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Xu P, Li G, Zheng Y, Fung JCH, Chen A, Zeng Z, Shen H, Hu M, Mao J, Zheng Y, Cui X, Guo Z, Chen Y, Feng L, He S, Zhang X, Lau AKH, Tao S, Houlton BZ. Fertilizer management for global ammonia emission reduction. Nature 2024; 626:792-798. [PMID: 38297125 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Crop production is a large source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3), which poses risks to air quality, human health and ecosystems1-5. However, estimating global NH3 emissions from croplands is subject to uncertainties because of data limitations, thereby limiting the accurate identification of mitigation options and efficacy4,5. Here we develop a machine learning model for generating crop-specific and spatially explicit NH3 emission factors globally (5-arcmin resolution) based on a compiled dataset of field observations. We show that global NH3 emissions from rice, wheat and maize fields in 2018 were 4.3 ± 1.0 Tg N yr-1, lower than previous estimates that did not fully consider fertilizer management practices6-9. Furthermore, spatially optimizing fertilizer management, as guided by the machine learning model, has the potential to reduce the NH3 emissions by about 38% (1.6 ± 0.4 Tg N yr-1) without altering total fertilizer nitrogen inputs. Specifically, we estimate potential NH3 emissions reductions of 47% (44-56%) for rice, 27% (24-28%) for maize and 26% (20-28%) for wheat cultivation, respectively. Under future climate change scenarios, we estimate that NH3 emissions could increase by 4.0 ± 2.7% under SSP1-2.6 and 5.5 ± 5.7% under SSP5-8.5 by 2030-2060. However, targeted fertilizer management has the potential to mitigate these increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geng Li
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaokun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuguo Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Lee YJ, Pan Y, Lim D, Park SH, Sin SI, Kwack K, Park KY. Broccoli Cultivated with Deep Sea Water Mineral Fertilizer Enhances Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal Cancer in C57BL/6N Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1650. [PMID: 38338927 PMCID: PMC10855752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the alleviating effect of broccoli grown with deep sea water mineral (DSWM) fertilizer extracted from deep sea water on the development of colorectal cancer in C57BL/6N mice treated with AOM/DSS. Naturaldream Fertilizer Broccoli (NFB) cultured with deep sea water minerals (DSWM) showed a higher antioxidant effect and mineral content. In addition, orally administered NFB, showed a level of recovery in the colon and spleen tissues of mice compared with those in normal mice through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Orally administered NFB showed the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokine factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-12 while increasing the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB in the liver tissue was inhibited, and that of inflammatory enzymes, such as COX-2 and iNOS, was reduced. In the colon tissue, the expression of p53 and p21 associated with cell cycle arrest increased, and that of Bcl-2 associated with apoptosis decreased. Additionally, the expression of Bax, Bad, Bim, Bak, caspase 9, and caspase 3 increased, indicating enhanced activation of apoptosis-related factors. These results demonstrate that oral administration of broccoli cultivated using DSWM significantly restores spleen and colon tissues and simultaneously inhibits the NF-κB pathway while significantly decreasing cytokine expression. Moreover, by inducing cell cycle arrest and activating cell apoptosis, they also suggest alleviating AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer symptoms in C57BL/6N mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Yanni Pan
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Daewoo Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye-gun 57607, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Il Sin
- Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye-gun 57607, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (Y.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Kun-Young Park
- Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
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Jamshidi S, Naderi A. A quantitative approach on environment-food nexus: integrated modeling and indices for cumulative impact assessment of farm management practices. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14816. [PMID: 36743953 PMCID: PMC9893910 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Best management practices (BMPs) are promising solutions that can partially control pollution discharged from farmlands. These strategies, like fertilizer reduction and using filter strips, mainly control nutrient (N and P) pollution loads in basins. However, they have secondary impacts on nutrition production and ecosystem. This study develops a method to evaluate the cumulative environmental impacts of BMPs. It also introduces and calculates food's environmental footprint (FEF) for accounting the total environmental damages per nutrition production. Methods This study combines the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) for basin simulation with the indices of ReCiPe, a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method. By these means, the effectiveness of BMPs on pollution loads, production yields, and water footprints (WFs) are evaluated and converted as equivalent environmental damages. This method was verified in Zrebar Lake, western Iran. Here, water consumption, as WFs, and eutrophication are the main indices that are converted into equivalent health and ecological impairments. Two methods, entropy and environmental performance index (EPI), are used for weighting normalized endpoints in last step. Results Results showed that using 25-50% less fertilizer and water for irrigation combined with vegetated filter strips reduce N and P pollution about 34-60% and 8-21%, respectively. These can decrease ecosystem damages by 5-9% and health risks by 7-14%. Here, freshwater eutrophication is a more critical damage in ecosystem. However, using less fertilizer adversely reduces total nutrition production by 1.7-3.7%. It means that BMPs can decline total ecological damages and health risks, which threatens nutrition production. FEF presents a tool to solve this dilemma about the sustainability of BMPs. In the study area, a 4-9% decrease in FEF means that BMPs are more environmental friendly than nutrition menacing. Finally, this study concludes that SWAT-ReCiPe with FEF provides a quantitative framework for environment-food nexus assessment. However, due to the uncertainties, this method is recommended as a tool for comparing management strategies instead of reporting certain values.
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Govers LP, Devuyst O. Urine: from waste to fertilizer. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1206-1208. [PMID: 36411013 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P Govers
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lin SQ, Li JJ, Shang XJ, Pei LJ. [Interactive effect of chemical fertilizer exposure and drinking untreated water on the risk of birth defects]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2022; 28:1059-1064. [PMID: 37846624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the interactive effect of chemical fertilizer exposure and drinking untreated water during pregnancy on the risk of birth defects. METHODS The data were collected from a population-based birth surveillance system in Pingding County, Shanxi Province, from 2007 to 2012. Totally, 157 cases of birth defects were followed up and 204 healthy newborns taken as controls. The additive model and relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) were used to evaluate the interactive effect of chemical fertilizer exposure and drinking untreated water during pregnancy on the risk of birth defects. RESULTS After adjusted for potential confounding factors, mothers living in villages with ≥ 65 ton/year chemical fertilizer application and drinking untreated water, as from deep underground, cellars, mountain spring, rivers, lakes or ponds, showed a higher risk of birth defects than those living in villages with <65 ton/year chemical fertilizer application and drinking tap or purified water (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.11-4.07). A strengthened interaction was observed between the annual application of chemical fertilizer at the village level and drinking untreated water (RERI = 2.08, 95% CI: 0.23-3.92, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The pollution of drinking water may be an important pathway for chemical fertilizer exposure affecting birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Lin
- Institute of Population Research / Peking University Center for Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Institute of Population Research / Peking University Center for Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xue-Jun Shang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine / General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Li-Jun Pei
- Institute of Population Research / Peking University Center for Population Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Li J, Lin S, Wu J, Pei L, Shang X. OUP accepted manuscript. Int Health 2022; 15:299-308. [PMID: 35521756 PMCID: PMC10153556 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to pesticides during early pregnancy is associated with increased risks of birth defects, while the association between maternal exposure to chemical fertilizer during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects remains unknown. METHODS Data were from a population-based birth defects surveillance system between 2007 and 2012 in Pingding County, Shanxi Province, northern China. A total of 14 074 births with 235 birth defects were used to estimate spatial clustering and correlations at the village level. A population-based case-control study of 157 cases with birth defects and 204 controls was performed to investigate the association between maternal chemical fertilizer exposure and the risk of birth defects by a two-level logistic model. RESULTS The total prevalence of birth defects between 2007 and 2012 was 167.0/10 000 births. The spatial analysis indicated a remarkable high-risk area of birth defects in the southeast of Pingding County and the use of chemical fertilizer was associated with the risk of birth defects at the village level. After adjusting for confounders at the individual level, mothers who live in villages with chemical fertilizer application ≥65 tons/y had an increased risk of birth defects (adjusted odds ratio 2.06 [95% confidence interval 1.23 to 3.46]) compared with those of <65 tons/y. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the risk of birth defects may be associated with the use of chemical fertilizer in rural northern China. The findings must be cautiously interpreted and need to be investigated on larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jilei Wu
- Institute of Population Research/China Center on Population Health and Development, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100871, China
| | - Lijun Pei
- Corresponding authors: Tel: +86 010-62751974; E-mail:
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Corresponding authors: Tel: +86 025-84815775; E-mail:
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Ma R, Li K, Guo Y, Zhang B, Zhao X, Linder S, Guan C, Chen G, Gan Y, Meng J. Mitigation potential of global ammonia emissions and related health impacts in the trade network. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6308. [PMID: 34741029 PMCID: PMC8571346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions, mainly from agricultural sources, generate substantial health damage due to the adverse effects on air quality. NH3 emission reduction strategies are still far from being effective. In particular, a growing trade network in this era of globalization offers untapped emission mitigation potential that has been overlooked. Here we show that about one-fourth of global agricultural NH3 emissions in 2012 are trade-related. Globally they induce 61 thousand PM2.5-related premature mortalities, with 25 thousand deaths associated with crop cultivation and 36 thousand deaths with livestock production. The trade-related health damage network is regionally integrated and can be characterized by three trading communities. Thus, effective cooperation within trade-dependent communities will achieve considerable NH3 emission reductions allowed by technological advancements and trade structure adjustments. Identification of regional communities from network analysis offers a new perspective on addressing NH3 emissions and is also applicable to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Harvard-NUIST Joint Laboratory for Air Quality and Climate, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yixin Guo
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China.
