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Saarenpää M, Roslund MI, Nurminen N, Puhakka R, Kummola L, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Urban indoor gardening enhances immune regulation and diversifies skin microbiota - A placebo-controlled double-blinded intervention study. Environ Int 2024; 187:108705. [PMID: 38688234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
According to the hygiene and biodiversity hypotheses, frequent exposure to environmental microbiota, especially through soil contact, diversifies commensal microbiota, enhances immune modulation, and ultimately lowers the risk of immune-mediated diseases. Here we test the underlying assumption of the hygiene and biodiversity hypotheses by instructing volunteers to grow edible plants indoors during the winter season when natural exposure to environmental microbiota is low. The one-month randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial consisted of two treatments: participants received either microbially diverse growing medium or visually similar but microbially poor growing medium. Skin microbiota and a panel of seven immune markers were analyzed in the beginning of the trial and after one month. The diversity of five bacterial phyla (Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia) and one class (Bacteroidia) increased on the skin of participants in the intervention group while no changes were observed in the placebo group. The number of nodes and edges in the co-occurrence networks of the skin bacteria increased on average three times more in the intervention group than in the placebo group. The plasma levels of the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) increased in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group. A similar trend was observed in the interleukin 17A (IL-17A) levels and in the IL-10:IL-17A ratios. Participants in both groups reported high satisfaction and adherence to the trial. The current study provides evidence in support of the core assumption of the hygiene and biodiversity hypotheses of immune-mediated diseases. Indoor urban gardening offers a meaningful and convenient approach for increasing year-round exposure to environmental microbiota, paving the way for other prophylactic practices that might help prevent immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Saarenpää
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Laura Kummola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
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Pacwa-Płociniczak M, Kumor A, Bukowczan M, Sinkkonen A, Roslund M, Płociniczak T. The potential of enhanced phytoremediation to clean up multi-contaminated soil - insights from metatranscriptomics. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127738. [PMID: 38692035 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to (i) investigate the potential for enhanced phytoremediation to remove contaminants from soil historically co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and heavy metals (HMs) and (ii) analyze the expression of crucial bacterial genes and whole metatranscriptomics profiles for better understanding of soil processes during applied treatment. Phytoremediation was performed using Zea mays and supported by the Pseudomonas qingdaonensis ZCR6 strain and a natural biofertilizer: meat and bone meal (MBM). In previous investigations, mechanisms supporting plant growth and PH degradation were described in the ZCR6 strain. Here, ZCR6 survived in the soil throughout the experiment, but the efficacy of PH removal from all soils fertilized with MBM reached 32 % regardless of the bacterial inoculation. All experimental groups contained 2 % (w/w) MBM. The toxic effect of this amendment on plants was detected 30 days after germination, irrespective of ZCR6 inoculation. Among the 17 genes tested using the qPCR method, only expression of the acdS gene, encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, and the CYP153 gene, encoding cytochrome P450-type alkane hydroxylase, was detected in soils. Metatranscriptomic analysis of soils indicated increased expression of methane particulated ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (pmoA-amoA) by Nitrosomonadales bacteria in all soils enriched with MBM compared to the non-fertilized control. We suggest that the addition of 2 % (w/w) MBM caused the toxic effect on plants via the rapid release of ammonia, and this led to high pmoA-amoA expression. In parallel, due to its wide substrate specificity, enhanced bacterial hydrocarbon removal in MBM-treated soils was observed. The metatranscriptomic results indicate that MBM application should be considered to improve bioremediation of soils polluted with PHs rather than phytoremediation. However, lower concentrations of MBM could be considered for phytoremediation enhancement. From a broader perspective, these results indicated the superior capability of metatranscriptomics to investigate the microbial mechanisms driving various bioremediation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pacwa-Płociniczak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, Katowice 40-032, Poland.
| | - Agata Kumor
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, Katowice 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marta Bukowczan
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, Katowice 40-032, Poland.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marja Roslund
- Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomasz Płociniczak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, Katowice 40-032, Poland.
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Zhao C, Liu X, Tan H, Bian Y, Khalid M, Sinkkonen A, Jumpponen A, Rahman SU, Du B, Hui N. Urbanization influences the indoor transfer of airborne antibiotic resistance genes, which has a seasonally dependent pattern. Environ Int 2024; 185:108545. [PMID: 38447454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the cumulative use of antibiotics in healthcare institutions, as well as the rearing of livestock and poultry, has resulted in the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This presents a substantial danger to human health worldwide. The characteristics of airborne ARGs, especially those transferred from outdoors to indoors, remains largely unexplored in neighborhoods, even though a majority of human population spends most of their time there. We investigated airborne ARGs and mobile genetic element (MGE, IntI1), plant communities, and airborne microbiota transferred indoors, as well as respiratory disease (RD) prevalence using a combination of metabarcode sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR and questionnaires in 72 neighborhoods in Shanghai. We hypothesized that (i) urbanization regulates ARGs abundance, (ii) the urbanization effect on ARGs varies seasonally, and (iii) land use types are associated with ARGs abundance. Supporting these hypotheses, during the warm season, the abundance of ARGs in peri-urban areas was higher than in urban areas. The abundance of ARGs was also affected by the surrounding land use and plant communities: an increase in the proportion of gray infrastructure (e.g., residential area) around neighborhoods can lead to an increase in some ARGs (mecA, qnrA, ermB and mexD). Additionally, there were variations observed in the relationship between ARGs and bacterial genera in different seasons. Specifically, Stenotrophomonas and Campylobacter were positively correlated with vanA during warm seasons, whereas Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, Treponema and Stenotrophomonas positively correlated with tetX in the cold season. Interstingly, a noteworthy positive correlation was observed between the abundance of vanA and the occurrence of both rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. Taken together, our study underlines the importance of urbanization and season in controlling the indoor transfer of airborne ARGs. Furthermore, we also highlight the augmentation of green-blue infrastructure in urban environments has the potential to mitigate an excess of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, 200240, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti 15140 Finland.
| | - Haoxin Tan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yucheng Bian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti 15140 Finland; Horticulture Technologies, Unit of Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baoming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti 15140 Finland.
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Zhao C, Liu X, Tan H, Yin S, Su L, Du B, Khalid M, Sinkkonen A, Hui N. Neighborhood garden's age shapes phyllosphere microbiota associated with respiratory diseases in cold seasons. Environ Sci Ecotechnol 2024; 18:100315. [PMID: 37886031 PMCID: PMC10598728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood gardens serve as sensitive sites for human microbial encounters, with phyllosphere microbes directly impacting our respiratory health. Yet, our understanding remains limited on how factors like season, garden age, and land use shape the risk of respiratory diseases (RDs) tied to these garden microbes. Here we examined the microbial communities within the phyllosphere of 72 neighborhood gardens across Shanghai, spanning different seasons (warm and cold), garden ages (old and young), and locales (urban and rural). We found a reduced microbial diversity during the cold season, except for Gammaproteobacteria which exhibited an inverse trend. While land use influenced the microbial composition, urban and rural gardens had strikingly similar microbial profiles. Alarmingly, young gardens in the cold season hosted a substantial proportion of RDs-associated species, pointing towards increased respiratory inflammation risks. In essence, while newer gardens during colder periods show a decline in microbial diversity, they have an increased presence of RDs-associated microbes, potentially escalating respiratory disease prevalence. This underscores the pivotal role the garden age plays in enhancing both urban microbial diversity and respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxin Tan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Lantian Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoming Du
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Dingus A, Roslund MI, Brauner S, Sinkkonen A, Weidenhamer JD. Arabidopsis response to copper is mediated by density and root exudates: Evidence that plant density and toxic soils can shape plant communities. Am J Bot 2024; 111:e16285. [PMID: 38353923 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Plants grown at high densities show increased tolerance to heavy metals for reasons that are not clear. A potential explanation is the release of citrate by plant roots, which binds metals and prevents uptake. Thus, pooled exudates at high plant densities might increase tolerance. We tested this exclusion facilitation hypothesis using mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in citrate exudation. METHODS Wild type Arabidopsis and two allelic mutants for the Ferric Reductase Defective 3 (FRD3) gene were grown at four densities and watered with copper sulfate at four concentrations. Plants were harvested before bolting and dried. Shoot biomass was measured, and shoot material and soil were digested in nitric acid. Copper contents were determined by atomic absorption. RESULTS In the highest-copper treatment, density-dependent reduction in toxicity was observed in the wild type but not in FRD3 mutants. For both mutants, copper concentrations per gram biomass were up to seven times higher than for wild type plants, depending on density and copper treatment. In all genotypes, total copper accumulation was greater at higher plant densities. Plant size variation increased with density and copper treatment because of heterogeneous distribution of copper throughout the soil. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that citrate exudation is responsible for density-dependent reductions in toxicity of metals. Density-dependent copper uptake and growth in contaminated soils underscores the importance of density in ecotoxicological testing. In soils with a heterogeneous distribution of contaminants, competition for nontoxic soil regions may drive size hierarchies and determine competitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dingus
- Department of Chemistry, Geology, and Physics, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, 44805, USA
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, 44805, USA
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Soren Brauner
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, 44805, USA
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Jeffrey D Weidenhamer
- Department of Chemistry, Geology, and Physics, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, 44805, USA
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Romantschuk M, Lahti-Leikas K, Kontro M, Galitskaya P, Talvenmäki H, Simpanen S, Allen JA, Sinkkonen A. Bioremediation of contaminated soil and groundwater by in situ biostimulation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258148. [PMID: 38029190 PMCID: PMC10658714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation by in situ biostimulation is an attractive alternative to excavation of contaminated soil. Many in situ remediation methods have been tested with some success; however, due to highly variable results in realistic field conditions, they have not been implemented as widely as they might deserve. To ensure success, methods should be validated under site-analogous conditions before full scale use, which requires expertise and local knowledge by the implementers. The focus here is on indigenous microbial degraders and evaluation of their performance. Identifying and removing biodegradation bottlenecks for degradation of organic pollutants is essential. Limiting factors commonly include: lack of oxygen or alternative electron acceptors, low temperature, and lack of essential nutrients. Additional factors: the bioavailability of the contaminating compound, pH, distribution of the contaminant, and soil structure and moisture, and in some cases, lack of degradation potential which may be amended with bioaugmentation. Methods to remove these bottlenecks are discussed. Implementers should also be prepared to combine methods or use them in sequence. Chemical/physical means may be used to enhance biostimulation. The review also suggests tools for assessing sustainability, life cycle assessment, and risk assessment. To help entrepreneurs, decision makers, and methods developers in the future, we suggest founding a database for otherwise seldom reported unsuccessful interventions, as well as the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to assist in site evaluation and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Katariina Lahti-Leikas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Merja Kontro
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Harri Talvenmäki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Suvi Simpanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - John A. Allen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Horticulture Technologies, Turku, Finland
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Kummola L, González-Rodríguez MI, Marnila P, Nurminen N, Salomaa T, Hiihtola L, Mäkelä I, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A, Junttila IS. Comparison of the effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved live soil exposure on the mouse immune system : Effect of soil exposure on immune system. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:29. [PMID: 37689649 PMCID: PMC10492337 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Lack of exposure to the natural microbial diversity of the environment has been linked to dysregulation of the immune system and numerous noncommunicable diseases, such as allergies and autoimmune disorders. Our previous studies suggest that contact with soil material, rich in naturally occurring microbes, could have a beneficial immunoregulatory impact on the immune system in mice and humans. However, differences in the immunomodulatory properties of autoclaved, sterile soil material and non-autoclaved, live soil material have not been compared earlier. RESULTS . In this study, we exposed C57BL/6 mice to autoclaved and live soil powders that had the same rich microbiota before autoclaving. We studied the effect of the soil powders on the mouse immune system by analyzing different immune cell populations, gene expression in the gut, mesenteric lymph nodes and lung, and serum cytokines. Both autoclaved and live soil exposure were associated with changes in the immune system. The exposure to autoclaved soil resulted in higher levels of Rorγt, Inos and Foxp3 expression in the colon. The exposure to live soil was associated with elevated IFN-γ concentration in the serum. In the mesenteric lymph node, exposure to live soil reduced Gata3 and Foxp3 expression, increased the percentage of CD8 + T cells and the expression of activation marker CD80 in XCR1+SIRPα- migratory conventional dendritic cell 1 subset. CONCLUSIONS . Our results indicate that exposure to the live and autoclaved soil powders is not toxic for mice. Exposure to live soil powder slightly skews the immune system towards type 1 direction which might be beneficial for inhibiting type 2-related inflammation. Further studies are warranted to quantify the impact of this exposure in experimental type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kummola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | | | - Pertti Marnila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo-Building, Rm F326, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Lotta Hiihtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo-Building, Rm F326, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Iida Mäkelä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ilkka S Junttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33014, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories, Arvo-Building, Rm F326, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, 33520, Finland.
