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Obermann R, Yemane B, Jarvis C, Franco FM, Kyriukha Y, Nolan W, Gohara B, Krezel AM, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Small Molecule Antagonists of the DNA Repair ERCC1/XPA Protein-Protein Interaction. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300648. [PMID: 38300970 PMCID: PMC11031295 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The DNA excision repair protein ERCC1 and the DNA damage sensor protein, XPA are highly overexpressed in patient samples of cisplatin-resistant solid tumors including lung, bladder, ovarian, and testicular cancer. The repair of cisplatin-DNA crosslinks is dependent upon nucleotide excision repair (NER) that is modulated by protein-protein binding interactions of ERCC1, the endonuclease, XPF, and XPA. Thus, inhibition of their function is a potential therapeutic strategy for the selective sensitization of tumors to DNA-damaging platinum-based cancer therapy. Here, we report on new small-molecule antagonists of the ERCC1/XPA protein-protein interaction (PPI) discovered using a high-throughput competitive fluorescence polarization binding assay. We discovered a unique structural class of thiopyridine-3-carbonitrile PPI antagonists that block a truncated XPA polypeptide from binding to ERCC1. Preliminary hit-to-lead studies from compound 1 reveal structure-activity relationships (SAR) and identify lead compound 27 o with an EC50 of 4.7 μM. Furthermore, chemical shift perturbation mapping by NMR confirms that 1 binds within the same site as the truncated XPA67-80 peptide. These novel ERCC1 antagonists are useful chemical biology tools for investigating DNA damage repair pathways and provide a good starting point for medicinal chemistry optimization as therapeutics for sensitizing tumors to DNA damaging agents and overcoming resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cassie Jarvis
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Francisco M. Franco
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Yevhenii Kyriukha
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - William Nolan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Beth Gohara
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrzej M. Krezel
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - James W. Janetka
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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2
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Boon ACM, Bricker TL, Fritch EJ, Leist SR, Gully K, Baric RS, Graham RL, Troan BV, Mahoney M, Janetka JW. Efficacy of host cell serine protease inhibitor MM3122 against SARS-CoV-2 for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. J Virol 2024:e0190323. [PMID: 38593045 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01903-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel class of peptidomimetic inhibitors targeting several host cell human serine proteases, including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), matriptase, and hepsin. TMPRSS2 is a membrane-associated protease that is highly expressed in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and is utilized by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses to proteolytically process their glycoproteins, enabling host cell entry, replication, and dissemination of new virus particles. We have previously shown that compound MM3122 exhibited subnanomolar potency against all three proteases and displayed potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell viability assay. Herein, we demonstrate that MM3122 potently inhibits viral replication in human lung epithelial cells and is also effective against the EG.5.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we evaluated MM3122 in a mouse model of COVID-19 and demonstrated that MM3122 administered intraperitoneally (IP) before (prophylactic) or after (therapeutic) SARS-CoV-2 infection had significant protective effects against weight loss and lung congestion and reduced pathology. Amelioration of COVID-19 disease was associated with a reduction in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prophylactic, but not therapeutic, administration of MM3122 also reduced virus titers in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Therefore, MM3122 is a promising lead candidate small-molecule drug for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging RNA coronaviruses are a present and future threat in causing widespread endemic and pandemic infection and disease. In this paper, we have shown that the novel host cell protease inhibitor, MM3122, blocks SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and is efficacious as both a prophylactic and a therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19 given intraperitoneally in mice. Targeting host proteins and pathways in antiviral therapy is an underexplored area of research, but this approach promises to avoid drug resistance by the virus, which is common in current antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Traci L Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ethan J Fritch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kendra Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel L Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Maddirala AR, Tamadonfar K, Pinkner JS, Sanick D, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable FmlH Lectin Antagonists as Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3668-3678. [PMID: 38308631 PMCID: PMC10994195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
