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Eum HH, Jeong D, Kim N, Jo A, Na M, Kang H, Hong Y, Kong JS, Jeong GH, Yoo SA, Lee HO. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals myeloid and T cell co-stimulation mediated by IL-7 anti-cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1388-1401. [PMID: 38424167 PMCID: PMC11014989 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors unleash inhibitory signals on T cells conferred by tumors and surrounding stromal cells. Despite the clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, the lack of target expression and persistence of immunosuppressive cells limit the pervasive effectiveness of the therapy. These limitations may be overcome by alternative approaches that co-stimulate T cells and the immune microenvironment. METHODS We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from multiple human cancers and a mouse tumor transplant model to discover the pleiotropic expression of the Interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor on T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. RESULTS Our experiment on the mouse model demonstrated that recombinant IL-7 therapy induces tumor regression, expansion of effector CD8 T cells, and pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. Moreover, spatial transcriptomic data support immunostimulatory interactions between macrophages and T cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IL-7 therapy induces anti-tumor immunity by activating T cells and pro-inflammatory myeloid cells, which may have diverse therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyeon Eum
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Na
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiram Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin-Sun Kong
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Heon Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Q, Zhang T, Chen L, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zheng W, Niu S, Zhou F. Correlation of immediate prevalence of cervical precancers and cancers with HPV genotype and age in women with ASC-US/hrHPV+: a retrospective analysis of 2292 cases. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:338-342. [PMID: 36653168 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To stratify the risk of cervical precancers (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)) and cancers (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma) based on distinct high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes as well as age groups among women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and hrHPV+results. METHODS In total, 2292 cases of ASC-US/hrHPV+ with immediate follow-up biopsy results were included in the study for prevalence analysis. RESULTS Overall, 12.2% women with ASC-US /hrHPV+ had HSIL+ while 0.22% had AIS+ lesions. The HPV-16+ group (31.6%) showed significantly higher prevalence of HSIL+ squamous lesions than other genotype groups (p<0.0001). The prevalence of SCC is significantly higher in HPV-16+ (1.8%) or HPV-18/45+ (1.1%) group than women in other genotype groups (0.1%) (p<0.0001). The HPV-18/45+ group (1.7%) showed significantly higher prevalence of AIS+ glandular lesions than other genotype groups (p=0.003). In addition, SCC prevalence was significantly higher in age over 50 group than that in age under 50 group (1.2% vs 0.2%, p=0.012). CONCLUSION Women with ASC-US/hrHPV+ are at significant risk of cervical precancers and cancers; notably, HPV-16+ group has a higher risk of HSIL squamous lesions and SCC while HPV-18/45+ group has a higher risk of AIS+ glandular lesions. In addition, the older patient group (>50 years) has a significantly higher risk of SCC. Therefore, HPV genotyping as well as patient age need to be considered in the clinical management of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women'sHospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqing Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women'sHospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women'sHospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shuang Niu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women'sHospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang K, Yang Y, Wu F, Song B, Wang X, Wang T. Author Correction: Comparative analysis of dimension reduction methods for cytometry by time-of-flight data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3006. [PMID: 38589345 PMCID: PMC11001602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Wang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
| | - Yuqiu Yang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Fangjiang Wu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
- Center for Data Science Research and Education, College of Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, 76019, USA.
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Aguilar R, Camplisson CK, Lin Q, Miga KH, Noble WS, Beliveau BJ. Tigerfish designs oligonucleotide-based in situ hybridization probes targeting intervals of highly repetitive DNA at the scale of genomes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1027. [PMID: 38310092 PMCID: PMC10838309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method for the targeted visualization of nucleic acids in their native contexts. Recent technological advances have leveraged computationally designed oligonucleotide (oligo) probes to interrogate > 100 distinct targets in the same sample, pushing the boundaries of FISH-based assays. However, even in the most highly multiplexed experiments, repetitive DNA regions are typically not included as targets, as the computational design of specific probes against such regions presents significant technical challenges. Consequently, many open questions remain about the organization and function of highly repetitive sequences. Here, we introduce Tigerfish, a software tool for the genome-scale design of oligo probes against repetitive DNA intervals. We showcase Tigerfish by designing a panel of 24 interval-specific repeat probes specific to each of the 24 human chromosomes and imaging this panel on metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei. Tigerfish extends the powerful toolkit of oligo-based FISH to highly repetitive DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Aguilar
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conor K Camplisson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qiaoyi Lin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen H Miga
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Brian J Beliveau
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Barcellos VA, Dos Santos VCH, Moreira MÂF, Dalcin PDTR. Asthma control and sputum eosinophils in adult patients: a cross-sectional study in southern Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21464. [PMID: 38052916 PMCID: PMC10697938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma control and health related quality of life are an important goal of asthma management, but their association with sputum eosinophilic inflammation has been less firmly established. To investigate the relationship of asthma control and quality of life with sputum eosinophils in clinical practice. Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample, including patients with asthma, aged between 18 and 65 years, attending to outpatient clinic. Patients underwent sputum induction, pulmonary function tests, Juniper's Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Test (ACT), Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria for evaluation of asthma control and severity of the disease, blood count analysis, serum IgE and cutaneous prick test. Sputum sample was considered as eosinophilic if the percentage of eosinophils was ≥ 3%. A total of 45 individuals were enrolled, 15 with eosinophilic sputum (≥ 3% eosinophil cells) and 30 with non-eosinophilic sputum (< 3% eosinophil cells). There were no association of ACT an AQLQ scores with sputum eosinophilia (p > 0.05). This study suggested that the finding of sputum eosinophilia was not related to asthma control neither with health-related quality of life in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Albano Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Cristina Hartmann Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo de Tarso Roth Dalcin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hendry S, Mamotte L, Mesbah Ardakani N, Leslie C, Tesfai Y, Grieu-Iacopetta F, Izaac K, Singh S, Ardakani R, Thomas M, Giardina T, Robinson C, Frost F, Amanuel B. Adequacy of cytology and small biopsy samples obtained with rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) for predictive biomarker testing in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:917-921. [PMID: 37805343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Complete biomarker workup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens is essential for appropriate and timely clinical management decisions. This can be challenging to achieve from small cytology and histology specimens, with increasing numbers of molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers required. We conducted a 5 year retrospective audit of cases at our institution to assess the diagnostic and biomarker testing adequacy rates, particularly those specimens obtained with rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE), performed by a cytopathologist and a cytology scientist or pathology trainee, including all endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspirations (EBUS-TBNA), CT guided lung fine needle aspirations (FNA) and CT guided lung core biopsies. A total of 5,354 cases were identified, of which 92.2% had sufficient material for diagnosis. Of the 1506 cases identified with a recorded diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma or NSCLC, not otherwise specified, 1001 (66.5%) had biomarker testing requested. Sufficient material was available in 89.5% of cases for a complete biomarker workup which included EGFR and KRAS mutational testing (all cases), ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (all cases), and ALK and ROS1 FISH (as required). For EGFR and KRAS mutational testing across both cytology and histology specimens, 99% of cases were sufficient. Of the samples in which a complete biomarker workup was unable to be performed, approximately half were only insufficient due to inadequate numbers of tumour cells for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. Excluding PD-L1 IHC, 952 (95.1%) of samples obtained with ROSE were sufficient for the remainder of the testing requirements. Next generation sequencing using a 33 gene custom AmpliSeq panel was achieved in up to 72% of cases. In conclusion, small cytology and histology specimens obtained with ROSE are suitable for predictive biomarker testing in NSCLC, although attention needs to be paid to obtaining sufficient cells (>100) for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hendry
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Louis Mamotte
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nima Mesbah Ardakani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yordanos Tesfai
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Fabienne Grieu-Iacopetta
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Katherine Izaac
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shalinder Singh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rasha Ardakani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Thomas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tindaro Giardina
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cleo Robinson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Felicity Frost
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Benhur Amanuel
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Recipon M, Agniel R, Leroy-Dudal J, Fritz T, Carreiras F, Hermitte F, Hubac S, Gallet O, Kellouche S. Targeting cell-derived markers to improve the detection of invisible biological traces for the purpose of genetic-based criminal identification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18105. [PMID: 37872292 PMCID: PMC10593828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
At a crime scene, investigators are faced with a multitude of traces. Among them, biological traces are of primary interest for the rapid genetic-based identification of individuals. "Touch DNA" consists of invisible biological traces left by the simple contact of a person's skin with objects. To date, these traces remain undetectable with the current methods available in the field. This study proposes a proof-of-concept for the original detection of touch DNA by targeting cell-derived fragments in addition to DNA. More specifically, adhesive-structure proteins (laminin, keratin) as well as carbohydrate patterns (mannose, galactose) have been detected with keratinocyte cells derived from a skin and fingermark touch-DNA model over two months in outdoor conditions. Better still, this combinatory detection strategy is compatible with DNA profiling. This proof-of-concept work paves the way for the optimization of tools that can detect touch DNA, which remains a real challenge in helping investigators and the delivery of justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Recipon
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France.
