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Dou DC, Qi R, Xiao SM, Su GX, Guo YX. [Distribution Characteristics of Arsenic in Drinking Water in China and Its Health Risk Based on Disability-adjusted Life Years]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2024; 45:131-139. [PMID: 38216465 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic can lead to functional damage to many organs and can be life-threatening. It is of great significance to analyze the distribution characteristics of arsenic in water and evaluate its potential risk for preventing and controlling human health hazards caused by water-derived arsenic. Based on the published data from 2000 to 2022, the geographical distribution characteristics of arsenic in drinking water across China were systematically analyzed in detail, and the health risk of arsenic in drinking water was quantitatively assessed using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which represent the burden of disease. The results showed that the average concentration of arsenic in drinking water in China was (2.88 ±0.33) μg·L-1, which was lower than the limit of 10 μg·L-1 set by the standard for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2022). Nevertheless, the arsenic in drinking water in some provinces, including Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia, was still higher than the limit. The arsenic concentration in drinking water in northern China was higher than that in southern China, and that in rural areas was higher than that in cities. The estimated health risk of arsenic in drinking water (1.63×10-6 DALYs per person-year) was higher than the acceptable risk level of waterborne exposure of 1.0×10-6 DALYs per person-year set by the World Health Organization. The personal health risks related to arsenic in drinking water in the six geographical regions were ranked as follows:North China > Northeast China > Central South China > Northwest China > Southwest China > East China. Almost all (99.4%) of the health burden associated with water arsenic was attributable to skin and lung cancer, which caused 2 905.25 and 1 513.96 DALYs per year, respectively. Most (78.0%) of the health burden was borne by people aged 45 years or older. In addition, given the proportion of each age group in the total population, older persons over the age of 60 bear a higher drinking-water-associated arsenic burden at the individual level than others, and attention should be consequently paid to them when controlling the risk of arsenic in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Cheng Dou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shu-Min Xiao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Gao-Xin Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Zeng X, Yu J, Zhang S, Ni T, Ma D. Ecological risk of phenol on typical biota of the northern Chinese river from an integrated probability perspective: the Hun River as an example. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1512. [PMID: 37989793 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Phenol, known for its bioaccumulative nature and severe toxicity to riverine organisms, poses complex challenges for ecological risk assessment. To tackle this issue, we developed a three-stage incremental assessment method, providing an integrated perspective on phenol toxicity risk for aquatic organisms. The findings indicated that phenol concentrations were generally higher in the aquatic environments of northern rivers, such as the Hun River, Taizi River, and Liao River, compared to those in southern China. The evaluation results at individual points showed that the ecological risk of phenol to aquatic organisms ranked from high to low during rainy, dry, and normal seasons, showing seasonal variation characteristics. Regarding spatial variation along the river, the ecological risk of phenol gradually increased from upper reaches, peaked in the middle reaches, and then decreased in the lower reaches. Considering the different species types, fish face a higher risk of toxic effects of phenol than invertebrates when exposed to phenol over a long period of time, probably due to the bioaccumulative nature of phenol. To address ecological risk control at the watershed scale, there is an urgent need to revise China's current river water quality standards. It is essential to increase the emphasis on ecological risk control for aquatic organisms. Developing more targeted and refined ecological risk control strategies for river phenols is crucial to maintain a healthier and more vibrant river ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zeng
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlan Yu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Ni
- School of Geography and Ocean Science of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daoming Ma
- The School of Social and Behavioral Sciences of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Li F, Bao Y, Chen L, Su Z, Tang Y, Wen D. Screening of priority antibiotics in Chinese seawater based on the persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity and resistance. Environ Int 2023; 179:108140. [PMID: 37595537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are emerging pollutants that have detrimental effects on both target and non-target organisms in the environment. However, current methods for environmental risk assessment primarily focus on the risk to non-target organisms in ecosystems, overlooking a crucial risk of antibiotics - the induction of resistance in targeted bacteria. To address this oversight, we have incorporated resistance (R) risk with persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) to establish a more comprehensive PBTR (persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and resistance) framework for antibiotic-specific risk assessment. Using the PBTR framework, we evaluated 74 antibiotics detected in Chinese seawater from 2000 to 2021, and identified priority antibiotics. Our analysis revealed that the priority antibiotics with R risk accounted for the largest proportion (50% to 70%), followed by P risk (40% to 58%), T risk (16% to 35%) and B risk (0 to 13%). To further categorize these priority antibiotics, we assigned them a risk level according to their fulfillment of criteria related to P, B, T, and R. Antibiotics meeting all four indicators were classified as Grade I, representing the highest risk level. Grade II and Grade III were assigned to antibiotics meeting three or two indicators, respectively. Antibiotics meeting only one indicator were classified as Grade IV, representing the lowest risk level. The majority of priority antibiotics fell into Grade IV, indicating low risk (55% to 79%), followed by Grade III (16% to 45%). The highest risk antibiotic identified in this study was clindamycin (CLIN), categorized as Grade II, in the East China Sea. Our findings aligned with previous studies for 25 antibiotics, affirming the validity of the PBTR framework. Moreover, we identified 13 new priority antibiotics, highlighting the advancement of this approach. This study provides a feasible screening strategy and monitoring recommendations for priority antibiotics in Chinese seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, China
| | - Yingyu Bao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Lyujun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yushi Tang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, USA
| | - Donghui Wen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China.
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Suran M. EPA Takes Action Against Harmful "Forever Chemicals" in the US Water Supply. JAMA 2022; 328:1795-1797. [PMID: 36260342 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This Medical News article discusses new EPA advisories for a class of synthetic chemical compounds known as PFAS, which are ubiquitous in the environment and in humans, as well as new National Academies guidance on expanded testing for exposure.
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Rembischevski P, Paumgartten FJR. On the excess of cancer cases attributable to drinking water contamination by pesticides in Brazil (Comment on Panis et al. 2022. Widespread pesticide contamination of drinking water and impact on cancer risk in Brazil. Environ. Int. 165: 107321). Environ Int 2022; 169:107539. [PMID: 36162280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Abstract
This Medical News feature explains and explores microplastics.
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Dave DM, Yang M. Lead in drinking water and birth outcomes: A tale of two water treatment plants. J Health Econ 2022; 84:102644. [PMID: 35732085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent lead-in-water crisis in Newark has renewed concerns about the crisis being a widespread problem in the nation. Using data on the exact home addresses of pregnant women residing in the city combined with information on the spatial boundary separating areas within the city serviced by two water treatment plants, we exploit an exogenous change in water chemistry that resulted in lead leaching into the tap water of one plant's service area, but not the other's, to identify a causal effect of prenatal lead exposure on fetal health. We find robust evidence of adverse health impacts, which has important policy implications in light of the substantial number of lead water pipes that remain in use as part of our aging infrastructure and the cost-benefit calculus of lead abatement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval M Dave
- Department of Economics, Bentley University, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), and Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), USA.