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre (NordLab), Oulu, 90220, Finland.
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland.
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Cavazzoli S, Squartini A, Sinkkonen A, Romantschuk M, Rantalainen AL, Selonen V, Roslund MI. Nutritional additives dominance in driving the bacterial communities succession and bioremediation of hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminated soil microcosms. Microbiol Res 2023; 270:127343. [PMID: 36841130 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil quality and microbial diversity are essential to the health of ecosystems. However, it is unclear how the use of eco-friendly natural additives can improve the quality and microbial diversity of contaminated soils. Herein, we used high-throughput 16 S rDNA amplicon Illumina sequencing to evaluate the stimulation and development of microbial diversity and concomitant bioremediation in hydrocarbon (HC) and heavy metal (HM)-rich waste disposal site soil when treated with meat and bone meal (MBM), cyclodextrin (Cdx), and MBM and cyclodextrin mixture (Cdx MBM) over a period of 3 months. Results showed that natural additive treatments significantly increased the soil bacterial diversity (higher Shannon index, Simpson index and evenness) in a time-dependent manner, with Cdx eliciting the greatest enhancement. The two additives influenced the bacterial community succession patterns differently. MBM, while it enhanced the enrichment of specific genera Chitinophaga and Terrimonas, did not significantly alter the total bacterial community. In contrast, Cdx or Cdx MBM promoted a profound change of the bacteria community over time, with the enrichment of the genera Parvibaculum, Arenimonas and unclassified Actinobacteria. These results provide evidence on the involvement of the two natural additives in coupling HC and HM bioremediation and bacterial community perturbations, and thus illustrates their potential application in ecologically sound bioremediation technologies for contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavazzoli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, DICAM, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland.
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Horticulture Technologies, Turku, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Ville Selonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland; Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
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9
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Cavazzoli S, Squartini A, Sinkkonen A, Romantschuk M, Rantalainen AL, Selonen V, Roslund MI. Corrigendum to "Nutritional additives dominance in driving the bacterial communities succession and bioremediation of hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminated soil microcosms" [Microbiol. Res. 270 (2023) 127343]. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127359. [PMID: 36918336 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavazzoli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, DICAM, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland.
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Horticulture Technologies, Turku, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Ville Selonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Horticulture Technologies, Turku, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Wicaksono WA, Buko A, Kusstatscher P, Cernava T, Sinkkonen A, Laitinen OH, Virtanen SM, Hyöty H, Berg G. Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02157-8. [PMID: 36542126 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits are a crucial part of the planetary health diet, directly affecting human health and the gut microbiome. The objective of our study was to understand the variability of the fruit (apple and blueberry) microbiome in the frame of the exposome concept. The study covered two fruit-bearing woody species, apple and blueberry, two countries of origin (Austria and Finland), and two fruit production methods (naturally grown and horticultural). Microbial abundance, diversity, and community structures were significantly different for apples and blueberries and strongly influenced by the growing system (naturally grown or horticultural) and country of origin (Austria or Finland). Our results indicated that bacterial communities are more responsive towards these factors than fungal communities. We found that fruits grown in the wild and within home gardens generally carry a higher microbial diversity, while commercial horticulture homogenized the microbiome independent of the country of origin. This can be explained by horticultural management, including pesticide use and post-harvest treatments. Specific taxonomic indicators were identified for each group, i.e., for horticultural apples: Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Stenotrophomonas. Interestingly, Ralstonia was also found to be enriched in horticultural blueberries in comparison to such that were home and wildly grown. Our study showed that the origin of fruits can strongly influence the diversity and composition of their microbiome, which means that we are exposed to different microorganisms by eating fruits from different origins. Thus, the fruit microbiome needs to be considered an important but relatively unexplored external exposomic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisnu Adi Wicaksono
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Aisa Buko
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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11
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Liu X, Li X, Hua Y, Sinkkonen A, Romantschuk M, Lv Y, Wu Q, Hui N. Meat and bone meal stimulates microbial diversity and suppresses plant pathogens in asparagus straw composting. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:953783. [PMID: 36204619 PMCID: PMC9530395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.953783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and bone meal (MBM), as slaughterhouse waste, is a potential biostimulating agent, but its efficiency and reliability in composting are largely unknown. To access the MBM application to the composting process of asparagus straw rice, we followed the composting process for 60 days in 220-L composters and another 180 days in 20-L buckets in treatments applied with MBM or urea. The microbial succession was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Compared with urea treatments, MBM addition stabilized pH and extended the thermophilic phase for 7 days. The germination index of MBM treatments was 24.76% higher than that of urea treatments. MBM also promoted higher microbial diversity and shifted community compositions. Organic matter and pH were the most significant factors that influence the bacterial and fungal community structure. At the genus level, MBM enriched relative abundances of organic matter-degrading bacteria (Alterococcus) and lignocellulose-degrading fungi (Trichoderma), as well as lignocellulolytic enzyme activities. Notably, MBM addition decreased sum abundances of plant pathogenic fungi of Phaeoacremonium, Acremonium, and Geosmithia from 17.27 to 0.11%. This study demonstrated the potential of MBM as an effective additive in asparagus straw composting, thus providing insights into the development of new industrial aerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinfeng Hua
- Shanghai Pudong Development (Group) CO., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Yanfang Lv
- Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Boda Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Yixing, China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
- *Correspondence: Nan Hui
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12
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Roslund MI, Parajuli A, Hui N, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Soininen L, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Cinek O, Kramná L, Schroderus AM, Laitinen OH, Kinnunen T, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. A Placebo-controlled double-blinded test of the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases: Environmental microbial diversity elicits changes in cytokines and increase in T regulatory cells in young children. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 242:113900. [PMID: 35930838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases, lack of microbiological diversity in the everyday living environment is a core reason for dysregulation of immune tolerance and - eventually - the epidemic of immune-mediated diseases in western urban populations. Despite years of intense research, the hypothesis was never tested in a double-blinded and placebo-controlled intervention trial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to perform the first placebo-controlled double-blinded test that investigates the effect of biodiversity on immune tolerance. METHODS In the intervention group, children aged 3-5 years were exposed to playground sand enriched with microbially diverse soil, or in the placebo group, visually similar, but microbially poor sand colored with peat (13 participants per treatment group). Children played twice a day for 20 min in the sandbox for 14 days. Sand, skin and gut bacterial, and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 14 days. Bacterial changes were followed for 28 days. Sand, skin and gut metagenome was determined by high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16 S rRNA gene. Cytokines were measured from plasma and the frequency of blood regulatory T cells was defined as a percentage of total CD3 +CD4 + T cells. RESULTS Bacterial richness (P < 0.001) and diversity (P < 0.05) were higher in the intervention than placebo sand. Skin bacterial community, including Gammaproteobacteria, shifted only in the intervention treatment to resemble the bacterial community in the enriched sand (P < 0.01). Mean change in plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration and IL-10 to IL-17A ratio supported immunoregulation in the intervention treatment compared to the placebo treatment (P = 0.02). IL-10 levels (P = 0.001) and IL-10 to IL-17A ratio (P = 0.02) were associated with Gammaproteobacterial community on the skin. The change in Treg frequencies was associated with the relative abundance of skin Thermoactinomycetaceae 1 (P = 0.002) and unclassified Alphaproteobacteria (P < 0.001). After 28 days, skin bacterial community still differed in the intervention treatment compared to baseline (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This is the first double-blinded placebo-controlled study to show that daily exposure to microbial biodiversity is associated with immune modulation in humans. The findings support the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases. We conclude that environmental microbiota may contribute to child health, and that adding microbiological diversity to everyday living environment may support immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki and Turku, Finland; Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Laura Soininen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kramná
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna-Mari Schroderus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki and Turku, Finland.
