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Ceccanti C, Davini A, Lo Piccolo E, Lauria G, Rossi V, Ruffini Castiglione M, Spanò C, Bottega S, Guidi L, Landi M. Polyethylene microplastics alter root functionality and affect strawberry plant physiology and fruit quality traits. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134164. [PMID: 38583200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Strawberry, a globally popular crop whose fruit are known for their taste and health benefits, were used to evaluate the effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on plant physiology and fruit quality. Plants were grown in 2-L pots with natural soil mixed with PE-MPs at two concentrations (0.2% and 0.02%; w/w) and sizes (⌀ 35 and 125 µm). Plant physiological responses, root histochemical and anatomical analyses as well as fruit biometric and quality features were conducted. Plants subjected to ⌀ 35 µm/0.2% PE-MPs exhibited the most severe effects in terms of CO2 assimilation due to stomatal limitations, along with the highest level of oxidative stress in roots. Though no differences were observed in plant biomass, the impact on fruit quality traits was severe in ⌀ 35 µm/0.2% MPs treatment resulting in a drop in fruit weight (-42%), soluble solid (-10%) and anthocyanin contents (-25%). The smallest sized PE-MPs, adsorbed on the root surface, impaired plant water status by damaging the radical apparatus, which finally resulted in alteration of plant physiology and fruit quality. Further research is required to determine if these alterations also occur with other MPs and to understand more deeply the MPs influence on fruit physio-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ceccanti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Davini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Lo Piccolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - G Lauria
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Rossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ruffini Castiglione
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Spanò
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bottega
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Luca Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Horváth-Mezőfi Z, Baranyai L, Nguyen LLP, Dam MS, Ha NTT, Göb M, Sasvár Z, Csurka T, Zsom T, Hitka G. Evaluation of Color and Pigment Changes in Tomato after 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Treatment. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2426. [PMID: 38676043 PMCID: PMC11054738 DOI: 10.3390/s24082426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The Polar Qualification System (PQS) was applied on hue spectra fingerprinting to describe color changes in tomato during storage. The cultivar 'Pitenza' was harvested at six different maturity stages, and half of the samples were subjected to gaseous 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment. Reference color parameters were recorded with a vision system colorimeter instrument, and the fruit pigment concentration was assessed with the DA-index®. Additionally, acoustic firmness (Stiffness) was measured. All acquired reference parameters were used to grade fruit in the supply chain. The applied 1-MCP treatments were used to control the ripening of climacteric horticultural produce. Both the DA-index® and stiffness values, presented as chlorophyll concentration and acoustic firmness, showed significant differences among maturity stages and treated and control samples and in their kinetics during storage. The machine vision parameter PQS-X was significantly affected by 1-MCP treatment (F = 10.18, p < 0.01), while PQS-Y was primarily affected by storage time (F = 18.18, p < 0.01) and maturity stage (F = 11.15, p < 0.01). A significant correlation was achieved for acoustic firmness with normalized color (r > 0.78) and PQS-Y (r > 0.80), as well as for the DA-index® (r > 0.9). The observed color changes agreed with the reference measurements. The significant statistical effect on the PQS coordinates suggests that hue spectra fingerprinting with this data compression technique is suitable for quality assessment based on color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Horváth-Mezőfi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - László Baranyai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Lien Le Phuong Nguyen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Mai Sao Dam
- Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Nga Thi Thanh Ha
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Mónika Göb
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Zoltán Sasvár
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tamás Csurka
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Tamás Zsom
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Géza Hitka
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.H.-M.); (L.B.); (L.L.P.N.); (N.T.T.H.); (M.G.); (Z.S.); (T.C.)
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Piechowiak T, Skóra B, Balawejder M. Effect of postharvest nicotinamide treatment on NAD + metabolism and redox status in strawberry fruit during storage. Phytochemistry 2023; 213:113766. [PMID: 37343736 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The increased activity of PARP enzymes is associated with a deficiency of NAD+, as well as with a loss of NADPH and ATP, and consequent deterioration of the redox state in fruits. In this study, we checked whether treatment with nicotinamide (NAM) would affect PARP-1 expression and NAD+ metabolism in strawberry fruit during storage. For this purpose, strawberry fruits were treated with 10 mM NAM and co-treated with NAM and UV-C, and then stored for 5 days at 4 °C. Research showed that nicotinamide contributes to reducing oxidative stress level by reducing PARP-1 mRNA gene expression and the protein level resulting in higher NAD+ availability, as well as improving energy metabolism and NADPH levels in fruits, regardless of whether they are exposed to UV-C. The above effects cause fruits treated with nicotinamide to be characterised by higher anti-radical activity, and a lower level of reactive oxygen species in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Cwiklinskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Cwiklinskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
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Wang P, Ge M, Yu A, Song W, Fang J, Leng X. Effects of ethylene on berry ripening and anthocyanin accumulation of 'Fujiminori' grape in protected cultivation. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1124-1136. [PMID: 34329497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the grape berries are deliberated as a non-climacteric fruit, ethylene seems to be involved in grape berry ripening. However, the precise role of ethylene in regulating the ripening of non-climacteric fruits is poorly understood. RESULTS Exogenous ethephon (ETH) can stimulate the concentration of internal ethylene and accelerate the accumulation of anthocyanins in berries of 'Fujiminori', including malvidin-, delphinidin-, and petunidin-derivatives (3',4',5'-trihydroxylated anthocyanins) and cyanidin-derivatives (3',4'-dihydroxylated anthocyanins). The content of 3',4',5'-trihydroxylated anthocyanins was extremely higher than 3',4'-dihydroxylated anthocyanins, and ethylene did not affect the composition of anthocyanins in grape. Furthermore, we observed the expression of anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes as well as ethylene biosynthesis and response genes in response to ETH treatment. The anthocyanins accumulation is significantly associated with increased expression of anthocyanin structural (VvPAL, Vv4CH, VvCHS, VvCHI, VvF3H, and VvUFGT) and regulatory genes (VvMYBA1, VvMYBA2, and VvMYBA3), which persisted over the 12 days. In addition, exogenous ETH affected the endogenous ethylene biosynthesis (VvACO2 and VvACO4) and the downstream ethylene regulatory network (VvERS1, VvETR2, VvCTR1, and VvERF005). CONCLUSIONS These findings bring new insights into the physiological and molecular function of ethylene during berry development and ripening in grapes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqing Ge
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aishui Yu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Song
- Fruit Industry Development and Service Center of Qixia, Yantai, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Bao T, Hao X, Shishir MRI, Karim N, Chen W. Green alternative methods for pretreatment of whole jujube before the drying process. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1030-1039. [PMID: 34312880 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jujube contains a waxy cuticle that acts as a barrier against fungal pathogens, prevents nutrition damage and leakage due to mechanical damage, and maintains water content. Chemical treatment before drying is the most commonly used method for whole jujube. Although chemical pretreatment can effectively enhance drying kinetics, it can lead to the loss of soluble nutrients and cause food safety issues due to chemical residues. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of various pretreatments (cold plasma, cold plasma activated water, ultrasonics, thermosonication, and blanching) on the drying process and quality properties of whole jujube so as to find effective green alternatives to chemical pretreatment. RESULTS The application of chemical, cold plasma, and thermosonication significantly altered the surface morphology of jujube by etching larger cracks and holes, which can facilitate the transfer of moisture, thereby improving the drying rate and the effective diffusivity. Chemical, cold plasma, and thermosonication pretreatment reduced drying time by 18%, 12%, and 7% respectively, thereby increasing the content of total phenolics by 13%, 12%, and 6% respectively, and enhancing antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) by 13%, 11%, and 3% respectively. In addition, chemical and cold plasma pretreatment reduced the generation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by 25% and 15% respectively. CONCLUSION Cold plasma is a promising green alternative method to chemical pretreatment for drying processes of whole jujube. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Naymul Karim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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Zhang Z, Wei J, Wang M, Zhang J, Wu B. Induced sulfur metabolism by sulfur dioxide maintains postharvest quality of 'Thompson Seedless' grape through increasing sulfite content. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1174-1184. [PMID: 34338316 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The commercial preservation of table grapes largely depends on the application of sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). However, little is known about whether SO2 participates in sulfur metabolism to improve the postharvest quality of table grapes. In this study, the contents of sulfur-containing compounds, activities of enzymes, and expression of genes involved in sulfur metabolism in table grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson Seedless) were evaluated. RESULTS The results indicated that SO2 treatment maintained the postharvest quality of table grapes. The sulfite content in rachises and berries, but not the sulfate content, increased in response to SO2 treatment. SO2 caused high activities of sulfite reductase, O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase, and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, thereby increasing the contents of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide, and glutathione in the rachises and berries. The expression of VvSURTL, VvATPS1, VvATPS2, and VvAPR3 decreased in response to SO2 treatment; however, the transcript levels of VvSiR1 and VvOASTL exhibited the opposite tendency. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that the sulfite converted from SO2 participated in sulfur metabolism and maintained the postharvest quality of table grapes by modulating the contents of metabolites, activities of enzymes, and expression of genes related to sulfur metabolism. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wei
