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Hu S, Feng W, Shen Y, Jin X, Miao Y, Hou S, Cui H, Zhu H. Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172296. [PMID: 38588732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Weidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yaqin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China.
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Ji H, Wu Y, Zhao X, Miao JL, Deng S, Li S, Gao R, Liu ZJ, Zhai J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of WNK Kinase Gene Family in Acorus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17594. [PMID: 38139421 PMCID: PMC10743480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
WNK (With No Lysine) kinases are members of serine/threonine protein kinase family, which lack conserved a catalytic lysine (K) residue in protein kinase subdomain II and this residue is replaced by either asparagine, serine, or glycine residues. They are involved in various physiological regulations of flowering time, circadian rhythms, and abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, we identified the WNK gene family in two species of Acorus, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, physiochemical properties, subcellular localization, collinearity, and cis-elements. The results showed twenty-two WNKs in two Acorus (seven in Ac. gramineus and fifteen in Ac. calamus) have been identified and clustered into five main clades phylogenetically. Gene structure analysis showed all WNKs possessed essential STKc_WNK or PKc_like superfamily domains, and the gene structures and conserved motifs of the same clade were similar. All the WNKs harbored a large number of light response elements, plant hormone signaling elements, and stress resistance elements. Through a collinearity analysis, two and fourteen segmental duplicated gene pairs were identified in the Ac. gramineus and Ac. calamus, respectively. Moreover, we observed tissue-specificity of WNKs in Acorus using transcriptomic data, and their expressions in response to salt stress and cold stress were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed WNKs are involved in the regulation of abiotic stresses. There were significant differences in the expression levels of most of the WNKs in the leaves and roots of Acorus under salt stress and cold stress, among which two members in Ac. gramineus (AgWNK3 and AgWNK4) and two members in Ac. calamus (AcWNK8 and AcWNK12) were most sensitive to stress. In summary, this paper will significantly contribute to the understanding of WNKs in monocots and thus provide a set up for functional genomics studies of WNK protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ji
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - You Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Miao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shixing Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junwen Zhai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (H.J.); (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (J.-L.M.); (S.D.); (S.L.); (R.G.)
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Wang X, Wang L, You Y, Yang D, Cao Y, Wang Y, Ma F. Differential interference of copper with endophytic bacterial inoculation: Atrazine decontamination in Acorus tatarinowii and culture solution. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122523. [PMID: 37683758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the interference effects of inorganic ions, Acorus tatarinowii and endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum huttiense (Hh) were combined to decontaminate atrazine pollution under different copper levels. This study verified inoculation effects and revealed the complicated processes of atrazine transformation in solutions. 35.9% leaf biomass was promoted by Hh inoculation, and the value was lowered to 7.87% by high doses of copper. The changing trend of leaf N, K, and S contents, and tiller numbers were consistent with that of leaf biomass. Hh injection improved atrazine accumulation by 43.5% in roots, and under copper interference, this value lowered to 10.6%. Hh promoted atrazine deethylation in plants, which was copper-dose dependent in different plant organs. In solutions, atrazine was conjugated with small-molecule secretions at m/z 118, detoxicated into 2-hxydroatrazine and 2-hydroxy-4-acetamido-atrazine, then the triazine ring opened. Copper interference had a more significant impact on residual atrazine conversion products than Hh inoculation treatments. Hh treatment promoted the ring-opening degradation of atrazine in water. The addition of high doses of copper ions promoted the oxidative process of atrazine while inhibiting its ring-opening transformation process in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongqiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dongguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Huan S, Yang Y, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zheng Y. Hippocampal proteins discovery of Panax quinquefolius and Acorus gramineus ameliorating cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1759-1773. [PMID: 37306736 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Early diagnosis of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) and investigation of effective medicines are significant to prevent or delay the occurrence of irreversible dementia. OBJECTIVES In this study, proteomics was applied to investigate the changes of hippocampal proteins after administration of Panax quinquefolius-Acorus gramineus (PQ-AG) to DCI rats, with a view to discover the differentially expressed proteins of PQ-AG action and elucidated the potential biological relationships. METHODS The model and PQ-AG group rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, and the PQ-AG group rats were continuously administered with PQ-AG. Social interaction and Morris water maze were performed to evaluate the behavior of rats on the 17th week after the model was established, and DCI rats were screened out from the model group by a screening approach. The hippocampal protein differences were investigated with proteomics in DCI and PQ-AG-treated rats. RESULTS The learning and memory abilities and contact duration of DCI rats were improved after 16 weeks of PQ-AG administration. Altogether, 9 and 17 differentially expressed proteins were observed in control versus DCI rats and in DCI versus PQ-AG-treated rats, respectively. Three proteins were confirmed with western blotting analyses. These proteins were mainly involved in the pathways of JAK-STAT, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, fork-head box protein O3, fructose, and mannose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This suggested that PQ-AG ameliorated cognitive impairment of diabetic rats by influencing the above pathways and providing an experimental basis for the mechanism of DCI and PQ-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huan
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China.