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Cavazzoli S, Selonen V, Rantalainen AL, Sinkkonen A, Romantschuk M, Squartini A. Natural additives contribute to hydrocarbon and heavy metal co-contaminated soil remediation. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119569. [PMID: 35680061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A biological treatment method was tested in laboratory conditions for the removal of hydrocarbons contained in a waste disposal soil sample consisting of excavated sandy soil from a former fueling station. Two fractions of hydrocarbons were quantified by GC-FID: diesel (C10-C21) and lubricant oil (C22-C40). Meat and bone meal (MBM, 1% w/w) was used as a bio-stimulant agent for soil organisms. Cyclodextrin, an oligosaccharide produced from starch by enzymatic conversion, was also used to assess its ability to improve the bioavailability/biodegradability of hydrocarbons in the soil. Parameters such as temperature, pH, water content and aeration (O2 availability) were monitored and optimized to favor degradation processes. Two different experimental tests were prepared: one to measure the degradation of hydrocarbons; the other to monitor the mobility of some elements in the soil and in the leachate produced by watering with tap water. Soil samples treated with MBM and cyclodextrin showed, over time, a greater removal of the more persistent hydrocarbon fraction (lubricant oil). MBM-treated soils underwent a faster hydrocarbon removal kinetic, especially in the first treatment period. However, the final hydrocarbon concentrations are comparable in all treatments, including control. Over time, the effect of cyclodextrin on hydrocarbon degradation seemed to be relevant. MBM-treated soils sequestered lead in the very first weeks. These results highlight the intrinsic capacity of soil, and its indigenous microbial communities, to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and suggest that MBM-induced bioremediation is a promising, environmentally friendly technology which should be considered when dealing with hydrocarbon/heavy metal co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavazzoli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Ville Selonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Via Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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14
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Cavazzoli S, Selonen V, Rantalainen AL, Sinkkonen A, Romantschuk M, Squartini A. Dataset on bio-stimulation experiments for the removal of hydrocarbons and the monitoring of certain elements in a contaminated soil. Data Brief 2022; 43:108487. [PMID: 35959162 PMCID: PMC9357847 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) and β-cyclodextrin were added to a soil sample co-contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel fraction C10-C21 and lubricant oil fraction C22-C40) and heavy metals to promote soil remediation. The pilot study was conducted in the laboratory, maintaining optimal conditions (i.e., temperature, pH, water content, soil aeration) to facilitate hydrocarbon biodegradation. Two different experimental tests were prepared: one for the analysis of hydrocarbons in soil, the other to monitor the dynamics of some elements of interest. For the first test, the two hydrocarbon fractions in the soil were quantified separately by GC-FID, following the ISO 16703:2004(E) standard protocol. Sampling and analysis were done every two weeks, for three consecutive months. For the second test (dynamics of certain elements in the soil), soil and leachate samples were analyzed by ICP-MS after appropriate pretreatment steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavazzoli
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
- Corresponding author. @SimoCava91
| | - Ville Selonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16 - 35020 Legnaro, Veneto, Italy (PD)
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15
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Wicaksono WA, Buko A, Kusstatscher P, Sinkkonen A, Laitinen OH, Virtanen SM, Hyöty H, Cernava T, Berg G. Modulation of the food microbiome by apple fruit processing. Food Microbiol 2022; 108:104103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Salam MMA, Ruhui W, Sinkkonen A, Pappinen A, Pulkkinen P. Effects of Contaminated Soil on the Survival and Growth Performance of European ( Populus tremula L.) and Hybrid Aspen ( Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) Clones Based on Stand Density. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1970. [PMID: 35956448 PMCID: PMC9370595 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the survival rates, growth, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of four hybrid aspen (14, 191, 27, 291) and two European aspen (R3 and R4) clones cultivated in creosote- and diesel oil-contaminated soil treatments under three different plant densities: one plant per pot (low density), two plants per pot (medium density), and six plants per pot (high density) over a period of two years and three months. Evaluating the survival, growth, and Fv/Fm values of different plants is a prerequisite for phytoremediation to remediate polluted soils for ecological restoration and soil health. The results revealed that contaminated soils affected all plants’ survival rates and growth. However, plants grown in the creosote-contaminated soil displayed a 99% survival rate, whereas plants cultivated in the diesel-contaminated soil showed a 22−59% survival rate. Low plant density resulted in a higher survival rate and growth than in the other two density treatments. In contrast, the medium- and high-density treatments did not affect the plant survival rate and growth to a greater extent, particularly in contaminated soil treatments. The effects of clonal variation on the survival rate, growth, and Fv/Fm values were evident in all treatments. The results suggested that hybrid aspen clones 14 and 291, and European aspen clone R3 were suitable candidates for the phytoremediation experiment, as they demonstrated reasonable survival rates, growth, and Fv/Fm values across all treatments. A superior survival rate for clone 291, height and diameter growth, and stem dry biomass production for clone 14 were observed in all soil treatments. Overall, a reasonable survival rate (~75%) and Fv/Fm value (>0.75) for all plants in all treatments, indicating European aspen and hybrid aspen have considerable potential for phytoremediation experiments. As the experiment was set up for a limited period, this study deserves further research to verify the growth potential of different hybrid aspen and European aspen clones in different soil and density treatment for the effective phytoremediation process to remediate the contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80100 Joensuu, Finland;
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, Finland; (A.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Wen Ruhui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, Finland; (A.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80100 Joensuu, Finland;
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, Finland; (A.S.); (P.P.)
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17
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Soininen L, Roslund MI, Nurminen N, Puhakka R, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Indoor green wall affects health-associated commensal skin microbiota and enhances immune regulation: a randomized trial among urban office workers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6518. [PMID: 35444249 PMCID: PMC9021224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization reduces microbiological abundance and diversity, which has been associated with immune mediated diseases. Urban greening may be used as a prophylactic method to restore microbiological diversity in cities and among urbanites. This study evaluated the impact of air-circulating green walls on bacterial abundance and diversity on human skin, and on immune responses determined by blood cytokine measurements. Human subjects working in offices in two Finnish cities (Lahti and Tampere) participated in a two-week intervention, where green walls were installed in the rooms of the experimental group. Control group worked without green walls. Skin and blood samples were collected before (Day0), during (Day14) and two weeks after (Day28) the intervention. The relative abundance of genus Lactobacillus and the Shannon diversity of phylum Proteobacteria and class Gammaproteobacteria increased in the experimental group. Proteobacterial diversity was connected to the lower proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A level among participants in Lahti. In addition, the change in TGF-β1 levels was opposite between the experimental and control group. As skin Lactobacillus and the diversity of Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria are considered advantageous for skin health, air-circulating green walls may induce beneficial changes in a human microbiome. The immunomodulatory potential of air-circulating green walls deserves further research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soininen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - M I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.,Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Turku and Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - R Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - O H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Turku and Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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González‐Rodríguez MI, Nurminen N, Kummola L, Laitinen OH, Oikarinen S, Parajuli A, Salomaa T, Mäkelä I, Roslund MI, Sinkkonen A, Hyöty H, Junttila IS. Effect of inactivated nature‐derived microbial composition on mouse immune system. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e579. [PMID: 34873877 PMCID: PMC8926502 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hygiene hypothesis suggests that decrease in early life infections due to increased societal‐level hygiene standards subjects one to allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this report, we have studied the effect of sterilized forest soil and plant‐based material on mouse immune system and gut microbiome. Methods Inbred C57Bl/6 mice maintained in normal sterile environment were subjected to autoclaved forest soil‐derived powder in their bedding for 1 h a day for 3 weeks. Immune response was measured by immune cell flow cytometry, serum cytokine enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Furthermore, the mouse gut microbiome was analyzed by sequencing. Results When compared to control mice, mice treated with soil‐derived powder had decreased level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines namely interleukin (IL)−17F and IL‐21 in the serum. Furthermore, splenocytes from mice treated with soil‐derived powder expressed less IL‐1b, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) upon cell activation. Gut microbiome appeared to be stabilized by the treatment. Conclusions These results provide insights on the effect of biodiversity on murine immune system in sterile environment. Subjecting mice to soil‐based plant and microbe structures appears to elicit immune response that could be beneficial, for example, in type 2 inflammation‐related diseases, that is, allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Laura Kummola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Fimlab Laboratories Finland
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Center for infectious medicine (CIM) Huddinge Sweden
| | - Tanja Salomaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Iida Mäkelä
- Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies Natural Resources Institute Finland Finland
| | - Marja I. Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies Natural Resources Institute Finland Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Fimlab Laboratories Finland
| | - Ilkka S. Junttila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Fimlab Laboratories Finland
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19
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Gao Y, Sinkkonen A, Li H, Oleszczuk P. Advances in agro-environmental organic contamination: An introduction to the Special Issue. Chemosphere 2022; 287:132071. [PMID: 34500329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, Turku, Finland
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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20
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Roslund MI, Puhakka R, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Siter N, Grönroos M, Cinek O, Kramná L, Jumpponen A, Laitinen OH, Rajaniemi J, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Long-term biodiversity intervention shapes health-associated commensal microbiota among urban day-care children. Environ Int 2021; 157:106811. [PMID: 34403882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In modern urban environments children have a high incidence of inflammatory disorders, including allergies, asthma, and type1 diabetes. The underlying cause of these disorders, according to the biodiversity hypothesis, is an imbalance in immune regulation caused by a weak interaction with environmental microbes. In this 2-year study, we analyzed bacterial community shifts in the soil surface in day-care centers and commensal bacteria inhabiting the mouth, skin, and gut of children. We compared two different day-care environments: standard urban day-care centers and intervention day-care centers. Yards in the latter were amended with biodiverse forest floor vegetation and sod at the beginning of the study. RESULTS Intervention caused a long-standing increase in the relative abundance of nonpathogenic environmental mycobacteria in the surface soils. Treatment-specific shifts became evident in the community composition of Gammaproteobacteria, Negativicutes, and Bacilli, which jointly accounted for almost 40 and 50% of the taxa on the intervention day-care children's skin and in saliva, respectively. In the year-one skin swabs, richness of Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria was higher, and the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus sp., and Veillonella sp., was lower among children in intervention day-care centers compared with children in standard day-care centers. In the gut, the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto decreased, particularly among the intervention children. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a 2-year biodiversity intervention shapes human commensal microbiota, including taxa that have been associated with immune regulation. Results indicate that intervention enriched commensal microbiota and suppressed the potentially pathogenic bacteria on the skin. We recommend future studies that expand intervention strategies to immune response and eventually the incidence of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kramná
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS66506, KS, United States of America
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland.