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiaeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Agro-products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi, Xinejiang, People's Republic of China
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Piechowiak T, Skóra B, Sowa P. Changes in the activity of flavanone 3β-hydroxylase in blueberry fruit during storage in ozone-enriched atmosphere. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1300-1304. [PMID: 34312868 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine whether the ozonation process affects the flavonoid biosynthesis in highbush blueberry (Vaccinum corymbosum L.) fruit. Flavanone 3β-hydroxylase (F3H) was used as a marker of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The activity of F3H, the expression of gene encoding F3H and the antioxidant status in blueberries treated with ozone at a concentration of 15 ppm for 30 min, every 12 h of storage, and maintained at 4 °C for 4 weeks were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that ozonation process increases the expression of the F3H gene after 1 week of storage, which translates into a higher catalytic capacity of protein, as well as a higher content of flavonoids and total antioxidant potential of ozonated blueberries compared to non-ozonated fruits. CONCLUSION The present study provides experimental evidence indicating that ozone treatment in proposed process conditions positively affects flavonoid metabolism in highbush blueberry fruit leading to the maintainance of the high quality of the fruit during storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Cwiklinskiej 1A, Rzeszow, 35-601, Poland
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, St. Sucharskiego 2, Rzeszow, 35-225, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sowa
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, Rzeszow, 35-601, Poland
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Wang L, Hou Y, Wang Y, Hu S, Zheng Y, Jin P. Genome-wide identification of heat shock transcription factors and potential role in regulation of antioxidant response under hot water and glycine betaine treatments in cold-stored peaches. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:628-643. [PMID: 34146341 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) play pivotal roles in plant responses to stress. Although glycine betaine (GB) and hot water (HW) treatments are effective in reducing chilling injury (CI), little is known about the characterization of the Hsfs gene family and its potential roles in alleviating CI by regulating antioxidant systems in peach fruit. RESULTS In this study, 17 PpHsfs were identified in the peach genome and were investigated using bioinformatics, including chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, motifs, and promoter analyses. The expression patterns of PpHsfs under GB and HW treatments were also investigated. The PpHsfs showed different expression patterns in GB- and HW-treated fruit, and most of them were significantly up-regulated by both treatments, especially PpHsfA1a/b, PpHsfA2a, PpHsfA9a, and PpHsfB2a/b. Meanwhile, GB and HW treatments induced higher levels of gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to the control, contributing to the inhibition of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation and superoxide anion (O2 .- ) production. Moreover, the correlation analysis between PpHsfs and antioxidant-related genes showed that three PpAPXs were significantly correlated with ten PpHsfs, whereas PpCAT and PpSOD had no significant correlations with PpHsfs, which indicated that PpAPX might be regulated by PpHsfs. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that GB and HW treatments induced different PpHsfs transcript levels to regulate the antioxidant gene expressions, which might be beneficial in inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and protecting the integrity of cell structure, thus alleviating the development of CI in peach fruit during cold storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shunqing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Bernardo S, Dinis LT, Machado N, Barros A, Pitarch-Bielsa M, Malheiro AC, Gómez-Cadenas A, Moutinho-Pereira J. Uncovering the effects of kaolin on balancing berry phytohormones and quality attributes of Vitis vinifera grown in warm-temperate climate regions. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:782-793. [PMID: 34227127 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of kaolin particle film is considered a short-term strategy against several environmental stresses in areas with a Mediterranean-like climate. However, it is known that temperature fluctuations and water availability over the season can jeopardize kaolin efficiency in many Mediterranean crops. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the effects of kaolin foliar application on berry phytohormones, antioxidant defence, and oenological parameters at veraison and harvest stages of Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevines in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). The 2017 growing season was considered the driest (-147.1 dryness index) and the warmest (2705 °C growing degree days) of the study. RESULTS In 2017, TF kaolin-treated berries showed lower salicylic acid (-26.6% compared with unsprayed vines) and abscisic acid (ABA) (-10.5%) accumulation at veraison, whereas salicylic acid increased up to 28.8% at harvest. In a less hot season, TN and TF kaolin-treated grapevines showed a twofold in ABA content and a threefold increase in the indole-3-acetic acid content at veraison and lower ABA levels (83.8%) compared with unsprayed vines at harvest. Treated berries showed a decreased sugar content, without compromising malic and tartaric acid levels, and reactive oxygen species accumulation throughout berry ripening. CONCLUSION The results suggest kaolin exerts a delaying effect in triggering ripening-related processes under severe summer stress conditions. Treated berries responded with improved antioxidant defence and phytohormone balance, showing significant interactions between kaolin treatment, variety, and developmental stage in both assessed years. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernardo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nelson Machado
- CoLAB Vines&Wines - National Collaborative Laboratory for the Portuguese Wine Sector, Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense (ADVID), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marta Pitarch-Bielsa
- Department de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aureliano C Malheiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Yang J, Sun Y, Cao F, Yang B, Kuang H. Natural Products from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino: A Review on Their Structural Analysis, Quality Control, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030695. [PMID: 35163960 PMCID: PMC8840080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (P. alkekengi), a medicinal and edible plant, are frequently used as heat-clearing and detoxifying agents in thousands of Chinese medicine prescriptions. For thousands of years in China, they have been widely used in clinical practice to treat throat disease, hepatitis, and bacillary dysentery. This systematic review summarizes their structural analysis, quality control, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research studies on this medicinal plant are discussed. Relevant information on the calyxes and fruits of P. alkekengi was collected from electronic databases, Chinese herbal classics, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, information was collected from ancient documents in China. The components isolated and identified in P. alkekengi include steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, terpenoids, megastigmane, aliphatic derivatives, organic acids, coumarins, and sucrose esters. Steroids, particularly physalins and flavonoids, are the major characteristic and bioactive ingredients in P. alkekengi. According to the literature, physalins are synthesized by the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways, and flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway. Since the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P. alkekengi are complex and varied, there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. In most cases, the analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. A pharmacological study showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from P. alkekengi had extensive in vitro and in vivo biological activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and vasodilatory). Moreover, the relevant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor mechanisms were elucidated. The reported activities indicate the great pharmacological potential of P. alkekengi. Similarly, studies on the pharmacokinetics of specific compounds will also contribute to the progress of clinical research in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Feng Cao
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-82197188
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11
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Han X, Wei X, Lu W, Wu Q, Mao L, Luo Z. Transcriptional regulation of KCS gene by bZIP29 and MYB70 transcription factors during ABA-stimulated wound suberization of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:23. [PMID: 34998386 PMCID: PMC8742354 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study has demonstrated that the transcription of AchnKCS involved in suberin biosynthesis was up-regulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) during the wound suberization of kiwifruit, but the regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. RESULTS Through subcellular localization analysis in this work, AchnbZIP29 and AchnMYB70 transcription factors were observed to be localized in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay proved the transcriptional activation of AchnMYB70 and transcriptional suppression of AchnbZIP29 on AchnKCS promoter. Furthermore, the transcription level of AchnMYB70 was enhanced by ABA during wound suberization of kiwifruit, but AchnbZIP29 transcription was reduced by ABA. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it was believed that ABA enhanced the transcriptional activation of AchnMYB70 on AchnKCS by increasing AchnMYB70 expression. On the contrary, ABA relieved the inhibitory effect of AchnbZIP29 on transcription of AchnKCS by inhibiting AchnbZIP29 expression. These results gave further insight into the molecular regulatory network of ABA in wound suberization of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Han
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
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12
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Bal M, Østergaard L. Hormonal Influences on Pod-Seed Intercommunication during Pea Fruit Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:49. [PMID: 35052390 PMCID: PMC8774696 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosperms (from the Greek "angeion"-vessel, and "sperma"-seed) are defined by the presence of specialised tissue surrounding their developing seeds. This tissue is known as the ovary and once a flower has been fertilised, it gives rise to the fruit. Fruits serve various functions in relation to the seeds they contain: they often form tough physical barriers to prevent mechanical damage, they may form specialised structures that aid in dispersal, and they act as a site of nutrient and signal exchange between the parent plant and its offspring. The close coordination of fruit growth and seed development is essential to successful reproduction. Firstly, fertilisation of the ovules is required in most angiosperm species to initiate fruit growth. Secondly, it is crucial that seed dispersal facilitated by, e.g., fruit opening or ripening occurs only once the seeds have matured. These highly coordinated events suggest that seeds and fruits are in close communication throughout development and represent a classical problem of interorgan signalling and organismic resource allocation. Here, we review the contribution of studies on the edible, unicarpellate legume Pisum sativum to our understanding of seed and fruit growth coregulation, and propose areas of new research in this species which may yield important advances for both pulse agronomy and natural science.