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
| | - Rémy Agniel
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Johanne Leroy-Dudal
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Thibaud Fritz
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Franck Carreiras
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Francis Hermitte
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Sylvain Hubac
- Institut de Recherche Criminelle de la Gendarmerie Nationale, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Olivier Gallet
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Sabrina Kellouche
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France
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8
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Jafrasteh F, Farmani A, Mohamadi J. Meticulous research for design of plasmonics sensors for cancer detection and food contaminants analysis via machine learning and artificial intelligence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15349. [PMID: 37714884 PMCID: PMC10504292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, making early detection and accurate diagnosis critical for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful tool for cancer detection, enabling the development of innovative algorithms that can analyze vast amounts of data and provide accurate predictions. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various ML algorithms and techniques employed for cancer detection, highlighting recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field. The main challenge is finding a safe, auditable and reliable analysis method for fundamental scientific publication. Food contaminant analysis is a process of testing food products to identify and quantify the presence of harmful substances or contaminants. These substances can include bacteria, viruses, toxins, pesticides, heavy metals, allergens, and other chemical residues. Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (A.I) proposed as a promising method that possesses excellent potential to extract information with high validity that may be overlooked with conventional analysis techniques and for its capability in a wide range of investigations. A.I technology used in meta-optics can develop optical devices and systems to a higher level in future. Furthermore (M.L.) and (A.I.) play key roles as a health Approach for nano materials NMs safety assessment in environment and human health research. Beside, benefits of ML in design of plasmonic sensors for different applications with improved resolution and detection are convinced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jafrasteh
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farmani
- School of Electronics Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran.
| | - Javad Mohamadi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Li JJX, Cheung W, Ng JKM, Tse GM. Application of algorithmic cytomorphological assessment and immunocytochemistry with the international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology on pericardial fluid cytology. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2023-209078. [PMID: 37643837 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology (ISRSFC) set forth a five-tiered reporting system with comprehensive validation on pleural and peritoneal fluid cytology. An algorithmic approach for cytomorphological assessment and immunocytochemistry was also described in ISRSFC. Limited data on pericardial fluid are supportive but would benefit from further investigation. METHODS Consecutive pericardial fluid cytology over a 4-year period was reviewed by multiple board-certified pathologists according to the ISRSFC. Cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry were assessed sequentially, with respective diagnostic performances computed and compared. Literature review was performed. RESULTS In total 358 specimens, including 53 with immunocytochemistry available, were reviewed. There were 137 benign and 221 malignant (MAL) cases. The risks of malignancy were 23.5% non-diagnostic (ND), 29.2% negative for malignancy (NFM), 56.0% atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 82.6% suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and 99.2% (MAL) for cytomorphological assessment, improving to 23.5% (ND), 29.1% (NFM), 56.8% (AUS), 78.9% (SFM) and 99.3% (MAL) incorporating immunocytochemistry. Ten cases (2.8%) received a change in diagnosis after review of immunocytochemistry. All revisions of diagnostic category were appropriate upgrades/downgrades referenced against clinical information. Cytomorphological typing was accurate for adenocarcinoma (n=81/83, 97.6%), while other carcinomas and lymphomas required immunocytochemistry. Certain subcategories within AUS and SFM pertaining to bland indeterminate epithelial cells or mucinous material were not seen for pericardial fluid. CONCLUSIONS The ISRSFC shows robust diagnostic performance for pericardial fluid cytology. For pericardial effusion, disease composition and applicable cytological subcategories differ from its peritoneal and pleural counterparts. Incorporating immunocytochemistry by an algorithmic approach improves diagnostic accuracy. Cytomorphology is accurate for identifying adenocarcinomas, but further typing necessitates immunocytochemistry is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J X Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joanna K M Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Verma P, Gupta P, Gupta N, Srinivasan R, Gupta P, Dutta U, Sharma S, Uppal R, Nada R, Lal A. HER2/ERBB2 overexpression in advanced gallbladder carcinoma: comprehensive evaluation by immunocytochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation on fine-needle aspiration cytology samples. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2023-208940. [PMID: 37221046 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Advanced gallbladder carcinoma (AGBC) carries a poor prognosis with dismal survival. There are no data regarding HER2/ERBB2 expression in AGBC. This study evaluated the overexpression of HER2/ERBB2 in cytological aspirates from AGBCs to identify potential patients for whom anti-HER2 targeted therapies can benefit. METHODS This prospective, case-control study was performed on 50 primary AGBC cases. A detailed cytomorphological assessment, followed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) for HER2/ERBB2, was performed on AGBC cell blocks. A similar number of age-matched and gender-matched resected chronic cholecystitis specimens were included as controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was performed in equivocal cases. RESULTS A total of 10 (20%) cases showed positive (3+), 19 (38%) equivocal (2+) expression and 21 (42%) were negative on HER2/ERBB2 ICC. None of the equivocal cases demonstrated HER2 amplification by FISH. Among the controls, none showed positive (3+) immunoexpression, 23 (46%) demonstrated equivocal expression and 27 (54%) were negative. On statistical analysis, HER2/ERBB2 overexpression was significantly associated with AGBC compared with the controls. Of all the clinical, radiological and cytomorphological parameters, the predominant papillary or acinar arrangements of the tumour cells were significantly associated with HER2/ERBB2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the expression of HER2/ERBB2 on cytological aspirates in AGBC using ICC and FISH. HER2/ERBB2 overexpression(20%) was significantly associated with AGBC. Furthermore, predominant papillary or acinar arrangements of tumour cells in the cytological smears were significantly associated with HER2/ERBB2 overexpression. They can serve as potential predictors of HER2/ERBB2 overexpression to select AGBC patients for anti-HER2 targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parikshaa Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shelly Sharma
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radha Uppal
- Department of Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritambhra Nada
- Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Lal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Wang K, Yang Y, Wu F, Song B, Wang X, Wang T. Comparative analysis of dimension reduction methods for cytometry by time-of-flight data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1836. [PMID: 37005472 PMCID: PMC10067013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While experimental and informatic techniques around single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) are advanced, research around mass cytometry (CyTOF) data analysis has severely lagged behind. CyTOF data are notably different from scRNA-seq data in many aspects. This calls for the evaluation and development of computational methods specific for CyTOF data. Dimension reduction (DR) is one of the critical steps of single cell data analysis. Here, we benchmark the performances of 21 DR methods on 110 real and 425 synthetic CyTOF samples. We find that less well-known methods like SAUCIE, SQuaD-MDS, and scvis are the overall best performers. In particular, SAUCIE and scvis are well balanced, SQuaD-MDS excels at structure preservation, whereas UMAP has great downstream analysis performance. We also find that t-SNE (along with SQuad-MDS/t-SNE Hybrid) possesses the best local structure preservation. Nevertheless, there is a high level of complementarity between these tools, so the choice of method should depend on the underlying data structure and the analytical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Wang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
| | - Yuqiu Yang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Fangjiang Wu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bing Song
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Statistical Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
- Center for Data Science Research and Education, College of Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, 76019, USA.