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21
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Haahtela T, Alenius H, Lehtimäki J, Sinkkonen A, Fyhrquist N, Hyöty H, Ruokolainen L, Mäkelä MJ. Immunological resilience and biodiversity for prevention of allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:3613-3626. [PMID: 33959980 DOI: 10.1111/all.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increase of allergic conditions has occurred at the same pace with the Great Acceleration, which stands for the rapid growth rate of human activities upon earth from 1950s. Changes of environment and lifestyle along with escalating urbanization are acknowledged as the main underlying causes. Secondary (tertiary) prevention for better disease control has advanced considerably with innovations for oral immunotherapy and effective treatment of inflammation with corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and biological medications. Patients are less disabled than before. However, primary prevention has remained a dilemma. Factors predicting allergy and asthma risk have proven complex: Risk factors increase the risk, while protective factors counteract them. Interaction of human body with environmental biodiversity with micro-organisms and biogenic compounds as well as the central role of epigenetic adaptation in immune homeostasis have given new insight. Allergic diseases are good indicators of the twisted relation to environment. In various non-communicable diseases, the protective mode of the immune system indicates low-grade inflammation without apparent cause. Giving microbes, pro- and prebiotics, has shown some promise in prevention and treatment. The real-world public health programme in Finland (2008-2018) emphasized nature relatedness and protective factors for immunological resilience, instead of avoidance. The nationwide action mitigated the allergy burden, but in the lack of controls, primary preventive effect remains to be proven. The first results of controlled biodiversity interventions are promising. In the fast urbanizing world, new approaches are called for allergy prevention, which also has a major cost saving potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University HospitalUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology Medicum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies Turku Finland
| | - Nanna Fyhrquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology Medicum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Pirkanmaa Hospital District Tampere Finland
| | - Lasse Ruokolainen
- Lasse Ruokolainen Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mika J. Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University HospitalUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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22
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Prescott SL, Wegienka G, Kort R, Nelson DH, Gabrysch S, Hancock T, Kozyrskyj A, Lowry CA, Redvers N, Poland B, Robinson J, Moubarac JC, Warber S, Jansson J, Sinkkonen A, Penders J, Erdman S, Nanan R, van den Bosch M, Schneider K, Schroeck NJ, Sobko T, Harvie J, Kaplan GA, Moodie R, Lengnick L, Prilleltensky I, Celidwen Y, Berman SH, Logan AC, Berman B. Project Earthrise: Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of inVIVO Planetary Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182010654. [PMID: 34682400 PMCID: PMC8535547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The “Earthrise” photograph, taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission, became one of the most significant images of the 20th Century. It triggered a profound shift in environmental awareness and the potential for human unity—inspiring the first Earth Day in 1970. Taking inspiration from these events 50 years later, we initiated Project Earthrise at our 2020 annual conference of inVIVO Planetary Health. This builds on the emergent concept of planetary health, which provides a shared narrative to integrate rich and diverse approaches from all aspects of society towards shared solutions to global challenges. The acute catastrophe of the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn greater attention to many other interconnected global health, environmental, social, spiritual, and economic problems that have been underappreciated or neglected for decades. This is accelerating opportunities for greater collaborative action, as many groups now focus on the necessity of a “Great Transition”. While ambitious integrative efforts have never been more important, it is imperative to apply these with mutualistic value systems as a compass, as we seek to make wiser choices. Project Earthrise is our contribution to this important process. This underscores the imperative for creative ecological solutions to challenges in all systems, on all scales with advancing global urbanization in the digital age—for personal, environmental, economic and societal health alike. At the same time, our agenda seeks to equally consider our social and spiritual ecology as it does natural ecology. Revisiting the inspiration of “Earthrise”, we welcome diverse perspectives from across all dimensions of the arts and the sciences, to explore novel solutions and new normative values. Building on academic rigor, we seek to place greater value on imagination, kindness and mutualism as we address our greatest challenges, for the health of people, places and planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Prescott
- NOVA Institute for Health of People, Places and Planet, 1407 Fleet Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute at Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.W.); (G.A.K.); (S.H.B.); (A.C.L.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Remco Kort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- ARTIS_Micropia, Plantage Kerklaan 38-40, 1018 CZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine Gabrysch
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Public Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Trevor Hancock
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;
| | - Anita Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - Nicole Redvers
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada;
| | - Jake Robinson
- Department of Landscape, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Jean-Claude Moubarac
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Sara Warber
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.W.); (G.A.K.); (S.H.B.); (A.C.L.); (B.B.)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Janet Jansson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, DC 99352, USA;
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School for Nutrition & Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht UMC+ [University Medical Centre], 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Susan Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Sydney Medical School–Nepean, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Kirk Schneider
- Existential-Humanistic Institute, San Francisco, CA 94901, USA;
- Department of Humanistic and Clinical Psychology, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Schroeck
- School of Law, University of Detroit Mercy, 651 East Jefferson Ave., Detroit, MI 48226, USA;
| | - Tanja Sobko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Jamie Harvie
- Institute for a Sustainable Future, Duluth, MN 55802, USA;
| | - George A. Kaplan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.W.); (G.A.K.); (S.H.B.); (A.C.L.); (B.B.)
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health (MSPGH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | | | - Isaac Prilleltensky
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA;
| | | | - Susan H. Berman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.W.); (G.A.K.); (S.H.B.); (A.C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Alan C. Logan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.W.); (G.A.K.); (S.H.B.); (A.C.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Brian Berman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.W.); (G.A.K.); (S.H.B.); (A.C.L.); (B.B.)
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23
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Belz RG, Sinkkonen A. Low glyphosate doses change reproduction and produce tolerant offspring in dense populations of Hordeum vulgare. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4770-4784. [PMID: 34148282 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low toxin doses that do not affect mean responses in plant populations can still change the growth of subpopulations. Studies covering vegetative stages ascribed fast-growing plants higher thresholds for growth stimulation and inhibition, compared with the rest of the population. We hypothesized that such selective effects also play a role after reproduction; that is, the offspring of glyphosate-treated tolerant, fast-growing phenotypes is more tolerant than the offspring of untreated plants. An experimental, high-density barley population was exposed to a range of glyphosate concentrations in the greenhouse, and reproduction and final growth were analyzed for selective effects. Therefore, F0, F1 treated and F1 non-treated offspring were re-exposed to glyphosate. RESULTS Low doses of glyphosate inhibited the growth and reproduction of slow-growing plants at concentrations that did not change the population mean. Concentrations that inhibited average-sized plants hormetically increased the biomass and seed yield of fast-growing plants. Compared with F0 and F1 non-treated offspring, F1-treated offspring from hormetically stimulated fast-growing plants were more glyphosate tolerant. Hence, a pesticide can shape the reproductive pattern of a plant population and alter offspring tolerance at concentrations that have no effect on average yield. CONCLUSIONS Toxin levels that do not change the population mean still alter the reproductive output of individuals. Sensitive phenotypes suffer, whereas the reproduction of tolerant phenotypes is boosted compared with toxin-free conditions. Because glyphosate is one of the leading herbicides in the world, tolerant phenotypes may benefit from current agricultural practices. If these results apply to other toxicants, low toxin doses may increase the fitness of tolerant phenotypes in a way not previously anticipated. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Ecology Unit, Lahti, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Turku, Finland
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24
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Cai Z, Sun Y, Deng Y, Zheng X, Sun S, Romantschuk M, Sinkkonen A. In situ electrokinetic (EK) remediation of the total and plant available cadmium (Cd) in paddy agricultural soil using low voltage gradients at pilot and full scales. Sci Total Environ 2021; 785:147277. [PMID: 33957583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation has been widely studied at laboratory scales. However, field-scale research is far less. In this study, a 14-day EK remediation was carried out, in a field pilot (4 m2) test and a full-scale (200 m2) application for the first time, in a cadmium (Cd) contaminated paddy agricultural field near a mining area. A low voltage of 20 V was applied at both scales; voltage gradient was 20 V m-1 and 4 V m-1 at the pilot and full scales, respectively. Samples were taken from near the anode and cathode, and in the middle of the electric field, in the soil layers 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 40-50 cm. After the EK remediation, a significant portion of the total Cd was removed in all the layers at the pilot scale, by 87%, 72%, and 54% from the top down, but only in the 0-10 cm layer at the full scale by 74%. As for the plant available (exchangeable and soluble) Cd, significant removal (64%) was only observed in the 0-10 cm layer at the pilot scale. The percentage reduction of the electrical conductivity and removal efficiency of the total Cd was higher near the anode than the cathode. The soil pH was elevated near the cathode but stayed below pH 6 due to the sufficient supply of lactic acid. After the EK remediation, the concentration of the total Cd dropped below the hazard threshold, i.e. 0.4 mg (kg dry wt soil)-1 for agricultural paddy fields in China. A total energy of 2 kW·h and 0.6 kW·h was consumed at the pilot and full scales, respectively. This study showed a successful in situ EK remediation of Cd contaminated paddy agricultural soil, especially in the surface layer, with low voltage and energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention of Guangdong Environmental Protection of Mining and Metallurgy Industry, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Solid Waste Resource Recovery and Heavy Metal Pollution Control, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, No. 98 Guidan West Road, Nanhai District, Foshan 528216, PR China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Yanghong Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention of Guangdong Environmental Protection of Mining and Metallurgy Industry, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Solid Waste Resource Recovery and Heavy Metal Pollution Control, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, No. 98 Guidan West Road, Nanhai District, Foshan 528216, PR China.