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13
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Kou X, Feng Y, Yuan S, Zhao X, Wu C, Wang C, Xue Z. Different regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits: a review. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:477-497. [PMID: 34633626 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review contains the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening process of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, interactions between plant hormones and future research directions. The fruit ripening process involves physiological and biochemical changes such as pigment accumulation, softening, aroma and flavor formation. There is a great difference in the ripening process between climacteric fruits and non-climacteric fruits. The ripening of these two types of fruits is affected by endogenous signals and exogenous environments. Endogenous signaling plant hormones play an important regulatory role in fruit ripening. This paper systematically reviews recent progress in the regulation of plant hormones in fruit ripening, including ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin, brassinosteroid (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin. The role of plant hormones in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is discussed, with emphasis on the interaction between ethylene and other adjustment factors. Specifically, the research progress and future research directions of JA, SA and BR in fruit ripening are discussed, and the regulatory network between JA and other signaling molecules remains to be further revealed. This study is meant to expand the understanding of the importance of plant hormones, clarify the hormonal regulation network and provide a basis for targeted manipulation of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, Long Y, Yin X, Yang S. Sulfur-Induced Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via Triggering Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312710. [PMID: 34884527 PMCID: PMC8657834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur has been previously reported to modulate plant growth and exhibit significant anti-microbial activities. However, the mechanism underlying its diverse effects on plant pathogens has not been elucidated completely. The present study conducted the two-year field experiment of sulfur application to control kiwifruit canker from 2017 to 2018. For the first time, our study uncovered activation of plant disease resistance by salicylic acid after sulfur application in kiwifruit. The results indicated that when the sulfur concentration was 1.5–2.0 kg m−3, the induced effect of kiwifruit canker reached more than 70%. Meanwhile, a salicylic acid high lever was accompanied by the decline of jasmonic acid. Further analysis revealed the high expression of the defense gene, especially AcPR-1, which is a marker of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, AcICS1, another critical gene of salicylic acid synthesis, was also highly expressed. All contributed to the synthesis of increasing salicylic acid content in kiwifruit leaves. Moreover, the first key lignin biosynthetic AcPAL gene was marked up-regulated. Thereafter, accumulation of lignin content in the kiwifruit stem and the higher deposition of lignin were visible in histochemical analysis. Moreover, the activity of the endochitinase activity of kiwifruit leaves increased significantly. We suggest that the sulfur-induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via salicylic activates systemic acquired resistance to enhance plant immune response in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Youhua Long
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianhui Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Sen Yang
- Kiwifruit Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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15
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Herrera-González JA, Bautista-Baños S, Serrano M, Romanazzi G, Gutiérrez-Martínez P. Non-Chemical Treatments for the Pre- and Post-Harvest Elicitation of Defense Mechanisms in the Fungi-Avocado Pathosystem. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226819. [PMID: 34833910 PMCID: PMC8617955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest challenge for the avocado (Persea americana Miller) industry is to maintain the quality of the fruit to meet consumer requirements. Anthracnose is considered the most important disease in this industry, and it is caused by different species of the genus Colletotrichum, although other pathogens can be equally important. The defense mechanisms that fruit naturally uses can be triggered in response to the attack of pathogenic microorganisms and also by the application of exogenous elicitors in the form of GRAS compounds. The elicitors are recognized by receptors called PRRs, which are proteins located on the avocado fruit cell surface that have high affinity and specificity for PAMPs, MAMPs, and DAMPs. The activation of defense-signaling pathways depends on ethylene, salicylic, and jasmonic acids, and it occurs hours or days after PTI activation. These defense mechanisms aim to drive the pathogen to death. The application of essential oils, antagonists, volatile compounds, chitosan and silicon has been documented in vitro and on avocado fruit, showing some of them to have elicitor and fungicidal effects that are reflected in the postharvest quality of the fruit and a lower incidence of diseases. The main focus of these studies has been on anthracnose diseases. This review presents the most relevant advances in the use of natural compounds with antifungal and elicitor effects in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Herrera-González
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, Lagos de Country, Tepic 63175, Mexico;
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Uruapan, Av. Latinoamericana 1101, Col. Revolución, Uruapan 60150, Mexico
| | - Silvia Bautista-Baños
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km 6, CEPROBI 8, San Isidro, Yautepec 62730, Mexico;
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - Gianfranco Romanazzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Porfirio Gutiérrez-Martínez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, TecNM-Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Av. Tecnológico 2595, Lagos de Country, Tepic 63175, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Yamazaki M, Ishida A, Suzuki Y, Aoki Y, Suzuki S, Enoki S. Ethylene Induced by Sound Stimulation Enhances Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Berry Skin through Direct Upregulation of UDP-Glucose: Flavonoid 3- O-Glucosyltransferase. Cells 2021; 10:2799. [PMID: 34685779 PMCID: PMC8534375 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming has resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation in berry skin. Sound stimulation can be used as a potential method for enhancing fruit color development since many plants recognize sound vibration as an external stimulus and alter their physiological status in response to it. Sound stimulation (sine wave sound at 1000 Hz) enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells and berry skins in field-grown grapevines at the early stage of ripening. The transcription of UFGT and ACO2, which encode the key enzymes in anthocyanin and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated in grape cultured cells exposed to sound stimulation. In contrast, the transcription of MybA1 and NCED1, which encode a transcription factor for UFGT and a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, respectively, was not affected by the sound stimulation. A treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride, revered the enhancement of anthocyanin accumulation by sound stimulation. As the promoter assay using a GUS reporter gene demonstrated that UFGT promoter was directly activated by the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon, which enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in grape cultured cells, we conclude that sound stimulation enhanced anthocyanin accumulation through the direct upregulation of UFGT by ethylene biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that sound stimulation contributes to alleviating poor coloration in berry skin as a novel and innovative practical technique in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Yamazaki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Akari Ishida
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Yamanashi, Japan;
| | - Yoshinao Aoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinichi Enoki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu 400-0005, Yamanashi, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.I.); (Y.A.); (S.S.)
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17
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Kapłan M, Klimek K, Jabłońska-Ryś E, Sławińska A, Stój A. Effect of Hormonization Treatment on Yield Quantity and Quality, Contents of Biologically Active Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity in 'Einset Seedless' Grapevine Fruits and Raisins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206206. [PMID: 34684785 PMCID: PMC8540286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effect of hormonization treatment on yield quantity and quality, content of biologically active compounds, and antioxidant activity in fruits and raisins of 'Einset Seedless' grapevine. Field studies were conducted in 2017 at Nobilis Vineyard (50°39' N; 21°34' E) in the Sandomierz Upland. Analytical studies were carried out in the Laboratory of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Hormonized fruits and raisins, which were dried at 40 °C in a food dryer for 7 days, were the experimental material. It was shown that the application of the hormonization treatment had a significant effect on yield size and quality. The hormonization treatment and the form of plant material analyzed had a significant effect on the content of biologically active compounds and the antioxidant activity in 'Einset Seedless' grapevine fruits and raisins. The concentration of applied gibberellic acid had a significant effect on the levels of acidity, content of anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity determined with the FRAP and DPPH methods. The application of the multivariate analysis technique showed that, in the fresh fruits and raisins, the level of biologically active compounds and antioxidant activity in the case of the 200 mg∙GA3∙L-1 concentration and in the control combination was similar but differed significantly in the case of the 300 mg∙GA3∙L-1 application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kapłan
- Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Science, 28 Głęboka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Klimek
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, University of Life Science, 28 Głęboka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-734-858-363
| | - Ewa Jabłońska-Ryś
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Science, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (E.J.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Aneta Sławińska
- Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Science, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland; (E.J.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Stój
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
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Samkumar A, Jones D, Karppinen K, Dare AP, Sipari N, Espley RV, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Red and blue light treatments of ripening bilberry fruits reveal differences in signalling through abscisic acid-regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3227-3245. [PMID: 34337774 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been shown to be influenced by light quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the light-mediated regulation of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the effects of supplemental red and blue light on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in non-climacteric bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). After 6 days of continuous irradiation during ripening, both red and blue light elevated concentration of anthocyanins, up to 12- and 4-folds, respectively, compared to the control. Transcriptomic analysis of ripening berries showed that both light treatments up-regulated all the major anthocyanin structural genes, the key regulatory MYB transcription factors and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes. However, higher induction of specific genes of anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis alongside ABA signal perception and metabolism were found in red light. The difference in red and blue light signalling was found in 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), ABA receptor pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) and catabolic ABA-8'hydroxylase gene expression. Red light also up-regulated expression of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) domain transporters, which may indicate involvement of these proteins in vesicular trafficking of anthocyanins during fruit ripening. Our results suggest differential signal transduction and transport mechanisms between red and blue light in ABA-regulated anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis during bilberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dan Jones
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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Rani P, Saini I, Singh N, Kaushik P, Wijaya L, Al-Barty A, Darwish H, Noureldeen A. Effect of potassium fertilizer on the growth, physiological parameters, and water status of Brassica juncea cultivars under different irrigation regimes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257023. [PMID: 34555032 PMCID: PMC8459943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress, especially a lack of water, can significantly reduce crop yields. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical effects of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) fertilizer and varied irrigation regimes on the economically significant oilseed crop, Brassica juncea L, under open field conditions. Two cultivars (RH-725 and RH-749) of B. juncea were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replicates. Irrigation regimes consisted of a control (double irrigation: once at the 50% flowering and another at 50% fruiting stages), early irrigation (at 50% flowering only), late irrigation (at 50% fruiting only) and stress (no irrigation). The K2SO4 applications were: control (K0, no fertilization); K1, 10 kg ha-1; and K2, 20 kg ha-1. We measured growth via fresh and dry plant weight, plant height, root length, and leaf area. All the growth parameters were higher in RH-749. The physiological attributes, including the membrane stability index and relative water content, were higher at the 50% flowering stage in RH-749. The amount of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) was enhanced when both plants were fertilized during water stress. All of these enzymes had higher activity in RH-749. The total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate were considerably higher in RH-749, which leaked fewer electrolytes and maintained a less destructive osmotic potential under limited water conditions. The results indicated that it is water-stress tolerant when given a high concentration of K2SO4, which alleviated the adverse effects of water stress on growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Rani
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Ishan Saini
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Narender Singh
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, South Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Amal Al-Barty
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeer Darwish
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Noureldeen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Wardana AA, Koga A, Tanaka F, Tanaka F. Antifungal features and properties of chitosan/sandalwood oil Pickering emulsion coating stabilized by appropriate cellulose nanofiber dosage for fresh fruit application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18412. [PMID: 34531497 PMCID: PMC8445958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel composite edible coating film was developed from 0.8% chitosan (CS) and 0.5% sandalwood oil (SEO). Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used as a stabilizer agent of oil-in-water Pickering emulsion. We found four typical groups of CNF level-dependent emulsion stabilization, including (1) unstable emulsion in the absence of CNFs; (2) unstable emulsion (0.006-0.21% CNFs); (3) stable emulsion (0.24-0.31% CNFs); and (4) regular emulsion with the addition of surfactant. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to reveal the characteristics of droplet diameter and morphology. Antifungal tests against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum, between emulsion coating stabilized with CNFs (CS-SEOpick) and CS or CS-SEO was tested. The effective concentration of CNFs (0.24%) may improve the performance of CS coating and maintain CS-SEO antifungal activity synergistically confirmed with a series of assays (in vitro, in vivo, and membrane integrity changes). The incorporation of CNFs contributed to improve the functional properties of CS and SEO-loaded CS including light transmission at UV and visible light wavelengths and tensile strength. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the biocompatibility of each coating film formulation. Emulsion-CNF stabilized coating may have potential applications for active coating for fresh fruit commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Aditya Wardana
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Arisa Koga
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumina Tanaka
- Laboratory of Postharvest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Postharvest Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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21
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Soares CG, do Prado SBR, Andrade SCS, Fabi JP. Systems Biology Applied to the Study of Papaya Fruit Ripening: The Influence of Ethylene on Pulp Softening. Cells 2021; 10:2339. [PMID: 34571988 PMCID: PMC8467500 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya is a fleshy fruit that undergoes fast ethylene-induced modifications. The fruit becomes edible, but the fast pulp softening is the main factor that limits the post-harvest period. Papaya fast pulp softening occurs due to cell wall disassembling coordinated by ethylene triggering that massively expresses pectinases. In this work, RNA-seq analysis of ethylene-treated and non-treated papayas enabled a wide transcriptome overview that indicated the role of ethylene during ripening at the gene expression level. Several families of transcription factors (AP2/ERF, NAC, and MADS-box) were differentially expressed. ACO, ACS, and SAM-Mtase genes were upregulated, indicating a high rate of ethylene biosynthesis after ethylene treatment. The correlation among gene expression and physiological data demonstrated ethylene treatment can indeed simulate ripening, and regulation of changes in fruit color, aroma, and flavor could be attributed to the coordinated expression of several related genes. Especially about pulp firmness, the identification of 157 expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism demonstrated that pulp softening is accomplished by a coordinated action of several different cell wall-related enzymes. The mechanism is different from other commercially important fruits, such as strawberry, tomato, kiwifruit, and apple. The observed behavior of this new transcriptomic data confirms ethylene triggering is the main event that elicits fast pulp softening in papayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Giacomelli Soares
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.G.S.); (S.B.R.d.P.)
