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Wang N, Wang C, Qi M, Lin X, Zha A, Tan B, Yin Y, Wang J. Phosphatidylethanolamine Improves Postnatal Growth Retardation by Regulating Mucus Secretion of Intestinal Goblet Cells in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1193. [PMID: 38672341 PMCID: PMC11047706 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a multifunctional phospholipid, is necessary for neonate development. This study aimed to explore the impact of the regulation of exogenous PE on postnatal growth retardation (PGR) by improving intestinal barrier function. Thirty-two neonatal pigs were divided into four groups according to their body weight (BW 2.79 ± 0.50 kg or 1.88 ± 0.40 kg) at 7 days old, CON-NBW, PE-NBW, CON-PGR, and PE-PGR. PE was supplemented to NBW piglets and PGR piglets during lactation and post-weaning periods. Compared with the NBW piglets, the growth performance of PGR piglets was lower, while PE improved the poor growth performance. PGR piglets showed injured intestinal morphology, as evidenced by the reduced ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) and goblet cell numbers in the jejunum and ileum. PE recovered the intestinal barrier injury by increasing VH/CD and goblet cell numbers. The decreased MUC2 mRNA and protein expressions were observed in the small intestine of PGR piglets, and PE remarkably increased the expression of MUC2. Mechanistically, PE increased the goblet cell differentiation promoting gene spdef mRNA levels and reduced the mRNA expressions involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress in the jejunal and ileal mucosa of PGR piglets. Overall, we found that PE alleviated growth retardation by regulating intestinal health and generalized its application in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Ming Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Xingtong Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Andong Zha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yulong Yin
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.); (X.L.); (A.Z.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China;
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2
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Yang X, Wang Z, Samovich SN, Kapralov AA, Amoscato AA, Tyurin VA, Dar HH, Li Z, Duan S, Kon N, Chen D, Tycko B, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Bayir H, Stockwell BR, Kagan VE, Gu W. PHLDA2-mediated phosphatidic acid peroxidation triggers a distinct ferroptotic response during tumor suppression. Cell Metab 2024; 36:762-777.e9. [PMID: 38309267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the role of ferroptosis in killing tumor cells is well established, recent studies indicate that ferroptosis inducers also sabotage anti-tumor immunity by killing neutrophils and thus unexpectedly stimulate tumor growth, raising a serious issue about whether ferroptosis effectively suppresses tumor development in vivo. Through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screenings, we discover a pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2)-mediated ferroptosis pathway that is neither ACSL4-dependent nor requires common ferroptosis inducers. PHLDA2-mediated ferroptosis acts through the peroxidation of phosphatidic acid (PA) upon high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced ferroptosis is critical for tumor growth in the absence of common ferroptosis inducers; strikingly, loss of PHLDA2 abrogates ROS-induced ferroptosis and promotes tumor growth but has no obvious effect in normal tissues in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse tumor models. These data demonstrate that PHLDA2-mediated PA peroxidation triggers a distinct ferroptosis response critical for tumor suppression and reveal that PHLDA2-mediated ferroptosis occurs naturally in vivo without any treatment from ferroptosis inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhiming Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shoufu Duan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delin Chen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Departments of Environmental Health, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Horten P, Song K, Garlich J, Hardt R, Colina-Tenorio L, Horvath SE, Schulte U, Fakler B, van der Laan M, Becker T, Stuart RA, Pfanner N, Rampelt H. Identification of MIMAS, a multifunctional mega-assembly integrating metabolic and respiratory biogenesis factors of mitochondria. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113772. [PMID: 38393949 PMCID: PMC11010658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane plays central roles in bioenergetics and metabolism and contains several established membrane protein complexes. Here, we report the identification of a mega-complex of the inner membrane, termed mitochondrial multifunctional assembly (MIMAS). Its large size of 3 MDa explains why MIMAS has escaped detection in the analysis of mitochondria so far. MIMAS combines proteins of diverse functions from respiratory chain assembly to metabolite transport, dehydrogenases, and lipid biosynthesis but not the large established supercomplexes of the respiratory chain, ATP synthase, or prohibitin scaffold. MIMAS integrity depends on the non-bilayer phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine, in contrast to respiratory supercomplexes whose stability depends on cardiolipin. Our findings suggest that MIMAS forms a protein-lipid mega-assembly in the mitochondrial inner membrane that integrates respiratory biogenesis and metabolic processes in a multifunctional platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Horten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kuo Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Garlich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Robert Hardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne E Horvath
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Fakler
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rosemary A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Rong S, Xia M, Vale G, Wang S, Kim CW, Li S, McDonald JG, Radhakrishnan A, Horton JD. DGAT2 inhibition blocks SREBP-1 cleavage and improves hepatic steatosis by increasing phosphatidylethanolamine in the ER. Cell Metab 2024; 36:617-629.e7. [PMID: 38340721 PMCID: PMC10939742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) catalyzes the final step of triglyceride (TG) synthesis. DGAT2 deletion in mice lowers liver TGs, and DGAT2 inhibitors are under investigation for the treatment of fatty liver disease. Here, we show that DGAT2 inhibition also suppressed SREBP-1 cleavage, reduced fatty acid synthesis, and lowered TG accumulation and secretion from liver. DGAT2 inhibition increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibited SREBP-1 cleavage, while DGAT2 overexpression lowered ER PE concentrations and increased SREBP-1 cleavage in vivo. ER enrichment with PE blocked SREBP-1 cleavage independent of Insigs, which are ER proteins that normally retain SREBPs in the ER. Thus, inhibition of DGAT2 shunted diacylglycerol into phospholipid synthesis, increasing the PE content of the ER, resulting in reduced SREBP-1 cleavage and less hepatic steatosis. This study reveals a new mechanism that regulates SREBP-1 activation and lipogenesis that is independent of sterols and SREBP-2 in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxing Rong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Goncalo Vale
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Simeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Shili Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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Bao HN, Yin J, Wang LY, Wang RH, Huang LQ, Chen YL, Wu JX, Sun JQ, Liu WW, Yao N, Li J. Aberrant accumulation of ceramides in mitochondria triggers cell death by inducing autophagy in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1314-1330. [PMID: 38069660 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are membrane lipids and play critical roles in signal transduction. Ceramides are central components of sphingolipid metabolism that are involved in cell death. However, the mechanism of ceramides regulating cell death in plants remains unclear. Here, we found that ceramides accumulated in mitochondria of accelerated cell death 5 mutant (acd5), and expression of mitochondrion-localized ceramide kinase (ACD5) suppressed mitochondrial ceramide accumulation and the acd5 cell death phenotype. Using immuno-electron microscopy, we observed hyperaccumulation of ceramides in acer acd5 double mutants, which are characterized by mutations in both ACER (alkaline ceramidase) and ACD5 genes. The results confirmed that plants with specific ceramide accumulation exhibited localization of ceramides to mitochondria, resulting in an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, when compared with the wild type, autophagy-deficient mutants showed stronger resistance to ceramide-induced cell death. Lipid profiling analysis demonstrated that plants with ceramide accumulation exhibited a significant increase in phosphatidylethanolamine levels. Furthermore, exogenous ceramide treatment or endogenous ceramide accumulation induces autophagy. When exposed to exogenous ceramides, an increase in the level of the autophagy-specific ubiquitin-like protein, ATG8e, associated with mitochondria, where it directly bound to ceramides. Taken together, we propose that the accumulation of ceramides in mitochondria can induce cell death by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Nan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology and Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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García-Ledesma JD, Cárdenas-Torres L, Martínez-Aguilar L, Chávez-Martínez AI, Lozano L, López-Lara IM, Geiger O. Phosphatidylcholine-deficient suppressor mutant of Sinorhizobium meliloti, altered in fatty acid synthesis, partially recovers nodulation ability in symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38341846 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Rhizobial phosphatidylcholine (PC) is thought to be a critical phospholipid for the symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legume host plants. A PC-deficient mutant of Sinorhizobium meliloti overproduces succinoglycan, is unable to swim, and lacks the ability to form nodules on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) host roots. Suppressor mutants had been obtained which did not overproduce succinoglycan and regained the ability to swim. Previously, we showed that point mutations leading to altered ExoS proteins can reverse the succinoglycan and swimming phenotypes of a PC-deficient mutant. Here, we report that other point mutations leading to altered ExoS, ChvI, FabA, or RpoH1 proteins also revert the succinoglycan and swimming phenotypes of PC-deficient mutants. Notably, the suppressor mutants also restore the ability to form nodule organs on alfalfa roots. However, nodules generated by these suppressor mutants express only low levels of an early nodulin, do not induce leghemoglobin transcript accumulation, thus remain white, and are unable to fix nitrogen. Among these suppressor mutants, we detected a reduced function mutant of the 3-hydoxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase FabA that produces reduced amounts of unsaturated and increased amounts of shorter chain fatty acids. This alteration of fatty acid composition probably affects lipid packing thereby partially compensating for the previous loss of PC and contributing to the restoration of membrane homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Daniel García-Ledesma