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention of Guangdong Environmental Protection of Mining and Metallurgy Industry, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Solid Waste Resource Recovery and Heavy Metal Pollution Control, Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, No. 98 Guidan West Road, Nanhai District, Foshan 528216, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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25
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Nurminen N, Cerrone D, Lehtonen J, Parajuli A, Roslund M, Lönnrot M, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Veijola R, Knip M, Rajaniemi J, Laitinen OH, Sinkkonen A, Hyöty H. Land Cover of Early-Life Environment Modulates the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1506-1514. [PMID: 33952607 PMCID: PMC8323192 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental microbial exposures have been implicated to protect against immune-mediated diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Our objective was to study the association of land cover around the early-life dwelling with the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes to evaluate the role of environmental microbial biodiversity in the pathogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Association between land cover types and the future risk of type 1 diabetes was studied by analyzing land cover types classified according to Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) 2012 and 2000 data around the dwelling during the first year of life for 10,681 children genotyped for disease-associated HLA-DQ alleles and monitored from birth in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study. Land cover was compared between children who developed type 1 diabetes (n = 271) or multiple diabetes-associated islet autoantibodies (n = 384) and children without diabetes who are negative for diabetes autoantibodies. RESULTS Agricultural land cover around the home was inversely associated with diabetes risk (odds ratio 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.87, P = 0.02 within a distance of 1,500 m). The association was observed among children with the high-risk HLA genotype and among those living in the southernmost study region. Snow cover on the ground seemed to block the transfer of the microbial community indoors, leading to reduced bacterial richness and diversity indoors, which might explain the regional difference in the association. In survival models, an agricultural environment was associated with a decreased risk of multiple islet autoantibodies (hazard ratio [HR] 1.60, P = 0.008) and a decreased risk of progression from single to multiple autoantibody positivity (HR 2.07, P = 0.001) compared with an urban environment known to have lower environmental microbial diversity. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that exposure to an agricultural environment (comprising nonirrigated arable land, fruit trees and berry plantations, pastures, natural pastures, land principally occupied by agriculture with significant areas of natural vegetation, and agroforestry areas) early in life is inversely associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes. This association may be mediated by early exposure to environmental microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Damiano Cerrone
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehtonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lönnrot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland .,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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26
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Laitinen OH, Kuusela TP, Kukkurainen S, Nurminen A, Sinkkonen A, Hytönen VP. Bacterial avidins are a widely distributed protein family in Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33836663 PMCID: PMC8033661 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avidins are biotin-binding proteins commonly found in the vertebrate eggs. In addition to streptavidin from Streptomyces avidinii, a growing number of avidins have been characterized from divergent bacterial species. However, a systematic research concerning their taxonomy and ecological role has never been done. We performed a search for avidin encoding genes among bacteria using available databases and classified potential avidins according to taxonomy and the ecological niches utilized by host bacteria. RESULTS Numerous avidin-encoding genes were found in the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The diversity of protein sequences was high and several new variants of genes encoding biotin-binding avidins were found. The living strategies of bacteria hosting avidin encoding genes fall mainly into two categories. Human and animal pathogens were overrepresented among the found bacteria carrying avidin genes. The other widespread category were bacteria that either fix nitrogen or live in root nodules/rhizospheres of plants hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial avidins are a taxonomically and ecologically diverse group mainly found in Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, associated often with plant invasiveness. Avidin encoding genes in plasmids hint that avidins may be horizontally transferred. The current survey may be used as a basis in attempts to understand the ecological significance of biotin-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja P Kuusela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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27
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Saarenpää M, Roslund MI, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Parajuli A, Hui N, Nurminen N, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Cinek O, Sinkkonen A. Do Rural Second Homes Shape Commensal Microbiota of Urban Dwellers? A Pilot Study among Urban Elderly in Finland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18073742. [PMID: 33918486 PMCID: PMC8038225 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the hygiene and biodiversity hypotheses, increased hygiene levels and reduced contact with biodiversity can partially explain the high prevalence of immune-mediated diseases in developed countries. A disturbed commensal microbiota, especially in the gut, has been linked to multiple immune-mediated diseases. Previous studies imply that gut microbiota composition is associated with the everyday living environment and can be modified by increasing direct physical exposure to biodiverse materials. In this pilot study, the effects of rural-second-home tourism were investigated on the gut microbiota for the first time. Rural-second-home tourism, a popular form of outdoor recreation in Northern Europe, North America, and Russia, has the potential to alter the human microbiota by increasing exposure to nature and environmental microbes. The hypotheses were that the use of rural second homes is associated with differences in the gut microbiota and that the microbiota related to health benefits are more diverse or common among the rural-second-home users. Based on 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing of stool samples from 10 urban elderly having access and 15 lacking access to a rural second home, the first hypothesis was supported: the use of rural second homes was found to be associated with lower gut microbiota diversity and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway levels. The second hypothesis was not supported: health-related microbiota were not more diverse or common among the second-home users. The current study encourages further research on the possible health outcomes or causes of the observed microbiological differences. Activities and diet during second-home visits, standard of equipment, surrounding environment, and length of the visits are all postulated to play a role in determining the effects of rural-second-home tourism on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Saarenpää
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Marja I. Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (N.N.); (O.H.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (N.N.); (O.H.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (N.N.); (O.H.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; (M.S.); (M.I.R.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (A.P.); (N.H.)
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
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28
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Talvenmäki H, Saartama N, Haukka A, Lepikkö K, Pajunen V, Punkari M, Yan G, Sinkkonen A, Piepponen T, Silvennoinen H, Romantschuk M. In situ bioremediation of Fenton's reaction-treated oil spill site, with a soil inoculum, slow release additives, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:20273-20289. [PMID: 33410071 PMCID: PMC8099836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A residential lot impacted by spills from a leaking light heating oil tank was treated with a combination of chemical oxidation and bioremediation to avoid technically challenging excavation. The tank left emptied in the ground was used for slow infiltration of the remediation additives to the low permeability, clayey soil. First, hydrogen peroxide and citrate chelate was added for Fenton's reaction-based chemical oxidation, resulting in a ca. 50% reduction from the initial 25,000 mg/kg average oil concentration in the soil below the tank. Part of this was likely achieved through mobilization of oily soil into the tank, which was beneficial in regards to the following biological treatment. By first adding live bacteria in a soil inoculum, and then oxygen and nutrients in different forms, an approximately 90% average reduction was achieved. To further enhance the effect, methyl-β-cyclodextrin surfactant (CD) was added, resulting finally in a 98% reduction from the initial average level. The applicability of the surfactant was based on laboratory-scale tests demonstrating that CD promoted oil degradation and, unlike pine soap, was not utilized by the bacteria as a carbon source, and thus inhibiting degradation of oils regardless of the positive effect on biological activity. The effect of CD on water solubility for different hydrocarbon fractions was tested to serve as the basis for risk assessment requirements for authorizing the use of the surfactant at the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Talvenmäki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Niina Saartama
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Nordic Envicon Oy, Huopalahdentie 24, 00350, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Haukka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. BOX 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Lepikkö
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Virpi Pajunen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. BOX 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Punkari
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- MetropoliLab Oy, Viikinkaari 4, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guoyong Yan
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Luke Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
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Vari HK, Roslund MI, Oikarinen S, Nurminen N, Puhakka R, Parajuli A, Grönroos M, Siter N, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Rajaniemi J, Rantalainen AL, Sinkkonen A. Associations between land cover categories, gaseous PAH levels in ambient air and endocrine signaling predicted from gut bacterial metagenome of the elderly. Chemosphere 2021; 265:128965. [PMID: 33248729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and human gut microbiota are associated with the modulation of endocrine signaling pathways. Independently, studies have found associations between air pollution, land cover and commensal microbiota. We are the first to estimate the interaction between land cover categories associated with air pollution or purification, PAH levels and endocrine signaling predicted from gut metagenome among urban and rural populations. The study participants were elderly people (65-79 years); 30 lived in rural and 32 in urban areas. Semi-Permeable Membrane devices were utilized to measure air PAH concentrations as they simulate the process of bioconcentration in the fatty tissues. Land cover categories were estimated using CORINE database and geographic information system. Functional orthologues for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway in endocrine system were analyzed from gut bacterial metagenome with Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes. High coverage of broad-leaved and mixed forests around the homes were associated with decreased PAH levels in ambient air, while gut functional orthologues for PPAR pathway increased along with these forest types. The difference between urban and rural PAH concentrations was not notable. However, some rural measurements were higher than the urban average, which was due to the use of heavy equipment on active farms. The provision of air purification by forests might be an important determining factor in the context of endocrine disruption potential of PAHs. Particularly broad-leaved forests around homes may reduce PAH levels in ambient air and balance pollution-induced disturbances within commensal gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- Tampere University, Faculty of Built Environment, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Tampere University, Faculty of Built Environment, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, Turku, Finland.
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30
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Roslund MI, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Gazali AM, Cinek O, Kramná L, Siter N, Vari HK, Soininen L, Parajuli A, Rajaniemi J, Kinnunen T, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba2578. [PMID: 33055153 PMCID: PMC7556828 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies. This study is the first human intervention trial in which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated to examine its effects on the commensal microbiome and immunoregulation in children. We analyzed changes in the skin and gut microbiota and blood immune markers of children during a 28-day biodiversity intervention. Children in standard urban and nature-oriented daycare centers were analyzed for comparison. The intervention diversified both the environmental and skin Gammaproteobacterial communities, which, in turn, were associated with increases in plasma TGF-β1 levels and the proportion of regulatory T cells. The plasma IL-10:IL-17A ratio increased among intervention children during the trial. Our findings suggest that biodiversity intervention enhances immunoregulatory pathways and provide an incentive for future prophylactic approaches to reduce the risk of immune-mediated diseases in urban societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ahmad M Gazali
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kramná
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathan Siter
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Laura Soininen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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31
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Parajuli A, Hui N, Puhakka R, Oikarinen S, Grönroos M, Selonen VAO, Siter N, Kramna L, Roslund MI, Vari HK, Nurminen N, Honkanen H, Hintikka J, Sarkkinen H, Romantschuk M, Kauppi M, Valve R, Cinek O, Laitinen OH, Rajaniemi J, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Yard vegetation is associated with gut microbiota composition. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136707. [PMID: 32019041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes play an essential role in the development and functioning of the human immune system. A disturbed gut microbiota composition is often associated with a number of health disorders including immune-mediated diseases. Differences in host characteristics such as ethnicity, living habit and diet have been used to explain differences in the gut microbiota composition in inter-continental comparison studies. As our previous studies imply that daily skin contact with organic gardening materials modify gut microflora, here we investigated the association between living environment and gut microbiota in a homogenous western population along an urban-rural gradient. We obtained stool samples from 48 native elderly Finns in province Häme in August and November 2015 and identified the bacterial phylotypes using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We assumed that yard vegetation and land cover classes surrounding homes explain the stool bacterial community in generalized linear mixed models. Diverse yard vegetation was associated with a reduced abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto and an increased abundance of Faecalibacterium and Prevotellaceae. The abundance of Bacteroides was positively and strongly associated with the built environment. Exclusion of animal owners did not alter the main associations. These results suggest that diverse vegetation around homes is associated with health-related changes in gut microbiota composition. Manipulation of the garden diversity, possibly jointly with urban planning, is a promising candidate for future intervention studies that aim to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Ville A O Selonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lenka Kramna
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Honkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Martin Romantschuk
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Raisa Valve
- Division of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland.
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32
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Prescott SL, Hancock T, Bland J, van den Bosch M, Jansson JK, Johnson CC, Kondo M, Katz D, Kort R, Kozyrskyj A, Logan AC, Lowry CA, Nanan R, Poland B, Robinson J, Schroeck N, Sinkkonen A, Springmann M, Wright RO, Wegienka G. Eighth Annual Conference of inVIVO Planetary Health: From Challenges to Opportunities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16214302. [PMID: 31694316 PMCID: PMC6861902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
inVIVO Planetary Health (inVIVO) is a progressive scientific movement providing evidence, advocacy, and inspiration to align the interests and vitality of people, place, and planet. Our goal is to transform personal and planetary health through awareness, attitudes, and actions, and a deeper understanding of how all systems are interconnected and interdependent. Here, we present the abstracts and proceedings of our 8th annual conference, held in Detroit, Michigan in May 2019, themed “From Challenges, to Opportunities”. Our far-ranging discussions addressed the complex interdependent ecological challenges of advancing global urbanization, including the biopsychosocial interactions in our living environment on physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing, together with the wider community and societal factors that govern these. We had a strong solutions focus, with diverse strategies spanning from urban-greening and renewal, nature-relatedness, nutritional ecology, planetary diets, and microbiome rewilding, through to initiatives for promoting resilience, positive emotional assets, traditional cultural narratives, creativity, art projects for personal and community health, and exploring ways of positively shifting mindsets and value systems. Our cross-sectoral agenda underscored the importance and global impact of local initiatives everywhere by contributing to new normative values as part of a global interconnected grass-roots movement for planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Prescott
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Childrens Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10704, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Trevor Hancock
- School of Public Health and Social Policy (retired), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey Bland
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute, Tacoma, WA 98443, USA;
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA;
| | - Christine C. Johnson
- Henry Ford Health System and Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.C.J.); (G.W.)
| | - Michelle Kondo
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA;
| | - David Katz
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Yale University, Derby, CT 06418, USA;
| | - Remco Kort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam (VUA), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anita Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Alan C. Logan
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10704, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T, Canada;
| | - Jake Robinson
- Department of Landscape, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | | | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Program, University of Helsinki, 15140 Lahti, Finland;
| | - Marco Springmann
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Henry Ford Health System and Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.C.J.); (G.W.)
