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Hendry S, Mamotte L, Mesbah Ardakani N, Leslie C, Tesfai Y, Grieu-Iacopetta F, Izaac K, Singh S, Ardakani R, Thomas M, Giardina T, Robinson C, Frost F, Amanuel B. Adequacy of cytology and small biopsy samples obtained with rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) for predictive biomarker testing in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:917-921. [PMID: 37805343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Complete biomarker workup of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens is essential for appropriate and timely clinical management decisions. This can be challenging to achieve from small cytology and histology specimens, with increasing numbers of molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers required. We conducted a 5 year retrospective audit of cases at our institution to assess the diagnostic and biomarker testing adequacy rates, particularly those specimens obtained with rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE), performed by a cytopathologist and a cytology scientist or pathology trainee, including all endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspirations (EBUS-TBNA), CT guided lung fine needle aspirations (FNA) and CT guided lung core biopsies. A total of 5,354 cases were identified, of which 92.2% had sufficient material for diagnosis. Of the 1506 cases identified with a recorded diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma or NSCLC, not otherwise specified, 1001 (66.5%) had biomarker testing requested. Sufficient material was available in 89.5% of cases for a complete biomarker workup which included EGFR and KRAS mutational testing (all cases), ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (all cases), and ALK and ROS1 FISH (as required). For EGFR and KRAS mutational testing across both cytology and histology specimens, 99% of cases were sufficient. Of the samples in which a complete biomarker workup was unable to be performed, approximately half were only insufficient due to inadequate numbers of tumour cells for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. Excluding PD-L1 IHC, 952 (95.1%) of samples obtained with ROSE were sufficient for the remainder of the testing requirements. Next generation sequencing using a 33 gene custom AmpliSeq panel was achieved in up to 72% of cases. In conclusion, small cytology and histology specimens obtained with ROSE are suitable for predictive biomarker testing in NSCLC, although attention needs to be paid to obtaining sufficient cells (>100) for PD-L1 immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Hendry
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Louis Mamotte
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nima Mesbah Ardakani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Yordanos Tesfai
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Fabienne Grieu-Iacopetta
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Katherine Izaac
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Shalinder Singh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rasha Ardakani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Thomas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tindaro Giardina
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cleo Robinson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Discipline of Pathology and Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Felicity Frost
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Benhur Amanuel
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Wiese M, Gärtner S, von Essen N, Doller J, Frost F, Tran Q, Weiss F, Meyer F, Valentini L, Garbe LA, Metges C, Bannert K, Sautter L, Ehlers L, Jaster R, Lamprecht G, Steveling A, Lerch M, Aghdassi A. Impaired Muscle Function Is Rarely Seen In Malnourished Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis Despite Prominently Low Skeletal Muscle Mass. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Ammer-Herrmenau C, Asendorf T, Beyer G, Buchholz SM, Cameron S, Damm M, Frost F, Henker R, Jaster R, Phillip V, Placzek M, Ratei C, Sirtl S, van den Berg T, Weingarten MJ, Woitalla J, Mayerle J, Ellenrieder V, Neesse A. Study protocol P-MAPS: microbiome as predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis-a prospective multicentre translational study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:304. [PMID: 34332533 PMCID: PMC8325304 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder that causes a considerable economic health burden. While the overall mortality is low, around 20% of patients have a complicated course of disease resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. There is an emerging body of evidence that the microbiome exerts a crucial impact on the pathophysiology and course of AP. For several decades multiple clinical and laboratory parameters have been evaluated, and complex scoring systems were developed to predict the clinical course of AP upon admission. However, the majority of scoring systems are determined after several days and achieve a sensitivity around 70% for early prediction of severe AP. Thus, continued efforts are required to investigate reliable biomarkers for the early prediction of severity in order to guide early clinical management of AP patients.
