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Saikia K, Rathankumar AK, Vaithyanathan VK, Cabana H, Vaidyanathan VK. Preparation of highly diffusible porous cross-linked lipase B from Candida antarctica conjugates: Advances in mass transfer and application in transesterification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:583-592. [PMID: 33385453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work pronounces the three phase partitioning (TPP)-facilitated preparation of porous cross-linked Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) aggregates (pCLEAs) for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) esters synthesis. CLEAs and pCLEAs of CaLB were prepared with eupergit as the support under the optimized conditions of pH 8.0, eupergit/protein ratio of 3.0:1.0, 50 mM cross-linker concentration and 3.3 mg/mL BSA concentration in 4 h. The optimum starch concentration for pCLEAs was 0.20%, m/v. The maximum biocatalytic load was 650 U/g (CLEAs) and 721 U/g (pCLEAs), and the immobilized biocatalysts were stable over a pH range of 6.0-9.0 and temperature range of (40-60)°C. The BET surface area of CLEAs and pCLEAs were 21.3 and 29.1 m2/g, respectively, and the catalytic efficiency of pCLEAs was 2.2-fold higher than that of CLEAs. Subsequently, the pCLEAs of CaLB were utilized for the manufacturing of industrially significant HMF esters. Under the optimized transesterification conditions, HMF conversion with pCLEAs CaLB was 1.41- and 1.25-fold higher than with free and CLEAs CaLB, respectively. The pCLEAs were reused upto 8 consecutive transesterification cycles and the produced HMF esters reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 32.6 mN/m, proving its potential application as surface-active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India; Laboratoire de génie de l'environnement, Faculté de génie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Shahedi M, Habibi Z, Yousefi M, Brask J, Mohammadi M. Improvement of biodiesel production from palm oil by co-immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase and Candida antarctica lipase B: Optimization using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:490-502. [PMID: 33383081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and Thermomyces lanuginose lipase (TLL) were co-immobilized on epoxy functionalized silica gel via an isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction. The immobilization process was carried out in water (pH 7) at 25 °C, rapidly (3 h) resulting in high immobilization yields (100%) with a loading of 10 mg enzyme/g support. The immobilized preparations were used to produce biodiesel by transesterification of palm oil. In an optimization study, response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite rotatable design (CCRD) methods were used to study the effect of five independent factors including temperature, methanol to oil ratio, t-butanol concentration and CALB:TLL ratio on the yield of biodiesel production. The optimum combinations for the reaction were CALB:TLL ratio (2.1:1), t-butanol (45 wt%), temperature (47 °C), methanol: oil ratio (2.3). This resulted in a FAME yield of 94%, very close to the predicted value of 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Oil, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jesper Brask
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Li D, Shu Z, Ye X, Zhu J, Pan J, Wang W, Chang P, Cui C, Shen J, Fang W, Zhu X, Wang Y. Cell wall pectin methyl-esterification and organic acids of root tips involve in aluminum tolerance in Camellia sinensis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 119:265-274. [PMID: 28917145 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (O.) Kuntze) can survive from high levels of aluminum (Al) in strongly acidic soils. However, the mechanism driving its tolerance to Al, the predominant factor limiting plant growth in acid condition, is still not fully understood. Here, two-year-old rooted cuttings of C. sinensis cultivar 'Longjingchangye' were used for Al resistance experiments. We found that the tea plants grew better in the presence of 0.4 mM Al than those grew under lower concentration of Al treatments (0 and 0.1 mM) as well as higher levels treatment (2 and 4 mM), confirming that appropriate Al increased tea plant growth. Hematoxylin staining assay showed that the apical region was the main accumulator in tea plant root. Subsequently, immunolocalization of pectins in the root tip cell wall showed a rise in low-methyl-ester pectin levels and a reduction of high-methyl-ester pectin content with the increasing Al concentration of treatments. Furthermore, we observed the increased expressions of C. sinensis pectin methylesterase (CsPME) genes along with the increasing de-esterified pectin levels during response to Al treatments. Additionally, the levels of organic acids increased steadily after treatment with 0.1, 0.4 or 2 mM Al, while they dropped after treatment with 4 mM Al. The organic acids secretion from root followed a similar trend. Similarly, a gradual increase in malate dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS) and glycolate oxidase (GO) enzyme activities and relevant metabolic genes expression were detected after the treatment of 0.1, 0.4 or 2 mM Al, while a sharp decrease was resulted from treatment with 4 mM Al. These results confirm that both pectin methylesterases and organic acids contribute to Al tolerance in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zaifa Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junting Pan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pinpin Chang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chuanlei Cui
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Bandyopadhyay S, Li J, Traer E, Tyner JW, Zhou A, Oh ST, Cheng JX. Cholesterol esterification inhibition and imatinib treatment synergistically inhibit growth of BCR-ABL mutation-independent resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179558. [PMID: 28719608 PMCID: PMC5515395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) prognosis has improved greatly. However, ~30-40% of patients develop resistance to imatinib therapy. Although most resistance is caused by mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain, 50-85% of these patients develop resistance in the absence of new mutations. In these cases, targeting other pathways may be needed to regain clinical response. Using label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, we evaluated a number of leukemia cell lines and discovered an aberrant accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in CML, which was found to be a result of BCR-ABL kinase activity. CE accumulation in CML was found to be a cancer-specific phenomenon as untransformed cells did not accumulate CE. Blocking cholesterol esterification with avasimibe, a potent inhibitor of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1), significantly suppressed CML cell proliferation in Ba/F3 cells with the BCR-ABLT315I mutation and in K562 cells rendered imatinib resistant without mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain (K562R cells). Furthermore, the combination of avasimibe and imatinib caused a profound synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation in K562R cells, but not in Ba/F3T315I. This synergistic effect was confirmed in a K562R xenograft mouse model. Analysis of primary cells from a BCR-ABL mutation-independent imatinib resistant patient by mass cytometry suggested that the synergy may be due to downregulation of the MAPK pathway by avasimibe, which sensitized the CML cells to imatinib treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel strategy for overcoming BCR-ABL mutation-independent TKI resistance in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Acetamides
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Esterification/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides
- Sulfonic Acids/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovik Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Junjie Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Elie Traer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Amy Zhou
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. Oh
- Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Saga Y, Yamashita H. Effects of exogenous isoprenoid diphosphates on in vivo attachment to bacteriochlorophyllide c in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:408-413. [PMID: 28579086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic substitution of the esterifying chain in bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c in green photosynthetic bacteria grown by supplementation of exogenous alcohols has attracted attentions to study supramolecular structures and biogenesis of major antenna complexes chlorosomes in these bacteria as well as BChl pigment biosynthesis. Actual substrates in the enzymatic attachment of the esterifying moieties to the precursor of BChl c, namely bacteriochlorophyllide (BChlide) c, in these bacteria are believed to be diphosphate esters of alcoholic substrates, although only intact alcohols have so far been supplemented in the bacterial cultures. We report herein BChl c compositions in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum by supplementation with geranyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphates. The supplementation of these diphosphates hardly produced BChl c derivatives esterified with geraniol and geranylgeraniol in Cba. tepidum, whereas these BChl c derivatives were accumulated by supplementation of intact geraniol and geranylgeraniol. The sharp contrast of the incorporation efficiency of the supplemental isoprenoid moieties in BChl c using the isoprenoid diphosphates to that by the isoprenoid alcohols was mainly ascribable to less penetration abilities of the diphosphate substrates into Cba. tepidum cells because of their anionic and polar diphosphate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Lee J, Jung JM, Oh JI, Ok YS, Lee SR, Kwon EE. Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. Bioresour Technol 2017; 231:59-64. [PMID: 28196780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on investigating the optimized chemical composition of biochar used as porous material for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. To this end, six biochars from different sources were prepared and biodiesel yield obtained from pseudo-catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using six biochars were measured. Biodiesel yield and optimal reaction temperature for pseudo-catalytic transesterification were strongly dependent on the raw material of biochar. For example, biochar generated from maize residue exhibited the best performance, which yield was reached ∼90% at 300°C; however, the maximum biodiesel yield with pine cone biochar was 43% at 380°C. The maximum achievable yield of biodiesel was sensitive to the lignin content of biomass source of biochar but not sensitive to the cellulose and hemicellulose content. This study provides an insight for screening the most effective biochar as pseudo-catalytic porous material, thereby helping develop more sustainable and economically viable biodiesel synthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land & Housing Institute, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ryong Lee
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Kim B, Chang YK, Lee JW. Wet in situ transesterification of microalgae using ethyl acetate as a co-solvent and reactant. Bioresour Technol 2017; 230:8-14. [PMID: 28142105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses wet in situ transesterification of microalgae for the production of biodiesel by introducing ethyl acetate as both reactant and co-solvent. Ethyl acetate and acid catalyst are mixed with wet microalgae in one pot and the mixture is heated for simultaneous lipid extraction and transesterification. As a single reactant and co-solvent, ethyl acetate can provide higher FAEE yield and more saccharification of carbohydrates than the case of binary ethanol and chloroform as a reactant and a co-solvent. The optimal yield was 97.8wt% at 114°C and 4.06M catalyst with 6.67mlEtOAC/g dried algae based on experimental results and response surface methodology (RSM). This wet in situ transesterification of microalgae using ethyl acetate doesn't require an additional co-solvent and it also promises more economic benefit as combining extraction and transesterification in a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; ABC Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Thondam SK, Daousi C, Wilding JPH, Holst JJ, Ameen GI, Yang C, Whitmore C, Mora S, Cuthbertson DJ. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide promotes lipid deposition in subcutaneous adipocytes in obese type 2 diabetes patients: a maladaptive response. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E224-E233. [PMID: 28073779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) beyond its insulinotropic effects may regulate postprandial lipid metabolism. Whereas the insulinotropic action of GIP is known to be impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its adipogenic effect is unknown. We hypothesized that GIP is anabolic in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) promoting triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition through reesterification of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and this effect may differ according to obesity status or glucose tolerance. Twenty-three subjects categorized into four groups, normoglycemic lean (n = 6), normoglycemic obese (n = 6), obese with impaired glucose regulation (IGR; n = 6), and obese T2DM (n = 5), participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study involving a hyperglycemic clamp with a 240-min GIP infusion (2 pmol·kg-1·min-1) or normal saline. Insulin, NEFA, SAT-TAG content, and gene expression of key lipogenic enzymes were determined before and immediately after GIP/saline infusions. GIP lowered NEFA concentrations in the obese T2DM group despite diminished insulinotropic activity (mean NEFA AUC0-4 h ± SE, 41,992 ± 9,843 µmol·l-1·min-1 vs. 71,468 ± 13,605 with placebo, P = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.31-0.95). Additionally, GIP increased SAT-TAG in obese T2DM (1.78 ± 0.4 vs 0.86 ± 0.1-fold with placebo, P = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.1-1.8). Such effect with GIP was not observed in other three groups despite greater insulinotropic activity. Reduction in NEFA concentration with GIP correlated with adipose tissue insulin resistance for all subjects (Pearson, r = 0.56, P = 0.005). There were no significant gene expression changes in key SAT lipid metabolism enzymes. In conclusion, GIP appears to promote fat accretion and thus may exacerbate obesity and insulin resistance in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan K Thondam
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Daousi
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P H Wilding
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jens J Holst
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gulizar I Ameen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Chenjing Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Catherine Whitmore
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mora
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Yellapu SK, Kaur R, Tyagi RD. Detergent assisted ultrasonication aided in situ transesterification for biodiesel production from oleaginous yeast wet biomass. Bioresour Technol 2017; 224:365-372. [PMID: 27866805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ transesterification of oleaginous yeast wet biomass for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production using acid catalyst, methanol with or without N-Lauroyl sarcosine (N-LS) treatment was performed. The maximum FAMEs yield obtained with or without N-LS treatment in 24h reaction time was 96.1±1.9 and 71±1.4% w/w, respectively. The N-LS treatment of biomass followed by with or without ultrasonication revealed maximum FAMEs yield of 94.3±1.9% and 82.9±1.8% w/w using methanol to lipid molar ratio 360:1 and catalyst concentration 360mM (64μL H2SO4/g lipid) within 5 and 25min reaction time, respectively. The FAMEs composition obtained in in situ transesterification was similar to that obtained with conventional two step lipid extraction and transesterification process. Biodiesel fuel properties (density, kinematic viscosity, cetane number and total glycerol) were in accordance with international standard (ASTM D6751), which suggests the suitability of biodiesel as a fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Kumar Yellapu
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rajeshwar D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Andreani ES, Villa F, Cappitelli F, Krasowska A, Biniarz P, Łukaszewicz M, Secundo F. Coating polypropylene surfaces with protease weakens the adhesion and increases the dispersion of Candida albicans cells. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 39:423-428. [PMID: 27878654 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of the proteases, subtilisin and α-chymotrypsin (aCT), to inhibit the adhesion of Candida albicans biofilm to a polypropylene surface. RESULTS The proteases were immobilized on plasma-treated polypropylene by covalently linking them with either glutaraldehyde (GA) or N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The immobilization did not negatively affect the enzyme activity and in the case of subtilisin, the activity was up to 640% higher than that of the free enzyme when using N-acetyl phenylalanine ethyl ester as the substrate. The efficacies against biofilm dispersal for the GA-linked SubC and aCT coatings were 41 and 55% higher than the control (polypropylene coated with only GA), respectively, whereas no effect was observed with enzymes immobilized with DIC and NHS. The higher dispersion efficacy observed for the proteases immobilized with GA could be both steric (proper orientation of the active site) and dynamic (higher protein mobility/flexibility). CONCLUSIONS Proteases immobilized on a polypropylene surface reduced the adhesion of C. albicans biofilms and therefore may be useful in developing anti-biofilm surfaces based on non-toxic molecules and sustainable strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Spadoni Andreani
