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Cao H, Wang R, Zhao J, Shi L, Huang Y, Wu T, Zhang C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the cryptochromes reveal the CsCRY1 role under low-light-stress in cucumber. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1371435. [PMID: 38660445 PMCID: PMC11040678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1371435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Low-light-stress is a common meteorological disaster that can result in slender seedlings. The photoreceptors play a crucial role in perceiving and regulating plants' tolerance to low-light-stress. However, the low-light-stress tolerance of cucumber has not been effectively evaluated, and the functions of these photoreceptor genes in cucumber, particularly under low-light-stress conditions, are not clear. Methods Herein, we evaluated the growth characteristics of cucumber seedlings under various LED light treatment. The low-light-stress tolerant cucumber CR and intolerant cucumber CR were used as plant materials for gene expression analysis, and then the function of CsCRY1 was analyzed. Results The results revealed that light treatment below 40 μmol m-2 s-1 can quickly and effectively induce low-light-stress response. Then, cucumber CR exhibited remarkable tolerance to low-light-stress was screened. Moreover, a total of 11 photoreceptor genes were identified and evaluated. Among them, the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) had the highest expression level and was only induced in the low-light sensitive cucumber CS. The transcript CsaV3_3G047490.1 is predicted to encode a previously unknown CsCRY1 protein, which lacks 70 amino acids at its C-terminus due to alternative 5' splice sites within the final intron of the CsCRY1 gene. Discussion CRY1 is a crucial photoreceptor that plays pivotal roles in regulating plants' tolerance to low-light stress. In this study, we discovered that alternative splicing of CsCRY1 generates multiple transcripts encoding distinct CsCRY1 protein variants, providing valuable insights for future exploration and utilization of CsCRY1 in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishun Cao
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Shi
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyuan Zhang
- Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Liu H, Yao X, Fan J, Lv L, Zhao Y, Nie J, Guo Y, Zhang L, Huang H, Shi Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Sui X. Cell wall invertase 3 plays critical roles in providing sugars during pollination and fertilization in cucumber. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae119. [PMID: 38428987 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In plants, pollen-pistil interactions during pollination and fertilization mediate pollen hydration and germination, pollen tube growth, and seed set and development. Cell wall invertases (CWINs) help provide the carbohydrates for pollen development; however, their roles in pollination and fertilization have not been well established. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), CsCWIN3 showed the highest expression in flowers, and we further examined CsCWIN3 for functions during pollination to seed set. Both CsCWIN3 transcript and CsCWIN3 protein exhibited similar expression patterns in the sepals, petals, stamen filaments, anther tapetum, and pollen of male flowers, as well as in the stigma, style, transmitting tract, and ovule funiculus of female flowers. Notably, repression of CsCWIN3 in cucumber did not affect the formation of parthenocarpic fruit but resulted in an arrested growth of stigma integuments in female flowers and a partially delayed dehiscence of anthers with decreased pollen viability in male flowers. Consequently, the pollen tube grew poorly in the gynoecia after pollination. In addition, CsCWIN3-RNAi (RNA interference) plants also showed affected seed development. Considering that sugar transporters could function in cucumber fecundity, we highlight the role of CsCWIN3 and a potential close collaboration between CWIN and sugar transporters in these processes. Overall, we used molecular and physiological analyses to determine the CsCWIN3-mediated metabolism during pollen formation, pollen tube growth, and plant fecundity. CsCWIN3 has essential roles from pollination and fertilization to seed set but not parthenocarpic fruit development in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yalong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuzi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiawang Li
- Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Shi Q, Zhang J, Fu Q, Hao G, Liang C, Duan F, Zhao H, Song W. Biocontrol Efficacy and Induced Resistance of Paenibacillus polymyxa J2-4 Against Meloidogyne incognita Infection in Cucumber. Phytopathology 2024; 114:538-548. [PMID: 37698495 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0091-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most destructive agricultural pathogens around the world, resulting in severe damage to yield and quality in agricultural production. Biological control promises to be a great potential alternative to chemical agents against M. incognita. Paenibacillus polymyxa J2-4, isolated from ginger plants injured by M. incognita, has shown excellent biocontrol efficacy against M. incognita in cucumber. In vitro experiments with the strain J2-4 resulted in a correct mortality rate of 88.79% (24 h) and 98.57% (48 h) for second-stage juveniles (J2s) of M. incognita. Strain J2-4 significantly suppressed nematode infection on potted plants, with a 65.94% reduction in galls and a 51.64% reduction in eggs compared with the control. The split-root assay demonstrated that strain J2-4 not only reduced J2s' invasion but also inhibited nematode development through the dependence on salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling of strain J2-4 induction of plant resistance in local and systemic roots of cucumbers. Genomic analysis of strain J2-4 indicated biosynthetic gene clusters encoding polymyxin, fusaricidin B, paenilan, and tridecaptin. In addition, genetic analysis showed that none of the genes encoding virulence factors were detected in the genome of J2-4 compared with the pathogenic Bacillus species. Taking all the data together, we conclude that P. polymyxa J2-4 has potential as a biological control agent against M. incognita on cucumbers and can be considered biologically safe when used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guangyang Hao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Fangmeng Duan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Honghai Zhao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China
| | - Wenwen Song
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China
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4
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Sun J, Nie J, Xiao T, Guo C, Lv D, Zhang K, He HL, Pan J, Cai R, Wang G. CsPM5.2, a phosphate transporter protein-like gene, promotes powdery mildew resistance in cucumber. Plant J 2024; 117:1487-1502. [PMID: 38048475 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most serious fungal diseases affecting cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.). The mechanism of PM resistance in cucumber is intricate and remains fragmentary as it is controlled by several genes. In this study, we detected the major-effect Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL), PM5.2, involved in PM resistance by QTL mapping. Through fine mapping, the dominant PM resistance gene, CsPM5.2, was cloned and its function was confirmed by transgenic complementation and natural variation identification. In cultivar 9930, a dysfunctional CsPM5.2 mutant resulted from a single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region and endowed susceptibility to PM. CsPM5.2 encodes a phosphate transporter-like protein PHO1; H3. The expression of CsPM5.2 is ubiquitous and induced by the PM pathogen. In cucumber, both CsPM5.2 and Cspm5.1 (Csmlo1) are required for PM resistance. Transcriptome analysis suggested that the salicylic acid (SA) pathway may play an important role in CsPM5.2-mediated PM resistance. Our findings help parse the mechanisms of PM resistance and provide strategies for breeding PM-resistant cucumber cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jingtao Nie
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunli Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Duo Lv
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Keyan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huan-Le He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhang X, Peng J, Hao X, Feng G, Shen Y, Wang G, Chen Z. Serratia marcescens LYGN1 Reforms the Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Promotes Cucumber and Pepper Growth in Plug Seedling Cultivation. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:592. [PMID: 38475438 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The vegetable plug seedling plays an important role in improving vegetable production. The process of plug seedling contributes to high-quality vegetable seedlings. The substrate composition and chemical fertilizer are widely studied to promote seedling growth. However, little is known about the effect of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere microbial community and vegetables' growth during plug seedling. The use of beneficial microbes to promote vegetable seedling growth is of great potential. In this study, we showed that the Serratia marcescens strain LYGN1 enhanced the growth of cucumber and pepper seedlings in plug seedling cultivation. The treatment with LYGN1 significantly increased the biomass and the growth-related index of cucumber and pepper, improving the seedling quality index. Specifically, LYGN1 also improved the cucumber and pepper root system architecture and increased the root diameter. We applied high-throughput sequencing to analyze the microbial community of the seedlings' rhizosphere, which showed LYGN1 to significantly change the composition and structure of the cucumber and pepper rhizosphere microbial communities. The correlation analysis showed that the Abditibacteriota and Bdellovibrionota had positive effects on seedling growth. The findings of this study provide evidence for the effects of Serratia marcescens LYGN1 on the cucumber and pepper rhizosphere microbial communities, which also promoted seedling quality in plug seedling cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jinxin Peng
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Guifang Feng
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yanhui Shen
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Zhiqun Chen
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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Adamczewska-Sowińska K, Sowiński J, Jamroz E, Bekier J. The effect of peat replacement in horticulture media by willow ( Salix viminalis L.) biomass compost for cucumber transplant production. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1348073. [PMID: 38410732 PMCID: PMC10895287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This research evaluated the usefulness of horticultural substrates prepared on the basis of compost from chipped willow without additives and with the addition of nitrogen and decomposing mycelium of the cellulose-lignin fraction of wood in the cultivation of cucumber seedlings. The produced composts were mixed in different proportions: mixture 1 (W1) - the proportion of compost without additives and compost prepared with the addition of nitrogen and mycelium was in the ratio of 50:50, mixture 2 (W2) - the proportion of compost without additives and compost prepared with the addition of nitrogen and mycelium was in the ratio of 75:25. The starting mixtures were used to prepare horticultural substrates with different components (peat - P, vermicompost - V) and additives: basaltmeal - B, biochar from deciduous wood - C. The components were added in varying proportions. A total of 29 different substrates were subsequently tested in the study. Plant showed that the traits assessed varied to a greater extent under the effect of the test factors than at earlier growth stages. It was demonstrated that cucumber grown on substrates with 75% or 50% willow compost had a unit weight at the same statistical level as when grown on peat substrate (P). The plants with the highest unit weight (8.5- 10.4 g), belonged to the same homogeneous group and derived from sites W1P1B2, W2P1, W1P1B1, W2P2, W1P1C1, P, W1P1, W2B1, W2P2B2. High-quality cucumber transplant should characterise well develop, optimal height-to-stem thickness ratio, short hypocotyl, thick green leaves and cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Józef Sowiński
