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Awassa J, Soulé S, Cornu D, Ruby C, El-Kirat-Chatel S. Understanding the nanoscale adhesion forces between the fungal pathogen Candida albicans and antimicrobial zinc-based layered double hydroxides using single-cell and single-particle force spectroscopy. Nanoscale 2024; 16:5383-5394. [PMID: 38375749 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Antifungal resistance has become a very serious concern, and Candida albicans is considered one of the most opportunistic fungal pathogens responsible for several human infections. In this context, the use of new antifungal agents such as zinc-based layered double hydroxides to fight such fungal pathogens is considered one possible means to help limit the problem of antifungal resistance. In this study, we show that ZnAl LDH nanoparticles exhibit remarkable antifungal properties against C. albicans and cause serious cell wall damage, as revealed by growth tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. To further link the antifungal activity of ZnAl LDHs to their adhesive behaviors toward C. albicans cells, AFM-based single-cell spectroscopy and single-particle force spectroscopy were used to probe the nanoscale adhesive interactions. The force spectroscopy analysis revealed that antimicrobial ZnAl LDHs exhibit specific surface interactions with C. albicans cells, demonstrating remarkable force magnitudes and adhesion frequencies in comparison with non-antifungal negative controls, e.g., Al-coated substrates and MgAl LDHs, which showed limited interactions with C. albicans cells. Force signatures suggest that such adhesive interactions may be attributed to the presence of agglutinin-like sequence (Als) adhesive proteins at the cell wall surface of C. albicans cells. Our findings propose the presence of a strong correlation between the antifungal effect provided by ZnAl LDHs and their nanoscale adhesive interactions with C. albicans cells at both the single-cell and single-particle levels. Therefore, ZnAl LDHs could interact with C. albicans fungal pathogens by specific adhesive interactions through which they adhere to fungal cells, leading to their damage and subsequent growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazia Awassa
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Samantha Soulé
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Damien Cornu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Christian Ruby
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
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2
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Zhu Z, Lin Y, Li L, Liu K, Wen W, Ding S, Liu M, Lu L, Zhou C, Luo B. 3D Printing Drug-Free Scaffold with Triple-Effect Combination Induced by Copper-Doped Layered Double Hydroxides for the Treatment of Bone Defects. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:58196-58211. [PMID: 38079497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds have been widely used to treat bone defects; however, poor biological activities have always been key challenges for its further application. To address this issue, introducing bioactive drugs or factors is the most commonly used method, but there are often many problems such as high cost, uncontrollable and monotonous drug activity, and poor bioavailability. Here, a drug-free 3D printing PLLA scaffold with a triple-effect combination induced by surface-modified copper-doped layered double hydroxides (Cu-LDHs) is proposed. In the early stage of scaffold implantation, Cu-LDHs exert a photothermal therapy (PTT) effect to generate high temperature to effectively prevent bacterial infection. In the later stage, Cu-LDHs can further have a mild hyperthermia (MHT) effect to stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation, demonstrating excellent vascularization and osteogenic activity. More importantly, with the degradation of Cu-LDHs, the released Cu2+ and Mg2+ provide an ion microenvironment effect and further synergize with the MHT effect to stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation, thus more effectively promoting the healing of bone tissue. This triple-effect combined scaffold exhibits outstanding antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities, as well as the advantages of low cost, convenient procedure, and long-term efficacy, and is expected to provide a promising strategy for clinical repair of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Zhu
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yating Lin
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wen
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Shan Ding
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changren Zhou
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Binghong Luo
- Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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Jing G, Yang L, Wang H, Niu J, Wang H, Gao Y, Li Y, Wei B, Qian Y, Wang S. Blocked Autophagy is Involved in Layered Double Hydroxide-Induced Repolarization and Immune Activation in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301471. [PMID: 37549006 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The polar plasticity of TAMs makes them important targets for improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors. The previous study reveals that layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can effectively promote the polarization of TAMs from the anti-inflammatory M2 type to the pro-inflammatory M1 type. However, their mechanisms of action remain unexplored. This study reveals that LDHs composed of different cations exhibit distinct abilities to regulate the polarity of TAMs. Compared to Mg-Fe LDH, Mg-Al LDH has a stronger ability to promote the repolarization of TAMs from M2 to M1 and inhibit the formation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, Mg-Al LDH restrains the growth of tumors in vivo and promotes the infiltration of activated immune cells into the TME more effectively. Interestingly, Mg-Al LDH influences the autophagy of TAMs; this negatively correlates with the pro-inflammatory ability of TAMs. Therefore, LDHs exert their polarization ability by inhibiting the autophagy of TAMs, and this mechanism might be related to the ionic composition of LDHs. This study lays the foundation for optimizing the performance of LDH-based immune adjuvants, which display excellent application prospects for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Jing
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Linnan Yang
- The Center for Scientific Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jintong Niu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Huichao Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Youyuan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Bangguo Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yechang Qian
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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Zhou C, Chen J, Zheng B, Zhu P, Chu Q, Li F, Fu Y, Li X, Luo J. Integration of CoAl-Layered Double Hydroxides on Commensal Bacteria to Enable Targeted Tumor Inhibition and Immunotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44731-44741. [PMID: 37708438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy brings hope for a complete cancer cure. Due to their selective colonization and immune activation capacity, some bacteria have the potential to realize targeted immunotherapy. Herein, a biohybrid system was designed and synthesized by cladding NO3--intercalated cobalt aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH) on anaerobic Propionibacterium acnes (PA) (PA@LDH). In this system, the covering of LDH reduces the pathogenicity of PA to normal tissues and alters its surface charge for prolonged in vivo circulation. Once the tumor site is reached, the acid-responsive degradation of LDH enables PA exposure. PA can colonize and convert nitrate ions to nitric oxide (NO) through denitrification. Then, NO reacts with intracellular O2·- to produce toxic reactive nitrogen species ONOO- and induce tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, cobalt ions released from LDH can inhibit the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), thus increasing the level of O2·- and further enhancing the antitumor effect. Moreover, PA exposure activates M2-to-M1 macrophage polarization and a range of immune responses, thereby achieving a sustained antitumor activity. In vitro and in vivo results reveal that the biohybrid system eliminates solid tumors and inhibits tumor metastasis effectively. Overall, the biohybrid strategy provides a new avenue for realizing simultaneous immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yike Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310022, China
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5
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Su L, Qin S, Yu X, Chen Y, Wang L, Dong W, Xie Z, Zhang H. NiCo LDH nanozymes with selective antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria for wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7675-7683. [PMID: 37482808 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have been a major threat to human health. Especially, Gram-negative (G-) bacterial infections have been an increasing problem worldwide. The overuse of antibiotics leads to an emergence of drug resistance, and thus the development of novel antimicrobial agents is important, particularly against G- bacteria. Nanozymes use reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria, reducing the risk of bacterial resistance and providing new opportunities to meet the challenges of strain selectivity. Here, we synthesized NiCo layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanozymes, which exhibit selective antibacterial activity based on their peroxide-like (POD-like) activity. To obtain the highest antibacterial activity, the POD-like activity of NiCo LDH nanozyme was further optimized by tuning the ratio of nickel and cobalt, and Ni4Co6 LDHs showed the highest POD activity and antibacterial activity. More importantly, Ni4Co6 LDHs can achieve selective sterilization of G- bacteria due to their electrostatic adsorption and hydrophilic interactions with the bacterial cell wall. Animal experiments further indicated that the healing of G- bacteria-infected wounds was effectively promoted without damaging their normal biological tissues. In conclusion, we provide a selective antibacterial agent through a simple strategy, which provides a new direction for the application of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Sainan Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xinai Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Wenpei Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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6