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Samira Bernardino Ramos do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.G.S.); (S.B.R.d.P.)
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Sónia C. S. Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil;
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (C.G.S.); (S.B.R.d.P.)
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
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22
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Zahedi SM, Hosseini MS, Daneshvar Hakimi Meybodi N, Peijnenburg W. Mitigation of the effect of drought on growth and yield of pomegranates by foliar spraying of different sizes of selenium nanoparticles. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5202-5213. [PMID: 33608893 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is a very important environmental stressor, which has negative effects on the growth of trees, decreasing their yield. The role of different-sized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) in the mitigation of environmental stresses such as drought in crops has not yet been investigated. RESULTS Trees treated with Se-NPs displayed higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, a better nutrient status, better physical parameters (especially fruit cracking) and chemical parameters, a higher phenolic content, and higher concentrations of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and abscisic acid than untreated trees under drought stress. Foliar spraying of 10 and 50 nm Se-NPs alleviated many of the deleterious effects of drought in pomegranate leaves and fruits and this was achieved by reducing stress-induced lipid peroxidation and H2 O2 content by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the 10 nm Se-NPs treatment produced more noticeable effects than the treatment with 50 nm Se-NPs. CONCLUSION Results confirm the positive effects of nanoparticle spraying, especially the role of 10 nm Se-NPs in the management of negative effects of drought not only for pomegranates but potentially also for other crops. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Marjan Sadat Hosseini
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran - Isfahan Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Daneshvar Hakimi Meybodi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Culbert JA, Krstic MP, Herderich MJ. Development and Utilization of a Model System to Evaluate the Potential of Surface Coatings for Protecting Grapes from Volatile Phenols Implicated in Smoke Taint. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175197. [PMID: 34500628 PMCID: PMC8434455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing frequency of wildfires in recent years, there is a strong need for developing mitigation strategies to manage the impact of smoke exposure of vines and occurrence of ‘smoke taint’ in wine. One plausible approach would be to prevent or inhibit the uptake of volatile phenols from smoke into grape berries in the vineyard. In this study we describe a model system we developed for evaluating under controlled conditions the effectiveness of a range of surface coatings (including existing horticultural sprays) for reducing/preventing the uptake of volatile phenols and their subsequent conversion to phenolic glycosides. Grapes were coated with the materials to be tested and then exposed to gaseous phenols, via evaporation from an aqueous solution, in a semi-closed glass container. Analysis of volatile phenols and their glycosidic grape metabolites demonstrated that the treatments typically did not provide any significant protection; in fact, some resulted in higher concentrations of these compounds in the grapes. The highest concentrations of volatile phenols and their glycosides were observed after application of oily, hydrophobic materials, suggesting that these materials may enhance the adsorption or transfer of volatile phenols into grape berries. Therefore, it is important to consider the types of sprays that are being applied in the vineyard before and during smoke events to prevent the potential of exacerbating the uptake of smoke compounds by grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Culbert
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Mark P Krstic
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Markus J Herderich
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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24
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Sriskantharajah K, El Kayal W, Torkamaneh D, Ayyanath MM, Saxena PK, Sullivan AJ, Paliyath G, Subramanian J. Transcriptomics of Improved Fruit Retention by Hexanal in 'Honeycrisp' Reveals Hormonal Crosstalk and Reduced Cell Wall Degradation in the Fruit Abscission Zone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168830. [PMID: 34445535 PMCID: PMC8396267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples (Malus domestica Borkh) are prone to preharvest fruit drop, which is more pronounced in 'Honeycrisp'. Hexanal is known to improve fruit retention in several economically important crops. The effects of hexanal on the fruit retention of 'Honeycrisp' apples were assessed using physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic approaches. Fruit retention and fruit firmness were significantly improved by hexanal, while sugars and fresh weight did not show a significant change in response to hexanal treatment. At commercial maturity, abscisic acid and melatonin levels were significantly lower in the treated fruit abscission zone (FAZ) compared to control. At this stage, a total of 726 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between treated and control FAZ. Functional classification of the DEGs showed that hexanal downregulated ethylene biosynthesis genes, such as S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAM2) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidases (ACO3, ACO4, and ACO4-like), while it upregulated the receptor genes ETR2 and ERS1. Genes related to ABA biosynthesis (FDPS and CLE25) were also downregulated. On the contrary, key genes involved in gibberellic acid biosynthesis (GA20OX-like and KO) were upregulated. Further, hexanal downregulated the expression of genes related to cell wall degrading enzymes, such as polygalacturonase (PG1), glucanases (endo-β-1,4-glucanase), and expansins (EXPA1-like, EXPA6, EXPA8, EXPA10-like, EXPA16-like). Our findings reveal that hexanal reduced the sensitivity of FAZ cells to ethylene and ABA. Simultaneously, hexanal maintained the cell wall integrity of FAZ cells by regulating genes involved in cell wall modifications. Thus, delayed fruit abscission by hexanal is most likely achieved by minimizing ABA through an ethylene-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Sriskantharajah
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (K.S.); (D.T.); (M.M.A.); (P.K.S.); (A.J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Walid El Kayal
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph-Vineland Station, 4890 Victoria Ave N, Vineland, ON L0R2E0, Canada;
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (K.S.); (D.T.); (M.M.A.); (P.K.S.); (A.J.S.); (G.P.)
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’alimentation, Universite Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, 2425, rue de l’Agriculture, Local 1122, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Murali M. Ayyanath
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (K.S.); (D.T.); (M.M.A.); (P.K.S.); (A.J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Praveen K. Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (K.S.); (D.T.); (M.M.A.); (P.K.S.); (A.J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Alan J. Sullivan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (K.S.); (D.T.); (M.M.A.); (P.K.S.); (A.J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Gopinadhan Paliyath
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada; (K.S.); (D.T.); (M.M.A.); (P.K.S.); (A.J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Jayasankar Subramanian
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph-Vineland Station, 4890 Victoria Ave N, Vineland, ON L0R2E0, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-562-4141 (ext. 134)
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25
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Zhao Y, Song C, Qi S, Lin Q, Duan Y. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induce the accumulation of sucrose and increase resistance to chilling injury in peach fruit. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4250-4255. [PMID: 33423299 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) can both enhance resistance of chilling injury (CI) in cold-storage peach fruit, but the regulatory mechanisms involved and whether there is a coordinated regulation between them is unclear. In this study, postharvest peach fruit were treated with an aqueous SA solution for 15 min or an aqueous JA solution for 30 s before storage at 4 °C for 35 days. RESULTS SA and JA treatments both delayed and reduced development of internal browning (a symptom of CI) and induced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sucrose. The SA and JA also reduced catalase and peroxidase activities, which are involved in hydrogen peroxide generation. The SA and JA treatments significantly regulated the transcript abundance of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis and degradation consistent with the observed increase in sucrose content. CONCLUSION These results intimate that JA and SA may be involved in coordinating the alleviation of CI via increased accumulation of sucrose. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Romero I, Vazquez-Hernandez M, Tornel M, Escribano MI, Merodio C, Sanchez-Ballesta MT. The Effect of Ethanol Treatment on the Quality of a New Table Grape Cultivar It 681-30 Stored at Low Temperature and after a 7-Day Shelf-Life Period at 20 °C: A Molecular Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158138. [PMID: 34360903 PMCID: PMC8347068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that many studies have examined the effectiveness of different gaseous postharvest treatments applied at low temperature to maintain table grape quality, the use of ethanol vapor has hardly been investigated. Thus, this work has studied the effectiveness of ethanol vapor-generating sachets in the maintenance of It 681–30 table grape quality, a new cultivar, during storage at low temperature and after the shelf-life period at 20 °C. To this end, various quality assessments have been carried out and the effect of the ethanol treatment on the expression of different genes (phenylpropanoids, transcription factors, PRs, and aquaporins) was determined. The results indicated that the application of ethanol vapor reduced the total decay incidence, weight loss, and the rachis browning index in It 681–30 grapes stored at 0 °C and after the shelf-life period at 20 °C, as compared to non-treated samples. Moreover, the modulation of STS7 and the different PR genes analyzed seems to play a part in the molecular mechanisms activated to cope with fungal attacks during the postharvest of It 681–30 grapes, and particularly during the shelf-life period at 20 °C. Furthermore, the expression of aquaporin transcripts was activated in samples showing higher weight loss. Although further work is needed to elucidate the role of ethanol in table grape quality, the results obtained in this work provide new insight into the transcriptional regulation triggered by ethanol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Romero
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (M.V.-H.); (M.I.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Vazquez-Hernandez
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (M.V.-H.); (M.I.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Manuel Tornel
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), Mayor, s/n, La Alberca, E-30150 Murcia, Spain;
| | - M. Isabel Escribano
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (M.V.-H.); (M.I.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Merodio
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (M.V.-H.); (M.I.E.); (C.M.)