FmlH, a bacterial adhesin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), has been shown to provide a fitness advantage in colonizing the bladder during chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Previously reported ortho-biphenyl glycosides based on βGal and βGalNAc have excellent binding affinity to FmlH and potently block binding to its natural carbohydrate receptor, but they lack oral bioavailability. In this paper, we outline studies where we have optimized compounds for improved pharmacokinetics, leading to the discovery of novel analogues with good oral bioavailability. We synthesized galactosides with the anomeric O-linker replaced with more stable S- and C-linked linkers. We also investigated modifications to the GalNAc sugar and modifications to the biphenyl aglycone. We identified GalNAc 69 with an IC50 of 0.19 μM against FmlH and 53% oral bioavailability in mice. We also obtained a FimlH-bound X-ray structure of lead compound 69 (AM4085) which has potential as a new antivirulence therapeutic for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Tamadonfar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Denise Sanick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Damalanka VC, Banas V, De Bona P, Kashipathy MM, Battaile K, Lovell S, Janetka JW. Mechanism-Based Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38477709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Protease inhibitor drug discovery is challenged by the lack of cellular and oral permeability, selectivity, metabolic stability, and rapid clearance of peptides. Here, we describe the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of peptidomimetic side-chain-cyclized macrocycles which we converted into covalent serine protease inhibitors with the addition of an electrophilic ketone warhead. We have identified potent and selective inhibitors of TMPRSS2, matriptase, hepsin, and HGFA and demonstrated their improved protease selectivity, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. We obtained an X-ray crystal structure of phenyl ether-cyclized tripeptide VD4162 (8b) bound to matriptase, revealing an unexpected binding conformation. Cyclic biphenyl ether VD5123 (11) displayed the best PK properties in mice with a half-life of 4.5 h and compound exposure beyond 24 h. These new cyclic tripeptide scaffolds can be used as easily modifiable templates providing a new strategy to overcoming the obstacles presented by linear acyclic peptides in protease inhibitor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Victoria Banas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Paolo De Bona
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Maithri M Kashipathy
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Kevin Battaile
- New York Structural Biology Center, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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5
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Boon ACM, L Bricker T, Fritch EJ, Leist SR, Gully K, Baric RS, Graham RL, Troan BV, Mahoney M, Janetka JW. Efficacy of Host Cell Serine Protease Inhibitor MM3122 against SARS-CoV-2 for Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.09.579701. [PMID: 38405752 PMCID: PMC10888838 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a novel class of peptidomimetic inhibitors targeting several host cell human serine proteases including transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), matriptase and hepsin. TMPRSS2 is a membrane associated protease which is highly expressed in the upper and lower respiratory tract and is utilized by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses to proteolytically process their glycoproteins, enabling host cell receptor binding, entry, replication, and dissemination of new virion particles. We have previously shown that compound MM3122 exhibited sub nanomolar potency against all three proteases and displayed potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell-viability assay. Herein, we demonstrate that MM3122 potently inhibits viral replication in human lung epithelial cells and is also effective against the EG.5.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Further, we have evaluated MM3122 in a mouse model of COVID-19 and have demonstrated that MM3122 administered intraperitoneally (IP) before (prophylactic) or after (therapeutic) SARS-CoV-2 infection had significant protective effects against weight loss and lung congestion, and reduced pathology. Amelioration of COVID-19 disease was associated with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Prophylactic, but not therapeutic, administration of MM3122 also reduced virus titers in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. Therefore, MM3122 is a promising lead candidate small molecule drug for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging RNA coronaviruses are a present and future threat in causing widespread endemic and pandemic infection and disease. In this paper, we have shown that the novel host-cell protease inhibitor, MM3122, blocks SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and is efficacious as both a prophylactic and therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in mice. Targeting host proteins and pathways in antiviral therapy is an underexplored area of research but this approach promises to avoid drug resistance by the virus, which is common in current antiviral treatments.