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas-Torres
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Martínez-Aguilar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Ana I Chávez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Isabel M López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
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Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Shay AE, Koo I, Green KA, Green WR, Hoffmann PR. Upregulated Selenoprotein I during LPS-induced B cell activation promotes lipidomic changes and is required for effective differentiation into IgM secreting plasma B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae024. [PMID: 38289835 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving metabolic reprogramming during B cell activation are unclear, particularly roles for enzymatic pathways involved in lipid remodeling. We found that murine B cell activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to a 1.6-fold increase in total lipids that included higher levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl PE. Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) is an[62] ethanolamine phospholipid transferase involved in the synthesis of both PE and plasmenyl PE, and SELENOI expression was also upregulated during activation. Selenoi knockout (KO) B cells exhibited decreased levels of plasmenyl PE, which plays an important antioxidant role. Lipid peroxidation was measured and found to increase ∼2-fold in KO versus WT B cells. Cell death was not impacted by KO in LPS-treated B cells and proliferation was only slightly reduced, but differentiation into CD138 + Blimp-1+ plasma B cells was decreased ∼2-fold. This led to examination of B cell receptors important for differentiation that recognize the ligand B cell activating factor (BAFF), and levels of the transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cytophilin ligand interactor (TACI; CD267) were significantly decreased on KO B cells compared to WT controls. Vaccination with ovalbumin (OVA)/adjuvant led to decreased OVA-specific IgM levels in sera of KO mice compared to WT mice. Real-time PCR analyses revealed a decreased switch from surface to secreted IgM in spleens of KO mice induced by vaccination or LP-BM5 retrovirus infection. Overall, these findings detail the lipidomic response of B cells to LPS activation and reveal the importance of upregulated SELENOI for promoting differentiation into IgM secreting plasma B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kathy A Green
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - William R Green
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
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8
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Duan B, Park YL, Ji HE, Bang GH, Kim SY, Lee KT. Comparison of the Fatty Acid Composition in Phospholipid Species from Korean Human Milk. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:455-466. [PMID: 38556280 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the phospholipid species [i.e., phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SM)] in human milk (HM) were compared according to their fatty acid (FA) composition. 34 HM samples were collected and classified into three groups (A < B < C) according to their fat content. Stearic acid (C18:0) was the main FA in PE, PC, and SM. The highest concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were observed in PE, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was predominant in SM. Although PC exhibited the highest total saturated FAs (SFAs) and PE contained the highest unsaturated FAs (UFAs), very long-chain SFAs and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were preferentially distributed in SM. PC and SM had higher saturation compared to PE. Regarding the effect of the fat content of HM on the FA composition of the phospholipid species, a limited influence was observed on the composition of SFAs and MUFAs of PE, SM, and particularly PC. However, a more pronounced effect on the composition of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in phospholipids was observed, especially for linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, and DHA, indicating that the composition of FAs in the phospholipid species was probably affected by the maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Duan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University
| | - Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Ha-Ean Ji
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Gyeong-Hee Bang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Se-Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
| | - Ki-Teak Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University
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Li F, Shi Z, Cheng M, Zhou Z, Chu M, Sun L, Zhou JC. Biology and Roles in Diseases of Selenoprotein I Characterized by Ethanolamine Phosphotransferase Activity and Antioxidant Potential. J Nutr 2023; 153:3164-3172. [PMID: 36963501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) has been demonstrated to be an ethanolamine phosphotransferase (EPT) characterized by a nonselenoenzymatic domain and to be involved in the main synthetic branch of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, defects of SELENOI may affect the health status through the multiple functions of PE. On the other hand, selenium (Se) is covalently incorporated into SELENOI as selenocysteine (Sec) in its peptide, which forms a Sec-centered domain as in the other members of the selenoprotein family. Unlike other selenoproteins, Sec-containing SELENOI was formed at a later stage of animal evolution, and the high conservation of the structural domain for PE synthesis across a wide range of species suggests the importance of EPT activity in supporting the survival and evolution of organisms. A variety of factors, such as species characteristics (age and sex), diet and nutrition (dietary Se and fat intakes), SELENOI-specific properties (tissue distribution and rank in the selenoproteome), etc., synergistically regulate the expression of SELENOI in a tentatively unclear interaction. The N- and C-terminal domains confer 2 distinct biochemical functions to SELENOI, namely PE regulation and antioxidant potential, which may allow it to be involved in numerous physiological processes, including neurological diseases (especially hereditary spastic paraplegia), T cell activation, tumorigenesis, and adipocyte differentiation. In this review, we summarize advances in the biology and roles of SELENOI, shedding light on the precise regulation of SELENOI expression and PE homeostasis by dietary Se intake and pharmaceutical or transgenic approaches to modulate the corresponding pathological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhan Shi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minning Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhou
- School of Medical, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Chiang YP, Li Z, He M, Jones Q, Pan M, Han X, Jiang XC. Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein SMSr is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase C that promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105162. [PMID: 37586586 PMCID: PMC10494463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS)-related protein (SMSr) is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase C (PE-PLC) that is conserved and ubiquitous in mammals. However, its biological function is still not clear. We previously observed that SMS1 deficiency-mediated glucosylceramide accumulation caused nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Here, first, we evaluated high-fat diet/fructose-induced NAFLD in Smsr KO and WT mice. Second, we evaluated whether SMSr deficiency can reverse SMS1 deficiency-mediated NAFLD, using Sms1/Sms2 double and Sms1/Sms2/Smsr triple KO mice. We found that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency attenuated high-fat diet/fructose-induced fatty liver and NASH, and attenuated glucosylceramide accumulation-induced NASH, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Further, we found that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency reduced the expression of many inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related factors, and PE supplementation in vitro or in vivo mimicked the condition of SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency or PE supplementation effectively prevented membrane-bound β-catenin transfer to the nucleus, thereby preventing tumor-related gene expression. Finally, we observed that patients with NASH had higher SMSr protein levels in the liver, lower plasma PE levels, and lower plasma PE/phosphatidylcholine ratios, and that human plasma PE levels are negatively associated with tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor β1 levels. In conclusion, SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency causes PE accumulation, which can attenuate fatty liver, NASH, and fibrosis. These results suggest that SMSr/PE-PLC inhibition therapy may mitigate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun-Po Chiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mulin He
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Quiana Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
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11
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Duncan RE. Deficiency of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis: consequences for skeletal muscle. Function (Oxf) 2023; 4:zqad044. [PMID: 37772311 PMCID: PMC10533200 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Elaine Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Jiang X, Hu R, Huang Y, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Shi Y, Miao J, Liu Y. Fructose Aggravates Copper-deficiency-induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109402. [PMID: 37311490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, affecting 24% of the global population. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that copper deficiency (CuD) is implicated in the development of NAFLD, besides, high fructose consumption by promoting inflammation contributes to NAFLD. However, how CuD and/or fructose (Fru) causes NAFLD is not clearly delineated. The present study aims to investigate the role of CuD and/or fructose supplement on hepatic steatosis and hepatic injury. We established a CuD rat model by feeding weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks with CuD diet. Fructose was supplemented in drinking water. We found the promoting role of CuD or Fructose (Fru) in the progress of NAFLD, which was aggravated by combination of the two. Furthermore, we presented the alteration of hepatic lipid profiles (including content, composition and saturation), especially ceramide (Cer), cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was closely associated with CuD and/or Fru fed induced-NAFLD in rat models. In conclusion, insufficient copper intake or excessive fructose supplement resulted in adverse effects on the hepatic lipid profile, and fructose supplement causes a further hepatic injury in CuD-induced NAFLD, which illuminated a better understanding of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Ruixiang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yipu Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yuansen Shi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P.R. China.