| | - Xueli Zhao
- School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Soeren Linder
- Joint Research Centre, Food Security Group, European Commissions, Ispra, Italy
| | - ChengHe Guan
- Arts and Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqian Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology and Sustainability Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Gan
- School of Government, The Leo KoGuan Building, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University of College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Yao Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Liu D, Gao X, Chen X. Nitrogen leaching and grey water footprint affected by nitrogen fertilization rate in maize production: a case study of Southwest China. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:6064-6073. [PMID: 33876441 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective nitrogen (N) management measures are required to control environmental problems caused by N fertilizer use in intensive maize production systems. Soil N losses associated with high precipitation and over-fertilization in maize production can cause substantial environmental problems, whereas there is a lack of quantitative data and effective study countermeasures. A 2-year field study was conducted in the subtropical maize production system in Southwest China to quantify N leaching under varying N application rates of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . RESULTS The results indicated that N leaching accounted for 16-38% of N fertilizer input. For farmer practice treatment (360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ), N leaching loss was high at 110 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and accounted for 31% of the N applied. As an indicator of the ambient water quality pollution, the grey water footprint across all treatments ranged from 376 to 1092 m3 Mg-1 , with an average of 695 m3 Mg-1 . Reducing N rate to agronomically optimized treatment (180 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ) significantly decreased N leaching by 77%, and maintained high grain yield of 8.1 Mg ha-1 . The grey water footprint was reduced by 52-63% with N rates from 270 or 360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 to 180 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . CONCLUSION Nitrogen surplus (applied N rate minus N uptake by maize) resulted in higher soil residual nitrate concentration and consequently high N leaching. High precipitation and low soil pH were the main ecological factors leading to high N leaching. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxue Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunyi Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Tang H, Li C, Shi L, Xiao X, Cheng K, Wen L, Li W. Effect of different long-term fertilizer managements on soil nitrogen fixing bacteria community in a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256754. [PMID: 34469461 PMCID: PMC8409621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganism plays an important role in nitrogen (N) fixation process of paddy field, but the related information about how soil microorganism that drive N fixation process response to change of soil phy-chemical characteristics under the double-cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field in southern of China is need to further study. Therefore, the impacts of 34-years different long-term fertilization system on soil N-fixing bacteria community under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China were investigated by taken chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method in this paper. The field experiment were set up four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and unfertilized as a control (CK). This results showed that compared with CK treatment, the diversity index of cbbLR and nifH genes with OM and RF treatments were significantly increased (p<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of cbbLR gene with OM, RF and MF treatments were increased by 23.94, 12.19 and 6.70×107 copies g-1 compared to CK treatment, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the abundance of nifH gene with OM, RF and MF treatments were increased by 23.90, 8.82 and 5.40×109 copies g-1, respectively. This results indicated that compared with CK treatment, the soil autotrophic azotobacter and nitrogenase activities with OM and RF treatments were also significantly increased (p<0.05), respectively. There were an obvious difference in features of soil N-fixing bacteria community between application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure treatments. Therefore, this results demonstrated that abundance of soil N-fixing bacteria community in the double-cropping rice paddy field were increased by long-term applied with organic manure and crop residue managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Tang
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Li
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Kaikai Cheng
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Li Wen
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Changsha, China
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10
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Wang L, Cui H, Chang X, Zhu M, Zhao Z. Increased nitrogen fertilization inhibits the biocontrol activity promoted by the intercropping partner plant. Insect Sci 2021; 28:1179-1190. [PMID: 32567801 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The examination of the compatibility between agricultural practices and biocontrol activities is crucial for establishing an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable pest management program. In this study, we examined the population dynamics of two specialist aphids, the English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) on potted wheat and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) on potted alfalfa, as well as the biocontrol activity of a generalist predator, the harlequin ladybird beetle (Harmonia axyridis). We investigated their responses to the presence of the intercropping partner plant species (alfalfa and wheat, respectively) through plant volatiles or visual cues at three nitrogen fertilizer levels in a greenhouse. In the absence of the predator, the English grain aphid population growth rate increased significantly with increasing nitrogen levels, whereas the pea aphid population increased significantly more slowly in response to high nitrogen levels. The English grain aphid and pea aphid population dynamics were unaffected by the presence of the intercropping partner. However, the presence of the intercropping partner enhanced the control of both aphid populations by the harlequin ladybird beetle. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels decreased the predation rates, which were otherwise increased by the intercropping partner. The beneficial effects of the intercropping partner were eventually non-existent at the highest nitrogen level tested. These results imply that the interaction between the presence of intercropping partner and the nitrogen fertilizer application affects the biocontrol activity of the natural enemies of insect pests. Thus, the compatibility between agricultural intensification and biocontrol strategies in integrated pest management programs need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyun Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Cui
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Chang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Beckers SJ, Staal AHJ, Rosenauer C, Srinivas M, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Targeted Drug Delivery for Sustainable Crop Protection: Transport and Stability of Polymeric Nanocarriers in Plants. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100067. [PMID: 34105269 PMCID: PMC8188206 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Spraying of agrochemicals (pesticides, fertilizers) causes environmental pollution on a million-ton scale. A sustainable alternative is target-specific, on-demand drug delivery by polymeric nanocarriers. Trunk injections of aqueous nanocarrier dispersions can overcome the biological size barriers of roots and leaves and allow distributing the nanocarriers through the plant. To date, the fate of polymeric nanocarriers inside a plant is widely unknown. Here, the in planta conditions in grapevine plants are simulated and the colloidal stability of a systematic series of nanocarriers composed of polystyrene (well-defined model) and biodegradable lignin and polylactic-co-glycolic acid by a combination of different techniques is studied. Despite the adsorption of carbohydrates and other biomolecules onto the nanocarriers' surface, they remain colloidally stable after incubation in biological fluids (wood sap), suggesting a potential transport via the xylem. The transport is tracked by fluorine- and ruthenium-labeled nanocarriers inside of grapevines by 19 F-magnetic resonance imaging or induced coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy. Both methods show that the nanocarriers are transported inside of the plant and proved to be powerful tools to localize nanomaterials in plants. This study provides essential information to design nanocarriers for agrochemical delivery in plants to sustainable crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander H. J. Staal
- Department of Tumor ImmunologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterGeert Grooteplein 26/28Nijmegen6525GAThe Netherlands
| | | | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor ImmunologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterGeert Grooteplein 26/28Nijmegen6525GAThe Netherlands
- Cenya Imaging BVTweede Kostverlorlenkade 11hAmsterdam1052RKThe Netherlands
| | | | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für PolymerforschungAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry GroupMESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiteit TwentePO Box 217Enschede7500AEThe Netherlands
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12
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Kátai J, Zsuposné ÁO, Tállai M, Alshaal T. Would fertilization history render the soil microbial communities and their activities more resistant to rainfall fluctuations? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110803. [PMID: 32505761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water stress and nutrient supply are two of the most ubiquitous global changes that surely drive substantial variations not only in agricultural productivity but also extend to alert soil living organisms. The present study aims to understand the intrinsic changes in the composition of soil populations and their functions due to the interaction between long-term fertilization and rainfall fluctuations, seeing whether fertilization history would render the soil microbial communities and their activities more resistant to water stress or not. The experiment was established in 1988 on a typical meadow soil (Vertisols) as a rainfed maize monoculture receiving six elevated rates of NPK annually. The 30-year average annual precipitation of the growing season in this region is 345.1 mm. However, in 2010 rainfall was 106.1% greater than the average, while in 2011 it was 26.5% lower. The results show that long-term NPK fertilization has made the soil microbes more tolerant to changes in soil moisture content resulting from rainfall fluctuations. Soil microbes and their activities, however, did not follow a dose-response relationship of NPK as soil moisture content was the main driving factor. Numbers of total fungi, cellulose decomposing bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria increased as rainfall in 2010 increased. Moreover, microbial biomass carbon in 2010 was almost 2-fold higher than in 2009. Soil respiration in 2010 was 11 and 35% higher than in 2009 and 2011, respectively. Otherwise, high rainfall in 2010 significantly diminished soil NO3- content and nitrification rate. Soil enzyme activity showed a higher response to soil moisture than the rate of NPK. The highest activity of phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and saccharase was measured in the driest year (2011), while urease displayed its highest activity in 2010. High rates of NPK significantly reduced soil dehydrogenase activity. These results illustrate how important it is for fertilizer programs to be flexible to match expected climate change in order to improve productivity and reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kátai
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Sciences, 4032, Böszörményi út 138, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Oláh Zsuposné
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Sciences, 4032, Böszörményi út 138, Hungary.
| | - Magdolna Tállai
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Sciences, 4032, Böszörményi út 138, Hungary.