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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12
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de Barcellos LP, Coutinho JRH, Cytryn A, Russomano FB. Conventional cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus-induced anal intraepithelial neoplasia: The experience of a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:166-173. [PMID: 36398627 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening of anal cancer is rarely available or performed in Brazil. This study analyzes the diagnostic performance of conventional cytology (CC) in the prevention of anal cancer in a coloproctology and gynecology outpatient clinics in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS From 2005 to 2017, 1066 conventional cytological samples were collected. We analyze the causes of unsatisfactory samples (11.3%) and compare the cytological diagnoses of 83 samples from persons living with HIV and persons not living with HIV and in specific situations, using as the gold standard high-resolution anoscopy or histopathology in cases biopsied within 6 months after cytology. RESULTS The sensitivity of cytology with diagnosis of ASC-US for detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia of any grade was 85%, specificity was 41%, positive and negative predictive values were 64% and 75%, respectively, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.46 and 0.35, respectively. CONCLUSION Conventional cytology available in resource-limited settings is a simple, noninvasive, low-cost method that proved feasible for outpatient screening of precursor lesions of the anal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Cytryn
- Federal Hospital of Ipanema, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Bastos Russomano
- Fernandes Figueira Institute of Women's, Child's and Adolescent's Health, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Malapelle U, Pepe F, Pisapia P, Altimari A, Bellevicine C, Brunnström H, Bruno R, Büttner R, Cirnes L, De Andrea CE, de Biase D, Dumur CI, Ericson Lindquist K, Fontanini G, Gautiero E, Gentien D, Hofman P, Hofman V, Iaccarino A, Lozano MD, Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Pagni F, Roman R, Schmitt FC, Siemanowski J, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Tallini G, Tresserra F, Vander Borght S, Vielh P, Vigliar E, Vita GAC, Weynand B, Rosell R, Molina Vila MA, Troncone G. Reference standards for gene fusion molecular assays on cytological samples: an international validation study. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:47-52. [PMID: 34429353 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gene fusions assays are key for personalised treatments of advanced human cancers. Their implementation on cytological material requires a preliminary validation that may make use of cell line slides mimicking cytological samples. In this international multi-institutional study, gene fusion reference standards were developed and validated. METHODS Cell lines harbouring EML4(13)-ALK(20) and SLC34A2(4)-ROS1(32) gene fusions were adopted to prepare reference standards. Eight laboratories (five adopting amplicon-based and three hybridisation-based platforms) received, at different dilution points two sets of slides (slide A 50.0%, slide B 25.0%, slide C 12.5% and slide D wild type) stained by Papanicolaou (Pap) and May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG). Analysis was carried out on a total of 64 slides. RESULTS Four (50.0%) out of eight laboratories reported results on all slides and dilution points. While 12 (37.5%) out of 32 MGG slides were inadequate, 27 (84.4%) out of 32 Pap slides produced libraries adequate for variant calling. The laboratories using hybridisation-based platforms showed the highest rate of inadequate results (13/24 slides, 54.2%). Conversely, only 10.0% (4/40 slides) of inadequate results were reported by laboratories adopting amplicon-based platforms. CONCLUSIONS Reference standards in cytological format yield better results when Pap staining and processed by amplicon-based assays. Further investigation is required to optimise these standards for MGG stained cells and for hybridisation-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Altimari
- Molecular Pathology, University of Bologna Hospital of Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Hans Brunnström
- Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rossella Bruno
- Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Dario de Biase
- Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Molecular Pathology Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - David Gentien
- Translational Research Department, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital Centre Nice Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Veronique Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital Centre Nice Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Pagni
- Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Ruth Roman
- Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sara Vander Borght
- Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Vielh
- Pathology, Medipath and American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Birgit Weynand
- Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Oncology, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Wolcott NS, Sit KK, Raimondi G, Hodges T, Shansky RM, Galea LAM, Ostroff LE, Goard MJ. Automated classification of estrous stage in rodents using deep learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17685. [PMID: 36271290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rodent estrous cycle modulates a range of biological functions, from gene expression to behavior. The cycle is typically divided into four stages, each characterized by distinct hormone concentration profiles. Given the difficulty of repeatedly sampling plasma steroid hormones from rodents, the primary method for classifying estrous stage is by identifying vaginal epithelial cell types. However, manual classification of epithelial cell samples is time-intensive and variable, even amongst expert investigators. Here, we use a deep learning approach to achieve classification accuracy at expert level. Due to the heterogeneity and breadth of our input dataset, our deep learning approach ("EstrousNet") is highly generalizable across rodent species, stains, and subjects. The EstrousNet algorithm exploits the temporal dimension of the hormonal cycle by fitting classifications to an archetypal cycle, highlighting possible misclassifications and flagging anestrus phases (e.g., pseudopregnancy). EstrousNet allows for rapid estrous cycle staging, improving the ability of investigators to consider endocrine state in their rodent studies.
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15
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Barrios L, Vizcaíno Y, Benedetti I. Liquid-Based Cytology in the Detection of Premalignant Lesions in Patients with "Atypia in Squamous Cells" in Conventional Cytology. J Cytol 2022; 39:148-154. [PMID: 36605874 PMCID: PMC9809424 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_22_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of patients with "Atypical Squamous Cells" (ASC) in conventional papanicolaou smears (CPS) is based on the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The efficacy of liquid-based cytology (LBC) to detect this premalignant lesion is variable, with little evidence of its performance in Colombian patients. Aims The aim of this study is to determine the performance of LBC in the detection of premalignant lesions, in patients with ASC in CPS. Materials and Methods Were obtained patients who attended colposcopy clinic due the result of ASC in CPS. An LBC was taken, which was interpreted by two pathologists without access to other results. The performance of LBC to detect HSIL, was determined, considering as a gold standard: histopathological study/negative-satisfactory colposcopy. Results Were included 114 patients, with a mean age of 38.4 years (SD ± 13.3). LBC had abnormal results in 40.36% (n = 46), with a slightly higher proportion of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) than HSIL. The total of abnormal diagnoses by colposcopy and/or biopsy was 51.75% (n = 59), with a predominance of LSIL (36.84%). The sensitivity of the liquid-based cytology to detect premalignant lesions was 76.5%, specificity: 66.0%, positive predictive value: 28.3% and negative predictive value: 94.1%; The Cohen's kappa index of LBC for detecting HSIL was 0.2492 for the total population and 0.2907 for ≥30 years. Discussion Although LBC decreases abnormal cytology and increases the detection of HSIL, which improves diagnostic accuracy; sensitivity and predictive values for detecting HSIL are not significantly different between CPS and LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Barrios
- Histopathology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Yoled Vizcaíno
- Histopathology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ines Benedetti
- Histopathology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia
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16
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Fayezi S, Fayyazpour P, Norouzi Z, Mehdizadeh A. Strategies for Mammalian Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells: A Review. Cell J 2022; 24:434-441. [PMID: 36093802 PMCID: PMC9468722 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells develop into oocytes and sperm cells. These cells are useful resources in reproductive biology and regenerative medicine. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been examined for in vitro production of primordial germ cell-like cells. This study aimed to summarize the existing protocols for MSCs differentiation into primordial germ cell-like cells (PGLCs). In the limited identified studies, various models of mesenchymal stem cells, including those derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and Wharton's jelly, have been successfully differentiated into primordial germ cell-like cells. Although the protocols of specification induction are basically very similar, they have been adjusted to the mesenchymal cell type and the species of origin. The availability of MSCs has made it possible to customize conditions for their differentiation into primordial germ cell-like cells in several models, including humans. Refining germ cell-related signaling pathways during induced differentiation of MSCs will help define extension to the protocols for primordial germ cell-like cells production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parisa Fayyazpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Norouzi
- Student’s Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,P.O.Box: 5166614756Endocrine Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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17