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Sciences Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Ma M, Yang L, Hu Z, Mo C, Geng S, Zhao X, He Q, Xiao L, Lu L, Wang D, Li S, Kong Q, Li D, Bie Z. Multiplex gene editing reveals cucumber MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O family roles in powdery mildew resistance. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae047. [PMID: 38330431 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most widespread and prevalent diseases that affects a wide range of crops. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), previous forward genetic studies have identified MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O 8 (CsMLO8) as necessary but alone insufficient for cucumber PM resistance, and suggested the involvement of other members of the CsMLO family. However, the function of other CsMLO family members in cucumber remains largely unknown. Here, we developed a highly efficient multiplex gene editing system in cucumber to generate a series of Csmlo mutants from all the 13 family members. Systematic analysis of these mutants revealed growth effects of these CsMLO family members on development and PM resistance. Importantly, we obtained the Csmlo1/8/11 triple mutant with complete resistance to PM. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of PM-resistant Csmlo mutants suggested that the kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (KCBP)-interacting Ca2+-binding protein (CsKIC), calmodulin-like protein 28 (CsCML28) and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 11 (CsCPK11)-mediated calcium signaling pathway is involved in PM resistance. CsMLO8 interacted directly with CsKIC, and the simultaneous silencing of both genes resulted in a phenotype that resembled the silencing of CsKIC alone. Silencing CsCML28 and CsCPK11 increased susceptibility to PM, whereas overexpressing CsCPK11 through genetic transformation enhanced cucumber's PM resistance, demonstrating their positive regulatory roles in PM resistance. Given the importance of PM resistance for cucurbit crops, this research provides unprecedented insights into the function of the proteins encoded by the CsMLO gene family as well as the plant defense response to PM pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenzhu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changjuan Mo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouyu Geng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuyu He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanggui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiusheng Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dawei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Kiryushkin AS, Ilina EL, Kiikova TY, Pawlowski K, Demchenko KN. Do DEEPER ROOTING 1 Homologs Regulate the Lateral Root Slope Angle in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus)? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1975. [PMID: 38396652 PMCID: PMC10888659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the root system is fundamental to plant productivity. The rate of root growth, the density of lateral roots, and the spatial structure of lateral and adventitious roots determine the developmental plasticity of the root system in response to changes in environmental conditions. One of the genes involved in the regulation of the slope angle of lateral roots is DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1). Its orthologs and paralogs have been identified in rice, Arabidopsis, and several other species. However, nothing is known about the formation of the slope angle of lateral roots in species with the initiation of lateral root primordia within the parental root meristem. To address this knowledge gap, we identified orthologs and paralogs of the DRO1 gene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) using a phylogenetic analysis of IGT protein family members. Differences in the transcriptional response of CsDRO1, CsDRO1-LIKE1 (CsDRO1L1), and CsDRO1-LIKE2 (CsDRO1L2) to exogenous auxin were analyzed. The results showed that only CsDRO1L1 is auxin-responsive. An analysis of promoter-reporter fusions demonstrated that the CsDRO1, CsDRO1L1, and CsDRO1L2 genes were expressed in the meristem in cell files of the central cylinder, endodermis, and cortex; the three genes displayed different expression patterns in cucumber roots with only partial overlap. A knockout of individual CsDRO1, CsDRO1L1, and CsDRO1L2 genes was performed via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Our study suggests that the knockout of individual genes does not affect the slope angle formation during lateral root primordia development in the cucumber parental root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Kiryushkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.L.I.)
| | - Elena L. Ilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.L.I.)
| | - Tatyana Y. Kiikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.L.I.)
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirill N. Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.L.I.)
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Jia Y, Kang L, Wu Y, Zhou C, Cai R, Zhang H, Li J, Chen Z, Kang D, Zhang L, Pan C. Nano-selenium foliar intervention-induced resistance of cucumber to Botrytis cinerea by activating jasmonic acid biosynthesis and regulating phenolic acid and cucurbitacin. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:554-568. [PMID: 37733166 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS Botrytis cinerea is the primary disease affecting cucumber production. It can be managed by applying pesticides and cultivating disease-resistant cucumber strains. However, challenges, such as drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and changes in physiological strains, are obstacles in the effective management of B. cinerea. Nano-selenium (Nano-Se) has potential in enhancing crop resistance to biological stress, but the exact mechanism for boosting disease resistance remains unclear. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics to examine how Nano-Se, as an immune activator, induces plant resistance. RESULT Compared with the control group, the application of 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se on the cucumber plant's leaf surface resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll, catalase (10.2%), glutathione (326.6%), glutathione peroxidase (52.2%), cucurbitacin (41.40%), and metabolites associated with the phenylpropane synthesis pathway, as well as the total antioxidant capacity (21.3%). Additionally, the expression levels of jasmonic acid (14.8 times) and related synthetic genes, namely LOX (264.1%), LOX4 (224.1%), and AOC2 (309.2%), were up-regulated. A transcription analysis revealed that the CsaV3_4G002860 gene was up-regulated in the KEGG enrichment pathway in response to B. cinerea infection following the 10.0 mg/L Nano-Se treatment. DISCUSSION In conclusion, the activation of the phenylpropane biosynthesis and branched-chain fatty acid pathways by Nano-Se promotes the accumulation of jasmonic acid and cucurbitacin in cucumber plants. This enhancement enables the plants to exhibit resistance against B. cinerea infections. Additionally, this study identified a potential candidate gene for cucumber resistance to B. cinerea induced by Nano-Se, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for further research in this area. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Cai
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Dexian Kang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Liu L, Chen J, Gu C, Wang S, Xue Y, Wang Z, Han L, Song W, Liu X, Zhang J, Li M, Li C, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhou Z. The exocyst subunit CsExo70B promotes both fruit length and disease resistance via regulating receptor kinase abundance at plasma membrane in cucumber. Plant Biotechnol J 2024; 22:347-362. [PMID: 37795910 PMCID: PMC10826989 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant defence against pathogens generally occurs at the expense of growth and yield. Uncoupling the inverse relationship between growth and defence is of great importance for crop breeding, while the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms remain largely elusive. The exocytosis complex was shown to play an important role in the trafficking of receptor kinases (RKs) to the plasma membrane (PM). Here, we found a Cucumis sativus exocytosis subunit Exo70B (CsExo70B) regulates the abundance of both development and defence RKs at the PM to promote fruit elongation and disease resistance in cucumber. Knockout of CsExo70B resulted in shorter fruit and susceptibility to pathogens. Mechanistically, CsExo70B associates with the developmental RK CsERECTA, which promotes fruit longitudinal growth in cucumber, and contributes to its accumulation at the PM. On the other side, CsExo70B confers to the spectrum resistance to pathogens in cucumber via a similar regulatory module of defence RKs. Moreover, CsExo70B overexpression lines showed an increased fruit yield as well as disease resistance. Collectively, our work reveals a regulatory mechanism that CsExo70B promotes both fruit elongation and disease resistance by maintaining appropriate RK levels at the PM and thus provides a possible strategy for superior cucumber breeding with high yield and robust pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiacai Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chaoheng Gu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yufan Xue
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lijie Han
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya lnstitute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya lnstitute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Sanya lnstitute of China Agricultural UniversitySanyaChina
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11
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Xu Y, Ran S, Li S, Lu J, Huang W, Zheng J, Hou M, Zhong F. Genome-Wide Identification and Abiotic Stress Expression Analysis of CKX and IPT Family Genes in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:422. [PMID: 38337953 PMCID: PMC10856886 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are among the hormones that regulate plants' growth and development, and the CKX and IPT genes, which are CK degradation and biosynthesis genes, respectively, play important roles in fine-tuning plants' cytokinin levels. However, the current research on the function of IPT and CKX in cucumber's growth, development, and response to abiotic stress is not specific enough, and their regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we focused on the IPT and CKX genes in cucumber, analyzed the physiological and biochemical properties of their encoded proteins, and explored their expression patterns in different tissue parts and under low light, salt stress, and drought stress. Eight CsCKX and eight CsIPT genes were identified from the cucumber genome. We constructed a phylogenetic tree from the amino acid sequences and performed prediction analyses of the cis-acting elements of the CsCKX and CsIPT promoters to determine whether CsCKXs and CsIPTs are responsive to light, abiotic stress, and different hormones. We also performed expression analysis of these genes in different tissues, and we found that CsCKXs and CsIPTs were highly expressed in roots and male flowers. Thus, they are involved in the whole growth and development process of the plant. This paper provides a reference for further research on the biological functions of CsIPT and CsCKX in regulating the growth and development of cucumber and its response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Shengxiang Ran
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyang Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Jingyuan Zheng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Maomao Hou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
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12
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Nie W, Gong B, Geng B, Wen D, Qiao P, Guo H, Shi Q. The Effects of Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide on the Germination of Cucumber Seeds under NaHCO 3 Stress. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38337927 PMCID: PMC10856843 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This investigation focused on the suppressive impact of varying NaHCO3 concentrations on cucumber seed germination and the ameliorative effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide (EBR). The findings revealed a negative correlation between NaHCO3 concentration and cucumber seed germination, with increased NaHCO3 concentrations leading to a notable decline in germination. Crucially, the application of exogenous EBR significantly counteracted this inhibition, effectively enhancing germination rates and seed vigor. Exogenous EBR was observed to substantially elevate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), thereby mitigating oxidative damage triggered under NaHCO3 stress conditions. Additionally, EBR improved enzyme activity under alkaline stress conditions and reduced starch content in the seeds. Pertinently, EBR upregulated genes that were associated with gibberellin (GA) synthesis (GA20ox and GA3ox), and downregulated genes that were linked to abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis (NCED1 and NCED2). This led to an elevation in GA3 concentration and a reduction in ABA concentration within the cucumber seeds. Therefore, this study elucidates that alleviating oxidative stress, promoting starch catabolism, and regulating the GA and ABA balance are key mechanisms through which exogenous EBR mitigates the suppression of cucumber seed germination resulting from alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Nie
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Biao Gong
- Stage Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Bing Geng
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Dan Wen
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Peng Qiao
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Hongen Guo
- Yantai Engineering Research Center for Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China; (W.N.)