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, University of Debrecen, AGTC Böszörményi U. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Meza-Palacios R, Aguilar-Lasserre AA, Morales-Mendoza LF, Rico-Contreras JO, Sánchez-Medel LH, Fernández-Lambert G. Decision support system for NPK fertilization: a solution method for minimizing the impact on human health, climate change, ecosystem quality and resources. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:1267-1282. [PMID: 32615065 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1787012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane cultivation requires correct fertilizer rates. However, when nutrients are not available, or there is over-fertilization, the yields are significantly reduced and the environmental burden increase. In this study, it is proposed a decision support system (DSS) for the correct NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilization. The DSS consists of two fuzzy models; the edaphic condition model (EDC-M) and the NPK fertilization model (NPK-M). The DSS using parameters from soil analysis and is based on the experience of two groups of experts to avoid the bias to the reality of a single group of professionals. The results of the DSS are compared with the results of soil analysis and those of the group of experts. One hundred and sixty tests were developed in the NPK-M. The N rate shows R 2=0.981 for the DSS and R 2=0.963 for soil analyzes. The P rate shows R 2=0.9702 for the DSS and R 2=0.9183 for the soil analyzes. The K rate shows R 2=0.9691 for the DSS and R 2=0.9663 for the soil analyzes. Environmental results indicate that the estimated rates with the DSS do reduce the environmental impact on the tests performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Meza-Palacios
- Graduate Studies and Research Division, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Orizaba, Orizaba, Mexico
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14
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Schupp T, Damm G, Foth H, Freyberger A, Gebel T, Gundert-Remy U, Hengstler JG, Mangerich A, Partosch F, Röhl C, Wollin KM. Long-term simulation of lead concentrations in agricultural soils in relation to human adverse health effects. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2319-2329. [PMID: 32372210 PMCID: PMC7367917 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure of consumers and the environment has been reduced over the past decades. Despite all measures taken, immission of Pb onto agricultural soils still occurs, with fertilizer application, lead shot from hunting activities, and Pb from air deposition representing major sources. Little is known about the intermediate and long-term consequences of these emissions. To gain more insight, we established a mathematical model that considers input from fertilizer, ammunition, deposition from air, uptake of Pb by crops, and wash-out to simulate the resulting Pb concentrations in soil over extended periods. In a further step, human oral exposure by crop-based food was simulated and blood concentrations were derived to estimate the margin of exposure to Pb-induced toxic effects. Simulating current farming scenarios, a new equilibrium concentration of Pb in soil would be established after several centuries. Developmental neurotoxicity represents the most critical toxicological effect of Pb for humans. According to our model, a Pb concentration of ~ 5 mg/kg in agricultural soil leads to an intake of approximately 10 µg Pb per person per day by the consumption of agricultural products, the dose corresponding to the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Therefore, 5 mg Pb/kg represents a critical concentration in soil that should not be exceeded. Starting with a soil concentration of 0.1 mg/kg, the current control level for crop fields, our simulation predicts periods of ~ 50 and ~ 175 years for two Pb immission scenarios for mass of Pb per area and year [scenario 1: ~ 400 g Pb/(ha × a); scenario 2: ~ 175 g Pb/(ha × a)], until the critical concentration of ~ 5 mg/kg Pb in soil would be reached. The two scenarios, which differ in their Pb input via fertilizer, represent relatively high but not unrealistic Pb immissions. From these scenarios, we calculated that the annual deposition of Pb onto soil should remain below ~ 100 g/(ha × a) in order not to exceed the critical soil level of 5 mg/kg. We propose as efficient measures to reduce Pb input into agricultural soil to lower the Pb content of compost and to use alternatives to Pb ammunition for hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schupp
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Muenster University of Applied Science, Stegerwaldstrasse 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department für Hepatobiliäre Chirurgie und Viszerale Transplantation, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidi Foth
- Institut für Umwelttoxikologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle, Franzosenweg 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexius Freyberger
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Aprather Weg 18a, 421113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ursula Gundert-Remy
- Charité, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan G. Hengstler
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Box 628, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Falko Partosch
- Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Waldweg 37b, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Röhl
- Department of Environmental Health Protection, Schleswig-Holstein State Agency for Social Services, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Yang S, Hao D, Jin M, Li Y, Liu Z, Huang Y, Chen T, Su Y. Internal ammonium excess induces ROS-mediated reactions and causes carbon scarcity in rice. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:143. [PMID: 32264840 PMCID: PMC7140567 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse of nitrogen fertilizers is often a major practice to ensure sufficient nitrogen demand of high-yielding rice, leading to persistent NH4+ excess in the plant. However, this excessive portion of nitrogen nutrient does not correspond to further increase in grain yields. For finding out the main constraints related to this phenomenon, the performance of NH4+ excess in rice plant needs to be clearly addressed beyond the well-defined root growth adjustment. The present work isolates an acute NH4+ excess condition in rice plant from causing any measurable growth change and analyses the initial performance of such internal NH4+ excess. RESULTS We demonstrate that the acute internal NH4+ excess in rice plant accompanies readily with a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates the downstream reactions. At the headstream of carbon production, photon caption genes and the activity of primary CO2 fixation enzymes (Rubisco) are evidently suppressed, indicating a reduction in photosynthetic carbon income. Next, the vigorous induction of glutathione transferase (GST) genes and enzyme activities along with the rise of glutathione (GSH) production suggest the activation of GSH cycling for ROS cleavage. Third, as indicated by strong induction of glycolysis / glycogen breakdown related genes in shoots, carbohydrate metabolisms are redirected to enhance the production of energy and carbon skeletons for the cost of ROS scavenging. As the result of the development of these defensive reactions, a carbon scarcity would accumulatively occur and lead to a growth inhibition. Finally, a sucrose feeding cancels the ROS burst, restores the activity of Rubisco and alleviates the demand for the activation of GSH cycling. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that acute NH4+ excess accompanies with a spontaneous ROS burst and causes carbon scarcity in rice plant. Therefore, under overuse of N fertilizers carbon scarcity is probably a major constraint in rice plant that limits the performance of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dongli Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Man Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zengtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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16
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Luan H, Gao W, Huang S, Tang J, Li M, Zhang H, Chen X, Masiliūnas D. Substitution of manure for chemical fertilizer affects soil microbial community diversity, structure and function in greenhouse vegetable production systems. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0214041. [PMID: 32084129 PMCID: PMC7034837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities together affect various ecosystem functions of soils. Fertilization, an important agricultural management practice, is known to modify soil microbial characteristics; however, inconsistent results have been reported. The aim of this research was to make a comparative study of the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and types (organic and inorganic) on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial attributes in a greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) system of Tianjin, China. Results showed that manure substitution of chemical fertilizer, especially at a higher substitution rate, improved soil physicochemical properties (higher soil organic C (SOC) and nutrient (available N and P) contents; lower bulk densities), promoted microbial growth (higher total phospholipid fatty acids and microbial biomass C contents) and activity (higher soil hydrolase activities). Manure application induced a higher fungi/bacteria ratio due to a lower response in bacterial than fungal growth. Also, manure application greatly increased bacterial stress indices, as well as microbial communities and functional diversity. The principal component analysis showed that the impact of manure on microbial communities and enzyme activities were more significant than those of chemical fertilizer. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated that SOC and total N strongly influenced the microbial composition, while SOC and ammonium-N strongly influenced the microbial activity. In conclusion, manure substitution of inorganic fertilizer, especially at a higher substitution rate, was more efficient for improving soil quality and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoan Luan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (WG); (SH)
| | - Wei Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (WG); (SH)
| | - Shaowen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HL); (WG); (SH)
| | - Jiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dainius Masiliūnas
- Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Weiss
- Creekside Center for Earth Observation, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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18
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Monsees H, Suhl J, Paul M, Kloas W, Dannehl D, Würtz S. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa, variety Salanova) production in decoupled aquaponic systems: Same yield and similar quality as in conventional hydroponic systems but drastically reduced greenhouse gas emissions by saving inorganic fertilizer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218368. [PMID: 31220125 PMCID: PMC6586398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoupled aquaponic systems have the potential to become one of the most effective sustainable production systems for the combined production of animal protein and plant crops. Here, recirculating aquaculture systems for fish production are combined with hydroponics for soilless plant production thereby recycling dissolved nutrients derived from metabolism of the fish. The aim of the present study was to characterize hydroponic lettuce production using conventional nutrient solution in comparison with decoupled aquaponics using the nutrient rich fish water as basis for the nutrient solution being supplemented by missing nutrients. In addition, one aquaponic treatment became disinfected in order to assess any occurring advantage of the aquaponics derived fish water. For evaluation the temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and the mineral composition of the nutrient solution, as well as colony forming units in the fish water were monitored. Additionally, plant growth (fresh and dry weight, number and area of leaves) and quality parameters of lettuce leaves (nitrate, mineral content, phenolic compounds) were examined. Carbon sources and microorganisms derived from fish water seem to have neither beneficial nor detrimental effects on plant growth in this study. Except for some differences in the mineral content of the lettuce leaves, all other quality parameters were not significantly different. The use of aquaponic fish water saved 62.8% mineral fertilizer and fully substituted the required water for the nutrient solution in comparison to the control. Additionally, the reduced fertilizer demand using decoupled aquaponics can contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of an annual lettuce production site per ha by 72% due to saving the energy for fertilizer production. This study clearly demonstrates the huge potential of the innovative approach of decoupled aquaponics to foster the transformation of our conventional agriculture towards sustainable production systems saving resources and minimizing emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Monsees
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Suhl
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer–Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Division Biosystems Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Paul
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Kloas
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Department of Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Dannehl
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer–Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Division Biosystems Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Würtz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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Liu X, Selonen V, Steffen K, Surakka M, Rantalainen AL, Romantschuk M, Sinkkonen A. Meat and bone meal as a novel biostimulation agent in hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2019; 225:574-578. [PMID: 30901652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with diesel oil is frequent and methods to improve remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils are urgently needed. The aim of the current study was to assess the potential of meat and bone meal (MBM) as a biostimulation agent to enhance diesel oil degradation in contaminated soils collected from southern Finland. MBM (2% w/w) increased oil degradation in soils when compared to natural attenuation. The increase was comparable to soils treated with a traditional fertilizer (urea). Soil pH increased rapidly in urea treated soil but remained at the level of natural attenuation in MBM treated soil, suggesting that in large-scale experiments MBM treated soils avoid the usual negative impact of urea on soil pH and ultimately microbial degradation. These results indicate that MBM addition enhances diesel oil degradation, and that MBM speeds up ex situ bioremediation of oil contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Ville Selonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Kari Steffen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mea Surakka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