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6
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Jones VT, Graves-Deal R, Cao Z, Bogatcheva G, Ramirez MA, Harmych SJ, Higginbotham JN, Sharma V, Damalanka VC, Wahoski CC, Joshi N, Irudayam MJ, Roland JT, Ayers GD, Liu Q, Coffey RJ, Janetka JW, Singh B. Inhibition of autocrine HGF maturation overcomes cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:28. [PMID: 38212428 PMCID: PMC10784391 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Although amplifications and mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) act as bona fide oncogenes, in most cancers, RTKs maintain moderate expression and remain wild-type. Consequently, cognate ligands control many facets of tumorigenesis, including resistance to anti-RTK therapies. Herein, we show that the ligands for the RTKs MET and RON, HGF and HGFL, respectively, are synthesized as inactive precursors that are activated by cellular proteases. Our newly generated HGF/HGFL protease inhibitors could overcome both de novo and acquired cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Conversely, HGF overexpression was necessary and sufficient to induce cetuximab resistance and loss of polarity. Moreover, HGF-induced cetuximab resistance could be overcome by the downstream MET inhibitor, crizotinib, and upstream protease inhibitors. Additionally, HAI-1, an endogenous inhibitor of HGF proteases, (i) was downregulated in CRC, (ii) exhibited increased genomic methylation that correlated with poor prognosis, (iii) HAI-1 expression correlated with cetuximab response in a panel of cancer cell lines, and (iv) exogenous addition of recombinant HAI-1 overcame cetuximab resistance in CC-HGF cells. Thus, we describe a targetable, autocrine HAI-1/Protease/HGF/MET axis in cetuximab resistance in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Truong Jones
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Galina Bogatcheva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Marisol A Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sarah J Harmych
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Claudia C Wahoski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Neeraj Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Maria Johnson Irudayam
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
| | - Joseph T Roland
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 10465J, MRB IV, 2213 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0441, USA.
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Graves-Deal R, Jones VT, Bogatcheva GT, Cao Z, Harmych SJ, Damalanka V, Klampfer L, Coffey RJ, Janetka JW, Singh B. Abstract PR010: Inhibition of HGF maturation overcomes cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.crc22-pr010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously identified that activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), MET and RON contributed to resistance to the EGF receptor (EGFR)-directed therapeutic antibody, cetuximab. These findings originated from our in vitro 3D type I collagen cultures of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCA-7 derivatives CC, SC, and CC-CR. CC are sensitive to cetuximab, while SC and CC-CR are resistant. Both de novo and acquired modes of cetuximab resistance in SC and CC-CR, respectively, could be overcome by crizotinib, a multi-RTK inhibitor that also targets MET and RON. Conversely, exogenous administration of MET ligand, HGF could transiently induce cetuximab resistance which could be further overcome by crizotinib addition. HGF/HGFL are synthesized as inactive precursors and require cleavage by proteases (HGFA, Matriptase, and Hepsin) to be biologically active. To inhibit HGF/HGFL cleavage in cetuximab-resistant cells, we employed inhibitors of HGF/HGFL proteases (ZFH7116 and VD2173) and were able to overcome both de novo and acquired cetuximab resistance. A survey of TCGA datasets indicated that HGF/HGFL were overexpressed in several CRC CMS subtypes. We next expressed human HGF in cetuximab-sensitive CC cells and observed that HGF overexpression imparts cetuximab resistance. Moreover, cetuximab resistance induced by HGF overexpression could be overcome by the downstream MET inhibition (with crizotinib), and we are now testing if the upstream inhibition of HGF proteases (with ZFH7116/VD2173) also overcomes cetuximab resistance. Combined these results indicate that inhibition of HGF cleavage and maturation may be a novel way to overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in CRC.