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13
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Dulermo T, Lejeune C, Aybeke E, Abreu S, Bleton J, David M, Deniset-Besseau A, Chaminade P, Thibessard A, Leblond P, Virolle MJ. Genome Analysis of a Variant of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 with High Lipid Content and Poor Ability to Synthetize Antibiotics. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1470. [PMID: 37374972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces coelicolor M145 is a model strain extensively studied to elucidate the regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces species. This strain abundantly produces the blue polyketide antibiotic, actinorhodin (ACT), and has a low lipid content. In a process designed to delete the gene encoding the isocitrate lyase (sco0982) of the glyoxylate cycle, an unexpected variant of S. coelicolor was obtained besides bona fide sco0982 deletion mutants. This variant produces 7- to 15-fold less ACT and has a 3-fold higher triacylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine content than the original strain. The genome of this variant was sequenced and revealed that 704 genes were deleted (9% of total number of genes) through deletions of various sizes accompanied by the massive loss of mobile genetic elements. Some deletions include genes whose absence could be related to the high total lipid content of this variant such as those encoding enzymes of the TCA and glyoxylate cycles, enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation as well as enzymes belonging to some polyketide and possibly trehalose biosynthetic pathways. The characteristics of this deleted variant of S. coelicolor are consistent with the existence of the previously reported negative correlation existing between lipid content and antibiotic production in Streptomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Dulermo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group "Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces", 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clara Lejeune
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group "Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces", 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ece Aybeke
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sonia Abreu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lip(Sys)2 (Lipides Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques), UFR Pharmacie-Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Jean Bleton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lip(Sys)2 (Lipides Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques), UFR Pharmacie-Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Michelle David
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group "Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces", 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ariane Deniset-Besseau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Lip(Sys)2 (Lipides Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques), UFR Pharmacie-Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - Pierre Leblond
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Joelle Virolle
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Department of Microbiology, Group "Energetic Metabolism of Streptomyces", 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Huang F, Liu X, Liu J, Xie Y, Zhao L, Liu D, Zeng Z, Liu X, Zheng S, Xiao Z. Phosphatidylethanolamine aggravates Angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrosis by triggering ferroptosis in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148410. [PMID: 37288112 PMCID: PMC10242123 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As atrial fibrosis is the main feature of atrial structural remodeling, inhibiting atrial fibrosis is crucial to the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) progression. Research has shown the correlation between abnormal lipid metabolism and AF progression. However, the effect of specific lipids on atrial fibrosis remains unclear. In the present study, we applied ultra-high-performance lipidomics to analyze the lipid profiles in patients with AF and identify phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as the differential lipid associated with AF. To detect the effect of the differential lipid on atrial fibrosis, we performed the intraperitoneal injection of Angiotensin II (Ang II) to mice to induce atrial fibrosis and supplemented PE in diets. We also treated atrial cells with PE to evaluate the cellular effect of PE. We found that PE supplementation aggravated atrial fibrosis and increased the expression of the fibrosis-related protein in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we detected the effect of PE on the atrium. We found that PE increased oxidation products and regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, which could be alleviated by a ferroptosis inhibitor. PE increased peroxidation and mitochondrial damage in vitro, which promoted cardiomyocyte death induced by Ang II. Examination of protein expression in cardiomyocytes indicated that PE triggered ferroptosis and caused cell death to participate in myocardium fibrosis. In summary, our findings demonstrated the differential lipid profiles of AF patients and revealed the potential effect of PE on atrial remodelling, suggesting that inhibition of PE and ferroptosis might serve as a potential therapy to prevent AF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiu Liu
- *Correspondence: Xiu Liu, ; Shaoyi Zheng, ; Zezhou Xiao,
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- *Correspondence: Xiu Liu, ; Shaoyi Zheng, ; Zezhou Xiao,
| | - Zezhou Xiao
- *Correspondence: Xiu Liu, ; Shaoyi Zheng, ; Zezhou Xiao,
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15
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Roney IJ, Rudner DZ. The DedA superfamily member PetA is required for the transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine in bacterial membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301979120. [PMID: 37155911 PMCID: PMC10193950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301979120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sorting of phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane bilayer is a fundamental problem in all organisms. Despite years of investigation, most of the enzymes that catalyze phospholipid reorientation in bacteria remain unknown. Studies from almost half a century ago in Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium revealed that newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is rapidly translocated to the outer leaflet of the bilayer [Rothman & Kennedy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 1821-1825 (1977)] but the identity of the putative PE flippase has eluded discovery. Recently, members of the DedA superfamily have been implicated in flipping the bacterial lipid carrier undecaprenyl phosphate and in scrambling eukaryotic phospholipids in vitro. Here, using the antimicrobial peptide duramycin that targets outward-facing PE, we show that Bacillus subtilis cells lacking the DedA paralog PetA (formerly YbfM) have increased resistance to duramycin. Sensitivity to duramycin is restored by expression of B. subtilis PetA or homologs from other bacteria. Analysis of duramycin-mediated killing upon induction of PE synthesis indicates that PetA is required for efficient PE transport. Finally, using fluorescently labeled duramycin we demonstrate that cells lacking PetA have reduced PE in their outer leaflet compared to wildtype. We conclude that PetA is the long-sought PE transporter. These data combined with bioinformatic analysis of other DedA paralogs argue that the primary role of DedA superfamily members is transporting distinct lipids across the membrane bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Roney
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - David Z. Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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16
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Zhou Y, Zhao J, Yang L, Bi R, Qin Z, Sun P, Li R, Zhao M, Wang Y, Chen G, Wan H, Zheng L, Chen XL, Wang G, Li Q, Li G. Doxorubicin inhibits phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and confers broad-spectrum antifungal activity. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37148193 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As phospholipids of cell membranes, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) play crucial roles in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Broadly, some phospholipid biosynthesis enzymes serve as potential fungicide targets. Therefore, revealing the functions and mechanism of PE biosynthesis in plant pathogens would provide potential targets for crop disease control. We performed analyses including phenotypic characterizations, lipidomics, enzyme activity, site-directed mutagenesis, and chemical inhibition assays to study the function of PS decarboxylase-encoding gene MoPSD2 in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The Mopsd2 mutant was defective in development, lipid metabolism, and plant infection. The PS level increased while PE decreased in Mopsd2, consistent with the enzyme activity. Furthermore, chemical doxorubicin inhibited the enzyme activity of MoPsd2 and showed antifungal activity against 10 phytopathogenic fungi including M. oryzae and reduced disease severity of two crop diseases in the field. Three predicted doxorubicin-interacting residues are important for MoPsd2 functions. Our study demonstrates that MoPsd2 is involved in de novo PE biosynthesis and contributes to the development and plant infection of M. oryzae and that doxorubicin shows broad-spectrum antifungal activity as a fungicide candidate. The study also implicates that bacterium Streptomyces peucetius, which biosynthesizes doxorubicin, could be potentially used as an eco-friendly biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiqing Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziting Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Renjian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hu Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guotian Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, The Center of Crop Nanobiotechnology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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17
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Kim HJ, Zhao J, Walewski JL, Sparrow JR. A High Fat Diet Fosters Elevated Bisretinoids. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104784. [PMID: 37146972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High dietary fat intake is associated with metabolic dysregulation, but little is known regarding the effects of a high fat diet (HFD) on photoreceptor cell functioning. We explored the intersection of a high fat diet (HFD) and the visual cycle adducts that form in photoreceptor cells by non-enzymatic reactions. In black C57BL/6J mice and albino C57BL/6Jc2j mice raised on a high fat diet until age 3, 6 or 12 months, chromatographically quantified bisretinoids were increased relative to mice on a standard diet. In vivo measurement of fundus autofluorescence, the source of which is bisretinoid, also revealed a significant increase in the HFD-mice. Additionally, mice provided with a diet high in fat presented with elevated retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) the protein responsible for transporting retinol in plasma. Vitamin A was elevated in plasma although not in ocular tissue. Bisretinoids form in photoreceptor cell outer segments by random reactions of retinaldehyde with phosphatidylethanolamine. We found that the latter phospholipid was significantly increased in mice fed a HFD versus mice on a control diet. In leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, a genetic model of obesity, plasma levels of Rbp4 protein were higher but bisretinoids in retina were not elevated. Photoreceptor cell viability measured as outer nuclear layer thickness was reduced in the ob/ob mice relative to wild-type. The accelerated formation of bisretinoid we observed in diet induced obese mice is related to the high fat intake and to increased delivery of vitamin A to the visual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W. 165(th) Street, New York NY, 10032
| | - Jin Zhao
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W. 165(th) Street, New York NY, 10032
| | - Jose L Walewski
- Departments of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W. 165(th) Street, New York NY, 10032
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W. 165(th) Street, New York NY, 10032; Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 W. 165(th) Street, New York NY, 10032.