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Biniarz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joilot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Pan Y, Alam MA, Wang Z, Wu J, Zhang Y, Yuan Z. Enhanced esterification of oleic acid and methanol by deep eutectic solvent assisted Amberlyst heterogeneous catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2016; 220:543-548. [PMID: 27614157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In present study, esterification of oleic acid with methanol using deep eutectic solvent (DES) assisted Amberlyst heterogeneous catalyst was investigated to produce biodiesel. Results showed that esterification efficiency was enhanced by the DES. The combined effect of DES on Amberlyst BD20 (BD20) is better than Amberlyst 15 (A-15) due to different structure. The optimal reaction conditions were 12:1M ratio of methanol to oleic acid, 20%(wt/wt) catalyst (BD20-DES (2:8) and A-15-DES (8:2)) at 85°C for 100min with agitating at 200rpm. The mechanism involved in catalysis and their capacity to reuse were studied. We proposed, Choline chloride-glycerol (Chcl-gly) DES could enhance the Amberlyst function due to the hydrogen bond effect on both DES and water. BD20 has fewer pores than A-15, have desirable performance in decreasing the inhibition the water during esterification of high FFA content and provide better performance in reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jingcheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomass Energy, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Sharma AK, Sahoo PK, Singhal S, Joshi G. Exploration of upstream and downstream process for microwave assisted sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:793-800. [PMID: 27318156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the integrated approach for the sustainable production of biodiesel from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. The microalgae were cultivated in 10m(2) open raceway pond at semi-continuous mode with optimum volumetric and areal production of 28.105kg/L/y and 71.51t/h/y, respectively. Alum was used as flocculent for harvesting the microalgae and optimized at different pH. Lipid was extracted using chloroform: methanol (2:1) and having 12.39% of FFA. Effect of various reaction conditions such as effect of catalyst, methanol:lipid ratio, reaction temperature and time on biodiesel yields were studied under microwave irradiation; and 84.01% of biodiesel yield was obtained under optimized reaction conditions. A comparison was also made between the biodiesel productions under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FTIR and GC; however, fuel properties of biodiesel were also studied using specified test methods as per ASTM and EN standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Pradeepta Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Farm Machinery & Power, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Shailey Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Girdhar Joshi
- Research and Development Department, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
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13
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Kim KH, Lee OK, Kim CH, Seo JW, Oh BR, Lee EY. Lipase-catalyzed in-situ biosynthesis of glycerol-free biodiesel from heterotrophic microalgae, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101 biomass. Bioresour Technol 2016; 211:472-477. [PMID: 27035480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrophic microalgae, Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101 had a large amount of lipid (56.8% total lipids). The cells in the culture medium were easily ruptured due to thin cell wall of Aurantiochytrium sp., which facilitated in-situ fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production directly from biomass. The harvested biomass had a high content of free fatty acids (FFAs), which was advantageous for glycerol-free FAMEs production. FAMEs were directly produced from Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101 biomass (48.4% saponifiable lipids) using Novozyme 435-catalyzed in-situ esterification in dimethyl carbonate (DMC). DMC was used as a lipid extraction reagent, acyl acceptor and reaction medium. A 433.09mg FAMEs/g biomass was obtained with 89.5% conversion under the optimal condition: DMC to biomass ratio of 5:1 (v/w) and enzyme to biomass ratio of 30% (w/w) at 50°C for 12h. Glycerol could not be detected in the produced FAMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Hee Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Kim
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center and Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Seo
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center and Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbe-based Fusion Technology Research Center and Industrial Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Hidalgo P, Ciudad G, Navia R. Evaluation of different solvent mixtures in esterifiable lipids extraction from microalgae Botryococcus braunii for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2016; 201:360-4. [PMID: 26639615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-polar and polar solvents as well as their mixtures were tested for the extraction of microalgae lipids and thus, to evaluate their effect on total and esterifiable lipids extraction yields with potential to be converted to biodiesel. The obtained results show an increase in lipids and esterifiable lipids extraction yields when non-polar and polar solvent mixtures were used. The higher esterifiable lipids extraction yield was 19.2%wt (based on dry biomass) using a chloroform-methanol mixture (75%v/v of methanol), corresponding to a 98.9%wt esterifiable lipids extraction. In addition, esterifiable lipids extraction yield of 18.9%wt (based on dry biomass) was obtained when a petroleum ether-methanol mixture (75%v/v of methanol) was used, corresponding to a 96.9%wt esterifiable lipids extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Hidalgo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gustavo Ciudad
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Navia
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Centre for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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15
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Bencze LC, Bartha-Vári JH, Katona G, Toşa MI, Paizs C, Irimie FD. Nanobioconjugates of Candida antarctica lipase B and single-walled carbon nanotubes in biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2016; 200:853-60. [PMID: 26590760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTCOOH) were used as support for covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B (CaL-B) using linkers with different lengths. The obtained nanostructured biocatalysts with low diffusional limitation were tested in batch mode in the ethanolysis of the sunflower oil. SWCNTCOOH-CaL-B proved to be a highly efficient and stable biocatalyst in acetonitrile (83.4% conversion after 4h at 35°C, retaining >90% of original activity after 10 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- László Csaba Bencze
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Judith H Bartha-Vári
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Katona
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Ioana Toşa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin-Dan Irimie
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Group, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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16
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Huang R, Cheng J, Qiu Y, Li T, Zhou J, Cen K. Effects of cytoplasm and reactant polarities on acid-catalyzed lipid transesterification in wet microalgal cells subjected to microwave irradiation. Bioresour Technol 2016; 200:738-743. [PMID: 26562690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The polarities of the cytoplasm and reactants were measured through dielectric spectroscopy, contact angle test, NMR, and FTIR to investigate the mechanisms underlying acid-catalyzed lipid transesterification in wet microalgal cells subjected to microwave irradiation. Organics with apolar functional groups in the cytoplasm decreased the contact angle of methanol against triglyceride by 13.92°, which subsequently increased transesterification efficiency by 2.4 times. The microalgal biomass, given its higher hydrophilicity index of 1.96 than lipids, was more accessible to hydrophilic alcohols, which subsequently promoted transesterification. Water in the cytoplasm promoted the dielectric constant of methanol and increased the contact angle of methanol against triglyceride by 20.51°, which subsequently decreased transesterification efficiency by 72.6%. The inhibitory effect of water on transesterification weakened with the prolonged carbon lengths of the alcohols because of decreased polarity. Microwave decreased the electric constants of alcohols and reduced the polarity difference between alcohols and lipids, thereby improving transesterification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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17
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de Paiva EJM, Corazza ML, Sierakowski MR, Wärnå J, Murzin DY, Wypych F, Salmi T. Influence of two different alcohols in the esterification of fatty acids over layered zinc stearate/palmitate. Bioresour Technol 2015; 193:337-44. [PMID: 26143001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, esterification of fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and stearic acid) with a commercial zinc carboxylate (a layered compound formed by simultaneous intercalation of stearate and palmitate anions) was performed. Kinetic modeling using a quasi-homogeneous approach successfully fitted experimental data at different molar ratio of fatty acids/alcohols (1-butanol and 1-hexanol) and temperature. An apparent first-order reaction related to all reactants was found and activation energy of 66 kJ/mol was reported. The catalyst showed to be unique, as it can be easily recovered like a heterogeneous catalysts behaving like ionic liquids. In addition, this catalyst demonstrated a peculiar behavior, because higher reactivity was observed with the increase in the alcohols chain length compared to the authors' previous work using ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo José Mendes de Paiva
- CEPESQ - Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Marcos Lúcio Corazza
- CEPESQ - Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Sierakowski
- CEPESQ - Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Johan Wärnå
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Dmitry Yu Murzin
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Fernando Wypych
