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Komal, Soni D, Singh K, Aggarwal SG. Comparative measurement of CO 2, CH 4 and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:314-329. [PMID: 38408831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan cities. This study aims to see the correlation of CO2, CH4, and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons' winter, summer, and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes, road patterns, and traffic management. The annual average morning concentration of CO2, CH4 and CO was found (533 ± 105), (7.3 ± 3.1), (10.7 ± 3.0) ppm at Najafgarh and (480 ± 70), (5.2 ± 1.8), (7.8 ± 2.8) ppm at Rajendra Place, respectively. A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram. A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial (location) and temporal (diurnal) distribution. The concentration trend of CO2 in different seasons is winter > summer > monsoon, while in the case of CH4 winter = summer > monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO case. It is observed that CO2 has a good relation with CO (a tracer for vehicular emission) in terms of diurnal variation, whereas, CH4 does not represent a relation with CO and CO2 diurnally, suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO2 but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Daya Soni
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Khem Singh
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shankar G Aggarwal
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Hu S, Feng W, Shen Y, Jin X, Miao Y, Hou S, Cui H, Zhu H. Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172296. [PMID: 38588732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Weidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yaqin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China.
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3
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Liang ZH, Wang Y, Zhao HY, Fu TT, Liu YQ, Zhang K, Wang YN, Ouyang HL, Yin JN. Improving water quality and mitigating CH 4 and N 2O production in urban landscape water simultaneously by optimizing calcium peroxide dosage. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172270. [PMID: 38583627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies show that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban landscape water are significant and cannot be overlooked, underscoring the need to develop effective strategies for mitigating GHG production from global freshwater systems. Calcium peroxide (CaO2) is commonly used as an eco-friendly reagent for controlling eutrophication in water bodies, but whether CaO2 can reduce GHG emissions remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of CaO2 dosage on the production of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in urban landscape water under anoxic conditions during summer. The findings reveal that CaO2 addition not only improved the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of simulated urban landscape water but also reduced N2O production by inhibiting the activity of denitrifying bacteria across various dosages. Moreover, CaO2 exhibited selective effects on methanogens. Specifically, the abundance of acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta and methylotrophic methanogen Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum increased whereas the abundance of the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanoregula decreased at low, medium, and high dosages, leading to higher CH4 production at increased CaO2 dosage. A comprehensive multi-objective evaluation indicated that an optimal dosage of 60 g CaO2/m2 achieved 41.21 % and 84.40 % reductions in CH4 and N2O production, respectively, over a 50-day period compared to the control. This paper not only introduces a novel approach for controlling the production of GHGs, such as CH4 and N2O, from urban landscape water but also suggests a methodology for optimizing CaO2 dosage, providing valuable insights for its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hao Liang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Hui-Ying Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tian-Tian Fu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yue-Ning Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hui-Long Ouyang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jia-Ni Yin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Cai Z, Hu L, Chen D, Zhang Y, Fang X. Structural characteristics and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions at county-level and long-time scales: A case study of the Anji County, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 140:319-330. [PMID: 38331511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
To achieve carbon neutrality, the Chinese government needs to gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly at the county level. Anji County in eastern China is a typical example of an industrial transformation from quarrying to a low-carbon economy. This study analyzed the decoupling types and structural characteristics of GHG emissions and the driving factors of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Anji from 2006 to 2019, and explored the differences between county-level and provincial-level or city-level results. It was observed that energy-related activities are the main source of GHG emissions in Anji and that economic development is the driving factor behind the increasing CO2 emissions. However, industrial transformation and upgradation coupled with the alternative use of clean energy limit the growth of GHG emissions. This study details the GHG emissions of county during the industrial transformation stage and provides corresponding policy recommendations for county governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiang Cai
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liting Hu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Di Chen
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anji Meteorological Bureau, Anji 313300, China
| | - Xuekun Fang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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5
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Wang L, Chang R, Ren Z, Meng X, Li Y, Gao M. Mature compost promotes biodegradable plastic degradation and reduces greenhouse gas emission during food waste composting. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172081. [PMID: 38554961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mature compost can promote the transformation of organic matter (OM) and reduce the emission of polluting gases during composting, which provides a viable approach to reduce the environmental impacts of biodegradable plastics (BPs). This study investigated the impact of mature compost on polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) degradation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and microbial community structure during composting under two treatments with mature compost (MC) and without (CK). Under MC, visible plastic rupture was advanced from day 14 to day 10, and a more pronounced rupture was observed at the end of composting. Compared with CK, the degradation rate of PBAT in MC was increased by 4.44 % during 21 days of composting. Thermobifida, Ureibacillus, and Bacillus, as indicator species under MC treatment, played an important role in PBAT decomposition. Mature compost reduced the total global warming potential (GWP) by 25.91 % via inhibiting the activity of bacteria related to the production of CH4 and N2O. Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) further revealed that mature compost addition increased relative abundance of bacteria related to multiple carbon (C) cycle functions such as methylotrophy, hydrocarbon degradation and cellulolysis, inhibited nitrite denitrification and denitrification, thus alleviating the emission of GHGs. Overall, mature compost, as an effective additive, exhibits great potential to simultaneously mitigate BP and GHG secondary pollution in co-composting of food waste and PBAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruixue Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiping Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Miao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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6
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Shen Y, Zhang C, Peng Y, Ran X, Liu K, Shi W, Wu W, Zhao Y, Liu W, Ding Y, Tang S. Effects of warming on rice production and metabolism process associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172133. [PMID: 38569960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating the impact of global warming on rice production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical for ensuring food security and mitigating the consequences of climate change. Nonetheless, the impacts of warming on crop production, GHG emissions, and microbial mechanisms in the single-cropping rice systems remain unclear. Here, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of warming (increased by 2.7-3.0 °C on average) in the rice growing season on crop production and functional microorganisms associated with GHG emissions. Results showed that warming resulted in significant reduction (p < 0.01) in the aboveground biomass and grain yield as well as in grain weight, the number of spikelets per panicle, and the seed-setting rate. However, it caused a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the number of panicles by 15.6 % and 34.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, warming significantly increased (p < 0.01) seasonal methane (CH4) emissions but reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, particularly in 2022.The relative abundance of genes associated with CH4 metabolism and nitrogen metabolism was increased by 40.7 % and 32.7 %, respectively, in response to warming. Moreover, warming had a positive impact on the abundance of genes related to CH4 production and oxidation processes but did not affect the denitrification processes associated with N2O production. These results showed that warming decreased rice yield and biomass in the single cropping rice system but increased CH4 emissions and global warming potential. Taken together, to address the increasing food demand of a growing population and mitigate the impacts of global warming, it is imperative to duce GHG emissions and enhance crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shen
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xuan Ran
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Ke Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Wentao Shi
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yufei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - She Tang
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
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Tobias-Hünefeldt SP, van Beusekom JEE, Russnak V, Dähnke K, Streit WR, Grossart HP. Seasonality, rather than estuarine gradient or particle suspension/sinking dynamics, determines estuarine carbon distributions. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171962. [PMID: 38537819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Estuaries are important components of the global carbon cycle; exchanging carbon between aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial environments, representing important loci for blue carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. However, how estuarine gradients affect sinking/suspended particles, and dissolved organic matter dynamic interactions remains unexplored. We fractionated suspended/sinking particles to assess and characterise carbon fate differences. We investigated bacterial colonisation (SYBR Green I) and exopolymer concentrations (TEP/CSP) with microscopy staining techniques. C/H/N and dry weight analysis identified particle composition differences. Meanwhile, nutrient and carbon analysis, and excitation and emission matrix evaluations with a subsequent parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis characterised dissolved organic matter. The lack of clear salinity driven patterns in our study are presumably due to strong mixing forces and high particle heterogeneity along the estuary, with only density differences between suspended and sinking particles. Elbe estuary particles' organic portion is made up of marine-like (sinking) and terrestrial-like (suspended) signatures. Salinity did not have a significant role in microbial degradation and carbon composition, although brackish estuary portions were more biologically active. Indicative of increased degradation rates, leading to decreased greenhouse gas emissions, which are especially relevant for estuaries, with their disproportionate greenhouse gas emissions. Bacterial colonisation decreased seawards, indicative of decreased degradation, and shifts in microbial community composition and functions. Our findings span diverse strands of research, concerning steady carbon contributions from both marine and terrestrial sources, carbon aromaticity, humification index, and bioavailability. Their integration highlights the importance of the Elbe estuary as a model system, providing robust information for future policy decisions affecting dissolved and particulate matter dynamics within the Elbe Estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven P Tobias-Hünefeldt
- Dept. Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur Alten Fischerhuette 2, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany; Dept. of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststraße 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany.