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33
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Hui N, Parajuli A, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Roslund MI, Vari HK, Selonen VAO, Yan G, Siter N, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Laitinen OH, Rajaniemi J, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Temporal variation in indoor transfer of dirt-associated environmental bacteria in agricultural and urban areas. Environ Int 2019; 132:105069. [PMID: 31400602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An agricultural environment and exposure to diverse environmental microbiota has been suggested to confer protection against immune-mediated disorders. As an agricultural environment may have a protective role, it is crucial to determine whether the limiting factors in the transfer of environmental microbiota indoors are the same in the agricultural and urban environments. We explored how sampling month, garden diversity and animal ownership affected the indoor-transfer of environmental microbial community. We collected litter from standardized doormats used for 2 weeks in June and August 2015 and February 2016 and identified bacterial phylotypes using 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In February, the diversity and richness of the whole bacterial community and the relative abundance of environment-associated taxa were reduced, whereas human-associated taxa and genera containing opportunistic pathogens were enriched in the doormats. In summer, the relative abundances of several taxa associated previously with beneficial health effects were higher, particularly in agricultural areas. Surprisingly, the importance of vegetation on doormat microbiota was more observable in February, which may have resulted from snow cover that prevented contact with microbes in soil. Animal ownership increased the prevalence of genera Bacteroides and Acinetobacter in rural doormats. These findings underline the roles of season, living environment and lifestyle in the temporal variations in the environmental microbial community carried indoors. As reduced contact with diverse microbiota is a potential reason for immune system dysfunction, the results may have important implications in the etiology of immune-mediated, non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Ville A O Selonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Guoyang Yan
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.
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Belz RG, Sinkkonen A. Low toxin doses change plant size distribution in dense populations - Glyphosate exposed Hordeum vulgare as a greenhouse case study. Environ Int 2019; 132:105072. [PMID: 31401414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous intentionally released toxins persist in agricultural or natural environments at low concentrations. Such low toxin doses are regularly associated with hormesis, i.e., growth stimulation, and they are suspected to affect mortality and within-population plant size distribution in dense plant stands. However, it is not known whether all these low-dose effects exist when plants grow in soil. We exposed barley to a range of low glyphosate doses and let the plants grow in dense stands for several weeks in soil. Six experiments were done that contained altogether 10,260 seedlings in 572 pots. We evaluated if the changes in average biomass and shoot length occur at the same concentrations as do the effects on slow- and fast-growing individuals, if seed size or early vigor explains variation in the response to glyphosate, and if low toxin doses change within-population mortality. Plant biomass, length and survival of subpopulations changed at doses that did not affect mean biomass. Effects of early vigor faded early, but differences in seed size and particularly vegetative growth had impacts: fast-growing plants hardly showed hormesis, whereas hormesis was particularly strong among slow-growing individuals. Compared to the population mean, glyphosate effects started at lower doses among slow-growing individuals and at higher doses among fast-growing individuals. Several times higher doses were needed before the fast-growing individuals showed the same toxicity as most of the population. Low toxin doses regularly enhanced the growth of the smallest individuals, which reduced size variation within populations and was associated with a higher number of surviving plants. Indeed, in one experiment self-thinning was not observed at low doses that stimulated the growth of slow-growing plants. As glyphosate levels in this study match those observed in agricultural fields and natural environments, we conclude that even low-levels of agro-environmental contamination are likely to shape phenotypic response, which might lead to adaptation and cascading ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Garbenstraße 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Ecology Unit, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
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Patama M, Belz RG, Sinkkonen A. Realistic low-doses of two emerging contaminants change size distribution of an annual flowering plant population. Ecotoxicology 2019; 28:732-743. [PMID: 31250287 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
HHCB [1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran] and 4-tert-octylphenol [4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol] are widely used emerging contaminants that have the potential to cause adverse effects in the environment. The purpose of this study was to observe if and how environmentally realistic concentrations of these contaminants alter growth in plant populations. It was hypothesized that within an exposed Gypsophila elegans Bieb (annual baby's breath) population especially fast-growing seedlings are impaired even when the population mean is unaffected, and small doses can cause hormesis and, thus, an increase in shoot or root length. In a dose-response experiment, an experimental population of G. elegans was established (total 15.600 seeds, 50 seeds per replicate, 24 replicates per concentration, 5.2 seedlings/cm2) and exposed to 12 doses of HHCB or 4-tert-octylphenol. After five days, shoot and root length values were measured and population averages, as well as slow- and fast-growing subpopulations, were compared with unexposed controls. Growth responses were predominantly monophasic. HHCB seemed to selectively inhibit both root and shoot elongation among slow- and fast-growing individuals, while 4-tert-octylphenol selectively inhibited both root and shoot elongation of mainly fast-growing seedlings. The ED50 values (dose causing 50% inhibition) revealed that the slow-growing seedlings were more sensitive and fast-growing seedlings less sensitive than the average of all individuals. Although there was toxicant specific variation between the effects, selective toxicity was consistently found among both slow- and fast-growing plants starting already at concentrations of 0.0067 µM, that are usually considered to be harmless. This study indicates that these contaminants can change size distribution of a plant population at low concentrations in the nM/µM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Patama
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Garbenstraße 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Ecology Unit, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Garbenstraße 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Ecology Unit, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
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Roslund MI, Rantala S, Oikarinen S, Puhakka R, Hui N, Parajuli A, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Rantalainen AL, Sinkkonen A. Endocrine disruption and commensal bacteria alteration associated with gaseous and soil PAH contamination among daycare children. Environ Int 2019; 130:104894. [PMID: 31220749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority environmental pollutants that cause adverse health effects. PAHs belong to endocrine signaling disruptors to which children are sensitive to. Recent evidence suggests that PAH pollution alters the abundance of environmental bacteria that is associated with health outcomes. The alteration of environmental and commensal microbiota by PAH pollution has never been connected to endocrine signaling pathways. To estimate the risk of endocrine disruption in daycare children, we measured PAHs from soil and air of eleven urban daycare centres in Finland. We analyzed daycare yards' soil and children's gut and skin bacterial communities with 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and used Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes database to categorize endocrine signaling pathways. We also assessed the PAH hazard to children's health based on the current risk assesments. We observed associations between signaling pathways in endocrine system and gaseous PAH levels in ambient air. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and adipocytokine signaling pathway decreased with higher chrysene concentration in the air. Soil PAH contamination was associated with altered Actinobacteria, Bacteoridetes and Proteobacteria communities on children's skin and in daycare yard soil. However, adjusted genera were not the same in soil and on skin, with the exception of Mycobacterium that was associated with higher PAH concentrations both in soil and on the skin. Even though fluoranhtene levels were above the current threshold values, total PAHs were below safety threshold values and based on current risk assessments there is a minor risk for child health. Our findings indicate that PAH concentrations that are considered safe may interfere with endocrine signaling by commensal microbiota and alter both environmental and commensal bacterial communities. The imbalance in human microbiota and the decrease in signaling pathways may contribute to emerging public health problems, including inflammatory disorders, obesity and diabetes. Therefore, the optimal risk assessments of PAHs and theoretically also other contaminants shaping commensal microbiota may need to take into account the possibility of the disruption of endocrine signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Sonja Rantala
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
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Liu X, Selonen V, Steffen K, Surakka M, Rantalainen AL, Romantschuk M, Sinkkonen A. Meat and bone meal as a novel biostimulation agent in hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2019; 225:574-578. [PMID: 30901652 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with diesel oil is frequent and methods to improve remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils are urgently needed. The aim of the current study was to assess the potential of meat and bone meal (MBM) as a biostimulation agent to enhance diesel oil degradation in contaminated soils collected from southern Finland. MBM (2% w/w) increased oil degradation in soils when compared to natural attenuation. The increase was comparable to soils treated with a traditional fertilizer (urea). Soil pH increased rapidly in urea treated soil but remained at the level of natural attenuation in MBM treated soil, suggesting that in large-scale experiments MBM treated soils avoid the usual negative impact of urea on soil pH and ultimately microbial degradation. These results indicate that MBM addition enhances diesel oil degradation, and that MBM speeds up ex situ bioremediation of oil contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
| | - Ville Selonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Kari Steffen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mea Surakka
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
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Hui N, Grönroos M, Roslund MI, Parajuli A, Vari HK, Soininen L, Laitinen OH, Sinkkonen A. Diverse Environmental Microbiota as a Tool to Augment Biodiversity in Urban Landscaping Materials. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 30967847 PMCID: PMC6438878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities typically lead to simplified urban diversity, which in turn reduces microbial exposure and increases the risk to urban dwellers from non-communicable diseases. To overcome this, we developed a microbial inoculant from forest and agricultural materials that resembles microbiota in organic soils. Three different sand materials (sieved, safety, and sandbox) commonly used in playgrounds and other public spaces were enriched with 5% of the inoculant. Skin microbiota on fingers (identified from bacterial 16S rDNA determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing) was compared after touching non-enriched and microbial inoculant-enriched sands. Exposure to the non-enriched materials changed the skin bacterial community composition in distinct ways. When the inoculant was added to the materials, the overall shift in community composition was larger and the differences between different sand materials almost disappeared. Inoculant-enriched sand materials increased bacterial diversity and richness but did not affect evenness at the OTU level on skin. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was higher after touching inoculant-enriched compared to non-enriched sand materials. The relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens on skin was 40–50% before touching sand materials, but dropped to 14 and 4% after touching standard and inoculant-enriched sand materials, respectively. When individual genera were analyzed, Pseudomonas sp. and Sphingomonas sp. were more abundant after touching standard, non-enriched sand materials, while only the relative abundance of Chryseobacterium sp. increased after touching the inoculant-enriched materials. As Chryseobacterium is harmless for healthy persons, and as standard landscaping materials and normal skin contain genera that include severe pathogens, the inoculant-enriched materials can be considered safe. Microbial inoculants could be specifically created to increase the proportion of non-pathogenic bacterial taxa and minimize the transfer of pathogenic taxa. We recommend further study into the usability of inoculant-enriched materials and their effects on the bacterial community composition of human skin and on the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hui
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Laura Soininen