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Pizarro MD, Céccoli G, Muñoz FF, Frizzo LS, Daurelio LD, Bouzo CA. Use of raw and composted poultry litter in lettuce produced under field conditions: microbiological quality and safety assessment. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2608-2614. [PMID: 30668789 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) constitutes one the most important vegetable crops worldwide. Poultry litter is being applied as an economically suitable alternative to nitrogen fertilizers in lettuce cultivation. However, little is known about the effects of this practice over this fresh product safety that is usually consumed as a salad. The aim of this work was to determine the microbiological quality and the nitrate content in lettuce produced, under field conditions, using either raw or composted poultry litter, coming from the same original batch. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina) to assess the effects of recently extracted poultry litter that consisted of broiler chicken manure plus rice husk, or composted for 12 mo. The application amounts were: 20 T ha-1 (T1); 40 T ha-1 (T2); and no application of manure (T). Increasing the applied quantities had also increased the health risk associated with lettuce consumption, due to higher nitrate levels and microbial contamination. However, these risks were reduced by composting the material. Even when lettuce contamination with faecal bacteria was mainly due to the use of poultry litter, the number and incidence of pathogens were reduced when properly composted manure was applied instead of raw one. Increasing the dose of poultry litter applied also increases the health risk in lettuce. Though, when the material is properly composted, its fertilizing capacity is maintained, giving proper yields with lower nitrate levels and microbial contamination by enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pizarro
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - G Céccoli
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - F F Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-LITORAL), UNL/CONICET
- Department of Public Health, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), UNL
| | - L D Daurelio
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C A Bouzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
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Yi Y, Li F, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Zhu M, Guo W, Zhu X, Li C. Is there a nitrogen fertilizer threshold emitting less N2O with the prerequisite of high wheat production? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202343. [PMID: 30153270 PMCID: PMC6112623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are threatening the wheat production in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Excess input of N fertilizers also results in severe environmental pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. However, the study on reasonable nitrogen application and NUE improvement with the prerequisite of stable and high yield remains unexplored. In our study, the four different levels of nitrogen were applied to find out the nitrogen threshold which could be both friendly to environment and promise the stable and high yield. The experiment was carried out in Yangzhou University (Yangzhou, China). The wheat cultivar Yangmai 23 was selected as the research material. The four nitrogen levels were as follows: 0, 189, 229.5, and 270 kg ha-1. The results showed that the grain yield under the application of 229.5 kg ha-1 N was as high as that under 270 kg ha-1 N level, with the observation of 20.3% increase in agronomic efficiency. The N2O emission of 229.5 kg ha-1 N application was as low as that of 189 kg ha-1 N, but the grain yield and agronomic efficiency were significantly higher (11.9%) under 229.5 kg ha-1 treatment than the lower one. Taken together, this indicated the nitrogen level at 229.5 kg ha-1 could be identified as the fertilizer threshold, which will be beneficial for the future fieldwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yi
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fujian Li
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Zhenjiang Agro-Technical Extension Station No. 97, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WG); (XZ)
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WG); (XZ)
| | - Chunyan Li
- Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ismael MA, Elyamine AM, Zhao YY, Moussa MG, Rana MS, Afzal J, Imran M, Zhao XH, Hu CX. Can Selenium and Molybdenum Restrain Cadmium Toxicity to Pollen Grains in Brassica napus? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2163. [PMID: 30042365 PMCID: PMC6121452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic, even at very low concentrations, to both animals and plants. Pollen is extremely sensitive to heavy metal pollutants; however, less attention has been paid to the protection of this vital part under heavy metal stress. A pot experiment was designed to investigate the effect of foliar application of Se (1 mg/L) and Mo (0.3 mg/L) either alone or in combination on their absorption, translocation, and their impact on Cd uptake and its further distribution in Brassica napus, as well as the impact of these fertilizers on the pollen grains morphology, viability, and germination rate in B. napus under Cd stress. Foliar application of either Se or Mo could counteract Cd toxicity and increase the plant biomass, while combined application of Se and Mo solutions on B. napus has no significant promotional effect on plant root and stem, but reduces the seeds' weight by 10⁻11%. Se and Mo have decreased the accumulated Cd in seeds by 6.8% and 9.7%, respectively. Microscopic studies, SEM, and pollen viability tests demonstrated that pollen grains could be negatively affected by Cd, thus disturbing the plant fertility. Se and Mo foliar application could reduce the toxic symptoms in pollen grains when the one or the other was sprayed alone on plants. In an in vitro pollen germination test, 500 μM Cd stress could strongly inhibit the pollen germination rate to less than 2.5%, however, when Se (10 μM) or Mo (1.0 μM) was added to the germination medium, the rate increased, reaching 66.2% and 39.4%, respectively. At the molecular level, Se and Mo could greatly affect the expression levels of some genes related to Cd uptake by roots (IRT1), Cd transport (HMA2 and HMA4), Cd sequestration in plant vacuoles (HMA3), and the final Cd distribution in plant tissue at the physiological level (PCS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ismael
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Ali Mohamed Elyamine
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mohamed G Moussa
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Soil and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abou Zaabl 13759, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Rana
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Javaria Afzal
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Hu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Feng J, Li F, Zhou X, Xu C, Ji L, Chen Z, Fang F. Impact of agronomy practices on the effects of reduced tillage systems on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields: A global meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196703. [PMID: 29782525 PMCID: PMC5962074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of no- and reduced tillage (NT/RT) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was highly variable and may depend on other agronomy practices. However, how the other practices affect the effect of NT/RT on GHG emission remains elusive. Therefore, we conducted a global meta-analysis (including 49 papers with 196 comparisons) to assess the effect of five options (i.e. cropping system, crop residue management, split application of N fertilizer, irrigation, and tillage duration) on the effect of NT/RT on CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural fields. The results showed that NT/RT significantly mitigated the overall global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions by 6.6% as compared with conventional tillage (CT). Rotation cropping systems and crop straw remove facilitated no-tillage (NT) to reduce the CH4, N2O, or overall GWP both in upland and paddy field. NT significantly mitigated the overall GWP when the percentage of basal N fertilizer (PBN) >50%, when tillage duration > 10 years or rainfed in upland, while when PBN <50%, when duration between 5 and 10 years, or with continuous flooding in paddy field. RT significantly reduced the overall GWP under single crop monoculture system in upland. These results suggested that assessing the effectiveness of NT/RT on the mitigation of GHG emission should consider the interaction of NT/RT with other agronomy practices and land use type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Feng
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengbo Li
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Zhou
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Xu
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Ji
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdu Chen
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Fang
- China National Rice Research Institution, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Duan W, Wang Q, Zhang H, Xie B, Li A, Hou F, Dong S, Wang B, Qin Z, Zhang L. Differences between nitrogen-tolerant and nitrogen-susceptible sweetpotato cultivars in photosynthate distribution and transport under different nitrogen conditions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194570. [PMID: 29596436 PMCID: PMC5875776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the differences in photosynthate distribution and transport between nitrogen(N)-tolerant and N-susceptible sweetpotato cultivars under different N conditions, three N levels, including 0 (N0), 120 (N120), and 240 kg ha-1 (N240), were used in field experiments with the Jishu26 (J26) and Xushu32 (X32) cultivars in 2015 and 2016. The results from both years revealed that high N application reduced the tuberous root yield, the tuber/vine rate of carbon-13 (13C), and top-to-base (three equal segments of stem divided from the fifth opened leaf of the shoot tip to the main stem, defined as the top, middle, and base parts, respectively) gradients such as sucrose, ammonia N and potassium along the stem. 'J26' showed a higher yield than 'X32' under N0 but lower yield than 'X32' under N120 and N240. It also exhibited a higher 13C distribution to tuberous roots compared with that of 'X32' under N0, and the opposite trend was observed under N120 and N240. Under N0, 'J26' showed a steep top-to-base amino acid gradient and a significantly lower top-to-base sucrose increase along the stem in the late growth stage. Under N120 and N240, 'X32' exhibited a greater top-to-base decrease in the ammonia N along the stem during the main growth stages, a steep top-to-base sucrose gradient along the stem in the early growth stage, and a lower top-to-base sucrose increase along the stem in the middle and late growth stages. The formation of a reasonable photosynthate distribution structure attributed to high yield was related to a desirable sucrose, ammonia N or K+ gradient downward along the stem. These results might help provide farmers with sweetpotato cultivars using less or no N fertilizer in soils of different fertility and enhance the knowledge of yield-related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Duan
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Beitao Xie
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Aixian Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuyun Hou
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shunxu Dong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoqing Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Olum S, Gellynck X, Okello C, Webale D, Odongo W, Ongeng D, De Steur H. Stakeholders' Perceptions of Agronomic Iodine Biofortification: A SWOT-AHP Analysis in Northern Uganda. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040407. [PMID: 29587370 PMCID: PMC5946192 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Agronomic biofortification (i.e., the application of fertilizer to elevate micronutrient concentrations in staple crops) is a recent strategy recommended for controlling Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs). However, its success inevitably depends on stakeholders’ appreciation and acceptance of it. By taking Northern Uganda as a case, this study aimed to capture and compare the perceptions of seven key stakeholder groups with respect to agronomic iodine biofortification. Therefore, we employed a SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats) analysis in combination with an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings show that stakeholders (n = 56) are generally positive about agronomic iodine biofortification in Uganda, as its strengths and opportunities outweighed weaknesses and threats. Cultural acceptance and effectiveness are considered the most important strengths while the high IDD prevalence rate and the availability of iodine deficient soils are key opportunities for further developing agronomic iodine biofortification. Environmental concerns about synthetic fertilizers as well as the time needed to supply iodine were considered crucial weaknesses. The limited use of fertilizer in Uganda was the main threat. While this study provides insight into important issues and priorities for iodine biofortification technology in Uganda, including differences in stakeholder views, the application of the SWOT-AHP method will guide future researchers and health planners conducting stakeholder analysis in similar domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Olum
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Xavier Gellynck
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Collins Okello
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Dominic Webale
- Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
- School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda.