| | - Xiu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, 138 Tongda Road, Harbin, 150076, China
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Wang X, Wang L, Fan J, Ma F. Asymmetric interaction and concurrent remediation of copper and atrazine by Acorus tatarinowii in an aquatic system. J Hazard Mater 2022; 435:128888. [PMID: 35483262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the influence of organic pesticides on phytoremediation of potentially toxic metal elements, hydroponically-grown Acorus tatarinowii was used to repair copper pollution at six concentration levels with and without atrazine. Removal outcomes and processes exhibited asymmetry in an aquatic system. In plants, the addition of atrazine brought as much as 20.5% copper than control. Total amounts, percentage of protein or pectin combined copper and leaf: root ratio of copper were enhanced correspondingly. In solutions, cupric ions (Cu2+) were eliminated as much as 95.6% in plant remediation system. Though atrazine resulted in a quarter more absorption equilibrium concentration, the absorption reaction rate half declined. Copper removal in the system was contributed by both bound copper in solution and plant accumulation, and atrazine magnified contribution weight of the later one. Concurrent copper decreased absolute and relative amounts of atrazine in A. tatarinowii, indicating the influence of copper was mainly to reduce atrazine uptake by A. tatarinowii rather than to change the transformation of atrazine in plants. Copper exhibited antagonistic effects with atrazine in term of plant biomass, photosynthesis and oxidative-related responses (malondialdehyde, Ca, Fe and Mn), which might give support to asymmetry interaction between copper and atrazine accumulation in A. tatarinowii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiazhi Fan
- Yichun Luming Mining Co.,Ltd, Tieli 152500, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Zhao L, Shan C, Shi Y, Ma K, Wu J. Exploring the biosynthetic pathway of lignin in Acorus tatarinowii Schott using de novo leaf and rhizome transcriptome analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210006. [PMID: 34076245 PMCID: PMC8200657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acorus tatarinowii Schott is a well-known Chinese traditional herb. Lignin is the major biologically active ingredient and exerts a broad range of pharmacological effects: it is an antitumor, antioxidant and bacteriostatic agent, and protects the cardiovascular system. In the present study, the transcriptomes of the leaf and rhizome tissues of A. tatarinowii Schott were obtained using the BGISEQ-500 platform. A total of 141777 unigenes were successfully assembled, of which 76714 were annotated in public databases. Further analysis of the lignin biosynthesis pathway revealed a total of 107 unigenes encoding 8 key enzymes, which were involved in this pathway. Furthermore, the expression of the key genes involved in lignin synthesis in different tissues was identified by quantitative real-time PCR. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that most of the up-regulated unigenes were enriched in rhizome tissues. In addition, 2426 unigenes were annotated to the transcriptome factor (TF) family. Moreover, 16 TFs regulating the same key enzyme (peroxidase) were involved in the lignin synthesis pathway. The alignment of peroxidase amino acid sequences and the analysis of the structural characteristics revealed that the key peroxidase enzyme had well-conserved sequences, spatial structures, and active sites. The present study is the first to provide comprehensive genetic information on A. tatarinowii Schott at the transcriptional level, and will facilitate our understanding of the lignin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Zhang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Chunmiao Shan
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Clinical College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China
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Gregory J, Vengalasetti YV, Bredesen DE, Rao RV. Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040543. [PMID: 33917843 PMCID: PMC8068256 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. While the exact cause of AD is still unclear, recent studies point to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and genetic factors as contributors to disease progression. The pharmaceutical approaches developed to date do not alter disease progression. More than two hundred promising drug candidates have failed clinical trials in the past decade, suggesting that the disease and its causes may be highly complex. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies are now gaining more interest as complementary and alternative interventions and are a valuable source for developing drug candidates for AD. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals for the treatment of AD. This article reviews a subset of herbs for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Methods—This article systematically reviews recent studies that have investigated the role of neuroprotective herbs and their bioactive compounds for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and pre-Alzheimer’s disease. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions—Medicinal plants have great potential as part of an overall program in the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. It is hoped that these medicinal plants can be used in drug discovery programs for identifying safe and efficacious small molecules for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gregory