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Stage Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
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13
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Hu L, Tian J, Zhang F, Song S, Cheng B, Liu G, Liu H, Zhao X, Wang Y, He H. Functional Characterization of CsSWEET5a, a Cucumber Hexose Transporter That Mediates the Hexose Supply for Pollen Development and Rescues Male Fertility in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1332. [PMID: 38279332 PMCID: PMC10816302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollen cells require large amounts of sugars from the anther to support their development, which is critical for plant sexual reproduction and crop yield. Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) have been shown to play an important role in the apoplasmic unloading of sugars from anther tissues into symplasmically isolated developing pollen cells and thereby affect the sugar supply for pollen development. However, among the 17 CsSWEET genes identified in the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genome, the CsSWEET gene involved in this process has not been identified. Here, a member of the SWEET gene family, CsSWEET5a, was identified and characterized. The quantitative real-time PCR and β-glucuronidase expression analysis revealed that CsSWEET5a is highly expressed in the anthers and pollen cells of male cucumber flowers from the microsporocyte stage (stage 9) to the mature pollen stage (stage 12). Its subcellular localization indicated that the CsSWEET5a protein is localized to the plasma membrane. The heterologous expression assays in yeast demonstrated that CsSWEET5a encodes a hexose transporter that can complement both glucose and fructose transport deficiencies. CsSWEET5a can significantly rescue the pollen viability and fertility of atsweet8 mutant Arabidopsis plants. The possible role of CsSWEET5a in supplying hexose to developing pollen cells via the apoplast is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Shuhui Song
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bing Cheng
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guangmin Liu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuezhi Zhao
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongju He
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (L.H.); (S.S.); (B.C.); (G.L.); (H.L.); (X.Z.)
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14
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Zhao L, Fan P, Wang Y, Xu N, Zhang M, Chen M, Zhang M, Dou J, Liu D, Niu H, Zhu H, Hu J, Sun S, Yang L, Yang S. ELONGATED HYPOTCOTYL5 and SPINE BASE SIZE1 together mediate light-regulated spine expansion in cucumber. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae027. [PMID: 38243383 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant trichome development is influenced by diverse developmental and environmental signals, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood in most plant species. Fruit spines (trichomes) are an important trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), as they affect both fruit smoothness and commercial quality. Spine Base Size1 (CsSBS1) has been identified as essential for regulating fruit spine size in cucumber. Here, we discovered that CsSBS1 controls a season-dependent phenotype of spine base size in wild-type plants. Decreased light intensity led to reduced expression of CsSBS1 and smaller spine base size in wild-type plants, but not in the mutants with CsSBS1 deletion. Additionally, knockout of CsSBS1 resulted in smaller fruit spine base size and eliminated the light-induced expansion of spines. Overexpression of CsSBS1 increased spine base size and rescued the decrease in spine base size under low light conditions. Further analysis revealed that ELONGATED HYPOTCOTYL5(HY5), a major transcription factor involved in light signaling pathways, directly binds to the promoter of CsSBS1 and activates its expression. Knockout of CsHY5 led to smaller fruit spine base size and abolished the light-induced expansion of spines. Taken together, our study findings have clarified a CsHY5-CsSBS1 regulatory module that mediates light-regulated spine expansion in cucumber. This finding offers a strategy for cucumber breeders to develop fruit with stable appearance quality under changing light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Pengfei Fan
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Yueling Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Nana Xu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Minjuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Mingyue Chen
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Junling Dou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Dongming Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Huayu Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Jianbin Hu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Shouru Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Luming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Cucurbit Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Henan Province
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15
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Zhu C, Yu H, Lu T, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Q. Deep learning-based association analysis of root image data and cucumber yield. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38193347 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The root system is important for the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Cultivating and selecting a root system architecture (RSA) with good adaptability and ultrahigh productivity have become the primary goals of agricultural improvement. Exploring the correlation between the RSA and crop yield is important for cultivating crop varieties with high-stress resistance and productivity. In this study, 277 cucumber varieties were collected for root system image analysis and yield using germination plates and greenhouse cultivation. Deep learning tools were used to train ResNet50 and U-Net models for image classification and segmentation of seedlings and to perform quality inspection and productivity prediction of cucumber seedling root system images. The results showed that U-Net can automatically extract cucumber root systems with high quality (F1_score ≥ 0.95), and the trained ResNet50 can predict cucumber yield grade through seedling root system image, with the highest F1_score reaching 0.86 using 10-day-old seedlings. The root angle had the strongest correlation with yield, and the shallow- and steep-angle frequencies had significant positive and negative correlations with yield, respectively. RSA and nutrient absorption jointly affected the production capacity of cucumber plants. The germination plate planting method and automated root system segmentation model used in this study are convenient for high-throughput phenotypic (HTP) research on root systems. Moreover, using seedling root system images to predict yield grade provides a new method for rapidly breeding high-yield RSA in crops such as cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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16
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Amani T, Surenthar M, Shanmugam R. Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Cucumis sativus and Citrus macroptera Herbal Formulation: An In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51818. [PMID: 38327926 PMCID: PMC10847068 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The interest in natural remedies is increasing rapidly as they can serve as alternatives to synthetic drugs and reduce their potential side effects. Current research is focused on examining the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of a combination of Cucumis sativus and Citrus macroptera extract in an in-vitro context. The combination of citrus, cucumber, and glycerol extract could serve as an effective alternative to synthetic antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs and lower the side effects of the available synthetic drugs. This extract can be used to treat potentially malignant oral disorders like oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral lichen planus, which are attributed to its antioxidant properties. Aim To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of formulation of C. sativus, C. macroptera, and glycerol extract. Materials and methods The cucumber and citrus fruits were separated, cleaned, and dried. The cucumber was then peeled, its seeds cleaned, and the pulp cut into pieces. Using a laboratory mortar and pestle, a 5 ml extract was prepared. The citrus fruit was cut in half, its seeds were removed, and a 5 ml extract was prepared from their pulp only. These two extracts were combined to form a 10 ml extract solution with 8 ml of glycerol. The extracts were combined, shaken for 24 hours, filtered, and stored at 4°C. Assays like the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) assay, Bovine serum albumin (BSA) assay, and Egg albumin (EA) denaturation assay were performed to assess their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Results The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the extract showed comparable activity (percentage of inhibition: 76% in BSA and EA assays; 90% in DPPH and H2O2 assays) to that of the standard values (percentage of inhibition: 78% in BSA and EA assays; 92% in DPPH and H2O2 assays) at concentrations 30, 40, and 50 µl in the BSA assay, EA assay, DPPH, and H2O2 assay. The maximum concentration at which the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were appreciable was 50 µl in all assays. Conclusion This study concluded that the combination of cucumber, citrus, and glycerol extract could serve as an effective alternative to synthetic antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs currently available. These extracts can provide a promising solution in the field of drug development for treating lesions caused by free radicals and oxidative stress in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turaga Amani
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Mouttoukichenin Surenthar
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Zhang LN, Jiang CH, Si F, Song N, Yang W, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Guo JH. Long-Term Field Application of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterial Consortium Suppressed Root-Knot Disease by Shaping the Rhizosphere Microbiota. Plant Dis 2024; 108:94-103. [PMID: 37467122 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2196-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes, infecting almost all cultivated plants and resulting in severe yield losses every year. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively used to prevent and control root-knot diseases and increase yield. In this study, the effect of a consortium of three PGPR strains (Bacillus cereus AR156, B. subtilis SM21, and Serratia sp. XY21; hereafter "BBS") on root-knot disease of cucumber was evaluated. The application of BBS significantly reduced the severity of root-knot disease by 56 to 72%, increased yield by 36 to 55%, and improved fruit quality by 14 to 90% and soil properties by 1 to 90% relative to the control in the cucumber fields of the Nanjing suburb, Jiangsu Province, from 2015 to 2018. BBS altered the rhizosphere bacterial community. Compared with the control group, it significantly (false discovery rate, P < 0.05) increased the abundance of 14 bacterial genera that were negatively correlated with disease severity. Additionally, the redundancy analysis suggested that BBS-treated rhizosphere soil samples were dominated by disease-suppressive bacteria, including the genera Iamia, Kutzneria, Salinibacterium, Mycobacterium, Kribbella, Pseudonocardia, Sporichthya, Sphaerisporangium, Actinomadura, Flavisolibacter, Phenylobacterium, Bosea, Hyphomicrobium, Agrobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Nannocystis, which were positively related to total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total organic matter, dissolved organic carbon, [Formula: see text]-N, and available phosphorus contents. This suggests that BBS suppresses root-knot nematodes and improves the soil chemical properties of cucumber by altering the rhizosphere microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangjie Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ning Song
- Nanjing Planck Technology and Trade Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yanze Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Gu J, Chen C, Liu J, Zhang Z, Hua B, Miao M. The Sink-Source Relationship in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Is Modulated by DNA Methylation. Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:103. [PMID: 38202411 PMCID: PMC10780960 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The optimization of the sink-source relationship is of great importance for crop yield regulation. Cucumber is a typical raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO)-transporting crop. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification in plants, but its role in sink-source regulation has not been demonstrated in RFO-translocating species. Here, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS-seq) was conducted to compare the nonfruiting-node leaves (NFNLs) and leaves of fruit setting (FNLs) at the 12th node by removing all female flowers in other nodes of the two treatments. We found considerable differentially methylated genes enriched in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic processes. Comparative transcriptome analysis between FNLs and NFNLs indicated that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with differentially methylated regions were involved in auxin, ethylene and brassinolide metabolism; sucrose metabolism; and RFO synthesis pathways related to sink-source regulation. Moreover, DNA methylation levels of six sink-source-related genes in the pathways mentioned above decreased in leaves after 5-aza-dC-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) treatment on FNLs, and stachyose synthase (CsSTS) gene expression, enzyme activity and stachyose content in RFO synthesis pathway were upregulated, thereby increasing fruit length and dry weight. Taken together, our findings proposed an up-to-date inference for the potential role of DNA methylation in the sink-source relationship, which will provide important references for further exploring the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation in improving the yield of RFO transport plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226541, China;
| | - Jiawen Gu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
| | - Jiexia Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
| | - Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.G.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (Z.Z.); (B.H.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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19