Citation Format: Ramona Graves-Deal, Vivian T. Jones, Galina T. Bogatcheva, Zheng Cao, Sarah J. Harmych, Vishnu Damalanka, Lidija Klampfer, Robert J. Coffey, James W. Janetka, Bhuminder Singh. Inhibition of HGF maturation overcomes cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer; 2022 Oct 1-4; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_1):Abstract nr PR010.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zheng Cao
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
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Damalanka VC, Voss JJLP, Mahoney MW, Primeau T, Li S, Klampfer L, Janetka JW. Macrocyclic Inhibitors of HGF-Activating Serine Proteases Overcome Resistance to Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Block Lung Cancer Progression. J Med Chem 2021; 64:18158-18174. [PMID: 34902246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the ligand for the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, is a tumor-promoting factor that is abundant in the tumor microenvironment. Proteolytic activation of inactive pro-HGF by one or more of the serine endopeptidases matriptase, hepsin, and HGF activator is the rate-limiting step in HGF/MET signaling. Herein, we have rationally designed a novel class of side chain cyclized macrocyclic peptide inhibitors. The new series of cyclic tripeptides has superior metabolic stability and significantly improved pharmacokinetics in mice relative to the corresponding linear peptides. We identified the lead compound VD2173 that potently inhibits matriptase and hepsin, which was tested in parallel alongside the acyclic inhibitor ZFH7116 using both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer. We demonstrated that both compounds block pro-HGF activation, abrogate HGF-mediated wound healing, and overcome resistance to EGFR- and MET-targeted therapy in lung cancer models. Furthermore, VD2173 inhibited HGF-dependent growth of lung cancer tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jorine J L P Voss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Matthew W Mahoney
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Tina Primeau
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
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9
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Mahoney M, Damalanka VC, Tartell MA, Chung DH, Lourenço AL, Pwee D, Mayer Bridwell AE, Hoffmann M, Voss J, Karmakar P, Azouz NP, Klingler AM, Rothlauf PW, Thompson CE, Lee M, Klampfer L, Stallings CL, Rothenberg ME, Pöhlmann S, Whelan SPJ, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS, Janetka JW. A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108728118. [PMID: 34635581 PMCID: PMC8694051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108728118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host cell serine protease TMPRSS2 is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19 drug discovery. This protease activates the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of other coronaviruses and is essential for viral spread in the lung. Utilizing rational structure-based drug design (SBDD) coupled to substrate specificity screening of TMPRSS2, we have discovered covalent small-molecule ketobenzothiazole (kbt) TMPRSS2 inhibitors which are structurally distinct from and have significantly improved activity over the existing known inhibitors Camostat and Nafamostat. Lead compound MM3122 (4) has an IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 340 pM against recombinant full-length TMPRSS2 protein, an EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) of 430 pM in blocking host cell entry into Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells of a newly developed VSV-SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus, and an EC50 of 74 nM in inhibiting cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus in Calu-3 cells. Further, MM3122 blocks Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cell entry with an EC50 of 870 pM. MM3122 has excellent metabolic stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics in mice, with a half-life of 8.6 h in plasma and 7.5 h in lung tissue, making it suitable for in vivo efficacy evaluation and a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, MO 63108
| | - Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael A Tartell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dong Hee Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - André Luiz Lourenço
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Dustin Pwee
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Anne E Mayer Bridwell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jorine Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Andrea M Klingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Cassandra E Thompson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Melody Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110;
- ProteXase Therapeutics, Inc., Saint Louis, MO 63108
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10
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Graves-Deal R, Bogatcheva G, Damalanka V, Klampfer L, Janetka JW, Coffey RJ, Singh B. Abstract 1084: Targeting MET and RON to overcome cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using a novel 3D culture system, we previously showed that activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) MET and RON contributed to cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. CC derived from HCA-7 cells were sensitive to cetuximab, whereas similarly derived SC were resistant; we also generated cetuximab-resistant (CC-CR) upon prolonged exposure of CC to cetuximab. Both de novo and acquired modes of cetuximab resistance in SC and CC-CR, respectively, could be overcome by crizotinib, a multi-RTK inhibitor that also targets MET and RON. Moreover, MET and RON ligands, HGF and HGFL, respectively are synthesized as inactive precursors and require cleavage by proteases (HGFA, Matriptase, and Hepsin) to be biologically active. Herein, to inhibit HGF/HGFL cleavage in cetuximab-resistant cells, we employed inhibitors of proteases of HGF/HGFL (ZFH7116 and VD2173) and were able to overcome both de novo and acquired cetuximab resistance. We are now in the process of engineering cetuximab-sensitive CC cells to overexpress HGF or HGFL to test if ligand overexpression imparts cetuximab resistance and if this resistance can be overcome by inhibition of HGF/HGFL proteases and/or by crizotinib. To understand the broader significance of these resistance mechanisms, we have identified a set of KRAS wild-type human CRC patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) that show increased MET/RON phosphorylation. A comparative RNA-seq analysis showed that PDXs with high pMET/pRON levels could be segregated from PDXs with low pMET/pRON levels. Differential response of these PDXs and their organoid (PDO) derivatives for cetuximab resistance and response to crizotinib addition based on their pMET/pRON levels will be presented.
