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Wrońska-Pilarek D, Maciejewska-Rutkowska I, Lechowicz K, Bocianowski J, Hauke-Kowalska M, Baranowska M, Korzeniewicz R. The effect of herbicides on morphological features of pollen grains in Prunus serotina Ehrh. in the context of elimination of this invasive species from European forests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4657. [PMID: 36949138 PMCID: PMC10033914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus serotina Ehrh. is an alien invasive neophyte widespread in European forests. So far, no effective methods of its elimination have been developed. For this reason, the aim of our study was to determine how herbicides affect the morphological characteristics of pollen grains. This knowledge may be crucial to control this invasive species. The current study was carried out in a research area of 2.7 ha located in the Zielonka Forest near Poznań, Poland (N 52°31'58.016″, E 17°05'55.588″). We tested morphological differences among ten features of P. serotina pollen, based on the samples collected from 15 control trees compared to the 50 trees treated with five different herbicides. In total 1950 pollen grains were measured. We confirmed the adopted hypotheses of long-term herbicide influence on P. serotina pollen. Pollen grains from the control trees had a longer equatorial axis, were more elongated in shape and had the largest range of exine thickness compared to the pollen from the herbicide-treated samples. Exine thickness in the control sample was on average 0.74 µm, ranging from 0.42 to 1.19 µm. The average values and the ranges of this trait in the samples treated with herbicides were larger (e.g. average exine thickness was from 0.90 to 0.95 µm). There were differences in the P/E ranges of variability between the control and herbicide-treated samples. In the control sample the P/E ratio was 1.32-2.04 and elongated forms of pollen shapes prevailed, while in the herbicide-treated samples it ranged from 1.03 to 1.47. The share of deformed pollen grains in the herbicide-treated samples was lower than expected, ranging from 8.7 to 25.3%, while in the control samples it was 6%. Logo and Mustang turned out to be the most effective among the herbicides used in the described research. The two used application methods were found to have an effect on pollen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wrońska-Pilarek
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Irmina Maciejewska-Rutkowska
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kacper Lechowicz
- Department of Botany and Forest Habitats, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71d, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Hauke-Kowalska
- Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marlena Baranowska
- Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Korzeniewicz
- Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71a, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
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Dubas E, Castillo AM, Żur I, Krzewska M, Vallés MP. Microtubule organization changes severely after mannitol and n-butanol treatments inducing microspore embryogenesis in bread wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:586. [PMID: 34886809 PMCID: PMC8656030 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mannitol stress treatment and a subsequent application of n-butanol, known as a microtubule-disrupting agent, enhance microspore embryogenesis (ME) induction and plant regeneration in bread wheat. To characterize changes in cortical (CMT) and endoplasmic (EMT) microtubules organization and dynamics, associated with ME induction treatments, immunocytochemistry studies complemented by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were accomplished. This technique has allowed us to perform advanced 3- and 4D studies of MT architecture. The degree of MT fragmentation was examined by the relative fluorescence intensity quantification. RESULTS In uni-nucleated mannitol-treated microspores, severe CMT and EMT fragmentation occurs, although a complex network of short EMT bundles protected the nucleus. Additional treatment with n-butanol resulted in further depolymerization of both CMT and EMT, simultaneously with the formation of MT aggregates in the perinuclear region. Some aggregates resembled a preprophase band. In addition, a portion of the microspores progressed to the first mitotic division during the treatments. Bi-nucleate pollen-like structures showed a high MT depolymerization after mannitol treatment and numerous EMT bundles around the vegetative and generative nuclei after n-butanol. Interestingly, bi-nucleate symmetric structures showed prominent stabilization of EMT. CONCLUSIONS Fragmentation and stabilization of microtubules induced by mannitol- and n-butanol lead to new configurations essential for the induction of microspore embryogenesis in bread wheat. These results provide robust insight into MT dynamics during EM induction and open avenues to address newly targeted treatments to induce ME in recalcitrant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dubas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
| | - A M Castillo
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - M P Vallés
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Fisher A, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Smith BH, Ozturk C, Kaftanoglu O, Fewell JH, Harrison JF. Field cross-fostering and in vitro rearing demonstrate negative effects of both larval and adult exposure to a widely used fungicide in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 217:112251. [PMID: 33905983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators and other insects are experiencing an ongoing worldwide decline. While various environmental stressors have been implicated, including pesticide exposure, the causes of these declines are complex and highly debated. Fungicides may constitute a particularly prevalent threat to pollinator health due to their application on many crops during bloom, and because pollinators such as bees may consume fungicide-tainted pollen or nectar. In a previous study, consumption of pollen containing the fungicide Pristine® at field-relevant concentrations by honey bee colonies increased pollen foraging, caused earlier foraging, lowered worker survival, and reduced colony population size. Because most pollen is consumed by young adults, we hypothesized that Pristine® (25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) in pollen exerts its negative effects on honey bee colonies primarily on the adult stage. To rigorously test this hypothesis, we used a cross-fostering experimental design, with bees reared in colonies provided Pristine® incorporated into pollen patties at a supra-field concentration (230 mg/kg), only in the larvae, only in the adult, or both stages. In contrast to our predictions, exposure to Pristine® in either the larval or adult stage reduced survival relative to control bees not exposed to Pristine®, and exposure to the fungicide at both larval and adult stages further reduced survival. Adult exposure caused precocious foraging, while larval exposure increased the tendency to forage for pollen. These results demonstrate that pollen containing Pristine® can induce significant negative effects on both larvae and adults in a hive, though the magnitude of such effects may be smaller at field-realistic doses. To further test the potential negative effects of direct consumption of Pristine® on larvae, we reared them in vitro on food containing Pristine® at a range of concentrations. Consumption of Pristine® reduced survival rates of larvae at all concentrations tested. Larval and adult weights were only reduced at a supra-field concentration. We conclude that consumption of pollen containing Pristine® by field honey bee colonies likely exerts impacts on colony population size and foraging behavior by affecting both larvae and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, 2000 E Allen Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Brian H Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Cahit Ozturk
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Osman Kaftanoglu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jennifer H Fewell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Mosa WFA, El-Shehawi AM, Mackled MI, Salem MZM, Ghareeb RY, Hafez EE, Behiry SI, Abdelsalam NR. Productivity performance of peach trees, insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivities of leaf extracts as affected by nanofertilizers foliar application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10205. [PMID: 33986453 PMCID: PMC8119490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed on eight years old peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees cv. Florida prince to study the influence of spraying of commercial nano fertilizer on vegetative growth, pollen grain viability, yield, and fruit quality of the "Florida prince" peach cultivar. Furthermore, extracts from the nanofertilizer treated leaves were studied for their bioactivity as insecticidal or bactericidal activities against some stored grain insects and plant bacterial pathogens. Seventy uniform peach trees were sprayed three time as follow: before flowering; during full bloom, and one month later in addition using the water as a control. Commercial silver particales (Ag NPs) at 10, 12.5, and 15 mL/L and zinc particales (Zn NPs) at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mL/L as recommended level in a randomized complete block design in ten replicates/trees. Spraying Ag NP at 15 mL/L increased shoot diameter, leaf area, total chlorophyll, flower percentage, fruit yield and fruit physical and chemical characteristics, followed by Ag NPs at 12.5 mL/L and Zn NPs at 7.5 mL/L. Moreover, Zn and Ag NPs caused a highly significant effect on pollen viability. Different type of pollen aberrations were detected by Zn NPs treatment. The commercial Ag NPs showed a high increase in pollen viability without any aberrations. The Ag NPs significantly increased the pollen size, and the spores also increased and separated in different localities, searching about the egg for pollination and fertilization. Peach leaves extract was examined for their insecticidal activity against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzea L.) and the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius) by fumigation method. The antibacterial activity of all treatments was also performed against molecularly identified bacteria. Ag NPs treated leaves extract at concentration 3000 µg/mL were moderate sufficient to inhibit all the bacterial isolates with inhibition zone (IZ) ranged 6-8.67 mm with high efficiency of acetone extracts from leaves treated with Ag NPs compared with Zn NPs. Also, S. oryzae was more susceptible to acetone extracts from leaves treated with both nanomaterials than R. dominica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa I Mackled
- Department of Stored Product Pests, Plant Protection Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Said I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Jin S, Liu L, Fan M, Jia Y, Zhou P. A Facile Strategy for Immobilizing GOD and HRP onto Pollen Grain and Its Application to Visual Detection of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249529. [PMID: 33333754 PMCID: PMC7765182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen grain was explored as a new carrier for enzyme immobilization. After being modified with boric acid-functionalized titania, the pollen grain was able to covalently immobilize glycosylated enzymes by boronate affinity interaction under very mild experimental conditions (e.g., pH 7.0, ambient temperature and free of organic solvent). The glucose oxidase and horse radish peroxidase-immobilized pollen grain became a bienzyme system. The pollen grain also worked as an indicator of the cascade reaction by changing its color. A rapid, simple and cost-effective approach for the visual detection of glucose was then developed. When the glucose concentration exceeded 0.5 mM, the color change was observable by the naked eye. The assay of glucose in body fluid samples exhibited its great potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxia Jin
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mengying Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yaru Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.L.); (M.F.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Campos CF, Cunha MC, Vieira Santos VS, Olegário de Campos Júnior E, Bonetti AM, Pereira BB. Analysis of genotoxic effects on plants exposed to high traffic volume in urban crossing intersections. Chemosphere 2020; 259:127511. [PMID: 32640379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biological assessment of environmental quality was performed using the tropical plant species Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt. var. purpurea exposed to different levels of air contamination in urban intersections with high volume of vehicle traffic. Air quality (average daily levels of particulate material in the PM1, 2.5, 10 fractions) and traffic volume in crossing intersections were monitored for 30 days before the collection of plants. Frequency of micronuclei and pollen abortivity in inflorescences collected at different intersections with gradual levels of traffic volume were evaluated as biomarkers of genotoxicity. In addition, the concentrations of bioaccumulated heavy metals in the leaves of the collected plants were also investigated. The proposed biological assessment model found a positive association between the environmental variables (traffic volume; concentration of particulate material) and biological effects (leaf concentration of Cr and Cd; micronucleus frequencies and pollen abortivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Campos