- CEPESQ - Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Tapio Salmi
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
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18
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Im H, Kim B, Lee JW. Concurrent production of biodiesel and chemicals through wet in situ transesterification of microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2015; 193:386-92. [PMID: 26143574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses an unprecedented way of co-producing biodiesel (FAEE) and valuable chemicals of ethyl levulinate (EL), ethyl formate (EF) and diethyl ether (DEE) from wet in situ transesterification of microalgae. EL, EF, and DEE were significantly produced up to 23.1%, 10.3%, and 52.1% of the maximum FAEE mass with the FAEE yield higher than 90% at 125 °C. Experiments to elucidate a detailed route of EL and EF synthesis were fulfilled and it was found that its main route to the production of EL and EF was the acid hydrolysis of algal cells and esterification with ethanol. To investigate the effect of reaction variables on the products yields, comprehensive experiments were carried out with varying temperatures, solvent and alcohol volumes, moisture contents and catalyst amounts. Coproduction of DEE, EL, EF and FAEE can contribute to elevating the economic feasibility of microalgae-based biodiesel supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hidalgo P, Ciudad G, Schober S, Mittelbach M, Navia R. Biodiesel synthesis by direct transesterification of microalga Botryococcus braunii with continuous methanol reflux. Bioresour Technol 2015; 181:32-39. [PMID: 25625464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct transesterification of Botryococcus braunii with continuous acyl acceptor reflux was evaluated. This method combines in one step lipid extraction and esterification/transesterification. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) synthesis by direct conversion of microalgal biomass was carried out using sulfuric acid as catalyst and methanol as acyl acceptor. In this system, once lipids are extracted, they are contacted with the catalyst and methanol reaching 82%wt of FAME yield. To optimize the reaction conditions, a factorial design using surface response methodology was applied. The effects of catalyst concentration and co-solvent concentration were studied. Hexane was used as co-solvent for increasing lipid extraction performance. The incorporation of hexane in the reaction provoked an increase in FAME yield from 82% (pure methanol) to 95% when a 47%v/v of hexane was incorporated in the reaction. However, the selectivity towards non-saponifiable lipids such as sterols was increased, negatively affecting biodiesel quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Hidalgo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Gustavo Ciudad
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Departament of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Sigurd Schober
- Institute of Chemistry, Working Group Chemistry and Technology of Renewable Resources, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Mittelbach
- Institute of Chemistry, Working Group Chemistry and Technology of Renewable Resources, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rodrigo Navia
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Departament of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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20
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Carvalho AKF, Rivaldi JD, Barbosa JC, de Castro HF. Biosynthesis, characterization and enzymatic transesterification of single cell oil of Mucor circinelloides--a sustainable pathway for biofuel production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 181:47-53. [PMID: 25625466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Mucor circinelloides URM 4182 was tested to determine its ability to produce single-cell oil suitable for obtaining biodiesel. Cell growth and lipid accumulation were investigated in a medium containing glucose as the main carbon source. A microwave-assisted ethanol extraction technique (microwave power ⩽200 W, 50-60 °C) was established and applied to lipid extraction from the fungal hyphae to obtain high lipid concentration (44%wt) of the dry biomass, which was considerably higher than the quantity obtained by classical solvent methods. The lipid profile showed a considerable amount of oleic acid (39.3%wt), palmitic acid (22.2%wt) and γ-linoleic acid (10.8%wt). Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of the single-cell oil with ethanol using a immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym® 435) as the catalyst. (1)H NMR and HPLC analyses confirmed conversion of 93% of the single-cell oil from M. circinelloides into ethyl esters (FAEE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K F Carvalho
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan D Rivaldi
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jayne C Barbosa
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heizir F de Castro
- Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Lee SSY, Li J, Tai JN, Ratliff TL, Park K, Cheng JX. Avasimibe encapsulated in human serum albumin blocks cholesterol esterification for selective cancer treatment. ACS Nano 2015; 9:2420-32. [PMID: 25662106 PMCID: PMC5909415 DOI: 10.1021/nn504025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Undesirable side effects remain a significant challenge in cancer chemotherapy. Here we report a strategy for cancer-selective chemotherapy by blocking acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1)-mediated cholesterol esterification. To efficiently block cholesterol esterification in cancer in vivo, we developed a systemically injectable nanoformulation of avasimibe (a potent ACAT-1 inhibitor), called avasimin. In cell lines of human prostate, pancreatic, lung, and colon cancer, avasimin significantly reduced cholesteryl ester storage in lipid droplets and elevated intracellular free cholesterol levels, which led to apoptosis and suppression of proliferation. In xenograft models of prostate cancer and colon cancer, intravenous administration of avasimin caused the concentration of avasimibe in tumors to be 4-fold higher than the IC50 value. Systemic treatment of avasimin notably suppressed tumor growth in mice and extended the length of survival time. No adverse effects of avasimin to normal cells and organs were observed. Together, this study provides an effective approach for selective cancer chemotherapy by targeting altered cholesterol metabolism of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Seung-Young Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jien Nee Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Timothy L. Ratliff
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Leroux C, Bouton S, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Fabrice TN, Mareck A, Guénin S, Fournet F, Ringli C, Pelloux J, Driouich A, Lerouge P, Lehner A, Mollet JC. PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 is involved in Arabidopsis pollen grain germination. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:367-80. [PMID: 25524442 PMCID: PMC4326738 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Germination of pollen grains is a crucial step in plant reproduction. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We investigated the role of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE48 (PME48), an enzyme implicated in the remodeling of pectins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen. A combination of functional genomics, gene expression, in vivo and in vitro pollen germination, immunolabeling, and biochemical analyses was used on wild-type and Atpme48 mutant plants. We showed that AtPME48 is specifically expressed in the male gametophyte and is the second most expressed PME in dry and imbibed pollen grains. Pollen grains from homozygous mutant lines displayed a significant delay in imbibition and germination in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, numerous pollen grains showed two tips emerging instead of one in the wild type. Immunolabeling and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the degree of methylesterification of the homogalacturonan was higher in pme48-/- pollen grains. In contrast, the PME activity was lower in pme48-/-, partly due to a reduction of PME48 activity revealed by zymogram. Interestingly, the wild-type phenotype was restored in pme48-/- with the optimum germination medium supplemented with 2.5 mm calcium chloride, suggesting that in the wild-type pollen, the weakly methylesterified homogalacturonan is a source of Ca(2+) necessary for pollen germination. Although pollen-specific PMEs are traditionally associated with pollen tube elongation, this study provides strong evidence that PME48 impacts the mechanical properties of the intine wall during maturation of the pollen grain, which, in turn, influences pollen grain germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leroux
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Sophie Bouton
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Tohnyui Ndinyanka Fabrice
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Alain Mareck
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Stéphanie Guénin
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Françoise Fournet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France (C.L., M.-C.K.-M., A.M., A.D., P.L., A.L., J.-C.M.);Unité Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (S.B., S.G., F.F., J.P.) and Centre de Ressources Régionales en Biologie Moléculaire (S.G.), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France; andInstitute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (T.N.F., C.R.)