| | - Muzhe Yang
- Department of Economics, Lehigh University, 621 Taylor Street, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Ogura AP, Moreira RA, da Silva LCM, Negro GS, Freitas JS, da Silva Pinto TJ, Lopes LFDP, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG. Irrigation with Water Contaminated by Sugarcane Pesticides and Vinasse Can Inhibit Seed Germination and Crops Initial Growth. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 82:330-340. [PMID: 35138446 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane crops are dependent on chemicals for maintaining plantations. Therefore, environmental consequences concern adjacent areas that can be affected by contaminants in common use, including pesticides and vinasse (i.e., a by-product from the ethanol industry). This study aimed to evaluate phytotoxicity through two plant bioassays with water from mesocosms contaminated with the herbicide 2,4-D (447.0 μg L-1), the insecticide fipronil (63.5 μg L-1), and sugarcane vinasse (1.3%). First, the germination test (4 d) with Eruca sativa L. assessed water samples collected three times after the contamination (2 h, 14 d, and 30 d), considering germination, shoot, and root growth. The results from this bioassay indicated higher phytotoxicity for 2,4-D as it fully inhibited the shoot and root growth even in low concentrations (0.2 μg L-1). However, no significant effect was reported for fipronil and vinasse. Also, the 2,4-D effects drastically decreased due to an expressive concentration reduction (99.4% after 30 d in mixture with vinasse). Second, the irrigation test with Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L. considered shoot and root growth and biomass under 21 days after plants emergence. The herbicide 2,4-D inhibited the initial growth of tested species, especially the roots (up to 45% inhibition). Furthermore, sugarcane vinasse caused harmful effects on plant growth (up to 31% inhibition). Therefore, our data showed that these contaminants could inhibit plant germination and initial growth under our tested conditions. These evaluations can endorse risk assessments and water management in sugarcane crops surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Giovana Spinelli Negro
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador Sancarlense Avenue, 400, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
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10
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Ekelund Ugge GMO, Jonsson A, Walstad A, Berglund O. Evaluation of transcriptional biomarkers using a high-resolution regression approach: Concentration-dependence of selected transcripts in copper-exposed freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 90:103795. [PMID: 34971800 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We tested concentration-dependence of selected gene transcripts (cat, gst, hsp70, hsp90, mt and sod) for evaluation as biomarkers of chemical stress. Contrary to the common approach of factorial designs and few exposure concentrations, we used regression across a high-resolution concentration series. Specifically, freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina) were acutely (96 h) exposed to Cu (13 nominal concentrations, measuring 0.13-1 600 µg/L), and transcripts were measured by RT-qPCR. In digestive glands, cat, hsp90 and mt decreased with water Cu (p < 0.05), but response magnitudes saturated at < 2-fold decreases. In gills, gst, hsp70, hsp90 and mt increased with water Cu (p < 0.05). While hsp70, hsp90 and mt exceeded 2-fold increases within the exposure range, high Cu concentrations were required (38-160 µg/L). Although gill responses were generally more robust compared to digestive glands, overall small response magnitudes and moderate sensitivity may set limit for potential application as general biomarkers of chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf M O Ekelund Ugge
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden; School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen 3, SE-541 46 Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Annie Jonsson
- School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen 3, SE-541 46 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Anders Walstad
- ALS Scandinavia Toxicon AB, Rosenhällsvägen 29, SE-261 92 Härslöv, Sweden
| | - Olof Berglund
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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11
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Bejarano S, Diemel V, Feuring A, Ghilardi M, Harder T. No short-term effect of sinking microplastics on heterotrophy or sediment clearing in the tropical coral Stylophora pistillata. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1468. [PMID: 35087129 PMCID: PMC8795188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of encounters between corals and microplastics have, to date, used particle concentrations that are several orders of magnitude above environmentally relevant levels. Here we investigate whether concentrations closer to values reported in tropical coral reefs affect sediment shedding and heterotrophy in reef-building corals. We show that single-pulse microplastic deposition elicits significantly more coral polyp retraction than comparable amounts of calcareous sediments. When deposited separately from sediments, microplastics remain longer on corals than sediments, through stronger adhesion and longer periods of examination by the coral polyps. Contamination of sediments with microplastics does not retard corals' sediment clearing rates. Rather, sediments speed-up microplastic shedding, possibly affecting its electrostatic behaviour. Heterotrophy rates are three times higher than microplastic ingestion rates when corals encounter microzooplankton (Artemia salina cysts) and microplastics separately. Exposed to cysts-microplastic combinations, corals feed preferentially on cysts regardless of microplastic concentration. Chronic-exposure experiments should test whether our conclusions hold true under environmental conditions typical of inshore marginal coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bejarano
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Valeska Diemel
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Bund Für Umwelt Und Naturschutz (BUND) E.V., Am Dobben 44, 28203, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna Feuring
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Biological Oceanography Department, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestraße 15, D-18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mattia Ghilardi
- Reef Systems Research Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Harder
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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12
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Varticovski L, Stavreva DA, McGowan A, Raziuddin R, Hager GL. Endocrine disruptors of sex hormone activities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111415. [PMID: 34339825 PMCID: PMC8762672 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones, such as androgens, estrogens and progestins are naturally occurring compounds that tightly regulate endocrine systems in a variety of living organisms. Uncontrolled environmental exposure to these hormones or their biological and synthetic mimetics has been widely documented. Furthermore, water contaminants penetrate soil to affect flora, fauna and ultimately humans. Because endocrine systems evolved to respond to very small changes in hormone levels, the low levels found in the environment cannot be ignored. The combined actions of sex hormones with glucocorticoids and other nuclear receptors disruptors creates additional level of complexity including the newly described "dynamic assisted loading" mechanism. We reviewed the extensive literature pertaining to world-wide detection of these disruptors and created a detailed Table on the development and current status of methods used for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Varticovski
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - D A Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - A McGowan
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - R Raziuddin
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - G L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Closset M, Cailliau K, Slaby S, Marin M. Effects of Aluminium Contamination on the Nervous System of Freshwater Aquatic Vertebrates: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010031. [PMID: 35008450 PMCID: PMC8744726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is the most common natural metallic element in the Earth’s crust. It is released into the environment through natural processes and human activities and accumulates in aquatic environments. This review compiles scientific data on the neurotoxicity of aluminium contamination on the nervous system of aquatic organisms. More precisely, it helps identify biomarkers of aluminium exposure for aquatic environment biomonitoring in freshwater aquatic vertebrates. Al is neurotoxic and accumulates in the nervous system of aquatic vertebrates, which is why it could be responsible for oxidative stress. In addition, it activates and inhibits antioxidant enzymes and leads to changes in acetylcholinesterase activity, neurotransmitter levels, and in the expression of several neural genes and nerve cell components. It also causes histological changes in nerve tissue, modifications of organism behaviour, and cognitive deficit. However, impacts of aluminium exposure on the early stages of aquatic vertebrate development are poorly described. Lastly, this review also poses the question of how accurate aquatic vertebrates (fishes and amphibians) could be used as model organisms to complement biological data relating to the developmental aspect. This “challenge” is very relevant since freshwater pollution with heavy metals has increased in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Closset
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Katia Cailliau
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Sylvain Slaby
- Normandie University, UNILEHAVRE, CNRS, UMR 3730 SCALE, Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), F-76600 Le Havre, France;
| | - Matthieu Marin
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Ibrahium SM, Farghali AA, Mahmoud R, Wahba AA, El-Ashram S, Mahran HA, Aboelhadid SM. New insight on some selected nanoparticles as an effective adsorbent toward diminishing the health risk of deltamethrin contaminated water. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258749. [PMID: 34735469 PMCID: PMC8568195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin is a widely used insecticide that kills a wide variety of insects and ticks. Deltamethrin resistance develops as a result of intensive, repeated use, as well as increased environmental contamination and a negative impact on public health. Its negative impact on aquatic ecology and human health necessitated the development of a new technique for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment, such as the use of nanotechnology. The co-precipitation method was used to create Zn-Fe/LDH, Zn-AL-GA/LDH, and Fe-oxide nanoparticles (NPs), which were then characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM. The kinetic study of adsorption test revealed that these NPs were effective at removing deltamethrin from wastewater. The larval packet test, which involved applying freshly adsorbed deltamethrin nanocomposites (48 hours after adsorption), and the comet assay test were used to confirm that deltamethrin had lost its acaricidal efficacy. The kinetics of the deltamethrin adsorption process was investigated using several kinetic models at pH 7, initial concentration of deltamethrin 40 ppm and temperature 25°C. Within the first 60 min, the results indicated efficient adsorption performance in deltamethrin removal, the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.56 mg/L, 17.60 mg/L, and 3.06 mg/L with the Zn-Al LDH/GA, Zn-Fe LDH, and Fe Oxide, respectively. On tick larvae, the results of the freshly adsorbed DNC bioassay revealed larval mortality. This suggests that deltamethrin's acaricidal activity is still active. However, applying DNCs to tick larvae 48 hours after adsorption had no lethal effect, indicating that deltamethrin had lost its acaricidal activity. The latter result corroborated the results of the adsorption test's kinetic study. Furthermore, the comet assay revealed that commercial deltamethrin caused 28.51% DNA damage in tick cells, which was significantly higher than any DNC. In conclusion, the NPs used play an important role in deltamethrin decontamination in water, resulting in reduced public health risk. As a result, these NPs could be used as a method of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A. Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef, University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Wahba
- Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. Mahran
- Health Informatics Department, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Yao Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhang W, Liu D, Gao X, Chen X. Nitrogen leaching and grey water footprint affected by nitrogen fertilization rate in maize production: a case study of Southwest China. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:6064-6073. [PMID: 33876441 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective nitrogen (N) management measures are required to control environmental problems caused by N fertilizer use in intensive maize production systems. Soil N losses associated with high precipitation and over-fertilization in maize production can cause substantial environmental problems, whereas there is a lack of quantitative data and effective study countermeasures. A 2-year field study was conducted in the subtropical maize production system in Southwest China to quantify N leaching under varying N application rates of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . RESULTS The results indicated that N leaching accounted for 16-38% of N fertilizer input. For farmer practice treatment (360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ), N leaching loss was high at 110 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and accounted for 31% of the N applied. As an indicator of the ambient water quality pollution, the grey water footprint across all treatments ranged from 376 to 1092 m3 Mg-1 , with an average of 695 m3 Mg-1 . Reducing N rate to agronomically optimized treatment (180 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ) significantly decreased N leaching by 77%, and maintained high grain yield of 8.1 Mg ha-1 . The grey water footprint was reduced by 52-63% with N rates from 270 or 360 kg N ha-1 yr-1 to 180 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . CONCLUSION Nitrogen surplus (applied N rate minus N uptake by maize) resulted in higher soil residual nitrate concentration and consequently high N leaching. High precipitation and low soil pH were the main ecological factors leading to high N leaching. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxue Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunyi Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Gao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Haque MN, Nam SE, Shin YK, Rhee JS. The dinoflagellate Alexandrium affine acutely induces significant modulations on innate immunity, hepatic function, and antioxidant defense system in the gill and liver tissues of red seabream. Aquat Toxicol 2021; 240:105985. [PMID: 34634712 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium affine is a global harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate. In this study, the effect of non-toxin-producing A. affine on the gill and liver tissues of red seabream, Pagrus major, was analyzed over 24 h exposure and 2 h depuration phases. After exposure to three concentrations of A. affine (4,000, 6,000, and 7,000 cells mL-1), survival rates, respiration rates, immunities (lysozyme, total Ig), hepatic biomarkers (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; and alkaline phosphatase, ALP), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), and antioxidant defense systems (glutathione, GSH; catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidases, GPx; and glutathione reductase, GR) were analyzed in gill and liver tissues. Dose-dependent decreases in survival and respiration rates were detected in red seabream. A. affine levels of to 6,000 and 7,000 cells mL-1 induced immunosuppression and hepatic impairment in both tissues, as measured by significant decreases in lysozyme activity, total Ig level, ALT, AST, and ALP content. The levels of GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx, and GR were significantly decreased in the gills and liver in response to 7,000 cells mL-1 of A. affine at 24 h, and MDA was elevated. However, different response patterns were observed between tissues in response to 4,000 cells mL-1. Activity of antioxidant defense enzymes was significantly elevated in the liver but decreased in the gills. This suggests that the gills were more vulnerable than the liver. In the case of 6,000 and 7,000 cells mL-1 treatments, higher susceptibility was also detected at 3 h in the gill compared to the overall responses of each parameter measured in liver. Taken together, direct attachment of A. affine to the gill tissue strongly affects immunity and antioxidant capacity of red seabream even after a short exposure period. These results could be helpful for understanding HAB-mediated effects in marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Niamul Haque