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18
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Choi JY, Lopes L, Ben Mamoun C, Voelker DR. Maturation of the malarial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is mediated by high affinity binding to anionic phospholipids. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104659. [PMID: 36997087 PMCID: PMC10172927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine (PS) to form phosphatidylethanolamine by PS decarboxylases (PSDs) is an essential process in most eukaryotes. Processing of a malarial PSD proenzyme into its active alpha and beta subunits is by an autoendoproteolytic mechanism regulated by anionic phospholipids, with PS serving as an activator and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid acting as inhibitors. The biophysical mechanism underlying this regulation remains unknown. We used solid phase lipid binding, liposome-binding assays, and surface plasmon resonance to examine the binding specificity of a processing-deficient Plasmodium PSD (PkPSDS308A) mutant enzyme and demonstrated that the PSD proenzyme binds strongly to PS and PG but not to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of PkPSD with PS and PG were 80.4 nM and 66.4 nM, respectively. The interaction of PSD with PS is inhibited by calcium, suggesting that the binding mechanism involves ionic interactions. In vitro processing of WT PkPSD proenzyme was also inhibited by calcium, consistent with the conclusion that PS binding to PkPSD through ionic interactions is required for the proenzyme processing. Peptide mapping identified polybasic amino acid motifs in the proenzyme responsible for binding to PS. Altogether, the data demonstrate that malarial PSD maturation is regulated through a strong physical association between PkPSD proenzyme and anionic lipids. Inhibition of the specific interaction between the proenzyme and the lipids can provide a novel mechanism to disrupt PSD enzyme activity, which has been suggested as a target for antimicrobials, and anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Choi
- Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Lopes
- Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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19
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Grapentine S, Singh RK, Bakovic M. Skeletal Muscle Consequences of Phosphatidylethanolamine Synthesis Deficiency. Function (Oxf) 2023; 4:zqad020. [PMID: 37342414 PMCID: PMC10278983 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of phospholipid homeostasis is increasingly being implicated in metabolic health. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the most abundant phospholipid on the inner leaflet of cellular membranes, and we have previously shown that mice with a heterozygous ablation of the PE synthesizing enzyme, Pcyt2 (Pcyt2+/-), develop obesity, insulin resistance, and NASH. Skeletal muscle is a major determinant of systemic energy metabolism, making it a key player in metabolic disease development. Both the total PE levels and the ratio of PE to other membrane lipids in skeletal muscle are implicated in insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms and the role of Pcyt2 regulation in this association remain unclear. Here, we show how reduced phospholipid synthesis due to Pcyt2 deficiency causes Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle exhibits damage and degeneration, with skeletal muscle cell vacuolization, disordered sarcomeres, mitochondria ultrastructure irregularities and paucity, inflammation, and fibrosis. There is intramuscular adipose tissue accumulation, and major disturbances in lipid metabolism with impaired FA mobilization and oxidation, elevated lipogenesis, and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol accumulation. Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle exhibits perturbed glucose metabolism with elevated glycogen content, impaired insulin signaling, and reduced glucose uptake. Together, this study lends insight into the critical role of PE homeostasis in skeletal muscle metabolism and health with broad implications on metabolic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Grapentine
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rathnesh K Singh
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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20
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Negi J, Obata T, Nishimura S, Song B, Yamagaki S, Ono Y, Okabe M, Hoshino N, Fukatsu K, Tabata R, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Yamada M, Hasebe M, Sawa S, Kinoshita T, Nishida I, Iba K. PECT1, a rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movement in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2023. [PMID: 37058128 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis mutant displaying impaired stomatal responses to CO2 , cdi4, was isolated by a leaf thermal imaging screening. The mutated gene PECT1 encodes CTP:phosphorylethanolamine cytidylyltransferase. The cdi4 exhibited a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine levels and a defect in light-induced stomatal opening as well as low-CO2 -induced stomatal opening. We created RNAi lines in which PECT1 was specifically repressed in guard cells. These lines are impaired in their stomatal responses to low-CO2 concentrations or light. Fungal toxin fusicoccin (FC) promotes stomatal opening by activating plasma membrane H+ -ATPases in guard cells via phosphorylation. Arabidopsis H+ -ATPase1 (AHA1) has been reported to be highly expressed in guard cells, and its activation by FC induces stomatal opening. The cdi4 and PECT1 RNAi lines displayed a reduced stomatal opening response to FC. However, similar to in the wild-type, cdi4 maintained normal levels of phosphorylation and activation of the stomatal H+ -ATPases after FC treatment. Furthermore, the cdi4 displayed normal localization of GFP-AHA1 fusion protein and normal levels of AHA1 transcripts. Based on these results, we discuss how PECT1 could regulate CO2 - and light-induced stomatal movements in guard cells in a manner that is independent and downstream of the activation of H+ -ATPases. [Correction added on 15 May 2023, after first online publication: The third sentence is revised in this version.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tomoki Obata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Sakura Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Boseok Song
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Sho Yamagaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Makoto Okabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Natsumi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 338-8570, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohei Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ryo Tabata
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashi Yamada
- Department of Biology and HHMI, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nishida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 338-8570, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
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21
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Sakamaki JI, Mizushima N. Conjugation of the ubiquitin family proteins to phospholipids. Autophagy 2023; 19:1361-1362. [PMID: 36095076 PMCID: PMC10012920 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2123637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of Atg8-family proteins to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is important for autophagosome formation. PE conjugation has been thought to be specific to Atg8 among the ubiquitin-family proteins. However, this dogma has not been experimentally verified. Our recent study revealed that ubiquitin is also conjugated to PE on endosomes and the vacuole (or lysosomes). Other ubiquitin-like proteins, such as NEDD8 and ISG15, also covalently bind to phospholipids. We propose that conjugation to phospholipids could be a common feature of the ubiquitin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sakamaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Bogdanov M. Renovating a double fence with or without notifying the next door and across the street neighbors: why the biogenic cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria display asymmetry? Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:137-150. [PMID: 36960750 PMCID: PMC10725183 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The complex two-membrane organization of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria imposes an unique biosynthetic and topological constraints that can affect translocation of lipids and proteins synthesized on the cytoplasm facing leaflet of the cytoplasmic (inner) membrane (IM), across the IM and between the IM and outer membrane (OM). Balanced growth of two membranes and continuous loss of phospholipids in the periplasmic leaflet of the IM as metabolic precursors for envelope components and for translocation to the OM requires a constant supply of phospholipids in the IM cytosolic leaflet. At present we have no explanation as to why the biogenic E. coli IM displays asymmetry. Lipid asymmetry is largely related to highly entropically disfavored, unequal headgroup and acyl group asymmetries which are usually actively maintained by active mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are largely unknown for bacteria. Alternatively, lipid asymmetry in biogenic IM could be metabolically controlled in order to maintain uniform bilayer growth and asymmetric transmembrane arrangement by balancing temporally the net rates of synthesis and flip-flop, inter IM and OM bidirectional flows and bilayer chemical and physical properties as spontaneous response. Does such flippase-less or 'lipid only", 'passive' mechanism of generation and maintenance of lipid asymmetry exists in the IM? The driving force for IM asymmetry can arise from the packing requirements imposed upon the bilayer system during cell division through disproportional distribution of two negatively curved phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, with consistent reciprocal tendency to increase and decrease lipid order in each membrane leaflet respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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23
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Griebsch LV, Theiss EL, Janitschke D, Erhardt VKJ, Erhardt T, Haas EC, Kuppler KN, Radermacher J, Walzer O, Lauer AA, Matschke V, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW, Grimm HS. Aspartame and Its Metabolites Cause Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial and Lipid Alterations in SH-SY5Y Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061467. [PMID: 36986196 PMCID: PMC10053704 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a worldwide increase in obesity and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, synthetic sweeteners such as aspartame are frequently used to substitute sugar in the diet. Possible uncertainties regarding aspartame's ability to induce oxidative stress, amongst others, has led to the recommendation of a daily maximum dose of 40 to 50 mg per kg. To date, little is known about the effects of this non-nutritive sweetener on cellular lipid homeostasis, which, besides elevated oxidative stress, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, treatment of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with aspartame (271.7 µM) or its three metabolites (aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol (271.7 µM)), generated after digestion of aspartame in the human intestinal tract, resulted in significantly elevated oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial damage, which was illustrated with reduced cardiolipin levels, increased gene expression of SOD1/2, PINK1, and FIS1, and an increase in APF fluorescence. In addition, treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with aspartame or aspartame metabolites led to a significant increase in triacylglycerides and phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, accompanied by an accumulation of lipid droplets inside neuronal cells. Due to these lipid-mediating properties, the use of aspartame as a sugar substitute should be reconsidered and the effects of aspartame on the brain metabolism should be addressed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Erhardt