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23
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Chee Loong T, Idris A. Rapid alkali catalyzed transesterification of microalgae lipids to biodiesel using simultaneous cooling and microwave heating and its optimization. Bioresour Technol 2014; 174:311-315. [PMID: 25443622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel with improved yield was produced from microalgae biomass under simultaneous cooling and microwave heating (SCMH). Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis sp. which were known to contain higher lipid species were used. The yield obtained using this novel technique was compared with the conventional heating (CH) and microwave heating (MWH) as the control method. The results revealed that the yields obtained using the novel SCMH were higher; Nannochloropsis sp. (83.33%) and Tetraselmis sp. (77.14%) than the control methods. Maximum yields were obtained using SCMH when the microwave was set at 50°C, 800W, 16h of reaction with simultaneous cooling at 15°C; and water content and lipid to methanol ratio in reaction mixture was kept to 0 and 1:12 respectively. GC analysis depicted that the biodiesel produced from this technique has lower carbon components (<19 C) and has both reasonable CN and IV reflecting good ignition and lubricating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teo Chee Loong
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, c/o Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ani Idris
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, c/o Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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24
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Fernández-Galilea M, Pérez-Matute P, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Sáinz N, López-Yoldi M, Houssier M, Martínez JA, Langin D, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. α-lipoic acid reduces fatty acid esterification and lipogenesis in adipocytes from overweight/obese subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2210-5. [PMID: 25045030 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) is a natural occurring antioxidant with beneficial effects on obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative effects of α-LA on triglyceride accumulation and lipogenesis in subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight/obese subjects and to determine the potential mechanisms involved. METHODS Fully differentiated human subcutaneous adipocytes were treated with α-LA (100 and 250 µM) during 24 h for studying triglyceride content, de novo lipogenesis, and levels of key lipogenic enzymes. The involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation was also evaluated. RESULTS α-LA down-regulated triglyceride content by inhibiting fatty acid esterification and de novo lipogenesis. These effects were mediated by reduction in fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 protein levels. Interestingly, α-LA increased AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, while the presence of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C reversed the inhibition observed on FAS protein levels. CONCLUSIONS α-LA down-regulates key lipogenic enzymes, inhibiting lipogenesis and reducing triglyceride accumulation through the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in human subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight/obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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25
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Patel A, Pravez M, Deeba F, Pruthi V, Singh RP, Pruthi PA. Boosting accumulation of neutral lipids in Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae HIMPA1 grown on hemp (Cannabis sativa Linn) seed aqueous extract as feedstock for biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2014; 165:214-22. [PMID: 24746767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemp seeds aqueous extract (HSAE) was used as cheap renewable feedstocks to grow novel oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae HIMPA1 isolated from Himalayan permafrost soil. The yeast showed boosted triglyceride (TAG) accumulation in the lipid droplets (LDs) which were transesterified to biodiesel. The sonicated HSAE prepared lacked toxic inhibitors and showed enhanced total lipid content and lipid yield 55.56%, 8.39±0.57g/l in comparison to 41.92%, 6.2±0.8g/l from industrially used glucose synthetic medium, respectively. Supersized LDs (5.95±1.02μm) accumulated maximum TAG in sonicated HSAE grown cells were visualized by fluorescent BODIPY (505/515nm) stain. GC-MS analysis revealed unique longer carbon chain FAME profile containing Arachidic acid (C20:0) 5%, Behenic acid (C22:0) 9.7%, Heptacosanoic acid (C27:0) 14.98%, for the first time in this yeast when grown on industrially competent sonicated HSAE, showing more similarity to algal oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Mohammad Pravez
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Farha Deeba
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rajesh P Singh
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Parul A Pruthi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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26
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Brault G, Shareck F, Hurtubise Y, Lépine F, Doucet N. Short-chain flavor ester synthesis in organic media by an E. coli whole-cell biocatalyst expressing a newly characterized heterologous lipase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91872. [PMID: 24670408 PMCID: PMC3966760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain aliphatic esters are small volatile molecules that produce fruity and pleasant aromas and flavors. Most of these esters are artificially produced or extracted from natural sources at high cost. It is, however, possible to 'naturally' produce these molecules using biocatalysts such as lipases and esterases. A gene coding for a newly uncovered lipase was isolated from a previous metagenomic study and cloned into E. coli BL21 (DE3) for overexpression using the pET16b plasmid. Using this recombinant strain as a whole-cell biocatalyst, short chain esters were efficiently synthesized by transesterification and esterification reactions in organic media. The recombinant lipase (LipIAF5-2) showed good affinity toward glyceryl trioctanoate and the highest conversion yields were obtained for the transesterification of glyceryl triacetate with methanol. Using a simple cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide pretreatment increased the synthetic activity by a six-fold factor and the whole-cell biocatalyst showed the highest activity at 40°C with a relatively high water content of 10% (w/w). The whole-cell biocatalyst showed excellent tolerance to alcohol and short-chain fatty acid denaturation. Substrate affinity was equally effective with all primary alcohols tested as acyl acceptors, with a slight preference for methanol. The best transesterification conversion of 50 mmol glyceryl triacetate into isoamyl acetate (banana fragrance) provided near 100% yield after 24 hours using 10% biocatalyst loading (w/w) in a fluidized bed reactor, allowing recycling of the biocatalyst up to five times. These results show promising potential for an industrial approach aimed at the biosynthesis of short-chain esters, namely for natural flavor and fragrance production in micro-aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - François Shareck
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Hurtubise
- Innu-Science Canada, Inc., Local 119, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - François Lépine
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
- PROTEO, the Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Québec, Canada
- GRASP, Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Protéines, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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27
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Witoon T, Bumrungsalee S, Vathavanichkul P, Palitsakun S, Saisriyoot M, Faungnawakij K. Biodiesel production from transesterification of palm oil with methanol over CaO supported on bimodal meso-macroporous silica catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2014; 156:329-334. [PMID: 24525218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxide-loaded porous materials have shown promise as catalysts in transesterification. However, the slow diffusion of bulky triglycerides through the pores limited the activity of calcium oxide (CaO). In this work, bimodal meso-macroporous silica was used as a support to enhance the accessibility of the CaO dispersed inside the pores. Unimodal porous silica having the identical mesopore diameter was employed for the purpose of comparison. Effects of CaO content and catalyst pellet size on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were investigated. The basic strength was found to increase with increasing the CaO content. The CaO-loaded bimodal porous silica catalyst with the pellet size of 325μm achieved a high %FAME of 94.15 in the first cycle, and retained an excellent %FAME of 88.87 after five consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thongthai Witoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology and Its Applications in Chemical Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; NANOTEC-KU-Center of Excellence on Nanoscale Materials Design for Green Nanotechnology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Sittisut Bumrungsalee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Peerawut Vathavanichkul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Supaphorn Palitsakun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Maythee Saisriyoot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kajornsak Faungnawakij
- Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis Laboratory, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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28
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Eze VC, Phan AN, Harvey AP. A more robust model of the biodiesel reaction, allowing identification of process conditions for significantly enhanced rate and water tolerance. Bioresour Technol 2014; 156:222-231. [PMID: 24508659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A more robust kinetic model of base-catalysed transesterification than the conventional reaction scheme has been developed. All the relevant reactions in the base-catalysed transesterification of rapeseed oil (RSO) to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were investigated experimentally, and validated numerically in a model implemented using MATLAB. It was found that including the saponification of RSO and FAME side reactions and hydroxide-methoxide equilibrium data explained various effects that are not captured by simpler conventional models. Both the experiment and modelling showed that the "biodiesel reaction" can reach the desired level of conversion (>95%) in less than 2min. Given the right set of conditions, the transesterification can reach over 95% conversion, before the saponification losses become significant. This means that the reaction must be performed in a reactor exhibiting good mixing and good control of residence time, and the reaction mixture must be quenched rapidly as it leaves the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine C Eze
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anh N Phan
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Adam P Harvey
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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29
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Martinez-Guerra E, Gude VG, Mondala A, Holmes W, Hernandez R. Extractive-transesterification of algal lipids under microwave irradiation with hexane as solvent. Bioresour Technol 2014; 156:240-247. [PMID: 24508902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of microwaves (MW) for enhanced extractive-transesterification of algal lipids from dry algal biomass (Chlorella sp.). Two different single-step extractive-transesterification methods under MW irradiation were evaluated: (1) with ethanol as solvent/reactant and sodium hydroxide catalyst; and (2) with ethanol as reactant and hexane as solvent (sodium hydroxide catalyst). Biodiesel (fatty-acid-ethyl-esters, FAEE) yields from these two methods were compared with the conventional Bligh and Dyer (BD) method which followed a two-step extraction-transesterification process. The maximum lipid yields for MW, MW with hexane and BD methods were 20.1%, 20.1%, and 13.9%, respectively; while the FAEE conversion of the algal lipids were 96.2%, 94.3%, and 78.1%, respectively. The algae-biomass:ethanol molar ratio of 1:250-500 and 2.0-2.5% catalyst with reaction times around 6min were determined as optimum conditions for both methods. This study confers that the single-step non-conventional methods can contribute to higher algal lipid and FAEE yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Martinez-Guerra
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Veera Gnaneswar Gude
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
| | - Andro Mondala
- Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - William Holmes
- Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
| | - Rafael Hernandez
- Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
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30
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Mandotra SK, Kumar P, Suseela MR, Ramteke PW. Fresh water green microalga Scenedesmus abundans: A potential feedstock for high quality biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2014; 156:42-47. [PMID: 24486936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Present investigation studied the potential of fresh water green microalga Scenedesmus abundans as a feedstock for biodiesel production. To study the biomass and lipid yield, the culture was grown in BBM, Modified CHU-13 and BG-11 medium. Among the tested nitrogen concentration using Modified CHU-13 medium, the highest biomass and lipid yield of 1.113±0.05g/L and 489±23mg/L respectively was found in the culture medium with 0.32g/L of nitrogen (KNO3). Different lipid extraction as well as transesterification methods were also tested. Fatty acid profile of alga grown in large scale indigenous made photobioreactor has shown abundance of fatty acids with carbon chain length of C16 and C18. Various biodiesel properties such as cetane number, iodine value and saponification value were found to be in accordance with Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP255) and European biodiesel standard EN14214 which makes S. abundans as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mandotra
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211 007, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India.