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Shin
- Aquaculture Industry Research Division, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Jeonnam 59780, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Jeminiwa BO, Knight RC, Abbot KL, Pondugula SR, Akingbemi BT. Gonadal sex steroid hormone secretion after exposure of male rats to estrogenic chemicals and their combinations. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111332. [PMID: 34038751 PMCID: PMC9310441 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals can interfere with the endocrine axis hence they are classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol S (BPS) is used in the manufacture of consumer products because of its superior thermal stability and is thought to be a safe replacement chemical for its analog bisphenol A (BPA). However, the safety profile of these compounds alone or in the presence of other EDCs is yet to be fully investigated. Also, the estrogenic chemical 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and a constituent of female oral contraceptives for women, is present in water supplies. To simulate concurrent exposure of the population to chemical mixtures, we investigated the effects of BPA, BPS, EE2, and their combinations on sex steroid secretion in the growing male rat gonad. Prepubertal and pubertal male rats at 21 and 35 days of age were provided test chemicals in drinking water (parts per billion) for 14 days. At termination of exposure, some individual chemical effects were modified by exposure to chemical combinations. Single chemical exposures markedly decreased androgen secretion but their combination (e.g., BPA + BPS + EE2) caused the opposite effect, i.e., increased Leydig cell T secretion. Also, the test chemicals acting alone or in combination increased testicular and Leydig cell 17β-estradiol (E2) secretion. Chemical-induced changes in T and E2 secretion were associated with altered testicular expression of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage (Cyp11a1) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd17β) enzyme protein. Additional studies are warranted to understand the mechanisms by which single and chemical combinations impact function of testicular cells and disrupt their paracrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Jeminiwa
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - R C Knight
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - K L Abbot
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - B T Akingbemi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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18
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Bozack AK, Boileau P, Wei L, Hubbard AE, Sillé FCM, Ferreccio C, Acevedo J, Hou L, Ilievski V, Steinmaus CM, Smith MT, Navas-Acien A, Gamble MV, Cardenas A. Exposure to arsenic at different life-stages and DNA methylation meta-analysis in buccal cells and leukocytes. Environ Health 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 34243768 PMCID: PMC8272372 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) exposure through drinking water is a global public health concern. Epigenetic dysregulation including changes in DNA methylation (DNAm), may be involved in arsenic toxicity. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of arsenic exposure have been restricted to single populations and comparison across EWAS has been limited by methodological differences. Leveraging data from epidemiological studies conducted in Chile and Bangladesh, we use a harmonized data processing and analysis pipeline and meta-analysis to combine results from four EWAS. METHODS DNAm was measured among adults in Chile with and without prenatal and early-life As exposure in PBMCs and buccal cells (N = 40, 850K array) and among men in Bangladesh with high and low As exposure in PBMCs (N = 32, 850K array; N = 48, 450K array). Linear models were used to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and differentially variable positions (DVPs) adjusting for age, smoking, cell type, and sex in the Chile cohort. Probes common across EWAS were meta-analyzed using METAL, and differentially methylated and variable regions (DMRs and DVRs, respectively) were identified using comb-p. KEGG pathway analysis was used to understand biological functions of DMPs and DVPs. RESULTS In a meta-analysis restricted to PBMCs, we identified one DMP and 23 DVPs associated with arsenic exposure; including buccal cells, we identified 3 DMPs and 19 DVPs (FDR < 0.05). Using meta-analyzed results, we identified 11 DMRs and 11 DVRs in PBMC samples, and 16 DMRs and 19 DVRs in PBMC and buccal cell samples. One region annotated to LRRC27 was identified as a DMR and DVR. Arsenic-associated KEGG pathways included lysosome, autophagy, and mTOR signaling, AMPK signaling, and one carbon pool by folate. CONCLUSIONS Using a two-step process of (1) harmonized data processing and analysis and (2) meta-analysis, we leverage four DNAm datasets from two continents of individuals exposed to high levels of As prenatally and during adulthood to identify DMPs and DVPs associated with arsenic exposure. Our approach suggests that standardizing analytical pipelines can aid in identifying biological meaningful signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Bozack
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Philippe Boileau
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Linqing Wei
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan E Hubbard
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Fenna C M Sillé
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johanna Acevedo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Health Planning Division in the Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vesna Ilievski
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Craig M Steinmaus
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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19
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Albarano L, Zupo V, Caramiello D, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M, Guida M, Libralato G, Costantini M. Sub-Chronic Effects of Slight PAH- and PCB-Contaminated Mesocosms in Paracentrotus lividus Lmk: A Multi-Endpoint Approach and De Novo Transcriptomic. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136674. [PMID: 34206685 PMCID: PMC8268688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sediment pollution is a major issue in coastal areas, potentially endangering human health and the marine environments. We investigated the short-term sublethal effects of sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus for two months. Spiking occurred at concentrations below threshold limit values permitted by the law (TLVPAHs = 900 µg/L, TLVPCBs = 8 µg/L, Legislative Italian Decree 173/2016). A multi-endpoint approach was adopted, considering both adults (mortality, bioaccumulation and gonadal index) and embryos (embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and de novo transcriptome assembly). The slight concentrations of PAHs and PCBs added to the mesocosms were observed to readily compartmentalize in adults, resulting below the detection limits just one week after their addition. Reconstructed sediment and seawater, as negative controls, did not affect sea urchins. PAH- and PCB-spiked mesocosms were observed to impair P. lividus at various endpoints, including bioaccumulation and embryo development (mainly PAHs) and genotoxicity (PAHs and PCBs). In particular, genotoxicity tests revealed that PAHs and PCBs affected the development of P. lividus embryos deriving from exposed adults. Negative effects were also detected by generating a de novo transcriptome assembly and its annotation, as well as by real-time qPCR performed to identify genes differentially expressed in adults exposed to the two contaminants. The effects on sea urchins (both adults and embryos) at background concentrations of PAHs and PCBs below TLV suggest a need for further investigations on the impact of slight concentrations of such contaminants on marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077 Naples, Italy;
| | - Davide Caramiello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Marine Organisms Core Facility, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.)
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Costantini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (L.A.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Hendryx M, Luo J, Chojenta C, Byles JE. Exposure to heavy metals from point pollution sources and risk of incident type 2 diabetes among women: a prospective cohort analysis. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:453-464. [PMID: 31533451 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1668545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal exposures may contribute to diabetes risk but prospective studies are uncommon. We analyzed the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (three cohorts aged 18-23, 45-50, or 70-75 at baseline in 1996, N = 34,191) merged with emissions data for 10 heavy metals (As, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) from the National Pollutant Inventory. Over 20-year follow-up, 2,584 women (7.6%) reported incident diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that women aged 45-50 at baseline had higher diabetes risk in association with exposure to total air emissions, total water emissions, all individual metals air emissions, and six individual water emissions. After correction for false discovery rate, nine of 11 air emissions and five water emissions remained significant. Associations were not observed for land-based emissions, or for younger or older cohorts. Emissions were dominated by mining, electricity generation and other metals-related industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hendryx
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Catherine Chojenta
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie E Byles
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Engelward BP. Implications of an epidemiological study showing an association between in utero NDMA exposure and childhood cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen 2021; 62:288-292. [PMID: 33963777 PMCID: PMC8361697 DOI: 10.1002/em.22434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has recently been linked to a childhood cancer cluster in Wilmington, MA, which is home to the Olin Chemical Superfund Site. When it was discovered in the 1990's that 22 children in a town of under 22,000 people got cancer, the community took action and pressed for an investigation into the possibility that chemicals from the Olin Chemical site had contaminated their water. This led to the eventual discovery that NDMA was present in the town water supply. NDMA has long been known for its potent carcinogenicity in animal models, and so the community pointed to NDMA as a possible cause. This led to an investigation by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, which, in 2021, released its findings showing an association between NDMA exposure in utero and childhood cancer. The mission of the NIEHS Superfund Research Program is to protect human health from hazardous substances. In 2017, in response to community concerns, a team at MIT created the MIT Superfund Research Program Center with a focus on research related to NDMA. Just 1 week prior to the release of the Department of Public Health study, the MIT Superfund Research Program Center published a manuscript in Cell Reports that identifies the Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) as a possible genetic susceptibility factor. This commentary provides an author's perspective on the context and implications of this and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin P. Engelward
- MIT Superfund Research Program, Department of Biological Engineering, Center for Environmental Health SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Li Q, Zhao ZJ. Prevalence of Brick Tea-type Fluorosis in Children Aged 8-12 Years in Qinghai Province, China. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:334-336. [PMID: 33894815 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhi Jun Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, Qinghai, China
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Espinosa-Ruiz C, Manuguerra S, Morghese M, García-Beltrán JM, Esteban MÁ, Giuga M, Messina CM, Santulli A. Immunity and inflammatory responses in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to sub-lethal mixture of carbamazepine, cadmium chloride and polybrominated diphenyl ether. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 111:25-35. [PMID: 33359412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants such as industrial and urban by-products, pharmaceuticals, drugs metabolites and, plastics, are continuously found in the oceans, affecting its quality and organism's welfare. Although these compounds are found at concentrations ranged ng L-1, there is an increasing concern about the potential adverse effects of the interactions among those substances present, simultaneously, in a mixture. In the present study, specimens of sea bream (Sparus aurata) were exposed, by food, to rising concentrations of a mixture of carbamazepine, polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 and cadmium chloride, for 15 days and then, maintained, with the same control diet, without contaminants, for other 15 days. Samples of skin mucus, serum, head-kidney, liver and intestine were sampled at 0, 15 and 30 days. Cellular immune parameters were evaluated on head-kidney, as well as humoral parameters were determined on skin mucus and serum. In addition, the expression of some genes, related to immunity, was analysed on liver and intestine. Both cellular and humoral response were affected at 15 days, showing slightly signs of recovery at 30 days. Besides, the expression of immune-related genes was highly affected, suggesting the development of inflammatory processes, as well as a reduction of immune parameters. Overall, the mixture of compounds severally affected the immune system of sea bream, suggesting a lower degree of recovery. The prolonged exposure to a mixture of these compounds could entail serious change on population immunity and, eventually, promote changes on marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Maria Morghese
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Giuga
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy; University of Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Scienze della Terra, Corso 57, 95129, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy.