- Physical Therapy, Campus Karlsruhe, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Walzer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
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24
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Xu H, Li W, Huang L, He X, Xu B, He X, Chen W, Wang Y, Xu W, Wang S, Kong Q, Xu Y, Lu W. Phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase ameliorates mitochondrial function and apoptosis in hepatocytes in T2DM in vitro. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100337. [PMID: 36716821 PMCID: PMC10033998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver function indicators are often impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who present higher concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase than individuals without diabetes. However, the mechanism of liver injury in patients with T2DM has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we performed a lipidomics analysis on the liver of T2DM mice, and we found that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were low in T2DM, along with an increase in diglyceride, which may be due to a decrease in the levels of phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (Pcyt2), thus likely affecting the de novo synthesis of PE. The phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pathway did not change significantly in the T2DM model, although both pathways are critical sources of PE. Supplementation with CDP-ethanolamine (CDP-etn) to increase the production of PE from the CDP-etn pathway reversed high glucose and FFA (HG&FFA)-induced mitochondrial damage including increased apoptosis, decreased ATP synthesis, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased reactive oxygen species, whereas supplementation with lysophosphatidylethanolamine, which can increase PE production in the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase pathway, did not. Additionally, we found that overexpression of PCYT2 significantly ameliorated ATP synthesis and abnormal mitochondrial morphology induced by HG&FFA. Finally, the BAX/Bcl-2/caspase3 apoptosis pathway was activated in hepatocytes of the T2DM model, which could also be reversed by CDP-etn supplements and PCYT2 overexpression. In summary, in the liver of T2DM mice, Pcyt2 reduction may lead to a decrease in the levels of PE, whereas CDP-etn supplementation and PCYT2 overexpression ameliorate partial mitochondrial function and apoptosis in HG&FFA-stimulated L02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bei Xu
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqing He
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wentong Chen
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoxing Wang
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Kong
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Wenjie Lu
- Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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25
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Shama S, Jang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shahin NN, Motawi TK, Kim S, Gawrieh S, Liu W. Phosphatidylethanolamines Are Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Adults and Induce Liver Cell Metabolic Perturbations and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021034. [PMID: 36674549 PMCID: PMC9861886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis roles of phospholipids (PLs) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the role of PLs in the progression of NAFLD among obese individuals via studying the alterations in serum PL composition throughout the spectrum of disease progression and evaluating the effects of specific phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) on FLD development in vitro. A total of 203 obese subjects, who were undergoing bariatric surgery, were included in this study. They were histologically classified into 80 controls (C) with normal liver histology, 93 patients with simple hepatic steatosis (SS), 16 with borderline nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (B-NASH) and 14 with progressive NASH (NASH). Serum PLs were profiled by automated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). HepG2 (hepatoma cells) and LX2 (immortalized hepatic stellate cells or HSCs) were used to explore the roles of PL in NAFLD/NASH development. Several PLs and their relative ratios were significantly associated with NAFLD progression, especially those involving PE. Incubation of HepG2 cells with two phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), PE (34:1) and PE (36:2), resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, reduction of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, induction of lipid accumulation and mitochondrial ROS production. Meanwhile, treatment of LX2 cells with both PEs markedly increased cell activation and migration. These effects were associated with a significant change in the expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Thus, our study demonstrated that elevated level of PEs increases susceptibility to the disease progression of obesity associated NAFLD, likely through a causal cascade of impacts on the function of different liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Shama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Cell-Based Analysis Unit, Reference Laboratory, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nancy Nabil Shahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Tarek Kamal Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.K.M.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-122-313-8667 (T.K.M.); +1-313-577-3375 (W.L.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.M.); (W.L.); Tel.: +20-122-313-8667 (T.K.M.); +1-313-577-3375 (W.L.)
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26
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Blusztajn JK, Slack BE. Accelerated Breakdown of Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine Is a Predominant Brain Metabolic Defect in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1285-1289. [PMID: 37182883 PMCID: PMC10885637 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated defects in multiple metabolic pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD), detected in autopsy brains and in the cerebrospinal fluid in vivo. However, until the advent of techniques capable of measuring thousands of metabolites in a single sample, it has not been possible to rank the relative magnitude of these abnormalities. A recent study provides evidence that the abnormal turnover of the brain's most abundant phospholipids: phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, constitutes a major metabolic pathology in AD. We place this observation in a historical context and discuss the implications of a central role for phospholipid metabolism in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara E Slack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Balazova M, Vesela P, Babelova L, Durisova I, Kanovicova P, Zahumensky J, Malinsky J. Two Different Phospholipases C, Isc1 and Pgc1, Cooperate To Regulate Mitochondrial Function. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0248922. [PMID: 36377885 PMCID: PMC9769635 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02489-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of Isc1, the yeast homologue of mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase type 2, leads to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. We show that the deletion of another type C phospholipase, the phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-specific phospholipase Pgc1, rescues this defect. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels and cytochrome c oxidase activity, which were reduced in isc1Δ cells, were restored to wild-type levels in the pgc1Δ isc1Δ mutant. The Pgc1 substrate PG inhibited the in vitro activities of Isc1 and the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase Psd1, an enzyme crucial for PE biosynthesis. We also identify a mechanism by which the balance between the current demand for PG and its consumption is controlled. We document that the product of PG hydrolysis, diacylglycerol, competes with the substrate of PG-phosphate synthase, Pgs1, and thereby inhibits the biosynthesis of excess PG. This feedback loop does not work in the absence of Pgc1, which catalyzes PG degradation. Finally, Pgc1 activity is partially inhibited by products of Isc1-mediated hydrolysis. The described functional interconnection of the two phospholipases contributes significantly to lipid homeostasis throughout the cellular architecture. IMPORTANCE In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are constantly adapting to changes in the biological activity of the cell, i.e., changes in nutrient availability and environmental stresses. We propose a model in which this adaptation is mediated by lipids. Specifically, we show that mitochondrial phospholipids regulate the biosynthesis of cellular sphingolipids and vice versa. To do this, lipids move by free diffusion, which does not require energy and works under any condition. This model represents a simple way for the cell to coordinate mitochondrial structure and performance with the actual needs of overall cellular metabolism. Its simplicity makes it a universally applicable principle of cellular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balazova
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Vesela
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Babelova
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Durisova
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paulina Kanovicova
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Zahumensky
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malinsky
- Department of Functional Organization of Biomembranes, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
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Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Nunes LG, Urena F, Andrukhiv A, Gerschenson M, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I deficiency in T cells promotes differentiation into tolerant phenotypes while decreasing Th17 pathology. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1387-1397. [PMID: 35916034 PMCID: PMC9701159 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0122-080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) is an ethanolamine phospholipid transferase contributing to cellular metabolism and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. SELENOI knockout (KO) in T cells has been shown to impair metabolic reprogramming during T cell activation and reduce GPI-anchored Thy-1 levels, which are both crucial for Th17 differentiation. This suggests SELENOI may be important for Th17 differentiation, and we found that SELENOI was indeed up-regulated early during the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells in Th17 conditions. SELENOI KO reduced RORγt mRNA levels by decreasing SOX5 and STAT3 binding to promoter and enhancer regions in the RORC gene encoding this master regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into inflammatory versus tolerogenic Th cell subsets was analyzed and results showed that SELENOI deficiency skewed differentiation away from pathogenic Th17 cells (RORγt+ and IL-17A+ ) while promoting tolerogenic phenotypes (Foxp3+ and IL-10+ ). Wild-type and T cell-specific SELENOI KO mice were subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), with KO mice exhibiting diminished clinical symptoms, reduced CNS pathology and decreased T cell infiltration. Flow cytometry showed that SELENOI T cell KO mice exhibited lower CD4+ RORγt+ and CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells and higher CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells in CNS tissues of mice subjected to EAE. Thus, the metabolic enzyme SELENOI is up-regulated to promote RORγt transcription that drives Th17 differentiation, and SELENOI deficiency shifts differentiation toward tolerogenic phenotypes while protecting against pathogenic Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Lance G Nunes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Frank Urena