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Awassa J, Soulé S, Cornu D, Ruby C, El-Kirat-Chatel S. Understanding the role of surface interactions in the antibacterial activity of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles by atomic force microscopy. Nanoscale 2022; 14:10335-10348. [PMID: 35833371 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of the interactions between zinc-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and bacterial surfaces is of great importance to improve the efficiency of these antibiotic-free antibacterial agents. In fact, the role of surface interactions in the antibacterial activity of zinc-based LDH nanoparticles compared to that of dissolution and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still not well documented. In this study, we show that ZnAl LDH nanoparticles exhibit a strong antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus by inducing serious cell wall damages as revealed by the antibacterial activity tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, respectively. The comparison of the antibacterial properties of ZnAl LDH nanoparticles and micron-sized ZnAl LDHs also demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of Zn-based LDHs goes beyond the simple dissolution into Zn2+ antibacterial ions. Furthermore, we developed an original approach to functionalize AFM tips with LDH films in order to probe their interactions with living S. aureus cells by means of AFM-based force spectroscopy (FS). The force spectroscopy analysis revealed that antibacterial ZnAl LDH nanoparticles show specific recognition of S. aureus cells with high adhesion frequency and remarkable force magnitudes. This finding provides a first insight into the antibacterial mechanism of Zn-based LDHs through direct surface interactions by which they are able to recognize and adhere to bacterial surfaces, thus damaging them and leading to subsequent growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazia Awassa
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Samantha Soulé
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Damien Cornu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Christian Ruby
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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He X, Xie X, Xu H, Liu J, Li B, Zhang Q. Promoted removal of phosphate by layered double hydroxides combined with bacteria: Application of novel carriers in biofilm reactor. Bioresour Technol 2022; 349:126879. [PMID: 35202826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were used as carriers for the microbial consortium in sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) without inoculation to promote the removal of phosphate. The adsorption capacity of [Zn-Al]-LDH was significantly better than that of [Mg-Al]-LDH. The pollutants removal performance and behavior of microorganisms in LDH-SBBRs were also investigated. LDH-SBBRs showed improved removal efficiencies of COD, phosphate and TP with a low C/N ratio. Microscopic images show that biofilm formed rapidly in LDH-SBBRs. SEM-EDS detected abundant carbon and phosphorus, implying that biomass and phosphorus accumulate on LDH carriers. The microbial compositions of the three SBBRs indicate that the LDHs carriers improved the biodiversity of biofilm in the bioreactors. Synergistic effects of adsorption and biodegradation between well-structured LDHs and microorganisms led to an improved phosphate removal performance of LDH-SBBR. The results also demonstrate that [Zn-Al]-LDH carrier is the best for improving SBBR phosphate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman He
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanle Xu
- Hubei Urban Construction Design Institute Co, Ltd., Wuhan 430051, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bolin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Nguyen HTT, Kheravii SK, Wu SB, Roberts JR, Swick RA, Toghyani M. Sources and levels of copper affect liver copper profile, intestinal morphology and cecal microbiota population of broiler chickens fed wheat-soybean meal diets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2249. [PMID: 35145167 PMCID: PMC8831510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Super dosing copper (Cu) has long been used as an alternative to antibiotic growth-promoters in broiler chickens' diet to improve gut health. This study was designed to compare nutritional and growth-promoting levels of Cu hydroxychloride (CH) with CuSO4 on gut health bio-markers and liver mineral profile of broiler chickens. Ross 308 chicks (n = 864) were randomly assigned to eight treatments, as basal diet containing no supplemental Cu; the basal diet with 15 or 200 mg/kg Cu as CuSO4; or 15, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg Cu from CH. The highest liver Cu content was observed in birds fed the diets with 200 mg/kg CuSO4 (P < 0.01). Serum FITC-d concentration as the leaky gut marker, and liver malondialdehyde concentration were not affected. Copper level or source had no effect on cecal short chain fatty acid and the mRNA expression of five jejunal genes involved in gut integrity. Negative linear responses of Cu were observed on Lactobacillus (P = 0.032), Bacteroides (P = 0.033), and Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.028) counts. The jejunal villus height increased in birds fed CH at 200 and 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Increasing Cu levels, linearly and quadratically (P < 0.001), increased Cu excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Julie R Roberts
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Mehdi Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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9
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Tang RC, Chen TC, Lin FH. Design Strategy for a Hydroxide-Triggered pH-Responsive Hydrogel as a Mucoadhesive Barrier to Prevent Metabolism Disorders. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:58340-58351. [PMID: 34871495 PMCID: PMC8802295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Excess nutrient uptake is one of the main factors of complications related to metabolism disorders. Therefore, efforts have emerged to modulate nutrient transport in the intestine. However, current approaches are mainly invasive interventions with various side effects. Here, a pH-responsive hydrogel is formulated by acidifying the hydroxide compounds within sucralfate to allow electrostatic interactions between pectin and aluminum ions. The pH responsiveness relies on the alternation of cations and hydroxide species, providing reversible shifting from a hydrogel to a complex coacervate system. It acts as a transient physical barrier coating to inhibit intestinal absorption and changes the viscosity and barrier function in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, showing enhanced mucoadhesive properties. The therapeutic hydrogel remarkably lowers the immediate blood glucose response by modulating nutrient contact with bowel mucosa, suggesting potential in treating diabetes. In addition, it significantly reduces weight gain, fat accumulation, and hepatic lipid deposition in rodent models. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating pH-responsive hydrogels, which may serve as a competent candidate for metabolism disorder management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Chian Tang
- Department
of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Tzu-Chien Chen
- Department
of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Department
of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan (ROC)
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan (ROC)
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10
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Ibrahium SM, Farghali AA, Mahmoud R, Wahba AA, El-Ashram S, Mahran HA, Aboelhadid SM. New insight on some selected nanoparticles as an effective adsorbent toward diminishing the health risk of deltamethrin contaminated water. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258749. [PMID: 34735469 PMCID: PMC8568195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin is a widely used insecticide that kills a wide variety of insects and ticks. Deltamethrin resistance develops as a result of intensive, repeated use, as well as increased environmental contamination and a negative impact on public health. Its negative impact on aquatic ecology and human health necessitated the development of a new technique for environmental remediation and wastewater treatment, such as the use of nanotechnology. The co-precipitation method was used to create Zn-Fe/LDH, Zn-AL-GA/LDH, and Fe-oxide nanoparticles (NPs), which were then characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM. The kinetic study of adsorption test revealed that these NPs were effective at removing deltamethrin from wastewater. The larval packet test, which involved applying freshly adsorbed deltamethrin nanocomposites (48 hours after adsorption), and the comet assay test were used to confirm that deltamethrin had lost its acaricidal efficacy. The kinetics of the deltamethrin adsorption process was investigated using several kinetic models at pH 7, initial concentration of deltamethrin 40 ppm and temperature 25°C. Within the first 60 min, the results indicated efficient adsorption performance in deltamethrin removal, the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.56 mg/L, 17.60 mg/L, and 3.06 mg/L with the Zn-Al LDH/GA, Zn-Fe LDH, and Fe Oxide, respectively. On tick larvae, the results of the freshly adsorbed DNC bioassay revealed larval mortality. This suggests that deltamethrin's acaricidal activity is still active. However, applying DNCs to tick larvae 48 hours after adsorption had no lethal effect, indicating that deltamethrin had lost its acaricidal activity. The latter result corroborated the results of the adsorption test's kinetic study. Furthermore, the comet assay revealed that commercial deltamethrin caused 28.51% DNA damage in tick cells, which was significantly higher than any DNC. In conclusion, the NPs used play an important role in deltamethrin decontamination in water, resulting in reduced public health risk. As a result, these NPs could be used as a method of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A. Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef, University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Wahba
- Parasitology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. Mahran
- Health Informatics Department, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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11
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Liu J, Sun L, Li L, Zhang R, Xu ZP. Synergistic Cancer Photochemotherapy via Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Trimodal Nanomedicine at Very Low Therapeutic Doses. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:7115-7126. [PMID: 33543935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The success of cancer therapy is always accompanied by severe side effects due to the high amount of toxic antitumor drugs that off-target normal organs/tissues. Herein, we report the development of a trifunctional layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosystem for combined photochemotherapy of skin cancer at very low therapeutic doses. This nanosystem (ICG/Cu-LDH@BSA-DOX) is composed of acid-responsive bovine serum albumin-doxorubicin prodrug (BSA-DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG)-intercalated Cu-doped LDH nanoparticle. ICG/Cu-LDH@BSA-DOX is able to release DOX in an acid-triggered manner, efficiently and simultaneously generates heating and reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon 808 nm laser irradiation, and synergistically induces apoptosis of skin cancer cells. In vivo therapeutic evaluations demonstrate that ICG/Cu-LDH@BSA-DOX nearly eradicated the tumor tissues upon one-course treatment using very low doses of therapeutic agents (0.175 mg/kg DOX, 0.5 mg/kg Cu, and 0.25 mg/kg ICG) upon very mild 808 nm laser irradiation (0.3 W/cm2 for 2 min). This work thus provides a novel strategy to design anticancer nanomedicine for efficient combination cancer treatment with minimal side effects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Luyao Sun