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
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Choudhury C, Mazumder R, Biswas R, Sengupta M. Cadmium exposure induces inflammation through the canonical NF-κΒ pathway in monocytes/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 110:116-126. [PMID: 33453382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A vast range of research related to the toxicity of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has been carried out in a wide variety of fish species. However, Cd induced immunomodulation in monocytes/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch. has rarely been explored. The present study was designed to determine Cd induced immune response, role of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) pathway and the subsequent downstream molecular responses in monocytes/macrophages of C. punctatus. Fish were sampled and acclimatized, with one group treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (1.96 mg/L) and another kept as untreated control group, both under observation for 7 days. Exposure to CdCl2 was found to alter hematological profile of C. punctatus in addition to incurring histo-architectural damages in the HK (head kidney) and ultrastructural changes in the monocytes/macrophages. The innate immune potential was found to be significantly compromised as evident from decreased phagocytosis, intracellular killing, cell adhesion and reduced release of nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Cd intoxicated group. Also Cd triggered ROS generation, reduced cellular NO levels by forming peroxynitrite along with the upregulated expression of the inflammatory marker iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) in monocytes/macrophages, both at mRNA and protein levels, indicating inflammation. Inflammation is further verified from the upregulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines viz. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 along with a central inflammatory mediator NF-κΒ and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, both at mRNA and protein levels. It can be concluded that, a sub-lethal exposure of Cd in C. punctatus for 7 days caused significant alterations in the hematological, histological and ultrastructural profile in monocytes/macrophages; impaired innate immune parameters, triggers ROS generation and inflammation as validated from the upregulated expression of NF-κΒ, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chohelee Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Ritwik Mazumder
- Department of Economics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Rajib Biswas
- Department of Pathology, Silchar Medical College, Silchar, Assam, 788014, India
| | - Mahuya Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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25
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Mondal D, Rahman MM, Suman S, Sharma P, Siddique AB, Rahman MA, Bari ASMF, Kumar R, Bose N, Singh SK, Ghosh A, Polya DA. Arsenic exposure from food exceeds that from drinking water in endemic area of Bihar, India. Sci Total Environ 2021; 754:142082. [PMID: 32919317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extensive evidence of elevated arsenic (As) in the food-chain, mainly rice, wheat and vegetables exists. Nevertheless, the importance of exposure from food towards total As exposure and associated health risks in areas with natural occurring As in drinking water is still often neglected, and accordingly mitigations are largely focused on drinking water only. In this study, the contribution of food over drinking water to overall As exposure was estimated for As exposed populations in Bihar, India. Increased lifetime cancer risk was predicted using probabilistic methods with input parameters based on detailed dietary assessment and estimation of As in drinking water, cooked rice, wheat flour and potato collected from 91 households covering 19 villages. Median total exposure was 0.83 μg/kgBW/day (5th and 95th percentiles were 0.21 and 11.1 μg/kgBW/day) and contribution of food (median = 49%) to overall exposure was almost equal to that from drinking water (median = 51%). More importantly and contrary to previous studies, food was found to contribute more than drinking water to As exposure, even when drinking water As was above the WHO provisional guide value of 10 μg/L. Median and 95th percentile excess lifetime cancer risks from food intake were 1.89 × 10-4 and 7.32 × 10-4 respectively when drinking water As was below 10 μg/L and 4.00 × 10-4 and 1.83 × 10-3 respectively when drinking water As was above 10 μg/L. Our results emphasise the importance of food related exposure in As-endemic areas, and, perhaps surprisingly, particularly in areas with high As concentrations in drinking water - this being partly ascribed to increases in food As due to cooking in high As water. These findings are timely to stress the importance of removing As from the food chain and not just drinking water in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Mondal
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sidharth Suman
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK; Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Center, Patna, India; Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, India
| | - Pushpa Sharma
- Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Center, Patna, India; Department of Environment and Water Management, A.N. College, Patna, India
| | - Abu Bakkar Siddique
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - A S M Fazle Bari
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Center, Patna, India
| | - Nupur Bose
- Department of Geography, A.N. College, Patna, India
| | | | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Center, Patna, India
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Erhunmwunse NO, Tongo I, Ezemonye LI. Acute effects of acetaminophen on the developmental, swimming performance and cardiovascular activities of the African catfish embryos/larvae (Clarias gariepinus). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111482. [PMID: 33120276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic that has been detected in many water bodies with few reports concerning its potential toxicity to fish. This study sought to assess the developmental, swimming performance and cardiovascular activities of embryo/larvae catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to acetaminophen. The Organization for Economic Development (OECD) Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test (OECD 236) was employed. Fertilized embryo were exposed to different concentrations of acetaminophen (0, 0.5, 1, 10 µg/L) for 96 h. Hatching rates of the embryo were observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of acetaminophen. Fish embryo exposed to acetaminophen displayed varying levels of teratogenic effects at different levels of development in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in swimming speed and movement patterns in fish larvae exposed to acetaminophen, with distance travelled in larvae exposed to the highest concentration of acetaminophen (10 µg/L) about eight (8) times the distance travelled by the control larvae, indicating that acetaminophen-induced erratic swimming behaviour in the catfish species. Cardiotoxicity was evident, with a significant reduction in heartbeat rate with increasing concentrations of acetaminophen. The results showed that exposure to acetaminophen resulted in teratogenic, neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects in embryo/larvae of Clarias gariepinus. The findings suggest that acetaminophen which has recently been detected in many water bodies could potentially impact on survival of aquatic life, especially catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isioma Tongo
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Ikechukwu Ezemonye
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Environmental Forensics, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Igbinedion University Okada, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Banwell C, Housen T, Smurthwaite K, Trevenar S, Walker L, Todd K, Rosas M, Kirk M. Health and social concerns about living in three communities affected by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A qualitative study in Australia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245141. [PMID: 33444329 PMCID: PMC7808650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a public health issue globally. In Australia high concentrations of PFAS have been found in environments close to sites where Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) were historically used for firefighting activities. This has resulted in significant community concern about the potential long-term health effects of these chemicals. OBJECTIVE We describe residents' perceptions and experiences of PFAS in three regional Australian towns where exposure has occurred. METHODS We conducted focus groups to generate free-flowing open discussion on PFAS in three affected communities, including some with significant numbers of First Nations Peoples. We recruited participants using a range of media outlets and postal services. Focus group transcripts were analysed thematically to identify major shared concerns using Atlas Ti. RESULTS One hundred and eighty residents attended fifteen focus groups that were conducted in the three communities. They included 69 First Nations People living in three communities near the town of Katherine in the Northern Territory. Study participants were concerned about potential physical health effects of exposure to PFAS, such as cancer clusters, unexplained deaths, potential exacerbation of existing health conditions, and the future health of their children. They expressed feelings of stress and anxiety about living with uncertainty related to the possible health and the socio-economic impacts of PFAS contamination in their communities. CONCLUSION While research has concentrated on the physical health effects of PFAS, more attention needs to be given to the immediate psychosocial impacts of living in an affected community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Banwell
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tambri Housen
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kayla Smurthwaite
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Susan Trevenar
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Liz Walker
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katherine Todd
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - May Rosas
- Ngaigu-Mulu Aboriginal Corporation, Katherine, NT, Australia
| | - Martyn Kirk
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Keesari T, Pant D, Roy A, Sinha UK, Jaryal A, Singh M, Jain SK. Fluoride Geochemistry and Exposure Risk Through Groundwater Sources in Northeastern Parts of Rajasthan, India. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 80:294-307. [PMID: 33388840 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fluoride concentrations above a threshold of 1.5 mg/L can cause joint pains, restricted mobility, skeletal and dental fluorosis. This study aims to determine the hydrochemical evolution of the fluoride-rich groundwater and estimate the risk of fluoride exposure to the residents of semi-arid northeastern part of Rajasthan, India. The methodology involves measurement of fluoride and other ionic concentrations in groundwater using ion chromatography, followed by an estimation of the cumulative density function and fluorosis risk. The fluoride concentration in water samples varied from 0.04 to 8.2 mg/L with 85% samples falling above the permissible limit. The empirical cumulative density function was used to estimate the percentage and degree of health risks associated with the consumption of F- contaminated water. It is found that 55% of the samples indicate risk of dental fluorosis, 42% indicate risk of deformities to knee and hip bones, and 18% indicate risk of crippling fluorosis. In addition, instances of high nitrate concentrations above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L are also found in 13% of samples. The fluoride rich groundwater is mainly associated with the Na-HCO3-Cl type water facies while low fluoride groundwater shows varied chemical facies. The saturation index values indicate a high probability of a further increase in F- concentration in groundwater of this region. The calculated fluoride exposure risk for the general public in the study area is 3-6 times higher than the allowed limit of 0.05 mg/kg/day. Based on the results of this study, a fluorosis index map was prepared for the study area. The northern and northeastern parts are less prone to fluorosis, whereas the south-central and southwestern parts are highly vulnerable to fluorosis. The inferences from this study help to prioritize the regions that need immediate attention for remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirumalesh Keesari
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Diksha Pant
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Annadasankar Roy
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Uday Kumar Sinha
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
| | - Ajay Jaryal
- Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope and Radiation Application Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India
| | - Manveer Singh
- Central Ground Water Board, Western Region (WR), Jaipur, Ministry of Water Resources-GR & RD, Government of India, Jaipur, India
| | - S K Jain
- Central Ground Water Board, Western Region (WR), Jaipur, Ministry of Water Resources-GR & RD, Government of India, Jaipur, India
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Karunanidhi D, Aravinthasamy P, Deepali M, Subramani T, Shankar K. Groundwater Pollution and Human Health Risks in an Industrialized Region of Southern India: Impacts of the COVID-19 Lockdown and the Monsoon Seasonal Cycles. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 80:259-276. [PMID: 33398395 PMCID: PMC7781191 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Samples of groundwater were collected during a post-monsoon period (January) and a pre-monsoon period (May) in 2020 from 30 locations in the rapidly developing industrial and residential area of the Coimbatore region in southern India. These sampling periods coincided with times before and during the lockdown in industrial activity and reduced agricultural activity that occurred in the region due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effects of reduced anthropogenic activity on groundwater quality. Approximately 17% of the wells affected by high fluoride concentrations in the post-monsoon period returned to levels suitable for human consumption in samples collected in the pre-monsoon period. This was probably due to ion exchange processes, infiltration of rainwater during the seasonal monsoon that diluted concentrations of ions including geogenic fluoride, as well as a reduction in anthropogenic inputs during the lockdown. The total hazard index for fluoride in the post-monsoon samples calculated for children, adult women, and adult men indicated that 73%, 60%, and 50% of the groundwater samples, respectively, had fluoride levels higher than the permissible limit. In this study, nitrate pollution declined by 33.4% by the pre-monsoon period relative to the post-monsoon period. The chemical facies of groundwater reverted from the Na-HCO3-Cl and Na-Cl to the Ca-HCO3 type in pre-monsoon samples. Various geogenic indicators like molar ratios, inter-ionic relations along with graphical tools demonstrated that plagioclase mineral weathering, carbonate dissolution, reverse ion exchange, and anthropogenic inputs are influencing the groundwater chemistry of this region. These findings were further supported by the saturation index assessed for the post- and pre-monsoon samples. COVID-19 lockdown considerably reduced groundwater pollution by Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3¯, and F- ions due to shutdown of industries and reduced agricultural activities. Further groundwater quality improvement during lockdown period there is evidence that the COVID-19 lockdown by increased HCO3¯ ion concentration. Overall results illustrate the positive benefits to groundwater quality that could occur as a result of measures to control anthropogenic inputs of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karunanidhi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, 641062, India.