Citation Format: Ramona Graves-Deal, Galina Bogatcheva, Vishnu Damalanka, Lidija Klampfer, James W. Janetka, Robert J. Coffey, Bhuminder Singh. Targeting MET and RON to overcome cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1084.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vishnu Damalanka
- 2Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - James W. Janetka
- 2Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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11
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Mahoney M, Damalanka VC, Tartell MA, Chung DH, Lourenco AL, Pwee D, Mayer Bridwell AE, Hoffmann M, Voss J, Karmakar P, Azouz N, Klingler AM, Rothlauf PW, Thompson CE, Lee M, Klampfer L, Stallings C, Rothenberg ME, Pöhlmann S, Whelan SP, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS, Janetka JW. A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.06.442935. [PMID: 34131661 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.18.456894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The host cell serine protease TMPRSS2 is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19 drug discovery. This protease activates the Spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of other coronaviruses and is essential for viral spread in the lung. Utilizing rational structure-based drug design (SBDD) coupled to substrate specificity screening of TMPRSS2, we have discovered a novel class of small molecule ketobenzothiazole TMPRSS2 inhibitors with significantly improved activity over existing irreversible inhibitors Camostat and Nafamostat. Lead compound MM3122 ( 4 ) has an IC 50 of 340 pM against recombinant full-length TMPRSS2 protein, an EC 50 of 430 pM in blocking host cell entry into Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells of a newly developed VSV SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus, and an EC 50 of 74 nM in inhibiting cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus in Calu-3 cells. Further, MM3122 blocks Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cell entry with an EC 50 of 870 pM. MM3122 has excellent metabolic stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics in mice with a half-life of 8.6 hours in plasma and 7.5 h in lung tissue, making it suitable for in vivo efficacy evaluation and a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
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12
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Mahoney M, Damalanka VC, Tartell MA, Chung DH, Lourenco AL, Pwee D, Mayer Bridwell AE, Hoffmann M, Voss J, Karmakar P, Azouz N, Klingler AM, Rothlauf PW, Thompson CE, Lee M, Klampfer L, Stallings C, Rothenberg ME, Pöhlmann S, Whelan SP, O'Donoghue AJ, Craik CS, Janetka JW. A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34131661 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.06.442935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The host cell serine protease TMPRSS2 is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19 drug discovery. This protease activates the Spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of other coronaviruses and is essential for viral spread in the lung. Utilizing rational structure-based drug design (SBDD) coupled to substrate specificity screening of TMPRSS2, we have discovered a novel class of small molecule ketobenzothiazole TMPRSS2 inhibitors with significantly improved activity over existing irreversible inhibitors Camostat and Nafamostat. Lead compound MM3122 ( 4 ) has an IC 50 of 340 pM against recombinant full-length TMPRSS2 protein, an EC 50 of 430 pM in blocking host cell entry into Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells of a newly developed VSV SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus, and an EC 50 of 74 nM in inhibiting cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus in Calu-3 cells. Further, MM3122 blocks Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cell entry with an EC 50 of 870 pM. MM3122 has excellent metabolic stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics in mice with a half-life of 8.6 hours in plasma and 7.5 h in lung tissue, making it suitable for in vivo efficacy evaluation and a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
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13
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Damalanka VC, Maddirala AR, Janetka JW. Novel approaches to glycomimetic design: development of small molecular weight lectin antagonists. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:513-536. [PMID: 33337918 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1857721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The direct binding of carbohydrates or those presented on glycoproteins or glycolipids to proteins is the primary effector of many biological responses. One class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins are important in all forms of life. Their functions in animals include regulating cell adhesion, glycoprotein synthesis, metabolism, and mediating immune system response while in bacteria and viruses a lectin-mediated carbohydrate-protein interaction between host cells and the pathogen initiates pathogenesis of the infection.Areas covered: In this review, the authors outline the structural and functional pathogenesis of lectins from bacteria, amoeba, and humans. Mimics of a carbohydrate are referred to as glycomimetics, which are much smaller in molecular weight and are devised to mimic the key binding interactions of the carbohydrate while also allowing additional contacts with the lectin. This article emphasizes the various approaches used over the past 10-15 years in the rational design of glycomimetic ligands.Expert opinion: Medicinal chemistry efforts enabled by X-ray structural biology have identified small-molecule glycomimetic lectin antagonists that have entered or are nearing clinical trials. A common theme in these strategies is the use of biaryl ring systems to emulate the carbohydrate interactions with the lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| | - Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