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
| | | | - Dale E. Bredesen
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
| | - Rammohan V. Rao
- Apollo Health, P.O. Box 117040, Burlingame, CA 94011, USA;
- California College of Ayurveda, 700 Zion Street, Nevada City, CA 95959, USA
- Correspondence: (D.E.B.); (R.V.R.)
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Fu Y, Lin L, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Ji L, Li C. Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Molecular Mechanism of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma Based on Network Pharmacology. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2020; 26:e924203. [PMID: 32475979 PMCID: PMC7304315 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.924203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a worldwide degenerative brain disease. The aim of this study was to identify the potential mechanism and molecular targets of ATR in AD by using network pharmacology. MATERIAL AND METHODS The potential targets of the active ingredients of ATR were predicted by PharmMapper, and the targets of Alzheimer's disease were searched by DisGeNET. All screened genes were intersected to obtain potential targets for the active ingredients of ATR. The protein-protein interaction network of possible targets was established by STRING, GO Enrichment, and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses using the Annotation of DAVID database. Next, Cytoscape was used to build the "components-targets-pathways" networks. Additionally, a "disease-component-gene-pathways" network was constructed and verified by molecular docking methods. In addition, the active constituents ß-asarone and ß-caryophyllene were used to detect Aß₁₋₄₂-mediated SH-SY5Y cells, and mRNA expression levels of APP, Tau, and core target genes were estimated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The results showed that the active components of ATR participate in related biological processes such as cancer, inflammation, cellular metabolism, and metabolic pathways and are closely related to the 13 predictive targets: ESR1, PPARG, AR, CASP3, JAK2, MAPK14, MAP2K1, ABL1, PTPN1, NR3C1, MET, INSR, and PRKACA. The ATR active components of ß-caryophyllene significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of APP, TAU, ESR1, PTPN1, and JAK2. CONCLUSIONS The targets and mechanism corresponding to the active ingredients of ATR were investigated systematically, and novel ideas and directions were provided to further study the mechanism of ATR in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yangsheng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yunbo Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Luning Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yiyou Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yehui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liting Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Changyu Li
- Department of Chinese Pharmacy, School of Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Chen G, Li Q, Bai M, Chen Y. Nitrogen Metabolism in Acorus calamus L. Leaves Induced Changes in Response to Microcystin-LR at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:280-285. [PMID: 31069404 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acorus calamus L., a semiaquatic plant with a high capacity to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from polluted water, is a potential candidate plant for use in the restoration of eutrophic aquatic ecosystems. However, it is not clear how microcystins (MCs), commonly found in eutrophic water, influence plant growth since the effects of MCs are likely to be dose and species dependent. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of nitrogen metabolism, a key metabolic process related to plant growth, in the leaves of A. calamus L. exposed to microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) (1.0-29.8 µg/L). Nitrate (NO3-) uptake, assimilation and transformation was stimulated in the leaves of A. calamus L. when exposed to 1.0 µg/L MC-LR through the elevation of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity. Conversely, MC-LR inhibited nitrogen metabolism by decreasing NO3- uptake and the activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism following exposure to MC-LR (9.9-29.8 µg/L) for 30 days, while, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) content and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased significantly (p < 0.05, LSD test), when compared with the control group. Chronic exposure to MC-LR (9.9-29.8 µg/L) negatively influenced nitrogen metabolism in A. calamus L. leaves, which suggested that it may not be a suitable candidate species for use in the restoration of eutrophic aquatic ecosystems containing MC-LR at concentrations ≥ 9.9 µg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Chen
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen, 361024, China.
