1
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Weng C, Faure AJ, Escobedo A, Lehner B. The energetic and allosteric landscape for KRAS inhibition. Nature 2024; 626:643-652. [PMID: 38109937 PMCID: PMC10866706 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of proteins have been validated genetically as therapeutic targets for human diseases1. However, very few have been successfully targeted, and many are considered 'undruggable'. This is particularly true for proteins that function via protein-protein interactions-direct inhibition of binding interfaces is difficult and requires the identification of allosteric sites. However, most proteins have no known allosteric sites, and a comprehensive allosteric map does not exist for any protein. Here we address this shortcoming by charting multiple global atlases of inhibitory allosteric communication in KRAS. We quantified the effects of more than 26,000 mutations on the folding of KRAS and its binding to six interaction partners. Genetic interactions in double mutants enabled us to perform biophysical measurements at scale, inferring more than 22,000 causal free energy changes. These energy landscapes quantify how mutations tune the binding specificity of a signalling protein and map the inhibitory allosteric sites for an important therapeutic target. Allosteric propagation is particularly effective across the central β-sheet of KRAS, and multiple surface pockets are genetically validated as allosterically active, including a distal pocket in the C-terminal lobe of the protein. Allosteric mutations typically inhibit binding to all tested effectors, but they can also change the binding specificity, revealing the regulatory, evolutionary and therapeutic potential to tune pathway activation. Using the approach described here, it should be possible to rapidly and comprehensively identify allosteric target sites in many proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchun Weng
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andre J Faure
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Escobedo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Lehner
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
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2
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Pidathala S, Liao S, Dai Y, Li X, Long C, Chang CL, Zhang Z, Lee CH. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter transport and drug inhibition in human VMAT2. Nature 2023; 623:1086-1092. [PMID: 37914936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin control important brain pathways, including movement, sleep, reward and mood1. Dysfunction of monoaminergic circuits has been implicated in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders2. Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) pack monoamines into vesicles for synaptic release and are essential to neurotransmission3-5. VMATs are also therapeutic drug targets for a number of different conditions6-9. Despite the importance of these transporters, the mechanisms of substrate transport and drug inhibition of VMATs have remained elusive. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 in complex with the antichorea drug tetrabenazine, the antihypertensive drug reserpine or the substrate serotonin. Remarkably, the two drugs use completely distinct inhibition mechanisms. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 in a lumen-facing conformation, locking the luminal gating lid in an occluded state to arrest the transport cycle. By contrast, reserpine binds in a cytoplasm-facing conformation, expanding the vestibule and blocking substrate access. Structural analyses of VMAT2 also reveal the conformational changes following transporter isomerization that drive substrate transport into the vesicle. These findings provide a structural framework for understanding the physiology and pharmacology of neurotransmitter packaging by synaptic vesicular transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabareesh Pidathala
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shuyun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Dai
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Changkun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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3
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Bienstein M, Minond D, Schwaneberg U, Davari MD, Yildiz D. In Silico and Experimental ADAM17 Kinetic Modeling as Basis for Future Screening System for Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031368. [PMID: 35163294 PMCID: PMC8835787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of modulators’ action on enzymes is crucial for optimizing and designing pharmaceutical substances. The acute inflammatory response, in particular, is regulated mainly by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17. ADAM17 processes several disease mediators such as TNFα and APP, releasing their soluble ectodomains (shedding). A malfunction of this process leads to a disturbed inflammatory response. Chemical protease inhibitors such as TAPI-1 were used in the past to inhibit ADAM17 proteolytic activity. However, due to ADAM17′s broad expression and activity profile, the development of active-site-directed ADAM17 inhibitor was discontinued. New ‘exosite’ (secondary substrate binding site) inhibitors with substrate selectivity raised the hope of a substrate-selective modulation as a promising approach for inflammatory disease therapy. This work aimed to develop a high-throughput screen for potential ADAM17 modulators as therapeutic drugs. By combining experimental and in silico methods (structural modeling and docking), we modeled the kinetics of ADAM17 inhibitor. The results explain ADAM17 inhibition mechanisms and give a methodology for studying selective inhibition towards the design of pharmaceutical substances with higher selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Bienstein
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (U.S.)
| | - Dmitriy Minond
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.B.); (U.S.)
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.D.); (D.Y.)
| | - Daniela Yildiz
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), University of Saarland, Kirrbergerstr., 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.D.); (D.Y.)
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4
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Tan Y, Zhou X, Gong Y, Gou K, Luo Y, Jia D, Dai L, Zhao Y, Sun Q. Biophysical and biochemical properties of PHGDH revealed by studies on PHGDH inhibitors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:27. [PMID: 34971423 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rate-limiting serine biogenesis enzyme PHGDH is overexpressed in cancers. Both serine withdrawal and genetic/pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH have demonstrated promising tumor-suppressing activities. However, the enzyme properties of PHGDH are not well understood and the discovery of PHGDH inhibitors is still in its infancy. Here, oridonin was identified from a natural product library as a new PHGDH inhibitor. The crystal structure of PHGDH in complex with oridonin revealed a new allosteric site. The binding of oridonin to this site reduced the activity of the enzyme by relocating R54, a residue involved in substrate binding. Mutagenesis studies showed that PHGDH activity was very sensitive to cysteine mutations, especially those in the substrate binding domain. Conjugation of oridonin and other reported covalent PHGDH inhibitors to these sites will therefore inhibit PHGDH. In addition to being inhibited enzymatically, PHGDH can also be inhibited by protein aggregation and proteasome-mediated degradation. Several tested PHGDH cancer mutants showed altered enzymatic activity, which can be explained by protein structure and stability. Overall, the above studies present new biophysical and biochemical insights into PHGDH and may facilitate the future design of PHGDH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of General Practice, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 17#, 3rd Section, Ren min South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lim JM, Lee R, Kim Y, Lee IY, Kim E, Choi EJ. MST1 mediates the N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in mouse cortical neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:15. [PMID: 34967918 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive activation of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been shown to cause abnormally high levels of Ca2+ influx, thereby leading to excitotoxic neuronal death. In this study, exposure of mouse primary cortical neurons to NMDA resulted in the cleavage and activation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase-1 (MST1), both of which were mediated by calpain 1. In vitro cleavage assay data indicated that calpain 1 cleaves out the autoinhibitory domain of MST1 to generate an active form of the kinase. Furthermore, calpain 1 mediated the cleavage and activation of wild-type MST1, but not of MST1 (G339A). Intriguingly, NMDA/calpain-induced MST1 activation promoted the nuclear translocation of the kinase and the phosphorylation of histone H2B in mouse cortical neurons, leading to excitotoxicity. Thus, we propose a previously unrecognized mechanism of MST1 activation associated with NMDA-induced excitotoxic neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Melissa Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Rumi Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yeonsil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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6
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Zapata-Carmona H, Barón L, Kong M, Morales P. Protein Kinase A (PRKA) Activity Is Regulated by the Proteasome at the Onset of Human Sperm Capacitation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123501. [PMID: 34944009 PMCID: PMC8700002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome increases its activity at the onset of sperm capacitation due to the action of the SACY/PRKACA pathway; this increase is required for capacitation to progress. PRKA activity also increases and remains high during capacitation. However, intracellular levels of cAMP decrease in this process. Our goal was to evaluate the role of the proteasome in regulating PRKA activity once capacitation has started. Viable human sperm were incubated in the presence and absence of epoxomicin or with 0.1% DMSO. The activity of PRKA; the phosphorylation pattern of PRKA substrates (pPRKAs); and the expression of PRKAR1, PRKAR2, and AKAP3 were evaluated by Western blot. The localization of pPRKAs, PRKAR1, PRKAR2, and AKAP3 was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Treatment with epoxomicin changed the localization and phosphorylation pattern and decreased the percentage of pPRKAs-positive sperm. PRKA activity significantly increased at 1 min of capacitation and remained high throughout the incubation. However, epoxomicin treatment significantly decreased PRKA activity after 30 min. In addition, PRKAR1 and AKAP3 were degraded by the proteasome but with a different temporal kinetic. Our results suggest that PRKAR1 is the target of PRKA regulation by the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Zapata-Carmona
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Lina Barón
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Milene Kong
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Patricio Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
- Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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7
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Boguszewska K, Szewczuk M, Karwowski BT. Effects of 5',8'-Cyclo-2'-Deoxypurines on the Base Excision Repair of Clustered DNA Lesions in Nuclear Extracts of the XPC Cell Line. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113254. [PMID: 34831476 PMCID: PMC8618216 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered DNA lesions (CDL) containing 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxypurines (cdPus) are an example of extensive abnormalities occurring in the DNA helix and may impede cellular repair processes. The changes in the efficiency of nuclear base excision repair (BER) were investigated using (a) two cell lines, one of the normal skin fibroblasts as a reference (BJ) and the second from Xeroderma pigmentosum patients’ skin (XPC), and (b) synthetic oligonucleotides with single- and double-stranded CDL (containing 5′,8-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosine (cdA) and the abasic (AP) site at various distances between lesions). The nuclear BER has been observed and the effect of both cdA isomers (5′R and 5′S) presence in the DNA was tested. CdPus affected the repair of the second lesion within the CDL. The BER system more efficiently processed damage in the vicinity of the ScdA isomer and changes located in the 3′-end direction for dsCDL and in the 5′-end direction for ssCDL. The presented study is the very first investigation of the repair processes of the CDL containing cdPu considering cells derived from a Xeroderma pigmentosum patient.