Methods We designed a multi-center, prospective clinical-translational study to test whether the orointestinal microbiome may serve as novel early predictor of the course, severity and outcome of patients with AP. We will recruit 400 AP patients and obtain buccal and rectal swabs within 72 h of admission to the hospital. Following DNA extraction, microbiome analysis will be performed using 3rd generation sequencing Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) for 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. Alpha- and beta-diversity will be determined and correlated to the revised Atlanta classification and additional clinical outcome parameters such as the length of hospital stay, number and type of complications, number of interventions and 30-day mortality. Discussion If AP patients show a distinct orointestinal microbiome dependent on the severity and course of the disease, microbiome sequencing could rapidly be implemented in the early clinical management of AP patients in the future. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04777812
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Asendorf
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S M Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Damm
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - F Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Henker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical Department II, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Jaster
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - V Phillip
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Placzek
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Ratei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sirtl
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T van den Berg
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M J Weingarten
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Woitalla
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Robert-Kochsstraße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Granger E, Frost F, Keogh R. P068 Estimating the long-term effects of insulin on outcomes in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: a target trial approach. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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FitzMaurice T, Wright L, Frost F, Scott E, Winstanley C, Walshaw M, Nazareth D, Fothergill J. P151 Monitoring clinical and microbiological changes in people with cystic fibrosis during the early stages of modulator therapy in an adult centre in the UK. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frost F, Keogh R, Ballmann M. WS15.5 An international comparison of insulin use in incident Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: data from the UK and German Cystic Fibrosis Registries. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Frost F, Nazareth D, Walshaw M, Young G, Winstanley C, Fothergill J. P087 Inhaled and intravenous treatment strategies exert different effects on the lung microbiome during acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: results from the AZTEC-CF study. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frost F, Fothergill J, Winstanley C, Walshaw M, Nazareth D. P150 Aztreonam lysine recovers lung function and improves quality of life in the treatment of acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: results from an open-label randomised crossover study (AZTEC-CF). J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Frost F, Nazareth D, Al-Aloul M. P063 Assessing the validity and applicability of the French 3-year prognostic score in the UK cystic fibrosis population. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bonavita J, Green C, Rajakaruna R, Grieu-Iacopetta F, Amanuel B, Frost F. Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast with reverse polarity – A case report of a rare entity with a novel IDH2 mutation. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.01.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Frost F, Jones GH, Dyce P, Jackson V, Nazareth D, Walshaw MJ. Loss of incretin effect contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Diabet Med 2019; 36:1367-1374. [PMID: 31466128 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the incretin axis in people with cystic fibrosis. METHODS Adults with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, cystic fibrosis without diabetes, and controls (adults without cystic fibrosis and without diabetes) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and then a closely matched isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion. On each occasion, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, total and active glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses were recorded and incremental areas under curves were calculated for 60 and 240 min. RESULTS Five adults with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, six with cystic fibrosis without diabetes and six controls, matched for age and BMI, completed the study. Glucose during oral glucose tolerance test closely matched those during isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion. The calculated incretin effect was similar in the control group and the cystic fibrosis without diabetes group (28% and 29%, respectively), but was lost in the cystic fibrosis-related diabetes group (cystic fibrosis-related diabetes vs control group: -6% vs 28%; p=0.03). No hyposecretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide was observed; conversely, 60-min incremental area under the curve for total glucagon-like peptide-1 was significantly higher in the cystic fibrosis-related diabetes group than in the control group [1070.4 (254.7) vs 694.97 (308.1); p=0.03] CONCLUSIONS: The incretin effect was lost in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes despite adequate secretion of the incretin hormones. These data support the concept that reduced incretin hormone insulinotropic activity contributes significantly to postprandial hyperglycaemia in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frost
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart and Chest NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G H Jones
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart and Chest NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Dyce
- Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Service, Liverpool Heart and Chest NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - V Jackson
- Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Service, Liverpool Heart and Chest NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Nazareth
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart and Chest NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Walshaw
- Adult CF Centre, Liverpool Heart and Chest NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Yioe V, Frost F, Heaton J, Walshaw M, Nazareth D, Wat D, Greenwood J, Ledson M. P417 Exploring medication adherence at a large adult cystic fibrosis centre. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Penfold R, Frost F, Nazareth D, Walshaw M, Wat D, Greenwood J, Ledson M. P130 Does ivacaftor influence antibiotic resistance in people with cystic fibrosis? J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Ochota A, Frost F, Pandya S, Foster K, Walshaw M. WS11-3-1 BMI: a predictor of bone mineral density in adult people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Todd J, Frost F, Penha D, Yioe V. P180 Computed tomography and the Houndsfield unit of density of bronchoceles in patients with cystic fibrosis cannot be reliably used to predict microbial status. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Singh MV, Frost F, Dyce P, Jackson V, Walshaw M, Nazareth D. P291 Glycaemic variability is associated with increased risk of hypoglycaemia in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Dyce P, Frost F, Jackson V, Mullen C. P288 National trends for the usage of continuous glucose monitoring for diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Dyce P, Jackson V, Frost F. P304 Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: whose responsibility is it anyway? J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aldous G, Frost F, Pinnock N, Walshaw M, Nazareth D. P274 I'm with the band. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brockelsby C, Frost F, Griffiths P, Greenwood J, Walshaw M. P234 Transplant eligibility perceptions amongst a cystic fibrosis multidisciplinary team. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Sivabalah K, Frost F, Greenwood J, Walshaw M. P169 Improved clinical outcomes following Nissen fundoplication in cystic fibrosis patients: experience in a large adult CF centre. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Greener T, Frost F, Walshaw M, Wat D. P059 Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria at an adult cystic fibrosis centre. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Griffiths P, Calvert P, Hilton N, Frost F. P156 Mobile phone step-counter data does not correlate with objective measures of exercise capacity. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brockelsby C, Frost F, Griffiths P, Walshaw M. EPS2.08 Clinical characteristics of patients with one known cystic fibrosis-related mutation despite extended genotype testing. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Griffiths P, Brockelsby C, Frost F, Lee X, Ledson M, Walshaw M. Diagnostic accuracy of routine coded versus 72-hour CT reporting in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Siewert F, Löchel B, Buchheim J, Eggenstein F, Firsov A, Gwalt G, Kutz O, Lemke S, Nelles B, Rudolph I, Schäfers F, Seliger T, Senf F, Sokolov A, Waberski C, Wolf J, Zeschke T, Zizak I, Follath R, Arnold T, Frost F, Pietag F, Erko A. Gratings for synchrotron and FEL beamlines: a project for the manufacture of ultra-precise gratings at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:91-99. [PMID: 29271757 PMCID: PMC5741124 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517015600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Blazed gratings are of dedicated interest for the monochromatization of synchrotron radiation when a high photon flux is required, such as, for example, in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments or when the use of laminar gratings is excluded due to too high flux densities and expected damage, for example at free-electron laser beamlines. Their availability became a bottleneck since the decommissioning of the grating manufacture facility at Carl Zeiss in Oberkochen. To resolve this situation a new technological laboratory was established at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, including instrumentation from Carl Zeiss. Besides the upgraded ZEISS equipment, an advanced grating production line has been developed, including a new ultra-precise ruling machine, ion etching technology as well as laser interference lithography. While the old ZEISS ruling machine GTM-6 allows ruling for a grating length up to 170 mm, the new GTM-24 will have the capacity for 600 mm (24 inch) gratings with groove densities between 50 lines mm-1 and 1200 lines mm-1. A new ion etching machine with a scanning radiofrequency excited ion beam (HF) source allows gratings to be etched into substrates of up to 500 mm length. For a final at-wavelength characterization, a new reflectometer at a new Optics beamline at the BESSY-II storage ring is under operation. This paper reports on the status of the grating fabrication, the measured quality of fabricated items by ex situ and in situ metrology, and future development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Siewert
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Löchel
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Buchheim
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Eggenstein
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Firsov
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Gwalt
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Kutz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - St. Lemke
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Nelles
- DIOS GmbH, Bad Münstereifel, Schmittstraße 41, 53902 Bad Münstereifel, Germany
| | - I. Rudolph
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Schäfers
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Seliger
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Senf
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Sokolov
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ch. Waberski
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Wolf
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Zeschke
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Zizak
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Follath
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villingen, Switzerland
| | - T. Arnold