| | - P Aravinthasamy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Coimbatore, 641062, India
| | - M Deepali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, 440019, India
| | - T Subramani
- Department of Geology, CEG, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - K Shankar
- Department of Applied Geology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
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Maciuszek M, Pijanowski L, Pekala-Safinska A, Palichleb P, Błachut M, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Chadzińska M. 17α-ethinylestradiol and 4-tert-octylphenol concurrently disrupt the immune response of common carp. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:238-250. [PMID: 33038508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is massively polluted with endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) including synthetic estrogens (e.g. 17α-ethinylestradiol, EE2) and alkylphenols (e.g. 4-tert-octylphenol, 4t-OP). A major mechanism of action for estrogenic EDCs is their interaction with estrogen receptors and consequently their modulation of the action of enzymes involved in steroid conversion e.g. aromatase CYP19. We now studied the effects of EE2 and 4t-OP on the anti-bacterial immune response of common carp. We investigated effects on the number/composition of inflammatory leukocytes and on the gene expression of mediators that regulate inflammation and EDC binding. In vitro we found that high concentrations of both EE2 and 4t-OP down-regulated IFN-γ2 and IFN-γ-dependent immune responses in LPS-stimulated monocytes/macrophages. Similarly, during bacterial infection in fish, in vivo treated with EE2 and 4t-OP, decreased gene expression of il-12p35 and of ifn-γ2 was found in the focus of inflammation. Moreover, during A. salmonicida-induced infection in EE2-treated carp, but not in fish fed with 4t-OP-treated food, we found an enhanced inflammatory reaction manifested by high number of inflammatory peritoneal leukocytes, including phagocytes and higher expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inos, il-1β, cxcl8_l2). Furthermore, in the liver, EE2 down-regulated the expression of acute phase proteins: CRPs and C3. Importantly, both in vitro and in vivo, EDCs altered the expression of estrogen receptors: nuclear (erα and erβ) and membrane (gpr30). EDCs also induced up-regulation of the cyp19b gene. Our findings reveal that contamination of the aquatic milieu with estrogenic EDCs, may considerably violate the subtle and particular allostatic interactions between the immune response and endogenous estrogens and this may have negative consequences for fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maciuszek
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pijanowski
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pekala-Safinska
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Ave., 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Paulina Palichleb
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Błachut
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Chadzińska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Yu L, Chen X, Wei Y, Ding Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Tang B, Wang S. Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on trehalose metabolism, growth, and development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 204:111034. [PMID: 32758695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is the major blood sugar in insects; it not only serves as an energy source but also plays important roles in physiological responses to adverse conditions. However, only a few studies have explored the effects of heavy metal exposure stress on trehalose metabolism in insects. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of cadmium stress on changes in trehalose metabolism in Aedes albopictus. Three concentrations of cadmium (0.005, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L) were selected for evaluation of long-term stress in Ae. albopictus (from eggs to adults); Ae. albopictus in double-distilled water was used as the control group. The trehalose and glucose contents, trehalase activity, and trehalose metabolism-related gene expression were determined. The effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth, development, and reproduction were also assessed. Trehalose contents were increased, whereas glucose contents and trehalase activity were decreased in Ae. albopictus following long-term exposure to low concentrations of cadmium compared with those in untreated individuals. Moreover, the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase was upregulated, and that of trehalase was downregulated, indicating that Ae. albopictus may enhance trehalose synthesis to resist cadmium stress. Cadmium exposure also caused Ae. albopictus individuals to become smaller with a longer developmental duration, whereas both reproduction and hatching rates of the offspring were decreased compared with those in the control group. Our findings demonstrated that cadmium exposure affected the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of Ae. albopictus. These findings also confirmed the role of trehalose in the response of Ae. albopictus to cadmium stress, providing insights into the effects of heavy metal stress on trehalose metabolism in an insect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xumin Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Ding
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Janpoom S, Kaewduang M, Prasertlux S, Rongmung P, Ratdee O, Lirdwitayaprasit T, Klinbunga S, Khamnamtong B. A SNP of the hemocyanin gene (LvHc) is a marker for high growth and ammonia-tolerance in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:491-501. [PMID: 32750547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Expression levels of hemocyanin (LvHc), activating transcription factor 4 (LvAtf4), glutathione S-transferase (LvGst), caspase 2 (LvCasp2) and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (LvAlf) were examined in the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles exposed to a lethal concentration of ammonia-N (32.15 mg/l). The expression levels of all transcripts except LvAlf were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in tolerant shrimp (Lv-AT; N = 30) that survived up to 72 h post treatment (hpt) than in susceptible shrimp (Lv-AS24 and Lv-AS72; N = 45 and 15), that died within 24 h or between 24 and 72 hpt, respectively. Subsequently, effects of non-lethal concentrations of ammonia-N (control, 10 and 20 mg/l) on the expression of LvHc in juvenile shrimp were examined. Compared to the control, expression levels of LvHc transcripts in hemocytes and the hepatopancreas of tested shrimp changed after exposure to ammonia-N. One SNP (C > T545) was found in the LvHc322 gene segment. Real-time PCR amplification of specific alleles (real-time PASA) was developed for detection of C > T545 genotypes. Juveniles in the lethal exposure test that carried a C/T545 genotype showed a greater average body weight and total length (8.46 ± 0.36 g and 10.05 ± 0.16 cm) than those with a C/C545 genotype (7.48 ± 0.31 g and 9.60 ± 0.13 cm) (P < 0.05). Similar results were found in the second generation (G2) of a growth-improved stock (3 and 4 families of BIOTEC-G2-L1 and BIOTEC-G2-L2) and in commercially farmed shrimp (2 groups). Accordingly, expression levels and SNP of LvHc can serve as markers for selection high growth performance in ammonia-tolerant L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirithorn Janpoom
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 11120, Thailand
| | - Mookthida Kaewduang
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirikan Prasertlux
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 11120, Thailand
| | - Puttawan Rongmung
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 11120, Thailand
| | - Onchuda Ratdee
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 11120, Thailand
| | | | - Sirawut Klinbunga
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 11120, Thailand
| | - Bavornlak Khamnamtong
- Aquatic Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 11120, Thailand.