| | - Qingsong Li
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Mingxian Bai
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Ligong Road 600, Xiamen, 361024, China
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Tong X, Wang X, He X, Sui Y, Shen J, Feng J. Effects of antibiotics on nitrogen uptake of four wetland plant species grown under hydroponic culture. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:10621-10630. [PMID: 30762179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of antibiotics on nitrogen removal and uptake by wetland plants, four typical macrophyte species, Cyperus alternifolius L., Typha angustifolia L., Lythrum salicaria L., and Acorus calamus L., were grown in hydroponic cultivation systems and fed wastewater polluted with 10 μg L-1 Ofloxacin (OFL) and Tetracycline (TET). Biomass production, nitrogen mass concentration, chlorophyll content, root exudates, and nitrogen removal efficiency of hydroponic cultivation were investigated. The results indicated that in all hydroponic systems, NH4+-N was entirely removed from the hydroponic substrate within 1 day and plant nitrogen accumulation was the main role of the removed NO3-. OFL and TET stimulated the accumulation of biomass and nitrogen of A. calamus but significantly inhibited the NO3--N removal ability of L. salicaria (98.6 to 76.2%) and T. augustifolia (84.3 to 40.2%). This indicates that A. calamus may be a good choice for nitrogen uptake in wetlands contaminated with antibiotics. OFL and TET improved the concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), organic acid, and soluble sugars in root exudates, especially for oxalic acid. Considering the significant correlation between TOC of root exudates and nitrogen removal efficiency, the TOC of root exudates may be an important index for choosing macrophytes to maintain nitrogen removal ability in wetlands contaminated with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yanming Sui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jimeng Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zhou J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Jiang Z. Effects of lead stress on the growth, physiology, and cellular structure of privet seedlings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191139. [PMID: 29494617 PMCID: PMC5832220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of different lead (Pb) concentrations (0, 200, 600, 1000, 1400 mg kg-1 soil) on the growth, ion enrichment in the tissues, photosynthetic and physiological characteristics, and cellular structures of privet seedlings. We observed that with the increase in the concentrations of Pb, the growth of privet seedlings was restricted, and the level of Pb ion increased in the roots, stem, and leaves of the seedlings; however, most of the ions were concentrated in the roots. Moreover, a decreasing trend was observed for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII). In contrast, the carotene levels, minimum fluorescence (F0), and non-photochemical quenching (qN) showed an increasing trend. Under Pb stress, the chloroplasts were swollen and deformed, and the thylakoid lamellae were gradually expanded, resulting in separation from the cell wall and eventual shrinkage of the nucleus. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we found that the content of Pb in the leaves exerted the maximum effect on the seedling growth. We observed that the decrease in photosynthetic activation energy, increase in pressure because of the excess activation energy, and decrease in the transpiration rate could result in maximum effect on the photosynthetic abilities of the seedlings under Pb stress. Our results should help in better understanding of the effects of heavy metals on plants and in assessing their potential for use in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang Henan, China
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaopei Zhang
- Experimental Center of Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang Henan, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Jeelani N, Yang W, Xu L, Qiao Y, An S, Leng X. Phytoremediation potential of Acorus calamus in soils co-contaminated with cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8028. [PMID: 28808325 PMCID: PMC5556126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising technology for the remediation of sites co-contaminated with inorganic (heavy metal) and organic pollutants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the independent and interactive effects of cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the growth of the wetland plant Acorus calamus and its ability to uptake, accumulate, and remove pollutants from soils. Our results showed that growth and biomass of A. calamus were significantly influenced by the interaction of Cd and PAHs after 60 days of growth. The combined