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Liu CG, Tang HX, Zheng X, Yang DY, Zhang Y, Zhang JT, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Liu G, Chen AZ. Near-Infrared-Activated Lysosome Pathway Death Induced by ROS Generated from Layered Double Hydroxide-Copper Sulfide Nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:40673-40683. [PMID: 32786245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The overdeveloped lysosomes in cancer cells are gaining increasing attention toward more precise and effective organelle-targeted cancer therapy. It is suggested that rod/plate-like nanomaterials with an appropriate size exhibited a greater quantity and longer-term lysosomal enrichment, as the shape plays a notable role in the nanomaterial transmembrane process and subcellular behaviors. Herein, a biodegradable platform based on layered double hydroxide-copper sulfide nanocomposites (LDH-CuS NCs) is successfully prepared via in situ growth of CuS nanodots on LDH nanoplates. The as-prepared LDH-CuS NCs exhibited not only high photothermal conversion and near-infrared (NIR)-induced chemodynamic and photodynamic therapeutic efficacies, but also could achieve real-time in vivo photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of the entire tumor. LDH-CuS NCs accumulated in lysosomes would then generate extensive subcellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, leading to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) pathway-associated cell death both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Han-Xiao Tang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Da-Yun Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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13
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH conditioners on tooth bleaching using hematoporphirin-stained paper and artificially discolored bovine tooth model. Experimental bleaching gels containing 23% hydrogen peroxide, adjusting pH 7.0 by different pH conditioners (NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, KOH, KHCO3, and K2CO3), were prepared. Each bleaching gel was applied on a hematoporphirin-stained paper, and the light was exposed for 5 min. Before and after bleaching, color was measured and color difference was calculated. Artificially discolored bovine tooth samples were prepared and bleached by four experimental bleaching gels containing NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, or KHCO3. The bleaching time was 10 min with light exposure, and bleaching was repeated 10 times. The color of bleached surface was measured at each bleaching period, and color difference was calculated. In the experiment using hematoporphirin-stained paper, degrees of color difference were KHCO3 > NaHCO3 > KOH > NaOH > Na2CO3 ≥ K2CO3. In the experiment using bovine teeth, degrees of color difference were KHCO3 > NaHCO3 > NaOH > Na2CO3. It was concluded that the bleaching materials with same pH and different pH conditioners showed different bleaching effects and that both cation and anion in the pH conditioners affected bleaching effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Jaiswal PS, Mittal N, Randhawa GS. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba type 1 metallothionein (CtMT1) gene is upregulated under drought stress and its protein product has an additional C-X-C motif and unique metal binding pattern. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1324-1334. [PMID: 30098366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in cellular homeostasis of essential metal ions and detoxification of nonessential metal ions. We report here the identification of four MT genes, CtMT1, CtMT2, CtMT3 and CtMT4, encoding CtMT1, CtMT2, CtMT3 and CtMT4 proteins, respectively, from the industrial guar crop. The primary structures of last three proteins were similar to those of respective MT proteins of other plants but the CtMT1 protein primary structure was different from the other plant MT1 proteins in having an additional C-X-C motif. The four MT genes showed tissue specific expression patterns suggesting their specific roles in different tissues. High expression of CtMT1 gene was observed in roots and nodules whereas CtMT2 and CtMT3 genes showed high expression in leaves. The expression of CtMT4 gene was high in seeds. The qRT-PCR studies revealed upregulation in expression of CtMT1 gene under drought stress. Recombinant CtMT1 protein was produced in E. coli Rosetta cells and purified by metal affinity chromatography. The purified protein showed antioxidant property and the order of its metal ion binding affinities was Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Fe2+ > Cd2+. This information about CtMT1 protein is expected to be useful in understanding its role in drought tolerance and other physiological processes of guar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Subhash Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishu Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gursharn Singh Randhawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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15
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Gao R, Mei X, Yan D, Liang R, Wei M. Nano-photosensitizer based on layered double hydroxide and isophthalic acid for singlet oxygenation and photodynamic therapy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2798. [PMID: 30022060 PMCID: PMC6052022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen has won a great deal of attention to catalysis and biological studies due to its strong oxidizing properties. However, the photosensitizers which require for the generation of singlet oxygen remain inadequate because of their lack of long-wavelength absorption, weak hydrophilicity, and poor biocompatibility. Here, we develop near-infrared laser activated supramolecular photosensitizers (isophthalic acid/layered double hydroxide nanohybrids) for efficient two-photon photodynamic therapy. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of nanohybrid is up to 0.74. Critically, in vitro tests verify the superior anti-cancer properties of nanohybrid with an IC50 determine to be 0.153 μg mL-1. The nanohybrids take advantage of the superior tissue penetration of 808 nm laser irradiation and exhibit a dramatically strong ability to ablate tumors in vivo, with extremely low toxicity. This work provides the proof of concept that ultralong-lived triplet excitons can function as two-photon-activated photosensitizers for an effective singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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16
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Zhao L, Huang Y, Keller AA. Comparative Metabolic Response between Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus) and Corn ( Zea mays) to a Cu(OH) 2 Nanopesticide. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6628-6636. [PMID: 28493687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique properties, copper-based nanopesticides are emerging in the market. Thus, understanding their effect on crop plants is very important. Metabolomics can capture a snapshot of cellular metabolic responses to a stressor. We selected maize and cucumber as model plants for exposure to different doses of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide. GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics was employed to determine the metabolic responses of these two species. Results revealed significant differences in metabolite profile changes between maize and cucumber. Furthermore, the Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide induced metabolic reprogramming in both species, but in different manners. In maize, several intermediate metabolites of the glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) were up-regulated, indicating the energy metabolism was activated. In addition, the levels of aromatic compounds (4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 1,2,4-benzenetriol) and their precursors (phenylalanine, tyrosine) were enhanced, indicating the activation of shikimate-phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in maize leaves, which is an antioxidant defense-related pathway. In cucumber, arginine and proline metabolic pathways were the most significantly altered pathway. Both species exhibited altered levels of fatty acids and polysaccharides, suggesting the cell membrane and cell wall composition may change in response to Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide. Thus, metabolomics helps to deeply understand the differential response of these plants to the same nanopesticide stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-5131 , United States
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17
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Dogra V, Kaur G, Kaur A, Kumar R, Kumar S. In vitro assessment of antimicrobial and genotoxic effect of metallosurfactant based nickel hydroxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and its genomic DNA. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:99-108. [PMID: 29894838 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have synthesized nickel hydroxide nanosuspensions (Ns) using microemulsion technique. This approach is eco-friendly and makes use of Tween 80 (a non-ionic biocompatible surfactant) and newly synthesized metallosurfactants for the formation of uniform nanoparticles in the form of nanosuspensions (Ns). The nickel hydroxide Ns's were derived from three different metallosurfactants i.e. NiCTAC (Bishexadecyltrimethylammonium nickel tetrachloride), NiDDA (Bisdodecylamine nickel dichloride) and NiHEXA (bishexadecylamine nickel dichloride). Three different nickel-based metallosurfactants were synthesized and characterized using various methods such as CHN, 1HNMR, and FTIR. Fabrication of nanosuspension was confirmed using different characterization methods such as Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), pH and Zeta potential. These particles were further investigated for their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Effect of nanosuspensions on E. coli was confirmed using colony forming unit count, agar well diffusion, and gram staining method. Through colony forming unit count method, nanosuspensions influence on the colony-forming capacity of E. coli cells was confirmed. Agar well diffusion method provides the estimation of antimicrobial activity, and the largest inhibition zone was observed for NiCTAC Ns and smallest for NiHEXA Ns which is related to maximum and minimum bactericidal properties of Ns, respectively. The interaction behavior of bacterial DNA with Ni nanosuspension was analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism. Along with, the role of different chemical scavengers was also evaluated in DNA damage using gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of Ni nanosuspension was also confirmed using DPPH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Dogra