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Jing H, Zhang Q, Li S, Gao XJ. Pb exposure triggers MAPK-dependent inflammation by activating oxidative stress and miRNA-155 expression in carp head kidney. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:219-227. [PMID: 32781208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal and an aquatic pollutant. Various amounts of heavy metals are released into the environment through industrial discharge, causing excessive contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The head kidney is a unique immune organ of the bony fish and plays an important role in the metabolism of heavy metals. Studies of toxic Pb exposure that have investigated the head kidney of carp are limited. This study was carried out to explore the potential immunotoxicity effects of Pb and the specific related mechanisms in the carp head kidney. Pb poisoning was shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase the expression levels of phosphorylated proteins related to the MAPK pathway, including p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We also found that microRNA-155 played a key role in regulating the production of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the pre-miRNA-155 inhibitor reversed the Pb-induced inflammation. In conclusion, these in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that oxidative stress and the MAPKs are involved in the Pb-induced inflammasome response, and the production of microRNA-155 aggravated the occurrence of inflammation in carp head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Oyarzo-Miranda C, Latorre N, Meynard A, Rivas J, Bulboa C, Contreras-Porcia L. Coastal pollution from the industrial park Quintero bay of central Chile: Effects on abundance, morphology, and development of the kelp Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240581. [PMID: 33057390 PMCID: PMC7561192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The industrial park of Quintero Bay (QB) in the central coast of Chile was established in the 1960s, presents high levels of pollution due to the industrial activity, and it is known as one of the five Chilean "sacrifice zones". Lessonia spicata is the most important habitat-forming kelp species in the intertidal along the central and south shores of Chile, and currently there are no morphometric and population studies of L. spicata (or other seaweed species) nor studies about the effects of pollution on its development in QB and neighbouring sites. In this context, the aims of this study were (i) to register the abundance and morphological features of L. spicata populations from Ventanas, Horcón and Cachagua (sites with different pollution histories and located only up to 40 km from the QB); ii) to determine the heavy metals (HMs) concentration in seawater and marine sediments; and (iii) to evaluate in vitro the effects of exposure to seawater from the three sampling sites on spore release and early developmental stages, up to the juvenile sporophyte. Results showed that the chronically exposed Ventanas kelp population had the smallest adult individuals in comparison with the other sites. Ventanas and Horcón registered high HMs concentration in the seawater and marine sediments exceeding the international permissible limits (e.g in seawater Cu 20-859 μg L-1; sediments Cu > 50,000 μg kg-1). Unexpectedly in Cachagua, a site often considered unpolluted, high concentrations of Cu and As were also registered in the seawater (859 and 1,484 μg L-1, respectively) and of As in marine sediments (20,895 μg kg-1). Exposure of gametophytes to the seawater from Ventanas resulted in a developmental delay compared to the other treatments; however, low sporophyte production was determined in all treatments. Our results indicate that QB, more notably Ventanas, induce highly negative effects on individual development, and consequently on seaweed populations, which suggest a long-term negative impact on the community structure of these marine zones. Furthermore, the high concentrations of HMs reported here at Cachagua suggest a recent expansion of pollution along the central coast of Chile, evidencing effects on the marine ecosystem health even on sites far from the pollution source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oyarzo-Miranda
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Latorre
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Meynard
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Rivas
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Bulboa
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago, Chile
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Amqam H, Thalib D, Anwar D, Sirajuddin S, Mallongi A. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of fish from Kao Bay. Rev Environ Health 2020; 35:257-263. [PMID: 32598327 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by heavy metals due to discharge from gold mining activity has threatened the aquatic environment and human health of the community around Kao Bay. This report review explores the level of mercury and arsenic in the fish and the health risk of fish consumption within the community around Kao Bay. Fish from 10 spots in the bay were analyzed for mercury and arsenic using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Community members around Kao Bay were interviewed for details of their fish consumption. Daily intake of metals and health risk level were also calculated. All of the fish caught contained mercury (mean of 0.2110 ug/g) and arsenic (mean of 0.422 ug/g). This heavy metal concentration exceeds the allowable level for food standard. The human health risk assessment showed that the fish caught from Kao Bay were not safe for human consumption (RQ>1). The hazard risk quotient based on cancer and non-cancer was more than one. As many as 49 of 52 people living around Kao Bay have a risk from mercury and arsenic exposure via fish consumption. The magnitude of HQ and ECR values for most fish indicates that it is not safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnawati Amqam
- Environmental Health Department, Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dahlan Thalib
- Health Agency Office, Halmahera Tengah Regency, Indonesia
| | - Daud Anwar
- Environmental Health Department, Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saifuddin Sirajuddin
- Nutrition Department, Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Anwar Mallongi
- Environmental Health Department, Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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Kim J, Poirier DG, Helm PA, Bayoumi M, Rochman CM. No evidence of spherical microplastics (10-300 μm) translocation in adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after a two-week dietary exposure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239128. [PMID: 32976490 PMCID: PMC7518578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fish contaminated with microplastics is often cited as a pathway for human exposure. However, because their guts are generally removed before consumption, exposure may be low compared to other routes such as shellfish, drinking water and dust. Still, microplastics have been found to translocate from the gut to other tissues, making exposure from eating fish fillets or other seafood products a potential concern. To better understand fish as an exposure route for microplastics in humans, we tested hypotheses about whether translocation occurs and if efficiency of translocation is dependent on particle size. We investigated the amount and distribution of fluorescent polyethylene microspheres (10–300 μm) in the gut, liver, fillets and gonads of adult rainbow trout after a two-week dietary exposure. Fish were fed food pellets dosed with up to ~9,800 microspheres per gram of food. Total exposures over the entire experiment ranged from ~80,000–850,000 microspheres per fish. We did not find any particles in the fillets, liver, or gonads of any fish, suggesting that translocation of spherical microplastics of this size range does not occur in adult rainbow trout. The quantity of microplastics found in the gut was also low or absent after a 24-hour depuration period, indicating effective excretion in this laboratory population. This research suggests that the consumption of fish fillets may not be a significant exposure pathway for microspheres >10 μm in size to contaminate humans. Future studies should test for different sizes, morphologies and species to further our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - David G. Poirier
- Aquatic Toxicology Unit, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A. Helm
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malak Bayoumi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Galappaththi HKA, Suraweera I. Risk of Mercury exposure during childhood: a review of Sri Lankan situation. Rev Environ Health 2020; 35:229-232. [PMID: 32619196 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sri Lanka had ratified the Minamata convention in the year 2017 and is planning to phase out Mercury by 2020. Mercury thermometers and compact fluorescent light bulbs are abundant at hospitals, households and schools. Limitations in safe disposal and containment mechanisms have enhanced the unregulated e-waste collection and extraction. Sri Lanka has plentiful lagoons, fishing bays, and inland irrigation systems. Fish consumption is high, especially around the coastal belt. Mercury can bioaccumulate in humans by the consumption of fish from contaminated sources. Children are at risk of exposure in their living environments and via food. A multicountry study done across three oceans on Mercury threat to women & children revealed, lagoon pollution from industrial Mercury emissions in Sri Lanka, possessing high Mercury among local females who consume fish from that lagoon. The mean hair Mercury level in coastal areas with high fish consumption exceeded the reference dose even among children. Aquatic life and crop studies revealed a mixed picture of Mercury levels which some are lower and some are higher than the permissible levels. Studies on environmental Mercury levels and correlations with health effects among children will help to fill the data gap. Public awareness of the health effects of Mercury and mechanisms of Mercury disposal should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himan K A Galappaththi
- Renal Disease Prevention & Research Unit, Ministry of Healthcare & Indigenous Medical Services, No: 385, Ven. Baddegama Wimalawansa Thero Mawatha, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
| | - Inoka Suraweera
- Environmental and Occupational Health Directorate, Ministry of Healthcare & Indigenous Medical Services, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Aschengrau A, Grippo A, Winter MR, Shea MG, White RF, Saitz R. Drug use disorder following early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study. Environ Health 2020; 19:99. [PMID: 32943075 PMCID: PMC7495895 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies of adults with occupational exposure to solvents such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown adverse effects on cognition, mood and behavioral problems. Much less is known about neurotoxic effects in early life at lower exposure levels seen in community settings. We recently reported that illicit drug use was more frequent among adults from Cape Cod, Massachusetts who were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water during gestation and early childhood than their unexposed counterparts. Using newly collected data from this population-based retrospective cohort study, the current analysis examines whether early life PCE exposure is also associated with drug use disorder over the life course. METHODS Three-hundred and sixty-three subjects with prenatal and early childhood PCE exposure and 255 unexposed subjects were studied. These individuals (median age: 40-41 years) completed self-administered questionnaires on the eleven established diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder and confounding variables. A validated leaching and transport model was used to estimate exposure to PCE-contaminated water. RESULTS Overall, 23.3% of subjects reported having at least one criterion for drug use disorder over their lifetime. Early life PCE exposure was associated with a modest increase in the lifetime presence of one or more diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder (adjusted RR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Compared to unexposed subjects, PCE-exposed subjects were more likely to report having most diagnostic criteria of drug use disorder, including neglecting major roles due to drug use, physical and psychological problems related to drug use, and giving up activities due to drug use. No dose-response relationships were observed with increasing levels of PCE exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exposure to PCE-contaminated drinking water during early life modestly increases the risk of developing diagnostic criteria for drug use disorder later in life. Because this study has several limitations, these findings should be confirmed in follow-up investigations of other exposed populations with more diverse racial and socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Alexandra Grippo
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Michael R. Winter
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 85 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Margaret G. Shea
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 85 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Richard Saitz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
