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Kumar A, Mustafa MA, Fouly A, Bains PS, Sharma R, Bisht YS, Awwad EM, Singh P. NiO x/PANI nanocomposite doped carbon paste as electrode for long-term stable and highly efficient perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13374-13383. [PMID: 38660528 PMCID: PMC11040547 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a hopeful alternative in the realm of photovoltaics. They are considered promising due to their affordability, remarkable durability in humid environments, and impressive electrical conductivity. One approach to address the cost issue is to use affordable counter electrodes in PSCs that do not require organic hole transport materials (HTMs). This study utilized an innovative and economical method to create NiOx/PANI nanocomposites. Later, these nanoparticles were integrated into a carbon paste to act as an HTM. This incorporation is intended to optimize charge extraction, improve interfacial contact, align energy levels, reduce energy loss, minimize charge recombination, and protect the perovskite (FAPbI3) surface from degradation. The optoelectronic properties of these devices were investigated, and all cells showed improved efficiency compared to control cells. The NiOx/PANI doped carbon (NiOx/PANI+CE) exhibited excellent performance due to strong hole conductivity, well-aligned energy levels, and the formation of stepwise band alignment at the perovskite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GLA University Mathura-281406 India
| | | | - Ahmed Fouly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University P.O. Box 800 Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pardeep Singh Bains
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University Bengaluru Karnataka-560069 India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vivekananda Global University Jaipur Rajasthan 303012 India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- School of Engineering and Technology, Shobhit University Gangoh Uttar Pradesh-247341 India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arka Jain University Jamshedpur Jharkhand-831001 India
| | - Yashwant Singh Bisht
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University Dehradun-248007 India
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University P.O. Box 800 Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Parminder Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala India
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Bhatti UA, Bhatti MA, Tang H, Syam MS, Awwad EM, Sharaf M, Ghadi YY. Global production patterns: Understanding the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions, agriculture greening and climate variability. Environ Res 2024; 245:118049. [PMID: 38169167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change due to increased greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the atmosphere has been consistently observed since the mid-20th century. The profound influence of global climate change on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, encompassing carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), has established a vital feedback loop that contributes to further climate change. This intricate relationship necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the underlying feedback mechanisms. By examining the interactions between global climate change, soil, and GHG emissions, we can elucidate the complexities of CO2, CH4, and N2O dynamics and their implications. In this study, we evaluate the global climate change relationship with GHG globally in 246 countries. We find a robust positive association between climate and GHG emissions. By 2100, GHG emissions will increase in all G7 countries and China while decreasing in the United Kingdom based on current economic growth policies, resulting in a net global increase, suggesting that climate-driven increase in GHG and climate variations impact crop production loss due to soil impacts and not provide climate adaptation. The study highlights the diverse strategies employed by G7 countries in reducing GHG emissions, with France leveraging nuclear power, Germany focusing on renewables, and Italy targeting its industrial and transportation sectors. The UK and Japan are making significant progress in emission reduction through renewable energy, while the US and Canada face challenges due to their industrial activities and reliance on fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Aslam Bhatti
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | | | - Hao Tang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - M S Syam
- IOT Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Waseem F, Sohail M, Ilyas N, Awwad EM, Sharaf M, Khan MJ, Tulu A. Entropy analysis of MHD hybrid nanoparticles with OHAM considering viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1096. [PMID: 38212335 PMCID: PMC10784565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This research explores the 3-D flow characteristics, entropy generation and heat transmission behavior of nanofluids consisting of copper and titanium in water as they flow across a bidirectional apparent, while considering the influence of magneto-hydrodynamics. The thermophysical properties of nanofluids are taken advantage of utilizing the Tiwari and Das demonstrate. The concept of the boundary layer has facilitated the comprehension of the physical ideas derived from it. By applying requisite transformations, the connected intricate sets of partial differential equation have been converted into ordinary differential equation. The modified model is calculated employing the widely recognized technique known as OHAM by using Mathematica program BVPh2.0 Software. For different dimensionless parameters computational and graphical investigations have been performed. It is notice that as fluid parameters change, they exhibit distinct responses in comparison to the temperature, velocity profiles and entropy generation. The results show that velocity profile rise with greater estimates of the magnetic parameter and the rate of entropy formation. Furthermore, thermal profiles become less significant as Eckert and Prandtl numbers increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Waseem