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Amanpuneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar 125 001, Haryana, India
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18
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Tan W, Gao Q, Deng C, Wang Y, Lee WY, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Foliar Exposure of Cu(OH) 2 Nanopesticide to Basil ( Ocimum basilicum): Variety-Dependent Copper Translocation and Biochemical Responses. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:3358-3366. [PMID: 29558120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, low and high anthocyanin basil ( Ocimum basilicum) varieties (LAV and HAV) were sprayed with 4.8 mg Cu/per pot from Cu(OH)2 nanowires, Cu(OH)2 bulk (CuPro), or CuSO4 and cultivated for 45 days. In both varieties, significantly higher Cu was determined in leaves of CuSO4 exposed plants (691 and 672.6 mg/kg for LAV and HAV, respectively); however, only in roots of HAV, Cu was higher, compared to control ( p ≤ 0.05). Nanowires increased n-decanoic, dodecanoic, octanoic, and nonanoic acids in LAV, but reduced n-decanoic, dodecanoic, octanoic, and tetradecanoic acids in HAV, compared with control. In HAV, all compounds reduced eugenol (87%), 2-methylundecanal (71%), and anthocyanin (3%) ( p ≤ 0.05). In addition, in all plant tissues, of both varieties, nanowires and CuSO4 reduced Mn, while CuPro increased chlorophyll contents, compared with controls ( p ≤ 0.05). Results suggest that the effects of Cu(OH)2 pesticides are variety- and compound-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tan
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Qin Gao
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Chaoyi Deng
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Wen-Yee Lee
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Jose A Hernandez-Viezcas
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- Chemistry Department , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
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19
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Li Y, Zhuo J, Liu P, Chen P, Hu H, Wang Y, Zhou S, Tu Y, Peng L, Wang Y. Distinct wall polymer deconstruction for high biomass digestibility under chemical pretreatment in Miscanthus and rice. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 192:273-281. [PMID: 29691021 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy crop and rice provides enormous biomass for biofuels. Using Calcofluor White staining, this work in situ observed an initial lignocellulose hydrolysis in two distinct Miscanthus accessions, rice cultivar (NPB), and Osfc16 mutant after mild chemical pretreatments. In comparison, the M. sin and Osfc16 respectively exhibited weak Calcofluor fluorescence compared to the M. sac and NPB during enzymatic hydrolysis, consistent with the high biomass saccharification detected in vitro. Using xyloglucan-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), xyloglucan deconstruction was observed from initial cellulose hydrolysis, whereas the M. sin and Osfc16 exhibited relatively strong immunolabeling using xylan-directed mAb, confirming previous findings of xylan positive impacts on biomass saccharification. Furthermore, the M. sin showed quick disappearance of RG-I immunolabeling with varied HG labelings between acid and alkali pretreatments. Hence, this study demonstrated a quick approach to explore wall polymer distinct deconstruction for enhanced biomass saccharification under chemical pretreatment in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jingdi Zhuo
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huizhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiguang Zhou
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Hu Z, Song X, Wei C, Liu J. Behavior and mechanisms for sorptive removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate by layered double hydroxides. Chemosphere 2017; 187:196-205. [PMID: 28846976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is known to be extremely persistent and is toxic to wildlife and humans. In this study, we evaluated the sorptive removal behavior of PFOS from aqueous solution using three forms of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), namely, nitrate-, carbonate- and chloride-intercalated LDHs. Batch experiments showed that the sorption process was very fast with an equilibrium time of 10-60 min. The nitrate-LDH had the greatest ability to remove PFOS with a removal rate of 99.7% at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L and the maximum uptake capacity reached 865 mg/g. The sorption kinetic and equilibrium data could be fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, respectively. The intraparticle diffusion model suggests that both external diffusion and intraparticle diffusion are the rate-limiting processes for PFOS sorption onto the LDHs. The initial pH, background electrolyte concentration and coexisting ions influenced the sorption of PFOS by the LDHs. It was concluded that both surface adsorption and anion exchange were involved in the PFOS sorption onto the LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Changlong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Zhao L, Huang Y, Adeleye AS, Keller AA. Metabolomics Reveals Cu(OH) 2 Nanopesticide-Activated Anti-oxidative Pathways and Decreased Beneficial Antioxidants in Spinach Leaves. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:10184-10194. [PMID: 28738142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While the use of nanopesticides in modern agriculture continues to increase, their effects on crop plants are still poorly understood. Here, 4 week old spinach plants grown in an artificial medium were exposed via foliar spray to Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide (0.18 and 18 mg/plant) or Cu ions (0.15 and 15 mg/plant) for 7 days. A gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach was applied to assess metabolic alterations induced by Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide in spinach leaves. Exposure to Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide and copper ions induced alterations in the metabolite profiles of spinach leaves. Compared to the control, exposure to 18 mg of Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide induced significant reduction (29-85%) in antioxidant or defense-associated metabolites including ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, threonic acid, β-sitosterol, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, ferulic acid, and total phenolics. The metabolic pathway for ascorbate and aldarate was disturbed in all exposed spinach plants (nanopesticide and Cu2+). Cu2+ is responsible for the reduction in antioxidants and perturbation of the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. However, nitrogen metabolism perturbation was nanopesticide-specific. Spinach biomass and photosynthetic pigments were not altered, indicating that metabolomics can be a rapid and sensitive tool for the detection og earlier nanopesticide effects. Consumption of antioxidants during the antioxidant defense process resulted in reduction of the nutritional value of exposed spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management and ‡Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuxiong Huang
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management and ‡Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Adeyemi S Adeleye
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management and ‡Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management and ‡Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Kim KH, Lee OK, Kim CH, Seo JW, Oh BR, Lee EY. Lipase-catalyzed in-situ biosynthesis of glycerol-free biodiesel from heterotrophic microalgae, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101 biomass. Bioresour Technol 2016; 211:472-477. [PMID: 27035480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic microalgae, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101 had a large amount of lipid (56.8% total lipids). The cells in the culture medium were easily ruptured due to thin cell wall of Aurantiochytrium sp., which facilitated in-situ fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production directly from biomass. The harvested biomass had a high content of free fatty acids (FFAs), which was advantageous for glycerol-free FAMEs production. FAMEs were directly produced from Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101 biomass (48.4% saponifiable lipids) using Novozyme 435-catalyzed in-situ esterification in dimethyl carbonate (DMC). DMC was used as a lipid extraction reagent, acyl acceptor and reaction medium. A 433.09mg FAMEs/g biomass was obtained with 89.5% conversion under the optimal condition: DMC to biomass ratio of 5:1 (v/w) and enzyme to biomass ratio of 30% (w/w) at 50°C for 12h. Glycerol could not be detected in the produced FAMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Hee Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center and Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center and Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center and Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Ryang JH, Kim NH, Lee BS, Kim CT, Rhee MS. Destruction of Bacillus cereus spores in a thick soy bean paste (doenjang) by continuous ohmic heating with five sequential electrodes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:66-73. [PMID: 27214292 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study selected spores from Bacillus cereus FSP-2 strain (the isolate from a commercial doenjang processing line) as the test strain which showed significantly higher thermal resistance (P < 0·05) than B. cereus reference strain (ATCC 27348). The spores in doenjang were subjected to ohmic heating (OH) at 95, 105, 115 and 125°C for 30, 60 or 90 s using a five sequential electrode system (electrical field: 26·7 V cm(-1) ; alternating current frequency: 25 kHz). OH at 105°C for 30-90 s reduced the B. cereus spore count in doenjang samples to <4 log CFU g(-1) . Since OH treatment at 115 and 125°C caused a perceivable colour change in the product (>1·5 National Bureau of Standards units), treatment at 105°C for 60 s was selected and applied on a large scale (500 kg of product). Reliable and reproducible destruction of B. cereus spores occurred; the reductions achieved (to < 4 log CFU g(-1) ) met the Korean national standards. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural alterations in the spores (shrinkage and a distorted outer spore coat). OH is an effective method for destroying B. cereus spores to ensure the microbiological quality and safety of a thick, highly viscous sauce. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that an ohmic heating (OH) using a five sequential electrode system can effectively destroy highly heat-resistant Bacillus cereus spores which have been frequently found in a commercial doenjang processing line without perceivable quality change in the product. In addition, it may demonstrate high potential of the unique OH system used in this study that will further contribute to ensure microbiological quality and safety of crude sauces containing high levels of electrolyte other than doenjang as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Lee