| | - Justus E E van Beusekom
- Inst. of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Vanessa Russnak
- Inst. of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Kirstin Dähnke
- Inst. of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Dept. of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststraße 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Dept. Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur Alten Fischerhuette 2, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany; Inst. of Biology and Biochemistry, Potsdam University, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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Cui H, Zhu H, Zhang FM, Wang XY, Hou SN, Feng WD. Soil amendments reduce CH 4 and CO 2 but increase N 2O and NH 3 emissions in saline-alkali paddy fields. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171673. [PMID: 38479519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Limited research has been conducted on ammonia (NH3) volatilization and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in saline-alkali paddy fields, along with complex interaction involving various genes (16sRNA, amoA, narG, nirK, nosZ, and nifH). This study employed mesocosm-scale experiment to investigate NH3 volatilization and GHGs emissions, focusing on bacterial communities and genic abundance, in saline-alkali paddy fields with desulfurized gypsum (DG) and organic fertilizer (OF) amendments. Compared to the control (CK) treatment, DG and OF treatments reduced methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 78.05 % and 26.18 %, and 65.84 % and 11.62 %, respectively. However, these treatments increased NH3 volatilization by 26.26 % and 45.23 %, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission by 41.00 % and 12.31 %. Notably, NH3 volatilization primarily stemmed from ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), rather than total nitrogen (TN) in soil and water. N2O was mainly produced from nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in soil and water, as well as NH4+-N in water. The increase in NH3 volatilization and N2O emission in DG and OF treatments, was attributed to the reduced competition among bacterial communities, rather than the increased bacterial activity and genic copies. These findings offer valuable insights for managing nutrient loss and gaseous emissions in saline-alkali paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Fu-Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Wei-Dong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Ayotte SH, Allen CR, Parker A, Stein OR, Lauchnor EG. Greenhouse gas production from an intermittently dosed cold-climate wastewater treatment wetland. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171484. [PMID: 38462002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from a two-stage, cold-climate vertical-flow treatment wetland (TW) treating ski area wastewater at 3 °C average water temperature. The system is designed like a modified Ludzack-Ettinger process with the first stage a partially saturated, denitrifying TW followed by an unsaturated nitrifying TW and recycle of nitrified effluent. An intermittent wastewater dosing scheme was established for both stages, with alternating carbon-rich wastewater and nitrate-rich recycle to the first stage. The system has demonstrated effective chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal in high-strength wastewater over seven years of winter operation. Following two closed-loop, intensive GHG winter sampling campaigns at the TW, the magnitude of N2O flux was 2.2 times higher for denitrification than nitrification. CH4 and N2O emissions were strongly correlated with hydraulic loading, whereas CO2 was correlated with surface temperature. GHG fluxes from each stage were related to both microbial activity and off-gassing of dissolved species during wastewater dosing, thus the time of sampling relative to dosing strongly influenced observed fluxes. These results suggest that estimates of GHG fluxes from TWs may be biased if mass transfer and mechanisms of wastewater application are not considered. Emission factors for N2O and CH4 were 0.27 % as kg-N2O-N/kg-TINremoved and 0.04 % kg-CH4-C/kg-CODremoved, respectively. The system had observed seasonal emissions of 600.5 kg CO2 equivalent of GHGs estimated over 130-days of operation. These results indicate a need for wastewater treatment processes to mitigate GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ayotte
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - C R Allen
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - O R Stein
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E G Lauchnor
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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10
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González PF, Presno MJ, Landajo M. Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an LMDI decomposition model: A global and sectoral approach. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:114-122. [PMID: 38105039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this century. In this paper we pursue two objectives. First, we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008-2018, at both the global and sectoral levels, with the variation in emissions decomposed into a set of determining factors. Second, we propose several actions specifically oriented to more tightly controlling the level of emissions. Our results showed a remarkable reduction (18.44%) in GHG emissions, mainly due to the intensity effect, but also to the production-per-capita effect. We detected somewhat different patterns among the various sectors analyzed. While the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural, transport, and others sectors, the production-per-capita effect was predominant in the case of industry. The carbonization effect was revealed as crucial in the commerce sector. The above findings highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy, also pointing to the need to deepen those strategies and to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in emissions. Additional efforts in areas like innovation, R&D, diffusion of more eco-friendly technologies, and a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential reduction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández González
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Oviedo, Avda del Cristo, s/n 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María José Presno
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Oviedo, Avda del Cristo, s/n 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Landajo
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Oviedo, Avda del Cristo, s/n 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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11
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Liu Y, Wang X, Wen Y, Cai H, Song X, Zhang Z. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil greenhouse gas emissions: A systematic review. Environ Res 2024; 248:118386. [PMID: 38316387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In the context of global warming, increasingly widespread and frequent freezing and thawing cycles (FTCs) will have profound effects on the biogeochemical cycling of soil carbon and nitrogen. FTCs can increase soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by reducing the stability of soil aggregates, promoting the release of dissolved organic carbon, decreasing the number of microorganisms, inducing cell rupture, and releasing carbon and nitrogen nutrients for use by surviving microorganisms. However, the similarity and disparity of the mechanisms potentially contributing to changes in GHGs have not been systematically evaluated. The present study consolidates the most recent findings on the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen, as well as GHGs, in relation to FTCs. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of FTCs on soil GHGs in a systematic manner. In this study, particular emphasis is given to the following: (i) the reaction mechanism involved; (ii) variations in soil composition in different types of land (e.g., forest, peatland, farmland, and grassland); (iii) changes in soil structure in response to cycles of freezing temperatures; (iv) alterations in microbial biomass and community structure that may provide further insight into the fluctuations in GHGs after FTCs. The challenges identified included the extension of laboratory-scale research to ecosystem scales, the performance of in-depth investigation of the coupled effects of carbon, nitrogen, and water in the freeze-thaw process, and analysis of the effects of FTCs through the use of integrated research tools. The results of this study can provide a valuable point of reference for future experimental designs and scientific investigations and can also assist in the analysis of the attributes of GHG emissions from soil and the ecological consequences of the factors that influence these emissions in the context of global permafrost warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Xiaochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Yujuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China; Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang, 110000, China; Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenyang, 110000, China.
| | - Haoxuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Sichuan, 610000, China.
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12
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Geng X, Yang H, Gao W, Yue J, Mu D, Wei Z. Greenhouse gas emission characteristics during kitchen waste composting with biochar and zeolite addition. Bioresour Technol 2024; 399:130575. [PMID: 38479629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic kitchen waste composting can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions and global warming. This study investigated the effects of biochar and zeolite on GHGs emissions during composting. The findings demonstrated that biochar could reduce N2O and CH4 cumulative releases by 47.7 %and 47.9 %, respectively, and zeolite could reduce the cumulative release of CO2 by 28.4 %. Meanwhile, the biochar and zeolite addition could reduce the abundance of potential core microorganisms associated with GHGs emissions. In addition, biochar and zeolite reduced N2O emissions by regulating the abundance of nitrogen conversion functional genes. Biochar and zeolite were shown to reduce the impact of bacterial communities on GHGs emissions. In summary, this study revealed that biochar and zeolite can effectively reduce GHG emissions during composting by altering the compost microenvironment and regulating microbial community structure. Such findings are valuable for facilitating high-quality resource recovery of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Geng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenfang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jieyu Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Daichen Mu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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13
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Li A, Cao X, Fu R, Guo S, Fei Q. Biocatalysis of CO 2 and CH 4: Key enzymes and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108347. [PMID: 38527656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions is a critical challenge for promoting global sustainability. The utilization of CO2 and CH4 as substrates for the production of valuable products offers a promising avenue for establishing an eco-friendly economy. Biocatalysis, a sustainable process utilizing enzymes to facilitate biochemical reactions, plays a significant role in upcycling greenhouse gases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the enzymes and associated reactions involved in the biocatalytic conversion of CO2 and CH4. Furthermore, the challenges facing the field are discussed, paving the way for future research directions focused on developing robust enzymes and systems for the efficient fixation of CO2 and CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of C1 Compound Bioconversion Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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14
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Niknam A, Sarli R, Taherizadeh M, Attarroshan S, Pourmansouri F. REDD implementation for greenhouse gas reduction and climate change mitigation in Hyrcanian forests: a case study of the Kojoor Watershed, Northern Iran. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:474. [PMID: 38662125 PMCID: PMC11045598 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is a specific strategy for combating deforestation and forest degradation to alleviate the effects of climate change. In this study, the potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction resulting from the implementation of a REDD project is estimated. Changes in forest cover throughout the years 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were analyzed using time-series Landsat imagery (TM, ETM + , and OLI) and a random forest algorithm. Multilayer perceptron neural networks were used to model the transition potential of the forest cover, which were then predicted via Markov chain analysis. The change detection analysis revealed two discernible patterns in forest cover dynamics. Between 1985 and 2000, a notable decrease in forest cover was seen, whereas from 2000 to 2020, it significantly increased. The results suggested that the absence of REDD implementation would result in the deforestation of approximately 199,569 hectares of forest cover between 2020 and 2050, leading to the release of 1,995,695 tCO2e of emissions into the atmosphere. However, with the implementation of REDD, these emissions would be reduced to 405,512 tCO2e, effectively preventing the release of 1,590,183 tCO2e of emissions into the upper atmosphere. This study demonstrates that the implementation of REDD projects can be an effective strategy for reducing GHG emissions and mitigating climate change in the Hyrcanian forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Niknam
- Department of Geoinformatics Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Reza Sarli
- Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mehrnoosh Taherizadeh
- Department of Geoinformatics Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Sina Attarroshan
- Environment Department, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourmansouri
- Department of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering, K. N, Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Somboon S, Rossopa B, Yodda S, Sukitprapanon TS, Chidthaisong A, Lawongsa P. Mitigating methane emissions and global warming potential while increasing rice yield using biochar derived from leftover rice straw in a tropical paddy soil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8706. [PMID: 38622195 PMCID: PMC11018614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The sustainable management of leftover rice straw through biochar production to mitigate CH4 emissions and enhance rice yield remains uncertain and undefined. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of using biochar derived from rice straw left on fields after harvest on greenhouse gas emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and rice yield in the paddy field. The experiment included three treatments: chemical fertilizer (CF), rice straw (RS, 10 t ha-1) + CF, and rice straw-derived biochar (BC, 3 t ha-1 based on the amount of product remaining after pyrolysis) + CF. Compared with CF, BC + CF significantly reduced cumulative CH4 and CO2 emissions, net GWP, and greenhouse gas emission intensity by 42.9%, 37.4%, 39.5%, and 67.8%, respectively. In contrast, RS + CF significantly increased cumulative CH4 emissions and net GWP by 119.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The reduced CH4 emissions were mainly caused by the addition of BC + CF, which did not increase the levels of dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, consequently resulting in reduced archaeal abundance, unlike those observed in RS + CF. The BC + CF also enhanced soil total organic carbon content and rice grain yield. This study indicated that using biochar derived from leftover rice straw mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and improves rice productivity in tropical paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowalak Somboon
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Soil Organic Matter Management Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Rossopa
- Prachin Buri Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Ban Sang, Prachin Buri, 25150, Thailand
| | - Sujitra Yodda
- Program on System Approaches in Agriculture for Sustainable Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanabhat-Sakorn Sukitprapanon
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Soil Organic Matter Management Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Amnat Chidthaisong
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Phrueksa Lawongsa
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Soil Organic Matter Management Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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16
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Zheng Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Liu P, Zhu B, Zheng Y, Li J, Chistoserdova L, Ren ZJ, Zhao F. Electrochemically coupled CH 4 and CO 2 consumption driven by microbial processes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3097. [PMID: 38600111 PMCID: PMC11006836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical transformations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases typically have high energy barriers. Here we present an approach of strategic coupling of CH4 oxidation and CO2 reduction in a switched microbial process governed by redox cycling of iron minerals under temperate conditions. The presence of iron minerals leads to an obvious enhancement of carbon fixation, with the minerals acting as the electron acceptor for CH4 oxidation and the electron donor for CO2 reduction, facilitated by changes in the mineral structure. The electron flow between the two functionally active microbial consortia is tracked through electrochemistry, and the energy metabolism in these consortia is predicted at the genetic level. This study offers a promising strategy for the removal of CH4 and CO2 in the natural environment and proposes an engineering technique for the utilization of major greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions and Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | | | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, 41 Olden St., Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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17
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Wang L, Liu X, Xin X, Wu S, Legesse TG, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Cao K, Zhu X, Shao C. The greenhouse gas emissions from meat sheep production contribute double of household consumption in a Eurasian meadow steppe. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:171014. [PMID: 38369163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy, household activities have emerged as an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making them a crucial focal point for research in the pursuit of sustainable development and carbon emission reduction. Hulunber, as a typical steppe region in eastern Eurasia, is representative of studying the GHG emissions from household ranches, which are the basic production units in this region. In this paper, based on survey data of 2018 and 2019, we quantified and assessed GHG emissions from household ranches by combining life cycle assessment (LCA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) approaches, with LCA to define household ranches system boundary and SEM to determine the key driving factors of emissions. The results showed that GHG emissions of meat sheep live weight was 23.54 kg CO2-eq/kg. The major contributor to household GHG emissions was enteric methane (55.23 %), followed by coal use (20.80 %) and manure management systems (9.16 %), and other contributing factors (14.81 %). The SEM results indicated that the GHG emissions from household ranches were derived primarily by economic level, while the economic level was significantly affected by income. This study also found a significant positive and linear correlation between household GHG emissions and the number of meat sheep (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001). The GHG emissions from meat sheep production (67.52 %) were double times greater than household livelihood consumption (32.48 %). These findings emphasized the importance of reducing emissions from meat sheep production and adjusting the energy mix of household livelihood, contributing to the establishment of a low-carbon household livelihood operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Susie Wu
- Susdatability Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaoqi Zhang
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36949, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Bayannur City Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
| | - Changliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Caijuan G, Javeed Akhtar M, Rehman HU, Khan KA. Clean energy transition and climate vulnerabilities: A comparative analysis of European and non-European developed countries. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297529. [PMID: 38578792 PMCID: PMC10997114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the world faces an existential threat of climate change, and every government across the globe is trying to come up with strategies to tackle the severity of climate change in every way possible. To this end, the use of clean energy rather than fossil fuel energy sources is critical, as it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pave the way for carbon neutrality. This study examines the impact of the energy cleanability gap on four different climate vulnerabilities, such as ecosystem, food, health, and housing vulnerabilities, considering 47 European and non-European high-income countries. The study considers samples from 2002 to 2019. This study precedes the empirical analysis in the context of a quadratic relationship between the energy cleanability gap and climate vulnerability. The study uses system-generalized methods of the moment as the main technique, while panel quantile regression is a robustness analysis. Fixed effect and random effect models have also been incorporated. The study finds that the energy cleanability gap and all four climate vulnerabilities demonstrate a U-shaped relationship in both European and non-European countries, implying that when the energy cleanability gap increases, climate vulnerability decreases, but after reaching a certain threshold, it starts to increase. Development expenditure is found to be negatively affecting food and health vulnerabilities in European nations, while it increases food vulnerability and decreases health vulnerability in non-European nations. Regarding industrialization's impact on climate vulnerabilities, the study finds opposite effects for the European and non-European economies. On the other hand, for both groups, trade openness decreases climate vulnerabilities. Based on these results, the study recommends speeding up the energy transition process from fossil fuel energy resources towards clean energy resources to obtain carbon neutrality in both European and non-European groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Caijuan
- School of Marxism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Muhammad Javeed Akhtar
- Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, Dr. Hassan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez ur Rehman
- Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, Dr. Hassan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khatib Ahmad Khan
- School of Commerce and Management Studies, Sunrise University, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
- School of Business, Xi’an International University, Xi’an, China
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Li S, Lu H, Li X, Shao Y, Tang Y, Chen G, Chen Z, Zhu Z, Zhu J, Tang L, Liang J. Toward Low-Carbon Rice Production in China: Historical Changes, Driving Factors, and Mitigation Potential. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5772-5783. [PMID: 38502924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Under the "Double Carbon" target, the development of low-carbon agriculture requires a holistic comprehension of spatially and temporally explicit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with agricultural products. However, the lack of systematic evaluation at a fine scale presents considerable challenges in guiding localized strategies for mitigating GHG emissions from crop production. Here, we analyzed the county-level carbon footprint (CF) of China's rice production from 2007 to 2018 by coupling life cycle assessment and the DNDC model. Results revealed a significant annual increase of 74.3 kg CO2-eq ha-1 in the average farm-based CF (FCF), while it remained stable for the product-based CF (PCF). The CF exhibited considerable variations among counties, ranging from 2324 to 20,768 kg CO2-eq ha-1 for FCF and from 0.36 to 3.81 kg CO2-eq kg-1 for PCF in 2018. The spatiotemporal heterogeneities of FCF were predominantly influenced by field CH4 emissions, followed by diesel consumption and soil organic carbon sequestration. Scenario analysis elucidates that the national total GHG emissions from rice production could be significantly reduced through optimized irrigation (48.5%) and straw-based biogas production (18.0%). Moreover, integrating additional strategies (e.g., advanced crop management, optimized fertilization, and biodiesel application) could amplify the overall emission reduction to 76.7% while concurrently boosting the rice yield by 11.8%. Our county-level research provides valuable insights for the formulation of targeted GHG mitigation policies in rice production, thereby advancing the pursuit of carbon-neutral agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Gaojie Chen
- College of Mathematics and Econometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zuo Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziqian Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiesong Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Frank SM, Jaacks LM, Meyer K, Rose D, Adair LS, Avery CL, Taillie LS. Dietary quality and dietary greenhouse gas emissions in the USA: a comparison of the planetary health diet index, healthy eating index-2015, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:36. [PMID: 38566176 PMCID: PMC10988877 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) measures adherence to the dietary pattern presented by the EAT-Lancet Commission, which aligns health and sustainability targets. There is a need to understand how PHDI scores correlate with dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and how this differs from the carbon footprints of scores on established dietary recommendations. The objectives of this study were to compare how the PHDI, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) relate to (a) dietary GHGE and (b) to examine the influence of PHDI food components on dietary GHGE. METHODS We used life cycle assessment data from the Database of Food Recall Impacts on the Environment for Nutrition and Dietary Studies to calculate the mean dietary GHGE of 8,128 adult participants in the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of (a) quintiles of diet score and (b) standardized dietary index Z-scores with dietary GHGE for PHDI, HEI-2015, and DASH scores. In secondary analyses, we used Poisson regression to assess the influence of individual PHDI component scores on dietary GHGE. RESULTS We found that higher dietary quality on all three indices was correlated with lower dietary GHGE. The magnitude of the dietary quality-dietary GHGE relationship was larger for PHDI [-0.4, 95% CI (-0.5, -0.3) kg CO2 equivalents per one standard deviation change] and for DASH [-0.5, (-0.4, -0.6) kg CO2-equivalents] than for HEI-2015 [-0.2, (-0.2, -0.3) kg CO2-equivalents]. When examining PHDI component scores, we found that diet-related GHGE were driven largely by red and processed meat intake. CONCLUSIONS Improved dietary quality has the potential to lower the emissions impacts of US diets. Future efforts to promote healthy, sustainable diets could apply the recommendations of the established DASH guidelines as well as the new guidance provided by the PHDI to increase their environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Frank
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Room 2107, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, Royal (DICK) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Katie Meyer
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donald Rose
- Tulane Nutrition, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Room 2107, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Room 2107, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W Franklin St, Room 2107, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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21