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Anastasia Andrukhiv
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
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30
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Culler MD, Bayram I, Decker EA. Enzymatic Modification of Lecithin for Improved Antioxidant Activity in Combination with Tocopherol in Emulsions and Bulk Oil. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:13404-13412. [PMID: 36215731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized α-tocopherol can be regenerated by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but current commercial sources of PE are too expensive for use as a food additive. The present study aims to determine the optimal reaction conditions for generating high PE lecithin (MHPEL) enzymatically and to validate the MHPEL's synergism with tocopherol in delaying lipid oxidation in an oil-in-water emulsion system at pH 7 and 4 and in bulk oil. Under optimal conditions of pH 9.0, 37 °C and 4 h, a MHPEL with ∼71.6% PE was obtained from 96% phosphatidylcholine lecithin using phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus. Mixed tocopherols (300 μmol/kg oil) and MHPEL (1500 μmol/kg oil) synergistically increased both the hydroperoxide and hexanal lag phase of lipid oxidation in stripped soybean oil-in-water emulsions at pH 7 by 3 days. At pH 4, this combination increased the hydroperoxide and hexanal lag phases by 3 and 2 days, respectively. The combination of 50 μmol/kg oil α-tocopherol and 1000 μmol/kg oil MHPEL also synergistically increased the hydroperoxide (5 days) and hexanal (4 days) lag phases in stripped bulk soybean oil. This approach represents a potential clean-label antioxidant system that could have commercial applications to decrease food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Culler
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
| | - Ipek Bayram
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
| | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
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31
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Gómez-Mellado VE, Chang JC, Ho-Mok KS, Bernardino Morcillo C, Kersten RHJ, Oude Elferink RPJ, Verhoeven AJ, Paulusma CC. ATP8B1 Deficiency Results in Elevated Mitochondrial Phosphatidylethanolamine Levels and Increased Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Hepatoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012344. [PMID: 36293199 PMCID: PMC9604224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP8B1 is a phospholipid flippase that is deficient in patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC1). PFIC1 patients suffer from severe liver disease but also present with dyslipidemia, including low plasma cholesterol, of yet unknown etiology. Here we show that ATP8B1 knockdown in HepG2 cells leads to a strong increase in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) without a change in glycolysis. The enhanced OXPHOS coincides with elevated low-density lipoprotein receptor protein and increased mitochondrial fragmentation and phosphatidylethanolamine levels. Furthermore, expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of mitochondrial-derived phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine, was reduced in ATP8B1 knockdown cells. We conclude that ATP8B1 deficiency results in elevated mitochondrial PE levels that stimulate mitochondrial OXPHOS. The increased OXPHOS leads to elevated LDLR levels, which provides a possible explanation for the reduced plasma cholesterol levels in PFIC1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E. Gómez-Mellado
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kam S. Ho-Mok
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Bernardino Morcillo
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H. J. Kersten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J. Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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32
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Banskota AH, Jones A, Hui JPM, Stefanova R, Burton IW. Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185856. [PMID: 36144592 PMCID: PMC9503808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar lipids were extracted from residual biomass of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products with EtOH and partitioned into aqueous and chloroform fractions. The chloroform fractions were studied for their lipid composition using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC/HRMS and NMR analyses. The 1H NMR and gravimetric yield of SPE indicated triacylglycerols covered ≥ 51.3% of the chloroform fraction of hemp seed hulls and hemp cake. UHPLC/HRMS analyses of remaining polar lipids led to the identification of nine diacylglycerols (DAGs), six lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), five lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs), eight phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and thirteen phosphatidylcholines (PCs) for the first time from hemp seed hulls. The regiospecificity of fatty acyl substitutes in glycerol backbone of individual phospholipids were assigned by analyzing the diagnostic fragment ions and their intensities. The heat-map analysis suggested that DAG 18:2/18:2, 1-LPC 18:2, 1-LPE 18:2, PE 18:2/18:2, and PC 18:2/18:2 were the predominant molecules within their classes, supported by the fact that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid covering > 41.1% of the total fatty acids determined by GC-FID analysis. The 31P NMR analysis confirmed the identification of phospholipids and suggested PC covers ≥ 37.9% of the total phospholipid present in hemp by-products. HPLC purification led to the isolation of 1,2-dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine and 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine. These two major PCs further confirmed the UHPLC/HRMS finding.
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33
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Raz C, Paramonov MM, Shemesh M, Argov-Argaman N. The milk fat globule size governs a physiological switch for biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:844587. [PMID: 36034896 PMCID: PMC9404525 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.844587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk lipids are organized in the form of milk fat globules (MFG), ranging in size from 0. 1 to 15 μm. The MFG size is closely associated with the composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol and the content of the MFG membrane (MFGM). Also, the MFGM integral proteins and glycoconjugates differ in composition and structure between different MFG size groups. These compositional differences may modulate the functionality of the MFG and its interaction with microbial cells. We report that small (2.3 μm) MFG facilitates the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis whereas induction of biofilm formation was found in the presence of large (7.0 μm) MFG. Attempting to distinguish between the role played by the size from that played by the composition of the MFG, we compared phospholipid composition between treatments. We found that adjusting the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) level to the concentration found in the small MFG, increased growth but suppressed biofilm formation in the presence of large MFG. The same normalization protocol for phosphatidylinositol (PI) or sphingomyeline (SM) did not exert a similar effect, suggesting a specific role for PE in regulating bacteria proliferation. We suggest that the content of MFGM, affected by MFG size, governs the ability of B. subtilis to utilize lipids from milk fat. This process might affect the bacterial decision-making toward biofilm formation or growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Raz
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Margarita Maggie Paramonov
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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34
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Sakamaki JI, Ode KL, Kurikawa Y, Ueda HR, Yamamoto H, Mizushima N. Ubiquitination of phosphatidylethanolamine in organellar membranes. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3677-3692.e11. [PMID: 36044902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The covalent conjugation of ubiquitin family proteins is a widespread post-translational protein modification. In the ubiquitin family, the ATG8 subfamily is exceptional because it is conjugated mainly to phospholipids. However, it remains unknown whether other ubiquitin family proteins are also conjugated to phospholipids. Here, we report that ubiquitin is conjugated to phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), in yeast and mammalian cells. Ubiquitinated PE (Ub-PE) accumulates at endosomes and the vacuole (or lysosomes), and its level increases during starvation. Ub-PE is also found in baculoviruses. In yeast, PE ubiquitination is catalyzed by the canonical ubiquitin system enzymes Uba1 (E1), Ubc4/5 (E2), and Tul1 (E3) and is reversed by Doa4. Liposomes containing Ub-PE recruit the ESCRT components Vps27-Hse1 and Vps23 in vitro. Ubiquitin-like NEDD8 and ISG15 are also conjugated to phospholipids. These findings suggest that the conjugation to membrane phospholipids is not specific to ATG8 but is a general feature of the ubiquitin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Sakamaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji L Ode
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kurikawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Dawczynski C, Plagge J, Jahreis G, Liebisch G, Höring M, Seeliger C, Ecker J. Dietary PUFA Preferably Modify Ethanolamine-Containing Glycerophospholipids of the Human Plasma Lipidome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153055. [PMID: 35893909 PMCID: PMC9332067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in complex lipids essentially influences their physicochemical properties and has been linked to health and disease. To investigate the incorporation of dietary PUFA in the human plasma lipidome, we quantified glycerophospholipids (GPL), sphingolipids, and sterols using electrospray ionization coupled to tandem mass spectrometry of plasma samples obtained from a dietary intervention study. Healthy individuals received foods supplemented with different vegetable oils rich in PUFA. These included sunflower, linseed, echium, and microalgae oil as sources of linoleic acid (LA; FA 18:2 n-6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; FA 18:3 n-3), stearidonic acid (SDA; FA 18:4 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; FA 22:6 n-3). While LA and ALA did not influence the species profiles of GPL, sphingolipid, and cholesteryl ester drastically, SDA and DHA were integrated primarily in ethanolamine-containing GPL. This significantly altered phosphatidylethanolamine and plasmalogen species composition, especially those with 38-40 carbons and 6 double bonds. We speculate that diets enriched with highly unsaturated FA more efficiently alter plasma GPL acyl chain composition than those containing primarily di- and tri-unsaturated FA, most likely because of their more pronounced deviation of FA composition from typical western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Dawczynski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (G.J.)