| | - Walter Odongo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Rural Development and Agribusiness, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Duncan Ongeng
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Hans De Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Kopsell DA, Sams CE, Morrow RC. Interaction of light quality and fertility on biomass, shoot pigmentation and xanthophyll cycle flux in Chinese kale. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:911-917. [PMID: 27220007 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritionally important carotenoids in 21-day-old brassica microgreens increase following short and long-term exposure to narrow-band wavelengths from light-emitting diodes (LED). The present study aimed to measure the impact of: (1) fluorescent/incandescent light and different percentages of blue/red LED light and (2) different levels of nutrient fertility on biomass and pigment concentrations in 30-day-old 'Green Lance' Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Kale plants were exposed to four light treatments and two fertility levels and were harvested 30 days after seeding and analyzed for nutritionally important shoot pigments. RESULTS Kale under the fluorescent/incandescent light treatment had a significantly higher shoot fresh and dry mass. The shoot tissue concentrations of most pigment were significantly higher under blue/red LED light treatments. The higher fertility level resulted in higher concentrations for most pigments. Interestingly, the pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments and de-epoxidized xanthophylls was higher under all LED treatments. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study support previous data demonstrating the stimulation of nutritionally important shoot tissue pigment concentrations following exposure to sole source blue/red LEDs compared to traditional lighting. Xanthophyll cycle flux was impacted by LEDs and this may support the role of zeaxanthin in blue light perception in leafy specialty crops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Kopsell
- Plant Sciences Department, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Carl E Sams
- Plant Sciences Department, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Williams A, Manoharan L, Rosenstock NP, Olsson PA, Hedlund K. Long-term agricultural fertilization alters arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition and barley (Hordeum vulgare) mycorrhizal carbon and phosphorus exchange. New Phytol 2017; 213:874-885. [PMID: 27643809 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural fertilization significantly affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition. However, the functional implications of community shifts are unknown, limiting understanding of the role of AMF in agriculture. We assessed AMF community composition at four sites managed under the same nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer regimes for 55 yr. We also established a glasshouse experiment with the same soils to investigate AMF-barley (Hordeum vulgare) nutrient exchange, using carbon (13 C) and 33 P isotopic labelling. N fertilization affected AMF community composition, reducing diversity; P had no effect. In the glasshouse, AMF contribution to plant P declined with P fertilization, but was unaffected by N. Barley C allocation to AMF also declined with P fertilization. As N fertilization increased, C allocation to AMF per unit of P exchanged increased. This occurred with and without P fertilization, and was concomitant with reduced barley biomass. AMF community composition showed no relationship with glasshouse experiment results. The results indicate that plants can reduce C allocation to AMF in response to P fertilization. Under N fertilization, plants allocate an increasing amount of C to AMF and receive relatively less P. This suggests an alteration in the terms of P-C exchange under N fertilization regardless of soil P status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Williams
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | | | - Nicholas P Rosenstock
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Pål Axel Olsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
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Drozd VM, Branovan I, Shiglik N, Lushchyk ML, Platonova TY, Pashkevich VI, Kudelsky AV, Shimanskaya I, Danilova LI, Biko J, Reiners C. [Not Available]. Tsitol Genet 2016; 50:23-28. [PMID: 30484598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last 60 years dramatically increased the content of nitrates in groundwater due to intensive use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Research in post-Chernobyl period has shown that a sharp increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer depends not only on the level of thyroid dose, but also on the level of nitrates in groundwater.
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29
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de Souza EM, Bassani VL, Sperotto RA, Granada CE. Inoculation of new rhizobial isolates improve nutrient uptake and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and arugula (Eruca sativa). J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3446-3453. [PMID: 26564333 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current agricultural model, the massive use of chemical fertilizer causes environmental and economic losses. Inoculation of plant-growth-promoting (PGP) nitrogen-fixing bacteria is an alternative to the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In this study, rhizobia strains isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) root nodules were evaluated in an effort to identify an efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobia strain able to improve bean germination and growth. RESULTS Common bean plants were collected from seven sites in southern Brazil, and 210 native rhizobia isolates were obtained. Evaluation of PGP traits showed that most of the rhizobia isolates were non-siderophore producers and weak indolic compounds producers. Under laboratory conditions, rhizobia isolates E15 (Rhizobium leguminosarum) and L5 (Rhizobium radiobacter) increase germination percentage, length, and dry weight of common bean and arugula (Eruca sativa) seedlings. Under greenhouse conditions, common bean plants inoculated with the rhizobia isolates VC28 and L15 (both Rhizobium fabae) presented the highest nodule number and shoot dry matter, while VC28 also presented the highest values of shoot nitrogen and potassium. Isolate L17 presented highly effective N fixation, even with reduced nodulation. CONCLUSION These new rhizobia isolates are attractive PGP alternatives to chemical fertilizers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor L Bassani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente (PPGMAA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raul A Sperotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Camille E Granada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Gestão Organizacional (CGO), Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Madani B, Mirshekari A, Yahia E. Effect of calcium chloride treatments on calcium content, anthracnose severity and antioxidant activity in papaya fruit during ambient storage. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:2963-2968. [PMID: 26374618 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been no reports on the effects of preharvest calcium application on anthracnose disease severity, antioxidant activity and cellular changes during ambient storage of papaya, and therefore the objective of this study was to investigate these effects. RESULTS Higher calcium concentrations (1.5 and 2% w/v) increased calcium concentration in the peel and pulp tissues, maintained firmness, and reduced anthracnose incidence and severity. While leakage of calcium-treated fruit was lower for 1.5 and 2% calcium treatments compared to the control, microscopic results confirmed that pulp cell wall thickness was higher after 6 days in storage, for the 2% calcium treatment compared to the control. Calcium-treated fruit also had higher total antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds during storage. CONCLUSION Calcium chloride, especially at higher concentrations, is effective in maintaining papaya fruit quality during ambient storage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Madani
- University Putra Malaysia, Crop Science, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Mirshekari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Elhadi Yahia
- University of Queretaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturals, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
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Nur T, Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Vigneswaran S. Phosphate Adsorption from Membrane Bioreactor Effluent Using Dowex 21K XLT and Recovery as Struvite and Hydroxyapatite. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13030277. [PMID: 26950136 PMCID: PMC4808940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Discharging phosphate through wastewaters into waterways poses a danger to the natural environment due to the serious risks of eutrophication and health of aquatic organisms. However, this phosphate, if economically recovered, can partly overcome the anticipated future scarcity of phosphorus (P) resulting from exhaustion of natural phosphate rock reserves. An experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of removing phosphate from a membrane bioreactor effluent (pH 7.0-7.5, 20, 35 mg phosphate/L) produced in a water reclamation plant by adsorption onto Dowex 21K XLT ion exchange resin and recover the phosphate as fertilisers. The data satisfactorily fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 38.6 mg · P/g. The adsorbed phosphate was quantitatively desorbed by leaching the column with 0.1 M NaCl solution. The desorbed phosphate was recovered as struvite when ammonium and magnesium were added at the molar ratio of phosphate, ammonium and magnesium of 1:1:1 at pH 9.5. Phosphate was also recovered from the desorbed solution as hydroxyapatite precipitate by adding calcium hydroxide to the solution at a phosphate to calcium molar ratio of 1:2 at pH 7.0. The P contents of struvite and hydroxyapatite produced were close to those of the respective commercial phosphate fertilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Nur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia.