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8
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Bas Z. Inhibition effect of nicotinamide (vitamin B 3) and reduced glutathione (GSH) peptide on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity purified from sheep kidney. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:65-71. [PMID: 34419538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) plays a significant role in blood pressure regulation and inhibition of this enzyme is one of the significant drug targets for the treatment of hypertension. In this work, ACE was purified from sheep kidneys with the affinity chromatography method in one step. The purity and molecular weight of ACE were designated using the SDS-PAGE method and observed two bands at around 60 kDa and 70 kDa on the gel. The effects of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and reduced glutathione (GSH) peptide on purified ACE were researched. Nicotinamide and GSH peptide on purified ACE showed an inhibition effect. IC50 values for nicotinamide and GSH were calculated as 14.3 μM and 7.3 μM, respectively. Type of inhibition and Ki values for nicotinamide and GSH from the Lineweaver-Burk graph were determined. The type of inhibition for nicotinamide and GSH was determined as non-competitive inhibition. Ki value was calculated as 15.4 μM for nicotinamide and 6.7 μM for GSH. Also, GSH peptide showed higher inhibitory activity on ACE activity than nicotinamide. In this study, it was concluded that nicotinamide and GSH peptide compounds, which show an inhibition effect on ACE activity, may have both protective and therapeutic effects against hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Bas
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Van, Turkey.
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9
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Mahoney M, Damalanka VC, Tartell MA, Chung DH, Lourenço AL, Pwee D, Mayer Bridwell AE, Hoffmann M, Voss J, Karmakar P, Azouz NP, Klingler AM, Rothlauf PW, Thompson CE, Lee M, Klampfer L, Stallings CL, Rothenberg ME, Pöhlmann S, Whelan SPJ, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS, Janetka JW. A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108728118. [PMID: 34635581 PMCID: PMC8694051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108728118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host cell serine protease TMPRSS2 is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19 drug discovery. This protease activates the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of other coronaviruses and is essential for viral spread in the lung. Utilizing rational structure-based drug design (SBDD) coupled to substrate specificity screening of TMPRSS2, we have discovered covalent small-molecule ketobenzothiazole (kbt) TMPRSS2 inhibitors which are structurally distinct from and have significantly improved activity over the existing known inhibitors Camostat and Nafamostat. Lead compound MM3122 (4) has an IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 340 pM against recombinant full-length TMPRSS2 protein, an EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) of 430 pM in blocking host cell entry into Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells of a newly developed VSV-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus, and an EC50 of 74 nM in inhibiting cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus in Calu-3 cells. Further, MM3122 blocks Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cell entry with an EC50 of 870 pM. MM3122 has excellent metabolic stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics in mice, with a half-life of 8.6 h in plasma and 7.5 h in lung tissue, making it suitable for in vivo efficacy evaluation and a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, MO 63108
| | - Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael A Tartell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dong Hee Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - André Luiz Lourenço
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Dustin Pwee
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Anne E Mayer Bridwell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jorine Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Andrea M Klingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Cassandra E Thompson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Melody Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110;
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, MO 63108
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10
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Schlott AC, Knuepfer E, Green JL, Hobson P, Borg AJ, Morales-Sanfrutos J, Perrin AJ, Maclachlan C, Collinson LM, Snijders AP, Tate EW, Holder AA. Inhibition of protein N-myristoylation blocks Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development, egress and invasion. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001408. [PMID: 34695132 PMCID: PMC8544853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have combined chemical biology and genetic modification approaches to investigate the importance of protein myristoylation in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Parasite treatment during schizogony in the last 10 to 15 hours of the erythrocytic cycle with IMP-1002, an inhibitor of N-myristoyl transferase (NMT), led to a significant blockade in parasite egress from the infected erythrocyte. Two rhoptry proteins were mislocalized in the cell, suggesting that rhoptry function is disrupted. We identified 16 NMT substrates for which myristoylation was significantly reduced by NMT inhibitor (NMTi) treatment, and, of these, 6 proteins were substantially reduced in abundance. In a viability screen, we showed that for 4 of these proteins replacement of the N-terminal glycine with alanine to prevent myristoylation had a substantial effect on parasite fitness. In detailed studies of one NMT substrate, glideosome-associated protein 45 (GAP45), loss of myristoylation had no impact on protein location or glideosome assembly, in contrast to the disruption caused by GAP45 gene deletion, but GAP45 myristoylation was essential for erythrocyte invasion. Therefore, there are at least 3 mechanisms by which inhibition of NMT can disrupt parasite development and growth: early in parasite development, leading to the inhibition of schizogony and formation of “pseudoschizonts,” which has been described previously; at the end of schizogony, with disruption of rhoptry formation, merozoite development and egress from the infected erythrocyte; and at invasion, when impairment of motor complex function prevents invasion of new erythrocytes. These results underline the importance of P. falciparum NMT as a drug target because of the pleiotropic effect of its inhibition. Understanding the essential factors needed for malaria parasite development could help us find new therapeutic targets. This study reveals that N-myristoylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins essential for the parasites’ growth and their invasion of red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C. Schlott
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Knuepfer
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Judith L. Green
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hobson
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J. Borg
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abigail J. Perrin
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Maclachlan
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy M. Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P. Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EWT); (AAH)
| | - Anthony A. Holder
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EWT); (AAH)
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11
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Schwarz MGA, Antunes D, Brêda GC, Valente RH, Freire DMG. Revisiting Jatropha curcas Monomeric Esterase: A Dienelactone Hydrolase Compatible with the Electrostatic Catapult Model. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1486. [PMID: 34680119 PMCID: PMC8533429 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas contains seeds with a high oil content, suitable for biodiesel production. After oil extraction, the remaining mass can be a rich source of enzymes. However, data from the literature describing physicochemical characteristics for a monomeric esterase from the J. curcas seed did not fit the electrostatic catapult model for esterases/lipases. We decided to reevaluate this J. curcas esterase and extend its characterization to check this apparent discrepancy and gain insights into the enzyme's potential as a biocatalyst. After anion exchange chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we identified the enzyme as belonging to the dienelactone hydrolase family, characterized by a cysteine as the nucleophile in the catalytic triad. The enzyme displayed a basic optimum hydrolysis pH of 9.0 and an acidic pI range, in contrast to literature data, making it well in line with the electrostatic catapult model. Furthermore, the enzyme showed low hydrolysis activity in an organic solvent-containing medium (isopropanol, acetonitrile, and ethanol), which reverted when recovering in an aqueous reaction mixture. This enzyme can be a valuable tool for hydrolysis reactions of short-chain esters, useful for pharmaceutical intermediates synthesis, due to both its high hydrolytic rate in basic pH and its stability in an organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gustavo Araujo Schwarz
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Deborah Antunes
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Coelho Brêda
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941909, Brazil;
| | - Richard Hemmi Valente
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941909, Brazil;
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12
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Giovannucci TA, Salomons FA, Haraldsson M, Elfman LHM, Wickström M, Young P, Lundbäck T, Eirich J, Altun M, Jafari R, Gustavsson AL, Johnsen JI, Dantuma NP. Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by an NQO1-activatable compound. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:914. [PMID: 34615851 PMCID: PMC8494907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cells display an increased sensitivity towards drugs that reduce the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is the primary proteolytic system for destruction of aberrant proteins. Here, we report on the discovery of the bioactivatable compound CBK77, which causes an irreversible collapse of the UPS, accompanied by a general accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins and caspase-dependent cell death. CBK77 caused accumulation of ubiquitin-dependent, but not ubiquitin-independent, reporter substrates of the UPS, suggesting a selective effect on ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. In a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen, we identified the redox enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as a critical mediator of CBK77 activity, and further demonstrated its role as the compound bioactivator. Through affinity-based proteomics, we found that CBK77 covalently interacts with ubiquitin. In vitro experiments showed that CBK77-treated ubiquitin conjugates were less susceptible to disassembly by deubiquitylating enzymes. In vivo efficacy of CBK77 was validated by reduced growth of NQO1-proficient human adenocarcinoma cells in nude mice treated with CBK77. This first-in-class NQO1-activatable UPS inhibitor suggests that it may be possible to exploit the intracellular environment in malignant cells for leveraging the impact of compounds that impair the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Giovannucci
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian A Salomons
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta H M Elfman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Young
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mechanistic & Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mikael Altun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rozbeh Jafari
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nico P Dantuma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Rao Y, Gammon ST, Sutton MN, Zacharias NM, Bhattacharya P, Piwnica-Worms D. Excess exogenous pyruvate inhibits lactate dehydrogenase activity in live cells in an MCT1-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100775. [PMID: 34022218 PMCID: PMC8233206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular pyruvate is an essential metabolite at the crossroads of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, capable of supporting fermentative glycolysis by reduction to lactate mediated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among other functions. Several inherited diseases of mitochondrial metabolism impact extracellular (plasma) pyruvate concentrations, and [1-13C]pyruvate infusion is used in isotope-labeled metabolic tracing studies, including hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. However, how these extracellular pyruvate sources impact intracellular metabolism is not clear. Herein, we examined the effects of excess exogenous pyruvate on intracellular LDH activity, extracellular acidification rates (ECARs) as a measure of lactate production, and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate conversion rates across a panel of tumor and normal cells. Combined LDH activity and LDHB/LDHA expression analysis intimated various heterotetrameric isoforms comprising LDHA and LDHB in tumor cells, not only canonical LDHA. Millimolar concentrations of exogenous pyruvate induced substrate inhibition of LDH activity in both enzymatic assays ex vivo and in live cells, abrogated glycolytic ECAR, and inhibited hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-to-[1-13C]lactate conversion rates in cellulo. Of importance, the extent of exogenous pyruvate-induced inhibition of LDH and glycolytic ECAR in live cells was highly dependent on pyruvate influx, functionally mediated by monocarboxylate transporter-1 localized to the plasma membrane. These data provided evidence that highly concentrated bolus injections of pyruvate in vivo may transiently inhibit LDH activity in a tissue type- and monocarboxylate transporter-1-dependent manner. Maintaining plasma pyruvate at submillimolar concentrations could potentially minimize transient metabolic perturbations, improve pyruvate therapy, and enhance quantification of metabolic studies, including hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and stable isotope tracer experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rao