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Liu K, Xu H, Gao X, Lu Y, Wang L, Ren Z, Chen C. Pan-Genome Analysis of TIFY Gene Family and Functional Analysis of CsTIFY Genes in Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:185. [PMID: 38203357 PMCID: PMC10778933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucumbers are frequently affected by gray mold pathogen Botrytis cinerea, a pathogen that causes inhibited growth and reduced yield. Jasmonic acid (JA) plays a primary role in plant responses to biotic stresses, and the jasmonate-ZIM-Domain (JAZ) proteins are key regulators of the JA signaling pathway. In this study, we used the pan-genome of twelve cucumber varieties to identify cucumber TIFY genes. Our findings revealed that two CsTIFY genes were present in all twelve cucumber varieties and showed no differences in protein sequence, gene structure, and motif composition. This suggests their evolutionary conservation across different cucumber varieties and implies that they may play a crucial role in cucumber growth. On the other hand, the other fourteen CsTIFY genes exhibited variations in protein sequence and gene structure or conserved motifs, which could be the result of divergent evolution, as these genes adapt to different cultivation and environmental conditions. Analysis of the expression profiles of the CsTIFY genes showed differential regulation by B. cinerea. Transient transfection plants overexpressing CsJAZ2, CsJAZ6, or CsZML2 were found to be more susceptible to B. cinerea infection compared to control plants. Furthermore, these plants infected by the pathogen showed lower levels of the enzymatic activities of POD, SOD and CAT. Importantly, after B. cinerea infection, the content of JA was upregulated in the plants, and cucumber cotyledons pretreated with exogenous MeJA displayed increased resistance to B. cinerea infection compared to those pretreated with water. Therefore, this study explored key TIFY genes in the regulation of cucumber growth and adaptability to different cultivation environments based on bioinformatics analysis and demonstrated that CsJAZs negatively regulate cucumber disease resistance to gray mold via multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.L.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Haiyu Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.L.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Xinbin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A and F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Yinghao Lu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.L.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.L.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.L.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (K.L.); (H.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
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20
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Yin S, Zhao L, Liu J, Sun Y, Li B, Wang L, Ren Z, Chen C. Pan-genome Analysis of WOX Gene Family and Function Exploration of CsWOX9 in Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17568. [PMID: 38139397 PMCID: PMC10743939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber is an economically important vegetable crop, and the warts (composed of spines and Tubercules) of cucumber fruit are an important quality trait that influences its commercial value. WOX transcription factors are known to have pivotal roles in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, but their studies in cucumber are limited. Here, genome-wide identification of cucumber WOX genes was performed using the pan-genome analysis of 12 cucumber varieties. Our findings revealed diverse CsWOX genes in different cucumber varieties, with variations observed in protein sequences and lengths, gene structure, and conserved protein domains, possibly resulting from the divergent evolution of CsWOX genes as they adapt to diverse cultivation and environmental conditions. Expression profiles of the CsWOX genes demonstrated that CsWOX9 was significantly expressed in unexpanded ovaries, especially in the epidermis. Additionally, analysis of the CsWOX9 promoter revealed two binding sites for the C2H2 zinc finger protein. We successfully executed a yeast one-hybrid assay (Y1H) and a dual-luciferase (LUC) transaction assay to demonstrate that CsWOX9 can be transcriptionally activated by the C2H2 zinc finger protein Tu, which is crucial for fruit Tubercule formation in cucumber. Overall, our results indicated that CsWOX9 is a key component of the molecular network that regulates wart formation in cucumber fruits, and provide further insight into the function of CsWOX genes in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Yanjie Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Bohong Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
| | - Chunhua Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.S.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (Z.R.)
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21
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Wang X, An K, Guo Y, Li Q, Liu T, Liu Y, Feng X. Uptake, Translocation, and Subcellular Distribution of Strobilurin Fungicides in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativa L.). J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:19324-19332. [PMID: 38019973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The absorption, transport, and subcellular distribution of strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) have been studied in cucumbers. Under hydroponic laboratory conditions, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin mainly accumulated in cucumber roots whereas azoxystrobin accumulated in cucumber leaves. In the subcellular distribution experiment, azoxystrobin mainly accumulated as a soluble component. Pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin accumulated more in the organelles and cell walls. Azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin enter the root primarily through the apoplast pathway, whereas trifloxystrobin enters the root through the symplastic pathway. Azoxystrobin can be transported in cucumber through anion and cation channels, whereas pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin can be transported only through anion channels. This study has great significance in evaluating environmental risks and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Kai An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Yajing Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
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Trinh QP, Le TML, Nguyen TD, Nguyen HT. Morphologic, Morphometric, and Molecular Characterization of Vietnamese Populations of Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3693-3700. [PMID: 37415354 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0818-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is considered the most damaging and common root-knot nematode to numerous host plants worldwide. During a survey of nematodes in Vietnam, 1,106 samples from 22 different plant species were collected. M. incognita was recorded on 13 of the 22 host plants. Four populations of M. incognita from four host plants were chosen for comparison and confirmation of their morphologic, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. Genetically based phylogenetic trees were constructed to show relationships among root-knot nematodes. Molecular barcodes of four gene regions, ITS, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, COI, and Nad5 mtDNA, integrated with morphologic and morphometric data were used as reliable references for molecular identification of M. incognita. Our analyses indicated that tropical root-knot nematodes are very similar in characterization of ITS, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, and COI regions. However, these gene regions can be used to separate the tropical root-knot nematode group from other groups. On the other hand, the analysis of Nad5 mtDNA and multiplex-PCR with specific primers can be used to distinguish tropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Phap Trinh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Mai Linh Le
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Duyen Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Tien Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
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23
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Dong S, Li C, Tian H, Wang W, Yang X, Beckles DM, Liu X, Guan J, Gu X, Sun J, Miao H, Zhang S. Natural variation in STAYGREEN contributes to low-temperature tolerance in cucumber. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:2552-2568. [PMID: 37811725 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature (LT) stress threatens cucumber production globally; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying LT tolerance in cucumber remain largely unknown. Here, using a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we found a naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the STAYGREEN (CsSGR) coding region at the gLTT5.1 locus associated with LT tolerance. Knockout mutants of CsSGR generated by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 exhibit enhanced LT tolerance, in particularly, increased chlorophyll (Chl) content and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in response to LT. Moreover, the C-repeat Binding Factor 1 (CsCBF1) transcription factor can directly activate the expression of CsSGR. We demonstrate that the LT-sensitive haplotype CsSGRHapA , but not the LT-tolerant haplotype CsSGRHapG could interact with NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (CsNYC1) to mediate Chl degradation. Geographic distribution of the CsSGR haplotypes indicated that the CsSGRHapG was selected in cucumber accessions from high latitudes, potentially contributing to LT tolerance during cucumber cold-adaptation in these regions. CsSGR mutants also showed enhanced tolerance to salinity, water deficit, and Pseudoperonospora cubensis, thus CsSGR is an elite target gene for breeding cucumber varieties with broad-spectrum stress tolerance. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into LT tolerance and will ultimately facilitate cucumber molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Caixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haojie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiantao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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24
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Kim JY, Kang HW. β-Aminobutyric Acid and Powdery Mildew Infection Enhanced the Activation of Defense-Related Genes and Salicylic Acid in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2087. [PMID: 38003030 PMCID: PMC10671336 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew disease, caused by Sphaerotheca fusca, is a major disease affecting cucumbers cultivated in greenhouses. This study was conducted to find defense genes induced by β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and powdery mildew in cucumber. Disease severities of 25% and 5% were exhibited by the 2000 and 5000 mg/L BABA-treated cucumber, respectively. BABA did not affect the spore germination of the powdery mildew pathogen, showing that BABA is not an antifungal agent against the pathogen. In quantitative real-time PCR analysis, BABA-treated cucumber upregulated the transcriptional levels of the defense genes CsPAL, CsPR3, CsPR1, CsLOX1, CsLOX23, Cs LecRK6.1, CsWRKY20, and Cupi4 in cucumber to maximum levels at 48 h, whereas CsLecRK6.1 reached maximum expression after 24 h, and further, salicylic acid (SA) levels were significantly increased in BABA-treated cucumber plants. In addition, the cucumber infected with powdery mildew underwent a 1.6- to 47.3-fold enhancement in the defense genes PAL, PR3, PR1, Lox1, Lox 23, LecRK6.1, WRKY20, and Cupi4 compared to heathy cucumber. These results suggest that the BABA-induced defense response is associated with SA signaling pathway-dependent systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in cucumber, which is involved in plant resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Yoon Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Wan Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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Yang D, Li Y, Zhu M, Cui R, Gao J, Shu Y, Lu X, Zhang H, Zhang K. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Cucumber FKBP Gene Family in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2006. [PMID: 38002948 PMCID: PMC10671320 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The FKBP (FK506-binding protein) gene family is an important member of the PPlase protease family and plays a vital role during the processes of plant growth and development. However, no studies of the FKBP gene family have been reported in cucumber. In this study, 19 FKBP genes were identified in cucumber, which were located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Phylogenetic analysis divided the cucumber FKBP genes into three subgroups. The FKBP genes in the same subgroup exhibited similar structures and conserved motifs. The cis-acting elements analysis revealed that the promoters of cucumber FKBP genes contained hormone-, stress-, and development-related cis-acting elements. Synteny analysis of the FKBP genes among cucumber, Arabidopsis, and rice showed that 12 kinds of syntenic relationships were detected between cucumber and Arabidopsis FKBP genes, and 3 kinds of syntenic relationships were observed between cucumber and rice FKBP genes. The tissue-specific expression analysis showed that some FKBP genes were expressed in all tissues, while others were only highly expressed in part of the 10 types of tissues. The expression profile analysis of cucumber FKBP genes under 13 types of stresses showed that the CsaV3_1G007080 gene was differentially expressed under abiotic stresses (high temperature, NaCl, silicon, and photoperiod) and biotic stresses (downy mildew, green mottle mosaic virus, Fusarium wilt, phytophthora capsica, angular leaf spot, and root-knot nematode), which indicated that the CsaV3_1G007080 gene plays an important role in the growth and development of cucumber. The interaction protein analysis showed that most of the proteins in the FKBP gene family interacted with each other. The results of this study will lay the foundation for further research on the molecular biological functions of the cucumber FKBP gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekun Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Yahui Li
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China;
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Rongjing Cui
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiong Gao
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Yingjie Shu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China;
| | - Kaijing Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (D.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.C.); (J.G.); (Y.S.); (X.L.)