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Campos Cunha
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Bonetti
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biotechnology, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Geography, Santa Mônica Campus, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, 2121, 38.408-100, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Candotto Carniel F, Fortuna L, Nepi M, Cai G, Del Casino C, Adami G, Bramini M, Bosi S, Flahaut E, Martín C, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Beyond graphene oxide acidity: Novel insights into graphene related materials effects on the sexual reproduction of seed plants. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122380. [PMID: 32126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene related materials (GRMs) are currently being used in products and devices of everyday life and this strongly increases the possibility of their ultimate release into the environment as waste items. GRMs have several effects on plants, and graphene oxide (GO) in particular, can affect pollen germination and tube growth due to its acidic properties. Despite the socio-economic importance of sexual reproduction in seed plants, the effect of GRMs on this process is still largely unknown. Here, Corylus avellana L. (common Hazel) pollen was germinated in-vitro with and without 1-100 μg mL-1 few-layer graphene (FLG), GO and reduced GO (rGO) to identify GRMs effects alternative to the acidification damage caused by GO. At 100 μg mL-1 both FLG and GO decreased pollen germination, however only GO negatively affected pollen tube growth. Furthermore, GO adsorbed about 10 % of the initial Ca2+ from germination media accounting for a further decrease in germination of 13 % at the pH created by GO. In addition, both FLG and GO altered the normal tip-focused reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution along the pollen tube. The results provided here help to understand GRMs effect on the sexual reproduction of seed plants and to address future in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N° 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, E-20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
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Ren R, Li Z, Jiang X, Liu Y. The ROS-associated programmed cell death causes the decline of pollen viability recovered from cryopreservation in Paeonia lactiflora. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:941-952. [PMID: 32296871 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After cryopreservation, the occurrence of apoptosis-like programmed cell death events induced by the accumulation of ROS reduces pollen viability. Cryopreservation, as a biotechnological means for long-term preservation of pollen, has been applied to many species. However, after cryopreservation, the viability of pollen significantly decreases via a mechanism that is not completely clear. In this study, the pollen of Paeonia lactiflora 'Zi Feng Chao Yang', which exhibits significantly reduced viability after liquid nitrogen (LN2) storage, was used to study the relationship among pollen viability, programmed cell death (PCD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The apoptosis rate was increased significantly in pollen with decreased viability after cryopreservation, and the changes in ROS generation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were consistent with the apoptosis rate. Correlation analysis results showed that the apoptosis rate is positively correlated with ROS generation and H2O2 content. In addition, ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid reductase (APX) levels were significantly correlated with ROS and H2O2. After LN2 preservation for 8 months, the exogenous antioxidants AsA and GSH at appropriate concentrations significantly decreased H2O2 content, inhibited PCD indicator levels, and increased cryopreserved pollen viability. These observations suggest that PCD occurred in pollen during LN2 preservation for 1-8 months and was induced by the accumulation of ROS in pollen after cryopreservation, thus explaining the main reasons for the reduction in pollen viability after cryopreservation in LN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Ren
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zedi Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueru Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Haque T, Eaves DJ, Lin Z, Zampronio CG, Cooper HJ, Bosch M, Smirnoff N, Franklin-Tong VE. Self-Incompatibility Triggers Irreversible Oxidative Modification of Proteins in Incompatible Pollen. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1391-1404. [PMID: 32321844 PMCID: PMC7333688 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is used by many angiosperms to prevent self-fertilization and inbreeding. In common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), interaction of cognate pollen and pistil S-determinants triggers programmed cell death (PCD) of incompatible pollen. We previously identified that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal to SI-PCD. ROS-induced oxidative posttranslational modifications (oxPTMs) can regulate protein structure and function. Here, we have identified and mapped oxPTMs triggered by SI in incompatible pollen. Notably, SI-induced pollen had numerous irreversible oxidative modifications, while untreated pollen had virtually none. Our data provide a valuable analysis of the protein targets of ROS in the context of SI-induction and comprise a benchmark because currently there are few reports of irreversible oxPTMs in plants. Strikingly, cytoskeletal proteins and enzymes involved in energy metabolism are a prominent target of ROS. Oxidative modifications to a phosphomimic form of a pyrophosphatase result in a reduction of its activity. Therefore, our results demonstrate irreversible oxidation of pollen proteins during SI and provide evidence that this modification can affect protein function. We suggest that this reduction in cellular activity could lead to PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Haque
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J Eaves
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Cooper
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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10
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Hu W, Cao Y, Loka DA, Harris-Shultz KR, Reiter RJ, Ali S, Liu Y, Zhou Z. Exogenous melatonin improves cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) pollen fertility under drought by regulating carbohydrate metabolism in male tissues. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:579-588. [PMID: 32330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although exogenous melatonin can enhance the drought tolerance of plants, reports on the role of melatonin in drought tolerance in male reproductive organs are limited. To explore this, a pot experiment was conducted with cotton cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 to study the effects of exogenous melatonin (100, 200, and 1000 μM) on male fertility and related carbohydrate metabolism in anther under drought. Results showed that drought inhibited the translocation of carbon assimilates to anthers, however, melatonin application (100 and 200 μM) significantly improved the translocation of carbon assimilates to drought-stressed anthers. Drought reduced the deposition of starch, the hydrolysis of sucrose into hexoses, the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in anthers, restricting pollen viability and germination. Nevertheless, the appropriate melatonin concentrations (100 and 200 μM) increased the starch accumulation by enhancing ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthases activities and accelerated the hydrolysis of sucrose by increasing sucrose synthase, acid and alkaline invertases activities in drought-stressed anthers. Appropriate melatonin concentrations (100 and 200 μM) also could help to generate more ATP for reproductive activities of drought-stressed anthers, finally increasing the pollen viability and germination of drought-stressed plants. These findings suggest that drought inhibited male fertility of cotton, but a precise melatonin application could regulate the carbohydrate balance of drought-stressed anthers to improve male fertility. This is the first report demonstrating the important role of exogenous melatonin in improving male fertility under drought conditions by regulating the carbohydrate metabolism in the male part of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa, 41335, Greece
| | - Karen R Harris-Shultz
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Saif Ali
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Abstract
Effective mutagenesis is critical for connecting traits of interest to specific plant genes. The development of site-directed mutagenesis and sequenced-indexed genetics resources in maize allows for targeted analysis of individual genes. These reverse genetics approaches have the potential for confirmation bias by only studying candidate genes for association with traits of interest. Genetic screens of induced, random mutations are important for identifying novel loci as well as interacting factors for known mutant loci. Chemical mutagenesis provides very high mutation rates and can be used for a variety of screen designs. This chapter provides an updated protocol for ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of maize pollen using paraffin or mineral oil. Mutagenesis occurs in mature pollen causing nonconcordant endosperm and embryo genotypes as well as sectored M1 plants. Considerations for these factors in genetic screens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mark Settles
- Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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12
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Tomé HVV, Schmehl DR, Wedde AE, Godoy RSM, Ravaiano SV, Guedes RNC, Martins GF, Ellis JD. Frequently encountered pesticides can cause multiple disorders in developing worker honey bees. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113420. [PMID: 31813703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is regarded as a contributing factor to the high gross loss rates of managed colonies of Apis mellifera. Pesticides enter the hive through contaminated nectar and pollen carried by returning forager honey bees or placed in the hive by beekeepers when managing hive pests. We used an in vitro rearing method to characterize the effects of seven pesticides on developing brood subjected dietary exposure at worse-case environmental concentrations detected in wax and pollen. The pesticides tested included acaricides (amitraz, coumaphos, fluvalinate), insecticides (chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid), one fungicide (chlorothalonil), and one herbicide (glyphosate). The larvae were exposed chronically for six days of mimicking exposure during the entire larval feeding period, which is the worst possible scenario of larval exposure. Survival, duration of immature development, the weight of newly emerged adult, morphologies of the antenna and the hypopharyngeal gland, and gene expression were recorded. Survival of bees exposed to amitraz, coumaphos, fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos, and chlorothalonil was the most sensitive endpoint despite observed changes in many developmental and physiological parameters across the seven pesticides. Our findings suggest that pesticide exposure during larvae development may affect the survival and health of immature honey bees, thus contributing to overall colony stress or loss. Additionally, pesticide exposure altered gene expression of detoxification enzymes. However, the tested exposure scenario is unlikely to be representative of real-world conditions but emphasizes the importance of proper hive management to minimize pesticide contamination of the hive environment or simulates a future scenario of increased contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson V V Tomé
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil; Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Steinmetz Hall, 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Daniel R Schmehl
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Steinmetz Hall, 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ashlyn E Wedde
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Steinmetz Hall, 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Raquel S M Godoy
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Samira V Ravaiano
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Raul N C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - James D Ellis
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Steinmetz Hall, 970 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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13