- Department of Cancer System Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer System Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margie N Sutton
- Department of Cancer System Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer System Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer System Imaging, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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14
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White CJ, Ellis JM, Wolfgang MJ. The role of ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase in regulation of astrocyte lipid homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100830. [PMID: 34048714 PMCID: PMC8233209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipid composition has been shown to impact brain morphology, brain development, and neurologic function. However, how diet uniquely regulates brain lipid homeostasis compared with lipid homeostasis in peripheral tissues remains largely uncharacterized. To evaluate the lipid response to dietary changes in the brain, we assessed actively translating mRNAs in astrocytes and neurons across multiple diets. From this data, ethanolamine phosphate phospholyase (Etnppl) was identified as an astrocyte-specific fasting-induced gene. Etnppl catabolizes phosphoethanolamine (PEtN), a prominent headgroup precursor in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) also found in other classes of neurologically relevant lipid species. Altered Etnppl expression has also previously been associated with humans with mood disorders. We evaluated the relevance of Etnppl in maintaining brain lipid homeostasis by characterizing Etnppl across development and in coregulation with PEtN-relevant genes, as well as determining the impact to the brain lipidome after Etnppl loss. We found that Etnppl expression dramatically increased during a critical window of early brain development in mice and was also induced by glucocorticoids. Using a constitutive knockout of Etnppl (EtnpplKO), we did not observe robust changes in expression of PEtN-related genes. However, loss of Etnppl altered the phospholipid profile in the brain, resulting in increased total abundance of PE and in polyunsaturated fatty acids within PE and phosphatidylcholine species in the brain. Together, these data suggest that brain phospholipids are regulated by the phospholyase action of the enzyme Etnppl, which is induced by dietary fasting in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J White
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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15
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Kieronska-Rudek A, Kij A, Kaczara P, Tworzydlo A, Napiorkowski M, Sidoryk K, Chlopicki S. Exogenous Vitamins K Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Dissociated from Their Role as Substrates for Synthesis of Endogenous MK-4 in Murine Macrophages Cell Line. Cells 2021; 10:1571. [PMID: 34206530 PMCID: PMC8303864 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins K exert a range of activities that extend far beyond coagulation and include anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory action remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that various forms of exogenous vitamins-K1, K3, K2 (MK-4, MK-5, MK-6 and MK-7)-regulated a wide scope of inflammatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro, including NOS-2, COX-2, cytokines and MMPs. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 on their own. Vitamins with shorter isoprenoid chains-K1, K3 and MK-5-exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory potential than vitamins with longer isoprenoid chains (MK-6 and MK-7) and simultaneously were preferably used as a substrate for MK-4 endogenous production. Most interesting, atorvastatin pretreatment inhibited endogenous MK-4 production but had no impact on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamins K. In summary, our results demonstrate that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 using exogenous vitamins K, and statin inhibits this process. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous vitamins K was independent of endogenous MK-4 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tworzydlo
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Marek Napiorkowski
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warszawa, Poland; (M.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warszawa, Poland; (M.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
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16
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Zhang Y, Ding HT, Jiang WX, Zhang X, Cao HY, Wang JP, Li CY, Huang F, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Li PY. Active site architecture of an acetyl xylan esterase indicates a novel cold adaptation strategy. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100841. [PMID: 34058201 PMCID: PMC8253974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SGNH-type acetyl xylan esterases (AcXEs) play important roles in marine and terrestrial xylan degradation, which are necessary for removing acetyl side groups from xylan. However, only a few cold-adapted AcXEs have been reported, and the underlying mechanisms for their cold adaptation are still unknown because of the lack of structural information. Here, a cold-adapted AcXE, AlAXEase, from the Arctic marine bacterium Arcticibacterium luteifluviistationis SM1504T was characterized. AlAXEase could deacetylate xylooligosaccharides and xylan, which, together with its homologs, indicates a novel SGNH-type carbohydrate esterase family. AlAXEase showed the highest activity at 30 °C and retained over 70% activity at 0 °C but had unusual thermostability with a Tm value of 56 °C. To explain the cold adaption mechanism of AlAXEase, we next solved its crystal structure. AlAXEase has similar noncovalent stabilizing interactions to its mesophilic counterpart at the monomer level and forms stable tetramers in solutions, which may explain its high thermostability. However, a long loop containing the catalytic residues Asp200 and His203 in AlAXEase was found to be flexible because of the reduced stabilizing hydrophobic interactions and increased destabilizing asparagine and lysine residues, leading to a highly flexible active site. Structural and enzyme kinetic analyses combined with molecular dynamics simulations at different temperatures revealed that the flexible catalytic loop contributes to the cold adaptation of AlAXEase by modulating the distance between the catalytic His203 in this loop and the nucleophilic Ser32. This study reveals a new cold adaption strategy adopted by the thermostable AlAXEase, shedding light on the cold adaption mechanisms of AcXEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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O’Brien L, Collins K, Webb R, Davies I, Doran D, Amirabdollahian F. The Effects of Pre-Game Carbohydrate Intake on Running Performance and Substrate Utilisation during Simulated Gaelic Football Match Play. Nutrients 2021; 13:1392. [PMID: 33919043 PMCID: PMC8142997 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has reported that elite Gaelic football players' carbohydrate (CHO) intakes are sub-optimal, especially, in the lead up to competitive matches. Despite clear decrements in running performance across elite Gaelic football matches, there are no studies that have investigated nutrition interventions on match-related Gaelic football performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether a higher-CHO diet in line with sports nutrition guidelines can improve Gaelic football-related performance compared to lower CHO intakes previously observed in Gaelic footballers. METHODS Twelve Gaelic football players completed a Gaelic football simulation protocol (GFSP) on two occasions after consuming a high-CHO diet (7 g·kg-1) (HCHO) or an energy-matched lower-CHO diet (3.5 g·kg-1) (L-CHO) for 48 h. Movement demands and heart rate were measured using portable global positioning systems devices. Countermovement jump height (CMJ) and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) were measured throughout each trial. Expired respiratory gases were collected throughout the trial using a portable gas analyser. Blood samples were taken at rest, half-time, and post-simulation. RESULTS There was no significant difference in total distance (p = 0.811; η2 = 0.005) or high-speed running distance (HSRD) covered between both trials. However, in the second half of the HCHO trial, HSRD was significantly greater compared to the second half of the LCHO trial (p = 0.015). Sprint distance covered during GFSP was significantly greater in HCHO (8.1 ± 3.5 m·min-1) compared with LCHO (6.4 ± 3.2 m·min-1) (p = 0.011; η2 = 0.445). RSA performance (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.735) and lower body power (CMJ) (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.683) were significantly greater during the HCHO trial compared to LCHO. Overall CHO oxidation rates were significantly greater under HCHO conditions compared to LCHO (3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.6 g·min-1) (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.798). Blood lactate concentrations were significantly higher during HCHO trial versus LCHO (p = 0.026; η2 = 0.375). There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and glycerol concentration between trials. In both trials, all blood metabolites were significantly elevated at half-time and post-trial compared to pre-trial. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a higher-CHO diet can reduce declines in physical performance during simulated Gaelic football match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O’Brien
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK; (R.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Kieran Collins
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University of Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland; (K.C.); (D.D.)
| | - Richard Webb
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK; (R.W.); (F.A.)
| | - Ian Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK;
| | - Dominic Doran
- Gaelic Sports Research Centre, Technological University of Dublin, Tallaght, D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland; (K.C.); (D.D.)
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK;
| | - Farzad Amirabdollahian
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK; (R.W.); (F.A.)
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18
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Zhao M, Hu M, Chen Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Liu B, Fang B. Cereblon modulator CC-885 induces CRBN-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of CDK4 in multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:150-156. [PMID: 33676183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular glue degraders that hijack cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases to target disease-driven proteins for proteosome-dependent degradation are emerging as a promising treatment. Immunomodulatory drugs are classical molecular glue that bind to cereblon (CRBN) to repurpose the function of the CRL4(CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase and developed to treat various hematological malignancies. Recently, a novel cereblon modulator CC-885 was developed to elicit broad antitumor activity. Although the degradation of GSPT1 is essential for the broad in vitro antitumor activity of CC-885, it is unclear whether other neosubstrates also contribute to the pharmacological effects of CC-885, especially in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we show that CC-885 treatment caused growth retardant of MM cells via impairment of cell cycle progression and cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, CC-885 selectively induced the ubiquitination and degradation of CDK4 in MM cells in a CRBN-dependent manner. CC-885-mediated CDK4 destruction decreased the phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) and prevented the expression of E2F downstream genes. Importantly, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of CDK4 enhances CC-885-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells, suggesting CDK4 destruction contributed to the cytotoxicity of CC-885 in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Heyi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yulu Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, 435003, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Baijun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Institute of Haematology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China.