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Bauduin T, Gypens N, Borges AV. Seasonal and spatial variations of greenhouse gas (CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O) emissions from urban ponds in Brussels. Water Res 2024; 253:121257. [PMID: 38340702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Freshwaters have been recognized as important sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. However, urban ponds have received little attention even though their number is increasing due to expanding urbanisation globally. Ponds are frequently associated to urban green spaces that provide several ecosystemic services such as cooling local climate, regulating the water cycle, and acting as small carbon sinks This study aims to identify and understand the processes producing GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in the urban ponds of the temperate European city of Brussels in Belgium. 22 relatively small ponds (0.1-4.6 ha) surrounded by contrasted landscape (strictly urban, bordered by cropland or by forest), were sampled during four seasons in 2021-2022. The mean ± standard deviation was 3,667 ± 2,904 ppm for the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), 2,833 ± 4,178 nmol L-1 for CH4, and 273 ± 662% for N2O saturation level (%N2O). Relationships of GHGs with oxygen and water temperature suggest that biological processes controlled pCO2, CH4 concentration and%N2O. However, pCO2 was also controlled by external inputs as indicated by the higher values of pCO2 in the smaller ponds, more subject to external inputs than larger ones. The opposite was observed for CH4 concentration that was higher in larger ponds, closer to the forest in the city periphery, and with higher macrophyte cover. N2O concentrations, as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen, were higher closer to the city center, where atmospheric nitrogen deposition was potentially higher. The total GHG emissions from the Brussels ponds were estimated to 1kT CO2-eq per year and were equivalent to the carbon sink of urban green spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bauduin
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Free University of Brussels, Belgium; Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - N Gypens
- Ecology of Aquatic Systems, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
| | - A V Borges
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Belgium
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22
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Osei AK, Rezanezhad F, Oelbermann M. Impact of freeze-thaw cycles on greenhouse gas emissions in marginally productive agricultural land under different perennial bioenergy crops. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120739. [PMID: 38552522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of freeze-thaw-induced carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling and concomitant nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in perennial bioenergy crops is crucial to understanding the contribution of these crops in mitigating climate change through reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, a 49-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to compare the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on N2O and CO2 emissions in different perennial bioenergy crops [miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and willow (Salix miyabeana L.)] to a successional site and to understand the processes controlling the N2O and CO2 emissions in these crops. The results showed that freeze-thaw cycles caused a decline in dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentrations but enhanced the dissolved organic N (DON) and nitrate (NO3-). Although, freeze-thaw decreased water stable soil aggregates in all the bioenergy crops and successional site, this did not have any significant impact on N2O and CO2 emissions, suggesting that the N2O and CO2 emitted during the freeze-thaw cycles may have originated mostly from cellular materials released from lysis and death of microbial biomass rather than from soil aggregate disruption. Cumulative N2O emissions measured over the 49-day incubation period ranged from 148 mg N2O-N m-2 to 17 mg N2O-N m-2 and were highest in miscanthus followed by willow, switchgrass, and successional site. Cumulative CO2 on the other hand was highest in the successional site than any of the bioenergy crops and ranged from 25,262 mg CO2-C m-2 to 15,403 mg CO2-C m-2 after the 49 days. Higher N2O emissions in the miscanthus and willow than switchgrass and successional site were attributed to accelerated N losses as N2O. Results from our study indicate that managing perennial bioenergy crops on low productive agricultural lands to reduce freeze-thaw related GHG emissions and climate change mitigation is dependent on the crop species grown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine K Osei
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability. University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maren Oelbermann
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability. University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Reynolds T, Whitmee S, Green R, Anton B, Haines A. An umbrella review of health co-benefits from actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8 Suppl 1:S16. [PMID: 38632911 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been many modelled studies of potential health co-benefits from actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but so far there have been no large-scale attempts to compare the magnitude of health and climate effects across sectors, countries, and study designs. METHODS As part of the Pathfinder Initiative project an umbrella review of studies was done, and 26 previous reviews were identified with 57 primary studies included. Studies included in the review were required to have quantified changes in greenhouse gas emissions and health effects (or risk factors) from defined actions to reduce climate effects. Study data were extracted and harmonised by standardising impact measures per 100 000 of the national population (or urban population for city-level actions), averaging effects over a 1-year period and aggregating actions into their respective sectors by use of a predefined framework. FINDINGS From 200 mitigation actions, the majority were in the agriculture, forestry, and land use sector (103 actions [52%]), followed by the transport sector (43 actions [22%]). The largest effects on greenhouse gas emissions were seen from actions in the energy sector, and these actions also had substantial health co-benefits in lower middle-income countries, although benefits were smaller in high-income settings. The greatest health benefits were seen from actions to change diets and introduce clean cookstoves. The major pathways to health were through reduced air pollution, healthier diets, and increased physical activity from switching to active travel modes. Effect sizes tended to be larger from national modelling studies and smaller from localised or implemented actions. INTERPRETATION The potential co-benefits to health from actions to reduce climate change are large, but most evidence still comes from modelling studies and from high-income and middle-income countries. There are also major context-dependent differences in the magnitude of effects found, so actions need to be tailored to the local context and careful attention needs to be paid to potential trade-offs and spillover effects. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust and the Oak Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzin Reynolds
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sarah Whitmee
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Blanca Anton
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Gao Y, Shao Y, Wang J, Hu B, Feng H, Qu Z, Liu Z, Zhang M, Li C, Liu Y. Effects of straw returning combined with blended controlled-release urea fertilizer on crop yields, greenhouse gas emissions, and net ecosystem economic benefits: A nine-year field trial. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120633. [PMID: 38513579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although straw returning combined with blended controlled-release urea fertilizer (BUFS) has been shown to improve wheat-maize rotation system productivity, their effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon footprints (CF), and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) are still unknown. Life cycle assessment was used to investigate a long-term (2013-2022) wheat-maize rotation experiment that included straw combined with two N fertilizer types [BUFS and (conventional urea fertilizer) CUFS] and straw-free treatments (BUF and CUF). The results showed that BUFS and CUFS treatments increased the annual yield by 13.8% and 11.5%, respectively, compared to BUF and CUF treatments. The BUFS treatment increased the yearly yield by 13.8% compared to the CUFS treatment. Since BUFS and CUFS treatments increased soil organic carbon (SOC) sink sequestration by 25.0% and 27.0% compared to BUF and CUF treatments, they reduced annual GHG emissions by 7.1% and 4.7% and CF per unit of yield (CFY) by 13.7% and 9.6%, respectively. BUFS treatment also increased SOC sink sequestration by 20.3%, reduced GHG emissions by 10.7% and CFY by 23.0% compared to CUFS treatment. It is worth noting that the BUFS and CUFS treatments increased the annual ecological costs by 41.6%, 26.9%, and health costs by 70.1% and 46.7% compared to the BUF and CUF treatments, but also increased the net yield benefits by 9.8%, 6.8%, and the soil nutrient cycling values by 29.2%, 27.3%, and finally improved the NEEB by 10.1%, 7.3%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the BUFS treatment compared to the CUFS treatment, ultimately improving the NEEB by 23.1%. Based on assessing yield, GHG emissions, CF, and NEEB indicators, the BUFS treatment is recommended as an ideal agricultural fertilization model to promote sustainable and clean production in the wheat-maize rotation system and to protect the agroecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuqing Shao
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 270001, China
| | - Haojie Feng
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhaoming Qu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Recourses and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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25
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Moore SL, Grim S, Kessler R, Luna MLD, Miller DE, Thomas JF. Reduction of Environmental Pollutants and Travel Burden Through an Academic Medical Center-based Electronic Consultation Program. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:1020-1025. [PMID: 38064483 PMCID: PMC11035922 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: We evaluated the impact of electronic consultation (eConsult) in reducing the environmental pollutants associated with health care delivery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the eConsult data between July 2018 and December 2022 was extracted from the electronic health record (Epic). Travel time and mileage from the patient home to the academic medical center (AMC) were calculated along with fuel expenditure and greenhouses gas savings. Projected savings through the end of the decade were forecast using a random walk model. Results: A total of 15,499 eConsults were submitted to AMC specialist providers from community primary care providers. Completed eConsults (n = 11,590) eliminated the need for a face-to-face visit with a specialist provider, eliminating mileage, fuel, time, and pollutants associated with face to face visits. In-state travel distance saved was 310,858 miles, travel time saved was 5,491 h, with an associated fuel reduction of 13,575 gallons and $56,893 savings. This reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 128 metric tons of carbon dioxide, 0.022 tons of nitrogen oxide, 0.005 tons of methane, and 0.001 tons of nitrous oxide. Out of state travel distance saved was 188,346 miles with 2,842 h reduced travel time, and associated fuel reduction of 8,225 gallons and of $34,118. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions were equivalent to 77 metric tons of carbon dioxide, 0.0132 tons of nitrogen oxide, 0.0033 tons of methane, and 0.0007 tons of nitrous oxide. Conclusion: This study indicates that medical care provided through telehealth modalities reduces the environmental impact of pollutants associated with face to face visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Moore
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie Grim
- Peer Mentored Care Collaborative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rodger Kessler
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mayra Loera De Luna
- Peer Mentored Care Collaborative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Devin E. Miller
- Peer Mentored Care Collaborative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John F. Thomas
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Peer Mentored Care Collaborative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Li J, Liang E, Deng C, Li B, Cai H, Ma R, Xu Q, Liu J, Wang T. Labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen inputs modified greenhouse gas dynamics: A source-to-estuary study of the Yangtze River. Water Res 2024; 253:121318. [PMID: 38387270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Although rivers are increasingly recognized as essential sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere, few systematic efforts have been made to reveal the drivers of spatiotemporal variations of dissolved GHG (dGHG) in large rivers under increasing anthropogenic stress and intensified hydrological cycling. Here, through a source-to-estuary survey of the Yangtze River in March (spring) and October (autumn) of 2018, we revealed that labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrogen inputs remarkably modified the spatiotemporal distribution of dGHG. The average partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), CH4 and N2O concentrations of all sampling sites in the Yangtze River were 1015 ± 225 μatm, and 87.5± 36.5 nmol L-1, and 20.3 ± 6.6 nmol L-1, respectively, significantly lower than the global average. In terms of longitudinal and seasonal variations, higher GHG concentrations were observed in the middle-lower reach in spring. The dominant drivers of spatiotemporal variations in dGHG were labile, protein-like DOM components and nitrogen level. Compared with the historical data of dGHG from published literature, we found a significant increase in N2O concentrations in the Yangtze River during 2004-2018, and the increasing trend was consistent with the rising riverine nitrogen concentrations. Our study emphasized the critical roles of labile DOM and nitrogen inputs in driving the spatial hotspots, seasonal variations and annual trends of dGHG. These findings can contribute to constraining the global GHG budget estimations and controls of GHG emission in large rivers in response to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Enhang Liang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chunfang Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Hetong Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China; General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 15030, PR China