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Zafar SA, Patil SB, Uzair M, Fang J, Zhao J, Guo T, Yuan S, Uzair M, Luo Q, Shi J, Schreiber L, Li X. DEGENERATED PANICLE AND PARTIAL STERILITY 1 (DPS1) encodes a cystathionine β-synthase domain containing protein required for anther cuticle and panicle development in rice. New Phytol 2020; 225:356-375. [PMID: 31433495 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of apical spikelets and reduced panicle fertility are common reasons for low seed-setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a novel degenerated panicle and partial sterility 1 (dps1) mutant that showed panicle apical degeneration and reduced fertility in middle spikelets. dps1 plants were characterized by small whitish anthers with altered cuticle morphology and absence of pollen grains. Amounts of cuticular wax and cutin were significantly reduced in dps1 anthers. Panicles of dps1 plants showed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lower antioxidant activity, and increased programmed cell death. Map-based cloning revealed that DPS1 encodes a mitochondrial-localized protein containing a cystathionine β-synthase domain that showed the highest expression in panicles and anthers. DPS1 physically interacted with mitochondrial thioredoxin proteins Trx1 and Trx20, and it participated in ROS scavenging. Global gene expression analysis in dps1 revealed that biological processes related to fatty acid metabolism and ROS homeostasis were significantly affected, and the expression of key genes involved in wax and cutin biosynthesis were downregulated. These results suggest that DPS1 plays a vital role in regulating ROS homeostasis, anther cuticle formation, and panicle development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Adeel Zafar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Suyash B Patil
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | | | - Muhammad Uzair
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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14
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Dutta Gupta S, Saha N, Agarwal A, Venkatesh V. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induced impairment of in vitro pollen performance of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K. Heyne. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:75-85. [PMID: 31786707 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in myriad applications including electronics, medicines and agriculture has led to serious concerns regarding its release to plant ecosystems. Over the years, numerous studies have demonstrated the toxic impact of AgNPs in a variety of cell and tissue systems involved in vegetative growth across a wide range of plant species. However, assessing their impact on haploid phase of plant life cycle was restricted only to a study with Kiwifruit. In this study, in vitro pollen performance of Peltophorum pterocarpum at two endpoints i.e., germination and tube growth was assessed to evaluate the impact of nanoparticulate or ionic form of silver. Increasing concentrations of AgNO3/AgNPs significantly reduced the pollen germination and retarded the tube growth. The EC 50 values indicated a more potent toxic effect of AgNPs than AgNO3 on pollen germination as well as tube growth. Impairment of pollen performance was more pronounced at the stage of emergence of pollen tube. Extensive alterations in the muri and lumen of exine as revealed through SEM analysis and subsequent blockage of germpore might disrupt the emergence of pollen tube. The dynamics of pollen tube growth was analyzed with polynomial models of different degrees. A high degree of polynomial, the quintic model was able to approximate the real data points with highest coefficient of determination and smallest RMSE, compared to other models. An oscillating pattern of tube growth was portrayed with the passage of time in all the treatments that fits well with the established mechanistic oscillatory model of tube growth. It appears that exposure to AgNO3/AgNPs inhibited pollen germination and retarded tube growth without affecting the oscillatory behavior of tip-growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dutta Gupta
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - N Saha
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - A Agarwal
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - V Venkatesh
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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15
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Heuermann MC, Rosso MG, Mascher M, Brandt R, Tschiersch H, Altschmied L, Altmann T. Combining next-generation sequencing and progeny testing for rapid identification of induced recessive and dominant mutations in maize M 2 individuals. Plant J 2019; 100:851-862. [PMID: 31169333 PMCID: PMC6899793 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molecular identification of mutant alleles responsible for certain phenotypic alterations is a central goal of genetic analyses. In this study we describe a rapid procedure suitable for the identification of induced recessive and dominant mutations applied to two Zea mays mutants expressing a dwarf and a pale green phenotype, respectively, which were obtained through pollen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. First, without prior backcrossing, induced mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) segregating in a (M2 ) family derived from a heterozygous (M1 ) parent were identified using whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of a small number of (M2 ) individuals with mutant and wild-type phenotypes. Second, the state of zygosity of the mutation causing the phenotype was determined for each sequenced individual by phenotypic segregation analysis of the self-pollinated (M3 ) offspring. Finally, we filtered for segregating EMS-induced SNPs whose state of zygosity matched the determined state of zygosity of the mutant locus in each sequenced (M2 ) individuals. Through this procedure, combining sequencing of individuals and Mendelian inheritance, three and four SNPs in linkage passed our zygosity filter for the homozygous dwarf and heterozygous pale green mutation, respectively. The dwarf mutation was found to be allelic to the an1 locus and caused by an insertion in the largest exon of the AN1 gene. The pale green mutation affected the nuclear W2 gene and was caused by a non-synonymous amino acid exchange in encoded chloroplast DNA polymerase with a predicted deleterious effect. This coincided with lower cpDNA levels in pale green plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C. Heuermann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
| | - Mario G. Rosso
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
| | - Ronny Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
- Max Planck‐Genome‐Centre CologneMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCarl‐von‐Linné‐Weg 1050829KölnGermany
| | - Henning Tschiersch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
| | - Lothar Altschmied
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenCorrensstrasse 306466Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany
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16
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Domingos P, Dias PN, Tavares B, Portes MT, Wudick MM, Konrad KR, Gilliham M, Bicho A, Feijó JA. Molecular and electrophysiological characterization of anion transport in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen reveals regulatory roles for pH, Ca 2+ and GABA. New Phytol 2019; 223:1353-1371. [PMID: 31132313 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular basis and physiological implications of anion transport during pollen tube (PT) growth in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). Patch-clamp whole-cell configuration analysis of pollen grain protoplasts revealed three subpopulations of anionic currents differentially regulated by cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+ ]cyt ). We investigated the pollen-expressed proteins AtSLAH3, AtALMT12, AtTMEM16 and AtCCC as the putative anion transporters responsible for these currents. AtCCC-GFP was observed at the shank and AtSLAH3-GFP at the tip and shank of the PT plasma membrane. Both are likely to carry the majority of anion current at negative potentials, as extracellular anionic fluxes measured at the tip of PTs with an anion vibrating probe were significantly lower in slah3-/- and ccc-/- mutants, but unaffected in almt12-/- and tmem16-/- . We further characterised the effect of pH and GABA by patch clamp. Strong regulation by extracellular pH was observed in the wild-type, but not in tmem16-/- . Our results are compatible with AtTMEM16 functioning as an anion/H+ cotransporter and therefore, as a putative pH sensor. GABA presence: (1) inhibited the overall currents, an effect that is abrogated in the almt12-/- and (2) reduced the current in AtALMT12 transfected COS-7 cells, strongly suggesting the direct interaction of GABA with AtALMT12. Our data show that AtSLAH3 and AtCCC activity is sufficient to explain the major component of extracellular anion fluxes, and unveils a possible regulatory system linking PT growth modulation by pH, GABA, and [Ca2+ ]cyt through anionic transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Domingos
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 Bioscience Research Building, 4066 Campus Dr. College Park, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-901, Portugal
| | - Pedro N Dias
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 Bioscience Research Building, 4066 Campus Dr. College Park, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-901, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Portes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 Bioscience Research Building, 4066 Campus Dr. College Park, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-901, Portugal
| | - Michael M Wudick
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 Bioscience Research Building, 4066 Campus Dr. College Park, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Ana Bicho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-901, Portugal
| | - José A Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 0118 Bioscience Research Building, 4066 Campus Dr. College Park, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-901, Portugal
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17
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Coslor CC, Vandervoort C, Wise JC. Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts. Pest Manag Sci 2019; 75:1453-1463. [PMID: 30450658 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trunk injection is an established method for delivering pesticides in ornamental and shade trees, but further research is needed to determine efficacy and pollinator safety in tree fruit crops. Apple trees were injected in 2013 and 2014 with the insecticides emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, or abamectin. Additional emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid injections were performed in the spring and fall of 2015. Nectar and pollen were sampled in the following spring to compare the effects of application timings on insecticide loading into flowers. RESULTS Neonicotinoids reduced Empoasca fabae density in the field. Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin resulted in moderate to high mortality and reduced Choristoneura rosaceana feeding in bioassays. Imidacloprid was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected in the spring, and was detected at 0.39 ng g-1 in pollen when injected the previous fall. Emamectin benzoate was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected the previous fall, and was detected at 7.36 ng g-1 (nectar) and 1.15 ng g-1 (pollen) when injected in the spring. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a broader list of possible trunk-injectable pesticides for apple trees. This study also shows that managing the seasonal timing of injection can reduce the risk of insecticide exposure to pollinators. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Coslor
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - John C Wise
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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18