treatment of low Cd and low PAHs increased plant biomass and Cd accumulation in plant tissues, thus enhancing Cd removal. Dissipation of PAHs from soils was not significantly influenced by Cd addition or by the presence of plants. Correlation analysis also indicated a positive relationship between residual concentrations of phenantherene and pyrene (PAHs), whereas enzyme activities (dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase) were negatively correlated with each other. Cluster analysis was used to evaluate the similarity between different treatments during phytoremediation of Cd and PAHs. Our results suggest that A. calamus might be useful for phytoremediation of co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Jeelani
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lingqian Xu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Qiao
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Leng
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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13
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Kumwimba MN, Zhu B. Effectiveness of Vegetated Drainage Ditches for Domestic Sewage Effluent Mitigation. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 98:682-689. [PMID: 28289808 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant species have an important role in eco-ditches; however, the Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters of nutrient uptake, growth rate and purification efficiency of ditch plants and their influences on domestic sewage treatment efficiency are still unclear. Growth rates of all nine species, but especially Lemna gibba, Cladophora and Myriophyllum verticillatum were best in undiluted domestic sewage as opposed to a mixture of domestic sewage. Performance of species to accumulate nutrients was not only species-specific, but was also affected by both sewage treatments. Removal efficiency of nutrients was dependent on both plant species and treatment. Uptake kinetic parameters were significantly affected by both nutrient form and plant species. The maximum uptake rate (Vmax) of NH4-N was higher than NO3-N. Similarly, Km values for NH4-N were greater than NO3-N. These results could be used to identify plants for sewage treatment efficiency and enhance water quality in eco-ditch treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #.9, Block 4, Ren min nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #.9, Block 4, Ren min nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Q, Li C, Zheng R, Que X. Phytoremediation of chlorpyrifos in aqueous system by riverine macrophyte, Acorus calamus: toxicity and removal rate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:16241-16248. [PMID: 27154841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential of Acorus calamus to remove chlorpyrifos from water was assessed under laboratory conditions. Toxic effects of the insecticide in A. calamus were evaluated using pulse-amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence techniques as well. At exposure concentrations above 8 mg L(-1), A. calamus showed obvious phytotoxic symptom with significant reduction in quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in 20-day test; the inhibition of maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was accompanied by a significant rise in initial chlorophyll fluorescence (Fo) within 15-day exposures. Fv/Fm and Fo recover to the normal level after 20-day exposure. The reduced removal rate to chlorpyrifos was observed with increase of initial chlorpyrifos concentrations. At application levels of 1, 2, and 4 mg L(-1), the disappearance rate of chlorpyrifos in the hydroponic system with plants was significantly greater than that without plants during the 20-day test periods. Chlorpyrifos was taken up from medium and transferred to above ground tissues by the plant and significant amounts of chlorpyrifos accumulated in plant tissues. The result indicated that A. calamus can promote the disappearance of chlorpyrifos from water and may be used for phytoremediation of water contaminated with a relatively low concentration of chlorpyrifos insecticide (<4 mg L(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Wang
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cui Li
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilun Zheng
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Que