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Gárriz Á, Miranda LA. Effects of metals on sperm quality, fertilization and hatching rates, and embryo and larval survival of pejerrey fish (Odontesthes bonariensis). Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:1072-1082. [PMID: 32617729 PMCID: PMC7332474 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Some species of fish have been used as bioindicators of aquatic environmental pollution all over the world. Pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) was selected for the current study due to its sensitivity to pollutants and because is one of the emblematic fish species that inhabits shallow lakes of the Pampa region (Argentina). Recently, in Chascomús lake were recorded concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn with values above the Argentine National Guidelines for the Protection of the Aquatic life. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of environmental concentrations of these metals on the sperm quality, fertilization and hatching rates, and embryo and larval survival of pejerrey. Also, the same endpoints were analyzed with concentrations ten times higher to simulate a polluted worst-case scenario. The results showed that the presence of some metals in aquatic environments reduced pejerrey sperm motility (in ~50%) and velocity (in ~30%). These results were obtained using a computer assisted sperm analyzer enforcing the application of this analysis as a tool or bioindicator of aquatic pollution. In addition, fertilization rate was diminished (in ~40%) for all treatments. Besides, the hatching rate, and embryo and larval survival were drastically affected being zero for the highest metal concentrations assessed. All together these results, showed that even lower metal concentrations can negatively affect different reproductive parameters of one of the most emblematic fish species of the Argentinean water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Gárriz
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH; CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro A Miranda
- Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH; CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.200 (B7130IWA), Chascomus, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wu Y, Yang D, Lin Y, Zhao Y. Identification and immunologic property of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in grass carp (Ctenopharynogodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:489-496. [PMID: 32580004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important regulatory role in the activation of T cells induced by mitogenic or antigenic stimuli. However, the immunologic property of MIF in freshwater fish is limitedly known by now. In the present study, MIF gene was identified in grass carp. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the molecular weight of grass carp MIF protein was 12.377 kDa and it could also bind to CD74. MIF gene was predominantly expressed in immune tissues including spleen and head kidney, then liver, skin, gill, intestine and blood, while a relative low level expression in heart, brain, fat and red muscle. The predicted receptor and tissues distribution of MIF implied the immunologic activity of grass carp MIF. Then grass carp MIF antigen and the polyclonal antibodies against it were prepared. Using cadmium as an immunosuppressive agent, MIF expression in spleen and head kidney was depressed in a dose-dependent manner with cadmium consumption. On the same time, white blood cell count decrease displayed a similar pattern with MIF expression, which suggested a possible positive correlation between MIF and white blood cell count. Thereafter, MIF enhanced the viability of grass carp peripheral blood leukocytes and inhibited cell apoptosis with depressed reactive oxygen species production in vitro. In addition, recombinant grass carp MIF promoted tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion from peripheral blood leukocytes. These results indicated the immunologic property of grass carp MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Danru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Silva AR, Gomes JC, Salvador AF, Martins G, Alves MM, Pereira L. Ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen and 17α-ethinylestradiol differentially affect the activity of acetogens and methanogens in anaerobic communities. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:866-875. [PMID: 32728874 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds end up in wastewater treatment plants but little is known on their effect towards the different microbial groups in anaerobic communities. In this work, the effect of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (CIP), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Diclofenac (DCF) and Ibuprofen (IBP), and the hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), on the activity of acetogens and methanogens in anaerobic communities, was investigated. Microbial communities were more affected by CIP, followed by EE2, DCF and IBP, but the response of the different microbial groups was dissimilar. For concentrations of 0.01 to 0.1 mg/L, the specific methanogenic activity was not affected. Acetogenic bacteria were sensitive to CIP concentrations above 1 mg/L, while DCF and EE2 toxicity was only detected for concentrations higher than 10 mg/L, and IBP had no effect in all concentrations tested. Acetoclastic methanogens showed higher sensitivity to the presence of these micropollutants, being affect by all the tested pharmaceutical compounds although at different degrees. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens were not affected by any concentration, indicating their lower sensitivity to these compounds when compared to acetoclasts and acetogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa Gomes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Gilberto Martins
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Madalena Alves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Luciana Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Martin EK, Kemal S, Henrik NR, Alexander E, Natalia C, Henrik JC, Thomas B, Hans B, Erik K. Triclosan changes community composition and selects for specific bacterial taxa in marine periphyton biofilms in low nanomolar concentrations. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:1083-1094. [PMID: 32661899 PMCID: PMC7427700 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCS) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant due to its widespread use. Sensitivity to TCS varies substantially among eu- and pro-karyotic species and its risk for the marine environment remains to be better elucidated. In particular, the effects that TCS causes on marine microbial communities are largely unknown. In this study we therefore used 16S amplicon rDNA sequencing to investigate TCS effects on the bacterial composition in marine periphyton communities that developed under long-term exposure to different TCS concentrations. Exposure to TCS resulted in clear changes in bacterial composition already at concentrations of 1 to 3.16 nM. We conclude that TCS affects the structure of the bacterial part of periphyton communities at concentrations that actually occur in the marine environment. Sensitive taxa, whose abundance decreased significantly with increasing TCS concentrations, include the Rhodobiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae families of Alphaproteobacteria, and unidentified members of the Candidate division Parcubacteria. Tolerant taxa, whose abundance increased significantly with higher TCS concentrations, include the families Erythrobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria), Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Bdellovibrionaceae (Deltaproteobacteria), several families of Gammaproteobacteria, and members of the Candidate phylum Gracilibacteria. Our results demonstrate the variability of TCS sensitivity among bacteria, and that TCS can change marine bacterial composition at concentrations that have been detected in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriksson Karl Martin
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sanli Kemal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nilsson Rickard Henrik
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eiler Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Corcoll Natalia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johansson Carl Henrik
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Backhaus Thomas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Blanck Hans
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristiansson Erik
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Magalhães S, Alves L, Medronho B, Romano A, Rasteiro MDG. Microplastics in Ecosystems: From Current Trends to Bio-Based Removal Strategies. Molecules 2020; 25:E3954. [PMID: 32872594 PMCID: PMC7504772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics are widely used due to their excellent properties, inexpensiveness and versatility leading to an exponential consumption growth during the last decades. However, most plastic does not biodegrade in any meaningful sense; it can exist for hundreds of years. Only a small percentage of plastic waste is recycled, the rest being dumped in landfills, incinerated or simply not collected. Waste-water treatment plants can only minimize the problem by trapping plastic particles of larger size and some smaller ones remain within oxidation ponds or sewage sludge, but a large amount of microplastics still contaminate water streams and marine systems. Thus, it is clear that in order to tackle this potential ecological disaster, new strategies are necessary. This review aims at briefly introducing the microplastics threat and critically discusses emerging technologies, which are capable to efficiently clean aqueous media. Special focus is given to novel greener approaches based on lignocellulose flocculants and other biomaterials. In the final part of the present review, it was given a proof of concept, using a bioflocculant to remove micronized plastic from aqueous medium. The obtained results demonstrate the huge potential of these biopolymers to clean waters from the microplastics threat, using flocculants with appropriate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Magalhães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Luís Alves
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Medronho
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Campus de Gambelas, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (B.M.); (A.R.)
- Fibre Science and Communication Network (FSCN), Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Campus de Gambelas, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 8, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (B.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria da Graça Rasteiro
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II – R. Silvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Zhang L, Tu D, Li X, Lu W, Li J. Impact of long-term industrial contamination on the bacterial communities in urban river sediments. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32795344 PMCID: PMC7427966 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contamination of the aquatic environment of urban rivers with industrial wastewater has affected the abiotic conditions and biological activities of the trophic levels of the ecosystem, particularly sediments. However, most current research about microorganism in urban aquatic environments has focused on indicator bacteria related to feces and organic pollution. Meanwhile, they ignored the interactions among microorganisms. To deeply understand the impact of industrial contamination on microbial community, we study the bacterial community structure and diversity in river sediments under the influence of different types of industrial pollution by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and conduct a more detailed analysis of microbial community structure through co-occurrence networks. RESULTS The overall community composition and abundance of individual bacterial groups differed between samples. In addition, redundancy analysis indicated that the structure of the bacterial community in river sediments was influenced by a variety of environmental factors. TN, TP, TOC and metals (Cu, Zn and Cd) were the most important driving factors that determined the bacterial community in urban river sediments (P < 0.01). According to PICRUSt analysis, the bacterial communities in different locations had similar overall functional profiles. It is worth noting that the 15 functional genes related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were the most abundant in the same location. The non-random assembly patterns of bacterial composition in different types of industrially polluted sediments were determined by a co-occurrence network. Environmental conditions resulting from different industrial pollutants may play an important role in determining their co-occurrence patterns of these bacterial taxa. Among them, the bacterial taxa involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles in module I were relatively abundant, and the bacterial taxa in module II were involved in the repair of metal pollution. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that long-term potential interactions between different types of industrial pollution and taxa collectively affect the structure of the bacterial community in urban river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, 1 West Huifeng Road, Chuzhou, 239000, China.