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Antognoni F, Ovidi E, Taddei AR, Gambellini G, Speranza A. In Vitro Pollen Tube Growth Reveals the Cytotoxic Potential of the Flavonols, Quercetin and Rutin. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 32:79-90. [PMID: 15601236 DOI: 10.1177/026119290403200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonols are phytochemicals widely found in commonly consumed foods. In spite of their beneficial effects on human health, however, cytotoxicity and even suspected genotoxicity have also been reported for the flavonol, quercetin. This points to the need for preventive studies to identify any cytotoxic effects associated with pure flavonol intake. This work was performed with the aim of verifying whether a plant-based in vitro system, the pollen tube, could be used to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of exogenous flavonols. Increasing concentrations of the aglycone, quercetin, and its glycoside, rutin, were assayed with regard to tube growth of kiwifruit pollen, determined by applying the pollen tube growth test protocol. This test, based on the photometric quantification of pollen tube mass production in suspension cultures, has already been applied in the sensitive and reliable toxicological evaluation of a wide range of chemicals. Whereas 60-800 microM rutin promoted kiwifruit pollen tube elongation, 10-50 microM quercetin strongly inhibited growth, and also produced irreversible malformations, such as screw-like tube growth, abnormal vacuolation, alteration of organelle streaming, and nuclear positioning. Thus, the cytotoxic potentials of the two flavonols have been confirmed to differ. Pollen tubes seem to afford a promising test system for a preventive, rapid in vitro biosafety assessment of antioxidant nutritional supplements, without using laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Antognoni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Vu KV, Jeong CY, Nguyen TT, Dinh TTH, Lee H, Hong SW. Deficiency of AtGFAT1 activity impairs growth, pollen germination and tolerance to tunicamycin in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1775-1787. [PMID: 30775776 PMCID: PMC6436160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays essential roles in growth and development in plants. However, insight into the biological function of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1), mediating the first regulatory step of the HBP, remains unclear in plants. Here, we report the molecular characterization of Arabidopsis AtGFAT1 gene. AtGFAT1 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, but its expression was not detectable in the rest of the organs. Pollen grains bearing the gfat1-2 knockout allele displayed defects in a polar deposition of pectin and callose in the pollen cell wall, leading to no genetic transmission of the gfat1-2 allele through the male gametophyte. AtGFAT1 overexpression increased glucosamine (GlcN) content and enhanced resistance to tunicamycin (Tm) treatment, while RNAi-mediated suppression reduced GlcN content and resistance to Tm treatment. However, the decrease in Tm resistance by RNAi suppression of AtGFAT1 was recovered by a GlcN supplement. The exogenous GlcN supplement also rescued gfat1-2/gaft1-2 mutant plants, which were otherwise not viable. The gfat1-2/gfat1-2 plants stopped growing at the germination stage on GlcN-free medium, but GlcN supplement allowed wild-type growth of gfat1-2/gfat1-2 plants. In addition, reactive oxygen species production, cell death and a decrease in protein N-glycosylation were observed in gfat1-2/gaft1-2 mutant plants grown on GlcN-free medium, whereas these aberrant defects were not detectable on GlcN-sufficient medium. Taken together, these results show that the reduction of protein N-glycosylation was at least partially responsible for many aberrant phenotypes in growth and development as well as the response to Tm treatment caused by AtGFAT1 deficiency in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Van Vu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
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Lucas JA, Gutierrez-Albanchez E, Alfaya T, Feo-Brito F, Gutiérrez-Mañero FJ. Oxidative stress in ryegrass growing under different air pollution levels and its likely effects on pollen allergenicity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:331-340. [PMID: 30599310 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, for the first time in the literature, the relationship between the degree of air pollution, the physiological state of the plants and the allergenic capacity of the pollen they produce has been studied. The physiological state of Lolium perenne plants growing in two cities with a high degree of traffic, but with different levels of air pollution, Madrid and Ciudad Real, have been explored. The photosynthetic efficiency of the plants through the emission of fluorescence of PSII, the degree of oxidative stress (enzymatic activities related to the ascorbate-glutathione cycle), the redox state (reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione) and the concentration of malondialdehyde have been evaluated. During the development period of the plants, Madrid had higher levels of NO2 and SO2 than Ciudad Real. The greater degree of air pollution suffered by Madrid plants was reflected on a lower photosynthetic efficiency and a greater degree of oxidative stress. In addition, NADPH oxidase activity and H2O2 levels in pollen from Madrid were significantly higher, suggesting a likely higher allergenic capacity of this pollen associated to a higher air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Lucas
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Enrique Gutierrez-Albanchez
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
| | - Teresa Alfaya
- Allergy Section, General Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gutiérrez-Mañero
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The orchids are one of the beautiful creations of nature which stand apart from any other assemblage of flowering plants. They are highly evolutionary and ecologically significant group of plants that have effectively occupied almost every habitat on the earth. Indiscriminate collections and extermination of their natural habitats have threatened many species of orchids with extinction, resulting in a severe reduction of their genetic resources in nature according to recent patents. It is necessary to adopt sound scientific protocols for the preservation of orchid species. METHOD This cost-effective technique provides large storage time for the conservation of germplasm. Presently, efforts have been made to explore various cryopreservation techniques utilized so far and factors affecting the longevity of the propagules (in vivo and in vitro) while cryopreserving them. The sample to be cryopreserved is freeze-preserved in two ways, a) stepwise at two different subzero temperatures and b) in the rapid method, the samples are placed directly in the liquid nitrogen. RESULTS The orchid seeds and pollen are the most suitable propagules for cryopreservation of orchids due to their minute size and less space requirement. CONCLUSION Among the tissues (such as seeds, pollen, protocorms etc.) seeds are the most reliable. The present article reviews the cryopreservation techniques and factors effecting the cryopreservation, for in vitro conservation of orchid gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranjeet Kaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Distt.- Mohali, Punjab, India
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Dai P, Jack CJ, Mortensen AN, Bloomquist JR, Ellis JD. The impacts of chlorothalonil and diflubenzuron on Apis mellifera L. larvae reared in vitro. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 164:283-288. [PMID: 30125774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil is a broad-spectrum fungicide and diflubenzuron is an insect growth regulator used to control many insect larvae feeding on agricultural, forest and ornamental plants. Honey bee larvae may be exposed to both via contaminated pollen, in the form of beebread, added to their diet by their adult nurse sisters. In this study, we determined how single (acute: 72 h mortality) and repeated (chronic: mortality until emergence as adults) exposure to chlorothalonil and diflubenzuron in their diet affected honey bee larvae reared in vitro. The tested doses of chlorothalonil (20, 100, or 200 mg/L) did not impact 72 h larval mortality acutely relative to that of the solvent control. The 72 h mortality of larvae exposed to 1.6 mg/L and higher doses of diflubenzuron acutely in their diet (47.2-63.9% mortality) was significantly higher than that of larvae fed the solvent control, with no predictable dose dependent pattern observed. In the chronic toxicity tests, consuming an artificial diet with 30 or 100 mg/L chlorothalonil and 0.8, 1.3 or 2 mg/L diflubenzuron significantly lowered the survival of honey bee larvae over that of larvae feeding on the solvent control diet. We calculated risk quotients (RQs) for both compounds using the data we generated in our experiments. Collectively, the RQs suggest that neither compound is likely to affect larval mortality directly at field relevant doses given that pollen composes only a fraction of the total larval diet. Nevertheless, our data do not preclude any sublethal effects that chronic exposure to either compound may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Cameron J Jack
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ashley N Mortensen
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - James D Ellis
- Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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23
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Jin Y, Pan W, Zheng X, Cheng X, Liu M, Ma H, Ge X. OsERF101, an ERF family transcription factor, regulates drought stress response in reproductive tissues. Plant Mol Biol 2018; 98:51-65. [PMID: 30143992 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An ERF transcription factor OsERF101 is predominantly expressed in rice reproductive tissues and plays an important role in improving rice seed setting rate under drought stress. Drought reduces grain yield due to the cumulative damage effects to plant vegetative and reproductive developmental processes. However, the genes involved in these processes are still not completely understood. In this study, we identified a gene named OsERF101 as an important positive regulator in the adaptive responses to dehydration stress during the reproductive and vegetative stages. This gene encodes a member of APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Protein (AP2/EREBP) family. OsERF101 was predominantly expressed in flowers, particularly in the tapetum and microspores under normal growth conditions. It was induced by drought, PEG6000 and abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves. During the vegetative stage, OsERF101-overexpression plants were more resistant to osmotic stress caused by PEG6000 compared to the control plants. They also had higher survival and seed setting rates than wild type when subjected to reproductive-stage drought stress. Further physiological analysis revealed that the pollen fertility was improved in the overexpression lines, while the knockout mutant and RNAi lines showed reduced pollen fertility and compromised drought tolerance during the reproductive stage. The increased proline content and peroxidase activity in OsERF101-overexpression plants might contribute to the improved drought-tolerance of plants. In addition, OsERF101-overexpression plants displayed ABA susceptible phenotype, in which the expression levels of ABA-responsive genes RD22, LEA3, and PODs were up-regulated. Taken together, our results indicate that OsERF101 is a gene that regulates dehydration responses during the vegetative and reproductive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Weiyang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiufang Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hexi University, Zhangye, 734000, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xiaochun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Zhang WT, Li E, Guo YK, Yu SX, Wan ZY, Ma T, Li S, Hirano T, Sato MH, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis VAC14 Is Critical for Pollen Development through Mediating Vacuolar Organization. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:1529-1538. [PMID: 29884680 PMCID: PMC6084655 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollen viability depends on dynamic vacuolar changes during pollen development involving increases and decreases of vacuolar volume through water and osmolite accumulation and vacuolar fission. Mutations in FAB1A to FAB1D, the genes encoding phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]-converting kinases, are male gametophyte lethal in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) due to defective vacuolar fission after pollen mitosis I, suggesting a key role of the phospholipid in dynamic vacuolar organization. However, other genetic components that regulate the production of PI(3,5)P2 and its involvement in pollen germination and tube growth are unknown. Here, we identified and characterized Arabidopsis VAC14, a homolog of the yeast and metazoan VAC14s that are crucial for the production of PI(3,5)P2VAC14 is constitutively expressed and highly present in developing pollen. Loss of function of VAC14 was male gametophyte lethal due to defective pollen development. Ultrastructural studies showed that vacuolar fission after pollen mitosis I was compromised in vac14 mutant microspores, which led to pollen abortion. We further showed that inhibiting the production of PI(3,5)P2 or exogenous application of PI(3,5)P2 mimicked or rescued the pollen developmental defect of the vac14 mutant, respectively. Genetic interference and pharmacological approaches suggested a role of PI(3,5)P2 in pollen germination and tube growth. Our results provide insights into the function of VAC14 and, by inference, that of PI(3,5)P2 in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan-Kui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shi-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tomoko Hirano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masa H Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Bishop CA, Moran AJ, Toshack MC, Elle E, Maisonneuve F, Elliott JE. Hummingbirds and bumble bees exposed to neonicotinoid and organophosphate insecticides in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:2143-2152. [PMID: 29974994 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To measure exposure to neonicotinoid and other pesticides in avian pollinators, we made novel use of cloacal fluid and fecal pellets from rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Anna's (Calypte anna) hummingbirds living near blueberry fields in the Fraser River Valley and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. To examine on-farm exposure to pesticides in invertebrate pollinators, we also collected bumble bees native to Canada (Bombus mixtus, Bombus flavifrons, and Bombus melanopygus), their pollen, and blueberry leaves and flowers from within conventionally sprayed and organic blueberry farms. By sites and sample type, the results reported in the present study represent pooled samples (n = 1). In 2015 to 2016, the combined concentration of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin detected in hummingbird cloacal fluid from sites near conventionally sprayed blueberry fields was 3.63 ng/mL (ppb). Among the 18 compounds measured in fecal pellets, including one neonicotinoid (imidacloprid), only piperonyl butoxide was detected (1.47-5.96 ng/g). Piperonyl butoxide is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor applied with some insecticides to increase their toxic efficacy. Only diazinon was detected in bumble bees (0.197 ng/g), whereas diazinon (1.54-1.7 ng/g) and imidacloprid (up to 18.4 ng/g) were detected in pollen collected from bumble bees including the bees from organic sites located near conventionally sprayed blueberry farms. Imidacloprid was also detected at 5.16 ng/g in blueberry flowers collected 1 yr post spray from 1 of 6 conventionally sprayed blueberry farms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2143-2152. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Bishop