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Kim JH, Lee J, Jeong H, Bang MS, Jeong JH, Chang M. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid as a Novel Substrate and Inhibitor of Catechol O-Methyltransferase Modulates 4-Hydroxyestradiol-Induced Cyto- and Genotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072060. [PMID: 33916785 PMCID: PMC8038350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a major lignan metabolite found in Larrea spp., which are widely used in South America to treat various diseases. In breast tissue, estradiol is metabolized to the catechol estrogens such as 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), which have been proposed to be cancer initiators potentially involved in mammary carcinogenesis. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the O-methylation of catechol estrogens to their less toxic methoxy derivatives, such as 4-O-methylestradiol (4-MeOE2). The present study investigated the novel biological activities of NDGA in relation to COMT and the effects of COMT inhibition by NDGA on 4-OHE2-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Two methoxylated metabolites of NDGA, 3-O-methylNDGA (3-MNDGA) and 4-O-methyl NDGA (4-MNDGA), were identified in the reaction mixture containing human recombinant COMT, NDGA, and cofactors. Km values for the COMT-catalyzed metabolism of NDGA were 2.6 µM and 2.2 µM for 3-MNDGA and 4-MNDGA, respectively. The COMT-catalyzed methylation of 4-OHE2 was inhibited by NDGA at an IC50 of 22.4 µM in a mixed-type mode of inhibition by double reciprocal plot analysis. Molecular docking studies predicted that NDGA would adopt a stable conformation at the COMT active site, mainly owing to the hydrogen bond network. NDGA is likely both a substrate for and an inhibitor of COMT. Comet and apurinic/apyrimidinic site quantitation assays, cell death, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells showed that NDGA decreased COMT-mediated formation of 4-MeOE2 and increased 4-OHE2-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Thus, NDGA has the potential to reduce COMT activity in mammary tissues and prevent the inactivation of mutagenic estradiol metabolites, thereby increasing catechol estrogen-induced genotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Jimin Lee
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyesoo Jeong
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea; (J.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Mi Seo Bang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
- Research Institute for Asian Women, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04309, Korea
- Research Institute for Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2077-7626
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20
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Acoba MG, Alpergin ESS, Renuse S, Fernández-Del-Río L, Lu YW, Khalimonchuk O, Clarke CF, Pandey A, Wolfgang MJ, Claypool SM. The mitochondrial carrier SFXN1 is critical for complex III integrity and cellular metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108869. [PMID: 33730581 PMCID: PMC8048093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers (MCs) mediate the passage of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), enabling regulated crosstalk between compartmentalized reactions. Despite MCs representing the largest family of solute carriers in mammals, most have not been subjected to a comprehensive investigation, limiting our understanding of their metabolic contributions. Here, we functionally characterize SFXN1, a member of the non-canonical, sideroflexin family. We find that SFXN1, an integral IMM protein with an uneven number of transmembrane domains, is a TIM22 complex substrate. SFXN1 deficiency leads to mitochondrial respiratory chain impairments, most detrimental to complex III (CIII) biogenesis, activity, and assembly, compromising coenzyme Q levels. The CIII dysfunction is independent of one-carbon metabolism, the known primary role for SFXN1 as a mitochondrial serine transporter. Instead, SFXN1 supports CIII function by participating in heme and α-ketoglutarate metabolism. Our findings highlight the multiple ways that SFXN1-based amino acid transport impacts mitochondrial and cellular metabolic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Grace Acoba
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ebru S Selen Alpergin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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21
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McCarty KD, Ratliff SA, Furge KA, Furge LL. Tryptophan-75 Is a Low-Energy Channel-Gating Residue that Facilitates Substrate Egress/Access in Cytochrome P450 2D6. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:179-187. [PMID: 33376147 PMCID: PMC7883074 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2D6 is a major drug metabolizing enzyme with a buried active site. Channels leading to the active site from various enzyme surfaces are believed to facilitate ligand egress and access to the active site. The present study used molecular dynamics (MD) and in vitro studies with CYP2D6*1 and a Trp75-to-Ala mutant to examine channel gating in CYP2D6 by Trp75. MD simulations measured energy landscapes of Trp75 conformations and simulated substrate passage within channel 2b using bufuralol as a model substrate. Trp75 alternated between multiple stable states that supported substrate transport along channel 2b with low-energy barriers between states (∼ -1 kcal/mol). Trp75 conformations were stabilized primarily by hydrogen bonding between Trp75 and Glu222, Asn226, Ala225, or Gln72. Energy barriers were low between Trp75 conformations, allowing Trp75 to easily move between various conformations over time and to function in both binding to and moving substrates in the 2b channel of CYP2D6. Michaelis-Menten kinetic studies completed with purified enzyme in a reconstituted system showed overall reduced enzyme efficiency for metabolism of bufuralol and dextromethorphan by the Trp75Ala mutant compared with CYP2D6*1. In stopped-flow measurements, k off for dextromethorphan was decreased in the absence of Trp75. Our results support a role for Trp75 in substrate shuttling to the active site of CYP2D6. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Using combined molecular dynamics and in vitro assays, this study shows for the first time a role for Trp75 as a channel entrance gating residue in the mechanism of substrate binding/unbinding in CYP2D6. Energy landscapes derived from molecular dynamics were used to quantitate the strength of gating, and kinetics assays showed the impact on enzyme efficiency and k off of a Trp75Ala mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D McCarty
- Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Michigan
| | | | - Kyle A Furge
- Department of Chemistry, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Michigan
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22
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Kannt A, Rajagopal S, Hallur MS, Swamy I, Kristam R, Dhakshinamoorthy S, Czech J, Zech G, Schreuder H, Ruf S. Novel Inhibitors of Nicotinamide- N-Methyltransferase for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040991. [PMID: 33668468 PMCID: PMC7918612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to nicotinamide (Nam). It is expressed in many tissues including the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Its expression in several cancer cell lines has been widely discussed in the literature, and recent work established a link between NNMT expression and metabolic diseases. Here we describe our approach to identify potent small molecule inhibitors of NNMT featuring different binding modes as elucidated by X-ray crystallographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology-ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Sridharan Rajagopal
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Mahanandeesha S. Hallur
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Indu Swamy
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Rajendra Kristam
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Saravanakumar Dhakshinamoorthy
- Jubilant Biosys Limited, #96, Industrial Suburb, 2nd Stage Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India; (S.R.); (M.S.H.); (I.S.); (R.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Joerg Czech
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Gernot Zech
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Herman Schreuder
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Sven Ruf
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.C.); (G.Z.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Chen PJ, Hwang TL, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. 5-Methoxybenzothiophene-2-Carboxamides as Inhibitors of Clk1/4: Optimization of Selectivity and Cellular Potency. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041001. [PMID: 33668683 PMCID: PMC7918793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clks have been shown by recent studies to be promising targets for cancer therapy, as they are considered key regulators in the process of pre-mRNA splicing, which in turn affects every aspect of tumor biology. In particular, Clk1 and -4 are overexpressed in several human tumors. Most of the potent Clk1 inhibitors reported in the literature are non-selective, mainly showing off-target activity towards Clk2, Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B. Herein, we present new 5-methoxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamide derivatives with unprecedented selectivity. In particular, the introduction of a 3,5-difluoro benzyl extension to the methylated amide led to the discovery of compound 10b (cell-free IC50 = 12.7 nM), which was four times more selective for Clk1 over Clk2 than the previously published flagship compound 1b. Moreover, 10b showed an improved growth inhibitory activity with T24 cells (GI50 = 0.43 µM). Furthermore, a new binding model in the ATP pocket of Clk1 was developed based on the structure-activity relationships derived from new rigidified analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Dalia S. El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (T.-L.H.)
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (T.-L.H.)