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Wyngaard GA, Skern-Mauritzen R, Malde K, Prendergast R, Peruzzi S. The salmon louse genome may be much larger than sequencing suggests. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6616. [PMID: 35459797 PMCID: PMC9033869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome size of organisms impacts their evolution and biology and is often assumed to be characteristic of a species. Here we present the first published estimates of genome size of the ecologically and economically important ectoparasite, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae). Four independent L. salmonis genome assemblies of the North Atlantic subspecies Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis, including two chromosome level assemblies, yield assemblies ranging from 665 to 790 Mbps. These genome assemblies are congruent in their findings, and appear very complete with Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analyses finding > 92% of expected genes and transcriptome datasets routinely mapping > 90% of reads. However, two cytometric techniques, flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry, yield measurements of 1.3-1.6 Gb in the haploid genome. Interestingly, earlier cytometric measurements reported genome sizes of 939 and 567 Mbps in L. salmonis salmonis samples from Bay of Fundy and Norway, respectively. Available data thus suggest that the genome sizes of salmon lice are variable. Current understanding of eukaryotic genome dynamics suggests that the most likely explanation for such variability involves repetitive DNA, which for L. salmonis makes up ≈ 60% of the genome assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Wyngaard
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Ketil Malde
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stefano Peruzzi
- Department of Arctic Marine Biology, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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18
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Ronchi A, Zito Marino F, Toni G, Pagliuca F, Russo D, Signoriello G, Moscarella E, Brancaccio G, Argenziano G, Franco R, Cozzolino I. Diagnostic performance of melanocytic markers for immunocytochemical evaluation of lymph-node melanoma metastases on cytological samples. J Clin Pathol 2022; 75:45-49. [PMID: 33509946 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The diagnosis of metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) on lymph node fine needle aspiration samples may be challenging and usually requires confirmation by immunocytochemistry. However, the cytological material could be too scant to order a broad panel of markers. In this case, the pathologist is forced to choose the most advantageous antibodies. The most commonly used melanocytic markers include S100, Melan-A, HMB45 and SOX10 but their diagnostic yield on cytological samples has been poorly studied. The current work aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of melanocytic markers when applied to cell blocks obtained from fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph node metastases from CM. METHODS S100, Melan-A, HMB45 and SOX10 were tested on cell block sections of 38 lymphnode metastases from CM diagnosed by cytology. A combined score was built to evaluate each immunostaining, considering the intensity of the staining and the percentage of stained neoplastic cells. RESULTS S100 and SOX10 revealed a higher sensitivity (100%) than Melan-A and HMB45 for the diagnosis of metastatic CM. Furthermore, SOX10 emerged as the melanocytic marker with the best staining performance. CONCLUSION SOX10 has a 100% detection rate and the most easily interpretable staining pattern compared with other melanocytic markers. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that SOX10 is included in the minimal immunocytochemical panel for the diagnostic evaluation of lymph node FNAC in patients with suspected CM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Toni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Signoriello
- Department of Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Moscarella
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Brancaccio
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Goulart APFE, Batista ERM, Figueira MG, Magalhães PKR, Maciel LMZ. Evaluation of thyroid nodules in the Brazilian Public Health Care System, Supplementary Health System, and Private Health System in the northeastern region of the State of São Paulo. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2021; 64:779-786. [PMID: 33049130 PMCID: PMC10528606 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain data about the evaluation of thyroid nodules (TNs) in the northeastern of the State of São Paulo, compared by health care type, and measure the performance of cytology as a screening test for thyroid cancer (TC). METHODS We collected data of 597 patients treated in the Brazilian public health care system (SUS), supplementary health (SH) and in private health system (PHS) in 2014. A total of 803 TNs were aspirated, and 125 patients underwent surgery. RESULTS The distribution of all cytologic results according to the Bethesda system was: I, 135 (16.8%); II, 475 (59.2%); III, 107 (13.3%); IV, 32 (4.0%); V, 20 (2.5%); VI, 34 (4.2%). The time between cytologic analysis and surgery was longer in the SUS than in the SH for TNs in general (p < 0.001) and for TNs with Bethesda V and VI cytology (p = 0.01). The sizes of the TNs and resected malignant TNs was larger in the SUS than in the SH (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). The number of PHS surgeries was too small and was not compared. The prevalence of TC was 9.2% and 23.6% of them were treated in the SUS. Cytology showed a 93.6% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and 94.7% accuracy when Bethesda III and IV were excluded. CONCLUSION Cytology was a good screening test for TC categories Bethesda II, V, and VI. The differences between the SUS and SH indicate a need for improved access to consultations and specialized tests in the SUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Figueiredo Engler Goulart
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Künzle Ribeiro Magalhães
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Léa Maria Zanini Maciel
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil,
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20
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Gupta P, Gupta N, Bal A, Rastogi P, Prakash G, Malhotra P, Dey P, Srinivasan R, Das A. Cytomorphological characterisation of angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma: a case-control study. J Clin Pathol 2021; 76:320-326. [PMID: 34697030 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) is often misdiagnosed in cytology. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify the distinctive cytomorphological features of AITL in lymph node fine-needle aspirates (LN-FNA). METHODS This was a 4-year retrospective case-control study. Cases included LN-FNAs from patients with histopathologically confirmed AITL. The controls included LN-FNAs from patients with histopathologically confirmed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH; n=25). Eleven cytomorphological features were assessed in all the aspirates; the strength of association was determined by OR, Cramer's V and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). RESULTS Of a total of 22 cases of AITL reported on histopathology, 19 adequate aspirates from 14 patients (63.6%) were available for review. On univariate analysis, 5 of 11 cytomorphological variables were found to be significant for AITL; however, on MCA, 3 of these parameters, viz absence of tingible body macrophages (OR=0.014; V=0.74), presence of atypical lymphoid cells (OR=10.8; V=0.41) and singly scattered epithelioid cells (OR=19.3; V=0.31), were found to be the strongest predictors of AITL. CONCLUSIONS The absence of tingible body macrophages, presence of atypical lymphoid cells and singly scattered epithelioid cells in polymorphic LN-FNAs are significant cytomorphological predictors of AITL in comparison with RLH. Knowledge of these diagnostic predictors, supplemented by clinicoradiological correlation and appropriate ancillary studies, can help diagnose AITL on aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshaa Gupta
- Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nalini Gupta
- Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pulkit Rastogi
- Hematology Department, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Srinivasan
- Cytology and Gynecologic Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashim Das
- Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Appukutty SJ, Paterson A, Patel NS, Duckworth A, Chan J, O'Donovan M, Marker AJ. Thyroid diagnostic modalities (fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy) with histology correlation: a tertiary centre experience. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:620-626. [PMID: 34531287 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the proportion of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) cases reported at a single institute into each UK Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) Thy1-5 and local T category, respectively. Where subsequent histology was available, malignancy rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were compared for both procedures. METHODS 1591 FNAs (2010-2018) and 514 CNBs (2013-2018) cases were identified, together with paired histology excision specimens. RESULTS The FNA samples were classified as: Thy1: 45.3%, Thy2/Thy2c: 22.1%, Thy3a/Thy3f: 28%, Thy4: 1.6% and Thy5: 3%; while the CNB were classified as: T1: 7.2%, T2: 22.4%, T3 59.3%, T4: 1% and T5: 10.1%. Comparison of FNA and CNB classified as Thy5/T5 showed a 100% risk of malignancy (ROM), sensitivity (98% vs 100%), specificity (14.1% vs 12.1%), PPV (29.4% vs 29.4%), NPV (94.9% vs 100%) and accuracy (36.5% vs 35.6%), respectively, for a diagnosis of malignancy. ROMs for other categories were: Thy1/T1 (9% vs 6.7%), Thy2/T2 (5.1% vs 0%), Thy3/T3 (17.5% vs 18.4%) and Thy4/T4 (73.3% vs 100%). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of cases in each RCPath Thy category has remained relatively stable during the 9-year study period, with the exception of the Thy3a category, which has increased over time. This finding is in line with other more recent reports in the literature and the proportion of T3 cases in the CNB group. The proportion of Thy2/Thy2c cases has also reduced over time, reflecting a local change in the triaging protocol for probable benign lesions. Both FNA and CNB showed comparable performance in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona J Appukutty
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Paterson
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nishant S Patel
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Duckworth
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Chan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison J Marker
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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22
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O'Connor E, O'Connor D, Murray D, Quinn AM. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytopathology services in the West of Ireland. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:359-360. [PMID: 34518363 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan O'Connor
- Histopathology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - David Murray
- Histopathology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
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23
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Zhou F, Shum E, Moreira AL. Molecular cytology of the respiratory tract and pleura. Cytopathology 2021; 33:14-22. [PMID: 34333812 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that molecular testing is feasible on all types of cytological preparation, which is fortunate as more diagnostic markers and biomarkers for targeted therapies are discovered for use in pulmonary and pleural malignancies. In this article we will discuss the pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic (interpretive) considerations for successful implementation of molecular tests for diagnostic and predictive markers in respiratory and pleural cytology. The vast majority of laboratories are familiar with, and have validated their molecular protocols for, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens, which are not directly applicable to cytology specimens. Thus, rigorous validation must be performed for each type of fixative and cytology preparation before it is implemented in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Shum