| | - Jiaju Liu
- Research Center for Integrated Control of Watershed Water Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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27
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Li T, Zhu E. Uncertainty analysis of greenhouse gas emissions of monorail transit during the construction. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:25805-25822. [PMID: 38491237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines the uncertainty of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during monorail construction. Firstly, a deterministic analysis is conducted. Subsequently, the obtained data are evaluated using the data quality indicator (DQI), and a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation method is employed to assume different parameter distributions. The results of the deterministic calculation indicate that the calculated emissions per unit area of the station amount to 1.97 ton CO2e/m2, while the calculated emissions per unit section length reach 7.55 ton CO2e/m2. To simulate parameter distribution, we utilize a Beta distribution with good shape applicability. Furthermore, we establish scenarios involving system boundary reduction, low-emission factors, and reduced material and energy inputs in order to analyze scenario uncertainties. Regarding model uncertainty, this paper assumes that the material and energy quantity data conform to the normal, log-normal, uniform, and triangular distributions, respectively, subsequently analyzing the uncertainty distributions. This paper analyzes the GHG emission uncertainty evaluation of 16 monorail stations and sections during the construction period, which is divided into parameter, scenario, and model uncertainty. We provide a concrete framework for studying uncertainties related to GHG emissions at stations and sections during the monorail construction period. The scenario analysis results will help to make decisions about the choice of parameters, system boundaries, and other settings. It provides new guidance for emission reduction policies, such as reducing the use of steel-related products or using alternative environmentally friendly materials, considering emission reduction factors more comprehensively and setting emission reduction factors according to uniform distribution principle as far as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Eryu Zhu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Khan Z, Shah T, Haider G, Adnan F, Sheikh Z, El-Sheikh MA, Bhatti MF, Ahmad P. Mycorrhizosphere bacteria inhibit greenhouse gas emissions from microplastics contaminated soil by regulating soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120673. [PMID: 38508003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems can affect greenhouse gases (GHGs) production by altering microbial and soil structure. Presently, research on the MPs effect on plants is not consistent, and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with GHGs are yet unknown. For the first time, we conducted a microcosm study to explore the impact of MPs addition (Raw vs. aged) and Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Bacillus subtilis inoculation (Sole vs. combination) on GHGs emission, soil community structure, physiochemical properties, and enzyme activities. Our results indicated that the addition of aged MPs considerably enhanced the GHGs emissions (N2O (+16%) and CO2 (+21%), respectively), C and N cycling gene expression, microbial biomass carbon, and soil physiochemical properties than raw MPs. However, the soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities were enhanced in raw MPs added treatments, irrespective of the MPs type added to soil. However, microbial inoculation significantly reduced GHGs emission by altering the expression of C and N cycling genes in both types of MPs added treatments. The soil microbial community structure, enzymes activities, physiochemical properties and microbial biomass carbon were enhanced in the presence of microbial inoculation in both type of MPs. Among sole and combined inoculation of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, the co-applied Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis considerably reduced the GHGs emission (N2O (-64%) and CO2 (-61%), respectively) by altering the expression of C and N cycling genes regardless of MPs type used. The combined inoculation also enhanced soil enzyme activities, microbial community structure, physiochemical properties and microbial biomass carbon in both types of MPs treatment. Our findings provide evidence that polyethylene MPs likely pose a high risk of GHGs emission while combined application of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis significantly reduced GHGs emission by altering C and N cycling gene expression, soil microbial community structure, and enzyme activities under MPs pollution in a terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit United States Department for Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Adnan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zeshan Sheikh
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Maestri F, Ferrero A, Rothschild PR, Eymard P, Brézin AP, Monnet D. The carbon footprint and wastage of intravitreal injections. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104079. [PMID: 38377875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The healthcare system emits greenhouse gas emissions and produces waste that in turn threatens the health of populations. The objective of our study was to measure the ecological threat related to intravitreal injections. METHODS Emissions were separated into scope 2 corresponding to Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) of the building, and scope 3 corresponding to travels (patients and staff), and life cycle assessment (LCA) of medical devices (MD) and pharmaceutics. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and waste for a single injection were first measured through a waste audit, and secondly anticipated theoretically with a calculator. RESULTS The average GHG emissions and waste measured were 277kgCO2eq/IVI and 0.5kg/IVI, respectively. Pharmaceuticals were responsible for 97% of total emissions. Emissions unrelated to pharmaceuticals counted for 8.4kgCO2eq/IVI. GHG emissions and waste estimated with the calculator were 276kgCO2eq/IVI and 0.5kg/IVI, respectively, showing that the calculator was accurate. CONCLUSION Our study provides a puzzle piece to carbon footprint and waste assessment in the field of ophthalmology. It may help provide concrete data for future green vs. vision discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maestri
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
| | - A Ferrero
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - P Eymard
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - A P Brézin
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - D Monnet
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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Drinhaus H, Drinhaus J, Schumacher C, Schramm MJ, Wetsch WA. Electricity consumption of anesthesia workstations and potential emission savings by avoiding standby. Anaesthesiologie 2024; 73:244-250. [PMID: 38349537 PMCID: PMC11021308 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-024-01388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthesiology has a relevant carbon footprint, mainly due to volatile anesthetics (scope 1 emissions). Additionally, energy used in the operating theater (scope 2 emissions) contributes to anesthesia-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. OBJECTIVES Optimizing the electricity use of medical devices might reduce both GHG emissions and costs might hold potential to reduce anaesthesia-related GHG-emissions and costs. We analyzed the electricity consumption of six different anesthesia workstations, calculated their GHG emissions and electricity costs and investigated the potential to reduce emissions and cost by using the devices in a more efficient way. METHODS Power consumption (active power in watt , W) was measured with the devices off, in standby mode, or fully on with the measuring instrument SecuLife ST. Devices studied were: Dräger Primus, Löwenstein Medical LeonPlus, Getinge Flow C, Getinge Flow E, GE Carestation 750 and GE Aisys. Calculations of GHG emissions were made with different emission factors, ranging from very low (0.09 kg CO2-equivalent/kWh) to very high (0.660 kg CO2-equivalent/kWh). Calculations of electricity cost were made assuming a price of 0.25 € per kWh. RESULTS Power consumption during operation varied from 58 W (GE CareStation 750) to 136 W (Dräger Primus). In standby, the devices consumed between 88% and 93% of the electricity needed during use. The annual electricity consumption to run 96 devices in a large clinical department ranges between 45 and 105 Megawatt-hours (MWh) when the devices are left in standby during off hours. If 80% of the devices are switched off during off hours, between 20 and 46 MWh can be saved per year in a single institution. At the average emission factor of our hospital, this electricity saving corresponds to a reduction of GHG emissions between 8.5 and 19.8 tons CO2-equivalent. At the assumed prices, a cost reduction between 5000 € and 11,600 € could be achieved by this intervention. CONCLUSION The power consumption varies considerably between the different types of anesthesia workstations. All devices exhibit a high electricity consumption in standby mode. Avoiding standby mode during off hours can save energy and thus GHG emissions and cost. The reductions in GHG emissions and electricity cost that can be achieved with this intervention in a large anesthesiology department are modest. Compared with GHG emissions generated by volatile anesthetics, particularly desflurane, optimization of electricity consumption of anesthesia workstations holds a much smaller potential to reduce the carbon footprint of anesthesia; however, as switching off anesthesia workstations overnight is relatively effortless, this behavioral change should be encouraged from both an ecological and economical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Drinhaus
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | - Christine Schumacher
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Schramm
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Wetsch
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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Manga M, Muoghalu CC. Greenhouse gas emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of emission rates, formation pathways and influencing factors. J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120736. [PMID: 38574706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Onsite sanitation systems (OSS) are significant sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). While a handful of studies have been conducted on GHG emissions from OSS, systematic evaluation of literature on this subject is limited. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provides state-of-the- art information on GHG emissions from OSS and identifies novel areas for investigation. The paper analyzes GHG emission rates from different OSS, the influence of various design, operational, and environmental factors on emission rates and proffers mitigation measures. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we identified 16 articles which quantified GHG emissions from OSS. Septic tanks emit substantial amounts of CO2 and CH4 ranging from 1.74 to 398.30 g CO2/cap/day and 0.06-110.13 g CH4/cap/day, respectively, but have low N2O emissions (0.01-0.06 g N₂O/cap/day). CH4 emissions from pit latrines range from 0.77 to 20.30 g CH4/cap/day N2O emissions range from 0.76 to 1.20 gN2O/cap/day. We observed statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) between temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, storage period, and GHG emissions from OSS. However, no significant correlation (p > 0.05) was observed between soil volumetric water content and CO2 emissions. CH4 emissions (expressed as CO2 equivalents) from OSS estimated following Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines were found to be seven times lower (90.99 g CO2e/cap/day) than in-situ field emission measurements (704.7 g CO2e/cap/day), implying that relying solely on IPCC guidelines may lead to underestimation of GHG emission from OSS. Our findings underscore the importance of considering local contexts and environmental factors when estimating GHG emissions from OSS. Plausible mitigation measures for GHG emissions from OSS include converting waste to biogas in anaerobic systems (e.g. biogas), applying biochar, and implementing mitigation policies that equally address inequalities in sanitation service access. Future research on GHG from OSS should focus on in-situ measurements of GHGs from pit latrines and other common OSS in developing countries, understanding the fate and transport of dissolved organics like CH4 in OSS effluents and impacts of microbial communities in OSS on GHG emissions. Addressing these gaps will enable more holistic and effective management of GHG emissions from OSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Manga