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison J Moran
- Rocky Point Bird Observatory, Hummingbird Project of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michelle C Toshack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Elle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - France Maisonneuve
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Water Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
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Ismael MA, Elyamine AM, Zhao YY, Moussa MG, Rana MS, Afzal J, Imran M, Zhao XH, Hu CX. Can Selenium and Molybdenum Restrain Cadmium Toxicity to Pollen Grains in Brassica napus? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2163. [PMID: 30042365 PMCID: PMC6121452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic, even at very low concentrations, to both animals and plants. Pollen is extremely sensitive to heavy metal pollutants; however, less attention has been paid to the protection of this vital part under heavy metal stress. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of foliar application of Se (1 mg/L) and Mo (0.3 mg/L) either alone or in combination on their absorption, translocation, and their impact on Cd uptake and its further distribution in Brassica napus, as well as the impact of these fertilizers on the pollen grains morphology, viability, and germination rate in B. napus under Cd stress. Foliar application of either Se or Mo could counteract Cd toxicity and increase the plant biomass, while combined application of Se and Mo solutions on B. napus has no significant promotional effect on plant root and stem, but reduces the seeds' weight by 10⁻11%. Se and Mo have decreased the accumulated Cd in seeds by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Microscopic studies, SEM, and pollen viability tests demonstrated that pollen grains could be negatively affected by Cd, thus disturbing the plant fertility. Se and Mo foliar application could reduce the toxic symptoms in pollen grains when the one or the other was sprayed alone on plants. In an in vitro pollen germination test, 500 μM Cd stress could strongly inhibit the pollen germination rate to less than 2.5%, however, when Se (10 μM) or Mo (1.0 μM) was added to the germination medium, the rate increased, reaching 66.2% and 39.4%, respectively. At the molecular level, Se and Mo could greatly affect the expression levels of some genes related to Cd uptake by roots (IRT1), Cd transport (HMA2 and HMA4), Cd sequestration in plant vacuoles (HMA3), and the final Cd distribution in plant tissue at the physiological level (PCS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ismael
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Ali Mohamed Elyamine
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mohamed G Moussa
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Soil and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abou Zaabl 13759, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Rana
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Javaria Afzal
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Hu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kovaleva LV, Voronkov AS, Zakharova EV, Andreev IM. ABA and IAA control microsporogenesis in Petunia hybrida L. Protoplasma 2018; 255:751-759. [PMID: 29134282 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of fertile male gametophyte is known to require timely degeneration of polyfunctional tapetum tissue. The last process caused by the programmed cell death (PCD) is a part of the anther program maturation which leads to sequential anther tissue destruction coordinated with pollen differentiation. In the present work, distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in developing anthers of male-fertile and male-sterile lines of petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) was analyzed by using the immunohistochemical method. It was established that the development of fertile male gametophyte was accompanied by monotonous elevation of ABA and IAA levels in reproductive cells and, in contrast, their monotonous lowering in tapetum cells and the middle layers. Abortion of microsporocytes in the meiosis prophase in the sterile line caused by premature tapetum degeneration along with complete maintenance of the middle layers was accompanied by dramatic, twofold elevation in the levels of both the phytohormones in reproductive cells. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that at the meiosis stage ABA and IAA are involved in the PCD of microsporocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kovaleva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - A S Voronkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- State Humanitarian-Technological University, Zelenaya St. 22, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, 142611, Russia
| | - E V Zakharova
- Russian State Agrarian University-Agricultural Academy named by Timiryazev, Timiryazevskaya St. 49, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - I M Andreev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Sim JS, Kesawat MS, Kumar M, Kim SY, Mani V, Subramanian P, Park S, Lee CM, Kim SR, Hahn BS. Lack of the α1,3-Fucosyltransferase Gene ( Osfuct) Affects Anther Development and Pollen Viability in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041225. [PMID: 29670011 PMCID: PMC5979348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is one of the key post-translational modifications. α1,3-Fucosyltransferase (OsFucT) is responsible for transferring α1,3-linked fucose residues to the glycoprotein N-glycan in plants. We characterized an Osfuct mutant that displayed pleiotropic developmental defects, such as impaired anther and pollen development, diminished growth, shorter plant height, fewer tillers, and shorter panicle length and internodes under field conditions. In addition, the anthers were curved, the pollen grains were shriveled, and pollen viability and pollen number per anther decreased dramatically in the mutant. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analyses of the N-glycans revealed that α1,3-fucose was lacking in the N-glycan structure of the mutant. Mutant complementation revealed that the phenotype was caused by loss of Osfuct function. Transcriptome profiling also showed that several genes essential for plant developmental processes were significantly altered in the mutant, including protein kinases, transcription factors, genes involved in metabolism, genes related to protein synthesis, and hypothetical proteins. Moreover, the mutant exhibited sensitivity to an increased concentration of salt. This study facilitates a further understanding of the function of genes mediating N-glycan modification and anther and pollen development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Soo Sim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Mahipal Singh Kesawat
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Vimalraj Mani
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Soyoung Park
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Chang-Muk Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ryong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Bum-Soo Hahn
- Metabolic Engineering Division, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
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Ruddle N, Elston C, Klein O, Hamberger A, Thompson H. Effects of exposure to winter oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam-treated seed on the red mason bee Osmia bicornis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:1071-1083. [PMID: 29120069 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on wild bees. In solitary bee species the direct link between each individual female and reproductive success offers the opportunity to evaluate effects on individuals. The present study investigated effects of exposure to winter oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam-treated seed on reproductive behavior and output of solitary red mason bees (Osmia bicornis) released in 6 pairs of fields over a 2-yr period and confined to tunnels in a single year. After adjustment to the number of females released, there was significantly lower production of cells and cocoons/female in tunnels than in open field conditions. This difference may be because of the lack of alternative forage within the tunnels. Under open field conditions, palynology of the pollen provisions within the nests demonstrated a maximum average of 31% oilseed rape pollen at any site, with Quercus (oak) contributing up to 86% of the pollen. There were no significant effects from exposure to oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam-treated seed from nest establishment through cell production to emergence under tunnel or field conditions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1071-1083. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ruddle
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Elston
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Klein
- Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Anja Hamberger
- Eurofins Agroscience Services Ecotox, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Helen Thompson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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Benca JP, Duijnstee IAP, Looy CV. UV-B-induced forest sterility: Implications of ozone shield failure in Earth's largest extinction. Sci Adv 2018; 4:e1700618. [PMID: 29441357 PMCID: PMC5810612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although Siberian Trap volcanism is considered a primary driver of the largest extinction in Earth history, the end-Permian crisis, the relationship between these events remains unclear. However, malformations in fossilized gymnosperm pollen from the extinction interval suggest biological stress coinciding with pulsed forest decline. These grains are hypothesized to have been caused by enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation from volcanism-induced ozone shield deterioration. We tested this proposed mechanism by observing the effects of inferred end-Permian UV-B regimes on pollen development and reproductive success in living conifers. We find that pollen malformation frequencies increase fivefold under high UV-B intensities. Surprisingly, all trees survived but were sterilized under enhanced UV-B. These results support the hypothesis that heightened UV-B stress could have contributed not only to pollen malformation production but also to deforestation during Permian-Triassic crisis intervals. By reducing the fertility of several widespread gymnosperm lineages, pulsed ozone shield weakening could have induced repeated terrestrial biosphere destabilization and food web collapse without exerting a direct "kill" mechanism on land plants or animals. These findings challenge the paradigm that mass extinctions require kill mechanisms and suggest that modern conifer forests may be considerably more vulnerable to anthropogenic ozone layer depletion than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Benca
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ivo A. P. Duijnstee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Cindy V. Looy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, CA 94720–2465, USA
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Ganie ZA, Jhala AJ. Modeling pollen-mediated gene flow from glyphosate-resistant to -susceptible giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) under field conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17067. [PMID: 29213093 PMCID: PMC5719015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to quantify pollen mediated gene flow (PMGF) from glyphosate-resistant (GR) to glyphosate-susceptible (GS) giant ragweed under simulated field conditions using glyphosate resistance as a selective marker. Field experiments were conducted in a concentric design with the GR giant ragweed pollen source planted in the center and GS giant ragweed pollen receptors surrounding the center in eight directional blocks at specified distances (between 0.1 and 35 m in cardinal and ordinal directions; and additional 50 m for ordinal directions). Seeds of GS giant ragweed were harvested from the pollen receptor blocks and a total of 100,938 giant ragweed plants were screened with glyphosate applied at 2,520 g ae ha-1 and 16,813 plants confirmed resistant. The frequency of PMGF was fit to a double exponential decay model selected by information-theoretic criteria. The highest frequency of gene flow (0.43 to 0.60) was observed at ≤0.5 m from the pollen source and reduced rapidly with increasing distances; however, gene flow (0.03 to 0.04) was detected up to 50 m. The correlation between PMGF and wind parameters was inconsistent in magnitude, direction, and years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor A Ganie
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amit J Jhala
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583, Nebraska, USA.