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Chmura GL, Kellman L, van Ardenne L, Guntenspergen GR. Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Salt Marshes Exposed to Chronic Nutrient Enrichment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149937. [PMID: 26914333 PMCID: PMC4767435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the impact of nutrient additions on greenhouse gas fluxes using dark static chambers in a microtidal and a macrotidal marsh along the coast of New Brunswick, Canada approximately monthly over a year. Both were experimentally fertilized for six years with varying levels of N and P. For unfertilized, N and NPK treatments, average yearly CO2 emissions (which represent only respiration) at the microtidal marsh (13, 19, and 28 mmoles CO2 m-2 hr-1, respectively) were higher than at the macrotidal marsh (12, 15, and 19 mmoles m-2 hr-1, respectively, with a flux under the additional high N/low P treatment of 21 mmoles m-2 hr-1). Response of CH4 to fertilization was more variable. At the macrotidal marsh average yearly fluxes were 1.29, 1.26, and 0.77 μmol CH4 m-2 hr-1 with control, N, and NPK treatments, respectively and 1.21 μmol m-2 hr-1 under high N/low P treatment. At the microtidal marsh CH4 fluxes were 0.23, 0.16, and -0.24 μmol CH4 m-2 hr-1 in control, N, and NPK and treatments, respectively. Fertilization changed soils from sinks to sources of N2O. Average yearly N2O fluxes at the macrotidal marsh were -0.07, 0.08, and 1.70, μmol N2O m-2 hr-1 in control, N, NPK and treatments, respectively and 0.35 μmol m-2 hr-1 under high N/low P treatment. For the control, N, and NPK treatments at the microtidal marsh N2O fluxes were -0.05, 0.30, and 0.52 μmol N2O m-2 hr-1, respectively. Our results indicate that N2O fluxes are likely to vary with the source of pollutant nutrients but emissions will be lower if N is not accompanied by an adequate supply of P (e.g., atmospheric deposition vs sewage or agricultural runoff). With chronic fertilization the global warming potential of the increased N2O emissions may be enough to offset the global cooling potential of the C sequestered by salt marshes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail L. Chmura
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Kellman
- Environmental Sciences Research Centre, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lee van Ardenne
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Glenn R. Guntenspergen
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
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Corrêa Martins MN, de Souza VV, Souza TDS. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of sewage sludge on higher plants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 124:489-496. [PMID: 26643763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sewage treatment yields sludge, which is often used as a soil amendment in agriculture and crop production. Although the sludge contains elevated concentrations of macro and micronutrients, high levels of inorganic and organic compounds with genotoxic and mutagenic properties are present in sludge. Application of sludge in agriculture is a pathway for direct contact of crops to toxic chemicals. The objective of this study was to compile information related to the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of sewage sludge in different plant species. In addition, data are presented on toxicological effects in animals fed with plants grown in soils supplemented with sewage sludge. Despite the benefits of using sewage sludge as organic fertilizer, the data showcased in this review suggest that this residue can induce genetic damage in plants. This review alerts potential risks to health outcomes after the intake of food cultivated in sewage sludge-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nilza Corrêa Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Victor Ventura de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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Zaman M, Kurepin LV, Catto W, Pharis RP. Evaluating the use of plant hormones and biostimulators in forage pastures to enhance shoot dry biomass production by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:715-726. [PMID: 25919035 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fertilisation of established perennial ryegrass forage pastures with nitrogen (N)-based fertilisers is currently the most common practice used on farms to increase pasture forage biomass yield. However, over-fertilisation can lead to undesired environmental impacts, including nitrate leaching into waterways and increased gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Additionally, there is growing interest from pastoral farmers to adopt methods for increasing pasture dry matter yield which use 'natural', environmentally safe plant growth stimulators, together with N-based fertilisers. Such plant growth stimulators include plant hormones and plant growth promotive microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi ('biostimulators', which may produce plant growth-inducing hormones), as well as extracts of seaweed (marine algae). This review presents examples and discusses current uses of plant hormones and biostimulators, applied alone or together with N-based fertilisers, to enhance shoot dry matter yield of forage pasture species, with an emphasis on perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaman
- Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Warwick Catto
- Ballance Agri-Nutrients Limited New Zealand, Private Bag 12503, Tauranga Mail Centre, Tauranga, 3143 New Zealand
| | - Richard P Pharis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1 N4
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Basso B, Giola P, Dumont B, Migliorati MDA, Cammarano D, Pruneddu G, Giunta F. Tradeoffs between Maize Silage Yield and Nitrate Leaching in a Mediterranean Nitrate-Vulnerable Zone under Current and Projected Climate Scenarios. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146360. [PMID: 26784113 PMCID: PMC4718620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Future climatic changes may have profound impacts on cropping systems and affect the agronomic and environmental sustainability of current N management practices. The objectives of this work were to i) evaluate the ability of the SALUS crop model to reproduce experimental crop yield and soil nitrate dynamics results under different N fertilizer treatments in a farmer’s field, ii) use the SALUS model to estimate the impacts of different N fertilizer treatments on NO3- leaching under future climate scenarios generated by twenty nine different global circulation models, and iii) identify the management system that best minimizes NO3- leaching and maximizes yield under projected future climate conditions. A field experiment (maize-triticale rotation) was conducted in a nitrate vulnerable zone on the west coast of Sardinia, Italy to evaluate N management strategies that include urea fertilization (NMIN), conventional fertilization with dairy slurry and urea (CONV), and no fertilization (N0). An ensemble of 29 global circulation models (GCM) was used to simulate different climate scenarios for two Representative Circulation Pathways (RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) and evaluate potential nitrate leaching and biomass production in this region over the next 50 years. Data collected from two growing seasons showed that the SALUS model adequately simulated both nitrate leaching and crop yield, with a relative error that ranged between 0.4% and 13%. Nitrate losses under RCP8.5 were lower than under RCP6.0 only for NMIN. Accordingly, levels of plant N uptake, N use efficiency and biomass production were higher under RCP8.5 than RCP6.0. Simulations under both RCP scenarios indicated that the NMIN treatment demonstrated both the highest biomass production and NO3- losses. The newly proposed best management practice (BMP), developed from crop N uptake data, was identified as the optimal N fertilizer management practice since it minimized NO3- leaching and maximized biomass production over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Basso
- Department of Geological Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Pietro Giola
- Sezione di Scienze Agronomiche, Coltivazioni Erbacee e Genetica (SACEG), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Benjamin Dumont
- Department of Geological Sciences and W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Davide Cammarano
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Pruneddu
- Sezione di Scienze Agronomiche, Coltivazioni Erbacee e Genetica (SACEG), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giunta
- Sezione di Scienze Agronomiche, Coltivazioni Erbacee e Genetica (SACEG), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Malysheva AG, Rakhmanin YA, Rastyannikov EG, Kozlova NY, Artyushina IY, Shokhin VA. [Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric studies of volatile emissions from plants for the assessment of the effectiveness and chemical safety of the implementation of environment improving phytotechnologies]. Gig Sanit 2016; 95:501-507. [PMID: 29424213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chromato-mass-spectrometric studies of volatile emissions of fresh-cut roses have revealed the persistence of wide range of organic compounds. The most large content was consist of terpene hydrocarbons. The contribution of oxygen-containing components (alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones) varied in wide ranges in dependence on the content of the feeding solution. The significant part of plants ’ volatiles has no hygienic norm. Among the substances released into the air space ofpremises with volatile emissions ofplants, a significant part has not hygienic standards. Purposeful change in composition of the mixture of volatile organic compounds released by the plants, in the combination with chemical-analytical control of the content of these substances by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in terms of ecological and hygienic aspects may be useful in the development, use and determination of the optimal conditions of the implementation of environment improving phytotechnologies and evaluation of the efficacy and safety of their impact on public health.