| | - M. Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (M.V.-H.); (M.I.E.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Dourou AM, Brizzolara S, Famiani F, Tonutti P. Changes in volatile organic composition of olive oil extracted from cv. 'Leccino' fruit subjected to ethylene treatments at different ripening stages. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3981-3986. [PMID: 33336798 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive, as a non-climacteric fruit, is presumed to be ethylene independent with regard to ripening triggering/coordination. Nevertheless, studies have demonstrated that postharvest ethylene treatments induce changes in composition and properties also of non-climacteric fruits, including aroma profiles, a key quality parameter of extra virgin olive oils. Olive fruit of cv. 'Leccino' harvested at two distinct ripening stages (less advanced ripening, LAR; and more advanced ripening, MAR, with Jaén index of 4.58 and 5.10, respectively) were subjected to ethylene (1000 ppm in air) treatment for 24 h before oil extraction. RESULTS Based on multivariate analysis of volatile organic compound (VOCs), the effect of ethylene treatment appeared to be more pronounced in MAR samples. However, differences in organoleptic analysis were also detected in ethylene-treated LAR olive oils. Ethylene seems to selectively affect linolenic/linoleic acid metabolism, particularly concerning the C5 pathway, and reduce specific defect-associated compounds. CONCLUSION Exogenous ethylene applied to cv. 'Leccino' olives before processing was effective in inducing specific changes in the VOC profiles of the resulting oil. The effect was different depending on the ripening stage of the harvested olives. The lipoxygenase pathway (including the production of C5 compounds) and fermentative-related compounds appeared to be affected by the treatment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franco Famiani
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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28
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Hirsch M, Langer SE, Marina M, Rosli HG, Civello PM, Martínez GA, Villarreal NM. Expression profiling of endo-xylanases during ripening of strawberry cultivars with contrasting softening rates. Influence of postharvest and hormonal treatments. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3676-3684. [PMID: 33280108 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Softening is one of the main features that determine fruit quality during strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.) ripening and storage. Being closely related to textural changes, the molecular and biochemical bases underlying strawberry cell-wall metabolism is a matter of interest. Here we investigated the abundance of transcripts encoding putative strawberry endo-xylanases in plant tissues, during fruit ripening and under postharvest and hormonal treatments. Total xylanase activity and expression of related genes in strawberry varieties with contrasting firmness were analyzed. RESULTS FaXynA and FaXynC mRNA abundance was significantly higher than FaXynB in each plant tissue studied. Higher total xylanase activity was detected at the end of the ripening of the softer cultivar ('Toyonoka') in comparison with the firmer one ('Camarosa'), correlating with the abundance of FaXynA and FaXynC transcripts. Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene treatment up-regulated FaXynA and FaXynC expressions. FaXynC mRNA abundance decreased with heat treatment but the opposite was observed for FaXynA. Calcium chloride treatment down-regulated FaXynA and FaXynC expression. Both genes responded differently to plant growth regulators' exposure. FaXynC expression was down-regulated by auxins and gibberellins treatment and up-regulated by abscisic acid. FaXynA was up-regulated by auxins, while no changes in mRNA levels were evident by abscisic acid and gibberellins treatment. Ethephon exposure did not change FaXynA and FaXynC expressions. CONCLUSION New knowledge about the presence of xylanases in ripening strawberry fruit and their response to postharvest and hormonal treatments is provided. Our findings suggest a role for endo-xylanases in hemicelluloses depolymerization and possibly in strawberry fruit softening. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailén Hirsch
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Fisiología de la Maduración de Frutos, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Av. Intendente Marino km 8,2, Chascomús, Pcia. Buenos Aires, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Langer
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Fisiología de la Maduración de Frutos, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Av. Intendente Marino km 8,2, Chascomús, Pcia. Buenos Aires, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - María Marina
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Fisiología de la Maduración de Frutos, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Av. Intendente Marino km 8,2, Chascomús, Pcia. Buenos Aires, B7130IWA, Argentina
| | - Hernán G Rosli
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Maduración de Frutos y Senescencia Foliar, INFIVE (CONICET-UNLP), Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Diag. 113 N° 495, La Plata, Pcia. Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Civello
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Maduración de Frutos y Senescencia Foliar, INFIVE (CONICET-UNLP), Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Diag. 113 N° 495, La Plata, Pcia. Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A Martínez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Maduración de Frutos y Senescencia Foliar, INFIVE (CONICET-UNLP), Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Diag. 113 N° 495, La Plata, Pcia. Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata, Pcia. de Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
| | - Natalia M Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Fisiología de la Maduración de Frutos, INTECH (CONICET-UNSAM), Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Av. Intendente Marino km 8,2, Chascomús, Pcia. Buenos Aires, B7130IWA, Argentina
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Yue X, Shi P, Tang Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Ju Y, Zhang Z. Effects of methyl jasmonate on the monoterpenes of Muscat Hamburg grapes and wine. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3665-3675. [PMID: 33280112 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of monoterpenes in grape and wine aroma has compelled researchers to focus on developing methods to increase their abundance. Recent research has revealed that exogenous elicitors can increase the contents of these compounds. This study determined the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) preharvest treatments on the monoterpene profiles of Muscat Hamburg grapes and wine. RESULTS A total of 27 monoterpenes were identified for Muscat Hamburg grapes and wine. The contents of most of the monoterpenes (free and glycosylated forms) in the grapes and wine increased in response to MeJA. An analysis of the expression of the genes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway indicated that the related biosynthetic pathways were activated by MeJA. The transcript levels of some genes were consistent with monoterpene production, including VviCSLinNer, VviGwbOciF, VviPNRLin, VviGT14 and VviUGT85A1L1. The developmental expression patterns of the VviPP2B1 and VviMYB24 transcription factor genes were positively correlated with monoterpene accumulation in ripening grapes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that MeJA may be useful for improving the aroma quality of grapes and wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengbao Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yali Tang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huaixin Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanlun Ju
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, P.R. China
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Galal TM, Hassan LM, Ahmed DA, Alamri SAM, Alrumman SA, Eid EM. Heavy metals uptake by the global economic crop (Pisum sativum L.) grown in contaminated soils and its associated health risks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252229. [PMID: 34086714 PMCID: PMC8177654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the different organs of Pisum sativum L. (garden pea) grown in contaminated soils in comparison to nonpolluted soils in the South Cairo and Giza provinces, Egypt, and their effect on consumers' health. To collect soil and plant samples from two nonpolluted and two polluted farms, five quadrats, each of 1 m2, were collected per each farm and used for growth measurement and chemical analysis. The daily intake of metals (DIM) and its associated health risks (health risk index (HRI) were also assessed. The investigated heavy metals were cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co) and vanadium (V). Significant differences in soil heavy metals, except As, between nonpolluted and polluted sites were recorded. Fresh and dry phytomass, photosynthetic pigments, fruit production, and organic and inorganic nutrients were reduced in the polluted sites, where there was a high concentration of heavy metals in the fruit. The bioaccumulation factor for all studied heavy metals exceeded 1 in the polluted sites and only Pb, Cu and Mn exceeded 1 in the nonpolluted sites. Except for Fe, the DIM of the studied heavy metals in both sites did not exceed 1 in either children or adults. However, the HRI of Pb, Cd, Fe, and Mn in the polluted plants and Pb in the nonpolluted ones exceeded 1, indicating significant potential health risks to consumers. The authors recommend not to eat garden peas grown in the polluted sites, and farmers should carefully grow heavy metals non-accumulating food crops or non-edible plants for other purposes such as animal forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M. Galal
- Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loutfy M. Hassan
- Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A. Ahmed
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Saad A. M. Alamri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alrumman
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Zhou L, Tang R, Li X, Tian S, Li B, Qin G. N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates strawberry fruit ripening in an ABA-dependent manner. Genome Biol 2021; 22:168. [PMID: 34078442 PMCID: PMC8173835 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic mark such as DNA methylation plays pivotal roles in regulating ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, it remains unclear whether mRNA m6A methylation, which has been shown to regulate ripening of the tomato, a typical climacteric fruit, is functionally conserved for ripening control among different types of fruits. RESULTS Here we show that m6A methylation displays a dramatic change at ripening onset of strawberry, a classical non-climacteric fruit. The m6A modification in coding sequence (CDS) regions appears to be ripening-specific and tends to stabilize the mRNAs, whereas m6A around the stop codons and within the 3' untranslated regions is generally negatively correlated with the abundance of associated mRNAs. We identified thousands of transcripts with m6A hypermethylation in the CDS regions, including those of NCED5, ABAR, and AREB1 in the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathway. We demonstrate that the methyltransferases MTA and MTB are indispensable for normal ripening of strawberry fruit, and MTA-mediated m6A modification promotes mRNA stability of NCED5 and AREB1, while facilitating translation of ABAR. CONCLUSION Our findings uncover that m6A methylation regulates ripening of the non-climacteric strawberry fruit by targeting the ABA pathway, which is distinct from that in the climacteric tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renkun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Vidak M, Lazarević B, Petek M, Gunjača J, Šatović Z, Budor I, Carović-Stanko K. Multispectral Assessment of Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Quality Affected by Calcite Nanoparticles. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060832. [PMID: 34204908 PMCID: PMC8227421 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world because of the nutritional value of its fruits and its economic importance. Calcium (Ca) improves the quality of sweet pepper fruits, and the application of calcite nanoparticles in agricultural practice has a positive effect on the morphological, physiological, and physicochemical properties of the whole plant. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of commercial calcite nanoparticles on yield, chemical, physical, morphological, and multispectral properties of sweet pepper fruits using a combination of conventional and novel image-based nondestructive methods of fruit quality analysis. In the field trial, two sweet pepper cultivars, i.e., Šorokšari and Kurtovska kapija, were treated with commercial calcite nanoparticles (at a concentration of 3% and 5%, calcite-based foliar fertilizer (positive control), and water (negative control) three times during vegetation). Sweet pepper fruits were harvested at the time of technological and physiological maturity. Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars as well as between harvests times. In general, application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield and increased fruit firmness. However, different effects of calcite nanoparticles were observed on almost all properties depending on the cultivar. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity, as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity. However, in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity and only P at physiological maturity. The effect of treatments on fruit morphological properties was observed only at the second harvest. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively. In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the controls. At physiological maturity, lower anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices were found in Kurtovska kapija in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles, while in Šorokšari, the opposite effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vidak
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
| | - Boris Lazarević
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marko Petek
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jerko Gunjača
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zlatko Šatović
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivica Budor
- Agroledina j.d.o.o., Prigorska 32, Moravče, HR-10363 Belovar, Croatia;
| | - Klaudija Carović-Stanko
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.V.); (B.L.); (Z.Š.); (K.C.-S.)