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Pogányová A, Kerekeš E, Mičieta K. The ecogenotoxic plant biomonitoring of a long-term polluted area in central Slovakia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27376-27383. [PMID: 28975534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze, update, and complete the results of research in the field of in situ phytoindication of environmental genotoxicity near the aluminum plant in Žiar nad Hronom in central Slovakia. The authors focused on two methodologies: pollen abortivity assay of native flora and Trad-MCN assay. Comparison of changes in responses of living systems to changes in precipitation was conducted, and it suggests that there is an existence of an impact from a dilution effect to the plants. Also, the gradual increase of pollen abortivity in the 1990s and its decrease from 2009 were observed in a majority of species of wild flora. On an annual basis, abortivity has declined, although it has risen up slightly within each season. Despite a gradual decrease in the micronucleus frequency, the study area is still influenced by the ecogenotoxic factors. Pollen analysis of native flora and introduced Tradescantia plants indicates the long-time presence of ecogenotoxicity in this region due to the presence of aluminum plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pogányová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia.
| | - Erik Kerekeš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Révova 39, 811 02, Bratislava 1, Slovakia
| | - Karol Mičieta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Révova 39, 811 02, Bratislava 1, Slovakia
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Ribeiro H, Costa C, Abreu I, Esteves da Silva JCG. Effect of O 3 and NO 2 atmospheric pollutants on Platanus x acerifolia pollen: Immunochemical and spectroscopic analysis. Sci Total Environ 2017; 599-600:291-297. [PMID: 28477486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of two important oxidizing atmospheric pollutants (O3 and NO2) on the allergenic properties and chemical composition of Platanus x acerifolia pollen were studied. Pollen samples were subjected to O3 and/or NO2 under in vitro conditions for 6h at atmospheric concentration levels (O3: 0.061ppm; NO2: 0.025ppm and the mixture of O3 and NO2: 0.060 and 0.031ppm respectively). Immunoblotting (using Pla a 1 and Pla a 2 antibodies), infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques were used. Immunochemical analysis showed that pollen allergenicity changes were different according to the pollutant tested (gas or mixture of gasses) and that the same pollutant gas may interact in a different manner with each specific allergen. The spectroscopy results showed modifications in the FTIR spectral features of bands assigned to proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides of the pollen exposed to the pollutants, as well as in the XPS spectra high-resolution components C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s. This indicates that while airborne, the pollen wall suffers further modifications of its components induced by air pollution, which can compromise the pollen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute, Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Célia Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute, Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Earth Sciences Institute, Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centre of Investigation in Chemistry (CIQ-UP), University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Yan J, Chia JC, Sheng H, Jung HI, Zavodna TO, Zhang L, Huang R, Jiao C, Craft EJ, Fei Z, Kochian LV, Vatamaniuk OK. Arabidopsis Pollen Fertility Requires the Transcription Factors CITF1 and SPL7 That Regulate Copper Delivery to Anthers and Jasmonic Acid Synthesis. Plant Cell 2017; 29:3012-3029. [PMID: 29114014 PMCID: PMC5757271 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A deficiency of the micronutrient copper (Cu) leads to infertility and grain/seed yield reduction in plants. How Cu affects fertility, which reproductive structures require Cu, and which transcriptional networks coordinate Cu delivery to reproductive organs is poorly understood. Using RNA-seq analysis, we showed that the expression of a gene encoding a novel transcription factor, CITF1 (Cu-DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1), was strongly upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana flowers subjected to Cu deficiency. We demonstrated that CITF1 regulates Cu uptake into roots and delivery to flowers and is required for normal plant growth under Cu deficiency. CITF1 acts together with a master regulator of copper homeostasis, SPL7 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE7), and the function of both is required for Cu delivery to anthers and pollen fertility. We also found that Cu deficiency upregulates the expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic genes in flowers and increases endogenous JA accumulation in leaves. These effects are controlled in part by CITF1 and SPL7. Finally, we show that JA regulates CITF1 expression and that the JA biosynthetic mutant lacking the CITF1- and SPL7-regulated genes, LOX3 and LOX4, is sensitive to Cu deficiency. Together, our data show that CITF1 and SPL7 regulate Cu uptake and delivery to anthers, thereby influencing fertility, and highlight the relationship between Cu homeostasis, CITF1, SPL7, and the JA metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Yan
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Ju-Chen Chia
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Huajin Sheng
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Ha-Il Jung
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Tetiana-Olena Zavodna
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Lu Zhang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Rong Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Eric J Craft
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853-2901
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Olena K Vatamaniuk
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Pandey P, Daghma DS, Houben A, Kumlehn J, Melzer M, Rutten T. Dynamics of post-translationally modified histones during barley pollen embryogenesis in the presence or absence of the epi-drug trichostatin A. Plant Reprod 2017; 30:95-105. [PMID: 28526911 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving pollen embryogenesis. Despite the agro-economic importance of pollen embryogenesis, the mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. We describe the dynamics of chromatin modifications (histones H3K4me2, H3K9ac, H3K9me2, and H3K27me3) and chromatin marks (RNA polymerase II CDC phospho-Ser5, and CENH3) during barley pollen embryogenesis. Immunolabeling results show that, in reaction to stress, immature pollen rapidly starts reorganizing several important chromatin modifications indicative of a change in cell fate. This new chromatin modification pattern was accomplished within 24 h from whereon it remained unaltered during subsequent mitotic activity. This indicates that cell fate transition, the central element of pollen embryogenesis, is completed early on during the induction process. Application of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A stimulated pollen embryogenesis when used on pollen with a gametophytic style chromatin pattern. However, when this drug was administered to embryogenic pollen, the chromatin markers reversed toward a gametophytic profile, embryogenesis was halted and all pollen invariably died.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pandey
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Diaa S Daghma
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.
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de Paula AF, Dinato NB, Vigna BBZ, Fávero AP. Recombinants from the crosses between amphidiploid and cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) for pest-resistance breeding programs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175940. [PMID: 28423007 PMCID: PMC5396913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut is a major oilseed crop worldwide. In the Brazilian peanut production, silvering thrips and red necked peanut worm are the most threatening pests. Resistant varieties are considered an alternative to pest control. Many wild diploid Arachis species have shown resistance to these pests, and these can be used in peanut breeding by obtaining hybrid of A and B genomes and subsequent polyploidization with colchicine, resulting in an AABB amphidiploid. This amphidiploid can be crossed with cultivated peanut (AABB) to provide genes of interest to the cultivar. In this study, the sterile diploid hybrids from A. magna V 13751 and A. kempff-mercadoi V 13250 were treated with colchicine for polyploidization, and the amphidiploids were crossed with A. hypogaea cv. IAC OL 4 to initiate the introgression of the wild genes into the cultivated peanut. The confirmation of the hybridity of the progenies was obtained by: (1) reproductive characterization through viability of pollen, (2) molecular characterization using microsatellite markers and (3) morphological characterization using 61 morphological traits with principal component analysis. The diploid hybrid individual was polyploidized, generating the amphidiploid An 13 (A. magna V 13751 x A. kempff-mercadoi V 13250)4x. Four F1 hybrid plants were obtained from IAC OL 4 × An 13, and 51 F2 seeds were obtained from these F1 plants. Using reproductive, molecular and morphological characterizations, it was possible to distinguish hybrid plants from selfed plants. In the cross between A. hypogaea and the amphidiploid, as the two parents are polyploid, the hybrid progeny and selves had the viability of the pollen grains as high as the parents. This fact turns the use of reproductive characteristics impossible for discriminating, in this case, the hybrid individuals from selfing. The hybrids between A. hypogaea and An 13 will be used in breeding programs seeking pest resistance, being subjected to successive backcrosses until recovering all traits of interest of A. hypogaea, keeping the pest resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailton Ferreira de Paula
- Departamendo de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Naiana Barbosa Dinato
- Departamendo de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
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Sponsler DB, Johnson RM. Mechanistic modeling of pesticide exposure: The missing keystone of honey bee toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:871-881. [PMID: 27769096 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of pesticides in recent honey bee losses is controversial, partly because field studies often fail to detect effects predicted by laboratory studies. This dissonance highlights a critical gap in the field of honey bee toxicology: there exists little mechanistic understanding of the patterns and processes of exposure that link honey bees to pesticides in their environment. The authors submit that 2 key processes underlie honey bee pesticide exposure: 1) the acquisition of pesticide by foraging bees, and 2) the in-hive distribution of pesticide returned by foragers. The acquisition of pesticide by foraging bees must be understood as the spatiotemporal intersection between environmental contamination and honey bee foraging activity. This implies that exposure is distributional, not discrete, and that a subset of foragers may acquire harmful doses of pesticide while the mean colony exposure would appear safe. The in-hive distribution of pesticide is a complex process driven principally by food transfer interactions between colony members, and this process differs importantly between pollen and nectar. High priority should be placed on applying the extensive literature on honey bee biology to the development of more rigorously mechanistic models of honey bee pesticide exposure. In combination with mechanistic effects modeling, mechanistic exposure modeling has the potential to integrate the field of honey bee toxicology, advancing both risk assessment and basic research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:871-881. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reed M Johnson
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
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Junqueira VB, Costa AC, Boff T, Müller C, Mendonça MAC, Batista PF. Pollen viability, physiology, and production of maize plants exposed to pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 137:42-48. [PMID: 28364803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of fungicides in maize has been more frequent due to an increase in the incidence of diseases and also the possible physiological benefits that some of these products may cause. However, some of these products (e.g., strobilurins and triazoles) may interfere with physiological processes and the formation of reproductive organs. Therefore, the effect of these products on plants at different developmental stages needs to be better understood to reduce losses and maximize production. The effect of the fungicide pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole (P+E) was evaluated at different growth stages in meiosis, pollen grain viability and germination, physiology, and production of maize plants in the absence of disease. An experiment was carried out with the hybrid DKB390 PROII and the application of pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole at the recommended dose and an untreated control at 3 different timings (S1 - V10; S2 - V14; S3 - R1) with 5 replications. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, pollen viability and germination, as well as the hundred-grain weight were evaluated. Anthers were collected from plants of S1 for cytogenetic analysis. The fungicide pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole reduced the viability of pollen grains (1.4%), but this was not enough to reduce production. Moreover, no differences were observed in any of the other parameters analyzed, suggesting that P+E at the recommended dose and the tested stages does not cause toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Barbosa Junqueira
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Boff
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberlândia, Caixa Postal 1020, 38400-970 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Müller
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Maria Andréia Corrêa Mendonça
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Ferreira Batista
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Produtividade Vegetal, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil.