- IOM – Leibniz Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung eV, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F. Frost
- IOM – Leibniz Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung eV, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F. Pietag
- IOM – Leibniz Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung eV, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A. Erko
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Frost F, Chew P, Mullen L, Fisher M, Grainger R, Dodd J, Albouaini K, Zadeh H, Khand A. P2718High sensitivity troponin T in combination with risk scores for suspected acute coronary syndromes: An comprehensive evaluation of HEART, TIMI and GRACE scores. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Frost F, Dyce P, Nazareth D, Malone V, Tidsbury N, Browning N, Ledson M, Greenwood J, Walshaw M, Jones G. EPS3.2 Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) levels in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Frost F, Trafford R, Greenwood J, Ledson M, Nazareth D, Walshaw M. EPS6.5 Detecting changes in health in cystic fibrosis – a role for smartphones? J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Frost F, Sapina-Vivo R, Nazareth D, Greenwood J, Ledson M, Walshaw M. 187 Long-term continuous inhaled aztreonam (Cayston) BD. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Frost F, Fothergill J, Shaw M, Ledson M, Greenwood J, Winstanley C, Walshaw M. 135 Is CF related diabetes associated with increased prevalence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia? J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Taylor A, Frost F, Ledson M, Spencer-Clegg E, Sapina-Vivo R, Walshaw M. 185 Doxycycline vs. chloramphenicol for use in exacerbations of CF. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Frost F, Jones G, Ledson M, Nazareth D, Walshaw M, Greenwood J. EPS3.8 Non-invasive liver tests in cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD). J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shield PW, Frost F, Finnimore JL, Wright RG, Cummings MC. External quality assurance in nongynecologic cytology: The Australasian experience. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125:349-361. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Shield
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology; Bowen Hills, Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Felicity Frost
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jo L. Finnimore
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - R. Gordon Wright
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine; Bond University; Robina Queensland Australia
| | - Margaret C. Cummings
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; Herston Queensland Australia
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Cheah CY, Spagnolo D, Frost F, Cull G. Synchronous biphenotypic Richter syndrome with Epstein-Barr virus-positive nodal classical Hodgkin lymphoma and bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2016; 69:707-10. [PMID: 27079556 DOI: 10.1111/his.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Y Cheah
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Dominic Spagnolo
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Felicity Frost
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Gavin Cull
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Frost F, Al-Hakim B, Wordingham-Baker S, Ford V, Ashcroft H, Ward K, Parker R, Chakrabarti B, Angus R, Duffy N. P194 Inpatient adjustment of sub-optimal home mechanical ventilation (HMV) – an effective use of resources?: Abstract P194 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Joshi K, Sim G, Lannigan F, Frost F, Kumarsinghe P, Thomas E, Price G, Nguyen H, Baynam G, Charles A, Choong C. Follicular thyroid carcinoma in a child presenting as autonomously functioning thyroid nodule. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4429049 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2015-s1-p104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Taylor DB, Bourke AG, Westcott E, Burrage J, Latham B, Riley P, Ballal H, Kamyab R, Frost F, Dissanayake D, Landman J, Phillips M, Saunders C. Radioguided occult lesion localisation using iodine‐125 seeds (‘
ROLLIS
’) for removal of impalpable breast lesions: First
A
ustralian experience. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2015; 59:411-420. [DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna B. Taylor
- School of SurgeryUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of RadiologyRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Anita G. Bourke
- School of SurgeryUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Breast CentreDepartment of RadiologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Eliza Westcott
- Department of Medical Technology and PhysicsSir Charles Gairdner HospitalQEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - John Burrage
- Department of Medical Engineering and PhysicsRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest Laboratory MedicineRoyal Perth Hospitial Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of MedicineNotre Dame University Fremantle Western Australia Australia
| | - Paul Riley
- Breast CentreDepartment of RadiologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Helen Ballal
- Breast CentreDepartment of RadiologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Roshi Kamyab
- Breast CentreDepartment of RadiologySir Charles Gairdner Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Felicity Frost
- PathWest Laboratory MedicineQEII Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Deepthi Dissanayake
- Department of RadiologyRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Joanne Landman
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Michael Phillips
- Harry Perkins Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Christobel Saunders
- School of SurgeryUniversity of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of RadiologyRoyal Perth Hospital Perth Western Australia Australia
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Jones G, Frost F, Lakhanpal A, Smyth C, Ledson M, Walshaw M. P221 The Use Of Cytological Specimens To Determine Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (egfr) Mutation Status In Non-small Cell Lung Cancers (nsclc). Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Frost F, Jones G, Greenwood J, Ledson M, Walshaw M. P78 Can Pet Standard Uptake Variable (suv) Predict Disease Progression In Early-stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (nsclc)? Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Miranda A, Frost F, Golledge C, Van Vliet C. An unexpected finding of Fasciola hepatica in an FNA of a liver mass. Cytopathology 2014; 26:259-60. [PMID: 24975491 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Miranda