| | - Johannes Plagge
- Research Group Lipid Metabolism, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (G.J.)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Research Group Lipid Metabolism, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Josef Ecker
- Research Group Lipid Metabolism, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.P.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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36
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Miyata N, Ito T, Nakashima M, Fujii S, Kuge O. Mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis affects mitochondrial energy metabolism and quiescence entry through attenuation of Snf1/AMPK signaling in yeast. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22355. [PMID: 35639425 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101600rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ups2-Mdm35 complex mediates intramitochondrial phosphatidylserine (PS) transport to facilitate mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis. In the present study, we found that ups2∆ yeast showed increased mitochondrial ATP production and enhanced quiescence (G0) entry in the post-diauxic shift phase. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed that the depletion of Ups2 leads to overactivation of the yeast AMPK homolog Snf1. Inactivation of Snf1 by depletion of an Snf1-activating kinase, Sak1 canceled the changes in mitochondrial ATP production and quiescence entry observed in ups2∆ cells. Furthermore, among the factors regulated by Snf1, upregulation of pyruvate carboxylase, Pyc1 and downregulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, Acc1, respectively, were sufficient to increase mitochondrial ATP production and quiescence entry. These results suggested that a normal PE synthesis mediated by Ups2-Mdm35 complex attenuates Snf1/AMPK activity, and that Snf1-mediated regulation of carbon metabolisms has great impacts on mitochondrial energy metabolism and quiescence entry. We also found that depletion of Ups2 together with the cell-cycle regulators Whi5 and Whi7, functional orthologs of the Rb1 tumor suppressor, caused a synthetic growth defect in yeast. Similarly, knockdown of PRELID3b, the human homolog of Ups2, decreased the viability of Rb1-deficient breast cancer cells, suggesting that PRELID3b is a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Non Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyu Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Kuge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tan YR, Nakamura Y. The importance of Arabidopsis PHOSPHOLIPID N-METHYLTRANSFERASE in glycerolipid metabolism and plant growth. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2971-2984. [PMID: 35560202 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major class of phospholipids that are essential for post-embryonic growth in plants. In Arabidopsis, three copies of the phospho-base N-methyltransferase, PMT1, PMT2, and PMT3, are known to account for PC biosynthesis because the triple-knockout mutant is devoid of biosynthesis and shows lethality in post-embryonic but not embryonic growth. Arabidopsis also contains a distinct phospholipid N-methyltransferase (PLMT) that is homologous with yeast and animal PLMT that methylates phospholipids to produce PC. However, the knockout mutant of PLMT does not show morphological phenotypes or decreased PC content, so the role of PLMT remains unclear. Here, we show that PLMT is ubiquitously expressed in different organs and localized at the endoplasmic reticulum, where PC is produced. Overexpression of PLMT in planta increased the content of phospholipids including PC and affected vegetative but not reproductive growth. Although silique lengths were shorter, pollen remained viable and mature seeds were produced. Intriguingly, seed triacylglycerol content was increased with altered fatty acid composition. We conclude that PLMT might be a functional enzyme in PC biosynthesis and play an organ-specific role in developing seeds, where rapid accumulation of triacylglycerol dominates the entire glycerolipid metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rong Tan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Japan
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38
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Defries D, Curtis K, Petkau JC, Shariati-Ievari S, Blewett H, Aliani M. Patterns of Alpha-Linolenic Acid Incorporation into Phospholipids in H4IIE Cells. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109014. [PMID: 35461904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is an 18-carbon essential fatty acid found in plant-based foods and oils. While much attention has been placed on conversion of ALA to long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, alternative routes of ALA metabolism exist and may lead to formation of other bioactive metabolites of ALA. The current study employed a non-targeted metabolomics approach to profile ALA metabolites that are significantly upregulated by ALA treatment. H4IIE hepatoma cells (n=3 samples per time point) were treated with 60 μM ALA or vehicle for 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours. Samples were then extracted with methanol and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We observed selective changes in ALA incorporation into phospholipid classes and subclasses over the 12 hours following ALA treatment. While levels of specific molecular species of ALA-containing phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and lysophospholipids were elevated with ALA treatment, others were not affected. Of the phospholipids that were increased, some [e.g. PC(18:3/18:1), PC(18:3/18:4), PE(18:3/18:2), PE(18:3/18:3)] were elevated almost immediately after exposure to ALA, while others (e.g. PE(18:1/18:3) PA(18:3/22:6), and PA(18:3/18:2)] were not elevated until several hours after ALA treatment. Overall, these results suggest that ALA incorporation into phospholipids is selective and support a metabolic hierarchy for ALA incorporation into specific phospholipids. Given the functionality of phospholipids based on their fatty acid composition, future studies will need to investigate the implications of ALA incorporation into specific phospholipids on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Defries
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Health, University of Winnipeg, 3D09 Duckworth Building, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3B 2E9.
| | - Kayla Curtis
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
| | - Jay C Petkau
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Route 100, Unit 100-101 Morden, Manitoba, Canada, R6M 1Y5
| | - Shiva Shariati-Ievari
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6
| | - Heather Blewett
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6; Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Route 100, Unit 100-101 Morden, Manitoba, Canada, R6M 1Y5
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room 209 Human Ecology Building, 35 Chancellor's Circle, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6; Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders (DND), St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6.
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Fang W, Zhu Y, Yang S, Tong X, Ye C. Reciprocal regulation of phosphatidylcholine synthesis and H3K36 methylation programs metabolic adaptation. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110672. [PMID: 35417718 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid biosynthesis plays a role in mediating membrane-to-histone communication that influences metabolic decisions. Upon nutrient deprivation, phospholipid methylation generates a starvation signal in the form of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) depletion, leading to dynamic changes in histone methylation. Here we show that the SAM-responsive methylation of H3K36 is critical for metabolic adaptation to nutrient starvation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that mutants deficient in H3K36 methylation exhibit defects in membrane integrity and pyrimidine metabolism and lose viability quickly under starvation. Adjusting the synthesis of phospholipids potently rewires metabolic pathways for nucleotide synthesis and boosts the production of antioxidants, ameliorating the defects resulting from the loss of H3K36 methylation. We further demonstrate that H3K36 methylation reciprocally regulates phospholipid synthesis by influencing redox balance. Our study illustrates an adaptive mechanism whereby phospholipid synthesis entails a histone modification to reprogram metabolism for adaptation in a eukaryotic model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Chang KH, Cheng ML, Tang HY, Huang CY, Wu HC, Chen CM. Alterations of Sphingolipid and Phospholipid Pathways and Ornithine Level in the Plasma as Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:395. [PMID: 35159203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain to be investigated. This work aimed to identify blood biomarkers for PD using targeted metabolomics analysis. We quantified the plasma levels of 255 metabolites in 92 PD patients and 60 healthy controls (HC). PD patients were sub-grouped into early (Hoehn–Yahr stage ≤ 2, n = 72) and advanced (Hoehn–Yahr stage > 2, n = 20) stages. Fifty-nine phospholipids, 3 fatty acids, 3 amino acids, and 7 biogenic amines, demonstrated significant alterations in PD patients. Six of them, dihydro sphingomyelin (SM) 24:0, 22:0, 20:0, phosphatidylethanolamine-plasmalogen (PEp) 38:6, and phosphatidylcholine 38:5 and 36:6, demonstrated lowest levels in PD patients in the advanced stage, followed by those in the early stage and HC. By contrast, the level of ornithine was highest in PD patients at the advanced stage, followed by those at the early stage and HC. These biomarker candidates demonstrated significant correlations with scores of motor disability, cognitive dysfunction, depression, and quality of daily life. The support vector machine algorithm using α-synuclein, dihydro SM 24:0, and PEp 38:6 demonstrated good ability to separate PD from HC (AUC: 0.820). This metabolomic analysis demonstrates new plasma biomarker candidates for PD and supports their role in participating PD pathogenesis and monitoring disease progression.
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Zhang S, Hu L, Han C, Huang R, Ooi K, Qian X, Ren X, Chu D, Zhang H, Du D, Xia C. PLIN2 Mediates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress via Downregulating Phosphatidylethanolamine in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Stressed Hypertensive Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6331-6348. [PMID: 34880641 PMCID: PMC8646230 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s329230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation and their intimate interactions mediate sympathetic overactivation in hypertension. An immoderate inflammatory response is characterized not only by elevated proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) but by increases in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). Recent data pinpoint that both the phospholipid and lipid droplets (LDs) are potent modulators of microglia physiology. Methods Stress rats underwent compound stressors for 15 days with PLIN2-siRNA or scrambled-siRNA (SC-siRNA) administrated into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Lipids were analyzed by mass spectroscopy-based quantitative lipidomics. The phenotypes and proliferation of microglia, LDs, in the RVLM of rats were detected; blood pressure (BP) and myocardial injury in rats were evaluated. The anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was explored in cultured primary microglia. Results Lipidomics analysis showed that 75 individual lipids in RVLM were significantly dysregulated by stress [PE was the most one], demonstrating that lipid composition changed with stress. In vitro, prorenin stress induced the accumulation of LDs, increased PICs, which could be blocked by siRNA-PLIN2 in microglia. PLIN2 knockdown upregulated the PE synthesis in microglia. Anti-oxidative/nitrosative stress effect of PE delivery was confirmed by the decrease of ROS and decrease in 3-NT and MDA in prorenin-treated microglia. PLIN2 knockdown in the RVLM blocked the number of iNOS+ and PCNA+ microglia, decreased BP, alleviated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in stressed rats. Conclusion PLIN2 mediates microglial polarization/proliferation via downregulating PE in the RVLM of stressed rats. Delivery of PE is a promising strategy for combating neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhui Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kokwin Ooi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Ren
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechang Chu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze, 274000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshu Du
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Pang D, Huang Z, Li Q, Wang E, Liao S, Li E, Zou Y, Wang W. Antibacterial Mechanism of Cinnamaldehyde: Modulation of Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylglycerol in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:13628-13636. [PMID: 34739242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a natural antimicrobial food preservative. Previous studies have suggested that cinnamaldehyde interacts with the cell membrane, but the molecular targets of cinnamaldehyde action on foodborne pathogens are still unclear. In this study, the structural changes of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cells were observed after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Then, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and parallel reaction monitoring were used for determining the effects of cinnamaldehyde treatment of these bacteria on the expression of genes and proteins associated with glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Changes in fatty acids (raw materials for the biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids) and glycerophospholipids in S. aureus and E. coli after cinnamaldehyde treatment were analyzed to confirm the results of gene and protein expression experiments. Cinnamaldehyde regulated the glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathways of these foodborne pathogens, mainly targeting phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, which resulted in the disruption of cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daorui Pang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Erpei Wang
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla 92037, California, United States
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Erna Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
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Boldyreva LV, Morozova MV, Saydakova SS, Kozhevnikova EN. Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11682. [PMID: 34769112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
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Abstract
High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds. These have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the regulatory effect they have on cellular activity. Over the past few decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have partly revealed that phospholipids regulate salt stress response by participating in salt stress signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the generation and metabolism of phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), as well as the regulatory role each phospholipid plays in the salt stress response. We also discuss the possible regulatory role based on how they act during other cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Han
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62732030
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Broeskamp F, Edrich ESM, Knittelfelder O, Neuhaus L, Meyer T, Heyden J, Habernig L, Kreppel F, Gourlay CW, Rockenfeller P. Porin 1 Modulates Autophagy in Yeast. Cells 2021; 10:2416. [PMID: 34572064 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular recycling program which efficiently reduces the cellular burden of ageing. Autophagy is characterised by nucleation of isolation membranes, which grow in size and further expand to form autophagosomes, engulfing cellular material to be degraded by fusion with lysosomes (vacuole in yeast). Autophagosomal membranes do not bud from a single cell organelle, but are generated de novo. Several lipid sources for autophagosomal membranes have been identified, but the whole process of their generation is complex and not entirely understood. In this study, we investigated how the mitochondrial outer membrane protein porin 1 (Por1), the yeast orthologue of mammalian voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), affects autophagy in yeast. We show that POR1 deficiency reduces the autophagic capacity and leads to changes in vacuole and lipid homeostasis. We further investigated whether limited phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) availability in por1∆ was causative for reduced autophagy by overexpression of the PE-generating phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 1 (Psd1). Altogether, our results show that POR1 deficiency is associated with reduced autophagy, which can be circumvented by additional PSD1 overexpression. This suggests a role for Por1 in Psd1-mediated autophagy regulation.