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14
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McLellan LK, McAllaster MR, Kim AS, Tóthová Ľ, Olson PD, Pinkner JS, Daugherty AL, Hreha TN, Janetka JW, Fremont DH, Hultgren SJ, Virgin HW, Hunstad DA. A host receptor enables type 1 pilus-mediated pathogenesis of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009314. [PMID: 33513212 PMCID: PMC7875428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 pili have long been considered the major virulence factor enabling colonization of the urinary bladder by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis is less well characterized, due to previous limitations in preclinical modeling of kidney infection. Here, we demonstrate in a recently developed mouse model that beyond bladder infection, type 1 pili also are critical for establishment of ascending pyelonephritis. Bacterial mutants lacking the type 1 pilus adhesin (FimH) were unable to establish kidney infection in male C3H/HeN mice. We developed an in vitro model of FimH-dependent UPEC binding to renal collecting duct cells, and performed a CRISPR screen in these cells, identifying desmoglein-2 as a primary renal epithelial receptor for FimH. The mannosylated extracellular domain of human DSG2 bound directly to the lectin domain of FimH in vitro, and introduction of a mutation in the FimH mannose-binding pocket abolished binding to DSG2. In infected C3H/HeN mice, type 1-piliated UPEC and Dsg2 were co-localized within collecting ducts, and administration of mannoside FIM1033, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of FimH, significantly attenuated bacterial loads in pyelonephritis. Our results broaden the biological importance of FimH, specify the first renal FimH receptor, and indicate that FimH-targeted therapeutics will also have application in pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. While much has been discovered about how E. coli cause bladder infections, less is known about the host-pathogen interactions that underlie kidney infection (pyelonephritis). We employed recently developed mouse models to show that bacterial surface fibers called type 1 pili, which bear the adhesive protein FimH and are known to mediate E. coli binding to bladder epithelium, are also required for ascending kidney infection. We developed a cell-culture model of bacterial binding to renal collecting duct, then performed a screen using the gene-editing tool CRISPR to identify the first known FimH receptor in the kidney. This epithelial cell-surface protein, desmoglein-2, was shown to directly bind FimH, and we localized this binding to specific extracellular domains of DSG2. Further, we showed that mannosides, small-molecule FimH inhibitors currently in development to treat bladder infection, are also effective in experimental kidney infection. Our study reveals a novel host-pathogen interaction during pyelonephritis and demonstrates how this interaction may be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael R. McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Allyssa L. Daugherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Teri N. Hreha
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Graves-Deal R, Bogatcheva G, Damalanka V, Klampfer L, Janetka JW, Coffey RJ, Singh B. Abstract 3451: Non-genetic RTK-mediated cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer offers multiple targets for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using 3D type I collagen cultures of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCA-7 derivatives (CC, SC, CC-CR), we previously identified that activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) MET and RON contributed to resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, cetuximab. CC cells are sensitive to cetuximab, while SC and CC-CR cells are resistant in 3D. Both de novo and acquired modes of cetuximab resistance in SC and CC-CR, respectively, could be overcome by crizotinib, a multi-RTK inhibitor that also targets MET and RON. In fact, we now show that the cetuximab/crizotinib combination leads to synergistic growth inhibition in both SC and CC-CR. In addition to steady-state upregulation of MET and RON phosphorylation in SC cells, we also observe upregulation of ERBB3 phosphorylation after cetuximab addition, indicating a need for monitoring RTK activity during treatment. We have also identified a set of KRAS wild-type human CRC patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) that show increased MET/RON phosphorylation. As noted previously, addition of the MET ligand (HGF) and ERBB3 ligand (NRG1) induced cetuximab resistance in CC cells and HGF-induced cetuximab resistance was overcome by crizotinib addition. We now show that MET/RON-dependent cetuximab resistance is due to autocrine production of their cognate ligands HGF/HGFL, respectively. For these studies, we employed selective inhibitors of the proteases (HGFA, Matriptase, and Hepsin) that mediate processing and maturation of HGF/HGFL; these inhibitors (ZFH7116 and VD2173) were able to overcome cetuximab resistance in SC and CC-CR cells. Thus, RTK ligand processing is an additional therapeutic target to counter cetuximab resistance in CRC.