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 0030 Michael Hooker Research Center, 135 Dauer Drive, Campus Box # 7431, NC 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Construction Economics and Management, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT), Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Chimdi C Muoghalu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 0030 Michael Hooker Research Center, 135 Dauer Drive, Campus Box # 7431, NC 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ma M, Wang Y, Li H, Song M, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wang H, Shao R, Guo J, Yang Q. Reducing greenhouse gas intensity using a mixture of controlled-release urea and common urea combining suitable maize varieties in a summer maize system. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170628. [PMID: 38325476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The one-time application of common urea blended with controlled-release urea (CRU) is considered effective for improving nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of summer maize in intensive agricultural systems. However, the trade-off between the economic and environmental performances of different blended fertilizer treatments for different maize varieties remains unclear. Therefore, a consecutive two-year field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain to study the effects of different ratios of CRU and common urea on the yield, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, yield-scaled total N2O emissions, greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) in 2021 and 2022. Four N fertilizer treatments with equal rate at 180 kg N ha-1 were applied as N180U (all Urea), N180C1(1/3CRU), N180C2(2/3CRU), and N180C (all CRU), and two maize varieties (JNK728-yellow ripe variety and ZD958-green ripe variety) were used. The N180C1 and N180C2 treatments produced the highest grain yield in varieties JNK728 and ZD958 (9.4-11.5 t ha-1 and 9.0-11.0 t ha-1), respectively. Compared to the N180U treatment (conventional method), the N180C1 treatment reduced the GHGI (24.8 %-25.9 %) and increased the NEEB (33.1 %-33.4 %) in the JNK728 variety, whereas the N180C2 treatment reduced the GHGI (16.9 %-28.8 %) and increased the NEEB (27.2 %-48.1 %) in the ZD958 variety. The study concludes that a one-time application of blended nitrogen fertilizer in suitable varieties can minimize the GHGI and maximize the NEEB, which is an effective strategy for balancing yield and nitrogen efficiency in the summer maize system in the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Ma
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Agronomy, State Key laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | | | - Yiming Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Agronomy, State Key laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Agronomy, State Key laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Agronomy, State Key laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Agronomy, State Key laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development Ministry of Education, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Nilsson J, Ernfors M, Prade T, Hansson PA. Cover crop cultivation strategies in a Scandinavian context for climate change mitigation and biogas production - Insights from a life cycle perspective. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170629. [PMID: 38320700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cover crop cultivation can be a vital strategy for mitigating climate change in agriculture, by increasing soil carbon stocks and resource efficiency within the cropping system. Another mitigation option is to harvest the cover crop and use the biomass to replace greenhouse gas-intensive products, such as fossil fuels. Harvesting cover crop biomass could also reduce the risk of elevated N2O emissions associated with cover crop cultivation under certain conditions, which would offset much of the mitigation potential. However, harvesting cover crops also reduces soil carbon sequestration potential, as biomass is removed from the field, and cultivation of cover crops requires additional field operations that generate greenhouse gas emissions. To explore these synergies and trade-offs, this study investigated the life cycle climate effect of cultivating an oilseed radish cover crop under different management strategies in southern Scandinavia. Three alternative scenarios (Incorporation of biomass into soil; Mowing and harvesting aboveground biomass; Uprooting and harvesting above- and belowground biomass) were compared with a reference scenario with no cover crop. Harvested biomass in the Mowing and Uprooting scenarios was assumed to be transported to a biogas plant for conversion to upgraded biogas, with the digestate returned to the field as an organic fertiliser for the subsequent crop. The climate change mitigation potential of cover crop cultivation was found to be 0.056, 0.58 and 0.93 Mg CO2-eq ha-1 in the Incorporation, Mowing and Uprooting scenario, respectively. The Incorporation scenario resulted in the highest soil carbon sequestration, but also the greatest soil N2O emissions. Substitution of fossil diesel showed considerable mitigation potential, especially in the Uprooting scenario, where biogas production was highest. Sensitivity analysis revealed a strong impact of time of cover crop establishment, with earlier establishment leading to greater biomass production and thus greater mitigation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Nilsson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Ernfors
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Thomas Prade
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Hansson
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Li H, Lin L, Peng Y, Hao Y, Li Z, Li J, Yu M, Li X, Lu Y, Gu W, Zhang B. Biochar's dual role in greenhouse gas emissions: Nitrogen fertilization dependency and mitigation potential. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170293. [PMID: 38286282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biochar was popularly used for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in vegetable production, but using biochar does not necessarily guarantee a reduction in GHG emissions. Herein, it's meaningful to elucidate the intricate interplay among biochar properties, soil characteristics, and GHG emissions in vegetable production to provide valuable insights for informed and effective mitigation strategies. Therefore, in current research, a meta-analysis of 43 publications was employed to address these issues. The boost-regression analysis results indicated that the performance of biochar in inhibiting N2O emissions was most affected by the N application rate both in high and low N application conditions. Besides, biochar had dual roles and showed well performance in reducing GHG emissions under low N input (≤300 kg N ha-1), while having the opposite effect during high N input (>300 kg N ha-1). Specifically, applying biochar under low N fertilization input could obviously reduce soil N2O emissions, CO2 emissions, and CH4 emissions by 18.7 %, 17.9 %, and 16.9 %, respectively. However, the biochar application under high N fertilization input significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil N2O emissions, CO2 emissions, and CH4 emissions by 39.7 %, 43.0 %, and 27.7 %, respectively. Except for the N application rate, the soil pH, SOC, biochar C/N ratio, biochar pH, and biochar pyrolysis temperature are also the key factors affecting the control of GHG emissions in biochar-amended soils. The findings of this study will contribute to deeper insights into the potential application of biochar in regulating GHG under consideration of N input, offering scientific evidence and guidance for sustainable agriculture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 258000, China
| | - Liwen Lin
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yongzhou Hao
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 258000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min Yu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 258000, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 258000, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Bhatti UA, Bhatti MA, Tang H, Syam MS, Awwad EM, Sharaf M, Ghadi YY. Global production patterns: Understanding the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture greening and climate variability. Environ Res 2024; 245:118049. [PMID: 38169167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change due to increased greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the atmosphere has been consistently observed since the mid-20th century. The profound influence of global climate change on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, encompassing carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), has established a vital feedback loop that contributes to further climate change. This intricate relationship necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the underlying feedback mechanisms. By examining the interactions between global climate change, soil, and GHG emissions, we can elucidate the complexities of CO2, CH4, and N2O dynamics and their implications. In this study, we evaluate the global climate change relationship with GHG globally in 246 countries. We find a robust positive association between climate and GHG emissions. By 2100, GHG emissions will increase in all G7 countries and China while decreasing in the United Kingdom based on current economic growth policies, resulting in a net global increase, suggesting that climate-driven increase in GHG and climate variations impact crop production loss due to soil impacts and not provide climate adaptation. The study highlights the diverse strategies employed by G7 countries in reducing GHG emissions, with France leveraging nuclear power, Germany focusing on renewables, and Italy targeting its industrial and transportation sectors. The UK and Japan are making significant progress in emission reduction through renewable energy, while the US and Canada face challenges due to their industrial activities and reliance on fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Aslam Bhatti
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | | | - Hao Tang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - M S Syam
- IOT Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Biswas MK, Azad AK, Datta A, Dutta S, Roy S, Chopra SS. Navigating Sustainability through Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory: ESG Practices and Energy Shift in Bangladesh's Textile and Readymade Garment Industries. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123392. [PMID: 38253162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
As the world's demand for textiles and clothing rapidly increases, this industry's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are becoming a major environmental concern. Bangladesh, a key player in the global textile supply chain and one of the top producers, contributes significantly to these emissions. However, accessible data on activity and GHG emissions, crucial for researchers, the private sector, and policymakers in decision-making, is scarce. To address this gap, this study combines a detailed field survey with expert interviews to establish a comprehensive emission inventory. This inventory aims to identify hotspots and facilitate the adoption of effective mitigation strategies. Focusing on a prominent industrial zone's textile and readymade garments (RMG) industries, the research employs a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches and follows the IPCC guidelines to develop a GHG emission inventory for 2022. The study evaluates various emission sources, including scope 1 (onsite fuel combustions), scope 2 (grid electricity usage), and scope 3 (waste and wastewater treatment). In the total emissions (6043.5 Gg CO2eq.), textile and RMG industries contribute 67.8% and 32.2%, respectively, with scope 1 emissions dominating at 85%. Notably, scope 2 emissions exhibit significant uncertainty (-10.4% to +11.9%), largely due to variations in national grid emission factors. This study forecasts GHG emissions until 2030, considering current trends (26 thousand Gg CO2 eq.). It also explores various energy mix scenarios, factoring in the depletion of existing natural gas reserves (ranging from 8 thousand to 33 thousand Gg CO2 eq.). This study delves into the impact of the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) system on industries' GHG emissions. Besides improving worldwide emission databases and identifying hotspots, this research aims to promote a sustainable transition in both Bangladesh and other developing textile manufacturing nations across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Kumar Biswas
- Department of Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Dyes and Chemicals Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anupa Datta
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shimul Roy
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.
| | - Shauhrat S Chopra
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
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Liao X, Wang Y, Malghani S, Zhu X, Cai W, Qin Z, Wang F. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions and related microbial communities from mangrove stems on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:170062. [PMID: 38220023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove forests, crucial carbon-rich ecosystems, are increasingly vulnerable to soil carbon loss and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human disturbance. However, the contribution of mangrove trees to GHG emissions remains poorly understood. This study monitored CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from the stems of two mangrove species, native Kandelia obovata (KO) and exotic Sonneratia apetala (SA), at three heights (0.7 m, 1.2 m, and 1.7 m) during the dry winter period on Qi'ao Island, Pearl River Estuary, China. Heartwood samples were analyzed to identify potential functional groups related to gas fluxes. Our study found that tree stems acted as both sinks and sources for N2O (ranging from -9.49 to 28.35 μg m-2 h-1 for KO and from -6.73 to 28.95 μg m-2 h-1 for SA) and CH4. SA exhibited significantly higher stem CH4 flux (from -26.67 to 97.33 μg m-2 h-1) compared to KO (from -44.13 to 88.0 μg m-2 h-1) (P < 0.05). When upscaled to the community level, both species were net emitters of CH4, contributing approximately 4.68 % (KO) and 0.51 % (SA) to total CH4 emissions. The decrease in stem CH4 flux with increasing height, indicates a soil source. Microbial analysis in the heartwood using the KEGG database indicated aceticlastic methanogenesis as the dominant CH4 pathway. The presence of methanogens, methanotrophs, denitrifiers, and nitrifiers suggests microbial involvement in CH4 and N2O production and consumption. Remarkably, the dominance of Cyanobacteria in the heartwood microbiome (with the relative abundance of 97.5 ± 0.6 % for KO and 99.1 ± 0.2 % for SA) implies roles in carbon and nitrogen fixation for mangroves coping with nitrogen limitation in coastal wetlands, and possibly in CH4 production. Although the present study has limitations in sampling duration and area, it highlights the significant role of tree stems in GHG emissions which is crucial for a holistic evaluation of the global carbon sequestration capability of mangrove ecosystems. Future research should broaden spatial and temporal scales to enhance the accuracy of upscaling tree stem gas fluxes to the mangrove ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350008, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, China.