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Llano DA, Devanarayan V. Serum Phosphatidylethanolamine and Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Levels Differentiate Alzheimer's Disease from Controls and Predict Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:311-319. [PMID: 33523012 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is intense interest in the development of blood-based biomarkers, not only that can differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) from controls, but that can also predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Serum biomarkers carry the potential advantage over imaging or spinal fluid markers both in terms of cost and invasiveness. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to measure the potential for serum lipid markers to differentiate AD from age-matched healthy controls as well as to predict conversion from MCI to AD. METHODS Using a publicly-available dataset, we examined the relationship between baseline serum levels of 349 known lipids from 16 classes of lipids to differentiate disease state as well as to predict the conversion from MCI to AD. RESULTS We observed that several classes of lipids (cholesteroyl ester, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and acylcarnitine) differentiated AD from normal controls. Among these, only two classes, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE), predicted time to conversion from MCI to AD. Low levels of PE and high levels of lyso-PE result in two-fold faster median time to progression from MCI to AD, with hazard ratios 0.62 and 1.34, respectively. CONCLUSION These data suggest that serum PE and lyso-PE may be useful biomarkers for predicting MCI to AD conversion. In addition, since PE is converted to lyso-PE by phospholipase A2, an important inflammatory mediator that is dysregulated in AD, these data suggest that the disrupted serum lipid profile here may be related to an abnormal inflammatory response early in the AD pathologic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Llano
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Viswanath Devanarayan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Milk polar lipids provide choline, ethanolamine, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are needed for the growth and plasticity of the tissues in a suckling child. They may also inhibit cholesterol absorption by interacting with cholesterol during micelle formation. They may also have beneficial luminal, mucosal, and metabolic effects in both the neonate and the adult. The milk fat globule membrane contains large proportions of sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and some phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and glycosphingolipids. Large-scale technical procedures are available for the enrichment of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in milk replacement formulations and food additives. Pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and mucosal phospholipase B digest glycero-phospholipids in the adult. In the neonate, where these enzymes may be poorly expressed, pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 probably has a more important role. Mucosal alkaline SM-ase and ceramidase catalyze the digestion of SM in both the neonate and the adult. In the mucosa, the sphingosine is converted into sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is both an intermediate in the conversion to palmitic acid and a signaling molecule. This reaction sequence also generates ethanolamine. Here, we summarize the pathways by which digestion and absorption may be linked to the biological effects of milk polar lipids. In addition to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption and the generation of lipid signals in the gut, the utilization of absorbed choline and ethanolamine for mucosal and hepatic phospholipid synthesis and the acylation of absorbed lyso-PC with polyunsaturated fatty acids to chylomicron and mucosal phospholipids are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Nilsson
- Division of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rui-Dong Duan
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Division of Medicine, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kurokin I, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Winkler J, Theiss EL, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Matschke V, van der Laan M, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Targeted Lipidomics of Mitochondria in a Cellular Alzheimer's Disease Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081062. [PMID: 34440266 PMCID: PMC8393816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques derived from amyloidogenic processing of a precursor protein (APP). Recently, changes in mitochondrial function have become in the focus of the disease. Whereas a link between AD and lipid-homeostasis exists, little is known about potential alterations in the lipid composition of mitochondria. Here, we investigate potential changes in the main mitochondrial phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and the corresponding plasmalogens and lyso-phospholipids of a cellular AD-model (SH-SY5Y APPswedish transfected cells), comparing these results with changes in cell-homogenates. Targeted shotgun-lipidomics revealed lipid alterations to be specific for mitochondria and cannot be predicted from total cell analysis. In particular, lipids containing three and four times unsaturated fatty acids (FA X:4), such as arachidonic-acid, are increased, whereas FA X:6 or X:5, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are decreased. Additionally, PE plasmalogens are increased in contrast to homogenates. Results were confirmed in another cellular AD model, having a lower affinity to amyloidogenic APP processing. Besides several similarities, differences in particular in PE species exist, demonstrating that differences in APP processing might lead to specific changes in lipid homeostasis in mitochondria. Importantly, the observed lipid alterations are accompanied by changes in the carnitine carrier system, also suggesting an altered mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurokin
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling PZMS, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Li-Beisson Y, Kong F, Wang P, Lee Y, Kang BH. The disassembly of lipid droplets in Chlamydomonas. New Phytol 2021; 231:1359-1364. [PMID: 34028037 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and specialized organelles in eukaryotic cells. Consisting of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a monolayer of membrane lipids, LDs are decorated with proteins and have myriad functions, from carbon/energy storage to membrane lipid remodeling and signal transduction. The biogenesis and turnover of LDs are therefore tightly coordinated with cellular metabolic needs in a fluctuating environment. Lipid droplet turnover requires remodeling of the protein coat, lipolysis, autophagy and fatty acid β-oxidation. Several key components of these processes have been identified in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), including the major lipid droplet protein, a CXC-domain containing regulatory protein, the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding DTH1 (DELAYED IN TAG HYDROLYSIS1), two lipases and two enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Here, we review LD turnover and discuss its physiological significance in Chlamydomonas, a major model green microalga in research on algal oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Aix-Marseille Univ, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, 13108, France
| | - Fantao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Geiger O, Sohlenkamp C, Vera-Cruz D, Medeot DB, Martínez-Aguilar L, Sahonero-Canavesi DX, Weidner S, Pühler A, López-Lara IM. ExoS/ChvI Two-Component Signal-Transduction System Activated in the Absence of Bacterial Phosphatidylcholine. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:678976. [PMID: 34367203 PMCID: PMC8343143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti contains the negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin as well as the zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) as major membrane phospholipids. In previous studies we had isolated S. meliloti mutants that lack PE or PC. Although mutants deficient in PE are able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on alfalfa host plants, mutants lacking PC cannot sustain development of any nodules on host roots. Transcript profiles of mutants unable to form PE or PC are distinct; they differ from each other and they are different from the wild type profile. For example, a PC-deficient mutant of S. meliloti shows an increase of transcripts that encode enzymes required for succinoglycan biosynthesis and a decrease of transcripts required for flagellum formation. Indeed, a PC-deficient mutant is unable to swim and overproduces succinoglycan. Some suppressor mutants, that regain swimming and form normal levels of succinoglycan, are altered in the ExoS sensor. Our findings suggest that the lack of PC in the sinorhizobial membrane activates the ExoS/ChvI two-component regulatory system. ExoS/ChvI constitute a molecular switch in S. meliloti for changing from a free-living to a symbiotic life style. The periplasmic repressor protein ExoR controls ExoS/ChvI function and it is thought that proteolytic ExoR degradation would relieve repression of ExoS/ChvI thereby switching on this system. However, as ExoR levels are similar in wild type, PC-deficient mutant and suppressor mutants, we propose that lack of PC in the bacterial membrane provokes directly a conformational change of the ExoS sensor and thereby activation of the ExoS/ChvI two-component system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Christian Sohlenkamp
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Diana Vera-Cruz
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Daniela B. Medeot
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Stefan Weidner
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Isabel M. López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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