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Morin S, Bonet B, Corcoll N, Guasch H, Bottin M, Coste M. Cumulative Stressors Trigger Increased Vulnerability of Diatom Communities to Additional Disturbances. Microb Ecol 2015; 70:585-595. [PMID: 25896427 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic, non-lethal stressors occurring gradually (in space or time) can result in cumulative impacts that are more dramatic than higher intensities or occasional critical levels of any single one of these stressors. The negative effects of the chronic stressors trigger lasting impacts that may grow in intensity and become problematic over time and/or to higher trophic levels. In rivers, aquatic organisms experience this type of cumulative stress along the up- to downstream gradient in natural and anthropogenic contaminants generally observed in inhabited watersheds. Diatoms are a major component of the periphyton in rivers; their richness and diversity in natural communities are directly related to their varied ecological preferences and sensitivity to disturbance. In this study, we monitored from 2003 to 2008 the changes in the diversity of taxonomic and non-taxonomic features along a small river (Riou-Mort, South West France), at three sites: one site upstream considered as a reference for this watershed, one intermediate site with high nutrient load, and one downstream site exposed to both nutrient and metal pollution. The cumulative impacts of nutrients plus metals led to a gradual decrease in species richness and diversity, and in a potential capacity to cope with additional stresses, e.g., climate change-related ones. This is reflected by a decrease in species richness downstream, more dramatic in the hot summer of 2003 than in cooler summers. With the increasingly protective environmental regulations (e.g., Water Framework Directive in Europe), accumulation of stresses on aquatic resources are recommended to receive increasing attention, in particular considering the expected changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Morin
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas CEDEX, France.
| | - Berta Bonet
- Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Corcoll
- Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Guasch
- Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Marius Bottin
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas CEDEX, France
| | - Michel Coste
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas CEDEX, France
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Affan A, Khomavis HS, Al-Harbi SM, Haque M, Khan S. Effect of Environmental Factors on Cyanobacterial Abundance and Cyanotoxins Production in Natural and Drinking Water, Bangladesh. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 18:50-8. [PMID: 26364354 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2015.50.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms commonly appear during the summer months in ponds, lakes and reservoirs in Bangladesh. In these areas, fish mortality, odorous water and fish and human skin irritation and eye inflammation have been reported. The influence of physicochemical factors on the occurrence of cyanobacteria and its toxin levels were evaluated in natural and drinking water in Bangladesh. A highly sensitive immunosorbent assay was used to detect microcystins (MCs). Cyanobacteria were found in 22 of 23 samples and the dominant species were Microcystis aeruginosa, followed by Microcystisflosaquae, Anabeana crassa and Aphanizomenon flosaquae. Cyanobacterial abundance varied from 39 to 1315 x 10(3) cells mL(-1) in natural water and 31 to 49 x 10(3) cells mL(-1) in tap water. MC concentrations were 25-82300 pg mL(-1) with the highest value measured in the fish research pond, followed by Ishakha Lake. In tap water, MC concentrations ranged from 30-32 pg mL(-1). The correlation between nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration and cyanobacterial cell abundance was R2 = 0.62 while that between cyanobacterial abundance and MC concentration was R2 = 0.98. The increased NO3-N from fish feed, organic manure, poultry and dairy farm waste and fertilizer from agricultural land eutrophicated the water bodies and triggered cyanobacterial bloom formation. The increased amount of cyanobacteria produced MCs, subsequently reducing the water quality.
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Wang R, Guo S, Li N, Li R, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wu D, Sun Q, Du L, Zhao M. Phosphorus Accumulation and Sorption in Calcareous Soil under Long-Term Fertilization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135160. [PMID: 26288011 PMCID: PMC4545939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizers to P-deficient soils can also result in P accumulation. In this study, soil P status and P uptake by apple trees were investigated in 5-, 10-, and 15-year-old orchards in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China, and subset soils with different soil P statuses (14–90 Olsen-P mg kg−1) were selected to evaluate the characteristic P adsorption. Due to the low P-use efficiency (4–6%), total soil P increased from 540 mg kg−1 to 904 mg kg−1, Olsen-P ranged from 3.4 mg kg−1 to 30.7 mg kg−1, and CaCl2-P increased from less than 0.1 mg kg−1 to 0.66 mg kg−1 under continuous P fertilization. The P sorption isotherms for each apple orchard were found to fit the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.91–0.98). K (binding energy) and Qm (P sorption maximum) decreased, whereas DPS (degree of phosphorus sorption) increased with increasing P concentration. CaCl2-P increased significantly with the increase of Olsen-P, especially above the change point of 46.1 mg kg−1. Application of surplus P could result in P enrichment in P-deficient soil which has high P fixation capacity, thus posing a significant environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengli Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Nana Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rujian Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jishao Jiang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Defeng Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanlan Du
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Träber SC, Li WB, Höllriegl V, Nebelung K, Michalke B, Rühm W, Oeh U. Calculation of internal dose from ingested soil-derived uranium in humans: Application of a new method. Radiat Environ Biophys 2015; 54:265-272. [PMID: 25980738 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the internal dose in humans after the ingestion of soil highly contaminated with uranium. Therefore, an in vitro solubility assay was performed to estimate the bioaccessibility of uranium for two types of soil. Based on the results, the corresponding bioavailabilities were assessed by using a recently published method. Finally, these bioavailability data were used together with the biokinetic model of uranium to assess the internal doses for a hypothetical but realistic scenario characterized by a daily ingestion of 10 mg of soil over 1 year. The investigated soil samples were from two former uranium mining sites of Germany with (238)U concentrations of about 460 and 550 mg/kg. For these soils, the bioavailabilities of (238)U were quantified as 0.18 and 0.28 % (geometric mean) with 2.5th percentiles of 0.02 and 0.03 % and 97.5th percentiles of 1.48 and 2.34 %, respectively. The corresponding calculated annual committed effective doses for the assumed scenario were 0.4 and 0.6 µSv (GM) with 2.5th percentiles of 0.2 and 0.3 µSv and 97.5th percentiles of 1.6 and 3.0 µSv, respectively. These annual committed effective doses are similar to those from natural uranium intake by food and drinking water, which is estimated to be 0.5 µSv. Based on the present experimental data and the selected ingestion scenario, the investigated soils-although highly contaminated with uranium-are not expected to pose any major health risk to humans related to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Träber
- Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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Verzilina IN, Chumosov MI, Evdokimov VI. [STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE NEONATAL MORBIDITY RATE IN INFANTS WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS (CM) IN THE BELGOROD REGION]. Gig Sanit 2015; 94:70-73. [PMID: 26302565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Results of the performed study showed that the use of mineral fertilizers for crops increases the risk of morbidity in neonates with congenital malformations (CM). P-elevated levels of relative environmental risk is established for: anomalies of the musculoskeletal system, multiple congenital malformations, the CM as a whole. Maximum environmental risk in the conditions of high load offertilizers on farmland is established for congenital abnormalities of the development of reproductive system in newborn infants (RR = 2,76).
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Ceulemans T, Stevens CJ, Duchateau L, Jacquemyn H, Gowing DJG, Merckx R, Wallace H, van Rooijen N, Goethem T, Bobbink R, Dorland E, Gaudnik C, Alard D, Corcket E, Muller S, Dise NB, Dupré C, Diekmann M, Honnay O. Soil phosphorus constrains biodiversity across European grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:3814-3822. [PMID: 24895112 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient pollution presents a serious threat to biodiversity conservation. In terrestrial ecosystems, the deleterious effects of nitrogen pollution are increasingly understood and several mitigating environmental policies have been developed. Compared to nitrogen, the effects of increased phosphorus have received far less attention, although some studies have indicated that phosphorus pollution may be detrimental for biodiversity as well. On the basis of a dataset covering 501 grassland plots throughout Europe, we demonstrate that, independent of the level of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil acidity, plant species richness was consistently negatively related to soil phosphorus. We also identified thresholds in soil phosphorus above which biodiversity appears to remain at a constant low level. Our results indicate that nutrient management policies biased toward reducing nitrogen pollution will fail to preserve biodiversity. As soil phosphorus is known to be extremely persistent and we found no evidence for a critical threshold below which no environmental harm is expected, we suggest that agro-environmental schemes should include grasslands that are permanently free from phosphorus fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ceulemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
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El Samad O, Aoun M, Nsouli B, Khalaf G, Hamze M. Investigation of the radiological impact on the coastal environment surrounding a fertilizer plant. J Environ Radioact 2014; 133:69-74. [PMID: 23768871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was carried out in order to assess the marine environmental radioactive pollution and the radiological impact caused by a large production plant of phosphate fertilizer, located in the Lebanese coastal zone. Natural radionuclides ((238)U, (235)U, (232)Th, (226)Ra, (210)Po, (210)Pb, (40)K) and anthropogenic (137)Cs were measured by alpha and gamma spectrometry in seawater, sediment, biota and coastal soil samples collected from the area impacted by this industry. The limited environmental monitoring program within 2 km of the plant indicates localized contamination with radionuclides of the uranium decay chain mainly due to the transport, the storage of raw materials and the free release of phosphogypsum waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- O El Samad
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - M Aoun
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - B Nsouli
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Khalaf
- Marine Research Centre, National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanon
| | - M Hamze
- National Council for Scientific Research - CNRS, Lebanon