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38
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Martinez S, Samaras C. Electrification of Transit Buses in the United States Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4137-4144. [PMID: 38373231 PMCID: PMC10919085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The transportation sector is the largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the United States. Increased use of public transit and electrification of public transit could help reduce these emissions. The electrification of public transit systems could also reduce air pollutant emissions in densely populated areas, where air pollution disproportionally burdens vulnerable communities with high health impacts and associated social costs. We analyze the life cycle emissions of transit buses powered by electricity, diesel, gasoline, and compressed natural gas and model GHGs and air pollutants mitigated for a transition to a fully electric U.S. public transit bus fleet using transit agency-level data. The electrification of the U.S. bus fleet would reduce several conventional air pollutants and has the potential to reduce transit bus GHGs by 33-65% within the next 14 years depending on how quickly the transition is made and how quickly the electricity grid decarbonizes. A levelized cost of driving analysis shows that with falling capital costs and an increase in annual passenger-kilometers of battery electric buses, the technology could reach levelized cost parity with diesel buses when electric bus capital costs fall below about $670 000 per bus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia
S. Martinez
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Constantine Samaras
- Civil
and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Wilton
E. Scott Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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39
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Hu X, Tao Z. Polyethylene microplastic-induced microbial shifts affected greenhouse gas emissions during litter decomposition in coastal wetland sediments. Water Res 2024; 251:121167. [PMID: 38301404 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic contamination has become increasingly aggravated in coastal environments, further affecting biogeochemical processes involved with microbial community shifts. As a key biogeochemical process mainly driven by microbiota in coastal wetland sediments, litter decomposition contributes greatly to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) budget. However, under microplastic pollution, the relationship between microbial alterations and GHG emissions during litter decomposition in coastal wetlands remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the microbial mechanism by which polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP) influenced greenhouse gas (i.e., CH4, CO2 and N2O) emissions during litter decomposition in coastal sediments through a 75-day microcosm experiment. During litter decomposition, PE-MP exposure significantly decreased cumulative CH4 and CO2 emissions by 41.07% and 25.79%, respectively. However, there was no significant change in cumulative N2O emissions under PE-MP exposure. The bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities in sediments exhibited varied responses to PE-MP exposure over time, as reflected by the altered structure and changed functional groups of the microbiota. The altered microbial functional groups ascribed to PE-MP exposure and sediment property changes might contribute to suppressing CH4 and CO2 emissions during litter decomposition. This study yielded valuable information regarding the effects of PE-MP on GHG emissions during litter decomposition in coastal wetland sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zongxin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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40
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Sultan H, Li Y, Ahmed W, Yixue M, Shah A, Faizan M, Ahmad A, Abbas HMM, Nie L, Khan MN. Biochar and nano biochar: Enhancing salt resilience in plants and soil while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: A comprehensive review. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120448. [PMID: 38422850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to agriculture, impacting soil health, plant growth and contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In response to these intertwined challenges, the use of biochar and its nanoscale counterpart, nano-biochar, has gained increasing attention. This comprehensive review explores the heterogeneous role of biochar and nano-biochar in enhancing salt resilience in plants and soil while concurrently mitigating GHG emissions. The review discusses the effects of these amendments on soil physicochemical properties, improved water and nutrient uptake, reduced oxidative damage, enhanced growth and the alternation of soil microbial communities, enhance soil fertility and resilience. Furthermore, it examines their impact on plant growth, ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment and plant stress tolerance, promoting plant development under salinity stress conditions. Emphasis is placed on the potential of biochar and nano-biochar to influence soil microbial activities, leading to altered emissions of GHG emissions, particularly nitrous oxide(N2O) and methane(CH4), contributing to climate change mitigation. The comprehensive synthesis of current research findings in this review provides insights into the multifunctional applications of biochar and nano-biochar, highlighting their potential to address salinity stress in agriculture and their role in sustainable soil and environmental management. Moreover, it identifies areas for further investigation, aiming to enhance our understanding of the intricate interplay between biochar, nano-biochar, soil, plants, and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Sultan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mu Yixue
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Asad Shah
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar Abbas
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Lixiao Nie
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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41
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Wang N, He Y, Zhao K, Lin X, He X, Chen A, Wu G, Zhang J, Yan B, Luo L, Xu D. Greenhouse gas emission characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural waste composting process: A review. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120337. [PMID: 38417357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
China, being a major agricultural nation, employs aerobic composting as an efficient approach to handle agricultural solid waste. Nevertheless, the composting process is often accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions, which are known contributors to global warming. Therefore, it is urgent to control the formation and emission of greenhouse gases from composting. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the production of nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide during the composting process of agricultural wastes. Additionally, it proposes an overview of the variables that affect greenhouse gas emissions, including the types of agricultural wastes (straw, livestock manure), the specifications for compost (pile size, aeration). The key factors of greenhouse gas emissions during composting process like physicochemical parameters, additives, and specific composting techniques (reuse of mature compost products, ultra-high-temperature composting, and electric-field-assisted composting) are summarized. Finally, it suggests directions and perspectives for future research. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for achieving carbon neutrality and promoting environmentally-friendly composting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyi Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yong He
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Keqi Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Lin
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xi He
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Genyi Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China; Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Daojun Xu
- Yuelu Mountain Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University area, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, China.
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42
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Haseeb M, Kayani U, Shuaib M, Hossain ME, Kamal M, Khan MF. Asymmetric role of green energy, innovation, and technology in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: evidence from India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:23146-23161. [PMID: 38416353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The primary cause of environmental degradation, which poses a danger to the long-term viability of the ecosystem, is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, the Glasgow Climate Pact (COP26) established a decarbonization goal in response to this ecological concern, for which all economic players have a responsibility. India is among the participants who have a target set for them to decarbonize their economies by the year 2060 via the use of green energy and the advancement of science and innovation. Nevertheless, the asymmetrical effect of green energy, technology, and innovation on India's decarbonization program was not sufficiently explored in the prior study; hence, this research aims to fill this literature vacuum by considering India's GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 by leveraging the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The findings reveal the asymmetric influences of variables of interest on GHG emissions during the short and long term and under positive and negative shocks. Regarding the positive shock, long-term findings demonstrate that innovation and technical know-how grow GHG emissions and accelerate environmental degradation. However, a negative shock in innovations and technological know-how is opposed to a positive shock and improving environmental conditions. Further, positive shocks in green energy boost environmental effectiveness by reducing GHG secretions in India. In contrast, the negative shock in green energy deteriorates the environment by triggering GHG releases. These factual findings compel the Indian government to prioritize green technologies in addition to green energy generation to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions and meet rising energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haseeb
- Department of Management Studies, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, 248002, India
| | - Umar Kayani
- College of Business, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- School of Economics and Management, and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Md Emran Hossain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, 32256, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Xiao Y, Liu Y, Cai W. Spatial and temporal evolution and drivers of GHG emissions from urban domestic wastewater treatment in China: a review at the provincial level. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:21028-21043. [PMID: 38383929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the wastewater treatment industry, it is crucial to explore GHG emission patterns and propose useful measures. In this study, we use the Kaya model and LMDI decomposition method to analyze the changes in GHG emissions from urban domestic wastewater treatment at the provincial level and further explore the distribution characteristics and driving factors of urban domestic wastewater treatment GHG emissions across various years and regions. The results indicate the following: (1) In the temporal dimension, urban domestic wastewater treatment GHG emissions are increasing, from 21.0 MtCO2 in 2011 to 27.1 MtCO2 in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 2.88%. The spatial distribution is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. There is variability in the spatial evolution trend of GHG emissions by province, with the growth rate becoming slower or even negative in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and North China, while the average annual growth rate exceeds 25% in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. (2) According to the decomposition results of driving factors, economic scale is the dominant positive driver, and the positive contributions of TI and the population effect are limited. The sludge disposal structure is the main negative driver, and the EEI and technology have restricted negative contributions. (3) Based on the decomposition results, for major coastal GHG emitters, such as Guangdong and Shandong, it is necessary to invest capital and technology to continuously upgrade the wastewater treatment process and reduce non-CO2 emissions. Along with adopting circular economy schemes, local governments in the northwestern region should transform the traditional sludge disposal structure and optimize the power supply structure to increase carbon offset and reduce CO2 emissions. The findings suggest a low-carbon transformation path to support the industry's dual carbon goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xiao
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Cai
- School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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Li M, Duan L, Li S, Wang D, Gao Q, Yu H, Zhang J, Jia Y. Differences in greenhouse gas emissions and microbial communities between underground and conventionally constructed wastewater treatment plants. Bioresour Technol 2024; 396:130421. [PMID: 38320713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted into the atmosphere during wastewater treatment. In this study, GHG and microbial samples were collected from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and their differences and relationships were assessed. The study showed that, compared with conventionally constructed WWTPs, well-established gas collection systems in underground WWTPs facilitate comprehensive collection and accurate accounting of GHGs. In aboveground WWTPs, capped anoxic ponds promote methane production releasing it at 2-8 times the rate of uncapped emissions, in contrast to nitrous oxide emissions. Moreover, a stable subsurface environment allows for smaller fluctuations in daily GHG emissions and higher microbial diversity and abundance. This study highlights differences in GHG emission fluxes and microbial communities in differently constructed WWTPs, which are useful for control and accurate accounting of GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Shilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Huibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Santos COD, Pinto ADS, Santos MPD, Alves BJR, Neto MBR, Ferreira LG. Livestock intensification and environmental sustainability: An analysis based on pasture management scenarios in the brazilian savanna. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120473. [PMID: 38430884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Brazil's major beef production occurs in the Cerrado, predominantly as extensive pastures that covers ∼50 Mha of the biome, of which approximately 2/3 show signs of degradation. Pasture recovery is now a key environmental policy, as it improves land use efficiency and soil carbon sequestration. However, as intensification leads to higher cattle stocking rates and external inputs (fertilizers, liming, etc.), the impact of improved pastures on greenhouse gas mitigation is still debatable. This study focused on the Cerrado biome and aimed to (i) quantify soil carbon stock changes under different scenarios of management and recovery of degraded pastures. In addition, (ii) the potential for capturing carbon in the soil to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by the intensification of pastures was evaluated. Soil C stock changes (0-20 cm) were assessed using the Century model version 4.5, which had been previously validated for the region. Model parameters were adjusted for three pastures classes (degraded, intermediately degraded, and not degraded) within a time-series (1985-2020) of land use maps for the Cerrado, serving as baselines. Scenarios of pasture intensification were modeled against these baselines, and an analysis was carried out on the estimated changes in soil C stock and greenhouse gas balance. Before the intensification scenario (year 2020), the total carbon stock was estimated to be ∼1830 Mt for the whole pasture area, whose spatial distribution corresponded to edaphoclimatic contrasts and pasture conditions. The highest soil organic carbon stocks were observed in the non-degraded pastures. With the increase in carrying capacity, beef production is estimated to potentially increase by 1/3 due to the recovery of degraded areas through intensive management. This increase would be sufficient to meet the projected ∼12% increase in Brazil's livestock production by the end of the decade if all pasture areas are restored, which is much possibly an unrealistic scenario as not all degraded areas are suitable for crops or can successfully improve pasture yield. In addition, the increase in soil C stocks was only sufficient to compensate for 27% and 42% of the GHG emissions resulting from intensification in areas with intermediate and severe degradation, respectively. Therefore, to strike a balance between economic considerations and environmental impact, additional strategies are needed to reduce GHG emissions and/or enhance C sinks, such as increasing tree density on farms. From this perspective, implementing livestock intensification at the landscape scale can promote C stocks and the diversity of ecosystem services, opening the possibility of ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maiara Pedral Dos Santos
- Ecology Department (DECO), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão - SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laerte Guimaraes Ferreira
- Image Processing and GIS Laboratory (LAPIG), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia-GO, 74001-970, Brazil
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46
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Chen C, Jeong MSM, Aboujaoude E, Bridgeman MB. Challenges to decarbonizing medication prescribing and use practices: A call to action. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024; 64:364-369. [PMID: 38097175 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Climate change undeniably impacts the social and environmental determinants of one's health. The healthcare sector, encompassing medications and the pharmaceutical industry supply chain, accounts for a significant portion of global health care contributions to greenhouse gas (GHG) and waste production. Despite these realities, healthcare professionals - physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and others - may be unaware of GHG emissions and the long-term environmental effects of the medications they prescribe, dispense, and administer daily. In this commentary, we identify existing challenges and explore potential strategies to recognize and reduce the climate change impacts associated with medication use.