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - C T Kim
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Garlich N, Da Cruz C, Da Silva AF, Carraschi SP, Malaspina IC, Pitelli RA, Bianco S. Diquat associated with copper sources for algae control: Efficacy and ecotoxicology. J Environ Sci Health B 2016; 51:215-221. [PMID: 26766580 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this research were to evaluate the efficacy of copper oxychloride (CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and diquat (1.1'-ethylene-2.2'-bipyridyldiylium dibromide), isolated and in association with 0.1% of both copper sources, in the control of the unicellular algae Ankistrodesmus gracilis and the filamentous algae Pithophora kewesis, and to determine the acute toxicity of the tested chemicals in Hyphressobrycon eques, Pomacea canaliculata, Lemna minor and Azolla caroliniana. The efficacy was estimated by the methods of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a readings, changed into growth inhibition percentage. Both algae were exposed to the following concentrations: 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.2 mg L(-1) of diquat and its association with the copper sources; and 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7; 1.0 and 1.5 mg L(-1) in the isolated applications of copper hydroxide and copper oxychloride. An untreated control was kept. The acute toxicity was estimatedby 50% lethal concentration (LC50). The copper sources were effective for A. gracilis control, at rates as high as 0.1 mg L(-1) (>95% efficacy). Isolated diquat and its association with copper hydroxide were both effective at rates as high as 0.4 mg L(-1), with 95 and 88% control efficacy, respectively. The copper oxychloride was effective at 0.2 mg L(-1), with 93% efficacy. None of the tested chemicals and associations was effective on P. kewesis control. The most sensitive non target organism to the tested chemicals was L. minor; the less sensitive was H. eques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Garlich
- a College of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Claudinei Da Cruz
- b University Center of the Barretos Educational Foundation , Barretos, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Adilson F Da Silva
- a College of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Igor C Malaspina
- a College of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Robinson A Pitelli
- d Weed Science Environmental Research Studies, Center of the College of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Silvano Bianco
- e Applied Biology Departament , College of Agricultural and Veterinary Science, São Paulo State University , Jabotical, São Paulo , Brazil
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Shafiei SS, Solati-Hashjin M, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Kalantarinejad R, Asadi-Eydivand M, Abu Osman NA. Epigallocatechin Gallate/Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Anti-Tumor Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136530. [PMID: 26317853 PMCID: PMC4552941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanotechnology in merging with biotechnology has been employed in the area of cancer management to overcome the challenges of chemopreventive strategies in order to gain promising results. Since most biological processes occur in nano scale, nanoparticles can act as carriers of certain drugs or agents to deliver it to specific cells or targets. In this study, we intercalated Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, into Ca/Al-NO3 Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, and evaluated its efficacy compared to EGCG alone on PC3 cell line. The EGCG loaded LDH nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanosizer analyses. The anticancer activity of the EGCG-loaded LDH was investigated in prostate cancer cell line (PC3) while the release behavior of EGCG from LDH was observed at pH 7.45 and 4.25. Besides enhancing of apoptotic activity of EGCG, the results showed that intercalation of EGCG into LDH can improve the anti- tumor activity of EGCG over 5-fold dose advantages in in-vitro system. Subsequently, the in-vitro release data showed that EGCG-loaded LDH had longer release duration compared to physical mixture, and the mechanism of diffusion through the particle was rate-limiting step. Acidic attack was responsible for faster release of EGCG molecules from LDH at pH of 4.25 compared to pH of 7.4. The results showed that Ca/Al-LDH nanoparticles could be considered as an effective inorganic host matrix for the delivery of EGCG to PC3 cells with controlled release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sara Shafiei
- Department of Stem cell and Regenerative medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran 14965/161, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SSS); (NAAO)
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- Biomaterials Center of Excellence, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15914, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Asadi-Eydivand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azuan Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SSS); (NAAO)
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Wu Y, Zhu R, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Sun X, Wu X, Cheng L, Zhang J, Wang S. Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles promote self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells through the PI3K signaling pathway. Nanoscale 2015; 7:11102-11114. [PMID: 26060037 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great potential for regenerative medicine due to their two unique characteristics: self-renewal and pluripotency. Several groups of nanoparticles have shown promising applications in directing the stem cell fate. Herein, we investigated the cellular effects of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDH NPs) on mouse ESCs (mESCs) and the associated molecular mechanisms. Mg-Al-LDH NPs with an average diameter of ∼100 nm were prepared by hydrothermal methods. To determine the influences of LDH NPs on mESCs, cellular cytotoxicity, self-renewal, differentiation potential, and the possible signaling pathways were explored. Evaluation of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, ROS generation and apoptosis demonstrated the low cytotoxicity of LDH NPs. The alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of pluripotency genes in mESCs were examined, which indicated that exposure to LDH NPs could support self-renewal and inhibit spontaneous differentiation of mESCs under feeder-free culture conditions. The self-renewal promotion was further proved to be independent of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Furthermore, cells treated with LDH NPs maintained the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo through formation of embryoid bodies and teratomas. In addition, we observed that LDH NPs initiated the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, while treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could block the effects of LDH NPs on mESCs. The results confirmed that the promotion of self-renewal by LDH NPs was associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Altogether, our studies identified a new role of LDH NPs in maintaining self-renewal of mouse ES cells which could potentially be applied in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Wu
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Li J, Zhang R, Siddhu MAH, He Y, Wang W, Li Y, Chen C, Liu G. Enhancing methane production of corn stover through a novel way: sequent pretreatment of potassium hydroxide and steam explosion. Bioresour Technol 2015; 181:345-50. [PMID: 25681690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Getting over recalcitrance of lignocellulose is effective way to fuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. In current work, different pretreatments were applied to enhance the digestibility of corn stover (CS). Results showed that steam explosion (SE)-treated CS produced maximal methane yield (223.2 mL/gvs) at 1.2 MPa for 10 min, which was 55.2% more than untreated (143.8 mL/gvs). Whereas 1.5% KOH-treated CS produced maximum methane yield of 208.6 mL/gvs, and significantly (α<0.05) improved 45.1% with respect to untreated. Sequent pretreatment of potassium hydroxide and steam explosion (SPPE) (1.5% KOH-1.2 MPa, 10 min) achieved a very significant (α<0.01) improvement (80.0%) of methane yield (258.8 mL/gvs) compared with untreated CS. Methane production could be well explained by the first-order and modified Gompertz models. Besides, SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses validated structural changes of CS after SPPE. SPPE might be a promising method to pretreat CS in the future AD industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Li
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Muhammad Abdul Hanan Siddhu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanfeng He
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Lima DANL, Aguiar FHB, Pini NIP, Soares LES, Martin AA, Liporoni PCS, Ambrosano GMB, Lovadino JR. In vitro effects of hydrogen peroxide combined with different activators for the in-office bleaching technique on enamel. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 73:516-21. [PMID: 25626117 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.997793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the alteration of human enamel bleached with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide associated with different activators. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty enamel/dentin blocks (4 × 4 mm) were obtained from human third molars and randomized divided according to the bleaching procedure (n = 10): G1 = 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP - Whiteness HP Maxx); G2 = HP + Halogen lamp (HL); G3 = HP + 7% sodium bicarbonate (SB); G4 = HP + 20% sodium hydroxide (SH); and G5 = 38% hydrogen peroxide (OXB - Opalescence Xtra Boost). The bleaching treatments were performed in three sessions with a 7-day interval between them. The enamel content, before (baseline) and after bleaching, was determined using an FT-Raman spectrometer and was based on the concentration of phosphate, carbonate, and organic matrix. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's test. RESULTS The results showed no significant differences between time of analysis (p = 0.5175) for most treatments and peak areas analyzed; and among bleaching treatments (p = 0.4184). The comparisons during and after bleaching revealed a significant difference in the HP group for the peak areas of carbonate and organic matrix, and for the organic matrix in OXB and HP+SH groups. Tukey's analysis determined that the difference, peak areas, and the interaction among treatment, time and peak was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The association of activators with hydrogen peroxide was effective in the alteration of enamel, mainly with regards to the organic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - FOP/Unicamp , Piracicaba, SP , Brazil