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Xaxiri E, Darivakis E, Karavidas I, Ntatsi G, Savvas D. Comparing the Nutritional Needs of Two Solanaceae and One Cucurbitaceae Species Grown Hydroponically under the Same Cropping Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3642. [PMID: 37896104 PMCID: PMC10609768 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Switching over to closed-loop soilless culture systems, thus preventing pollution of water resources by nitrates and saving water and fertilizers, requires accurate estimations of the mean nutrient-to-water uptake ratios. To contribute to this objective, three fruit vegetable species (tomato, eggplant, cucumber) were grown hydroponically in a floating system under identical cropping conditions to quantify species differences in nutrient uptake. The composition of the nutrient solution used to feed the crops was identical for all species. The total water consumption and the concentrations of most nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) in the nutrient solution and the plant tissues were measured at crop establishment and at two different crop developmental stages. The obtained data were used to determine the uptake concentrations (UCs) using two mass balance models, one based on nutrient removal from the nutrient solution and a second based on nutrient recovery in the plant tissues. The experiment was conducted in the spring-summer season. The results revealed that the nutrient uptake concentrations were substantially different between species for all nutrients except for N, while there were also significant interactions between the two methods used for their estimation of some nutrients. Thus, the UCs of N, P, Ca, and some micronutrients were significantly higher when its estimation was based on the removal of nutrients from the nutrient solution compared to recovery from plant tissues, presumably because with the first method, losses due to denitrification or precipitation could not be separated from those of plant uptake. The comparison of the three greenhouse vegetables revealed a similar UC for nitrogen, while cucumber generally showed significantly lower UCs for P and for the micronutrients Fe, Zn, and Cu at both cropping stages compared to the two Solanaceae species. The obtained results can be used to precisely adjust the nutrient supply in closed-loop soilless cultivations to the plant uptake thus avoiding both depletion and accumulation of nutrients in the root environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Savvas
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (E.X.); (E.D.); (I.K.); (G.N.)
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Qu S, Li H, Zhang X, Gao J, Ma R, Ma L, Ma J. Effects of Magnesium Imbalance on Root Growth and Nutrient Absorption in Different Genotypes of Vegetable Crops. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3518. [PMID: 37895981 PMCID: PMC10610338 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in crop growth, but how Mg supply level affects root growth and nutrient absorption in vegetable crops with different genotypes has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crops to different levels of Mg supply were explored. Four levels of Mg treatment (i.e., 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mmol/L) were applied under hydroponic conditions, denoted as Mg0.2, Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3, respectively. The results showed that with increasing Mg levels, the plant biomass, root growth, and nutrient accumulation in both vegetable crops all increased until reaching their maximum values under the Mg2 treatment and then decreased. The total biomass per tomato plant of Mg2 treatment was 30.9%, 14.0%, and 14.0% higher than that of Mg0.2, Mg1, and Mg3 treatments, respectively, and greater increases were observed in cucumber plant biomass (by 54.3%, 17.4%, and 19.9%, respectively). Compared with the Mg0.2 treatment, the potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) contents in various plant parts of both crops remarkably decreased under the Mg3 treatment. This change was accompanied by prominently increased Mg contents in various plant parts and para-hydroxybenzoic acid and oxalic acid contents in root exudates. Irrespective of Mg level, plant biomass, root growth, nutrient accumulation, and root exudation of organic acids were all higher in tomato plants than in cucumber plants. Our findings indicate that excessive Mg supply promotes the roots to exude phenolic acids and hinders the plants from absorbing K and Ca in different genotypes of vegetable crops despite no effect on Mg absorption. A nutritional deficiency of Mg stimulates root exudation of organic acids and increases the types of exuded organic acids, which could facilitate plant adaption to Mg stress. In terms of root growth and nutrient absorption, tomato plants outperform cucumber plants under low and medium Mg levels, but the latter crop is more tolerant to Mg excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Xueke Zhang
- College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Jingbo Gao
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China;
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
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Gao L, Cao J, Gong S, Hao N, Du Y, Wang C, Wu T. The COPII subunit CsSEC23 mediates fruit glossiness in cucumber. Plant J 2023; 116:524-540. [PMID: 37460197 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying cucumber glossiness regulation, a novel cucumber mutant with a glossy peel (Csgp) was identified. MutMap, genotyping, and gene editing results demonstrated that CsSEC23, which is the core component of COPII vesicles, mediates the glossiness of cucumber fruit peel. CsSEC23 is functionally conserved and located in the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. CsSEC23 could interact with CsSEC31, but this interaction was absent in the Csgp mutant, which decreased the efficiency of COPII vesicle transportation. Genes related to wax and cutin transport were upregulated in the Csgp mutant, and the cuticle structure of the Csgp-mutant peel became thinner. Moreover, the wax and cutin contents were also changed due to CsSEC23 mutation. Taken together, the results obtained from this study revealed that CsSEC23 mediates cucumber glossiness, and this mediating might be affected by COPII vesicle transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiajian Cao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Siyu Gong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops (vegetables, tea, etc.), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha, 410128, China
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha, 410128, China
- Whampoa Innovation Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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Hua B, Liang F, Zhang W, Qiao D, Wang P, Teng H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Miao M. The Potential Role of bZIP55/65 in Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Cucumber Is Revealed via bZIP Gene Family Characterization. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3228. [PMID: 37765392 PMCID: PMC10537890 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The bZIP (basic leucine zipper) proteins play crucial roles in various biological functions. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth, especially in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) due to its shallow roots. However, the regulation of bZIP genes in cucumber nitrogen metabolism has not been studied yet. In this study, we identified a total of 72 bZIP genes (CsbZIPs) in the cucumber genome that could be classified into 13 groups. These genes were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes, and synteny analysis showed that the CsbZIP genes were expanded in a segmentally duplicating manner. Furthermore, our genome-wide expression analysis suggested that CsbZIP genes had different patterns and that five CsbZIP genes were regulated by nitrogen treatment in both leaves and roots. Consistent with CsNPF, CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 were regulated by nitrogen treatment in leaves and roots. Moreover, the subcellular localization showed that CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 were specifically located in the nucleus, and the transcriptional activation assay showed that CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 have transcriptional activation activity. Additionally, in the CsbZIP55 and CsbZIP65 overexpression plants, most nitrogen-regulated CsNPF genes were downregulated. Taken together, our comprehensive analysis of the bZIP gene family lays a foundation for understanding the molecular and physiological functions of CsbZIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hua
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Fei Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Dan Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Peiqi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Haofeng Teng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiexia Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (B.H.); (F.L.); (W.Z.); (D.Q.); (P.W.); (H.T.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Lin H, Wen W, Li Z, Liu S, Yang Y, Liu L, Shao H, Guo Y, Zhang Y. Dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of spinosad, thiocyclam, and its metabolite nereistoxin in cucumber and groundwater for different population groups. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5659. [PMID: 37081728 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of spinosad (spinosyn A + spinosyn D), thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in cucumber was developed with mean recoveries of 93-104%, relative standard deviations of ≤9%, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/kg. Field trials of spinosad and thiocyclam were performed in 12 representative cultivating areas in China. Field trial results indicate that spinosyn A and spinosyn D easily dissipated in cucumber with half-lives of 2.48-6.24 and <3 days, respectively. Nereistoxin was produced after thiocyclam application and was more persistent than its parent. The terminal residues of spinosad were all below the maximum residue limits (0.2 mg/kg) in China, whereas the terminal concentration of nereistoxin (calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of thiocyclam), which was much higher than that of thiocyclam, was far beyond the maximum residue limits of thiocyclam in cucumber (0.01 mg/kg) established by the European Union. The predicted no-effect concentrations of spinosyn A, spinosyn D, thiocyclam, and nereistoxin leaching into groundwater were estimated using China-PEARL (Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales) models after application. However, the dietary (food and water) exposure risk quotient for different populations was below 1 with a preharvest interval set at 5 days after the last application, indicating that the application of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber was unlikely to pose unacceptable risk for human health. This study provides data for the safe use of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Lin
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanting Wen
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanping Yang
- Center of Eco-environmental Monitoring and Scientific Research, Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongze Guo
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Qi C, Xv L, Xia W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Dai H, Miao M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Patterns of Cucumber Invertases and Their Inhibitor Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13421. [PMID: 37686228 PMCID: PMC10487868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertases and their inhibitors play important roles in sucrose metabolism, growth and development, signal transduction, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in many plant species. However, in cucumber, both the gene members and functions of invertase and its inhibitor families remain largely unclear. In this study, in comparison with the orthologues of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Cucumis melo (melon), and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), 12 invertase genes and 12 invertase inhibitor genes were identified from the genome of Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Among them, the 12 invertase genes were classified as 4 cell wall invertases, 6 cytoplasmic invertases, and 2 vacuolar invertases. Most invertase genes were conserved in cucumber, melon, and watermelon, with several duplicate genes in melon and watermelon. Transcriptome analysis distinguished these genes into various expression patterns, which included genes CsaV3_2G025540 and CsaV3_2G007220, which were significantly expressed in different tissues, organs, and development stages, and genes CsaV3_7G034730 and CsaV3_5G005910, which might be involved in biotic and abiotic stress. Six genes were further validated in cucumber based on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and three of them showed consistent expression patterns as revealed in the transcriptome. These results provide important information for further studies on the physiological functions of cucumber invertases (CSINVs) and their inhibitors (CSINHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenze Qi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Liyun Xv
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Wenhao Xia