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Mosa WFA, El-Shehawi AM, Mackled MI, Salem MZM, Ghareeb RY, Hafez EE, Behiry SI, Abdelsalam NR. Productivity performance of peach trees, insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivities of leaf extracts as affected by nanofertilizers foliar application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10205. [PMID: 33986453 PMCID: PMC8119490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed on eight years old peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees cv. Florida prince to study the influence of spraying of commercial nano fertilizer on vegetative growth, pollen grain viability, yield, and fruit quality of the "Florida prince" peach cultivar. Furthermore, extracts from the nanofertilizer treated leaves were studied for their bioactivity as insecticidal or bactericidal activities against some stored grain insects and plant bacterial pathogens. Seventy uniform peach trees were sprayed three time as follow: before flowering; during full bloom, and one month later in addition using the water as a control. Commercial silver particales (Ag NPs) at 10, 12.5, and 15 mL/L and zinc particales (Zn NPs) at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mL/L as recommended level in a randomized complete block design in ten replicates/trees. Spraying Ag NP at 15 mL/L increased shoot diameter, leaf area, total chlorophyll, flower percentage, fruit yield and fruit physical and chemical characteristics, followed by Ag NPs at 12.5 mL/L and Zn NPs at 7.5 mL/L. Moreover, Zn and Ag NPs caused a highly significant effect on pollen viability. Different type of pollen aberrations were detected by Zn NPs treatment. The commercial Ag NPs showed a high increase in pollen viability without any aberrations. The Ag NPs significantly increased the pollen size, and the spores also increased and separated in different localities, searching about the egg for pollination and fertilization. Peach leaves extract was examined for their insecticidal activity against rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzea L.) and the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius) by fumigation method. The antibacterial activity of all treatments was also performed against molecularly identified bacteria. Ag NPs treated leaves extract at concentration 3000 µg/mL were moderate sufficient to inhibit all the bacterial isolates with inhibition zone (IZ) ranged 6-8.67 mm with high efficiency of acetone extracts from leaves treated with Ag NPs compared with Zn NPs. Also, S. oryzae was more susceptible to acetone extracts from leaves treated with both nanomaterials than R. dominica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa I Mackled
- Department of Stored Product Pests, Plant Protection Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Said I Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Nader R Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Faber E, Grosu H, Sabir S, San Lucas FA, Barkoh BA, Bassett RL, Luthra R, Stewart J, Roy-Chowdhuri S. Adequacy of small biopsy and cytology specimens for comprehensive genomic profiling of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer to determine eligibility for immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted therapy. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:612-619. [PMID: 33952592 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), incomplete genotyping for guideline-recommended genomic biomarkers poses a significant challenge to making informed and timely clinical decisions. We report our institution's experience in assessing the adequacy of small specimens for comprehensive genomic profiling for guideline-recommended lung cancer biomarker testing. METHODS We performed a retrospective evaluation of all image-guided procedures for NSCLC performed in our institution between October 2016 and July 2018, including core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in patients who had undergone genomic profiling for lung cancer. Lung cancer biomarker adequacy, defined as successful testing of guideline-recommended biomarkers including, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF); anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK); proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase ROS (ROS1); Rearranged during Transfection (RET); Tyrosine protein kinase Met (MET); and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 865 cases were evaluated in this study, 785 of which included testing of all lung cancer biomarkers. Lung tissue was adequate for biomarker testing in 84% of cases; this rate increased to 87% when biomarker testing was combined with concurrently acquired FNA or CNB specimens. Biomarker testing success correlated strongly with DNA concentration (p<0.0001) and the use of 22G needles in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedures (p=0.0035). Biomarker testing of CNB specimens showed a significantly higher success rate than did biomarker testing of cytology FNA specimens (p=0.0005). The adequacy of EBUS-TBNA samples was not significantly different from that of the transthoracic needle aspiration samples (p=0.40). Variables such as age, gender, lesion size, site, diagnosis and number of needle passes showed no significant correlation with success rates in lung cancer biomarker testing. CONCLUSION The growing numbers of therapeutic biomarkers in NSCLC requires judicious triage of limited-volume tissue from small specimens. Our study showed that thoracic small tissue specimens can be used successfully to provide prognostic and predictive information for the current guideline-recommended biomarkers for NSCLC in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Faber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Horiana Grosu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sharjeel Sabir
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francis Anthony San Lucas
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bedia A Barkoh
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajyalakshmi Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Stewart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Reerds STH, Van Engen-Van Grunsven ACH, van den Hoogen FJA, Takes RP, Marres HAM, Honings J. Accuracy of parotid gland FNA cytology and reliability of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology in clinical practice. Cancer Cytopathol 2021; 129:719-728. [PMID: 33908189 PMCID: PMC8453933 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Differentiating between malignant and benign salivary gland tumors with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be challenging. This study was aimed at testing the validity of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) and at assessing possible differences in the sensitivity and specificity of parotid gland FNAC between dedicated head and neck (H&N) centers, subdivided into head and neck oncology centers (HNOCs) and head and neck oncology affiliated centers (HNOACs), and general hospitals (GHs). Methods The Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA) database was searched for patients who had undergone a salivary gland resection between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2017, and had a preoperative FNAC result. The FNAC reports were retrospectively assigned to MSRSGC categories. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated for each category. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignancy were calculated and compared among HNOCs, HNOACs, and GHs. Results In all, 12,898 FNAC aspirates were evaluated. The ROMs for each category were as follows: 12.5% in MSRSGC I, 10.3% in MSRSGC II, 29% in MSRSGC III, 2.3% in MSRSGC IVa, 28.6% in MSRSGC IVb, 83% in MSRSGC V, and 99.3% in MSRSGC VI. The sensitivity of FNAC was highest in HNOCs (88.1%), HNOACs scored lower (79.7%), and GHs had a sensitivity of 75.0%. Conclusions The MSRSGC is a valid tool for reporting parotid gland FNAC; therefore, these results strongly advocate its use. On the basis of the higher sensitivity of FNAC in dedicated H&N centers, the authors recommend that GHs use the presented management strategies to help to minimize the chances of a preoperative misdiagnosis. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology is a valid tool for reporting parotid gland fine‐needle aspiration cytology. The sensitivity of fine‐needle aspiration cytology is higher at dedicated head and neck centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam T H Reerds
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank J A van den Hoogen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri A M Marres
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmie Honings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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27
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Scheck SM, Liddle C, Wood Z, Lockett B, Sircar S. Five-year follow-up after cervical cytology and histology discordance: A retrospective cohort study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 61:424-429. [PMID: 33818769 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical smear cytology and colposcopic biopsy histology are prone to error at both collection and interpretation stages, leading to a large number of discordant cases. AIMS Investigation of five-year outcomes for women who have cervical cytology that is discordant and higher grade than histology results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out for 111 women with cervical cytology discordant and higher grade than histology, after cytopathological review, over a three-year period. Five-year follow-up data were reviewed to identify the highest level of pathology seen within five years from the discordance. RESULTS Women with atypical squamous cells with possible high-grade change (ASC-H) cytology and negative biopsy (n = 28) had a 46% chance of high-grade histological disease within 5 years; with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) histology (n = 20), this was reduced to 30%. With high-grade cytology and negative histology (n = 23), 48% had high-grade disease within five years, including one case of invasive disease; with CIN1 histology 50% had high-grade disease within five years. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a 30-50% chance of high-grade disease within five years, in the setting of ASC-H or high-grade cytology with a negative or low-grade colposcopic biopsy. This highlights that in the setting of cytology and histology discordance, at least one of the tests indicating high-grade pathology warrants the need for treatment or close ongoing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Palmerston North Hospital, Mid Central District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, Otago University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Liddle