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Huan C, Xu Q, Shuling S, Dong J, Zheng X. Effect of benzothiadiazole treatment on quality and anthocyanin biosynthesis in plum fruit during storage at ambient temperature. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3176-3185. [PMID: 33211342 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plums tend to experience a reduction in fruit quality due to ripening and they deteriorate quickly during storage at room temperature. Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a plant elicitor capable of inducing disease resistance in many crops. In this study, the effect of BTH treatment on fruit ripening, fruit quality, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in 'Taoxingli' plum was investigated. RESULTS The results showed that BTH treatment could accelerate fruit ripening without affecting the incidence of fruit decay or the shelf life. Benzothiadiazole treatment improved the quality and consumer acceptability of 'Taoxingli' plums during storage by increasing the sweetness, red color formation, and the concentration of healthy antioxidant compounds. The BTH treatment could also effectively promote the biosynthesis of anthocyanin by enhancing the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and uridine diphosphate flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and up-regulating the gene expressions of PsPAL, PsCHI, PsDFR, PsANS, and PsUFGT during storage. CONCLUSION Benzothiadiazole treatment could be a potential postharvest technology for improving fruit quality and consumer acceptability in harvested plum fruit. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huan
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qihang Xu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shen Shuling
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Dong
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Pounraj S, Bhilwadikar T, Manivannan S, Rastogi NK, Negi PS. Effect of ozone, lactic acid and combination treatments on the control of microbial and pesticide contaminants of fresh vegetables. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3422-3428. [PMID: 33289115 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit and vegetable consumption has increased due to their tremendous health benefits. However, recent studies have shown that contaminated products may serve as vehicles for foodborne pathogens and harmful chemicals. Therefore, fresh vegetables must be decontaminated before consumption to ensure food safety. RESULTS In this study, the combined decontamination treatment of lactic acid (2.5 mL L-1 ) and ozone (9 mg L-1 ) for 10 min showed better efficacy in the removal of contaminants from fresh vegetables as compared to individual treatments. The combined treatment resulted in a reduction of 1.5-3.5 log CFU of native mesophilic bacteria per gram and 1.6-2.9 log CFU of artificially inoculated Escherichia coli per gram from tomato, cucumber, carrot and lettuce. The combined treatment also removed spiked pesticides, which represent artificial chemical contamination (28-97% chlorpyrifos and 62-100% λ-cyhalothrin residues), from fresh vegetables. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in various sensory attributes of vegetables was observed between untreated and treated (lactic acid and ozone) vegetables. CONCLUSIONS The combination treatment provides a novel approach to target two groups of contaminants using a single procedure. The combination treatment can be used as an alternative to currently used decontamination techniques for the supply of safe vegetables to consumers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Pounraj
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Tanmayee Bhilwadikar
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Selladurai Manivannan
- Department of Food Protectant and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Navin K Rastogi
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Pradeep S Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Abstract
Calcium is beneficial to sweet cherry physiology. The objective was to investigate factors affecting uptake of Ca into mature sweet cherry fruit through their skins. Penetration of 45Ca-salts was monitored using whole fruit or excised fruit skins mounted in diffusion cells. Penetration of 45CaCl2 into intact fruit and through excised skins increased with time. Sealing the pedicel/fruit junction decreased penetration, but sealing the stylar scar had no effect. There was little difference in permeances of the fruit skin to 45CaCl2, 45Ca(NO3)2, 45Ca-formate, 45Ca-acetate, 45Ca-lactate or 45Ca-propionate. Only 45Ca-heptagluconate penetrated at a slower rate. Increasing temperature markedly increased Ca-penetration. Penetration was most rapid at 35 °C, intermediate at 22 °C and slowest at 12 °C. Increasing relative humidity (RH) from 0, 28, 75 to 100% increased penetration of 45CaCl2, but penetration of 45Ca-formate was restricted to 100% RH. Increasing the RH from 50 to 100% at 96 h after droplet application had no effect on penetration of 45CaCl2, but increased penetration of 45Ca-formate. The results reveal that: (1) the fruit/pedicel junction is a site of preferential Ca-uptake and (2) Ca-penetration is limited by the mobility of the Ca ion in the dried-down droplet residue when the point of deliquescence of the applied salt exceeds the ambient RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Winkler
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hanover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hanover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Guevara L, Domínguez-Anaya MÁ, Ortigosa A, González-Gordo S, Díaz C, Vicente F, Corpas FJ, Pérez del Palacio J, Palma JM. Identification of Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Uses from Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits and Their Modulation by Nitric Oxide (NO). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094476. [PMID: 33922964 PMCID: PMC8123290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species are precursors of a wide variety of secondary metabolites that, besides being useful for themselves, can also be used by humans for their consumption and economic benefit. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is not only a common food and spice source, it also stands out for containing high amounts of antioxidants (such as vitamins C and A), polyphenols and capsaicinoids. Particular attention has been paid to capsaicin, whose anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and analgesic activities have been reported in the literature. Due to the potential interest in pepper metabolites for human use, in this project, we carried out an investigation to identify new bioactive compounds of this crop. To achieve this, we applied a metabolomic approach, using an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) separative technique coupled to metabolite identification by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). After chromatographic analysis and data processing against metabolic databases, 12 differential bioactive compounds were identified in sweet pepper fruits, including quercetin and its derivatives, L-tryptophan, phytosphingosin, FAD, gingerglycolipid A, tetrahydropentoxylin, blumenol C glucoside, colnelenic acid and capsoside A. The abundance of these metabolites varied depending on the ripening stage of the fruits, either immature green or ripe red. We also studied the variation of these 12 metabolites upon treatment with exogenous nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas involved in a good number of physiological processes in higher plants such as germination, growth, flowering, senescence, and fruit ripening, among others. Overall, it was found that the content of the analyzed metabolites depended on the ripening stage and on the presence of NO. The metabolic pattern followed by quercetin and its derivatives, as a consequence of the ripening stage and NO treatment, was also corroborated by transcriptomic analysis of genes involved in the synthesis of these compounds. This opens new research perspectives on the pepper fruit’s bioactive compounds with nutraceutical potentiality, where biotechnological strategies can be applied for optimizing the level of these beneficial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Guevara
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (L.G.); (M.Á.D.-A.); (A.O.); (S.G.-G.); (F.J.C.)
| | - María Ángeles Domínguez-Anaya
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (L.G.); (M.Á.D.-A.); (A.O.); (S.G.-G.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Alba Ortigosa
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (L.G.); (M.Á.D.-A.); (A.O.); (S.G.-G.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (L.G.); (M.Á.D.-A.); (A.O.); (S.G.-G.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Department of Screening & Target Validation, Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.D.); (F.V.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Department of Screening & Target Validation, Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.D.); (F.V.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (L.G.); (M.Á.D.-A.); (A.O.); (S.G.-G.); (F.J.C.)
| | - José Pérez del Palacio
- Department of Screening & Target Validation, Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; (C.D.); (F.V.); (J.P.d.P.)