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Subils T, Casabonne C, Balagué C. The inhibitory effect of colloidal bismuth hydroxide gel on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and on the activity of Shiga toxins. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:875. [PMID: 25475210 PMCID: PMC4289334 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the causative agent of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Colloidal bismuth hydroxide gel (CBHG) is an anti-diarrheal and antisecretory compound, which does not inhibit gastrointestinal motility and reaches an in vivo gut concentration of 10.8 mg/ml of bismuth. Its action on bacteria has not been studied. We analyzed its inhibitory effects on STEC, as well as the deactivation of the Shiga toxin (Stx) and its ability to block the spread of genes encoding Stx. We determined a minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration for the STEC O157:H7 strain (EDL933), with CBHG and Chobet® bismuth cream with pectin (CBCHP). We analyzed its effect on Stx by means of cytotoxicity assay and ELISA, as well as its effect on the free 933 W Stx phage. RESULTS Effect on the EDL933 strain: CBHG: MIC 10 mg/ml of bismuth. CBCHP MIC 6 mg/ml and MBC 15 mg/ml of bismuth. Effect on EDL933 virulence factors: significant decrease in active Stx and 933 W Stx phage titer. ELISA did not find significant differences with treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained may be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies based on the use of CBHG to prevent or improve the prognosis of HUS, as it can be used to control STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Subils
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Casabonne
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudia Balagué
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Eze VC, Phan AN, Harvey AP. A more robust model of the biodiesel reaction, allowing identification of process conditions for significantly enhanced rate and water tolerance. Bioresour Technol 2014; 156:222-231. [PMID: 24508659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A more robust kinetic model of base-catalysed transesterification than the conventional reaction scheme has been developed. All the relevant reactions in the base-catalysed transesterification of rapeseed oil (RSO) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were investigated experimentally, and validated numerically in a model implemented using MATLAB. It was found that including the saponification of RSO and FAME side reactions and hydroxide-methoxide equilibrium data explained various effects that are not captured by simpler conventional models. Both the experiment and modelling showed that the "biodiesel reaction" can reach the desired level of conversion (>95%) in less than 2min. Given the right set of conditions, the transesterification can reach over 95% conversion, before the saponification losses become significant. This means that the reaction must be performed in a reactor exhibiting good mixing and good control of residence time, and the reaction mixture must be quenched rapidly as it leaves the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine C Eze
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anh N Phan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Adam P Harvey
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Tokuhara Y, Shukuya K, Tanaka M, Mouri M, Ohkawa R, Fujishiro M, Takahashi T, Okubo S, Yokota H, Kurano M, Ikeda H, Yamaguchi S, Inagaki S, Ishige-Wada M, Usui H, Yatomi Y, Shimosawa T. Detection of novel visible-light region absorbance peaks in the urine after alkalization in patients with alkaptonuria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86606. [PMID: 24466168 PMCID: PMC3900575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alkaptonuria, caused by a deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, results in the accumulation of homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, HGA) in the urine. Alkaptonuria is suspected when the urine changes color after it is left to stand at room temperature for several hours to days; oxidation of homogentisic acid to benzoquinone acetic acid underlies this color change, which is accelerated by the addition of alkali. In an attempt to develop a facile screening test for alkaptonuria, we added alkali to urine samples obtained from patients with alkaptonuria and measured the absorbance spectra in the visible light region. Methods We evaluated the characteristics of the absorption spectra of urine samples obtained from patients with alkaptonuria (n = 2) and compared them with those of urine specimens obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 5) and patients with phenylketonuria (n = 3), and also of synthetic homogentisic acid solution after alkalization. Alkalization of the urine samples and HGA solution was carried out by the addition of NaOH, KOH or NH4OH. The sample solutions were incubated at room temperature for 1 min, followed by measurement of the absorption spectra. Results Addition of alkali to alkaptonuric urine yielded characteristic absorption peaks at 406 nm and 430 nm; an identical result was obtained from HGA solution after alkalization. The absorbance values at both 406 nm and 430 nm increased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, the absorbance values at these peaks were greater in strongly alkaline samples (NaOH- KOH-added) as compared with those in weakly alkaline samples (NH4OH-added). In addition, the peaks disappeared following the addition of ascorbic acid to the samples. Conclusions We found two characteristic peaks at 406 nm and 430 nm in both alkaptonuric urine and HGA solution after alkalization. This new quick and easy method may pave the way for the development of an easy method for the diagnosis of alkaptonuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Tokuhara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- The Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shukuya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Mouri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ohkawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okubo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Yokota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Inagaki
- The Group of Neurobiology, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Ishige-Wada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Usui
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yang QZ, Chang YY, Zhao HZ. Preparation and antibacterial activity of lysozyme and layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. Water Res 2013; 47:6712-6718. [PMID: 24053938 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is necessary to develop "green" disinfection technology which does not produce disinfection by-products. Lysozyme-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites (LYZ-LDHs) were prepared by intercalating LYZ in LDH for the first time. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated using staphylococcus aureus as a target. The bacteria removal mechanism was also studied. Characterization of LYZ-LDHs by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that LYZ was successfully intercalated in LDH, compressed and deformed without secondary structural change. LYZ-LDHs showed excellent bactericidal effectiveness against staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial performance of LYZ-LDHs was found to be affected by the LYZ/LDH ratio and the pH of the bacteria-containing water. The bacteria removal efficiency of LYZ-LDHs with LYZ/LDH mass ratio of 0.8 was consistently above 94% over the pH range of 3-9. LYZ-LDHs adsorbed bacteria to their surface by LDH and then killed them by the immobilized LYZ. This new material integrated the bactericidal ability of LYZ and adsorption ability of LDH. Moreover, the antibacterial ability of LYZ-LDHs was persistent and not limited by the adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Zheng Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, College of Food and Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan 250353, PR China
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Wang X, Gao N, Zhou Q, Dong H, Yu H, Feng Y. Acidic and alkaline pretreatments of activated carbon and their effects on the performance of air-cathodes in microbial fuel cells. Bioresour Technol 2013; 144:632-636. [PMID: 23890977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) is a high performing and cost effective catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) of air-cathodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Acidic (HNO3) and alkaline (KOH) pretreatments on AC at low temperature (85°C) are conducted to enhance the performance of MFCs. The alkaline pretreatment increased the power density by 16% from 804±70 to 957±31 mW m(-2), possibly due to the decrease of ohmic resistance (from 20.58 to 19.20 Ω) and the increase of ORR activities provided by the adsorbed hydroxide ion and extra micropore area/volume after alkaline pretreatment. However, acidic pretreatment decreased the power output to 537±36 mW m(-2), which can be mainly attributed to the corrosion by adsorbed proton at the interface of AC powder and stainless steel mesh and the decreased pore area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China
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Jung KW, Moon C, Cho SK, Kim SH, Shin HS, Kim DH. Conversion of organic solid waste to hydrogen and methane by two-stage fermentation system with reuse of methane fermenter effluent as diluting water in hydrogen fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2013; 139:120-127. [PMID: 23648761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a two-stage system converting organic solid waste (food waste+sewage sludge) to H2 and CH4 was operated. In the first stage of dark fermentative hydrogen production (DFHP), a recently proposed method that does not require external inoculum, was applied. In the second stage, anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBr) were followed to treat H2 fermenter effluent. (H2+CH4-ASBR) system showed better performance in terms of total biogas conversion (78.6%), while higher biogas production rate (2.03 L H2/Lsystem/d, 1.96 L CH4/Lsystem/d) was achieved in (H2+CH4-UASBr) system. To reduce the alkali addition requirement in DFHP process, CH4 fermenter effluent was tested as a diluting water. Both the ASBR and UASBr effluent was effective to keep the pH above 6 without CH4 production. In case of using ASBR effluent, H2 production dropped by 15%, but alkali addition requirement was reduced by 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Jung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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35