- Department of Anaesthesia, Palmerston North Hospital, Mid Central District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zoë Wood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Palmerston North Hospital, Mid Central District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Sikhar Sircar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Palmerston North Hospital, Mid Central District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Sgariglia R, Nacchio M, Migliatico I, Vigliar E, Malapelle U, Pisapia P, De Luca C, Iaccarino A, Salvatore D, Masone S, Troncone G, Bellevicine C. Moving towards a local testing solution for undetermined thyroid fine-needle aspirates: validation of a novel custom DNA-based NGS panel. J Clin Pathol 2021; 75:465-471. [PMID: 33789920 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In thyroid cytopathology, the undetermined diagnostic categories still pose diagnostic challenges. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising technique for the molecular testing of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens, access to such technology can be difficult because of its prohibitive cost and lack of reimbursement in countries with universal health coverage. To overcome these issues, we developed and validated a novel custom NGS panel, Nexthyro, specifically designed to target 264 clinically relevant mutations involved in thyroid tumourigenesis. Moreover, in this study, we compared its analytical performance with that of our previous molecular testing strategy. METHODS The panel, which includes 15 genes (BRAF, EIF1AX, GNAS, HRAS, IDH1, KRAS, NF2, NRAS, PIK3CA, PPM1D, PTEN, RET, DICER1, CHEK2, TERT promoter), was validated with a cell-line derived reference standard and 72 FNA archival samples previously tested with the 7-gene test. RESULTS Nexthyro yielded 100% specificity and detected mutant alleles at levels as low as 2%. Moreover, in 5/72 (7%) FNAs, it detected more clinically relevant mutations in BRAF and RAS genes compared with the 7-gene test. Nexthyro also revealed better postsequencing metrics than the previously adopted commercial 'generic' NGS panel. CONCLUSION Our comparative analysis indicates that Nexthyro is a reliable NGS panel. The study also implies that a custom-based solution for routine thyroid FNA is sustainable at the local level, allowing patients with undetermined thyroid nodules affordable access to NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Vigliar
- Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Masone
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery, General Surgery Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Nowak J, Eng RC, Matz T, Waack M, Persson S, Sampathkumar A, Nikoloski Z. A network-based framework for shape analysis enables accurate characterization of leaf epidermal cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:458. [PMID: 33469016 PMCID: PMC7815848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell shape is crucial for the function and development of organisms. Yet, versatile frameworks for cell shape quantification, comparison, and classification remain underdeveloped. Here, we introduce a visibility graph representation of shapes that facilitates network-driven characterization and analyses across shapes encountered in different domains. Using the example of complex shape of leaf pavement cells, we show that our framework accurately quantifies cell protrusions and invaginations and provides additional functionality in comparison to the contending approaches. We further show that structural properties of the visibility graphs can be used to quantify pavement cell shape complexity and allow for classification of plants into their respective phylogenetic clades. Therefore, the visibility graphs provide a robust and unique framework to accurately quantify and classify the shape of different objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nowak
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ryan Christopher Eng
- Plant Cell Biology and Microscopy, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timon Matz
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matti Waack
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Plant Cell Biology and Microscopy, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Osorio-Osorno YA, Arboleda Toro D, Arango JC, Parada-Sanchez MT. Optimized liquid-based cytology for the cellular and molecular analysis of oral keratinocytes: A promising diagnostic tool. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:96-104. [PMID: 32877007 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has improved exfoliative cytology by facilitating the extraction of more precise information from epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to optimize a protocol using a conventional cytobrush to perform LBC, obtaining oral keratinocytes for their further cellular and molecular analysis. METHODS LBC was performed in 30 healthy donors from buccal mucosa. We evaluated the use of diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) medium right after the collection of the cells. Cell morphology and viability were determined by Orcein staining and flow cytometry, respectively. RNA was extracted by the trizol method, and evaluated with spectrometry and electrophoresis. Finally, RNA was copied into cDNA and GAPDH and TLR2 genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using specific primers. RESULTS Only DEPC-treated DMEM preserved the viability of intact intraepithelial keratinocytes. RNA quantity and quality improves in samples treated with DEPC. RNA integrity is comparable with a cell line control. GAPDH gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, LBC performed under these conditions becomes a reproducible technique for the retrieval of intraepithelial oral keratinocytes with good cell viability for cytomorphometric analysis, and extraction of good RNA quality suitable for molecular analyses such as PCR. We propose this LBC protocol as a complementary method to the cellular and molecular study of oral mucosa pathologies; however, it requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Andrea Osorio-Osorno
- Departamento de Estudios Básicos Integrados, Grupo Estudios BioSociales del Cuerpo, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - David Arboleda Toro
- Departamento de Estudios Básicos Integrados, Grupo Estudios BioSociales del Cuerpo, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Julian Camilo Arango
- Grupo Micología Médica y Experimental, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Monica Tatiana Parada-Sanchez
- Departamento de Estudios Básicos Integrados, Grupo Estudios BioSociales del Cuerpo, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
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Campaner AB, Fernandes GL. Detection of transformation zone cells in liquid-based cytology and its comparison with conventional smears. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:752-758. [PMID: 32394634 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the differences between liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology in respect of the detection of transformation zone cells (TZC) by age group and to assess test performance by correlating results with cytological abnormalities. METHODS A retrospective study assessing the results of cervical-vaginal cytology smears collected at a private laboratory in São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2010 and December 2015. RESULTS A total of 1 030 482 cytology tests were performed; of these, 3811 (0.36%) unsatisfactory samples were excluded. Cytology sampling in the patients studied was performed using the conventional technique in 394 879 (38.5%) cases and the liquid-based techniques in 631 792 (61.5%) cases. The proportion of samples with TZC for interpretation was 73.2% (288 956 samples) in conventional cytology and 52.7% (333 115 samples) in LBC (P < .001). The presence of TZC rate declined in both groups with age, but was consistently lower for LBC (P < .001). The presence of endocervical and metaplastic cells was associated with higher high-grade intraepithelial lesion detection rates. CONCLUSION Low representation of the transformation zone was found in the samples collected using the LBC technique, particularly in the over 50 age group. Conventional cytology was associated with a higher rate of detection of high-grade lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Leme Fernandes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santa Casa of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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La Forgia D, Fausto A, Gatta G, Di Grezia G, Faggian A, Fanizzi A, Cutrignelli D, Dentamaro R, Didonna V, Lorusso V, Massafra R, Tangaro S, Mazzei MA. Elite VABB 13G: A New Ultrasound-Guided Wireless Biopsy System for Breast Lesions. Technical Characteristics and Comparison with Respect to Traditional Core-Biopsy 14-16G Systems. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050291. [PMID: 32397505 PMCID: PMC7277965 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The typification of breast lumps with fine-needle biopsies is often affected by inconclusive results that extend diagnostic time. Many breast centers have progressively substituted cytology with micro-histology. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a 13G-needle biopsy using cable-free vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) technology. Two of our operators carried out 200 micro-histological biopsies using the Elite 13G-needle VABB and 1314 14–16G-needle core biopsies (CBs) on BI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions. Thirty-one of the procedures were repeated following CB, eighteen following cytological biopsy, and three after undergoing both procedures. The VABB Elite procedure showed high diagnostic performance with an accuracy of 94.00%, a sensitivity of 92.30%, and a specificity of 100%, while the diagnostic underestimation was 11.00%, all significantly comparable to of the CB procedure. The VABB Elite 13G system has been shown to be a simple, rapid, reliable, and well-tolerated biopsy procedure, without any significant complications and with a diagnostic performance comparable to traditional CB procedures. The histological class change in an extremely high number of samples would suggest the use of this procedure as a second-line biopsy for suspect cases or those with indeterminate cyto-histological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Forgia
- Radiodiagnostica Senologica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Alfonso Fausto
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 10, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Gianluca Gatta
- Dipartimento Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Graziella Di Grezia
- Dipartimento dei Servizi—Diagnostica per Immagini, Ospedale “G. Criscuoli”, Via Quadrivio, 83054 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Angela Faggian
- UOC Diagnostica per Immagini, Azienda Ospedaliera San Pio, Via dell’Angelo 1, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Annarita Fanizzi
- Oncologia Medica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5555111
| | - Daniela Cutrignelli
- Chirurgia Plastica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Dentamaro
- Radiodiagnostica Senologica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.L.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Vittorio Didonna
- Fisica Medica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Oncologia Medica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Massafra
- Fisica Medica, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Sabina Tangaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Via Giovanni Amendola, 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzei
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Viale Bracci 10, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.M.)