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Cytology, PathWest Laboratory of Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - F Frost
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Cytology, PathWest Laboratory of Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - C Golledge
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory of Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - C Van Vliet
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Cytology, PathWest Laboratory of Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Chai SM, Kavangh S, Ooi SS, Sterrett GF, Cull G, Plunkett M, Spagnolo D, Amanuel B, Joske D, Leslie C, Barham T, Frost F. Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma associated with breast implants: A unique entity within the spectrum of peri-implant effusions. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 42:929-38. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siaw Ming Chai
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Simon Kavangh
- Department of Haematology; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Sin Sin Ooi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Gregory F. Sterrett
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Gavin Cull
- Department of Haematology; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Myfanwy Plunkett
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Dominic Spagnolo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Benhur Amanuel
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - David Joske
- Department of Haematology; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | - Tony Barham
- Perth Medical Laboratories; Fremantle Western Australia Australia
| | - Felicity Frost
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine; QEII Medical Centre; Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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Chai SM, Herba K, Kumarasinghe MP, de Boer WB, Amanuel B, Grieu-Iacopetta F, Lim EM, Segarajasingam D, Yusoff I, Choo C, Frost F. Optimizing the multimodal approach to pancreatic cyst fluid diagnosis: developing a volume-based triage protocol. Cancer Cytopathol 2012; 121:86-100. [PMID: 22961878 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to develop a triage algorithm to optimize diagnostic yield from cytology, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) testing on different components of a single pancreatic cyst fluid specimen. The authors also sought to determine whether cell block supernatant was suitable for CEA and KRAS testing. METHODS Fifty-four pancreatic cysts were triaged according to a volume-dependent protocol to generate fluid (neat and supernatant) and cell block specimens for cytology, comparative CEA, and KRAS testing. Follow-up histology, diagnostic cytology, or a combined clinicopathologic interpretation was recorded as the final diagnosis. RESULTS There were 26 mucinous cystic lesions and 28 nonmucinous cystic lesions with volumes ranging from 0.3 mL to 55 mL. Testing different components of the specimens (cell block, neat, and/or supernatant) enabled all laboratory investigations to be performed on 50 of 54 cyst fluids (92.6%). Interpretive concordance was observed in 17 of 17 cases (100%) and in 35 of 40 cases (87.5%) that had multiple components tested for CEA and KRAS mutations, respectively. An elevated CEA level (>192 ng/mL) was the most sensitive test for the detection of a mucinous cystic lesion (62.5%) versus KRAS mutation (56%) and "positive" cytology (61.5%). KRAS mutations were identified in 2 of 25 mucinous cystic lesions (8%) in which cytology and CEA levels were not contributory. CONCLUSIONS A volume-based protocol using different components of the specimen was able to optimize diagnostic yield in pancreatic cyst fluids. KRAS mutation testing increased diagnostic yield when combined with cytology and CEA analysis. The current results demonstrated that supernatant is comparable to neat fluid and cell block material for CEA and KRAS testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siaw Ming Chai
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Center, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
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Singh S, Steele N, Frost F. Outcome of 295 possible HGSL pap tests according to cytological pattern, age and HPV status with review and reclassification of 87 cases. Pathology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abou-Ras D, Marsen B, Rissom T, Frost F, Schulz H, Bauer F, Efimova V, Hoffmann V, Eicke A. Enhancements in specimen preparation of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin films. Micron 2011; 43:470-4. [PMID: 22192980 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
When producing slices from Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) thin films for solar cells by use of a focused ion beam (FIB), agglomerates form on the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) surfaces, which deteriorate substantially the imaging and analysis in scanning electron microscopy. Similar problems are also experienced when depth-profiling Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) thin films by means of glow-discharge or secondary ion mass spectrometry. The present work shows that the agglomerates are composed of (mainly) Cu, and that their formation may be impeded considerably by either cooling of the sample or by use of reactive gases during the ion-beam sputtering. The introduction of XeF(2) during FIB slicing resulted in excellent images, in which the microstructures of most layers in the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) thin film stack are visible, including the microstructure of the 20 nm thin MoSe(2) layer. Acquisition of high-quality two-dimensional and also three-dimensional electron backscatter diffraction data was possible. The present work gives a basis for enhanced SEM imaging and analysis not only in the case of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) thin films but also when dealing with further material systems exhibiting similar formations of agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Abou-Ras