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Chen C, Yee LK, Gong H, Zhang Y, Xu R. A facile synthesis of strong near infrared fluorescent layered double hydroxide nanovehicles with an anticancer drug for tumor optical imaging and therapy. Nanoscale 2013; 5:4314-4320. [PMID: 23558400 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new multifunctional nanovehicle for tumor optical imaging and therapy was developed using Y2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles as near infrared fluorescent nanophosphors, and MgAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets as anticancer drug nanovehicles. Monodispersed Y2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+) nanophosphors were readily synthesized by the urea assisted homogenous precipitation method. Hierarchically structured LDH nanosheets intercalated with an anticancer drug, fluorouracil (5FU), were deposited on the surface of Y2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+)@SiO2 by a simple precipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The resultant Y2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+)@SiO2@LDH-5FU nanovehicles exhibit strong red upconversion fluorescence under the excitation of a 980 nm laser, which allows tracking of the nanovehicles after localization in cancer cells. A better anticancer efficiency was obtained over the nanovehicles than the free drug which can be attributed to their positively charged surfaces for favorable interaction with the negatively charged cell membranes. The multifunctional nanovehicles designed in this work are expected to be promising material candidates for simultaneous tumor optical imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62, Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
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36
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Clark WM, Medeiros NJ, Boyd DJ, Snell JR. Biodiesel transesterification kinetics monitored by pH measurement. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:771-774. [PMID: 23570721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of a pH change that was observed over the course of the transesterification reaction that converts vegetable oil to biodiesel may provide a simple method to monitor the reaction. Transesterification of canola oil at 6:1 methanol to oil ratio with 0.5 wt.% KOH as catalyst was studied at 25, 35, and 45 °C. Reaction conversion was correlated to pH measurements and the results were shown to be in agreement with an independent measure of conversion using an enzymatic assay for glycerol. Rate constants obtained from these measurements are consistent with those in the literature. The measured pH change appears to be related to dilution of OH(-) ions as the oil is converted to products rather than to depletion of OH(-) due to reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Clark
- Chemical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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37
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Zhu HJ, Liu JH, Sun LF, Hu ZF, Qiao JJ. Combined alkali and acid pretreatment of spent mushroom substrate for reducing sugar and biofertilizer production. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:257-66. [PMID: 23567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) was pretreated with alkaline reagents including potassium hydroxide, lime and ammonia to enhance enzymatic saccharification. Under the best pretreatment conditions (1M KOH, 80 °C, 90 min; 1M lime, 80 °C, 120 min; 10 M ammonia, 70 °C, 120 min), the total reducing sugar (TRS) yield reached 258.6, 204.2 and 251.2 mg/g raw SMS, which were respectively 6.15, 4.86, and 5.98 times of untreated SMS. The effects of pretreatment by above alkaline reagents and sulfuric acid on the composition and structure of SMS were evaluated to provide comparative performance data. A new process, combined alkali and acid (CAA) pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, was innovatively proposed to improve the cost-effectiveness and avoid environmental problems. The SMS residue after CAA pretreatment-enzymatic hydrolysis process was converted to biofertilizer with Pichia farinose FL7 and a cell density of 3.0×10(8) cfu/g in biomass was attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ji Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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38
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Naseeruddin S, Srilekha Yadav K, Sateesh L, Manikyam A, Desai S, Venkateswar Rao L. Selection of the best chemical pretreatment for lignocellulosic substrate Prosopis juliflora. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:542-549. [PMID: 23567729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment is a pre-requisite step in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass required to remove lignin and increase the porosity of the substrate for saccharification. In the present study, chemical pretreatment of Prosopis juliflora was performed using alkali (NaOH, KOH, and NH3), reducing agents (Na2S2O4, Na2SO3) and NaClO2 in different concentration ranges at room temperature (30±2 °C) to remove maximum lignin with minimum sugar loss. Further, biphasic acid hydrolysis of the various pretreated substrates was performed at mild temperatures. Considering the amount of holocellulose hydrolyzed and inhibitors released during hydrolysis, best chemical pretreatment was selected. Among all the chemicals investigated, pretreatment with sodium dithionite at concentration of 2% (w/v) removed maximum lignin (80.46±1.35%) with a minimum sugar loss (2.56±0.021%). Subsequent biphasic acid hydrolysis of the sodium dithionite pretreated substrate hydrolyzed 40.09±1.22% of holocellulose and released minimum amount of phenolics (1.04±0.022 g/L) and furans (0.41±0.012 g/L) in the hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Naseeruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, AP, India
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39
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Dong T, Wang J, Miao C, Zheng Y, Chen S. Two-step in situ biodiesel production from microalgae with high free fatty acid content. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:8-15. [PMID: 23548399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from microalgae biomass is generally low via traditional extraction-conversion route due to the deficient solvent extraction. In this study a two-step in situ process was investigated to obtain a high FAME yield from microalgae biomass that had high free fatty acids (FFA) content. This was accomplished with a pre-esterification process using heterogeneous catalyst to reduce FFA content prior to the base-catalyzed transesterification. The two-step in situ process resulted in a total FAME recovery up to 94.87±0.86%, which was much higher than that obtained by a one-step acid or base catalytic in situ process. The heterogeneous catalyst, Amberlyst-15, could be used for 8 cycles without significant loss in activity. This process have the potential to reduce the production cost of microalgae-derived FAME and be more environmental compatible due to the higher FAME yield with reduced catalyst consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
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40
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Hundt M, Schnitzlein K, Schnitzlein MG. Alkaline polyol pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood: effect of pulping severity and pulp properties on cellulase activity and overall sugar yield. Bioresour Technol 2013; 134:307-315. [PMID: 23500589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The saccharification of softwood using alkaline polyol pulping (AlkaPolP) and enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. It will be demonstrated that the AlkaPolP process yields high quality pulps which can easily be hydrolyzed by cellulases. Temperature (180-230°C) and duration (15-60 min) of the alkaline glycerol pulping, expressed as pulping severity R0, were varied to find optimum reaction conditions. The obtained pulps were characterized regarding their residual lignin content, kappa number and crystallinity index. Thus, the dependencies of the conversion during enzymatic hydrolysis on severity, pulp composition and pulp characteristics could be observed. In further experiments it was investigated how the enzymatic hydrolysis is affected by pulp drying or by a reduction of enzyme loading. Up to 83% of the initial cellulose in wood and almost 97% of the cellulose in pulp were converted into glucose using cellulases from Trichoderma reesei and β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hundt
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Department of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Burger Chaussee 2, 03044 Cottbus, Germany.
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41
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Tang YN, Wu PX, Zhu NW. [Role of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the protection of herring testis DNA from heavy metals]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2012; 33:3598-3605. [PMID: 23233994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the protection of herring testis DNA from heavy metals Cd2+ and Pb2+ was studied by X-ray diffraction ( XRD) spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Cyclic Voltammetry and Ultraviolet Spectrometry. Size expansion of the basal spacing (003) from 0. 76 nm in LDH to 2. 30 nm was observed in the resulting DNA-LDH nanohybrids and it gave peaks corresponding to C=O (1 534 cm(-1) and 1488 cm(-1)) in skeleton and bases, C-O stretching vibration (1228 cm(-1)), and P-O symmetrical stretching vibration (1096 cm(-1)) in functional groups of DNA, indicating that DNA were intercalated into the LDH by the ion exchange. However, the displacement of NO3(-) was not fully complete (partial intercalation of DNA). The DNA outside LDH interlayers was absorbed on the surface of LDH. The cyclic voltammetric curves showed that DNA in the composites exhibited a very similar peaks, which corresponded to the two reduction current peaks (E(P) = - 1.2 mV and E(P) = -2.4 mV) of free DNA. Also there was no cathode sag emerging in cyclic voltammetric curves, suggesting that both Cd2+ and Pb2+ cannot insert into the groove of DNA to associate with base pairs or other groups when DNA was bound on LDH. The results showed that, on the one hand, both Cd2+ and Pb2+ were absorbed on the external surface of LDH for immobilization, on the other hand, the layer of LDH provided ideal space for DNA by the action of protecting DNA molecules from Cd2+ and Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ni Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Samanta AK, Jayapal N, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M, Suresh KP, Sampath KT. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from alkali solubilized xylan of natural grass (Sehima nervosum). Bioresour Technol 2012; 112:199-205. [PMID: 22414575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a process for producing XOS from Sehima nervosum grass was developed. The grass contains 28.1% hemicellulose. NaOH and steam application yielded 98% of original xylan in contrast to 85% by KOH application. Hydrolysis of xylan with commercial xylanase caused breakdown into XOS comprising of xylobiose, xylotriose along with xylose. Response surface model (RSM) revealed highest xylobiose yield (11 g/100g xylan) at pH 5.03, temperature 45.19°C, reaction time 10.11h with enzyme dose 17.41 U. Similarly for maximizing xylotriose yield, ideal hydrolysis conditions were pH 5.11, temperature 40.33°C, reaction time 16.55 h with enzyme dose 13.20 U. A two step process encompassing xylan fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis enabled XOS production from the S. nervosum grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Samanta
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India.