- Department of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Nida Ilyas
- Department of Mathematics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jahangir Khan
- Department of Advance Materials and Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ayele Tulu
- Department of Mathematics, CNCS Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
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Wang C, Ahmad SF, Bani Ahmad Ayassrah AY, Awwad EM, Irshad M, Ali YA, Al-Razgan M, Khan Y, Han H. An empirical evaluation of technology acceptance model for Artificial Intelligence in E-commerce. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18349. [PMID: 37520947 PMCID: PMC10382301 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential to Electronic-Commerce technology over the past decades. Its fast growth has changed the way consumers do online shopping. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework, this research examines how AI can be made more effective and profitable in e-commerce and how entrepreneurs can make AI technology to assist in achieving their business goals. In this regard, an online survey was conducted from the online purchasers of e-commerce firms. The Partial Least Square (PLS) Smart was used to examine the data. The broadly used TAM was identified as an appropriate hypothetical model for studying the acceptance of AI technology in e-commerce. The findings of this study show that Subjective Norms positively impact Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Pursued Ease of Use (PEU), trust has a positive effect on PEU, and PEU positively impacts PU and attitudes toward use. Similarly, PU also has a positive effect on attitudes toward use and intention to use. Furthermore, the findings do not support the impact of Trust on PU and attitudes towards behavioural intention to use. Lastly, behavioural intention to use positively impacted the actual use of AI technology. This study adds theoretical and practical knowledge for adopting the TAM model in the E-commerce sector. It helps entrepreneurs to implement the TAM model in their business to use AI in a better and more appropriate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Wang
- Changchun Tongtai Corporation Management Services Co. Ltd, China
| | - Sayed Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Engineering Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi 75190, Pakistan
| | | | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, University of Gwadar, Pakistan
| | - Yasser A. Ali
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muna Al-Razgan
- Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Khan
- Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Heesup Han
- Professor Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mir I, Gul F, Mir S, Abualigah L, Zitar RA, Hussien AG, Awwad EM, Sharaf M. Multi-Agent Variational Approach for Robotics: A Bio-Inspired Perspective. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:294. [PMID: 37504182 PMCID: PMC10807404 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes an adaptable, bio-inspired optimization algorithm for Multi-Agent Space Exploration. The recommended approach combines a parameterized Aquila Optimizer, a bio-inspired technology, with deterministic Multi-Agent Exploration. Stochastic factors are integrated into the Aquila Optimizer to enhance the algorithm's efficiency. The architecture, called the Multi-Agent Exploration-Parameterized Aquila Optimizer (MAE-PAO), starts by using deterministic MAE to assess the cost and utility values of nearby cells encircling the agents. A parameterized Aquila Optimizer is then used to further increase the exploration pace. The effectiveness of the proposed MAE-PAO methodology is verified through extended simulations in various environmental conditions. The algorithm viability is further evaluated by comparing the results with those of the contemporary CME-Aquila Optimizer (CME-AO) and the Whale Optimizer. The comparison adequately considers various performance parameters, such as the percentage of the map explored, the number of unsuccessful runs, and the time needed to explore the map. The comparisons are performed on numerous maps simulating different scenarios. A detailed statistical analysis is performed to check the efficacy of the algorithm. We conclude that the proposed algorithm's average rate of exploration does not deviate much compared to contemporary algorithms. The same idea is checked for exploration time. Thus, we conclude that the results obtained for the proposed MAE-PAO algorithm provide significant advantages in terms of enhanced map exploration with lower execution times and nearly no failed runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Mir
- School of Avionics and Electrical Engineering, College of Aeronautical Engineering, NUST, Risalpur 23200, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Gul
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Air University, Aerospace and Aviation Campus Kamra, Kamra 43600, Pakistan;
| | - Suleman Mir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 21524, Pakistan;
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Computer Science Department, Prince Hussein Bin Abdullah Faculty for Information Technology, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan
- Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Raed Abu Zitar
- Sorbonne Center of Artificial Intelligence, Sorbonne University-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 38044, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abdelazim G. Hussien