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Yunyi Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Yudan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Haibo Dai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
| | - Minmin Miao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Q.); (L.X.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.D.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, The Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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García-Espinoza F, García MJ, Quesada-Moraga E, Yousef-Yousef M. Entomopathogenic Fungus-Related Priming Defense Mechanisms in Cucurbits Impact Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) Fitness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0094023. [PMID: 37439674 PMCID: PMC10467339 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00940-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) exhibit direct and indirect mechanisms to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant responses to these stresses are interconnected by common regulators such as ethylene (ET), which is involved in both iron (Fe) deficiency and induced systemic resistance responses. In this work, the roots of cucurbit seedlings were primed with Metarhizium brunneum (EAMa 01/58-Su strain), and relative expression levels of 18 genes related to ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, as well as pathogen-related (PR) protein genes, were studied by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Effects of priming on Spodoptera littoralis were studied by feeding larvae for 15 days with primed and control plants. Genes showed upregulation in studied species; however, the highest relative expression was observed in roots and shoots of plants with Fe deficiency, demonstrating the complexity and the overlapping degree of the regulatory network. EIN2 and EIN3 should be highlighted; both are key genes of the ET transduction pathway that enhanced their expression levels up to eight and four times, respectively, in shoots of primed cucumber. Also, JA and SA synthesis and PR genes showed significant upregulation during the observation period (e.g., the JA gene LOX1 increased 506 times). Survival and fitness of S. littoralis were affected with significant effects on mortality of larvae fed on primed plants versus controls, length of the larval stage, pupal weight, and the percentage of abnormal pupae. These results highlight the role of the EAMa 01/58-Su strain in the induction of resistance, which could be translated into direct benefits for plant development. IMPORTANCE Entomopathogenic fungi are multipurpose microorganisms with direct and indirect effects on insect pests. Also, EPF provide multiple benefits to plants by solubilizing minerals and facilitating nutrient acquisition. A very interesting and novel effect of these fungi is the enhancement of plant defense systems by inducing systematic and acquired resistance. However, little is known about this function. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms involved in cucurbits plants' defense activation after being primed by the EPF M. brunneum. Furthermore, the subsequent effects on the fitness of the lepidopteran pest S. littoralis are shown. In this regard, a significant upregulation was recorded for the genes that regulate JA, SA, and ET pathways. This increased expression of defense genes caused lethal and sublethal effects on S. littoralis. This could be considered an added value for the implementation of EPF in integrated pest management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. García-Espinoza
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Parasitología. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro – Unidad Laguna, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - M. J. García
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E. Quesada-Moraga
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. Yousef-Yousef
- Departamento de Agronomía (DAUCO) María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2021–2023, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Xing Y, Cao Y, Ma Y, Wang F, Xin S, Zhu W. QTL mapping and transcriptomic analysis of fruit length in cucumber. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1208675. [PMID: 37670860 PMCID: PMC10475832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1208675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 151 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were derived from the cross between 'Cucumis sativus L. hardwickii' (HW) and a cultivated Northern Chinese inbred line 'XinTaiMiCi' (XTMC). We used resequencing to construct the genetic map and analyze the genetic background of RIL population, and combined with the phenotypes of RIL population and the analysis of RNA-seq data, we located the major loci controlling the fruit length of cucumber and related analysis. A genetic map containing 600 bin markers was constructed via re-sequencing. Based on the phenotype data collected in two different seasons (spring 2021 and autumn 2022), the major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling cucumber fruit length were located and their transcriptomic analysis carried out. The results revealed three QTLs (Fl2.1, Fl4.1, and Fl6.1) detected repeatedly in the two seasons, of which Fl4.1 was the dominant QTL. From the functional annotation of corresponding genes there, we discovered the gene Csa4G337340 encoding an auxin efflux carrier family protein. The expression of that gene was significantly lower in XTMC and the long-fruit RIL lines than in HW and the short-fruit RIL lines; hence, we speculated the gene could be negatively correlated with the fruit length of cucumber. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 259 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. In addition, among those DEGs, 509 transcription factors were detected, these distributed in several transcription factor gene families, such as bHLH, AP2/ErF -ERF, C2H2, and NAC. Therefore, we concluded that the major gene controlling the fruit length of cucumber is located in the interval of Fl4.1, whose gene Csa4G337340 may be involved in the negative regulation of fruit length. Further, genes related to plant hormone signal transduction and several transcription factors were also found involved in the regulation of cucumber fruit length. Our results provide a reference for the fine mapping of major genes and analyzing the mechanism of cucumber fruit length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xing
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Yantai Yeda Investment Development Group Co., Ltd, Yantai, China
| | - Wenying Zhu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
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Wang Y, Cao R, Yang L, Duan X, Zhang C, Yu X, Ye X. Transcriptome Analyses Revealed the Wax and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathways Related to Disease Resistance in Rootstock-Grafted Cucumber. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2963. [PMID: 37631174 PMCID: PMC10458401 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) are a global popular vegetable and are widely planted worldwide. However, cucumbers are susceptible to various infectious diseases such as Fusarium and Verticillium wilt, downy and powdery mildew, and bacterial soft rot, which results in substantial economic losses. Grafting is an effective approach widely used to control these diseases. The present study investigated the role of wax and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in black-seed pumpkin rootstock-grafted cucumbers. Our results showed that grafted cucumbers had a significantly higher cuticular wax contents on the fruit surface than that of self-rooted cucumbers at all stages observed. A total of 1132 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in grafted cucumbers compared with self-rooted cucumbers. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, plant circadian rhythm, zeatin biosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched. In this study, 1 and 13 genes involved in wax biosynthesis and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, respectively, were up-regulated in grafted cucumbers. Our data indicated that the up-regulated genes in the wax and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways may contribute to disease resistance in rootstock-grafted cucumbers, which provides promising targets for enhancing disease resistance in cucumbers by genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xueling Ye
- Collage of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road Shenhe District, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.W.); (R.C.); (L.Y.); (X.D.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.)
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Li L, Du L, Cao Q, Yang Z, Liu Y, Yang H, Duan X, Meng Z. Salt Tolerance Evaluation of Cucumber Germplasm under Sodium Chloride Stress. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2927. [PMID: 37631139 PMCID: PMC10459999 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) in the surface soil are the major limiting factors in coastal areas of Shandong Province in China. Therefore, to understand the mechanism used by cucumber to adapt to sodium chloride (NaCl), we analyzed the phenotypic and physiological indicators of eighteen cucumber germplasms after three days under 100 and 150 mM NaCl treatment. A cluster analysis revealed that eighteen germplasms could be divided into five groups based on their physiological indicators. The first three groups consisted of seven salt-tolerant and medium salt-tolerant germplasms, including HLT1128h, Zhenni, and MC2065. The two remaining groups consisted of five medium salt-sensitive germplasms, including DM26h and M1-2-h-10, and six salt-sensitive germplasms including M1XT and 228. A principal component analysis revealed that the trend of comprehensive scores was consistent with the segmental cluster analysis and survival rates of cucumber seedlings. Overall, the phenotype, comprehensive survival rate, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis revealed that the salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive germplasms were Zhenni, F11-15, MC2065, M1XT, M1-2-h-10, and DM26h. The results of this study will provide references to identify or screen salt-tolerant cucumber germplasms and lay a foundation for breeding salt-tolerant cucumber varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Li
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| | - Lianda Du
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qiwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| | - Zonghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
| | - Yihan Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Duan
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaojuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology of Shandong Province, Vegetable Science Observation and Experiment Station in Huang—Huai Region of Ministry of Agriculture (Shandong), Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China (Q.C.)
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Liu XR, Rong ZY, Tian X, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Zou YN, Wu QS. Mycorrhizal Fungal Effects on Plant Growth, Osmolytes, and CsHsp70s and CsPIPs Expression in Leaves of Cucumber under a Short-Term Heat Stress. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2917. [PMID: 37631129 PMCID: PMC10458863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance plant stress tolerance, but it is unclear whether AM fungi affect heat tolerance in cucumbers. This study aimed to analyze how an AM fungus, Diversispora versiformis, affected growth, chlorophyll, five osmolytes, and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene expression in cucumber leaves after a short-term (80 h) heat stress. Heat treatment significantly reduced root AM fungal colonization rate (0.26 folds). Heat treatment also distinctly suppressed plant height, stem diameter, and biomass, whereas AM fungal inoculation improved these growth variables as well as the chlorophyll index, with the benefit being more obvious under heat than under no-heat stress conditions. Heat treatment triggered differential changes in osmolytes (sucrose, fructose, and betaine) of inoculated and uninoculated cucumbers, whereas inoculation with AM fungus significantly raised leaf sucrose, fructose, glucose, betaine, and proline levels when compared to non-AM fungal inoculation. Heat treatment increased the expression of two (CsPIP1;6 and CsPIP2;1) of eight CsPIPs in inoculated and uninoculated plants, whereas AM fungal inoculation up-regulated the expression of CsPIP1;6, CsPIP2;1, and CsPIP2;6 under heat stress conditions. Hsp70s expressed differently in inoculated and uninoculated plants under heat versus no-heat stress, with 6 of 11 CsHsp70s down-regulated in inoculated plants. Under heat stress conditions, AM fungus only up-regulated CsHsp70-8 expression in 11 Hsp70s, while another eight CsHsp70s were down-regulated. Heat treatment and AM fungal inoculation both increased the expression of CsHsp70-8 and CsPIP1;6. It was concluded that AM fungus-inoculated cucumbers have high levels of growth, chlorophyll, and osmolytes under heat stress and do not require high CsPIPs and CsHsp70s expression to tolerate a short-term heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Zi-Yi Rong
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Xiao Tian
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-R.L.)
