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Kahanamoku-Meyer SS, Samuels-Fair M, Kamel SM, Stewart D, Wu B, Kahn LX, Titcomb M, Mei YA, Bridge RC, Li YS, Sinco C, Moreno J, Epino JT, Gonzalez-Marin G, Latt C, Fergus H, Duijnstee IAP, Finnegan S. An 800-year record of benthic foraminifer images and 2D morphometrics from the Santa Barbara Basin. Sci Data 2024; 11:144. [PMID: 38291058 PMCID: PMC10828449 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Santa Barbara Basin is an extraordinary archive of environmental and ecological change, where varved sediments preserve microfossils that provide an annual to decadal record of the dynamics of surrounding ecosystems. Of the microfossils preserved in these sediments, benthic foraminifera are the most abundant seafloor-dwelling organisms. While they have been extensively utilized for geochemical and paleoceanographic work, studies of their morphology are lacking. Here we use a high-throughput imaging method (AutoMorph) designed to extract 2D data from photographic images of fossils to produce a large image and 2D shape dataset of recent benthic foraminifera from two core records sampled from the center of the Santa Barbara Basin that span an ~800-year-long interval during the Common Era (1249-2008 CE). Information on more than 36,000 objects is included, of which more than 22,000 are complete or partially-damaged benthic foraminifera. The dataset also includes other biogenic microfossils including ostracods, pteropods, diatoms, radiolarians, fish teeth, and shark dermal denticles. We describe our sample preparation, imaging, and identification techniques, and outline potential data uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Kahanamoku-Meyer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Maya Samuels-Fair
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Sarah M Kamel
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Da'shaun Stewart
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryan Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Leah X Kahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Max Titcomb
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yingyan Alyssa Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - R Cheyenne Bridge
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- College of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yuerong Sophie Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carolina Sinco
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Julissa Moreno
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Josef T Epino
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gerson Gonzalez-Marin
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chloe Latt
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Heather Fergus
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ivo A P Duijnstee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Seth Finnegan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Benca JP, Duijnstee IAP, Looy CV. UV-B-induced forest sterility: Implications of ozone shield failure in Earth's largest extinction. Sci Adv 2018; 4:e1700618. [PMID: 29441357 PMCID: PMC5810612 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although Siberian Trap volcanism is considered a primary driver of the largest extinction in Earth history, the end-Permian crisis, the relationship between these events remains unclear. However, malformations in fossilized gymnosperm pollen from the extinction interval suggest biological stress coinciding with pulsed forest decline. These grains are hypothesized to have been caused by enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation from volcanism-induced ozone shield deterioration. We tested this proposed mechanism by observing the effects of inferred end-Permian UV-B regimes on pollen development and reproductive success in living conifers. We find that pollen malformation frequencies increase fivefold under high UV-B intensities. Surprisingly, all trees survived but were sterilized under enhanced UV-B. These results support the hypothesis that heightened UV-B stress could have contributed not only to pollen malformation production but also to deforestation during Permian-Triassic crisis intervals. By reducing the fertility of several widespread gymnosperm lineages, pulsed ozone shield weakening could have induced repeated terrestrial biosphere destabilization and food web collapse without exerting a direct "kill" mechanism on land plants or animals. These findings challenge the paradigm that mass extinctions require kill mechanisms and suggest that modern conifer forests may be considerably more vulnerable to anthropogenic ozone layer depletion than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Benca
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ivo A. P. Duijnstee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
| | - Cindy V. Looy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720–3140, USA
- University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, CA 94720–2465, USA
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