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47
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Wang K, Du C, Guo X, Xiong B, Yang L, Zhao X. Crop byproducts supplemented in livestock feeds reduced greenhouse gas emissions. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120469. [PMID: 38432010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Crop byproducts can be supplemented in livestock feeds to improve the utilization of resources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We explored the mitigation potential of GHG emissions by supplementing crop byproducts in feeds based on a typical intensive dairy farm in China. Results showed that GHG emissions associated with production of forage were significantly decreased by 25.60 % when no GHG emissions were allocated to crop byproducts, and enteric methane emission was significantly decreased by 13.46 % on the basis of CO2 eq, g/kg fat and protein corrected milk. The supplementation did not affect lactation performance, rumen microbiota and microbial enzymes at the gene level. Metabolomics analysis revealed changes in amino acid catabolism of rumen fluid, which were probably responsible for more propionate production. In conclusion, supplementing crop byproducts in feeds can be a potential strategy to reduce GHG emissions of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Science, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, 261061, China; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Chunmei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Petersen SO, Ma C, Hilgert JE, Mjöfors K, Sefeedpari P, Amon B, Aarnink A, Francó B, Dragoni F, Groenestein K, Gyldenkærne S, Herrmann C, Hutchings NJ, Kristensen IS, Liu J, Olesen JE, Rodhe L. In-vitro method and model to estimate methane emissions from liquid manure management on pig and dairy farms in four countries. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120233. [PMID: 38330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from manure management on livestock farms are a key source of greenhouse gas emissions in some regions and for some production systems, and the opportunities for mitigation may be significant if emissions can be adequately documented. We investigated a method for estimating CH4 emissions from liquid manure (slurry) that is based on anaerobic incubation of slurry collected from commercial farms. Methane production rates were used to derive a parameter of the Arrhenius temperature response function, lnA', representing the CH4 production potential of the slurry at the time of sampling. Results were used for parameterization of an empirical model to estimate annual emissions with daily time steps, where CH4 emissions from individual sources (barns, outside storage tanks) can be calculated separately. A monitoring program was conducted in four countries, i.e., Denmark, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, during a 12-month period where slurry was sampled to represent barn and outside storage on finishing pig and dairy farms. Across the four countries, lnA' was higher in pig slurry compared to cattle slurry (p < 0.01), and higher in slurry from barns compared to outside storage (p < 0.01). In a separate evaluation of the incubation method, in-vitro CH4 production rates were comparable with in-situ emissions. The results indicate that lnA' in barns increases with slurry age, probably due to growth or adaptation of the methanogenic microbial community. Using lnA' values determined experimentally, empirical models with daily time steps were constructed for finishing pig and dairy farms and used for scenario analyses. Annual emissions from pig slurry were predicted to be 2.5 times higher than those from cattle slurry. Changing the frequency of slurry export from the barn on the model pig farm from 40 to 7 d intervals reduced total annual CH4 emissions by 46 %; this effect would be much less on cattle farms with natural ventilation. In a scenario with cattle slurry, the empirical model was compared with the current IPCC methodology. The seasonal dynamics were less pronounced, and annual CH4 emissions were lower than with the current methodology, which calls for further investigations. Country-specific models for individual animal categories and point sources could be a tool for assessing CH4 emissions and mitigation potentials at farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Ma
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Julio E Hilgert
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Paria Sefeedpari
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Amon
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - André Aarnink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Federico Dragoni
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Groenestein
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ib S Kristensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jing Liu
- BPC Instruments, Lund, Sweden; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lena Rodhe
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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Du C, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang W, Xu R, Zhou B, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Sun Z, Zhou X, Wang Z. Novel annual nitrogen management strategy improves crop yield and reduces greenhouse gas emissions in wheat-maize rotation systems under limited irrigation. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120236. [PMID: 38310800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Excessive irrigation and nitrogen application have long seriously undermined agricultural sustainability in the North China Plain (NCP), leading to declining groundwater tables and intensified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developing low-input management practices that meet the growing food demand while reducing environmental costs is urgently needed. Here, we developed a novel nitrogen management strategy for a typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the NCP under limited irrigation (wheat sowing irrigation only (W0) or sowing and jointing irrigation (W1)) and low nitrogen input (360 kg N ha-1, about 70 % of traditional annual nitrogen input). Novel nitrogen management strategy promoted efficient nitrogen fertilizer uptake and utilization by both crops via optimization of nitrogen fertilizer allocation between the two crops, i.e., increasing nitrogen inputs to wheat (from 180 to 240 kg N ha-1) while reducing nitrogen inputs to maize (from 180 to 120 kg N ha-1). Three-year field study demonstrated that integrated management practices combining novel nitrogen management strategy with limited irrigation increased annual yields and PFPN by 1.9-5.7 %, and reduced TGE by 55-68 kg CO2-eq ha-1 and GHGI by 2.2-10.3 %, without any additional cost. Our results provide agricultural operators and policymakers with practical and easy-to-scalable integrated management strategy, and offer key initiative to promote grain production in the NCP towards agriculture sustainable intensification with high productivity and efficiency, water conservation and emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghang Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jieru Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runlai Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingjin Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuechen Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-Quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, China; College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhencai Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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50
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Huang Y, Qin R, Wei H, Chai N, Yang Y, Li Y, Wan P, Li Y, Zhao W, Lawawirojwong S, Suepa T, Zhang F. Plastic film mulching application improves potato yields, reduces ammonia emissions, but boosts the greenhouse gas emissions in China. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120241. [PMID: 38301473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
With global population growth and climate change, food security and global warming have emerged as two major challenges to agricultural development. Plastic film mulching (PM) has long been used to improve yields in rain-fed agricultural systems, but few studies have focused on soil gas emissions from mulched rainfed potatoes on a long-term and regional scale. This study integrated field data with the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to evaluate the impacts of PM on potato yields, greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in rainfed agricultural systems in China. We found that PM increased potato yield by 39.7 % (1505 kg ha-1), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 15.4 % (123 kg CO2 eq ha-1), nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 47.8 % (1016 kg CO2 eq ha-1), and global warming potential (GWP) by 38.9 % (1030 kg CO2 eq ha-1), while NH3 volatilization decreased by 33.9 % (8.4 kg NH3 ha-1), and methane (CH4) emissions were little changed compared to CK. Specifically, the yield after PM significantly increased in South China (SC), North China (NC), and Northwest China (NWC), with increases of 66.1 % (2429 kg ha-1), 44.1 % (1173 kg ha-1), and 43.6 % (956 kg ha-1) compared to CK, respectively. The increase in GWP and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) under PM was more pronounced in the Northeast China (NEC) and NWC regions, with respective increases of 57.1 % and 60.2 % in GWP, 16.9 % and 10.3 % in GHGI. While in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) and SC, PM decreased GHGI with 10.2 % and 31.1 %, respectively. PM significantly reduced NH3 emissions in all regions and these reductions were most significant in Southwest China (SWC), SCand MLYR, which were 41 %, 38.0 %, and 38.0 % lower than CK, respectively. In addition, climatic and edaphic variables were the main contributors to GHG and NH3 emissions. In conclusion, it is appropriate to promote the use of PM in the MLYR and SC regions, because of the ability to increase yields while reducing environmental impacts (lower GHGI and NH3 emissions). The findings provide a theoretical basis for sustainable agricultural production of PM potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rongzhu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huihui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ning Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pingxing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | - Tanita Suepa
- Geo-Informatics & Space Technology Development Agency, Thailand
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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