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Liu X, Shi R, Gao M, He R, Li Y, Liu H. Growth of tomato and cucumber seedlings under different light environments and their development after transplanting. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1164768. [PMID: 37546262 PMCID: PMC10400448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Selecting suitable light conditions according to the plant growth characteristics is one of the important approaches to cultivating high-quality vegetable seedlings. To determine the more favorable LED light conditions for producing high-quality tomato and cucumber seedlings in plant factories with artificial light (PFALS), the growth characteristics of tomato and cucumber seedlings under seven LED light environments (CK, B, UV-A, FR, B+UV-A, UV-A+FR, and B+FR) and the development of these seedlings after transplanting into a plastic greenhouse were investigated. The results showed that the seedling height and hypocotyl length increased in treatments with far-red light supplementation (FR, UV-A+FR, and B+FR), but decreased in the B treatment, in both varieties. The seedling index of tomato seedlings increased in the B+UV-A treatment, while that of cucumber seedlings increased in the FR treatment. After transplanting into a plastic greenhouse, tomato plants that radiated with UV-A had greater flower numbers on the 15th day after transplanting. In cucumber plants of the FR treatment, the flowering time was significantly delayed, and the female flower exhibited at a lower node position. By using a comprehensive scoring analysis of all detected indicators, light environments with UV-A and FR were more beneficial for improving the overall quality of tomato and cucumber seedlings, respectively.
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Zhu L, Liang A, Wang R, Shi Y, Li J, Wang R, Wang M, Guo S. Harnessing nitrate over ammonium to sustain soil health during monocropping. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1190929. [PMID: 37528978 PMCID: PMC10389047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1190929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In achieving food security and sustainable agricultural development, improving and maintaining soil health is considered as a key driving factor. The improvement based on different forms of nitrogen fertilization has aroused great public interest in improving and restoring monocropping obstacles for specific soil problems. Methods For this, a short-term cucumber cropping field experiment was conducted in the subtropical region of China under four fertilization treatments: ammonium (AN), nitrate (NN), ammonium with dicyandiamide (AN+DCD), nitrate with dicyandiamide (NN+DCD). In this study, we measured the effects of nitrogen forms addition on plant productivity and soil health in a monocropping system over seven seasons. Results To systematically evaluate soil health, a wide range of soil environmental factors were measured and incorporated into the soil health index (SHI) by entropy method. Compared with ammonium treatment (SHIAN = 0.059, SHIAN+DCD = 0.081), the positive effect of nitrate was mainly reflected in improving soil health (SHINN = 0.097, SHINN+DCD = 0.094), which was positively correlated with the increase in plant productivity of cucumber after seven seasons of monocropping. The most critical factor affecting SHI is soil ammonium nitrogen content, which was negatively correlated with plant productivity. Discussion Nitrate promotes soil health and plant productivity by optimizing soil environmental factors. The study thus emphasized the necessity of nitrate input for the sustenance of soil-crop ecosystems, with the consequent possibility of application of the results in planning monoculture obstacle prevention and management measures.
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Hong Z, Wang X, Yang A, Yan G, He Y, Zhu Z, Xu Y. Tendril morphogenesis is regulated by a CsaTEN-CsaUFO module in cucumber. New Phytol 2023; 239:364-373. [PMID: 36967583 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tendril is a morphological innovation during plant evolution, which provides the plants to obtain climbing ability. However, the tendril morphogenesis is poorly understood. A novel tendril morphogenesis defective mutant (tmd1) was identified in cucumber. The apical part of tendril was replaced by a leaf blade in tmd1 mutant, and it lost the climbing ability. Map-based cloning, qPCR detection, bioinformatic analysis, yeast one-hybrid assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase assay were used to explore the molecular mechanism of CsaTMD1 in regulating tendril morphogenesis. CsaUFO was the candidate causal gene, and a fragment deletion within promoter impaired CsaUFO expression in tmd1 mutant. A conserved motif 1, which harbored two putative TCP transcription factor binding sites, was located within this deleted fragment. CsaTEN directly bound the motif 1 and positively regulated CsaUFO, and mutation in motif 1 removed this regulation. Our work shows a CsaTEN-CsaUFO module in regulating tendril morphogenesis, indicating that evolution of tendril in cucumber due to simply drive of CsaUFO by CsaTEN in tendril. Additionally, the conserved motif 1 provides a strategy for engineering tendril-less Cucurbitaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhou Hong
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aiyi Yang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guochao Yan
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
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Liu L, Gu C, Zhang J, Guo J, Zhang X, Zhou Z. Genome-Wide Analysis of Exocyst Complex Subunit Exo70 Gene Family in Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10929. [PMID: 37446106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable worldwide, but its yield is affected by a wide range of pathogens and pests. As the major subunit of the exocyst complex, the roles of Exo70 members have been shown in Arabidopsis and rice, but their function are unknown in cucumber. Here, we identified 18 CsExo70 members in cucumber, which were divided into three groups (Exo70.1-Exo70.3) and nine subgroups (Exo70A-Exo70I) based on the phylogenetic tree. Subsequently, systematical analyses were performed, including collinearity, gene structure, cis-acting elements, conserved motifs, expression patterns, and subcellular localization. Our results showed that CsExo70 genes were generally expressed in all tissues, and CsExo70C1 and CsExo70C2 were highly expressed in the stamen. Moreover, the expression levels of most CsExo70 genes were induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen (Foc), especially CsExo70E2 and CsExo70H3. In addition, these CsExo70s displayed similar location patterns with discrete and punctate signals in the cytoplasm. Together, our results indicate that CsExo70 members may be involved in plant development and resistance, and provide a reference for future in-depth studies of Exo70 genes in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoheng Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyu Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Koo YM, Heo AY, Choi HW. Isolation and Identification Antagonistic Bacterium Paenibacillus tianmuensis YM002 against Acidovorax citrulli. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1173695. [PMID: 37377812 PMCID: PMC10292757 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1173695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to screen antagonistic microorganisms against Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, which is known to induce sever diseases in cucurbit crops. From 240 bacterial strains isolated, only one unknown bacterial isolate, named YM002, showed significant antagonistic activity against A. citrulli KACC17909. Further experiments revealed that YM002 shows antagonistic activity against all tested A. citrulli strains, including KACC17000, KACC17001 and KACC17005, to different degrees. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences identified YM002 as Paenibacillus tianmuensis. Importantly, pretreatment of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves with YM002 enhanced disease resistance as observed by significantly reduced necrotic symptom development and bacterial growth. YM002-induced resistance accompanied by enhanced expression of defense-related genes, such as PAL1, PR1-1a and CTR1. Importantly, culture filtrate of YM002 significantly suppressed biofilm formation and swimming motility of A. citrulli, which is indispensable for its full virulence. In addition to its antagonistic activity, YM002 showed a various plant growth promotion (PGP)-related traits, such as production of ammonia production, amylase production, ACC deaminase production, inodole-3-acetic acid production, extracellular protease production, siderophore production, and zinc solubilization activities. Indeed, treatment of cucumber roots with YM002 significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, such as fresh and dry weight of leaves or roots. This study suggests the potential of YM002 as an effective PGPR with biological control activity against Acidovorax citrulli in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mo Koo
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - A Yeong Heo
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Fang Y, Ning S, Xia L, Zhan J, Yang Z, Cheng C, Lou Q, Li J, Chen J. QTL Mapping for Ovary- and Fruit-Related Traits in Cucumis sativus-C. hystrix Introgression Line IL52. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1133. [PMID: 37372313 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IL52 is a valuable introgression line obtained from interspecific hybridization between cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n = 14) and the wild relative species C. hystrix Chakr. (2n = 24). IL52 exhibits high resistance to a number of diseases, including downy mildew, powdery mildew, and angular leaf spot. However, the ovary- and fruit-related traits of IL52 have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for 11 traits related to ovary size, fruit size, and flowering time using a previously developed 155 F7:8 RIL population derived from a cross between CCMC and IL52. In total, 27 QTL associated with the 11 traits were detected, distributed on seven chromosomes. These QTL explained 3.61% to 43.98% of the phenotypic variance. Notably, we identified a major-effect QTL (qOHN4.1) on chromosome 4 associated with the ovary hypanthium neck width and further delimited it into a 114-kb candidate region harboring 13 candidate genes. Furthermore, the QTL qOHN4.1 is co-localized with the QTL detected for ovary length, mature fruit length, and fruit neck length, all residing within the consensus QTL FS4.1, suggesting a plausible pleiotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shixiong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinyi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhilong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Xia L, Wang H, Zhao X, Obel HO, Yu X, Lou Q, Chen J, Cheng C. Chloroplast Pan-Genomes and Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Genetic Variation and Temperature Adaptation in the Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108943. [PMID: 37240287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although whole genome sequencing, genetic variation mapping, and pan-genome studies have been done on a large group of cucumber nuclear genomes, organelle genome information is largely unclear. As an important component of the organelle genome, the chloroplast genome is highly conserved, which makes it a useful tool for studying plant phylogeny, crop domestication, and species adaptation. Here, we have constructed the first cucumber chloroplast pan-genome based on 121 cucumber germplasms, and investigated the genetic variations of the cucumber chloroplast genome through comparative genomic, phylogenetic, haplotype, and population genetic structure analysis. Meanwhile, we explored the changes in expression of cucumber chloroplast genes under high- and low-temperature stimulation via transcriptome analysis. As a result, a total of 50 complete chloroplast genomes were successfully assembled from 121 cucumber resequencing data, ranging in size from 156,616-157,641 bp. The 50 cucumber chloroplast genomes have typical quadripartite structures, consisting of a large single copy (LSC, 86,339-86,883 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 18,069-18,363 bp), and two inverted repeats (IRs, 25,166-25,797 bp). Comparative genomic, haplotype, and population genetic structure results showed that there is more genetic variation in Indian ecotype cucumbers compared to other cucumber cultivars, which means that many genetic resources remain to be explored in Indian ecotype cucumbers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 50 cucumber germplasms could be classified into 3 types: East Asian, Eurasian + Indian, and Xishuangbanna + Indian. The transcriptomic analysis showed that matK were significantly up-regulated under high- and low-temperature stresses, further demonstrating that cucumber chloroplasts respond to temperature adversity by regulating lipid metabolism and ribosome metabolism. Further, accD has higher editing efficiency under high-temperature stress, which may contribute to the heat tolerance. These studies provide useful insight into genetic variation in the chloroplast genome, and established the foundation for exploring the mechanisms of temperature-stimulated chloroplast adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Han Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hesbon Ochieng Obel