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
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Frost F, Dailler F, Duflo F. Méta-analyse : ondansétron en prophylaxie des nausées et vomissements postopératoires chez l’adulte et l’enfant après craniotomie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 29:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ziberi B, Cornejo M, Frost F, Rauschenbach B. Highly ordered nanopatterns on Ge and Si surfaces by ion beam sputtering. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:224003. [PMID: 21715742 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/224003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The bombardment of surfaces with low-energy ion beams leads to material erosion and can be accompanied by changes in the topography. Under certain conditions this surface erosion can result in well-ordered nanostructures. Here an overview of the pattern formation on Si and Ge surfaces under low-energy ion beam erosion at room temperature will be given. In particular, the formation of ripple and dot patterns, and the influence of different process parameters on their formation, ordering, shape and type will be discussed. Furthermore, the internal ion beam parameters inherent to broad beam ion sources are considered as an additional degree of freedom for controlling the pattern formation process. In this context: (i) formation of ripples at near-normal ion incidence, (ii) formation of dots at oblique ion incidence without sample rotation, (iii) transition between patterns, (iv) formation of ripples with different orientations and (v) long range ordered dot patterns will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ziberi
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e. V. (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Frost F, Fechner R, Ziberi B, Völlner J, Flamm D, Schindler A. Large area smoothing of surfaces by ion bombardment: fundamentals and applications. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:224026. [PMID: 21715764 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/224026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ion beam erosion can be used as a process for achieving surface smoothing at microscopic length scales and for the preparation of ultrasmooth surfaces, as an alternative to nanostructuring of various surfaces via self-organization. This requires that in the evolution of the surface topography different relaxation mechanisms dominate over the roughening, and smoothing of initially rough surfaces can occur. This contribution focuses on the basic mechanisms as well as potential applications of surface smoothing using low energy ion beams. In the first part, the fundamentals for the smoothing of III/V semiconductors, Si and quartz glass surfaces using low energy ion beams (ion energy: ≤2000 eV) are reviewed using examples. The topography evolution of these surfaces with respect to different process parameters (ion energy, ion incidence angle, erosion time, sample rotation) has been investigated. On the basis of the time evolution of different roughness parameters, the relevant surface relaxation mechanisms responsible for surface smoothing are discussed. In this context, physical constraints as regards the effectiveness of surface smoothing by direct ion bombardment will also be addressed and furthermore ion beam assisted smoothing techniques are introduced. In the second application-orientated part, recent technological developments related to ion beam assisted smoothing of optically relevant surfaces are summarized. It will be demonstrated that smoothing by direct ion bombardment in combination with the use of sacrificial smoothing layers and the utilization of appropriate broad beam ion sources enables the polishing of various technologically important surfaces down to 0.1 nm root mean square roughness level, showing great promise for large area surface processing. Specific examples are given for ion beam smoothing of different optical surfaces, especially for substrates used for advanced optical applications (e.g., in x-ray optics and components for extreme ultraviolet lithography).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frost
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung e. V. (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Carbone D, Biermanns A, Ziberi B, Frost F, Plantevin O, Pietsch U, Metzger TH. Ion-induced nanopatterns on semiconductor surfaces investigated by grazing incidence x-ray scattering techniques. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:224007. [PMID: 21715746 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/224007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this review we cover and describe the application of grazing incidence x-ray scattering techniques to study and characterize nanopattern formation on semiconductor surfaces by ion beam erosion under various conditions. It is demonstrated that x-rays under grazing incidence are especially well suited to characterize (sub)surface structures on the nanoscale with high spatial and statistical accuracy. The corresponding theory and data evaluation is described in the distorted wave Born approximation. Both ex situ and in situ studies are presented, performed with the use of a specially designed sputtering chamber which allows us to follow the temporal evolution of the nanostructure formation. Corresponding results show a general stabilization of the ordering wavelength and the extension of the ordering as a function of the ion energy and fluence as predicted by theory. The in situ measurements are especially suited to study the early stages of pattern formation, which in some cases reveal a transition from dot to ripple formation. For the case of medium energy ions crystalline ripples are formed buried under a semi-amorphous thick layer with a ripple structure at the surface being conformal with the crystalline/amorphous interface. Here, the x-ray techniques are especially advantageous since they are non-destructive and bulk-sensitive by their very nature. In addition, the GI x-ray techniques described in this review are a unique tool to study the evolving strain, a topic which remains to be explored both experimentally and theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carbone
- ID01, ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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