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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Naheed S, Zuber M, Salman M, Rasool N, Siddique Z, Shaik MR, Sharaf MAF, Abdelgawad A, Sekou D, Awwad EM. Impact of Macrodiols on the Morphological Behavior of H 12MDI/HDO-Based Polyurethane Elastomer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132060. [PMID: 34201738 PMCID: PMC8271776 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the morphological behavior of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) by modifying the soft segment chain length. This was achieved by increasing the soft segment molecular weight (Mn = 400–4000 gmol−1). In this regard, polycaprolactone diol (PCL) was selected as the soft segment, and 4,4′-cyclohexamethylene diisocyanate (H12MDI) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) were chosen as the hard segments. The films were prepared by curing polymer on Teflon surfaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized for functional group identification in the prepared elastomers. FTIR peaks indicated the disappearance of −NCO and −OH groups and the formation of urethane (NHCOO) groups. The morphological behavior of the synthesized polymer samples was also elucidated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The AFM and SEM results indicated that the extent of microphase separation was enhanced by an increase in the molecular weight of PCL. The phase separation and degree of crystallinity of the soft and hard segments were described using X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the degree of crystallinity of the synthesized polymers increased with an increase in the soft segment’s chain length. To evaluate hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, the contact angle was measured. A gradual increase in the contact angle with distilled water and diiodomethane (38.6°–54.9°) test liquids was observed. Moreover, the decrease in surface energy (46.95–24.45 mN/m) was also found to be inconsistent by increasing the molecular weight of polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Naheed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; (N.R.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +966-11-4670439 (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan;
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; (N.R.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zumaira Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan; (N.R.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +966-11-4670439 (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohammed A. F. Sharaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.F.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdelatty Abdelgawad
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.F.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Doumbia Sekou
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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Abukhadra MR, AlHammadi A, El-Sherbeeny AM, Salam MA, El-Meligy MA, Awwad EM, Luqman M. Enhancing the removal of organic and inorganic selenium ions using an exfoliated kaolinite/cellulose fibres nanocomposite. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Jiang Y, Abukhadra MR, Refay NM, Sharaf MF, El-Meligy MA, Awwad EM. Synthesis of chitosan/MCM-48 and β-cyclodextrin/MCM-48 composites as bio-adsorbents for environmental removal of Cd2+ ions; kinetic and equilibrium studies. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abukhadra MR, Ali SM, Nasr EA, Mahmoud HAA, Awwad EM. Effective Sequestration of Phosphate and Ammonium Ions by the Bentonite/Zeolite Na-P Composite as a Simple Technique to Control the Eutrophication Phenomenon: Realistic Studies. ACS Omega 2020; 5:14656-14668. [PMID: 32596603 PMCID: PMC7315597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A bentonite/Zeolite-P (BE/ZP) composite was synthesized by controlled alkaline hydrothermal treatment of bentonite at 150 °C for 4 h for effective sequestration of phosphate and ammonium pollutants. The composite is of 512 m2/g surface area, 387 meq/100 g ion-exchange capacity, and 5.8 nm average pore diameter. The experimental investigation reflected the strong effect of the pH value in directing the uptake behavior and the best results were attained at pH 6. The kinetic properties showed an excellent agreement for phosphate and ammonium adsorption results with the pseudo-second-order model showing equilibrium intervals of 600 and 360 min, respectively, and maximum experimental capacities of 170 and 155 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, their equilibrium modeling confirmed excellent fitness with the Langmuir hypothesis, signifying homogeneous and monolayer uptake processes with a theoretical q max of 179.4 and 166 mg/g for phosphate and ammonium, respectively. Moreover, the calculated Gaussian adsorption energies of phosphate (0.8 kJ/mol) and ammonium (0.72 kJ/mol) suggested physisorption for them with mechanisms close to the zeolitic ion-exchange process or the coulumbic attractive forces. This was supported by the assessed thermodynamic parameters which also suggested spontaneous uptake by endothermic reaction for phosphate and exothermic reaction for ammonium. The BE/ZP composite is of excellent reusability and used for eight recyclability runs achieving removal percentages of 61.5 and 74.5% for phosphate and ammonium, respectively, in run 8. Finally, the composite was applied in the purification of sewage water and groundwater, achieving complete removal for phosphate from sewage water and ammonium from groundwater and reduction of the ammonium ions in the sewage water to 2.3 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa R. Abukhadra
- Geology
Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni Suef City 62511, Egypt
- Materials
Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City 62511, Egypt
| | - Samar Mohamed Ali
- Materials
Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City 62511, Egypt
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef
University, Beni Suef City 62511, Egypt
| | - Emad Abouel Nasr
- Industrial
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty
of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo 11732, Egypt
| | - Haitham Abbas Ahmed Mahmoud
- Industrial
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty
of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo 11732, Egypt
| | - Emad Mahrous Awwad
- Electrical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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