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Vigliar E, Iaccarino A, Bruzzese D, Malapelle U, Bellevicine C, Troncone G. Cytology in the time of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): an Italian perspective. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:261-263. [PMID: 32312717 PMCID: PMC7211103 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is changing the way we practice pathology, including fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnostics. Although recommendations have been issued to prioritise patients at high oncological risk, postponing those with unsuspicious presentations, real world data have not been reported yet. Methods The percentages of the cytological sample types processed at the University of Naples Federico II, during the first 3 weeks of Italian national lockdown were compared with those of the same period in 2019. Results During the emergency, the percentage of cytology samples reported as malignant increased (p<0.001), reflecting higher percentages of breast (p=0.002) and lymph nodes FNAs (p=0.008), effusions (p<0.001) and urine (p=0.005). Conversely, thyroid FNAs (p<0.001) and Pap smears (p=0.003) were reduced. Conclusions Even in times of COVID-19 outbreak, cytological examination may be safely carried out in patients at high oncological risk, without the need to be postponed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellevicine
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Melo G, Mello FW, Mesquita RA, Grando LJ, Rivero ERC. Cell-block as ancillary tool for the diagnosis of cystic and cyst-like jaw lesions. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:717-723. [PMID: 32112624 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-block technique is a cytological diagnostic method that decreases cellular dispersion; however, its usefulness regarding intraosseous lesions is underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the diagnostic usefulness of cell-block for cystic and cyst-like jaw lesions. METHODS Individuals with cystic or cyst-like jaw lesions who underwent aspiration biopsy were considered eligible. Aspiration of luminal content was prepared and processed by the cell-block technique. Cytological evaluations were blindly performed by two trained PhD students (in a single evaluation) and one oral and maxillofacial pathologist (OMP). Cohen's kappa statistic was used to measure inter-rater agreement. RESULTS The sample was composed of 52 lesions, represented by 25 radicular cysts (RC), 17 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 5 idiopathic bone cavities (IBC), and 5 unicystic ameloblastomas (UA). The kappa coefficient of cell-block compared to histopathological diagnosis was 0.390 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.195-0.585) for PhD students and 0.612 (95%CI, 0.433-0.791) for the OMP. The highest concordance rates between cell-block and histopathological diagnosis were observed for RC (PhD = 76.0%; OMP = 80.0%) and OKC (PhD = 58.8%; OMP = 76.5%). Conflicting results were found regarding IBC (PhD = 40.0%; OMP = 80.0%) and UA, that presented the overall lowest concordance rates (PhD = 20.0%; OMP = 40.0%). CONCLUSION The cell-block technique presented a high diagnostic usefulness for detecting RC and OKC and, if associated with clinical and radiographic characteristics, might be sufficient for final diagnosis of these diseases. Regarding IBC and UA, an analysis with a higher number of cases is recommended to determine the true usefulness of the cell-block as ancillary tool for the diagnosis of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Weber Mello
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Liliane Janete Grando
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Hendry S, Byrne DJ, Christie M, Steinfort DP, Irving LB, Wagner CA, Ellwood T, Cooper WA, Fox SB. Adequate tumour cellularity is essential for accurate PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assessment on cytology cell-block specimens. Cytopathology 2020; 31:90-95. [PMID: 31808243 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an essential predictive biomarker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), required to inform treatment decisions regarding anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This study aims to investigate the concordance between PD-L1 IHC assessed on NSCLC cytology and histology specimens and to determine the impactce of tumour cellularity. METHODS Matched cytology and histology NSCLC specimens were retrieved from the archives of the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. PD-L1 IHC was performed concurrently on both specimens at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre using the SP263 assay kit on the Ventana Benchmark Ultra staining platform and scored by two experienced pathologists. RESULTS Overall agreement between matched cytology and histology specimens was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.653, n = 58); however, markedly increased when the analysis was limited to cell-blocks with >100 tumour cells (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.957, n = 29). Specificity at both 1% and 50% cut-offs was high regardless of cellularity; however, sensitivity decreased in samples with <100 tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 IHC on cytology cell-block specimens in NSCLC is an acceptable alternative to histological specimens, provided adequate tumour cells are present. Clinicians and pathologists should be mindful of the risk of false negative PD-L1 IHC in samples with low tumour cellularity, to avoid excluding patients from potentially beneficial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hendry
- Department of Pathology at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- Department of Pathology at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Department of Pathology at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel P Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louis B Irving
- Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carrie-Anne Wagner
- Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Ellwood
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sabet JM, Amoian B, Seyedmajidi M. Histological and histomorphometric evaluation of the synthetic biomaterial Natix ® in horizontal reconstruction of alveolar ridge. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2017; 14:97-103. [PMID: 28584532 PMCID: PMC5443015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following loss of teeth, atrophy of alveolar ridge of the jaws is a substantial problem and unintended outcome that compels clinicians to perform bone reconstruction ahead of implant placement. Although autogenous bone is recommended as the gold standard in bone reconstruction, aninvasive second surgery harvestinga limited volume of bone (from intraoral source) has led a significant approachingthe use of synthetic bone substitute materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histologic and histomorphometric properties of porous titanium granules (Natix®) used in horizontal reconstruction of alveolar ridge before implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present quasi-experimental clinical trial, four patients (three females and one male) needed horizontal bone augmentation on ten areas of edentulous mandibular ridge before implant treatment. During surgery, the buccal aspect of edentulous ridge was augmented by Natix®, covered by resorbable membrane (Cytoplast®). After 8 months, 10 core biopsies were obtained. RESULTS In histological study, no foreign body reaction at the site of the newly formed bone or around the biomaterial residue was observed. Newly formed bone was fully vital with large lacunae containing osteocytes. In 60% of cases, connective tissue was observed at the biomaterial - new bone interface. In histomorphometric study, mean percentage of bone formation was 40.56% ± 19.83% and mean bone trabecular thickness was 39.98 ± 17.54 μ. CONCLUSION Despite acceptable histological and histomorphometric bone formation findings, in clinical terms, no increase was created in the horizontal dimension. Thus, it seems that application of this biomaterial in horizontal reconstruction of alveolar ridges with noncontained defects is inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mehrani Sabet
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Javad Mehrani Sabet, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Babak Amoian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Seyedmajidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Lowe AC, Pignon JC, Carvo I, Drage MG, Constantine NM, Jones N, Kroll Y, Frank DA, Signoretti S, Cibas ES. Young investigator challenge: Application of cytologic techniques to circulating tumor cell specimens: Detecting activation of the oncogenic transcription factor STAT3. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 123:696-706. [PMID: 26671736 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating tumor cell (CTC) field is rapidly advancing with the advent of continuously improving technologies for enriching these rare neoplastic cells from blood. CTC enumeration provides prognostic information, and CTC characterization has the potential to provide more useful information for the clinical decision-making process in this era of personalized medicine and targeted therapeutics. Proof-of-principle studies have shown that CTC samples can be characterized with a variety of techniques in the research laboratory environment. The goal of the current study was to validate routine cytologic techniques and immunohistochemical markers in CTC samples in a clinical cytology laboratory, using inducible phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) as a clinically important example and Ki-67 as a positive control. METHODS Whole blood from noncancer patients was spiked with breast cancer cell lines with constitutive or inducible pSTAT3 expression and underwent CTC processing in the CellSearch system. The resulting CTC samples were subjected to various cytologic/immunocytochemical techniques and were compared with non-CTC-processed cultured cell controls. RESULTS CTC-processed samples showed a morphology comparable to that of controls in cytospin, ThinPrep, and cell block preparations. Immunocytochemistry for Ki-67 and pSTAT3 provided biological information from CTC samples, showing uniform Ki-67 staining across all samples, pSTAT3 positivity in the constitutive and induced cells, and an absence of pSTAT3 expression in the noninduced cells, as expected. CONCLUSIONS CTC samples can be processed in the cytology laboratory with routine methods. CTC morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis can be easily integrated into the existing clinical workflow, moving the field closer to a true peripheral blood liquid biopsy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alarice C Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ingrid Carvo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael G Drage
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nichole Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yasmin Kroll
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Frank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edmund S Cibas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chong Y, Baek KH, Kim JY, Kim TJ, Lee EJ, Kang CS. Comparison of EASYPREP(®) and SurePath(®) in thyroid fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:283-90. [PMID: 26848547 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) using conventional smear has been widely accepted as the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid lesions, liquid-based preparations (LBPs) are increasingly replacing it. A new automated LBP method, EASYPREP(®) (EP), was recently introduced and has shown relevant diagnostic efficacy in gynecologic samples. We compared the diagnostic utility of EP and SurePath(®) (SP), a more widely established LBP method, in thyroid FNAC. METHODS Under the ultrasonographic guidance, 253 thyroid FNAC samples were collected by sample-splitting manner. Three pathologists made cytologic diagnoses of EP and SP according to the Bethesda system independently and compared the cytomorphologic parameters. Cytohistologic correlation was performed in 30 resected cases. RESULTS Fifteen (5.9%) and 21 (8.3%) samples were unsatisfactory in SP and EP, respectively, owing to the unequal sample-splitting. Cytologic diagnoses of SP and EP were consistent in 228 cases (90.1%), and inconsistent in remainder mostly owing to the unequal distribution of pathognomic cells. While cytomorphologic parameters were not significantly different between two methods, EP showed less three-dimensional configuration in benign lesions. Cytohistologic correlation showed no significant differences in sensitivity (100% vs. 95.5%) and specificity (100% vs. 100%) between SP and EP. Labor time for processing 48 cases was 42% shorter with EP than with SP (28 min vs. 48 min). CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic utility of EP in thyroid FNAC was comparable to that of SP. EP allowed better visibility owing to better fragmentation of follicular clusters. The automated system of EP has the advantages of a shorter labor time for batch processing. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:283-290. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Chong