| | - José M. Palma
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; (L.G.); (M.Á.D.-A.); (A.O.); (S.G.-G.); (F.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-181-1600; Fax: +34-958-181-609
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Figueroa NE, Gatica-Meléndez C, Figueroa CR. Ethylene application at the immature stage of Fragaria chiloensis fruit represses the anthocyanin biosynthesis with a concomitant accumulation of lignin. Food Chem 2021; 358:129913. [PMID: 33933955 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene seems to play a secondary role in non-climacteric strawberry ripening compared to abscisic acid. However, this does not exclude that ethylene can regulate some specific events related to the ripening process. Preliminary experiments of applications of ethylene or its inhibitor 1-MCP to strawberry fruits have reinforced this hypothesis. Here, we reveal some previously non-covered physiological effects of ethylene using an in vitro strawberry ripening system. Fruits of Fragaria chiloensis treated with ethephon at the large green developmental stage showed inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis and downregulation of essential anthocyanin biosynthesis genes during the ripening. At the same time, ethylene stimulated lignin biosynthesis and remarkably upregulated the expression of FcPOD27. Since contrasting results have been reported when ethylene was applied at late ripening developmental stages, our findings support the hypothesis of a temporal-specific ethylene role in the ripening of strawberry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás E Figueroa
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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Yang Y, Mao L, Guan W, Wei X, Shao Y, Luo Z, Lin X, Li L. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide activates detoxification enzymes to promote degradation of boscalid in cherry tomatoes. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:2210-2217. [PMID: 33006387 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boscalid is often used to extend the storage time of postharvest cherry tomato. Pesticide residue has become an issue of food safety. This study sought to investigate the spatial distribution of boscalid residue in cherry tomato fruits and to determine the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) in promoting boscalid degradation. RESULTS Boscalid could quickly penetrate into cherry tomatoes, but mainly remained in the peel. The migration of boscalid from the peel into the core was a time-consuming and complex process during storage. After 72 h, boscalid residues in the pulp and the core began to accumulate gradually. The exogenous application of EBR activated peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, and effectively promoted the degradation of boscalid by a maximum decrease of 44.8% in peel, 54.0% in pulp and 71.2% in core. CONCLUSION As one of the common pesticides, boscalid had a strong ability to enter the cherry tomato and thus become a potential risk for public consumption. Therefore, rational use of pesticides is recommended. The results of this study indicate that the possible risk of boscalid residue could be alleviated by EBR pretreatment through activating detoxification enzymes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Science Laboratory, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, NO1, Qianhunan Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Weiliang Guan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yelin Shao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang B, Wang Y, Li W, Zhou J, Chang H, Golding JB. Effect of 1-MCP and ethylene absorbent on the development of lenticel disorder of 'Xinli No.7' pear and possible mechanisms. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:2525-2533. [PMID: 33063328 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD A common lenticel disorder which occurs in the peel of 'Xinli No. 7' pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) had not previously been described. Symptoms of this lenticel disorder include enlarging and bulging of the lenticels which results in significant commercial losses. Understanding the physiological basis of lenticel disorder and developing practical methods to control it is crucial for the successful marketing of this pear. RESULTS The development of this lenticel disorder was found to be closely related to the endogenous ethylene production during storage. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) combined with an ethylene absorbent (EA) treatment was found to significantly reduce the development of the disorder by inhibiting the expression of ethylene related genes, PbACS1, PbACS2 and PbACO. It is proposed that the enlarged lenticels may result from increased lignin accumulation in the peel cells, which is inhibited by this combined postharvest treatment. It was shown that the expression of six lignin related genes decreased following the treatment. The results suggest that PbPAL, Pb4CL and PbCAD could be critical in regulating the development of this lenticel disorder. CONCLUSION Endogenous ethylene plays a key role in the development of this lenticel disorder in 'Xinli No. 7' pear. The enlarged lenticels which is characteristic of this disorder maybe related to increased lignin accumulation in the peel cells, which were inhibited with 1-MCP combined with an EA treatment. These results provide a practical method for managing the development of lenticel disorder in 'Xinli No. 7' pear and helps clarify the developmental mechanisms of this disorder. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - John B Golding
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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Dilarri G, Zamuner CF, Mendes CR, Junior JR, Morão LG, Montagnolli RN, Bidoia ED, Ferreira H. Evaluating the potential of electrolysed water for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:2584-2591. [PMID: 33063337 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The largest and most profitable market for citrus is the production of fresh fruit. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a Gram-negative plant pathogen and the etiological agent of citrus canker, one of the major threats to citrus production worldwide. In the early stages of infection, X. citri can attach to plant surfaces by means of biofilms. Biofilm is considered an essential virulence factor, which helps tissue colonization in plants. Thus, sanitization of citrus fruit is mandatory in packinghouses before any logistic operation as packing and shipment to the market. The aim of this study was to evaluate electrolysed water (EW) as a sanitizer for the disinfection of citrus fruit in packinghouses. RESULTS Using a protocol to monitor cell respiration we show that EW, obtained after 8 and 9 min of electrolysis, sufficed to kill X. citri when applied at a concentration of 500 μL mL-1 . Furthermore, microscopy analysis, combined with time-response growth curves, confirmed that EW affects the bacterial cytoplasmatic membrane and it leads to cell death in the first few minutes of contact. Pathogenicity tests using limes to simulate packinghouse treatment showed that EW, produced with 9 min of electrolysis, was a very effective sanitizer capable of eliminating X. citri from contaminated fruit. CONCLUSION It was possible to conclude that EW is significantly effective as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at 200 ppm. Therefore, EW could be an alternative for citrus sanitization in packinghouses. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dilarri
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Caio Fc Zamuner
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Carolina R Mendes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - José Rm Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Luana G Morão
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Renato N Montagnolli
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Agricultural Sciences Centre, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Araras, Brazil
| | - Ederio D Bidoia
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Pu W, Zhu H, Liang J, Wu J, Hong L, Guan P, Hu J. 4-CPA (4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid) Induces the Formation and Development of Defective "Fenghou" ( Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) Grape Seeds. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040515. [PMID: 33808413 PMCID: PMC8067128 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For some horticultural plants, auxins can not only induce normal fruit setting but also form fake seeds in the induced fruits. This phenomenon is relatively rare, and, so far, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, “Fenghou” (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) grapes were artificially emasculated before flowering and then sprayed with 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) to analyze its effect on seed formation. The results show that 4-CPA can induce normal fruit setting in “Fenghou” grapes. Although more seeds were detected in the fruits of the 4-CPA-treated grapevine, most seeds were immature. There was no significant difference in the seed shape; namely, both fruit seeds of the grapevines with and without 4-CPA treatment contained a hard seed coat. However, the immature seeds lacked embryo and endosperm tissue and could not germinate successfully; these were considered defective seeds. Tissue structure observation of defective seeds revealed that a lot of tissue redifferentiation occurred at the top of the ovule, which increased the number of cell layers of the outer integument; some even differentiated into new ovule primordia. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that 4-CPA application regulated the expression of the genes VvARF2 and VvAP2, which are associated with integument development in “Fenghou” grape ovules. Together, this study evokes the regulatory role of 4-CPA in the division and continuous redifferentiation of integument cells, which eventually develop into defective seeds with thick seed coats in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Wenjiang Pu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Jinjun Liang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Liang Hong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Jianfang Hu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.L.); (Y.W.); (W.P.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62732488
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Pejam F, Ardebili ZO, Ladan-Moghadam A, Danaee E. Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated substantial physiological and molecular changes in tomato. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248778. [PMID: 33750969 PMCID: PMC7984648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There has long been debate about how nanoproducts meet agricultural requirements. This study aimed to investigate tomato responses to the long-time foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP; 0 and 3 mgl-1) or bulk type (BZnO). Both ZnO-NP and BZnO treatments, especially the nanoform, were significantly capable of improving growth, biomass, and yield. The ZnO-NP treatment upregulated the expression of the R2R3MYB transcription factor by 2.6 folds. The BZnO and ZnO-NP treatments transcriptionally up-regulated WRKY1 gene by 2.5 and 6.4 folds, respectively. The bHLH gene was also upregulated in response to BZnO (2.3-fold) or ZnO-NP (4.7-fold). Moreover, the ZnO-NP application made a contribution to upregulation in the EREB gene whereas the bulk compound did not make a significant change. Upregulation in the HsfA1a gene also resulted from the ZnO-NP (2.8-fold) or BZnO (1.6-fold) supplementation. The MKK2 and CAT genes displayed a similar upregulation trend in response to the supplements by an average of 3-folds. While the application of ZnO-NP slightly down-regulated the histone deacetylases (HDA3) gene by 1.9-fold, indicating epigenetic modification. The supplements, especially the nano-product, enhanced concentrations of K, Fe, and Zn in both leaves and fruits. The concentrations of Chla, Chlb, and carotenoids were increased in response to the BZnO or ZnO-NP treatments. Likewise, BZnO or ZnO-NP mediated an increase in activity of nitrate reductase and proline content in leaves. These treatments increased soluble phenols and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. With a similar trend, the BZnO or ZnO-NP application improved the activities of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. The reinforcement in metaxylem and secondary tissues resulted from the applied supplements. This study provides comprehensive comparative evidence on how ZnO-NPs may remodel the chromatin ultrastructure and transcription program, and confer stress tolerance in crops. This study also underlines the necessity of providing integrated transcriptome and proteome data in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pejam
- Department of Biology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | | | | | - Elham Danaee
- Department of Horticulture, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
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Piñero MC, Otálora G, Collado J, López-Marín J, Del Amor FM. Foliar application of putrescine before a short-term heat stress improves the quality of melon fruits (Cucumis melo L.). J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1428-1435. [PMID: 32833253 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has caused an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, worldwide, which subject plants to thermal stress for short periods; this can affect the quality of melon fruits, both negatively and positively. Since the application of putrescine has been shown to help increase tolerance of abiotic stresses, the objective of this work is to determine the effects of the foliar application of putrescine (1.5 and 5 mmol L-1 ) before a short heat stress (HS) on the quality of melon fruits. RESULTS The results indicate that HS had a positive effect on the quality of melon fruits, since it increased the total sugars and polyamines contents and the antioxidant capacity, and reduced the presence of substances undesirable in foods such as nitrate. However, the fruit quality was further increased by the combination of HS and putrescine (5 mmol L-1 ). In this case, the melon fruits showed increases in their antioxidant capacity and contents of polyamines, amino acids and minerals beneficial to health. The nitrate concentration was even lower than in the control fruits. CONCLUSION This novel study highlights the possibility of improving the nutritional quality of melon pulp by applying foliar putrescine in combination with a short period of high temperature. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Piñero
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor, s/n, Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Ginés Otálora
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor, s/n, Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor, s/n, Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor, s/n, Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), C/Mayor, s/n, Murcia, 30150, Spain
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Mariz-Ponte N, Regalado L, Gimranov E, Tassi N, Moura L, Gomes P, Tavares F, Santos C, Teixeira C. A Synergic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051461. [PMID: 33800273 PMCID: PMC7962642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the pathogenic agent responsible for the bacterial canker of kiwifruit (BCK) leading to major losses in kiwifruit productions. No effective treatments and measures have yet been found to control this disease. Despite antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) having been successfully used for the control of several pathogenic bacteria, few studies have focused on the use of AMPs against Psa. In this study, the potential of six AMPs (BP100, RW-BP100, CA-M, 3.1, D4E1, and Dhvar-5) to control Psa was investigated. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined and membrane damaging capacity was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Among the tested AMPs, the higher inhibitory and bactericidal capacity was observed for BP100 and CA-M with MIC of 3.4 and 3.4-6.2 µM, respectively and MBC 3.4-10 µM for both. Flow cytometry assays suggested a faster membrane permeation for peptide 3.1, in comparison with the other AMPs studied. Peptide mixtures were also tested, disclosing the high efficiency of BP100:3.1 at low concentration to reduce Psa viability. These results highlight the potential interest of AMP mixtures against Psa, and 3.1 as an antimicrobial molecule that can improve other treatments in synergic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (E.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Science (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, In-BIO-Associate Laboratory, Microbial Diversity and Evolution Group, University of Porto (UP), 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Regalado
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (E.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Science (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emil Gimranov
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (E.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Science (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Tassi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (N.T.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Luísa Moura
- CISAS—Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (N.T.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (E.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- CIBIO—Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, In-BIO-Associate Laboratory, Microbial Diversity and Evolution Group, University of Porto (UP), 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (E.G.); (F.T.); (C.S.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Science (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (N.T.); (P.G.); (C.T.)