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (A.K.E.); (D.S.E.-G.); (A.H.A.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-681-302-70312; Fax: +49-681-302-70308
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24
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Nair PC, Gillani TB, Rawling T, Murray M. Differential inhibition of human CYP2C8 and molecular docking interactions elicited by sorafenib and its major N-oxide metabolite. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 338:109401. [PMID: 33556367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib (SOR) is being used increasingly in combination with other anticancer agents like paclitaxel, but this increases the potential for drug toxicity. SOR inhibits several human CYPs, including CYP2C8, which is a major enzyme in the elimination of oncology drugs like paclitaxel and imatinib. It has been reported that CYP2C8 inhibition by SOR in human liver microsomes is potentiated by NADPH-dependent biotransformation. This implicates a SOR metabolite in enhanced inhibition, although the identity of that metabolite is presently unclear. The present study evaluated the capacity of the major N-oxide metabolite of SOR (SNO) to inhibit CYP2C8-dependent paclitaxel 6α-hydroxylation. The IC50 of SNO against CYP2C8 activity was found to be 3.7-fold lower than that for the parent drug (14 μM versus 51 μM). In molecular docking studies, both SOR and SNO interacted with active site residues in CYP2C8, but four additional major hydrogen and halogen bonding interactions were identified between SNO and amino acids in the B-B' loop region and helixes F' and I that comprise the catalytic region of the enzyme. In contrast, the binding of both SOR and SNO to active site residues in the closely related human CYP2C9 enzyme was similar, as were the IC50s determined against CYP2C9-mediated losartan oxidation. These findings suggest that the active metabolite SNO could impair the elimination of coadministered drugs that are substrates for CYP2C8, and mediate toxic adverse events, perhaps in those individuals in whom SNO is formed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C Nair
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Tina B Gillani
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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25
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Kim JH, Matsubara T, Lee J, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Han K, Kim D, Jia S, Chang CJ, Yang H, Nagano T, Krausz KW, Yim SH, Gonzalez FJ. Lysosomal SLC46A3 modulates hepatic cytosolic copper homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:290. [PMID: 33436590 PMCID: PMC7804329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic toxicity associated with prominent lipid accumulation in humans. Here, the authors report that the lysosomal copper transporter SLC46A3 is induced by TCDD and underlies the hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, potentially via effects on mitochondrial function. SLC46A3 was localized to the lysosome where it modulated intracellular copper levels. Forced expression of hepatic SLC46A3 resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and abnormal mitochondria morphology consistent with lower copper levels. SLC46A3 expression increased hepatic lipid accumulation similar to the known effects of TCDD exposure in mice and humans. The TCDD-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation was significantly decreased in Slc46a3-/- mice and was more pronounced when these mice were fed a high-fat diet, as compared to wild-type mice. These data are consistent with a model where lysosomal SLC46A3 induction by TCDD leads to cytosolic copper deficiency resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction leading to lower lipid catabolism, thus linking copper status to mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and TCDD-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyungreem Han
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomokazu Nagano
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Yim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 41163, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Nie L, Wang C, Li N, Feng X, Lee N, Su D, Tang M, Yao F, Chen J. Proteome-wide Analysis Reveals Substrates of E3 Ligase RNF146 Targeted for Degradation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:2015-2030. [PMID: 32958691 PMCID: PMC7710139 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific E3 ligases target tumor suppressors for degradation. Inhibition of such E3 ligases may be an important approach to cancer treatment. RNF146 is a RING domain and PARylation-dependent E3 ligase that functions as an activator of the β-catenin/Wnt and YAP/Hippo pathways by targeting the degradation of several tumor suppressors. Tankyrases 1 and 2 (TNKS1/2) are the only known poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases that require RNF146 to degrade their substrates. However, systematic identification of RNF146 substrates have not yet been performed. To uncover substrates of RNF146 that are targeted for degradation, we generated RNF146 knockout cells and TNKS1/2-double knockout cells and performed proteome profiling with label-free quantification as well as transcriptome analysis. We identified 160 potential substrates of RNF146, which included many known substrates of RNF146 and TNKS1/2 and 122 potential TNKS-independent substrates of RNF146. In addition, we validated OTU domain-containing protein 5 and Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP10 as TNKS1/2-independent substrates of RNF146 and SARDH as a novel substrate of TNKS1/2 and RNF146. Our study is the first proteome-wide analysis of potential RNF146 substrates. Together, these findings not only demonstrate that proteome profiling can be a useful general approach for the systemic identification of substrates of E3 ligases but also reveal new substrates of RNF146, which provides a resource for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Namsoo Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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27
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Bonekamp NA, Peter B, Hillen HS, Felser A, Bergbrede T, Choidas A, Horn M, Unger A, Di Lucrezia R, Atanassov I, Li X, Koch U, Menninger S, Boros J, Habenberger P, Giavalisco P, Cramer P, Denzel MS, Nussbaumer P, Klebl B, Falkenberg M, Gustafsson CM, Larsson NG. Small-molecule inhibitors of human mitochondrial DNA transcription. Nature 2020. [PMID: 33328633 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Altered expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) occurs in ageing and a range of human pathologies (for example, inborn errors of metabolism, neurodegeneration and cancer). Here we describe first-in-class specific inhibitors of mitochondrial transcription (IMTs) that target the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT), which is essential for biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system1-6. The IMTs efficiently impair mtDNA transcription in a reconstituted recombinant system and cause a dose-dependent inhibition of mtDNA expression and OXPHOS in cell lines. To verify the cellular target, we performed exome sequencing of mutagenized cells and identified a cluster of amino acid substitutions in POLRMT that cause resistance to IMTs. We obtained a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of POLRMT bound to an IMT, which further defined the allosteric binding site near the active centre cleft of POLRMT. The growth of cancer cells and the persistence of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells has previously been reported to depend on OXPHOS7-17, and we therefore investigated whether IMTs have anti-tumour effects. Four weeks of oral treatment with an IMT is well-tolerated in mice and does not cause OXPHOS dysfunction or toxicity in normal tissues, despite inducing a strong anti-tumour response in xenografts of human cancer cells. In summary, IMTs provide a potent and specific chemical biology tool to study the role of mtDNA expression in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Bonekamp
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bradley Peter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hauke S Hillen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Felser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Moritz Horn
- Metabolic and Genetic Regulation of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Acus Laboratories, Cologne, Germany
- JLP Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Ilian Atanassov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xinping Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Koch
- Lead Discovery Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Denzel
- Metabolic and Genetic Regulation of Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maria Falkenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes M Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Department of Mitochondrial Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Boldinova EO, Belousova EA, Gagarinskaya DI, Maltseva EA, Khodyreva SN, Lavrik OI, Makarova AV. Strand Displacement Activity of PrimPol. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239027. [PMID: 33261049 PMCID: PMC7729601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PrimPol is a unique enzyme possessing DNA/RNA primase and DNA polymerase activities. In this work, we demonstrated that PrimPol efficiently fills a 5-nt gap and possesses the conditional strand displacement activity stimulated by Mn2+ ions and accessory replicative proteins RPA and PolDIP2. The DNA displacement activity of PrimPol was found to be more efficient than the RNA displacement activity and FEN1 processed the 5′-DNA flaps generated by PrimPol in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O. Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.B.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Belousova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Diana I. Gagarinskaya
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.B.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Maltseva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Svetlana N. Khodyreva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.A.B.); (E.A.M.); (S.N.K.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (E.O.B.); (D.I.G.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Wiechmann S, Saupp E, Schilling D, Heinzlmeir S, Schneider G, Schmid RM, Combs SE, Kuster B, Dobiasch S. Radiosensitization by Kinase Inhibition Revealed by Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1649-1663. [PMID: 32651227 PMCID: PMC8014995 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and known for its extensive genetic heterogeneity, high therapeutic resistance, and strong variation in intrinsic radiosensitivity. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying radioresistance, we screened the phenotypic response of 38 PDAC cell lines to ionizing radiation. Subsequent phosphoproteomic analysis of two representative sensitive and resistant lines led to the reproducible identification of 7,800 proteins and 13,000 phosphorylation sites (p-sites). Approximately 700 p-sites on 400 proteins showed abundance changes after radiation in all cell lines regardless of their phenotypic sensitivity. Apart from recapitulating known radiation response phosphorylation markers such as on proteins involved in DNA damage repair, the analysis uncovered many novel members of a radiation-responsive signaling network that was apparent only at the level of protein phosphorylation. These regulated p-sites were enriched in potential ATM substrates and in vitro kinase assays corroborated 10 of these. Comparing the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of radiosensitive and -resistant cells pointed to additional tractable radioresistance mechanisms involving apoptotic proteins. For instance, elevated NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression in radioresistant cells may aid in clearing harmful reactive oxygen species. Resistant cells also showed elevated phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in cytoskeleton organization including actin dynamics and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and one resistant cell line showed a strong migration phenotype. Pharmacological inhibition of the kinases FAK by Defactinib and of CHEK1 by Rabusertib showed a statistically significant sensitization to radiation in radioresistant PDAC cells. Together, the presented data map a comprehensive molecular network of radiation-induced signaling, improves the understanding of radioresistance and provides avenues for developing radiotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wiechmann
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Saupp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinzlmeir
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- German Cancer Consortium, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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30
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Yang SW, Huang X, Lin W, Min J, Miller DJ, Mayasundari A, Rodrigues P, Griffith EC, Gee CT, Li L, Li W, Lee RE, Rankovic Z, Chen T, Potts PR. Structural basis for substrate recognition and chemical inhibition of oncogenic MAGE ubiquitin ligases. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4931. [PMID: 33004795 PMCID: PMC7529893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis-restricted melanoma antigen (MAGE) proteins are frequently hijacked in cancer and play a critical role in tumorigenesis. MAGEs assemble with E3 ubiquitin ligases and function as substrate adaptors that direct the ubiquitination of novel targets, including key tumor suppressors. However, how MAGEs recognize their targets is unknown and has impeded the development of MAGE-directed therapeutics. Here, we report the structural basis for substrate recognition by MAGE ubiquitin ligases. Biochemical analysis of the degron motif recognized by MAGE-A11 and the crystal structure of MAGE-A11 bound to the PCF11 substrate uncovered a conserved substrate binding cleft (SBC) in MAGEs. Mutation of the SBC disrupted substrate recognition by MAGEs and blocked MAGE-A11 oncogenic activity. A chemical screen for inhibitors of MAGE-A11:substrate interaction identified 4-Aminoquinolines as potent inhibitors of MAGE-A11 that show selective cytotoxicity. These findings provide important insights into the large family of MAGE ubiquitin ligases and identify approaches for developing cancer-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Darcie J Miller
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anand Mayasundari
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Patrick Rodrigues
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Griffith
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Clifford T Gee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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31