- Department of Hospital Pathology, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Suk Kang
- Department of Hospital Pathology, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jain D, Mathur SR, Iyer VK. Cell blocks in cytopathology: a review of preparative methods, utility in diagnosis and role in ancillary studies. Cytopathology 2014; 25:356-71. [PMID: 25113785 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cell block (CB) is a routine procedure in cytopathology that has gained importance because of its pivotal role in diagnosis and ancillary studies. There is no precise review in the published literature that deals with the various methods of preparation of CB, its utility in diagnosis, immunocytochemistry (ICC) or molecular testing, and its drawbacks. An extensive literature search on CB in cytology using internet search engines was performed for this review employing the following keywords: cell block, cytoblock, cytology, cytopathology, methods, preparation, fixatives, diagnostic yield, ancillary and molecular studies. Ever since its introduction more than a century ago, the CB technique has undergone numerous modifications to improve the quality of the procedure; however, the overall principle remains the same in each method. CBs can be prepared from virtually all varieties of cytological samples. In today's era of personalized medicine, cytological specimens, including CBs, augment the utility of cytological samples in analysing the molecular alterations as effectively as surgical biopsies or resection specimens. With the availability of molecular targeted therapy for many cancers, a large number of recent studies have used cytological material or CBs for molecular characterization. The various techniques of CB preparation with different fixatives, their advantages and limitations, and issues of diagnostic yield are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Prendeville S, Brosnan T, Browne TJ, McCarthy J. Automated Cellient(™) cytoblocks: better, stronger, faster? Cytopathology 2014; 25:372-80. [PMID: 24943912 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytoblocks (CBs), or cell blocks, provide additional morphological detail and a platform for immunocytochemistry (ICC) in cytopathology. The Cellient(™) system produces CBs in 45 minutes using methanol fixation, compared with traditional CBs, which require overnight formalin fixation. This study compares Cellient and traditional CB methods in terms of cellularity, morphology and immunoreactivity, evaluates the potential to add formalin fixation to the Cellient method for ICC studies and determines the optimal sectioning depth for maximal cellularity in Cellient CBs. METHODS One hundred and sixty CBs were prepared from 40 cytology samples (32 malignant, eight benign) using four processing methods: (A) traditional; (B) Cellient (methanol fixation); (C) Cellient using additional formalin fixation for 30 minutes; (D) Cellient using additional formalin fixation for 60 minutes. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were assessed for cellularity and morphology. ICC was assessed on 14 cases with a panel of antibodies. Three additional Cellient samples were serially sectioned to determine the optimal sectioning depth. Scoring was performed by two independent, blinded reviewers. RESULTS For malignant cases, morphology was superior with Cellient relative to traditional CBs (P < 0.001). Cellularity was comparable across all methods. ICC was excellent in all groups and the addition of formalin at any stage during the Cellient process did not influence the staining quality. Serial sectioning through Cellient CBs showed optimum cellularity at 30-40 μm with at least 27 sections obtainable. CONCLUSIONS Cellient CBs provide superior morphology to traditional CBs and, if required, formalin fixation may be added to the Cellient process for ICC. Optimal Cellient CB cellularity is achieved at 30-40 μm, which will impact on the handling of cases in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prendeville
- Department of Cytopathology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Rivera C, Núñez-de-Mendoza C. Exfoliative cytology of oral epithelial cells from patients with type 2 diabetes: cytomorphometric analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013; 6:667-676. [PMID: 24040475 PMCID: PMC3762622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This research objective is to identify cytomorphometrical changes using exfoliative cytology (EC) and later Papanicolaou (Pap) staining, for oral epithelial cells of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) (n = 30), while being compared to patients without the disease (n = 30). Additionally, we investigated an association between cellular changes and salivary flow levels; relationship that until now has not been reported. Results show that the cell diameter and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio was significantly higher compared to those patients without the disease (p ≤ 0.001 Student and Welch test). Decreased salivary flow was significantly associated with increased cell diameter and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (p ≤ 0.001 ANOVA with Tukey test). Evidence and clinical observations show that DM2 and decreased salivary flow are related to detectable cytomorphometrical changes in exfoliated cells, which may extend the horizon of this cytological technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rivera
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TalcaTalca, Chile
- Biomedical Sciences Master Program, Oral Pathology mention, University of TalcaTalca, Chile
| | - Camila Núñez-de-Mendoza
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TalcaTalca, Chile
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Dejmek A, Zendehrokh N, Tomaszewska M, Edsjö A. Preparation of DNA from cytological material: effects of fixation, staining, and mounting medium on DNA yield and quality. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 121:344-53. [PMID: 23408720 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized oncology requires molecular analysis of tumor cells. Several studies have demonstrated that cytological material is suitable for DNA analysis, but to the authors' knowledge there are no systematic studies comparing how the yield and quality of extracted DNA is affected by the various techniques used for the preparation of cytological material. METHODS DNA yield and quality were compared using cultured human lung cancer cells subjected to different preparation techniques used in routine cytology, including fixation, mounting medium, and staining. The results were compared with the outcome of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genotyping of 66 clinical cytological samples using the same DNA preparation protocol. RESULTS All tested protocol combinations resulted in fragment lengths of at least 388 base pairs. The mounting agent EcoMount resulted in higher yields than traditional xylene-based medium. Spray and ethanol fixation resulted in both a higher yield and better DNA quality than air drying. In liquid-based cytology (LBC) methods, CytoLyt solution resulted in a 5-fold higher yield than CytoRich Red. Papanicolaou staining provided twice the yield of hematoxylin and eosin staining in both liquid-based preparations. Genotyping outcome and quality control values from the clinical EGFR genotyping demonstrated a sufficient amount and amplifiability of DNA in both spray-fixed and air-dried cytological samples. CONCLUSIONS Reliable clinical genotyping can be performed using all tested methods. However, in the cell line experiments, spray- or ethanol-fixed, Papanicolaou-stained slides provided the best results in terms of yield and fragment length. In LBC, the DNA recovery efficiency of the preserving medium may differ considerably, which should be taken into consideration when introducing LBC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:344-353. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dejmek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Malmo, Sweden
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Abstract
Microbes typically live in communities. The spatial organization of cells within a community is believed to impact the survival and function of the community(1). Optical sectioning techniques, including confocal and two-photon microscopy, have proven useful for observing spatial organization of bacterial and archaeal communities(2,3). A combination of confocal imaging and physical sectioning of yeast colonies has revealed internal organization of cells(4). However, direct optical sectioning using confocal or two-photon microscopy has been only able to reach a few cell layers deep into yeast colonies. This limitation is likely because of strong scattering of light from yeast cells(4). Here, we present a method based on fixing and cryosectioning to obtain spatial distribution of fluorescent cells within Saccharomyces cerevisiae communities. We use methanol as the fixative agent to preserve the spatial distribution of cells. Fixed communities are infiltrated with OCT compound, frozen, and cryosectioned in a cryostat. Fluorescence imaging of the sections reveals the internal organization of fluorescent cells within the community. Examples of yeast communities consisting of strains expressing red and green fluorescent proteins demonstrate the potentials of the cryosectioning method to reveal the spatial distribution of fluorescent cells as well as that of gene expression within yeast colonies(2,3). Even though our focus has been on Saccharomyces cerevisiae communities, the same method can potentially be applied to examine other microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Momeni
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, cholestatic, idiopathic liver disease characterized by fibro-obliterative inflammation of the hepatic bile ducts. In a clinically significant proportion of patients, PSC progresses to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and in some cases, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The development of CCA in PSC is unpredictable, its surveillance and diagnosis complex, and its treatment options limited unless detected early. Herein we provide a focused review of the current literature regarding CCA surveillance in patients with PSC and discuss the diagnostic and management challenges that exist. Where evidence is limited, we present our perspective and approach as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Tabibian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Keith D. Lindor
- Executive Vice Provost, Health Solutions, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877805, Tempe, AZ 85287-7805, USA
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Masumoto N, Fujii T, Ishikawa M, Mukai M, Saito M, Iwata T, Fukuchi T, Kubushiro K, Tsukazaki K, Nozawa S. Papanicolaou tests and molecular analyses using new fluid-based specimen collection technology in 3000 Japanese women. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1883-8. [PMID: 12799631 PMCID: PMC2741123 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluid-based Papanicolaou test has been established to improve sample collection and preparation. This study was the first large-scale investigation in Japan to examine the feasibility of using fluid-based Papanicolaou specimens to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) using Hybrid Capture II and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three thousand patients who visited Keio University Hospital between October 2000 and February 2001 were enrolled in the study. The results of the fluid-based Papanicolaou tests corresponded well with those of conventional Papanicolaou smears (96.8% concordance). The sensitivities of cervical neoplasia detection using the fluid-based Papanicolaou test (73.9%) and Hybrid Capture II (76.3%, P=0.55) were not significantly different. Among the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 and squamous cell carcinoma specimens, HPV 16 and HPV 52 were predominantly detected using the PCR method. Although some DNA samples extracted from the fluid-based specimens were degradaded, PCR and direct sequencing could be performed without difficulty even after 1 year of specimen storage. We conclude that fluid-based Papanicolaou specimens can be applied to investigate HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Masumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. E-mail:
| | - M Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - M Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - T Fukuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - K Kubushiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - K Tsukazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - S Nozawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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