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Ureta MS, Torres Carbonell F, Pandolfo C, Presotto AD, Cantamutto MA, Poverene M. IMI resistance associated to crop-weed hybridization in a natural Brassica rapa population: characterization and fate. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:101. [PMID: 28185156 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild turnip (Brassica rapa) is a common weed and a close relative to oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The Clearfield® production system is a highly adopted tool which provides an alternative solution for weed management, but its efficiency is threatened by gene transfer from crop to weed relatives. Crop-weed hybrids with herbicide resistance were found in the progeny of a B. rapa population gathered from a weedy stand on the borders of an oilseed rape (B. napus) imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant crop. Interspecific hybrids were confirmed by morphological traits in the greenhouse and experimental field, survival after imazethapyr applications, DNA content through flow cytometry, and pollen viability. The transference of herbicide resistance was demonstrated even in a particular situation of pollen competition between both an herbicide-resistant crop and a non-resistant crop. However, IMI resistance was not found in further generations collected at the same location. These results verify gene transmission from oilseed rape to B. rapa in the main crop area in Argentina where resistant and susceptible varieties are found and seed loss and crop volunteers are common. Hybridization, introgression, and herbicide selection would be associated with the loss of effectiveness of IMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ureta
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur and CERZOS-CCT, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - F Torres Carbonell
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur and CERZOS-CCT, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - C Pandolfo
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur and CERZOS-CCT, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A D Presotto
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur and CERZOS-CCT, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M A Cantamutto
- EEA INTA, Hilario Ascasubi, Ruta 3 km 794, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Poverene
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur and CERZOS-CCT, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Cecchetti V, Celebrin D, Napoli N, Ghelli R, Brunetti P, Costantino P, Cardarelli M. An auxin maximum in the middle layer controls stamen development and pollen maturation in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2017; 213:1194-1207. [PMID: 27659765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the role of auxin distribution in controlling Arabidopsis thaliana late stamen development. We analysed auxin distribution in anthers by monitoring DR5 activity: at different flower developmental stages; inhibiting auxin transport; in the rpk2-3 and ems1 mutants devoid of middle layer (ML) or tapetum, respectively; and in the auxin biosynthesis yuc6 and perception afb1-3 mutants. We ran a phenotypic, DR5::GUS and gene expression analysis of yuc6rpk2 and afb1rpk2 double mutants, and of 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)-treated flower buds. We show that an auxin maximum, caused by transport from the tapetum, is established in the ML at the inception of late stamen development. rpk2-3 mutant stamens lacking the ML have an altered auxin distribution with excessive accumulation in adjacent tissues, causing non-functional pollen grains, indehiscent anthers and reduced filament length; the expression of genes controlling stamen development is also altered in rpk2-3 as well as in NPA-treated flower buds. By decreasing auxin biosynthesis or perception in the rpk2-3 background, we eliminated these developmental and gene expression anomalies. We propose that the auxin maximum in the ML plays a key role in late stamen development, as it ensures correct and coordinated pollen maturation, anther dehiscence and filament elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecchetti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Celebrin
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Napoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Cardarelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari (IBPM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Ferguson AC, Pearce S, Band LR, Yang C, Ferjentsikova I, King J, Yuan Z, Zhang D, Wilson ZA. Biphasic regulation of the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) is essential for tapetum and pollen development in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 2017; 213:778-790. [PMID: 27787905 PMCID: PMC5215365 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Viable pollen is essential for plant reproduction and crop yield. Its production requires coordinated expression at specific stages during anther development, involving early meiosis-associated events and late pollen wall formation. The ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) transcription factor is a master regulator of sporopollenin biosynthesis, secretion and pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis. Here we show that it has complex regulation and additional essential roles earlier in pollen formation. An inducible-AMS reporter was created for functional rescue, protein expression pattern analysis, and to distinguish between direct and indirect targets. Mathematical modelling was used to create regulatory networks based on wild-type RNA and protein expression. Dual activity of AMS was defined by biphasic protein expression in anther tapetal cells, with an initial peak around pollen meiosis and then later during pollen wall development. Direct AMS-regulated targets exhibit temporal regulation, indicating that additional factors are associated with their regulation. We demonstrate that AMS biphasic expression is essential for pollen development, and defines distinct functional activities during early and late pollen development. Mathematical modelling suggests that AMS may competitively form a protein complex with other tapetum-expressed transcription factors, and that biphasic regulation is due to repression of upstream regulators and promotion of AMS protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Ferguson
- Division of Plant & Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Simon Pearce
- Faculty of BiologyUniversity of ManchesterMichael Smith Building, Oxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- School of MathematicsUniversity of ManchesterAlan Turing Building, Oxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Leah R. Band
- Division of Plant & Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
- Centre for Plant Integrative BiologyUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
- School of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Division of Plant & Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - Ivana Ferjentsikova
- Division of Plant & Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
| | - John King
- Centre for Plant Integrative BiologyUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
- School of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesShanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and HealthSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesShanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and HealthSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Zoe A. Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
- Centre for Plant Integrative BiologyUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughborough, LeicestershireLE12 5RDUK
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Karun A, Sajini KK, Muralikrishna KS, Rajesh MK, Engelmann F. Cryopreservation of Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) Pollen. Cryo Letters 2017; 38:463-470. [PMID: 29734442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation opens new avenues in the field of genetic resource conservation, especially in recalcitrant seeded palms such as arecanut for which field genebanks are exposed to pest and disease attacks and natural calamities. It is only through cryopreservation that the safety of the conserved germplasm can be assured at a relatively low cost for extended periods. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to standardize various aspects of arecanut pollen cryopreservation, viz. collection and desiccation of pollen, in vitro germination, viability and fecundity studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pollens of three arecanut genotypes (Sumangala, Hirehalli Dwarf and Hirehalli Dwarf x Sumangala) were collected in December 2013-February 2014. In vitro viability tests were conducted using fresh and desiccated pollen. Desiccated pollen was cryopreserved by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen and cryostored for different durations (24 hours to 2 years). Viability and fertility studies were conducted using cryopreserved pollen. RESULTS Pollen extraction was achieved from fully opened male flowers by desiccation at room temperature (33-34 degree C). A medium containing 2.5 g/L sucrose was found to be best for in vitro germination at room temperature. There was no significant difference in germination between desiccated and cryopreserved pollen whereas pollen tube length decreased significantly after cryopreservation. Fertility studies using HD x Sumangala pollen cryostored for various durations (1 month, 1 year and 2 years) showed the setting of 70, 43 and 62%, respectively. Normal nut set was observed using cryopreserved pollen. CONCLUSION Pollen cryopreservation is a viable option for germplasm conservation and hybridization programmes in arecanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karun
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India
| | - K K Sajini
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India.
| | - K S Muralikrishna
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India
| | - M K Rajesh
- ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India
| | - F Engelmann
- IRD, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
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Liu B, De Storme N, Geelen D. Gibberellin Induces Diploid Pollen Formation by Interfering with Meiotic Cytokinesis. Plant Physiol 2017; 173:338-353. [PMID: 27621423 PMCID: PMC5210705 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) controls many physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell elongation, seed germination, and response to abiotic stress. In this study, we report that exogenous treatment of flowering Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with GA specifically affects the process of male meiotic cytokinesis leading to meiotic restitution and the production of diploid (2n) pollen grains. Similar defects in meiotic cell division and reproductive ploidy stability occur in Arabidopsis plants depleted of RGA and GAI, two members of the DELLA family that function as suppressor of GA signaling. Cytological analysis of the double rga-24 gai-t6 mutant revealed that defects in male meiotic cytokinesis are not caused by alterations in meiosis I (MI or meiosis II (MII) chromosome dynamics, but instead result from aberrations in the spatial organization of the phragmoplast-like radial microtubule arrays (RMAs) at the end of meiosis II. In line with a role for GA in the genetic regulation of the male reproductive system, we additionally show that DELLA downstream targets MYB33 and MYB65 are redundantly required for functional RMA biosynthesis and male meiotic cytokinesis. By analyzing the expression of pRGA::GFP-RGA in the wild-type Landsberg erecta background, we demonstrate that the GFP-RGA protein is specifically expressed in the anther cell layers surrounding the meiocytes and microspores, suggesting that appropriate GA signaling in the somatic anther tissue is critical for male meiotic cell wall formation and thus plays an important role in consolidating the male gametophytic ploidy consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico De Storme
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Breygina MA, Abramochkin DV, Maksimov NM, Yermakov IP. Hydrogen peroxide affects ion channels in lily pollen grain protoplasts. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:761-7. [PMID: 27115728 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ion homeostasis plays a central role in polarisation and polar growth. In several cell types ion channels are controlled by reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the most important cells in the plant life cycle is the male gametophyte, which grows under the tight control of both ion fluxes and ROS balance. The precise relationship between these two factors in pollen tubes has not been completely elucidated, and in pollen grains it has never been studied to date. In the present study we used a simple model - protoplasts obtained from lily pollen grains at the early germination stage - to reveal the effect of H2 O2 on cation fluxes crucial for pollen germination. Here we present direct evidence for two ROS-sensitive currents on the pollen grain plasma membrane: the hyperpolarisation-activated calcium current, which is strongly enhanced by H2 O2 , and the outward potassium current, which is modestly enhanced by H2 O2 . We used low concentrations of H2 O2 that do not cause an intracellular oxidative burst and do not damage cells, as demonstrated with fluorescent staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Breygina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Abramochkin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N M Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I P Yermakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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45
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Mišík M, Kundi M, Pichler C, Filipic M, Rainer B, Mišíková K, Nersesyan A, Knasmueller S. Impact of common cytostatic drugs on pollen fertility in higher plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:14730-14738. [PMID: 25779110 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytostatic drugs are among the most toxic chemicals which are produced. Many of them cause damage of the genetic material which may affect the fertility of higher organisms. To study the impact of the widely used anticancer drugs [cisplatin (CisPt), etoposide (Et), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)] on the reproduction of higher plants, pollen abortion experiments were conducted with species which belong to major plant families, namely with Tradescantia paludosa (Commelinaceae), Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae), Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae), and Alisma plantago-aquatica (Alismataceae). All compounds increased the frequencies of abortive grains. The lowest effective doses were in general in a narrow range (i.e., 1 and 10 mg/kg of dry soil). The effects of the individual drugs were similar in T. paludosa, A. plantago-aquatica, and Ch. majus, while A. thaliana was consistently less sensitive. The highest abortion rate was obtained in most experiments with CisPt, followed by 5-FU and Et. Comparisons of the doses which caused effects in the present experiments in the different species with the predicted environment concentrations and with the levels of the cytostatics which were detected in hospital wastewaters show that the realistic environmental concentrations of the drugs are 4-6 orders of magnitude lower. Therefore, it is unlikely that these drugs affect the fertility of higher plants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Pichler
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Rainer
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarina Mišíková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Liu CH, Lu RJ, Guo GM, He T, Li YB, Xu HW, Gao RH, Chen ZW, Huang JH. Transcriptome analysis reveals translational regulation in barley microspore-derived embryogenic callus under salt stress. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:1719-1728. [PMID: 27137210 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of barley embryogenic callus from isolated microspore culture under salt stress uncovered a role of translation inhibition and selective activation of stress-specific proteins in cellular defense. Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which constrains the plant growth and reduces the productivity of field crops. In this study, it was observed that the salt stress in barley isolated microspore culture impacted not only on the quantity of embryogenic callus but also on the quality for later differentiation. The barley microspore-derived embryogenic callus, a transient intermediate form linked cells and plants, was employed for a global transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing to provide new insights into the cellular adaptation or acclimation to stress. A total of 596 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, in which 123 DEGs were up-regulated and 473 DEGs were down-regulated in the embryogenic callus produced from microspore culture under salt stress as compared to the control conditions. KEGG pathway analysis identified 'translation' (27 DEGs; 12.56 %) as the largest group and followed by 'folding, sorting and degradation' (25 DEGs; 11.63 %) in 215 mapped metabolic pathways. The results of RNA-Seq data and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validation showed that the genes related to translation regulation (such as eIF1A, RPLP0, RPLP2, VARS) were down-regulated to control general protein synthesis, and the genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress response (such as small heat shock protein genes) were selectively up-regulated against protein denaturing during microspore embryogenesis under continuous salt stress. These transcriptional remodeling might affect the essential protein synthesis for the cell development to fulfill totipotency under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hong Liu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Rui-Ju Lu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Gui-Mei Guo
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Ting He
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Ying-Bo Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Run-Hong Gao
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, 201106, China.