| | - M R Suseela
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India.
| | - P W Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211 007, India.
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Komolafe O, Velasquez Orta SB, Monje-Ramirez I, Yáñez Noguez I, Harvey AP, Orta Ledesma MT. Biodiesel production from indigenous microalgae grown in wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2014; 154:297-304. [PMID: 24412481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a process for producing biodiesel sustainably from microalgae grown in wastewater, whilst significantly reducing the wastewater's nutrients and total coliform. Furthermore, ozone-flotation harvesting of the resultant biomass was investigated, shown to be viable, and resulted in FAMEs of greater oxidation stability. Desmodesmus sp. and two mixed cultures were successfully grown on wastewater. Desmodesmus sp. grew rapidly, to a higher maximum biomass concentration of 0.58 g/L. A native mixed culture dominated by Oscillatoria and Arthrospira, reached 0.45 g/L and exhibited the highest lipid and FAME yield. The FAME obtained from ozone-flotation exhibited the greatest oxidative stability, as the degree of saturation was high. In principle ozone could therefore be used as a combined method of harvesting and reducing FAME unsaturation. During microalgae treatment, the total nitrogen in wastewater was reduced by 55.4-83.9%. More importantly, total coliform removal was as high as 99.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Komolafe
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Sharon B Velasquez Orta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Ignacio Monje-Ramirez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico
| | - Isaura Yáñez Noguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico
| | - Adam P Harvey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - María T Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico.
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Prabhavathi Devi BLA, Vijai Kumar Reddy T, Vijaya Lakshmi K, Prasad RBN. A green recyclable SO(3)H-carbon catalyst derived from glycerol for the production of biodiesel from FFA-containing karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil in a single step. Bioresour Technol 2014; 153:370-373. [PMID: 24373712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous esterification and transesterification method is employed for the preparation of biodiesel from 7.5% free fatty acid (FFA) containing karanja (Pongamia glabra) oil using water resistant and reusable carbon-based solid acid catalyst derived from glycerol in a single step. The optimum reaction parameters for obtaining biodiesel in >99% yield by simultaneous esterification and transesterification are: methanol (1:45 mole ratio of oil), catalyst 20wt.% of oil, temperature 160°C and reaction time of 4h. After the reaction, the catalyst was easily recovered by filtration and reused for five times with out any deactivation under optimized conditions. This single-step process could be a potential route for biodiesel production from high FFA containing oils by simplifying the procedure and reducing costs and effluent generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L A Prabhavathi Devi
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - T Vijai Kumar Reddy
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K Vijaya Lakshmi
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - R B N Prasad
- Centre for Lipid Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
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33
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Bharti RK, Srivastava S, Thakur IS. Production and characterization of biodiesel from carbon dioxide concentrating chemolithotrophic bacteria, Serratia sp. ISTD04. Bioresour Technol 2014; 153:189-197. [PMID: 24365740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A chemolithotrophic bacterium, Serratia sp. ISTD04, enriched in the chemostat in presence of sodium bicarbonate as sole carbon source was evaluated for potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and biofuel production. CO2 sequestration efficiency of the bacterium was determined by enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). Further, Western blot analysis confirmed presence of RuBisCO. The bacterium produced 0.487 and 0.647mgmg(-1) per unit cell dry weight of hydrocarbons and lipids respectively. The hydrocarbons were within the range of C13-C24 making it equivalent to light oil. GC-MS analysis of lipids produced by the bacterium indicated presence of C15-C20 organic compounds that made it potential source of biodiesel after transesterification. GC-MS, FTIR and NMR spectroscopic characterization of the fatty acid methyl esters revealed the presence of 55% and 45% of unsaturated and saturated organic compounds respectively, thus making it a balanced biodiesel composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randhir K Bharti
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Shaili Srivastava
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Takisawa K, Kanemoto K, Kartikawati M, Kitamura Y. Simultaneous hydrolysis-esterification of wet microalgal lipid using acid. Bioresour Technol 2013; 149:16-21. [PMID: 24080318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrated hydrolysis of wet microalgal lipid and esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) using acid in one-step process. The investigation of simultaneous hydrolysis-esterification (SHE) of wet microalgal lipid was conducted by using L27 orthogonal design and the effects of water content, volume of sulphuric acid, volume of methanol, temperature and time on SHE were examined. As a result, water content was found to be the most effective factor. The effects of various parameters on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content and equilibrium relation between FAME and FFA were also examined under water content 80%. Equimolar amounts of sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid showed similar results. This method has great potential in terms of biodiesel production from microalgae since no organic solvents are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takisawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Madhuvilakku R, Piraman S. Biodiesel synthesis by TiO2-ZnO mixed oxide nanocatalyst catalyzed palm oil transesterification process. Bioresour Technol 2013; 150:55-59. [PMID: 24148858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising alternating environmentally benign fuel to mineral diesel. For the development of easier transesterification process, stable and active heterogeneous mixed metal oxide of TiO2-ZnO and ZnO nanocatalysts were synthesized and exploited for the palm oil transesterification process. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and FE-SEM studies for their structural and morphological characteristics. It was found that TiO2-ZnO nanocatalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and the catalytic performance was greatly depends on (i) catalyst concentration (ii) methanol to oil molar ratio (iii) reaction temperature and (iv) reaction time. A highest 98% of conversion was obtained at the optimum reaction parameters with 200 mg of catalyst loading and the biodiesel was analyzed by TLC and (1)H NMR techniques. The TiO2-ZnO nanocatalyst shows good catalytic performance over the ZnO catalyst, which could be a potential candidate for the large-scale biodiesel production from palm oil at the reduced temperature and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Madhuvilakku
- Sustainable Energy and Smart Materials Research Lab, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 002, Tamilnadu, India
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36
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Yang L, Zhu Z, Wang W, Lu X. Microbial recycling of glycerol to biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 2013; 150:1-8. [PMID: 24140944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable supply of lipids is the bottleneck for current biodiesel production. Here microbial recycling of glycerol, byproduct of biodiesel production to biodiesel in engineered Escherichia coli strains was reported. The KC3 strain with capability of producing fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from glucose was used as a starting strain to optimize fermentation conditions when using glycerol as sole carbon source. The YL15 strain overexpressing double copies of atfA gene displayed 1.7-fold increase of FAEE productivity compared to the KC3 strain. The titer of FAEE in YL15 strain reached to 813 mg L(-1) in minimum medium using glycerol as sole carbon source under optimized fermentation conditions. The titer of glycerol-based FAEE production can be significantly increased by both genetic modifications and fermentation optimization. Microbial recycling of glycerol to biodiesel expands carbon sources for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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37