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Nature-Based Solutions Research Group, Ecology and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Roslund MI, Hyoty H, Rajaniemi J, Puhakka R, Gronroos M, Parajuli A, Siter N, Nurminen N, Lin J, Oikarinen S, Laitinen OH, Sinkkonen A. Health promoting materials to manage urban pollution and immune-mediated diseases. J Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Belz RG, Patama M, Sinkkonen A. Low doses of six toxicants change plant size distribution in dense populations of Lactuca sativa. Sci Total Environ 2018; 631-632:510-523. [PMID: 29529439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxicants are known to have negligible or stimulatory, i.e. hormetic, effects at low doses below those that decrease the mean response of a plant population. Our earlier observations indicated that at such low toxicant doses the growth of very fast- and slow-growing seedlings is selectively altered, even if the population mean remains constant. Currently, it is not known how common these selective low-dose effects are, whether they are similar among fast- and slow-growing seedlings, and whether they occur concurrently with hormetic effects. We tested the response of Lactuca sativa in complete dose-response experiments to six different toxicants at doses that did not decrease population mean and beyond. The tested toxicants were IAA, parthenin, HHCB, 4-tert-octylphenol, glyphosate, and pelargonic acid. Each experiment consisted of 14,400-16,800 seedlings, 12-14 concentrations, 24 replicates per concentration and 50 germinated seeds per replicate. We analyzed the commonness of selective low-dose effects and explored if toxic effects and hormetic stimulation among fast- and slow-growing individuals occurred at the same concentrations as they occur at the population level. Irrespective of the observed response pattern and toxicant, selective low-dose effects were found. Toxin effects among fast-growing individuals usually started at higher doses compared to the population mean, while the opposite was found among slow-growing individuals. Very low toxin exposures tended to homogenize plant populations due to selective effects, while higher, but still hormetic doses tended to heterogenize plant populations. Although the extent of observed size segregation varied with the specific toxin tested, we conclude that a dose-dependent alteration in size distribution of a plant population may generally apply for many toxin exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Garbenstraße 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Marjo Patama
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Garbenstraße 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Ecology Unit, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Ecology Unit, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
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41
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Mikkonen A, Yläranta K, Tiirola M, Dutra LAL, Salmi P, Romantschuk M, Copley S, Ikäheimo J, Sinkkonen A. Successful aerobic bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with higher chlorinated phenols by indigenous degrader bacteria. Water Res 2018; 138:118-128. [PMID: 29574199 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The xenobiotic priority pollutant pentachlorophenol has been used as a timber preservative in a polychlorophenol bulk synthesis product containing also tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol. Highly soluble chlorophenol salts have leaked into groundwater, causing severe contamination of large aquifers. Natural attenuation of higher-chlorinated phenols (HCPs: pentachlorophenol + tetrachlorophenol) at historically polluted sites has been inefficient, but a 4-year full scale in situ biostimulation of a chlorophenol-contaminated aquifer by circulation and re-infiltration of aerated groundwater was remarkably successful: pentachlorophenol decreased from 400 μg L-1 to <1 μg L-1 and tetrachlorophenols from 4000 μg L-1 to <10 μg L-1. The pcpB gene, the gene encoding pentachlorophenol hydroxylase - the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the only fully characterised aerobic HCP degradation pathway - was present in up to 10% of the indigenous bacteria already 4 months after the start of aeration. The novel quantitative PCR assay detected the pcpB gene in situ also in the chlorophenol plume of another historically polluted aquifer with no remediation history. Hotspot groundwater HCPs from this site were degraded efficiently during a 3-week microcosm incubation with one-time aeration but no other additives: from 5400 μg L-1 to 1200 μg L-1 and to 200 μg L-1 in lightly and fully aerated microcosms, respectively, coupled with up to 2400% enrichment of the pcpB gene. Accumulation of lower-chlorinated metabolites was observed in neither in situ remediation nor microcosms, supporting the assumption that HCP removal was due to the aerobic degradation pathway where the first step limits the mineralisation rate. Our results demonstrate that bacteria capable of aerobic mineralisation of xenobiotic pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol can be present at long-term polluted groundwater sites, making bioremediation by simple aeration a viable and economically attractive alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Mikkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Kati Yläranta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lara Ambrosio Leal Dutra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Salmi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9 C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, Russia
| | - Shelley Copley
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, CO 80309 Boulder, United States
| | | | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
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Grönroos M, Parajuli A, Laitinen OH, Roslund MI, Vari HK, Hyöty H, Puhakka R, Sinkkonen A. Short-term direct contact with soil and plant materials leads to an immediate increase in diversity of skin microbiota. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00645. [PMID: 29808965 PMCID: PMC6436432 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune‐mediated diseases have increased during the last decades in urban environments. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that increased hygiene level and reduced contacts with natural biodiversity are related to the increase in immune‐mediated diseases. We tested whether short‐time contact with microbiologically diverse nature‐based materials immediately change bacterial diversity on human skin. We tested direct skin contact, as two volunteers rubbed their hands with sixteen soil and plant based materials, and an exposure via fabric packets filled with moss material. Skin swabs were taken before and after both exposures. Next‐generation sequencing showed that exposures increased, at least temporarily, the total diversity of skin microbiota and the diversity of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Alpha‐, Beta‐ and Gammaproteobacteria suggesting that contact with nature‐based materials modify skin microbiome and increase skin microbial diversity. Until now, approaches to cure or prevent immune system disorders using microbe‐based treatments have been limited to use of a few microbial species. We propose that nature‐based materials with high natural diversity, such as the materials tested here, might be more effective in modifying human skin microbiome, and eventually, in reducing immune system disorders. Future studies should investigate how long‐term changes in skin microbiota are achieved and if the exposure induces beneficial changes in the immune system markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Nurminen N, Lin J, Grönroos M, Puhakka R, Kramna L, Vari HK, Viskari H, Oikarinen S, Roslund M, Parajuli A, Tyni I, Cinek O, Laitinen O, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Nature-derived microbiota exposure as a novel immunomodulatory approach. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:737-744. [PMID: 29771153 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Current attempts to modulate the human microbiota and immune responses are based on probiotics or human-derived bacterial transplants. We investigated microbial modulation by soil and plant-based material. MATERIALS & METHODS We performed a pilot study in which healthy adults were exposed to the varied microbial community of a soil- and plant-based material. RESULTS The method was safe and feasible; exposure was associated with an increase in gut microbial diversity. CONCLUSION If these findings are reproduced in larger studies nature-derived microbial exposure strategies could be further developed for testing their efficacy in the treatment and prevention of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Nurminen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jake Lin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.,Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Lenka Kramna
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heli K Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Hanna Viskari
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Iiris Tyni
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & University Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olli Laitinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Arvo Ylpön katu 4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
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Roslund MI, Grönroos M, Rantalainen AL, Jumpponen A, Romantschuk M, Parajuli A, Hyöty H, Laitinen O, Sinkkonen A. Half-lives of PAHs and temporal microbiota changes in commonly used urban landscaping materials. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4508. [PMID: 29576975 PMCID: PMC5863720 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in urban soils, and PAH contamination can change soil microbial community composition. Environmental microbiota is associated with human commensal microbiota, immune system and health. Therefore, studies investigating the degradation of PAHs, and the consequences of soil pollution on microbial communities in urban landscaping materials, are crucial. Methods Four landscaping materials (organic matter 1, 2, 13 and 56%) were contaminated with PAHs commonly found at urban sites (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene) in PAH concentrations that reflect urban soils in Finland (2.4 µg g -1 soil dry weight). PAHs were analyzed initially and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Half-lives of PAHs were determined based on 12-weeks degradation. Bacterial communities were analyzed at 1 and 12 weeks after contamination using Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Results Half-lives ranged from 1.5 to 4.4 weeks for PAHs with relatively low molecular weights (phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) in landscaping materials containing 1–2% organic matter. In contrast, in materials containing 13% and 56% organic matter, the half-lives ranged from 2.5 to 52 weeks. Shorter half-lives of phenanthrene and fluoranthene were thus associated with low organic matter content. The half-life of pyrene was inversely related to the relative abundance of Beta-, Delta- and Gammaproteobacteria, and diversity of Bacteroidetes and Betaprotebacteria. Compounds with higher molecular weights followed compound-specific patterns. Benzo(b)fluoranthene was resistant to degradation and half-life of chrysene was shorter when the relative abundance of Betaproteobacteria was high. Temporal microbiota changes involved increase in the relative abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and decrease in genera Flavobacterium and Rhodanobacter. Exposure to PAHs seems to adjust microbial community composition, particularly within class Beta- and Deltaproteobacteria. Conclusions In this study, PAH degradation depended on the organic matter content and bacterial community composition of landscaping materials. Contamination seems to alter bacterial community composition in landscaping materials depending on material type. This alteration includes changes in bacterial phyla associated with human health and immune system. This may open new possibilities for managing urban environments by careful selection of landscaping materials, to benefit health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anna-Lea Rantalainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Kansas, Manhattan, United States of America
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Parajuli A, Grönroos M, Siter N, Puhakka R, Vari HK, Roslund MI, Jumpponen A, Nurminen N, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Rajaniemi J, Sinkkonen A. Urbanization Reduces Transfer of Diverse Environmental Microbiota Indoors. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:84. [PMID: 29467728 PMCID: PMC5808279 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding urbanization is a major factor behind rapidly declining biodiversity. It has been proposed that in urbanized societies, the rarity of contact with diverse environmental microbiota negatively impacts immune function and ultimately increases the risk for allergies and other immune-mediated disorders. Surprisingly, the basic assumption that urbanization reduces exposure to environmental microbiota and its transfer indoors has rarely been examined. We investigated if the land use type around Finnish homes affects the diversity, richness, and abundance of bacterial communities indoors. Debris deposited on standardized doormats was collected in 30 rural and 26 urban households in and near the city of Lahti, Finland, in August 2015. Debris was weighed, bacterial community composition determined by high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform, and the percentage of four different land use types (i.e., built area, forest, transitional, and open area) within 200 m and 2000 m radiuses from each household was characterized. The quantity of doormat debris was inversely correlated with coverage of built area. The diversity of total bacterial, Proteobacterial, Actinobacterial, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes communities decreased as the percentage of built area increased. Their richness followed the same pattern except for Firmicutes for which no association was observed. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and particularly Gammaproteobacteria increased, whereas that of Actinobacteria decreased with increasing built area. Neither Phylum Firmicutes nor Bacteroidetes varied with coverage of built area. Additionally, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacterial families and genera increased as the percentage of built area increased. Interestingly, having domestic animals (including pets) only altered the association between the richness of Gammaproteobacteria and diversity of Firmicutes with the built area coverage suggesting that animal ownership minimally affects transfer of environmental microbiota indoors from the living environment. These results support the hypothesis that people living in densely built areas are less exposed to diverse environmental microbiota than people living in more sparsely built areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- School of Artitechture, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heli K. Vari