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zong XX, Min MY, Sun GF, Li N, An SQ, Leng X. [Water purification of four aquatic plant species with the presence of iron-carbon interior electrolytic substrates.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2016; 27:2084-2090. [PMID: 29737114 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201607.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To compare water purification of common aquatic plants in wetland ecosystem, four common aquatic plant species (Eichhornia crassipes, Nymphaea tetragona, Acorus calamus and Phragmites australis) were used as study species. The effect of aquatic plants on the change of sewage ammonium nitrogen, COD, TP content during different experimental time (1-5 d) with the presence of iron-carbon interior electrolytic substrates were analyzed in small scale experimental apparatus. The results showed that single and combined aquatic plants could effectively remove ammonium nitrogen, COD, TP from the sewage compared with the no-plant control group, but the efficiencies were significantly different among the different species. Ammonium nitrogen removal up to 100% was achieved with E. crassipes in two days, and A. calamus in three days. Each plant combination performed well on ammonium nitrogen removal. Concentration of the sewage COD approached zero with E. crassipes in three days, A. calamus performed secondly. The concentration of COD in combination of E. crassipes and A. calamus water decreased by 85.1% to a minimum of 4.33 mg·L-1. The concentration of TP was the lowest with E. crassipes in four days, and second with P. australis. The lowest concentration of TP was found with the combination of E. crassipes and A. calamusin two days. The combination effect of interior electrolyte and plant was better than that of pure interior electrolyte on the purification of sewage. Plant configuration should be optimized according to the level of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang Zong
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Meng Yue Min
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Guang Fang Sun
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shu Qing An
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xin Leng
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
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16
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Wang L, Li T. Vegetation effects on anammox spatial distribution and nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands treated with domestic sewage. Water Sci Technol 2014; 70:1370-1375. [PMID: 25353942 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) (planted and unplanted) were constructed and compared to investigate the effects of vegetation on nitrogen removal and anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) spatial distribution and enrichment. Calamus (Acorus calamus L.), which has a large root system, was selected as the vegetation. Removal of total nitrogen from the planted wetland was much higher than that from the unplanted one. Radial oxygen loss from calamus provided the planted wetland with better oxygen restoration ability, benefitting ammonium removal in the CW, especially when anammox was inhibited under winter temperatures. Enrichment of anammox bacteria in planted wetlands was much greater than that in unplanted ones. The greatest enrichment of anammox bacteria occurred in the middle layer, which had a better anaerobic environment and moderate root system. The reduced rate of metabolism in plants during winter led to a sharp decrease in anammox bacteria copy numbers in the planted wetland. Under cold temperature, the degree of enrichment with anammox bacteria in the planted wetland was similar to or slightly superior to that in the unplanted wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
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17
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He H, Gao H, Chen G, Li H, Lin H, Shu Z. Effects of perchlorate on growth of four wetland plants and its accumulation in plant tissues. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:7301-7308. [PMID: 23673920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate contamination in water is of concern because of uncertainties about toxicity and health effects, impact on ecosystems, and possible indirect exposure pathways to humans. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the ecotoxicology of perchlorate and to screen plant species for phytoremediation. Effects of perchlorate (20, 200, and 500 mg/L) on the growth of four wetland plants (Eichhornia crassipes, Acorus calamus L., Thalia dealbata, and Canna indica) as well as its accumulation in different plant tissues were investigated through water culture experiments. Twenty milligrams per liter of perchlorate had no significant effects on height, root length, aboveground part weight, root weight, and oxidizing power of roots of four plants, except A. calamus, and increasing concentrations of perchlorate showed that out of the four wetland plants, only A. calamus had a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in these parameters. When treated with 500 mg/L perchlorate, these parameters and chlorophyll content in the leaf of plants showed significant decline contrasted