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Chen D, Dong C, Dong G, Srinivasan K, Min J, Noinaj N, Huang R. Probing the Plasticity in the Active Site of Protein N-terminal Methyltransferase 1 Using Bisubstrate Analogues. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8419-8431. [PMID: 32605369 PMCID: PMC7429357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bisubstrate analogue strategy is a promising approach to develop potent and selective inhibitors for protein methyltransferases. Herein, the interactions of a series of bisubstrate analogues with protein N-terminal methyltransferase 1 (NTMT1) were examined to probe the molecular properties of the active site of NTMT1. Our results indicate that a 2-C to 4-C atom linker enables its respective bisubstrate analogue to occupy both substrate- and cofactor-binding sites of NTMT1, but the bisubstrate analogue with a 5-C atom linker only interacts with the substrate-binding site and functions as a substrate. Furthermore, the 4-C atom linker is the optimal and produces the most potent inhibitor (Ki,app = 130 ± 40 pM) for NTMT1 to date, displaying more than 3000-fold selectivity for other methyltransferases and even for its homologue NTMT2. This study reveals the molecular basis for the plasticity of the active site of NTMT1. Additionally, our study outlines general guidance on the development of bisubstrate inhibitors for any methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Cheng Dong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Guangping Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Karthik Srinivasan
- Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jinrong Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nicholas Noinaj
- Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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32
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Scheidt T, Alka O, Gonczarowska-Jorge H, Gruber W, Rathje F, Dell’Aica M, Rurik M, Kohlbacher O, Zahedi RP, Aberger F, Huber CG. Phosphoproteomics of short-term hedgehog signaling in human medulloblastoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:99. [PMID: 32576205 PMCID: PMC7310537 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant hedgehog (HH) signaling is implicated in the development of various cancer entities such as medulloblastoma. Activation of GLI transcription factors was revealed as the driving force upon pathway activation. Increased phosphorylation of essential effectors such as Smoothened (SMO) and GLI proteins by kinases including Protein Kinase A, Casein Kinase 1, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β controls effector activity, stability and processing. However, a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of phosphorylation in the signal transduction remains unclear, particularly during early response processes involved in SMO activation and preceding GLI target gene regulation. METHODS We applied temporal quantitative phosphoproteomics to reveal phosphorylation dynamics underlying the short-term chemical activation and inhibition of early hedgehog signaling in HH responsive human medulloblastoma cells. Medulloblastoma cells were treated for 5.0 and 15 min with Smoothened Agonist (SAG) to induce and with vismodegib to inhibit the HH pathway. RESULTS Our phosphoproteomic profiling resulted in the quantification of 7700 and 10,000 phosphosites after 5.0 and 15 min treatment, respectively. The data suggest a central role of phosphorylation in the regulation of ciliary assembly, trafficking, and signal transduction already after 5.0 min treatment. ERK/MAPK signaling, besides Protein Kinase A signaling and mTOR signaling, were differentially regulated after short-term treatment. Activation of Polo-like Kinase 1 and inhibition of Casein Kinase 2A1 were characteristic for vismodegib treatment, while SAG treatment induced Aurora Kinase A activity. Distinctive phosphorylation of central players of HH signaling such as SMO, SUFU, GLI2 and GLI3 was observed only after 15 min treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that phosphorylation triggered in response to SMO modulation dictates the localization of hedgehog pathway components within the primary cilium and affects the regulation of the SMO-SUFU-GLI axis. The data are relevant for the development of targeted therapies of HH-associated cancers including sonic HH-type medulloblastoma. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of SMO inhibitors such as vismodegib may lead to the development of compounds causing fewer adverse effects and lower frequencies of drug resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Scheidt
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Alka
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Humberto Gonczarowska-Jorge
- Leibniz-Institute of Analytical Sciences- ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020 Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Gruber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Present address: EVER Valinject GmbH, 4866 Unterach am Attersee, Austria
| | - Florian Rathje
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Marc Rurik
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - René P. Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institute of Analytical Sciences- ISAS - e.V, Dortmund, Germany
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories and Molecular Cancer Research and Tumor Immunology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Hong L, Lavrentovich DO, Chavan A, Leypunskiy E, Li E, Matthews C, LiWang A, Rust MJ, Dinner AR. Bayesian modeling reveals metabolite-dependent ultrasensitivity in the cyanobacterial circadian clock. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9355. [PMID: 32496641 PMCID: PMC7271899 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical models can enable a predictive understanding of mechanism in cell biology by quantitatively describing complex networks of interactions, but such models are often poorly constrained by available data. Owing to its relative biochemical simplicity, the core circadian oscillator in Synechococcus elongatus has become a prototypical system for studying how collective dynamics emerge from molecular interactions. The oscillator consists of only three proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, and near-24-h cycles of KaiC phosphorylation can be reconstituted in vitro. Here, we formulate a molecularly detailed but mechanistically naive model of the KaiA-KaiC subsystem and fit it directly to experimental data within a Bayesian parameter estimation framework. Analysis of the fits consistently reveals an ultrasensitive response for KaiC phosphorylation as a function of KaiA concentration, which we confirm experimentally. This ultrasensitivity primarily results from the differential affinity of KaiA for competing nucleotide-bound states of KaiC. We argue that the ultrasensitive stimulus-response relation likely plays an important role in metabolic compensation by suppressing premature phosphorylation at nighttime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hong
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Archana Chavan
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Leypunskiy
- Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles Matthews
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andy LiWang
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Machines, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Rust
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron R Dinner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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34
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Guan C, Niu Y, Chen SC, Kang Y, Wu JX, Nishi K, Chang CCY, Chang TY, Luo T, Chen L. Structural insights into the inhibition mechanism of human sterol O-acyltransferase 1 by a competitive inhibitor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2478. [PMID: 32424158 PMCID: PMC7234994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident, multi-transmembrane enzyme that belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family. It catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol to generate cholesteryl esters for cholesterol storage. SOAT1 is a target to treat several human diseases. However, its structure and mechanism remain elusive since its discovery. Here, we report the structure of human SOAT1 (hSOAT1) determined by cryo-EM. hSOAT1 is a tetramer consisted of a dimer of dimer. The structure of hSOAT1 dimer at 3.5 Å resolution reveals that a small molecule inhibitor CI-976 binds inside the catalytic chamber and blocks the accessibility of the active site residues H460, N421 and W420. Our results pave the way for future mechanistic study and rational drug design targeting hSOAT1 and other mammalian MBOAT family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yange Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Koji Nishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Liu L, Han T, Liu W, Han G, Di P, Yu X, Yan J, Zhang A. Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK play a crucial role in brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defense in maize. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:537-542. [PMID: 32113680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) has been shown to play important roles in brassinosteroid (BR)-induced antioxidant defense and enhancing the tolerance of plants to drought stress. The autophosphorylation of CCaMK is a key step for the activation of CCaMK, thus promoting substrate phosphorylation. However, how CCaMK autophosphorylation function in BR-induced antioxidant defense is not known yet. Here, seven potential autophosphorylation sites of ZmCCaMK were identified using mass spectroscopy (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]) analysis. The transient gene expression analysis in maize protoplasts showed that Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK were important for BR-induced antioxidant defense. Furthermore, Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK were crucial for improving drought tolerance and alleviating drought induced oxidative damage of plants via overexpressing various mutant versions of ZmCCaMK in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Mutations of Thr420 and Ser454 in ZmCCaMK substantially blocked the autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation of ZmCCaMK in vitro. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Thr420 and Ser454 of ZmCCaMK are crucial for BR-induced antioxidant defense and drought tolerance through modulating the autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activities of ZmCCaMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Weijuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Gaoqiang Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Di
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingwei Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Aying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Llorach-Pares L, Rodriguez-Urgelles E, Nonell-Canals A, Alberch J, Avila C, Sanchez-Martinez M, Giralt A. Meridianins and Lignarenone B as Potential GSK3β Inhibitors and Inductors of Structural Neuronal Plasticity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E639. [PMID: 32326204 PMCID: PMC7226462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) is an essential protein, with a relevant role in many diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Particularly, the isoform GSK3β is related to pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This enzyme constitutes a very interesting target for the discovery and/or design of new therapeutic agents against AD due to its relation to the hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), and therefore, its contribution to neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formation. An in silico target profiling study identified two marine molecular families, the indole alkaloids meridianins from the tunicate genus Aplidium, and lignarenones, the secondary metabolites of the shelled cephalaspidean mollusc Scaphander lignarius, as possible GSK3β inhibitors. The analysis of the surface of GSK3β, aimed to find possible binding regions, and the subsequent in silico binding studies revealed that both marine molecular families can act over the ATP and/or substrate binding regions. The predicted inhibitory potential of the molecules from these two chemical families was experimentally validated in vitro by showing a ~50% of increased Ser9 phosphorylation levels of the GSK3β protein. Furthermore, we determined that molecules from both molecular families potentiate structural neuronal plasticity in vitro. These results allow us to suggest that meridianins and lignarenone B could be used as possible therapeutic candidates for the treatment of GSK3β involved pathologies, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llorach-Pares
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain); (L.L.-P.); (C.A.)
- Mind the Byte S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Ened Rodriguez-Urgelles
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, (Spain); (L.L.-P.); (C.A.)
| | | | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.R.-U.); (J.A.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Cui P, Wei F, Hou J, Su Y, Wang J, Wang S. STAT3 inhibition induced temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma apoptosis via triggering mitochondrial STAT3 translocation and respiratory chain dysfunction. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109598. [PMID: 32165236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene are abnormally active in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and this change is crucial for the tumor survival and chemotherapy-resistant. Certain preclinical pharmacology studies have focused on STAT3 phosphorylation and homodimerization, and have developed a class of salicylic acid-based inhibitors, which blocks the nuclear translocation-dependent canonical STAT3 signaling. In the present study, we demonstrated that the salicylic acid-based compound SH-4-54 was quite toxic to temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant GBM cells and could trigger apoptosis in these cells via enhancing mitochondrial translocation-dependent non-canonical STAT3 pathway. We demonstrated that incubation of TMZ-resistant GBM cells with SH-4-54 led to mitochondrial STAT3 (mitoSTAT3) activation and respiratory dysfunction reflected by disrupted (or suppressed) activities of oxidative phosphorylation complexes and oxygen consumption rate. Mechanistically, we proved that SH-4-54 could increase mitoSTAT3 transmembrane import via GRIM-19 and reinforce the association between mitoSTAT3 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), indicating that SH-4-54 could facilitate the binding of mitoSTAT3 to mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) and negatively regulate mitochondrial-encoded genes, thus leading to the abnormal oxidation respiratory. Lastly, using GRIM-19 knockout cell line and subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model, we elaborately showed the enrichment of SH-4-54 in mitochondria by LC-MS/MS analysis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate thatthe salicylic acid-based compound SH-4-54 is quite effective in killing TMZ-resistant GBM cells and this cytotoxicity is attributed to mitoSTAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Fen Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an 710061, China.