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaqing Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Luo H, Zhang H, Wang H. Advance in sex differentiation in cucumber. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1186904. [PMID: 37265638 PMCID: PMC10231686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae (melon genus) and is an annual herbaceous vegetable crop. Cucumber is an important cash crop that is grown all over the world. From morphology to cytology, from canonical genetics to molecular biology, researchers have performed much research on sex differentiation and its regulatory mechanism in cucumber, mainly in terms of cucumber sex determination genes, environmental conditions, and the effects of plant hormones, revealing its genetic basis to improve the number of female flowers in cucumber, thus greatly improving the yield of cucumber. This paper reviews the research progress of sex differentiation in cucumber in recent years, mainly focusing on sex-determining genes, environmental conditions, and the influence of phytohormones in cucumber, and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the realization of high and stable yield cultivation and molecular breeding of cucumber crop traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Hangzhou Lin’an District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanchun Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Yuan Q, Zhang J, Zhang W, Nie J. Genome-wide characterization, phylogenetic and expression analysis of ABCG gene subfamily in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1178710. [PMID: 37251762 PMCID: PMC10211247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1178710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ABCG is the largest subfamily of the ABC family with extensive functions, and only a few members have been identified in detail. However, more and more studies have shown that the members of this family are very important and are involved in many life processes such as plant development and response to various stresses. Cucumber is an important vegetable crops around the world. The cucumber development is essential for its production and quality. Meanwhile, various stresses have caused serious losses of cucumber. However, the ABCG genes were not well characterized and functioned in cucumber. In this study, the cucumber CsABCG gene family were identified and characterized, and their evolutionary relationship and functions were analyzed. The cis-acting elements and expression analysis showed that they played important role in development and responding to various biotic and abiotic stresses in cucumber. Phylogenetic analysis, sequence alignment and MEME (Multiple Em for Motif Elicitation) analysis indicated that the functions of ABCG proteins in different plants are evolutionarily conserved. Collinear analysis revealed that the ABCG gene family was highly conserved during the evolution. In addition, the potential binding sites of the CsABCG genes targeted by miRNA were predicted. These results will lay a foundation for further research on the function of the CsABCG genes in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingtao Nie
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Marquez J, Hajihassani A. Identification and Virulence of Five Isolates of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Vegetables. Plant Dis 2023:PDIS06221331RE. [PMID: 36350729 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-22-1331-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne floridensis is of particular concern because it reproduces on tomato, pepper, corn, and tobacco cultivars that have resistance to the common tropical root-knot nematode (RKN) species (i.e., Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica). During a survey of 436 randomly selected vegetable fields in Georgia in 2018, 6 M. floridensis-infested fields were found and cultured from single egg-mass isolates on a susceptible tomato (cultivar Rutgers), and speciated using molecular analyses. Five isolates of M. floridensis were identified from collard, cowpea, cucumber, watermelon, and tomato fields by DNA sequence-based identification targeting mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, transfer RNAHis, large subunit ribosomal RNA, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5). Two greenhouse trials determined the host preference and reproduction level for each M. floridensis isolate. Evaluations were conducted on Rutgers tomato, a resistant tomato (cultivar Skyway, carrying the Mi-1.2 gene), and vegetable crops associated with the origin of M. floridensis populations. This study confirmed that most associated vegetables, except collards, were good hosts to M. floridensis, having a reproduction factor >1. All isolates were able to reproduce aggressively on the resistant tomato. We found variations among M. floridensis isolates in pathogenicity and reproduction levels on the vegetable crops tested which should be considered when using or developing host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Marquez
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Abolfazl Hajihassani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Davie, FL 33314
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Yao X, Li H, Nie J, Liu H, Guo Y, Lv L, Yang Z, Sui X. Disruption of the amino acid transporter CsAAP2 inhibits auxin-mediated root development in cucumber. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37129077 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are the principal mediators of organic nitrogen distribution within plants and are essential for plant growth and development. Despite this importance, relatively few amino acid transporter genes have been explored and elucidated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Here, a total of 86 amino acid transporter genes were identified in the cucumber genome. We further identified Amino Acid Permease (AAP) subfamily members that exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. We found that the CsAAP2 as a candidate gene encoding a functional amino acid transporter is highly expressed in cucumber root vascular cells. CsAAP2 knockout lines exhibited arrested development of root meristem, which then caused the delayed initiation of lateral root and the inhibition of root elongation. What is more, the shoot growth of aap2 mutants was strongly retarded due to defects in cucumber root development. Moreover, aap2 mutants exhibited higher concentrations of amino acids and lignin in roots. We found that the mutant roots had a stronger ability to acidize medium. Furthermore, in the aap2 mutants, polar auxin transport was disrupted in the root tip, leading to high auxin levels in roots. Interestingly, slightly alkaline media rescued their severely reduced root growth by stimulating auxin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hujian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Zhang XW, Yang XH, Che HJ, Qin J, Bi HG, Ai XZ. Effects of rotted corn straw on soil environment, yield, and quality of cucumber. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1290-1296. [PMID: 37236946 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at solving the problems of soil environment deterioration and the decline of both yield and quality caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer, we investigated the effects of rotted corn straw on the soil environment of root zone, yield and quality of cucumber with 'Jinyou 35' cucumber as the experimental material. There were three treatments, namely, combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer (T1, the total nitrogen fertilizer application were 450 kg N·hm-2, of which 9000 kg·hm-2 rotted corn straw was used as the subsoil fertilizer, and the rest was supplemented with chemical fertilizer), pure chemical fertilizer (T2, the total nitrogen fertilizer application was the same as T1) and no fertilization (control). The results showed that the content of soil organic matter in root zone soil in T1 treatment was much higher, but no difference between T2 treatment and the control, after two continuous plantings in one year. The concentrations of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of T1 and T2 in cucumber root zone were higher than that in the control. T1 treatment had lower bulk density, but markedly higher porosity and respiratory rate than T2 treatment and the control in root zone soil. The electric conductivity of T1 treatment was higher than that of the control, but significantly lower than T2 treatment. There was no significant difference in pH among the three treatments. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in cucumber rhizosphere soil were the highest in T1, and the lowest in the control. However, the highest quantity of fungi was found in T2. The enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in T1 treatment were markedly higher than those of the control, whereas those of T2 treatment were significantly lower or had no significant difference relative to the control. The cucumber root dry weight and root activity of T1 were significantly higher than that of the control. The yield of T1 treatment increased by 10.1%, and fruit quality improved obviously. The root activity of T2 treatment was also significantly higher than that in the control. There was no significant difference in root dry weight and yield between T2 treatment and the control. Furthermore, T2 treatment revealed a decrease in fruit quality relative to T1 treatment. These results suggested that the combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer could improve soil environment, promote root growth, enhance root activity and improve yield and quality of cucumber in solar-greenhouse, which could be popularized and applied in protected cucumber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-He Yang
- Zoucheng Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Zoucheng 273500, Shandong, China
| | - Hao-Jie Che
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Chengyang District in Qingdao, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Zaozhuang Agricultural and Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Center, Zaozhuang 277800, Shandong, China
| | - Huan-Gai Bi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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Xu X, Liu M, Hu Q, Yan W, Pan J, Yan Y, Chen X. A CsEIL3-CsARN6.1 module promotes waterlogging-triggered adventitious root formation in cucumber by activating the expression of CsPrx5. Plant J 2023; 114:824-835. [PMID: 36871136 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) derived from hypocotyl is the most important morphological adaptation to waterlogging stress in Cucumis sativus (cucumber). Our previous study showed that cucumbers with the gene CsARN6.1, encoding an AAA ATPase domain-containing protein, were more tolerant to waterlogging through increased AR formation. However, the apparent function of CsARN6.1 remained unknown. Here, we showed that the CsARN6.1 signal was predominantly observed throughout the cambium of hypocotyls, where de novo AR primordia are formed upon waterlogging treatment. The silencing of CsARN6.1 expression by virus-induced gene silencing and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies adversely affects the formation of ARs under conditions of waterlogging. Waterlogging treatment significantly induced ethylene production, thus upregulating CsEIL3 expression, which encodes a putative transcription factor involved in ethylene signaling. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility assay and transient expression analyses showed that CsEIL3 binds directly to the CsARN6.1 promoter to initiate its expression. CsARN6.1 was found to interact with CsPrx5, a waterlogging-responsive class-III peroxidase that enhanced H2 O2 production and increased AR formation. These data provide insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of AAA ATPase domain-containing protein and uncover a molecular mechanism that links ethylene signaling with the formation of ARs triggered by waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qiming Hu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yongming Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, China
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50
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Guo Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhang X, Li Z, Shen J. TARGET OF EAT3 (TOE3) specifically regulates fruit spine initiation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant J 2023. [PMID: 37092342 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence or absence of spines is an important economic trait of cucumber fruit. Spines are believed to be a type of specialized trichome on the fruit surface and all the identified cucumber trichome-less mutants lack fruit spines. However, genes that specifically regulate fruit spine initiation remain to be identified. Here, we found that knocking out cucumber TARGET OF EAT3 homolog (CsTOE3), belonging to the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family, affected flower development, and more interestingly, inhibited cucumber fruit spine initiation. On analyzing expression patterns by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization assay, CsTOE3 was found to be highly expressed in male and female flowers, and its mRNA accumulated in the tips of sepal and petal primordia and in the cells of fruit spines and peels. Biochemical analyses indicated that CsTOE3 directly interacts with GLABRA1 (CsGL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (CsTTG1), which are positive regulators of trichome formation. In addition, RNA-seq showed that the transcription levels of eight ERFs were significantly upregulated in CsTOE3 knockout lines. Phytohormone content analysis also revealed a significant increase in the amount of ethylene released by CsTOE3 knockout lines; treatment with the ethylene synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG) partly restored the spineless phenotype. Our results suggest that CsTOE3 specifically regulates fruit spine initiation but does not affect the formation of trichomes on other organs in cucumber. Our findings may have a far-reaching significance for cucumber germplasm improvement and quality breeding using fruit spines as the target trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yikui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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