to control groups, except the root length of E. crassipes and C. indica. The order of inhibition rates of perchlorate on root length, aboveground part weight and root weight, and oxidizing power of roots was: A. calamus > C. indica > T. dealbata > E. crassipes and on chlorophyll content in the leaf it was: A. calamus > T. dealbata > C. indica > E. crassipes. The higher the concentration of perchlorate used, the higher the amount of perchlorate accumulation in plants. Perchlorate accumulation in aboveground tissues was much higher than that in underground tissues and leaf was the main tissue for perchlorate accumulation. The order of perchlorate accumulation content and the bioconcentration factor in leaf of four plants was: E. crassipes > C. indica > T. dealbata > A. calamus. Therefore, E. crassipes might be an ideal plant with high tolerance ability and accumulation ability for constructing wetland to remediate high levels of perchlorate polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, the Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Zhao YJ, Cheng P, Pei X, Zhang H, Yan C, Wang SB. Performance of hybrid vertical up- and downflow subsurface flow constructed wetlands in treating synthetic high-strength wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:4886-4894. [PMID: 23314681 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The performance and temporal variation of hybrid vertical-subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) in response to two-stage combinations of vertical upflow (VUF) and vertical downflow (VDF) were analyzed in this research. The results of high carbon (C) treatment and high nitrogen (N) treatment were similar. The Lythrum salicaria treatment showed higher removal efficiency than CWs planted with Acorus calamus. Under high C- and N-loading treatments, the optimum two-stage combination was VDF-VUF VFCWs planted with A. calamus. Furthermore, the highest nutrient removal efficiencies were achieved in late summer (July and August) and early autumn (September). The chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal efficiencies were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by season, system, and wetland plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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19
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Pollier J, Goossens A. Metabolite profiling of plant tissues by liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1011:277-286. [PMID: 23616004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-414-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants accumulate an overwhelming variety of secondary metabolites that play important roles in defense and interaction of the plant with its environment. To investigate the dynamics of plant secondary metabolism, large-scale untargeted metabolite profiling (metabolomics) is mandatory. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for untargeted metabolite profiling in which methanol extracts of jasmonate-treated plant tissues are analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MS). By means of dedicated integration and alignment software, the relative abundance of thousands of mass peaks, corresponding to hundreds of compounds, is calculated, and mass peaks of which the area is significantly changed by jasmonate treatment are identified. Subsequently, the metabolites corresponding to the significantly changed peaks are tentatively annotated using the accurate mass prediction of the Fourier transform-MS and the generated MS/MS data. Via this method, compounds of medium polarity, such as glucosinolates, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, polyamines, and saponins, can be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
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Abstract
A hydroponic system was used to evaluate atrazine (ATZ) removal and uptake by three emergent hydrophytes, Iris pseudacorus, Lythrum salicaria and Acorus calamus, determining their potential as phytoremediation agents for ATZ-contaminated water. After 20 days of exposure, the relative growth rate of plants in sterile conditions was less than in natural conditions. ATZ amount in a culture solution planted with emergent plants decreased significantly compared with an unplanted solution, and the removal rate of ATZ in natural conditions was greater than in sterile conditions (p < 0.05). The degradation contributions of I. pseudacorus, L. salicaria and A. calamus were 75.6, 65.5 and 61.8%, respectively. Those of the corresponding microbial population in the solution were 5.4, 11.4 and 17.4%, respectively. Emergent plants play a dominant role in reducing the ATZ level in the water body and could be used as phytoremediation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Wang
- Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China.