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He X, Chen S, Li C, Ban J, Wei Y, He Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. Trehalose Alleviates Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Activation of the TFEB-Mediated Autophagy-Lysosomal System in Alveolar Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010122. [PMID: 31947943 PMCID: PMC7016807 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease characterized by persistent inflammation and irreversible fibrosis. Crystalline silica (CS) particles are mainly phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AMs), which trigger apoptosis, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis. Previously, we found that autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction in AMs was involved in CS-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Induction of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis by transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation can rescue fibrotic diseases. However, the role of TFEB in silicosis is unknown. In this study, we found that CS induced TFEB nuclear localization and increased TFEB expression in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. However, TFEB overexpression or treatment with the TFEB activator trehalose (Tre) alleviated lysosomal dysfunction and enhanced autophagic flux. It also reduced apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine levels, and fibrosis. Both pharmacologically inhibition of autophagy and TFEB knockdown in macrophages significantly abolished the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by either TFEB overexpression or Tre treatment. In conclusion, these results uncover a protective role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in silicosis. Our study suggests that restoration of autophagy-lysosomal function by Tre-induced TFEB activation may be a novel strategy for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiaqi Ban
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yungeng Wei
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangyang He
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-31939079
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Okafor IC, Singh D, Wang Y, Jung M, Wang H, Mallon J, Bailey S, Lee JK, Ha T. Single molecule analysis of effects of non-canonical guide RNAs and specificity-enhancing mutations on Cas9-induced DNA unwinding. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:11880-11888. [PMID: 31713616 PMCID: PMC7145707 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cas9 has made a wide range of genomic manipulation possible. However, its specificity continues to be a challenge. Non-canonical gRNAs and new engineered variants of Cas9 have been developed to improve specificity, but at the cost of the on-target activity. DNA unwinding is a checkpoint before cleavage by Cas9, and was shown to be made more sensitive to sequence mismatches by specificity-enhancing mutations in engineered Cas9s. Here we performed single-molecule FRET-based DNA unwinding experiments using various combinations of non-canonical gRNAs and different Cas9s. All engineered Cas9s were less promiscuous than wild type when canonical gRNA was used, but HypaCas9 had much-reduced on-target unwinding. Cas9-HF1 and eCas9 showed the best balance between low promiscuity and high on-target activity with canonical gRNA. When extended gRNAs with one or two non-matching guanines added to the 5' end were used, Sniper1-Cas9 showed the lowest promiscuity while maintaining high on-target activity. Truncated gRNA generally reduced unwinding and adding a non-matching guanine to the 5' end of gRNA influenced unwinding in a sequence-context dependent manner. Our results are consistent with cell-based cleavage data and provide a mechanistic understanding of how various Cas9/gRNA combinations perform in genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna C Okafor
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Haobo Wang
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Mallon
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Scott Bailey
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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De Blasio C, Zonfrilli A, Franchitto M, Mariano G, Cialfi S, Verma N, Checquolo S, Bellavia D, Palermo R, Benelli D, Screpanti I, Talora C. PLK1 targets NOTCH1 during DNA damage and mitotic progression. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17941-17950. [PMID: 31597699 PMCID: PMC6879332 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a complex role in carcinogenesis, and its signaling pathway has both tumor suppressor and oncogenic components. To identify regulators that might control this dual activity of NOTCH1, we screened a chemical library targeting kinases and identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as one of the kinases involved in arsenite-induced NOTCH1 down-modulation. As PLK1 activity drives mitotic entry but also is inhibited after DNA damage, we investigated the PLK1-NOTCH1 interplay in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and in response to DNA damage. Here, we found that PLK1 regulates NOTCH1 expression at G2/M transition. However, when cells in G2 phase are challenged with DNA damage, PLK1 is inhibited to prevent entry into mitosis. Interestingly, we found that the interaction between NOTCH1 and PLK1 is functionally important during the DNA damage response, as we found that whereas PLK1 activity is inhibited, NOTCH1 expression is maintained during DNA damage response. During genotoxic stress, cellular transformation requires that promitotic activity must override DNA damage checkpoint signaling to drive proliferation. Interestingly, we found that arsenite-induced genotoxic stress causes a PLK1-dependent signaling response that antagonizes the involvement of NOTCH1 in the DNA damage checkpoint. Taken together, our data provide evidence that Notch signaling is altered but not abolished in SCC cells. Thus, it is also important to recognize that Notch plasticity might be modulated and could represent a key determinant to switch on/off either the oncogenic or tumor suppressor function of Notch signaling in a single type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Blasio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Zonfrilli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Center of Life Nano Science Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Franchitto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Germano Mariano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nagendra Verma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Benelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Bui D, Ravasz D, Chinopoulos C. The Effect of 2-Ketobutyrate on Mitochondrial Substrate-Level Phosphorylation. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2301-2306. [PMID: 30810978 PMCID: PMC6776489 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The reaction catalyzed by succinate-CoA ligase in the mitochondrial matrix yields a high-energy phosphate when operating towards hydrolysis of the thioester bond of succinyl-CoA, known as mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation (mSLP). The catabolism of several metabolites converge to succinyl-CoA but through different biochemical pathways. Among them, threonine, serine and methionine catabolize to succinyl-CoA through the common intermediate, 2-ketobutyrate. During the course of this pathway 2-ketobutyrate will become succinyl-CoA through propionyl-CoA catabolism, obligatorily passing through an ATP-consuming step substantiated by propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Here, by recording the directionality of the adenine nucleotide translocase while measuring membrane potential we tested the hypothesis that catabolism of 2-ketobutyrate negates mSLP due to the ATP-consuming propionyl-CoA carboxylase step in rotenone-treated, isolated mouse liver and brain mitochondria. 2-Ketobutyrate produced a less negative membrane potential compared to NADH or FADH2-linked substrates, which was sensitive to inhibition by rotenone, atpenin and arsenate, implying the involvement of complex I, complex II and a dehydrogenase-most likely branched chain keto-acid dehydrogenase, respectively. Co-addition of 2-ketobutyrate with NADH- or FADH2-linked substrates yielded no greater membrane potential than in the presence of substrates alone. However, in the presence of NADH-linked substrates, 2-ketobutyrate prevented mSLP in a dose-dependent manner. Our results imply that despite that 2-ketobutyrate leads to succinyl-CoA formation, obligatory metabolism through propionyl-CoA carboxylase associated with ATP expenditure abolishes mSLP. The provision of metabolites converging to 2-ketobutyrate may be a useful way for manipulating mSLP without using pharmacological or genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Dora Ravasz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
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Rai S, Rai R, Singh PK, Rai LC. Alr2321, a multiple stress inducible glyoxalase I of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 detoxifies methylglyoxal and reactive species oxygen. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 214:105238. [PMID: 31301544 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses enhance the cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which consequently leads to toxic methylglyoxal (MG) production. Glyoxalases (GlyI & GlyII) catalyze the conversion of toxic MG into non-toxic lactic acid but their properties and functions have been overlooked in cyanobacteria. This is the first attempt to conduct a genome-wide analysis of GlyI protein (PF00903) from Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Out of total nine GlyI domain possessing proteins, only three (Alr2321, Alr4469, All1022) harbour conserve His/Glu/His/Glu metal binding site at their homologous position and are deficient in conserved region specific for Zn2+ dependent members. Their biochemical, structural and functional characterization revealed that only Alr2321 is a homodimeric Ni2+ dependent active GlyI with catalytic efficiency 11.7 × 106 M-1 s-1. It has also been found that Alr2321 is activated by various divalent metal ions and has maximum GlyI activity with Ni2+ followed by Co2+ > Mn2+ > Cu2+ and no activity with Zn2+. Moreover, the expression of alr2321 was found to be maximally up-regulated under heat (19 fold) followed by cadmium, desiccation, arsenic, salinity and UV-B stresses. BL21/pGEX-5X2-alr2321 showed improved growth under various abiotic stresses as compared to BL21/pGEX-5X2 by increased scavenging of intracellular MG and ROS levels. Taken together, these results suggest noteworthy links between intracellular MG and ROS, its detoxification by Alr2321, a member of GlyI family of Anabaena sp. PCC7120, in relation to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ruchi Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - L C Rai
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Lin YC, Kanehara K, Nakamura Y. Arabidopsis CHOLINE/ETHANOLAMINE KINASE 1 (CEK1) is a primary choline kinase localized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and involved in ER stress tolerance. New Phytol 2019; 223:1904-1917. [PMID: 31087404 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Choline kinase catalyzes the initial reaction step of choline metabolism that produces phosphocholine, a prerequisite for the biosynthesis of a primary phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. However, the primary choline kinase and its role in plant growth remained elusive in seed plants. Here, we showed that Arabidopsis CHOLINE/ETHANOLAMINE KINASE 1 (CEK1) encodes functional CEK that prefers choline than ethanolamine as a substrate in vitro and affects contents of choline and phosphocholine but not phosphatidylcholine in vivo. CEK1 is localized at endoplasmic reticulum (ER); upon tunicamycin-induced ER stress, a null mutant of CEK1 showed hypersensitive phenotype in seedlings, albeit with no enhanced choline kinase activity. Our results demonstrate that CEK1 is a primary ER-localized choline kinase in vivo that is required for ER stress tolerance possibly through the modulation of choline metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kazue Kanehara
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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Bojić M, Kondža M, Rimac H, Benković G, Maleš Ž. The Effect of Flavonoid Aglycones on the CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8 and CYP2D6 Enzymes Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E3174. [PMID: 31480528 PMCID: PMC6749521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 are major metabolic enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. The majority of xenobiotics are metabolized in the liver, in which the highest levels of cytochromes P450 are expressed. Flavonoids are natural compounds to which humans are exposed through everyday diet. In the previous study, selected flavonoid aglycones showed inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine if these flavonoids inhibit metabolic activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 enzymes. For this purpose, the O-deethylation reaction of phenacetin was used for monitoring CYP1A2 enzyme activity, coumarin 7-hydroxylation for CYP2A6 enzyme activity, 6-α-hydroxylation of paclitaxel for CYP2C8 enzyme activity, and dextromethorphan O-demethylation for CYP2D6 enzyme activity. The generated metabolites were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Hesperetin, pinocembrin, chrysin, isorhamnetin, and morin inhibited CYP1A2 activity; apigenin, tangeretin, galangin, and isorhamnetin inhibited CYP2A6 activity; and chrysin, chrysin-dimethylether, and galangin inhibited CYP2C8. None of the analyzed flavonoids showed inhibition of CYP2D6. The flavonoids in this study were mainly reversible inhibitors of CYP1A2 and CYP2A6, while the inhibition of CYP2C8 was of mixed type (reversible and irreversible). The most prominent reversible inhibitor of CYP1A2 was chrysin, and this was confirmed by the docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Bojić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Martin Kondža