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Ali S, Sattar Khan A, Ullah Malik A, Anwar R, Akbar Anjum M, Nawaz A, Shafique M, Naz S. Combined application of ascorbic and oxalic acids delays postharvest browning of litchi fruits under controlled atmosphere conditions. Food Chem 2021; 350:129277. [PMID: 33618094 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ascorbic acid [AA (40 mmol L-1)] and oxalic acid [OA (2 mmol L-1)] on browning of litchi fruit was investigated under 5% CO2 + 1% O2 controlled atmosphere (CA) and compared with air at 5 ± 1 °C for 28 days. The combined application of AA and OA suppressed browning index, soluble quinones, and activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase under CA compared with control. The combination of CA along with AA + OA reduced weight loss and maintained higher anthocyanins, total phenolics, membrane integrity, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activities compared with control. In addition, AA + OA + CA combination showed markedly lower malondialdehyde, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide with substantially higher soluble solids content, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and sensory quality compared with control. In conclusion, AA + OA combination could be considered appropriate to delay browning and to conserve litchi fruit visual appearance under CA storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Sattar Khan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aman Ullah Malik
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Anwar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Zhai Z, Sun Y, Feng C, Peng X, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Zhou X, Wang W, Jiao J, Li T. Genome-Wide Identification of the B- BOX Genes that Respond to Multiple Ripening Related Signals in Sweet Cherry Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041622. [PMID: 33562756 PMCID: PMC7914455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-BOX proteins are zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified 15 PavBBX genes in the genome database of sweet cherry. We systematically analyzed the gene structures, clustering characteristics, and expression patterns of these genes during fruit development and in response to light and various hormones. The PavBBX genes were divided into five subgroups. The promoter regions of the PavBBX genes contain cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormones, and stress. qRT-PCR revealed five upregulated and eight downregulated PavBBX genes during fruit development. In addition, PavBBX6, PavBBX9, and PavBBX11 were upregulated in response to light induction. We also found that ABA, BR, and GA3 contents significantly increased in response to light induction. Furthermore, the expression of several PavBBX genes was highly correlated with the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, light-responsive genes, and genes that function in multiple hormone signaling pathways. Some PavBBX genes were strongly induced by ABA, GA, and BR treatment. Notably, PavBBX6 and PavBBX9 responded to all three hormones. Taken together, BBX proteins likely play major roles in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry fruit by integrating light, ABA, GA, and BR signaling pathways.
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Adhikary T, Gill PS, Jawandha SK, Bhardwaj RD, Anurag RK. Browning and quality management of pear fruit by salicylic acid treatment during low temperature storage. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:853-862. [PMID: 32726459 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Patharnakh' pear, a dominant cultivar in the Punjab province of India, has a shorter storage life as it matures during the hot and humid weather. Studies have reported that postharvest chemical treatments have a major role in improving the storage life of the fruit. In this study, the efficacy of different concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mmol L-1 ) of salicylic acid (SA), a well-known signaling molecule, was explored to overcome browning and maintain the postharvest quality of the Patharnakh pear during cold storage. RESULTS SA treated pears were better than the untreated fruits in all of the studied parameters. SA application alleviated the rate of weight loss and respiration, and lowered the decay percentage. The efficacy of SA in the reduction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, which correlates negatively with the total phenolic content, was quite noticeable. The SA treated fruits exhibited a slower oxidation of the total phenol content by inhibiting the action of PPO and retaining the total phenolic content, leading to lower incidence of browning. SA effectively maintained the ascorbic acid content and superoxide dismutase activity. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, and pH of the pears were highest with the SA treatment. CONCLUSION The 2 mmol L-1 SA treatment exhibited the best result of reducing fruit decay and tissue browning, and maintaining the postharvest quality parameters of pear up to 60 days of cold storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Adhikary
- Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Parmpal S Gill
- Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sukhjit K Jawandha
- Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rahul K Anurag
- Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, India
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Weinert CH, Sonntag F, Egert B, Pawelzik E, Kulling SE, Smit I. The effect of potassium fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 159:89-99. [PMID: 33348242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The macronutrient potassium (K) has vital physiological functions in plants and its availability can strongly impact quality of crops like tomato. The impact of K nutrition on conventional tomato fruit quality parameters has been described several times, but detailed investigations on the effect of K supply on the fruit metabolite profile are still rare. To fill this gap, we investigated the influence of K fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruits. For this purpose, an outdoor pot experiment with three different cocktail tomato cultivars was performed. A fertilization regimen with five K levels was applied, ranging from deficiency to sufficient supply. Fruit samples were analyzed by untargeted GC×GC-MS to cover the primary metabolite profile as well as some secondary metabolites. As verified using ICP-OES, fruit K content was highly proportional to the supplied amount of K. At the metabolite profile level, the most prominent and cultivar-independent effect of increased K fertilization was the rise of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Further effects were more cultivar-specific, for example an increase of the mobile nitrogen pool (e.g. amines like putrescine and amides like asparagine), changes in the profile of minor sugars (especially disaccharides) as well as higher levels of some secondary metabolites. Pronounced response patterns were mainly observed in the cultivars Primavera and Yellow Submarine that were recently characterized as higher yielding, demanding a stronger consideration of cultivar differences in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H Weinert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Frederike Sonntag
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Egert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elke Pawelzik
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Inga Smit
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Goettingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Chen C, Nie Z, Wan C, Gan Z, Chen J. Suppression on postharvest juice sac granulation and cell wall modification by chitosan treatment in harvested pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) stored at room temperature. Food Chem 2021; 336:127636. [PMID: 32805513 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of both lignin and cellulose accompanied by juice sac granulation is widespread in harvested citrus fruit. Hence, measures to suppress postharvest granulation of 'Majiayou' pummelo is of great importance. The fruit was treated with 1.5% chitosan and then stored at room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) for 150 d. As compared to the control fruits, chitosan coating significantly suppressed granulation index and maintained good quality. Chitosan coating inhibited lignification by suppressing the activities and expression levels of lignin synthesis-related enzymes (PAL, CAD and POD). By contrast, chitosan treatment enhanced the activities and expression levels of cell wall degrading enzymes, including PME, PG, Cx, XTH and β-Gal, which might contribute to the decrease in cellulose. In a nutshell, chitosan coating can effectively suppress juice sac granulation and fruit senescence of pummelo fruits, and play a crucial role in maintaining the cell wall modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Zhengpeng Nie
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, PR China.
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Kou X, Chai L, Yang S, He Y, Wu CE, Liu Y, Zhou J, Xue Z, Wang Z. Physiological and metabolic analysis of winter jujube after postharvest treatment with calcium chloride and a composite film. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:703-717. [PMID: 32710440 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ziziphus jujuba Miller cv. Dongzao is extremely susceptible to reddening, browning, nutritional loss, and perishability after harvest. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms of calcium chloride and chitosan/nano-silica composite film treatments on the quality, especially in reddening, by physiological and metabolomic assays. RESULTS The treatment delayed the decline of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) activities. Meanwhile, the treated groups retarded the increases in anthocyanin and quercetin contents by inhibiting the gene expressions of flavonol synthase (ZjFLS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (ZjDFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ZjANS), while promoting leucoanthocyanidin reductase (ZjLAR) expression, which leads to retardation of fruit reddening. Anthocyanins were found to be responsible for post-harvest winter jujube reddening through principal component analysis. Results from the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution indicated that the treated group delayed the decline of the quality of 'Dongzao' and extended its shelf life. CONCLUSION The treatment induced the heightening of flavonoids metabolism. They enhanced the nutritional value and the ability to resist stress by delaying the decline of PAL, CHS, and CHI activities. Meanwhile, the treated groups retarded the increase in anthocyanin and quercetin contents by inhibiting the gene expressions of ZjFLS, ZjDFR, and ZjANS and promoting ZjLAR expression, which leads to retardation of fruit reddening. Anthocyanins are responsible for post-harvest winter jujube reddening. Coating treatment effectively delayed the decline of winter jujube quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai E Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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