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Dong C, Zhu W, Gao M, Zhao LF, Huang JY, Zhao YQ. Diurnal fluctuations in oxygen release from roots of Acorus calamus Linn in a modeled constructed wetland. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2011; 46:224-229. [PMID: 21279892 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2011.535391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is known to be released from plant roots, but has seldom been quantified for wetland plants. Our study aims to quantify oxygen release from the roots of one wetland species in China, and use this knowledge as a basis for future modeling. We measured diurnal fluctuations in oxygen release from the roots of Acorus calamus Linn in a modeled constructed wetland (CW) using a titanium ([image omitted]) citrate buffer. Oxygen release was monitored every two hours. Maximum oxygen release was recorded in the range of 215.2-750.8 μmolg(-1)h(-1) and occurred around 15:00. The maximum value of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was in the range of 1281.8-1712.0 mmolm(-2)s(-1) and occurred around 13:00. Both the oxygen release rate and PAR were found to approach zero at night. Our results indicate that oxygen release depends largely on light intensity and exhibits a diurnal periodicity with release occurring only during daytime. Rate of root oxygen release varied during the daytime and this temporal variation was well described by the Gaussian function. While further validation is needed, we suggest that the Gaussian function may be used as the basis for modeling root oxygen release in natural and constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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Kumari R, Singh S, Agrawal SB. Response of ultraviolet-B induced antioxidant defense system in a medicinal plant, Acorus calamus. J Environ Biol 2010; 31:907-911. [PMID: 21506474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation generates an oxidative stress in plant cells due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can denature enzymes and damage important cellular components. In the present study, an important medicinal plant Acorus calamus (Sweet flag) was subjected to two doses of supplemental UV-B radiation (sUV-B): sUV1 (+ 1.8 kJ m(-2) d(-1)) and sUV2 (+3.6 kJ m(-2) d(-1)) to evaluate the relative response of antioxidant defense potential. Stimulation of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) was observed at initial growth period while the activities of CAT and SOD decreased at later age of sampling. sUV-B induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) was observed showing alteration of membrane properties. No definite trend of change was observed for ascorbic acid (AsA), while increments in thiol, proline, phenol and protein contents were observed due to sUV-B. Results suggested that sUV-B radiation may stimulate the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system of Acorus plants, showing its better adaptation at lower dose of sUV-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kumari
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi--221 005, India
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Mao QQ, Huang Z, Zhong XM, Feng CR, Pan AJ, Li ZY, Ip SP, Che CT. Effects of SYJN, a Chinese herbal formula, on chronic unpredictable stress-induced changes in behavior and brain BDNF in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128:336-341. [PMID: 20138132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Suyu-Jiaonang (SYJN) is a Chinese herbal formula that contains four herbs: Bupleurum chinense DC, Curcuma aromatica Salisb., Perilla frutescens (Linn.) Britt., and Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have revealed an antidepressant-like effect of the formula in various mouse models of behavioral despair. The present study aimed to investigate whether SYJN could produce antidepressant-like effects in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression model in rats and its possible mechanism(s). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to an experimental setting of CUS. The effect of SYJN treatment on CUS-induced depression was examined using behavioral tests including the sucrose consumption and open field tests. The mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like action of SYJN was examined by measuring brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA expression in brain tissues of CUS-exposed rats. RESULTS Exposure to CUS for 4 weeks caused depression-like behavior in rats, as indicated by significant decreases in sucrose consumption and locomotor activity (assessed in the open field test). In addition, it was found that BDNF protein and mRNA levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were lower in CUS-treated rats, as compared to controls. Daily intragastric administration of SYJN (1300 or 2600 mg/kg) during the 4-week period of CUS significantly suppressed behavioral changes and attenuated the CUS-induced decrease in BDNF protein and mRNA levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. CONCLUSION The results suggest that SYJN alleviates depression induced by CUS. The antidepressant-like activity of SYJN is likely mediated by the increase in BDNF expression in brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qiu Mao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Kumari R, Agrawal SB, Singh S, Dubey NK. Supplemental ultraviolet-B induced changes in essential oil composition and total phenolics of Acorus calamus L. (sweet flag). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009; 72:2013-9. [PMID: 19321203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of supplemental UV-B radiation (sUV-B) was evaluated on the essential oil contents of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.), a medicinal plant grown under natural field conditions. After the emergence of two leaves, plants were exposed to sUV-B radiation of 1.8 kJ m(-2) above the ambient level of UV-B. The level of essential oil and phenol contents increased with exposure to sUV-B. Exposure of sUV-B resulted in significant increase in p-cymene and carvacrol contents of essential oil. Decrease in the level of major component beta-asarone due to sUV-B treatment is of prime importance, because of its toxicological concern to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kumari
- Lab of Air Pollution & Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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