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Lu R, Chen Z, Gao R, He T, Wang Y, Xu H, Guo G, Li Y, Liu C, Huang J. Genotypes-Independent Optimization of Nitrogen Supply for Isolated Microspore Cultures in Barley. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:1801646. [PMID: 27525264 PMCID: PMC4976150 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1801646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To establish a high-efficiency system of isolated microspore culture for different barley genotypes, we investigated the effects of nitrogen sources and concentrations on callus induction and plant regeneration in different barley genotypes. The results showed that the organic nitrogen sources greatly increased the callus induction, and the great reduction of total nitrogen sources would significantly decrease the callus induction. And the further optimization experiments revealed that the increasing of organic nitrogen sources was much important in callus induction while it seemed different in plant regeneration. Based on the great effects of organic nitrogen on callus induction, the medium of N6-ANO1/4-2000 might be the best choice for the microspore culture system. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that there were clear differences of genetic backgrounds among these barley genotypes, and it also suggested that this medium for microspore culture had widespread utilization in different barley genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiju Lu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Runhong Gao
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Ting He
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guimei Guo
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
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Hölscher C, Lutterbey MC, Lansing H, Meyer T, Fischer K, von Schaewen A. Defects in Peroxisomal 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Isoform PGD2 Prevent Gametophytic Interaction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:192-205. [PMID: 26941195 PMCID: PMC4854672 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied the localization of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) isoforms of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Similar polypeptide lengths of PGD1, PGD2, and PGD3 obscured which isoform may represent the cytosolic and/or plastidic enzyme plus whether PGD2 with a peroxisomal targeting motif also might target plastids. Reporter-fusion analyses in protoplasts revealed that, with a free N terminus, PGD1 and PGD3 accumulate in the cytosol and chloroplasts, whereas PGD2 remains in the cytosol. Mutagenesis of a conserved second ATG enhanced the plastidic localization of PGD1 and PGD3 but not PGD2. Amino-terminal deletions of PGD2 fusions with a free C terminus resulted in peroxisomal import after dimerization, and PGD2 could be immunodetected in purified peroxisomes. Repeated selfing of pgd2 transfer (T-)DNA alleles yielded no homozygous mutants, although siliques and seeds of heterozygous plants developed normally. Detailed analyses of the C-terminally truncated PGD2-1 protein showed that peroxisomal import and catalytic activity are abolished. Reciprocal backcrosses of pgd2-1 suggested that missing PGD activity in peroxisomes primarily affects the male gametophyte. Tetrad analyses in the quartet1-2 background revealed that pgd2-1 pollen is vital and in vitro germination normal, but pollen tube growth inside stylar tissues appeared less directed. Mutual gametophytic sterility was overcome by complementation with a genomic construct but not with a version lacking the first ATG. These analyses showed that peroxisomal PGD2 activity is required for guided growth of the male gametophytes and pollen tube-ovule interaction. Our report finally demonstrates an essential role of oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway reactions in peroxisomes, likely needed to sustain critical levels of nitric oxide and/or jasmonic acid, whose biosynthesis both depend on NADPH provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hölscher
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Lutterbey
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes Lansing
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Meyer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Valdovinos-Flores C, Gaspar-Ramírez O, Heras–Ramírez ME, Lara-Álvarez C, Dorantes-Ugalde JA, Saldaña-Loza LM. Boron and Coumaphos Residues in Hive Materials Following Treatments for the Control of Aethina tumida Murray. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153551. [PMID: 27092938 PMCID: PMC4836730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search of alternatives for controlling Aethina tumida Murray, we recently proposed the BAA trap which uses boric acid and an attractant which mimics the process of fermentation caused by Kodamaea ohmeri in the hive. This yeast is excreted in the feces of A. tumida causing the fermentation of pollen and honey of infested hives and releasing compounds that function as aggregation pheromones to A. tumida. Since the boron is the toxic element in boric acid, the aim of this article is to assess the amount of boron residues in honey and beeswax from hives treated with the BAA trap. For this aim, the amount of bioaccumulated boron in products of untreated hives was first determined and then compared with the amount of boron of products from hives treated with the BAA trap in two distinct climatic and soil conditions. The study was conducted in the cities of Padilla, Tamaulipas, and Valladolid, Yucatan (Mexico) from August 2014 to March 2015. The quantity of boron in honey was significantly less in Yucatan than in Tamaulipas; this agrees with the boron deficiency among Luvisol and Leptosol soils found in Yucatan compared to the Vertisol soil found in Tamaulipas. In fact, the honey from Yucatan has lower boron levels than those reported in the literature. The BAA treatment was applied for four months, results show that the BAA trap does not have any residual effect in either honey or wax; i.e., there is no significant difference in boron content before and after treatment. On the other hand, the organophosphate pesticide coumaphos was found in 100% of wax samples and in 64% of honey samples collected from Yucatan. The concentration of coumaphos in honey ranges from 0.005 to 0.040 mg/kg, which are below Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) allowed in the European Union (0.1 mg/kg) but 7.14% of samples exceeded the MRL allowed in Canada (0.02 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Valdovinos-Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental/ Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas/ Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Noroeste Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
| | - María Elena Heras–Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad Noroeste Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
| | - Carlos Lara-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas, Unidad Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
- * E-mail:
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50
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Lauxmann MA, Annunziata MG, Brunoud G, Wahl V, Koczut A, Burgos A, Olas JJ, Maximova E, Abel C, Schlereth A, Soja AM, Bläsing OE, Lunn JE, Vernoux T, Stitt M. Reproductive failure in Arabidopsis thaliana under transient carbohydrate limitation: flowers and very young siliques are jettisoned and the meristem is maintained to allow successful resumption of reproductive growth. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:745-67. [PMID: 26351840 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of transient carbon depletion on reproductive growth in Arabidopsis was investigated by transferring long-photoperiod-grown plants to continuous darkness and returning them to a light-dark cycle. After 2 days of darkness, carbon reserves were depleted in reproductive sinks, and RNA in situ hybridization of marker transcripts showed that carbon starvation responses had been initiated in the meristem, anthers and ovules. Dark treatments of 2 or more days resulted in a bare-segment phenotype on the floral stem, with 23-27 aborted siliques. These resulted from impaired growth of immature siliques and abortion of mature and immature flowers. Depolarization of PIN1 protein and increased DII-VENUS expression pointed to rapid collapse of auxin gradients in the meristem and inhibition of primordia initiation. After transfer back to a light-dark cycle, flowers appeared and formed viable siliques and seeds. A similar phenotype was seen after transfer to sub-compensation point irradiance or CO2 . It also appeared in a milder form after a moderate decrease in irradiance and developed spontaneously in short photoperiods. We conclude that Arabidopsis inhibits primordia initiation and aborts flowers and very young siliques in C-limited conditions. This curtails demand, safeguarding meristem function and allowing renewal of reproductive growth when carbon becomes available again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lauxmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Maria G Annunziata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Géraldine Brunoud
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Andrzej Koczut
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Asdrubal Burgos
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Justyna J Olas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Eugenia Maximova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Christin Abel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra M Soja
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Oliver E Bläsing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Metanomics GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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