| | - Demei Tu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, 1 West Huifeng Road, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, 1 West Huifeng Road, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jing Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230036, China
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Cockburn CF, Gregory BRB, Nasser NA, Patterson RT. Intra-Lake Arcellinida (Testate Lobose Amoebae) Response to Winter De-icing Contamination in an Eastern Canada Road-Side "Salt Belt" Lake. Microb Ecol 2020; 80:366-383. [PMID: 32385616 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt contamination of lakes, due to the application of winter de-icing salts on roads, presents a significant environmental challenge in the "salt belt" region of eastern North America. The research reported here presents the first deployment of a previously published proxy tool based on Arcellinida (testate lobose amoebae) for monitoring road salt contamination. The research was conducted at Silver Lake in Eastern Ontario, a 4-km-long lake with the heavily traveled Trans-Canada Highway (HWY 7) transiting the entire southern shore. The lake showed elevated conductivity (297-310 μS/cm) and sub-brackish conditions (0.14-0.15 ppt). Sodium levels were also elevated near the roadside (median Na = 1020 ppm). Cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling results revealed four distinct Arcellinida assemblages: "Stressed Cool Water Assemblage (SCWA)," "Deep Cold Water Assemblage (DCWA)," both from below the 8-m thermocline, and the shallower water "Shallow Water Assemblage 1 (SWA-1)" and "Shallow Water Assemblage 2 (SWA-2)". Redundancy analysis showed a minor response of Arcellinida to road salt contamination in shallower areas of the lake, with confounding variables significantly impacting assemblage distribution, particularly beneath the thermocline (e.g., water temperature, water depth, sediment runoff from catchment [Ti], sediment geochemistry [Ca, S]). The results of this study indicate that the trophic structure of the lake has to date only been modestly impacted by the cumulative nature of road salt contamination. Nonetheless, the Silver Lake results should be considered of concern and warrant continued arcellinidan biomonitoring to gauge the ongoing and long-term effects of road salt on its ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Cockburn
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Braden R B Gregory
- Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nawaf A Nasser
- Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - R Timothy Patterson
- Ottawa-Carleton Geoscience Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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O'Brien AM, Laurich J, Lash E, Frederickson ME. Mutualistic Outcomes Across Plant Populations, Microbes, and Environments in the Duckweed Lemna minor. Microb Ecol 2020; 80:384-397. [PMID: 32123959 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The picture emerging from the rapidly growing literature on host-associated microbiota is that host traits and fitness often depend on interactive effects of host genotype, microbiota, and abiotic environment. However, testing interactive effects typically requires large, multi-factorial experiments and thus remains challenging in many systems. Furthermore, most studies of plant microbiomes focus on terrestrial hosts and microbes. Aquatic habitats may confer unique properties to microbiomes. We grew different populations of duckweed (Lemna minor), a floating aquatic plant, in three microbial treatments (adding no, "home", or "away" microbes) at two levels of zinc, a common water contaminant in urban areas, and measured both plant and microbial performance. Thus, we simultaneously manipulated plant source population, microbial community, and abiotic environment. We found strong effects of plant source, microbial treatment, and zinc on duckweed and microbial growth, with significant variation among duckweed genotypes and microbial communities. However, we found little evidence of interactive effects: zinc did not alter effects of host genotype or microbial community, and host genotype did not alter effects of microbial communities. Despite strong positive correlations between duckweed and microbe growth, zinc consistently decreased plant growth, but increased microbial growth. Furthermore, as in recent studies of terrestrial plants, microbial interactions altered a duckweed phenotype (frond aggregation). Our results suggest that duckweed source population, associated microbiome, and contaminant environment should all be considered for duckweed applications, such as phytoremediation. Lastly, we propose that duckweed microbes offer a robust experimental system for study of host-microbiota interactions under a range of environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M O'Brien
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Jason Laurich
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Emma Lash
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Megan E Frederickson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Ruckart PZ, Ettinger AS, Hanna-Attisha M, Jones N, Davis SI, Breysse PN. The Flint Water Crisis: A Coordinated Public Health Emergency Response and Recovery Initiative. J Public Health Manag Pract 2020; 25 Suppl 1, Lead Poisoning Prevention:S84-S90. [PMID: 30507775 PMCID: PMC6309965 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The City of Flint was already distressed because of decades of financial decline when an estimated 140 000 individuals were exposed to lead and other contaminants in drinking water. In April 2014, Flint's drinking water source was changed from Great Lakes' Lake Huron (which was provided by the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department) to the Flint River without necessary corrosion control treatment to prevent lead release from pipes and plumbing. Lead exposure can damage children's brains and nervous systems, lead to slow growth and development, and result in learning, behavior, hearing, and speech problems. After the involvement of concerned residents and independent researchers, Flint was reconnected to the Detroit water system on October 16, 2015. A federal emergency was declared in January 2016. PROGRAM The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided assistance and support for response and recovery efforts including coordinating effective health messaging; assessing lead exposure; providing guidance on blood lead screening protocols; and identifying and linking community members to appropriate follow-up services.In response to the crisis in Flint, Congress funded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to establish a federal advisory committee; enhance Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program activities; and support a voluntary Flint lead exposure registry. The registry, funded through a grant to Michigan State University, is designed to identify eligible participants and ensure robust registry data; monitor health, child development, service utilization, and ongoing lead exposure; improve service delivery to lead-exposed individuals; and coordinate with other community and federally funded programs in Flint. The registry is also collaborating to make Flint "lead-free" and to share best practices with other communities. DISCUSSION The Flint water crisis highlights the need for improved risk communication strategies, and environmental health infrastructure, enhanced surveillance, and primary prevention to identify and respond to environmental threats to the public's health. Collecting data is important to facilitate action and decision making to prevent lead poisoning. Partnerships can help guide innovative strategies for primary lead prevention, raise awareness, extend outreach and communication efforts, and promote a shared sense of ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perri Zeitz Ruckart
- Lead Poisoning Prevention and Environmental Health Tracking Branch, Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Ruckart and Dr Ettinger); Pediatric Public Health Initiative and Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, Michigan (Dr Hanna-Attisha); Department of Pediatrics and Human Development/Division of Public Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (Dr Jones); Office of Science, National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ms Davis); and National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Breysse)
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Phelan A(A, Ross H, Setianto NA, Fielding K, Pradipta L. Ocean plastic crisis-Mental models of plastic pollution from remote Indonesian coastal communities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236149. [PMID: 32722705 PMCID: PMC7386615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The crisis facing the world’s oceans from plastics is well documented, yet there is little knowledge of the perspectives, experiences and options of the coastal communities facing overwhelming quantities of plastics on their beaches and in their fishing waters. In emerging economies such as those in the Coral Triangle, the communities affected are among the poorest of their countries. To understand the consequences of ocean plastic pollution in coastal regions, through the eyes of local people, this study examines the knowledge, use, disposal and local consequences of single use plastics in remote island communities in two archipelagos of southern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using mixed methods—a survey of plastic literacy and behaviour, household interviews about purchasing and disposal, and focus group discussions to generate shared mental models—we identify a complex set of factors contributing to extensive plastic leakage into the marine environment. The rising standard of living has allowed people in low resource, remote communities to buy more single-use plastic items than they could before. Meanwhile complex geography and minimal collection services make waste management a difficult issue, and leave the communities themselves to shoulder the impacts of the ocean plastic crisis. Although plastic literacy is low, there is little the coastal communities can do unless presented with better choice architecture both on the supply side and in disposal options. Our results suggest that for such coastal communities improved waste disposal is urgent. Responsible supply chains and non-plastic alternatives are needed. Producers and manufacturers can no longer focus only on low-cost packaged products, without taking responsibility for the outcomes. Without access to biodegradable, environmentally friendly products, and a circular plastic system, coastal communities and surrounding marine ecosystems will continue to be inundated in plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna (Anya) Phelan
- Business School, Faculty of Business Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Helen Ross
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Novie Andri Setianto
- Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Kelly Fielding
- School of Communications and Arts, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lengga Pradipta
- Division of Human Ecology, Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, West Java, Indonesia
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Genzer JL, Kamalanathan M, Bretherton L, Hillhouse J, Xu C, Santschi PH, Quigg A. Diatom aggregation when exposed to crude oil and chemical dispersant: Potential impacts of ocean acidification. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235473. [PMID: 32634146 PMCID: PMC7340286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms play a key role in the marine carbon cycle with their high primary productivity and release of exudates such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP). These exudates contribute to aggregates (marine snow) that rapidly transport organic material to the seafloor, potentially capturing contaminants like petroleum components. Ocean acidification (OA) impacts marine organisms, especially those that utilize inorganic carbon for photosynthesis and EPS production. Here we investigated the response of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana grown to present day and future ocean conditions in the presence of a water accommodated fraction (WAF and OAWAF) of oil and a diluted chemically enhanced WAF (DCEWAF and OADCEWAF). T. pseudonana responded to WAF/DCEWAF but not OA and no multiplicative effect of the two factors (i.e., OA and oil/dispersant) was observed. T. pseudonana released more colloidal EPS (< 0.7 μm to > 3 kDa) in the presence of WAF/DCEWAF/OAWAF/OADCEWAF than in the corresponding Controls. Colloidal EPS and particulate EPS in the oil/dispersant treatments have higher protein-to-carbohydrate ratios than those in the control treatments, and thus are likely stickier and have a greater potential to form aggregates of marine oil snow. More TEP was produced in response to WAF than in Controls; OA did not influence its production. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and distributions were significantly impacted by the presence of dispersants but not OA. PAHs especially Phenanthrenes, Anthracenes, Chrysenes, Fluorenes, Fluoranthenes, Pyrenes, Dibenzothiophenes and 1-Methylphenanthrene show major variations in the aggregate and surrounding seawater fraction of oil and oil plus dispersant treatments. Studies like this add to the current knowledge of the combined effects of aggregation, marine snow formation, and the potential impacts of oil spills under ocean acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Genzer
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manoj Kamalanathan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Bretherton
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jessica Hillhouse
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter H. Santschi
- Department of Marine Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Jiang X, Zu L, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Wu X. Micro-algal astaxanthin could improve the antioxidant capability, immunity and ammonia resistance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:499-510. [PMID: 32408019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green alga Haematococcus pluvialis is an important source of natural astaxanthin (Ast), which have been shown to be beneficial for the color formulation, survival, antioxidation, immunity and stress resistance of many crustacean. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of H. pluvialis meal on growth, antioxidant status, ammonia resistance, color parameters, and carotenoids composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Five diets were formulated to contain 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg dry diets of natural Ast (defined as Diet 1-5) using H. pluvialis meal as astaxanthin source. The results showed that: (1) Although all treatments with Ast supplementation had the relatively higher growth performance and survival than the control (Diet 1 treatment), no significant differences were found on growth performance, feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index among all treatments. (2) The highest total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in hepatopancreas and hemolymph were observed in Diet 4 and 3 treatments respectively, while the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in hepatopancreas and hemolymph were also found in these two treatments. Furthermore, the significantly positive relationships were detected on acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and dietary Ast contents for hepatopancreas and hemolymph. (3) Diet 3 treatment had the highest mRNA levels of EsLecA, EsTrx, and EsPrx6 in hepatopancreas, while both Diet 3 and 4 treatments reached the peaks for mRNA expression levels of EsMyd88 and EsHc, respectively. (4) The stress test with ammonia-N indicated Diet 1 treatment had the highest mortality among all treatments, and the lowest mortality was found on Diet 3 treatment during the stress test. (5) Dietary Ast significantly improved the redness (a*) of carapace and hepatopancreas, which were consistent with the Ast contents in these tissues from the different treatments. Ast concentrations in carapace reached the plateau for Diet 3 treatment while hepatopancreatic Ast concentration kept increasing with elevating dietary Ast contents. In conclusion, natural astaxanthin could enhance the antioxidative capability, non-specific immunity, tissue Ast contents and stress resistance to ammonia-N, and these results suggested the optimal diet micro-algal astaxanthin was around 60 mg/kg for juvenile E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150036, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lu Zu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150036, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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