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Marja I. Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli H. Laitinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- School of Artitechture, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Pacwa-Płociniczak M, Płociniczak T, Yu D, Kurola JM, Sinkkonen A, Piotrowska-Seget Z, Romantschuk M. Effect of Silene vulgaris and Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Microbial Diversity in Long-Term Contaminated Soil. Water Air Soil Pollut 2018; 229:13. [PMID: 29367788 PMCID: PMC5754377 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analysed the impact of heavy metals and plant rhizodeposition on the structure of indigenous microbial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soil that had been exposed to heavy metals for more than 150 years. Samples of the rhizosphere of Silene vulgaris and non-rhizosphere soils 250 and 450 m from the source of emission that had different metal concentrations were collected for analyses. The results showed that soils were collected 250 m from the smelter had a higher number of Cd-resistant CFU compared with the samples that were collected from 450 m, but no significant differences were observed in the number of total and oligotrophic CFU or the equivalent cell numbers between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils that were taken 250 and 450 m from the emitter. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles, as well as a cluster analysis that was generated on the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles, showed that the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere soils depended more on the plant than on the distance and metal concentrations. The sequencing of the 16S rDNA fragments that were excised from the DGGE gel revealed representatives of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the analysed soil with a predominance of the first three groups. The obtained results demonstrated that the presence of S. vulgaris did not affect the number of CFUs, except for those of Cd-resistant bacteria. However, the presence of S. vulgaris altered the soil bacterial community structure, regardless of the sampling site, which supported the thesis that plants have a higher impact on soil microbial community than metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Płociniczak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Jukka M. Kurola
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Laaksonen P, Sinkkonen A, Zaitsev G, Mäkinen E, Grönroos T, Romantschuk M. Treatment of municipal wastewater in full-scale on-site sand filter reduces BOD efficiently but does not reach requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:11446-11458. [PMID: 28316046 PMCID: PMC5393105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A traditional sand filter for treatment of household wastewater was constructed in the fall of 2012 at Biolinja 12, Turku, Finland. Construction work was led and monitored by an authorized wastewater treatment consultant. The filter was placed on a field bordered by open ditches from all sides in order to collect excess rain and snowmelt waters. The filter was constructed and insulated from the environment so that all outflowing water was accounted for. Untreated, mainly municipal, wastewater from Varissuo suburb was pumped from a sewer separately via three septic tanks (volume = 1 m3 each) into the filters. Normally, wastewater was distributed to ground filters automatically according to pre-programmed schedule. Initially, the daily flow was 1200 L day-1 to reflect the average organic load of a household of five persons (load: ca 237 g day-1 BOD; 73 g day-1 total N; and 10.4 g day-1 total P). Later in the test, the flow rate was decreased first to 900 and then to 600 L day-1 to better reflect the average volume produced by five persons. Volumes of inlet wastewater as well as treated water were monitored by magnetic flow meters. Samples were withdrawn from the inlet water, from the water entering the filters after the third septic tank, and from the outflowing water. After an initial adaption time, the reductions in BOD and chemical oxygen demand were constantly between 92 and 98%, showing that the biological degradation process in the filters functioned optimally and clearly comply with the national and EU standards. The reduction in total nitrogen and total phosphorus, however, reached required levels only during the first months of testing, apparently when buildup of microbial biomass was still ongoing. After this initial period of 3 months showing satisfactory reduction levels, the reduction of total nitrogen varied between 5 and 25% and total phosphorus mostly between 50 and 65%. Nitrification was efficient in the filter, but as indicated by high nitrate levels and poor nitrogen reductions, denitrification was inefficient or absent. During the winter period, the temperature in the filter dropped to near freezing, but at all time points, the flow of water was unaffected by freezing. During snowmelt and heavy rain, occasional flooding was observed. Such situations may lead to dilution rather than purification of the wastewater. In conclusion, the sand filter tested worked well for reduction of the organic load in municipal wastewater but failed to sufficiently reduce nitrogen and phosphorus levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
| | | | - Esa Mäkinen
- Tekno-Forest Ltd, Kynttilätie 3, 11710 Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Timo Grönroos
- Turun Rakentajapalvelu, Puolaajankuja 13, 20660 Littoinen, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russia
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Wang Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sinkkonen A, Wang S, Tu J, Wei D, Dong H, Wang Y. Microbial Community of High Arsenic Groundwater in Agricultural Irrigation Area of Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1917. [PMID: 27999565 PMCID: PMC5138239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities can play important role in arsenic release in groundwater aquifers. To investigate the microbial communities in high arsenic groundwater aquifers in agricultural irrigation area, 17 groundwater samples with different arsenic concentrations were collected along the agricultural drainage channels of Hangjinhouqi County, Inner Mongolia and examined by illumina MiSeq sequencing approach targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Both principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering results indicated that these samples were divided into two groups (high and low arsenic groups) according to the variation of geochemical characteristics. Arsenic concentrations showed strongly positive correlations with NH4+ and total organic carbon (TOC). Sequencing results revealed that a total of 329–2823 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed at the 97% OTU level. Microbial richness and diversity of high arsenic groundwater samples along the drainage channels were lower than those of low arsenic groundwater samples but higher than those of high arsenic groundwaters from strongly reducing areas. The microbial community structure in groundwater along the drainage channels was different from those in strongly reducing arsenic-rich aquifers of Hetao Plain and other high arsenic groundwater aquifers including Bangladesh, West Bengal, and Vietnam. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas dominated with high percentages in both high and low arsenic groundwaters. Alishewanella, Psychrobacter, Methylotenera, and Crenothrix showed relatively high abundances in high arsenic groundwater, while Rheinheimera and the unidentified OP3 were predominant populations in low arsenic groundwater. Archaeal populations displayed a low occurrence and mainly dominated by methanogens such as Methanocorpusculum and Methanospirillum. Microbial community compositions were different between high and low arsenic groundwater samples based on the results of principal coordinate analysis and co-inertia analysis. Other geochemical variables including TOC, NH4+, oxidation-reduction potential, and Fe might also affect the microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of GeosciencesWuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of GeosciencesWuhan, China
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiLahti, Finland; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, BerkeleyCA, USA
| | - Shi Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Jin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, China
| | - Hailiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of GeosciencesWuhan, China; Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, OxfordOH, USA
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of GeosciencesWuhan, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of GeosciencesWuhan, China
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Belz RG, Sinkkonen A. Selective toxin effects on faster and slower growing individuals in the formation of hormesis at the population level - A case study with Lactuca sativa and PCIB. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:1205-1214. [PMID: 27267716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant populations have large phenotypic plasticity that enhances acclimation to local stress factors such as toxin exposures. While consequences of high toxin exposures are well addressed, effects of low-dose toxin exposures on plant populations are seldom investigated. In particular, the importance of 'selective low-dose toxicity' and hormesis, i.e. stimulatory effects, has not been studied simultaneously. Since selective toxicity can change the size distribution of populations, we assumed that hormesis alters the size distribution at the population level, and investigated whether and how these two low-dose phenomena coexist. The study was conducted with Lactuca sativa L. exposed to the auxin-inhibitor 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid (PCIB) in vitro. In two separate experiments, L. sativa was exposed to 12 PCIB doses in 24 replicates (50 plants/replicate). Shoot/root growth responses at the population level were compared to the fast-growing (≥90% percentile) and the slow-growing subpopulations (≤10% percentile) by Mann-Whitney U testing and dose-response modelling. In the formation of pronounced PCIB hormesis at the population level, low-dose effects proved selective, but widely stimulatory which seems to counteract low-dose selective toxicity. The selectivity of hormesis was dose- and growth rate-dependent. Stimulation occurred at lower concentrations and stimulation percentage was higher among slow-growing individuals, but partly or entirely masked at the population level by moderate or negligible stimulation among the faster growing individuals. We conclude that the hormetic effect up to the maximum stimulation may be primarily facilitated by an increase in size of the most slow-growing individuals, while thereafter it seems that mainly the fast-growing individuals contributed to the observed hormesis at the population level. As size distribution within a population is related to survival, our study hints that selective effects on slow- and fast-growing individuals may change population dynamics, providing that similar effects can be repeated under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, Agroecology Unit, Garbenstraße 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Ecology Unit, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
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Płociniczak T, Sinkkonen A, Romantschuk M, Sułowicz S, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Rhizospheric Bacterial Strain Brevibacterium casei MH8a Colonizes Plant Tissues and Enhances Cd, Zn, Cu Phytoextraction by White Mustard. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:101. [PMID: 26909087 PMCID: PMC4754770 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a serious problem in the world. Phytoextraction, which is one of the plant-based technologies, has attracted the most attention for the bioremediation of soils polluted with these contaminants. The aim of this study was to determine whether the multiple-tolerant bacterium, Brevibacterium casei MH8a isolated from the heavy metal-contaminated rhizosphere soil of Sinapis alba L., is able to promote plant growth and enhance Cd, Zn, and Cu uptake by white mustard under laboratory conditions. Additionally, the ability of the rifampicin-resistant spontaneous mutant of MH8a to colonize plant tissues and its mechanisms of plant growth promotion were also examined. In order to assess the ecological consequences of bioaugmentation on autochthonous bacteria, the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used. The MH8a strain exhibited the ability to produce ammonia, 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, indole 3-acetic acid and HCN but was not able to solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce siderophores. Introduction of MH8a into soil significantly increased S. alba biomass and the accumulation of Cd (208%), Zn (86%), and Cu (39%) in plant shoots in comparison with those grown in non-inoculated soil. Introduced into the soil, MH8a was able to enter the plant and was found in the roots and leaves of inoculated plants thus indicating its endophytic features. PLFA analysis revealed that the MH8a that was introduced into soil had a temporary influence on the structure of the autochthonous bacterial communities. The plant growth-promoting features of the MH8a strain and its ability to enhance the metal uptake by white mustard and its long-term survival in soil as well as its temporary impact on autochthonous microorganisms make the strain a suitable candidate for the promotion of plant growth and the efficiency of phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Płociniczak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Tomasz Płociniczak,
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiLahti, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiLahti, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Sławomir Sułowicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
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