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Im H, Lee H, Park MS, Yang JW, Lee JW. Concurrent extraction and reaction for the production of biodiesel from wet microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2013; 152:534-537. [PMID: 24291292 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses a reliable in situ transesterification process which integrates lipid extraction from wet microalgae, and its conversion to biodiesel, with a yield higher than 90 wt.%. This process enables single-step production of biodiesel from microalgae by mixing wet microalgal cells with solvent, methanol, and acid catalyst; and then heating them in one pot. The effects of reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, wet cell weight, reaction time, and catalyst volume on the conversion yield are investigated. This simultaneous extraction and transesterification of wet microalgae may enable a significant reduction in energy consumption by eliminating the drying process of algal cells and realize the economic production of biodiesel using wet microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - HanSol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min S Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ji-Won Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Giusti A, Joaquim-Justo C. Esterification of vertebrate like steroids in molluscs: a target of endocrine disruptors? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:187-98. [PMID: 24004916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the reproductive organs of gastropod molluscs exposed to pollutants have been reported in natural populations for more than 40 years. In some cases, these impacts have been linked to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are known to induce adverse impacts on vertebrates, mainly by direct binding to steroid receptors or by altering hormone synthesis. Investigations on the mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors in molluscs show that EDCs induce modifications of endogenous titres of androgens (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione) and oestrogens (e.g., 17ß-oestradiol). Alterations of the activity of enzymes related to steroid metabolism (i.e., cytochrome P-450 aromatase, acyltransferases) are also often observed. In bivalves and gastropods, fatty acid esterification of steroids might constitute the major regulation of androgen and oestrogen homeostasis. The present review indicates that metabolism of steroid hormones to fatty acid esters might be a target of synthetic EDCs. Alterations of this process would impact the concentrations of free, potentially bioactive, form of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Giusti
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Centre of Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Liège University, 15 Allée du 6 août, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Takisawa K, Kanemoto K, Miyazaki T, Kitamura Y. Hydrolysis for direct esterification of lipids from wet microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2013; 144:38-43. [PMID: 23856586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of lipids from microalgae under high water content was investigated as a pretreatment of direct esterification. Results indicated that the hydrolysis process reduced the inhibition by water in FAME production; in addition, FAME obtained by esterification of hydrolysates was increased by 181.7% compared to FAME obtained by direct transesterification under the same amount of water content (80%). This method has great potential in terms of biodiesel production from microalgae since it uses no organic solvent, reduces the drying cost and lowers the operating cost compared to any other traditional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takisawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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40
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Tamari F, Chen FW, Li C, Chaudhari J, Ioannou YA. PKC activation in Niemann pick C1 cells restores subcellular cholesterol transport. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74169. [PMID: 23977398 PMCID: PMC3744505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has previously been shown to ameliorate the cholesterol transport defect in Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1) cells, presumably by increasing the soluble levels of one of its substrates, vimentin. This activity would then restore the vimentin cycle in these cells and allow vimentin-dependent retrograde transport to proceed. Here, we further investigate the effects of PKC activation in NPC1 cells by evaluating different isoforms for their ability to solubilize vimentin and correct the NPC1 cholesterol storage phenotype. We also examine the effects of PKC activators, including free fatty acids and the PKC-specific activator diazoxide, on the NPC1 disease phenotype. Our results indicate that PKC isoforms α, βII, and ε have the greatest effects on vimentin solubilization. Furthermore, expression or activation of PKCε in NPC1 cells dramatically reduces the amount of stored cholesterol and restores cholesterol transport out of endocytic vesicles. These results provide further support for the contribution of PKCs in NPC1 disease pathogenesis and suggest that PKCs may be targeted in future efforts to develop therapeutics for NPC1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Tamari
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Fannie W. Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jagrutiben Chaudhari
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yiannis A. Ioannou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Patil PD, Reddy H, Muppaneni T, Schaub T, Holguin FO, Cooke P, Lammers P, Nirmalakhandan N, Li Y, Lu X, Deng S. In situ ethyl ester production from wet algal biomass under microwave-mediated supercritical ethanol conditions. Bioresour Technol 2013; 139:308-315. [PMID: 23665692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An in situ transesterification approach was demonstrated for converting lipid-rich wet algae (Nannochloropsis salina) into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) under microwave-mediated supercritical ethanol conditions, while preserving the nutrients and other valuable components in the algae. This single-step process can simultaneously and effectively extract the lipids from wet algae and transesterify them into crude biodiesel. Experimental runs were designed to optimize the process parameters and to evaluate their effects on algal biodiesel yield. The algal biomass characterization and algal biodiesel analysis were carried out by using various analytical instruments such as FTIR, SEM-EDS, TLC, GC-MS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen and oxygen environments was also performed to examine the thermal and oxidative stability of ethyl esters produced from wet algae. This simple in situ transesterification process using a green solvent and catalyst-free approach can be a potentially efficient route for algal biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla D Patil
- Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Tran DT, Le BH, Lee DJ, Chen CL, Wang HY, Chang JS. Microalgae harvesting and subsequent biodiesel conversion. Bioresour Technol 2013; 140:179-186. [PMID: 23688670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 containing 22.7% lipid was harvested by coagulation (using chitosan and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as the coagulants) and centrifugation. The harvested ESP-31 was directly employed as the oil source for biodiesel production via transesterification catalyzed by immobilized Burkholderia lipase and by a synthesized solid catalyst (SrO/SiO2). Both enzymatic and chemical transesterification were significantly inhibited in the presence of PACl, while the immobilized lipase worked well with wet chitosan-coagulated ESP-31, giving a high biodiesel conversion of 97.6% w/w oil, which is at a level comparable to that of biodiesel conversion from centrifugation-harvested microalgae (97.1% w/w oil). The immobilized lipase can be repeatedly used for three cycles without significant loss of its activity. The solid catalyst SrO/SiO2 worked well with water-removed centrifuged ESP-31 with a biodiesel conversion of 80% w/w oil, but the conversion became lower (55.7-61.4% w/w oil) when using water-removed chitosan-coagulated ESP-31 as the oil source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Guo F, Fang Z, Tian XF, Long YD, Jiang LQ. "One-step production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil with high-acid value in ionic liquids" [Bioresour. Technol. 102 (11) (2011)]. Bioresour Technol 2013; 140:447-450. [PMID: 23908993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of un-pretreated Jatropha oil with high-acid value (13.8 mg KOH/g) to biodiesel was studied in ionic liquids (ILs) with metal chlorides. Several commercial ILs were used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid. It was found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate {[BMIm][TS]} had high catalytic activity with 93% esterification rate for oleic acid at 140 °C but only 63.7% Jatropha biodiesel yield at 200 °C. When ZnCl2 was added to [BMIm][TS], a maximum Jatropha biodiesel yield of 92.5% was achieved at 180 °C. Addition of metal ions supplied Lewis acidic sites in ILs promoted both esterification and transestrification reactions. It was also found that the transition metal ions performed higher catalytic activity in transestrification than the ions of Group A. Mixture of [BMIm][TS] and ZnCl2 was easily separated from products for reuse to avoid producing pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Biomass Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, 88 Xuefulu, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650223, China