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Fernandez ME, Nunell GV, Bonelli PR, Cukierman AL. Batch and dynamic biosorption of basic dyes from binary solutions by alkaline-treated cypress cone chips. Bioresour Technol 2012; 106:55-62. [PMID: 22197337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple alkaline pre-treatment of Cupressus sempervirens cone chips was performed to improve their biosorption capacity towards methylene blue and rhodamine B from aqueous solutions, in batch and continuous modes. Biosorption kinetics were determined from single and binary dyes solutions, and properly described by the pseudo-second-order rate model. Experimental single-dye equilibrium isotherms fitted the Langmuir-Freundlich model, with maximum biosorption capacities of 0.68mmol/g for methylene blue and 0.50mmol/g for rhodamine B. Single-dye dynamic biosorption showed that breakthrough time for methylene blue biosorption was almost four times longer than for rhodamine B and that the alkaline modification of the chips greatly improved the biosorption performance. Competitive dynamic biosorption demonstrated the preference of the modified cone chips for biosorbing methylene blue, confirmed by the exit concentration overshoots obtained in the breakthrough curves of rhodamine B.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fernandez
- Programa de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fuentes Alternativas de Materias Primas y Energía, Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2620, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428BGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bahcegul E, Toraman HE, Ozkan N, Bakir U. Evaluation of alkaline pretreatment temperature on a multi-product basis for the co-production of glucose and hemicellulose based films from lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 2012; 103:440-445. [PMID: 22050836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cotton stalks were subjected to alkaline pretreatment for the co-production of glucose and hemicellulose based films with a multi-product approach. Three pretreatment temperatures (25, 60 and 90 °C) were evaluated for their effects both on the glucose yield and on the properties of hemicellulose based films. Compared to untreated cotton stalks, the glucose yields were enhanced 3.9, 4.1 and 4.2 times for pretreatments conducted at 25, 60 and 90 °C, respectively. The pretreatment temperature of 90 °C was detrimental in terms of film formation. Tensile energy to break values of the films obtained after pretreatments conducted at 25, 60 and 90 °C were 1.1, 0.8, and 0.4 MJ/m3, respectively. The hemicellulosic part of the process, which considers the production of hemicellulose based films, should govern the pretreatment temperature since it was more responsive to the changes in the pretreatment temperature compared to the cellulosic part that accounts for glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinc Bahcegul
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Kumar R, Kumar GR, Chandrashekar N. Microwave assisted alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata seed oil for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6617-6620. [PMID: 21482464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microwave assisted transesterification of Pongamia pinnata seed oil was carried out for the production of biodiesel. The experiments were carried out using methanol and two alkali catalysts i.e., sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The experiments were carried out at 6:1 alcohol/oil molar ratio and 60°C reaction temperature. The effect of catalyst concentration and reaction time on the yield and quality of biodiesel was studied. The result of the study suggested that 0.5% sodium hydroxide and 1.0% potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration were optimum for biodiesel production from P. pinnata oil under microwave heating. There was a significant reduction in reaction time for microwave induced transesterification as compared to conventional heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Kumar
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 18th Cross Malleswaram, Bangalore 560003, India.
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Karki B, Maurer D, Jung S. Efficiency of pretreatments for optimal enzymatic saccharification of soybean fiber. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6522-8. [PMID: 21470853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of several pretreatments [high-power ultrasound, sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH(3)OH)] to enhance glucose production from insoluble fractions recovered from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing of extruded full-fat soybean flakes (FFSF) was investigated. Sonication of the insoluble fraction at 144 μm(pp (peak-to-peak)) for 30 and 60s did not improve the saccharification yield. The solid fractions recovered after pretreatment with H(2)SO(4) [1% (w/w), 90°C, 1.5h], NaOH [15% (w/w), 65°C, 17 h], and NH(3)OH [15% (w/w), 65°C, 17 h] showed significant lignin degradation, i.e., 81.9%, 71.2%, and 75.4%, respectively, when compared to the control (7.4%). NH(3)OH pretreatment resulted in the highest saccharification yield (63%) after 48 h of enzymatic saccharification. A treatment combining the extraction and saccharification steps and applied directly to the extruded FFSF, where oil extraction yield and saccharification yield reached 98% and 43%, respectively, was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Karki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1061, USA
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Wynnyckyj C, Wise-Milestone L, Omelon S, Wang Z, Grynpas M. Fracture surface analysis to understand the failure mechanisms of collagen degraded bone. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:359-68. [PMID: 21057831 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fracture surface analysis is a powerful technique to investigate bone failure mechanisms. Previously, emu tibiae were endocortically treated with 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for 14 days. This treatment caused in situ collagen degradation rather than removal, with no differences in geometrical parameters, but with significant changes in mechanical properties. KOH-treated tibiae showed significant decreases in failure stress and increased failure strain and toughness. The fracture surfaces of untreated and 14-day KOH-treated failed specimens were examined to further identify differences in the failure process to explain the previously observed increase in toughness. Areas of 'tension,' 'compression,' and 'transition' were identified using digital images of the fracture surfaces. Within these areas, the degree of 'roughness' and 'smoothness' was identified and estimated, using an optical profiler and SEM images. The fracture surfaces of 14-day KOH-treated bones showed a significantly higher 'roughness' compared to untreated bones. Furthermore, additional toughening mechanisms, which are important features for dissipating energy during the failure process, were observed in KOH-treated samples, but were absent in untreated samples. These results indicate that the significant increase in toughness of KOH treated bones is the result of structural alterations that enhance the ability of the microstructure to dissipate energy during the failure process, thereby slowing crack propagation. Fracture surface analysis has helped explain why KOH-treated bones have increased toughness compared to untreated bones, namely via toughening mechanisms on the compressive failure side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystia Wynnyckyj
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Room 840, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
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Vilanova C, Hueso A, Palanca C, Marco G, Pitarch M, Otero E, Crespo J, Szablowski J, Rivera S, Domínguez-Escribà L, Navarro E, Montagud A, de Córdoba PF, González A, Ariño J, Moya A, Urchueguía J, Porcar M. Aequorin-expressing yeast emits light under electric control. J Biotechnol 2011; 152:93-5. [PMID: 21291926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show the use of direct external electrical stimulation of a jellyfish luminescent calcium-activated protein, aequorin, expressed in a transgenic yeast strain. Yeast cultures were electrically stimulated through two electrodes coupled to a standard power generator. Even low (1.5 V) electric pulses triggered a rapid light peak and serial light pulses were obtained after electric pulses were applied periodically, suggesting that the system is re-enacted after a short refraction time. These results open up a new scenario, in the very interphase between synthetic biology and cybernetics, in which complex cellular behavior might be subjected to electrical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilanova
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Postal Code 22085, 46071 València, Spain
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Jennings EW, Schell DJ. Conditioning of dilute-acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate liquors by treatment with lime or ammonium hydroxide to improve conversion of sugars to ethanol. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:1240-5. [PMID: 20801647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dilute-acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass enhances the ability of enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose, but produces many toxic compounds that inhibit fermentation of sugars to ethanol. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treating hydrolysate liquor with Ca(OH)2 and NH4OH for improving ethanol yields. Corn stover was pretreated in a pilot-scale reactor and then the liquor fraction (hydrolysate) was extracted and treated with various amounts of Ca(OH)2 or NH4OH at several temperatures. Glucose and xylose in the treated liquor were fermented to ethanol using a glucose-xylose fermenting bacteria, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. Sugar losses up to 10% occurred during treatment with Ca(OH)2, but these losses were two to fourfold lower with NH4OH treatment. Ethanol yields for NH4OH-treated hydrolysate were 33% greater than those achieved in Ca(OH)2-treated hydrolysate and pH adjustment to either 6.0 or 8.5 with NH4OH prior to fermentation produced equivalent ethanol yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Jennings
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
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Hail N, Chen P, Wempe MF. The hydroxyl functional group of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide mediates cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in premalignant and malignant human epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:2001-9. [PMID: 20923701 PMCID: PMC3005946 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the anticancer synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) redox cycles at the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase to trigger anomalous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and attendant apoptosis in transformed human epithelial cells. Furthermore, we speculated that the hydroxyl functional group of 4HPR was required for this pro-oxidant property. In this study, we investigated the role of the hydroxyl functional group in the in vitro cytotoxicity of 4HPR. Using 4HPR, its primary in vivo metabolite N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4MPR), and the synthetic derivative N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)retinamide (4TPR), we examined the pro-oxidant and apoptotic effects, as well as the cellular uptake, of these three N-(4-substituted-phenyl)retinamides in premalignant and malignant human skin, prostate, and breast epithelial cells. Compared to 4HPR, both 4MPR and 4TPR were ineffective in promoting conspicuous cellular ROS production, mitochondrial disruption, or DNA fragmentation in these transformed cells. Interestingly, both 4MPR and 4TPR were not particularly cell permeative relative to 4HPR in skin or breast epithelial cells, which implied an additional role for the hydroxyl functional group in the cellular uptake of 4HPR. Moreover, the short-term uptake of 4HPR was directly proportional to cell size, but this characteristic, in obvious contrast to cellular bioenergetic status and/or dihydroorotate dehydrogenase expression, was not fundamentally influential in the overall sensitivity to the promotion of cellular ROS production and apoptosis induction by this agent. Together, these results strongly implicate the hydroxyl functional group in the cytotoxic effects of 4HPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numsen Hail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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