- Matice hrvatske, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Hrvoje Rimac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Benković
- Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska cesta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željan Maleš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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45
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Pilgaard B, Wilkens C, Herbst FA, Vuillemin M, Rhein-Knudsen N, Meyer AS, Lange L. Proteomic enzyme analysis of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina reveals alginate lyase as a minimal adaptation strategy for brown algae degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12338. [PMID: 31451726 PMCID: PMC6710412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We set out to investigate the genetic adaptations of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina CBS112865 for degradation of brown macroalgae. We performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and shotgun proteomic analysis of the secretome of P. salina grown on three species of brown algae and under carbon limitation. Genome comparison with closely related terrestrial fungi revealed that P. salina had a similar but reduced CAZyme profile relative to the terrestrial fungi except for the presence of three putative alginate lyases from Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) family 7 and a putative PL8 with similarity to ascomycete chondroitin AC lyases. Phylogenetic and homology analyses place the PL7 sequences amongst mannuronic acid specific PL7 proteins from marine bacteria. Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of one of the PL7 genes confirmed the specificity. Proteomic analysis of the P. salina secretome when growing on brown algae, revealed the PL7 and PL8 enzymes abundantly secreted together with enzymes necessary for degradation of laminarin, cellulose, lipids and peptides. Our findings indicate that the basic CAZyme repertoire of saprobic and plant pathogenic ascomycetes, with the addition of PL7 alginate lyases, provide P. salina with sufficient enzymatic capabilities to degrade several types of brown algae polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pilgaard
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Vuillemin
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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China H, Ogino H. A useful propionate cofactor enhancing activity for organic solvent-tolerant recombinant metal-free bromoperoxidase (perhydrolase) from Streptomyces aureofaciens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:327-332. [PMID: 31204052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative brominating activity of an organic solvent-tolerant recombinant metal-free bromoperoxidase BPO-A1 with C-terminal His-tag (rBPO-A1), from Streptomyces aureofaciens found to depend on various additives. These included carboxylic acids, used as cofactors and alcohols, used as water-miscible organic solvents. Enzyme activity was significantly enhanced by using propanoic acid (PA) as a cofactor, which had a high Log D at pH 5.0 and ethylene glycol with a low Log P. The positional specificity of oxidative hydroxybromination for olefins, using rBPO-A1 and PA in the presence of methanol, was higher compared to a non-enzymatic reaction using peracetic acid. The oxidative bromination step, occurring after enzymatic peroxidation step, is suggested to be pseudoenzymatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyasu China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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47
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Jiang HS, Zhang Y, Lu ZW, Lebrun R, Gontero B, Li W. Interaction between Silver Nanoparticles and Two Dehydrogenases: Role of Thiol Groups. Small 2019; 15:e1900860. [PMID: 31111667 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Widely used silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are readily accessible to biological fluids and then surrounded by proteins. However, interactions between AgNPs and proteins are poorly understood. Two dehydrogenases, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), are chosen to investigate these interactions. Ag bound to thiol groups of these enzymes significantly decreases the number of free thiols available. Dose-dependent inhibition of enzyme activities is observed in both AgNPs and Ag+ treatments. Based on the concentration required to inhibit 50% activity, GAPDH and MDH are 24-30 fold more sensitive to Ag+ than to AgNPs suggesting that the measured 4.2% Ag+ containing AgNPs can be responsible for the enzymes inhibition. GAPDH, with a thiol group in its active site, is more sensitive to Ag than MDH, displaying many thiol groups but none in its active site, suggesting that thiol groups at the active site strongly determines the sensitivity of enzymes toward AgNPs. In contrast, the dramatic changes of circular dichroism spectra show that the global secondary structure of MDH under AgNPs treatment is more altered than that of GAPDH. In summary, this study shows that the thiol groups and their location on these dehydrogenases are crucial for the AgNPs effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille Cedex 20, 13402, France
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille Cedex 20, 13402, France
| | - Zhen Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, HaiKou, 570228, China
| | - Régine Lebrun
- Plate-forme Protéomique, Marseille Protéomique (MaP), IMM, FR 3479, CNRS, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille Cedex 20, 13402, France
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden and Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Chachami G, Stankovic-Valentin N, Karagiota A, Basagianni A, Plessmann U, Urlaub H, Melchior F, Simos G. Hypoxia-induced Changes in SUMO Conjugation Affect Transcriptional Regulation Under Low Oxygen. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1197-1209. [PMID: 30926672 PMCID: PMC6553927 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in pathological conditions, such as cancer, as a result of the imbalance between oxygen supply and consumption by proliferating cells. HIFs are critical molecular mediators of the physiological response to hypoxia but also regulate multiple steps of carcinogenesis including tumor progression and metastasis. Recent data support that sumoylation, the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-related MOdifier (SUMO) to proteins, is involved in the activation of the hypoxic response and the ensuing signaling cascade. To gain insights into differences of the SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 proteome of HeLa cells under normoxia and cells grown for 48 h under hypoxic conditions, we employed endogenous SUMO-immunoprecipitation in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry (SILAC). The group of proteins whose abundance was increased both in the total proteome and in the SUMO IPs from hypoxic conditions was enriched in enzymes linked to the hypoxic response. In contrast, proteins whose SUMOylation status changed without concomitant change in abundance were predominantly transcriptions factors or transcription regulators. Particularly interesting was transcription factor TFAP2A (Activating enhancer binding Protein 2 alpha), whose sumoylation decreased on hypoxia. TFAP2A is known to interact with HIF-1 and we provide evidence that deSUMOylation of TFAP2A enhances the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 under hypoxic conditions. Overall, these results support the notion that SUMO-regulated signaling pathways contribute at many distinct levels to the cellular response to low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chachami
- From the ‡Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
- ‡‡Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Stankovic-Valentin
- §Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angeliki Karagiota
- From the ‡Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Angeliki Basagianni
- From the ‡Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Uwe Plessmann
- ¶Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- ¶Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- ‖Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Melchior
- §Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Simos
- From the ‡Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- **Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Tian LJ, Min Y, Li WW, Chen JJ, Zhou NQ, Zhu TT, Li DB, Ma JY, An PF, Zheng LR, Huang H, Liu YZ, Yu HQ. Substrate Metabolism-Driven Assembly of High-Quality CdS xSe 1- x Quantum Dots in Escherichia coli: Molecular Mechanisms and Bioimaging Application. ACS Nano 2019; 13:5841-5851. [PMID: 30969107 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis offers opportunities for cost-effective and sustainable production of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), but is currently restricted by poor controllability on the synthesis process, resulting from limited knowledge on the assembly mechanisms and the lack of effective control strategies. In this work, we provide molecular-level insights into the formation mechanism of biogenic QDs (Bio-QDs) and its connection with the cellular substrate metabolism in Escherichia coli. Strengthening the substrate metabolism for producing more reducing power was found to stimulate the production of several reduced thiol-containing proteins (including glutaredoxin and thioredoxin) that play key roles in Bio-QDs assembly. This effectively diverted the transformation route of the selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) metabolic from Cd3(PO4)2 formation to CdS xSe1- x QDs assembly, yielding fine-sized (2.0 ± 0.4 nm), high-quality Bio-QDs with quantum yield (5.2%) and fluorescence lifetime (99.19 ns) far exceeding the existing counterparts. The underlying mechanisms of Bio-QDs crystallization and development were elucidated by density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulation. The resulting Bio-QDs were successfully used for bioimaging of cancer cells and tumor tissue of mice without extra modification. Our work provides fundamental knowledge on the Bio-QDs assembly mechanisms and proposes an effective, facile regulation strategy, which may inspire advances in controlled synthesis and practical applications of Bio-QDs as well as other bionanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiao Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yuan Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jie-Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Nan-Qing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Dao-Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
| | - Peng-Fei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Li-Rong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yang-Zhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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50
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Sepčić K, Sabotič J, A. Ohm R, Drobne D, Jemec Kokalj A. First evidence of cholinesterase-like activity in Basidiomycota. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216077. [PMID: 31039204 PMCID: PMC6490906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinesterases (ChE), the enzymes whose primary function is the hydrolysis of choline esters, are widely expressed throughout the nature. Although they have already been found in plants and microorganisms, including ascomycete fungi, this study is the first report of ChE-like activity in fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota. This activity was detected in almost a quarter of the 45 tested aqueous fungal extracts. The ability of these extracts to hydrolyse acetylthiocholine was about ten times stronger than the hydrolytic activity towards butyrylthiocholine and propionylthiocholine. In-gel detection of ChE-like activity with acetylthiocholine indicated a great variability in the characteristics of these enzymes which are not characterized as vertebrate-like based on (i) differences in inhibition by excess substrate, (ii) susceptibility to different vertebrate acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors, and (iii) a lack of orthologs using phylogenetic analysis. Limited inhibition by single inhibitors and multiple activity bands using in-gel detection indicate the presence of several ChE-like enzymes in these aqueous extracts. We also observed inhibitory activity of the same aqueous mushroom extracts against insect acetylcholinesterase in 10 of the 45 samples tested; activity was independent of the presence of ChE-like activity in extracts. Both ChE-like activities with different substrates and the ability of extracts to inhibit insect acetylcholinesterase were not restricted to any fungal family but were rather present across all included Basidiomycota families. This study can serve as a platform for further research regarding ChE activity in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robin A. Ohm
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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