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Pang N, Gu SS, Wang J, Cui HS, Wang FQ, Liu X, Zhao XY, Wu FA. A novel chemoenzymatic synthesis of propyl caffeate using lipase-catalyzed transesterification in ionic liquid. Bioresour Technol 2013; 139:337-342. [PMID: 23665696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Propyl caffeate has the highest antioxidant capacity in the caffeate alkyl esters family, but industrial production of propyl caffeate is hindered by low yields using either the chemical or enzymatic catalysis method. To set up a high-yield process for obtaining propyl caffeate, a novel chemoenzymatic synthesis method using lipase-catalyzed transesterification of an intermediate methyl caffeate or ethyl caffeate and 1-propanol in ionic liquid was established. The maximum propyl caffeate yield of 98.5% was obtained using lipase-catalyzed transesterification under the following optimal conditions: Novozym 435 as a biocatalyst, [Bmim][CF3SO3] as a medium, a molar ratio of methyl caffeate to 1-propanol of 1:5, a mass ratio of methyl caffeate to lipase of 1:20, and a reaction temperature of 60°C. The two-step conversion of caffeic acid to propyl caffeate via methyl caffeate is an efficient way to prepare propyl caffeate with an overall yield of 82.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pang
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, PR China
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Tran DT, Chen CL, Chang JS. Effect of solvents and oil content on direct transesterification of wet oil-bearing microalgal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 for biodiesel synthesis using immobilized lipase as the biocatalyst. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:213-221. [PMID: 23131310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a one-step extraction/transesterification process was developed to directly convert wet oil-bearing microalgal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 into biodiesel using immobilized Burkholderia lipase as the catalyst. The microalgal biomass (water content of 86-91%; oil content 14-63%) was pre-treated by sonication to disrupt the cell walls and then directly mixed with methanol and solvent to carry out the enzymatic transesterification. Addition of a sufficient amount of solvent (hexane is most preferable) is required for the direct transesterification of wet microalgal biomass, as a hexane-to-methanol mass ratio of 1.65 was found optimal for the biodiesel conversion. The amount of methanol and hexane required for the direct transesterification process was also found to correlate with the lipid content of the microalga. The biodiesel synthesis process was more efficient and economic when the lipid content of the microalgal biomass was higher. Therefore, using high-lipid-content microalgae as feedstock appears to be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Adachi D, Hama S, Nakashima K, Bogaki T, Ogino C, Kondo A. Production of biodiesel from plant oil hydrolysates using an Aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst highly expressing Candida antarctica lipase B. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:410-416. [PMID: 22850174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For enzymatic biodiesel production from plant oil hydrolysates, an Aspergillus oryzae whole-cell biocatalyst that expresses Candida antarctica lipase B (r-CALB) with high esterification activity was developed. Each of soybean and palm oils was hydrolyzed using Candida rugosa lipase, and the resultant hydrolysates were subjected to esterification where immobilized r-CALB was used as a catalyst. In esterification, r-CALB afforded a methyl ester content of more than 90% after 6 h with the addition of 1.5 M equivalents of methanol. Favorably, stepwise additions of methanol and a little water were unnecessary for maintaining the lipase stability of r-CALB during esterification. During long-term esterification in a rotator, r-CALB can be recycled for 20 cycles without a significant loss of lipase activity, resulting in a methyl ester content of more than 90% even after the 20th batch. Therefore, the presented reaction system using r-CALB shows promise for biodiesel production from plant oil hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Adachi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Kurayama F, Yoshikawa T, Furusawa T, Bahadur NM, Handa H, Sato M, Suzuki N. Microcapsule with a heterogeneous catalyst for the methanolysis of rapeseed oil. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:652-658. [PMID: 23265817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study has demonstrated that microcapsules can be used as a microreactor for the transesterification of rapeseed oil with calcium oxide (CaO) base catalyst. CaO-loaded microcapsules were prepared by coextrusion technique, and the transesterification reaction was carried out by adding methanol into the prepared microcapsules and oil in a batch-type reactor. Results showed that the microcapsules system could promote the transesterification and hinder the dissolution of the catalyst, in contrast to a biodiesel production with CaO particles. The optimal conditions for methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst content in the microcapsules and reaction temperature were found to be 8:1, 20 wt.%, and 65 °C, respectively. The results of reusability tests showed that CaO-loaded microcapsules could be successfully reused for three times without loss of the catalytic activity. It was concluded from these results that microcapsules have the potential to improve the performance of solid base catalyst for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kurayama
- Center for Optical Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan.
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Meng YL, Tian SJ, Li SF, Wang BY, Zhang MH. Transesterification of rapeseed oil for biodiesel production in trickle-bed reactors packed with heterogeneous Ca/Al composite oxide-based alkaline catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:730-734. [PMID: 23558183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A conventional trickle bed reactor and its modified type both packed with Ca/Al composite oxide-based alkaline catalysts were studied for biodiesel production by transesterification of rapeseed oil and methanol. The effects of the methanol usage and oil flow rate on the FAME yield were investigated under the normal pressure and methanol boiling state. The oil flow rate had a significant effect on the FAME yield for the both reactors. The modified trickle bed reactor kept over 94.5% FAME yield under 0.6 mL/min oil flow rate and 91 mL catalyst bed volume, showing a much higher conversion and operational stability than the conventional type. With the modified trickle bed reactor, both transesterification and methanol separation could be performed simultaneously, and glycerin and methyl esters were separated additionally by gravity separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lu Meng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Dong T, Wang J, Miao C, Zheng Y, Chen S. Two-step in situ biodiesel production from microalgae with high free fatty acid content. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:8-15. [PMID: 23548399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from microalgae biomass is generally low via traditional extraction-conversion route due to the deficient solvent extraction. In this study a two-step in situ process was investigated to obtain a high FAME yield from microalgae biomass that had high free fatty acids (FFA) content. This was accomplished with a pre-esterification process using heterogeneous catalyst to reduce FFA content prior to the base-catalyzed transesterification. The two-step in situ process resulted in a total FAME recovery up to 94.87±0.86%, which was much higher than that obtained by a one-step acid or base catalytic in situ process. The heterogeneous catalyst, Amberlyst-15, could be used for 8 cycles without significant loss in activity. This process have the potential to reduce the production cost of microalgae-derived FAME and be more environmental compatible due to the higher FAME yield with reduced catalyst consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
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Martins AB, Friedrich JLR, Cavalheiro JC, Garcia-Galan C, Barbosa O, Ayub MAZ, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Improved production of butyl butyrate with lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads. Bioresour Technol 2013; 134:417-22. [PMID: 23499180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two immobilized preparations from Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) were compared in the synthesis of butyl butyrate. The commercial Lipozyme TL-IM, and TLL immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads (MCI-TLL) were tested in the esterification reaction using n-hexane as solvent. The variables temperature (30-60°C), substrate molar ratio (1:1 to 5:1), added water (0-1%), and biocatalyst content (3-40%) were evaluated in terms of initial reaction rate for each biocatalyst. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that MCI-TLL had an immobilized enzymatic load twice as high as Lipozyme TL-IM, but with an activity 3-fold higher. MCI-TLL presented high initial reaction rates up to 1.0 M butyric acid, while Lipozyme TL-IM showed a decrease in its activity above 0.5 M. Moreover, MCI-TLL allowed a productivity of 14.5 mmol g(-1) h(-1), while Lipozyme TL-IM 3.2 mmol g(-1) h(-1), both by mass of biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa B Martins
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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