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Lin XY, Liu XX, Zhang YP, Zhou YQ, Hu Y, Chen QH, Zhang YS, Jin CW. Short-term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest affects quality in hydroponic-cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1020-1025. [PMID: 24038064 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality-associated problems, such as excessive in planta accumulation of oxalate, often arise in soillessly cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Maintaining a higher level of ammonium (NH₄⁺) compared to nitrate (NO₃⁻) during the growth period can effectively decrease the oxalate content in hydroponically cultivated vegetables. However, long-term exposure to high concentrations of NH₄⁺ induces toxicity in plants, and thus decreases the biomass production. Short-term application of NH₄⁺ before harvesting in soilless cultivation may provide an alternative strategy to decrease oxalate accumulation in spinach, and minimise the yield reduction caused by NH₄⁺ toxicity. RESULT The plants were pre-cultured in 8 mmol L⁻¹ NO₃⁻ nutrient solution. Next, 6 days before harvest, the plants were transferred to a nutrient solution containing 4 mmol L⁻¹ NO₃⁻ and 4 mmol L⁻¹ NH₄⁺. This new mix clearly reduced oxalate accumulation, increased levels of several antioxidant compounds, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the edible parts of spinach plants, but it did not affect biomass production. However, when the 8 mmol L⁻¹ NO₃⁻ was shifted to either nitrogen-free, 4 mmol L⁻¹ NH₄⁺ or 8 mmol L⁻¹ NH₄⁺ treatments, although some of the quality indexes were improved, yields were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Short-term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest significantly affects quality and biomass of spinach plants, and we strongly recommend to simultaneously use NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in hydroponic cultivation, which improves vegetable quality without decreasing biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yong Lin
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Righi S, Lucialli P, Pollini E. Radiation exposure related to the shipment of fertilisers to and from commercial ports: the case study of the seaport of Ravenna (Italy). J Radiol Prot 2014; 34:63-76. [PMID: 24270326 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/34/1/63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of radiological impacts related to the shipment of fertilisers to and from the commercial port of Ravenna (NE Italy). In particular, the effective doses to the port workers and members of the population surrounding the port area have been estimated. The study has included different types of measurement and assessment. First, the natural radioactivity of different fertilisers moving through the port has been determined: (40)K, (226)Ra, (210)Pb, (228)Ra and (228)Th concentrations have been analysed using γ-ray spectrometry, while (238)U and (232)Th concentrations have been determined by ICP-MS. At the same time, a dose rate meter and electret ion chambers were used to measure the external irradiation and the radon concentrations, respectively. Then, air pollutant dispersion models have been applied in order to assess particulate matter concentration in the port site and the surrounding residential areas, and consequently the inhalation doses. Finally, the annual effective doses to workers and local residents have been estimated. The effective doses to workers and the population have been estimated to be 0.9 mSv yr(-1) and 0.07 μSv yr(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Righi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali and Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Bologna, via dell'Agricoltura 5, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
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Zhao J, Ni T, Li Y, Xiong W, Ran W, Shen B, Shen Q, Zhang R. Responses of bacterial communities in arable soils in a rice-wheat cropping system to different fertilizer regimes and sampling times. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85301. [PMID: 24465530 PMCID: PMC3896389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial biomass and bacterial community structures in a rice-wheat cropping system subjected to different fertilizer regimes were investigated in two seasons (June and October). All fertilizer regimes increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Both fertilizer regime and time had a significant effect on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure. The combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure organic-inorganic fertilizer significantly enhanced the bacterial diversity in both seasons. The bacterial communities across all samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi at the phylum level. Permutational multivariate analysis confirmed that both fertilizer treatment and season were significant factors in the variation of the composition of the bacterial community. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances further revealed that bacterial communities were separated primarily by season. The effect of fertilizer treatment is significant (P = 0.005) and accounts for 7.43% of the total variation in bacterial community. Soil nutrients (e.g., available K, total N, total P and organic matter) rather than pH showed significant correlation with the majority of abundant taxa. In conclusion, both fertilizer treatment and seasonal changes affect soil properties, microbial biomass and bacterial community structure. The application of NPK plus manure organic-inorganic fertilizer may be a sound fertilizer practice for sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Technical Guidance Station of Jintan City, Jintan Agricultural and Forestry Bureau, Jintan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ran
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Grotto D, Carneiro MFH, Sauer E, Garcia SC, de Melo WJ, Barbosa F. Evaluation of biochemical and redox parameters in rats fed with corn grown in soil amended with urban sewage sludge. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013; 95:188-194. [PMID: 23810366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increased production of urban sewage sludge requires alternative methods for final disposal. A very promising choice is the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer in agriculture, since it is rich in organic matter, macro and micronutrients. However, urban sewage sludge may contain toxic substances that may cause deleterious effects on the biota, water and soil, and consequently on humans. There is a lack of studies evaluating how safe the consumption of food cultivated in soils containing urban sewage sludge is. Thus, the aim of this paper was to evaluate biochemical and redox parameters in rats fed with corn produced in a soil treated with urban sewage sludge for a long term. For these experiments, maize plants were grown in soil amended with sewage sludge (rates of 5, 10 and 20 t/ha) or not (control). Four different diets were prepared with the corn grains produced in the field experiment, and rats were fed with these diets for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) as well the redox state biomarkers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, glutathione peroxidase and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were assessed. Our results show no differences in the biomarkers over 1 or 2 weeks. However, at 4 weeks BuChE activity was inhibited in rats fed with corn grown in soil amended with sewage sludge (5, 10 and 20 t/ha), while MDA levels increased. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to corn cultivated in the highest amount per hectare of sewage sludge (8 and 12 weeks) was associated with an increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH levels, respectively. Our findings add new evidence of the risks of consuming food grown with urban sewage sludge. However, considering that the amount and type of toxic substances present in urban sewage sludge varies considerably among different sampling areas, further studies are needed to evaluate sludge samples collected from different sources and/or undergoing different types of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Grotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bellingham M, Amezaga MR, Mandon-Pepin B, Speers CJ, Kyle CE, Evans NP, Sharpe RM, Cotinot C, Rhind SM, Fowler PA. Exposure to chemical cocktails before or after conception--- the effect of timing on ovarian development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 376:156-72. [PMID: 23791816 PMCID: PMC3731555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of female fetuses to environmental chemicals (ECs) during pregnancy results in a disturbed ovarian adult phenotype. We investigated the influence of pre- and/or post-conception exposure to low-level mixtures of ECs on the structure and function of the fetal ovine ovary. We examined ovarian morphology, expression of oocyte and granulosa cell-specific genes and proteome. Female fetuses were collected at day 110 of gestation, from dams exposed continuously until, and after mating, by grazing in pastures treated with sewage sludge as a fertiliser (TT) or in control fields treated with inorganic fertiliser (CC). In addition, in a cross-over design, fetal ovaries were collected from dams maintained on sludge pastures up to the time of mating but then transferred to control pastures (TC) and, reciprocally, those transferred from control to treated pastures at mating (CT). On examination, the proportion of type 1a follicles (activating primordial follicles) was significantly lower in animals from the CT groups compared with CC and TT groups (P<0.05). Of the 23 ovarian gene transcripts studied, 14 were altered in the ovaries of exposed fetuses (CT, TC, and TT) relative to controls, with the largest number of changes observed in cross-exposure pattern groups (CT or TC). Continuous EC exposure (TT) produced fewer transcript alterations and only two genes (INHBA and GSN) presented differential profiles between CC and TT. Fetal ovarian proteome analysis (2-DE gels) showed, across all exposure groups, 86 differentially expressed protein spots compared to controls. Animals in the CT group exhibited the highest number (53) while TC and TT presented the same number of affected protein spots (42). Fetal ovarian proteins with altered expression included MVP (major vault protein) and several members of the heat-shock family (HSPA4L, HSP90AA1 and HSF1). The present findings indicate that continuous maternal EC exposure before and during gestation, are less deleterious for fetal ovarian development than a change in maternal EC exposure between pre and post-conception. The pathways by which the ovary responds to this chemical stress were common in TT, CT, TC exposed foetuses. In addition to the period of pregnancy, the pre-conception period appears also as crucial for conditioning long-term effects of EC exposure on ovarian development and primordial follicle reserve and hence future fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bellingham
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Maria R. Amezaga
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Beatrice Mandon-Pepin
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christopher J.B. Speers
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Carol E. Kyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Neil P. Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Richard M. Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Corinne Cotinot
- INRA, UMR 1198, Biologie du Développement et Reproduction F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stewart M. Rhind
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Paul A. Fowler
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Corresponding author. Address: Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Tel.: +44 1224 437528; fax: +44 1224 437465.
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Bell SJ, Francis IL. Manipulating vineyard nitrogen on a saline site: 1. Effect of nitrogen on growth, grape yield and nutrients of Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2393-2401. [PMID: 23504619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increased prevalence of saline irrigation water applied to vines worldwide, the issue of appropriate nitrogen management is of concern. Different rates of nitrogen per vine as urea were applied to Shiraz vines on own roots over four seasons in a low-rainfall, saline growing environment. RESULTS Application of nitrogen in the vineyard early in the season not only altered the vine nitrogen status but also increased some other elements in the petioles, notably chloride and sodium but also manganese and magnesium. In contrast, nitrogen application decreased petiole phosphorus. In comparison with the majority of nitrogen studies on non-saline sites, nitrogen-induced growth responses were restricted under the saline conditions in this study. While some changes in canopy density in response to nitrogen were observed, this did not affect light interception in the fruit zone. Yield responses were varied and could be related to the nutritional conditions under which bud development and flowering took place. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that current best practice guidelines, in terms of rate of nitrogen applied, for correcting a nitrogen deficiency on a non-saline site may not be appropriate for saline sites and that application of nitrogen can increase the potential for salt toxicity in vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally-Jean Bell
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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