Citation Format: Ramona Graves-Deal, Galina Bogatcheva, Vishnu Damalanka, Lidija Klampfer, James W. Janetka, Robert J. Coffey, Bhuminder Singh. Non-genetic RTK-mediated cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer offers multiple targets for therapeutic intervention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3451.
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16
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Janetka JW, Hopper AT, Yang Z, Barks J, Dhason MS, Wang Q, Sibley LD. Optimizing Pyrazolopyrimidine Inhibitors of Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 1 for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6144-6163. [PMID: 32420739 PMCID: PMC7325724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) is an essential Ser/Thr kinase that controls invasion and egress by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The Gly gatekeeper of CDPK1 makes it exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by small molecule 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine (PP) compounds that are bulky ATP mimetics. Here we rationally designed, synthesized, and tested a series of novel PP analogs that were evaluated for inhibition of CDPK1 enzyme activity in vitro and parasite growth in cell culture. Optimal substitution on the PP scaffold included 2-pyridyl ethers directed into the hydrophobic pocket and small carbocyclic rings accessing the ribose-binding pocket. Further optimization of the series led to identification of the lead compound 3a that displayed excellent potency, selectivity, safety profile, and efficacy in vivo. The results of these studies provide a foundation for further work to optimize CDPK1 inhibitors for the treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. MO 63110
| | | | - Ziping Yang
- Vyera Pharmaceuticals, 600 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jennifer Barks
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. MO 63110
| | - Mary Savari Dhason
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. MO 63110
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. MO 63110
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. MO 63110
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17
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Yang B, Hird AW, Bodnarchuk MS, Zheng X, Dakin L, Su Q, Daly K, Godin R, Hattersley MM, Brassil P, Redmond S, John Russell D, Janetka JW. Heteroarylamide smoothened inhibitors: Discovery of N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(1-methylimidazol-4-yl)phenyl]-4-(2-pyridylmethoxy)benzamide (AZD8542) and N-[5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl]-4-(2- pyridylmethoxy)benzamide (AZD7254). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115227. [PMID: 31862310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hedgehog (Hh) pathway signaling is implicated in multiple cancer types and targeting the Smoothened (SMO) receptor, a key protein of the Hh pathway, has proven effective in treating metastasized basal cell carcinoma. Our lead optimization effort focused on a series of heteroarylamides. We observed that a methyl substitution ortho to the heteroaryl groups on an aniline core significantly improved the potency of this series of compounds. These findings predated the availability of SMO crystal structure in 2013. Here we retrospectively applied quantum mechanics calculations to demonstrate the o-Me substitution favors the bioactive conformation by inducing a dihedral twist between the heteroaryl rings and the core aniline. The o-Me also makes favorable hydrophobic interactions with key residue side chains in the binding pocket. From this effort, two compounds (AZD8542 and AZD7254) showed excellent pharmacokinetics across multiple preclinical species and demonstrated in vivo activity in abrogating the Hh paracrine pathway as well as anti- tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
| | - Alexander W Hird
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Michael S Bodnarchuk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaolan Zheng
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Les Dakin
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Qibin Su
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Kevin Daly
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Robert Godin
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Maureen M Hattersley
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Patrick Brassil
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Sean Redmond
- Oncology Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Daniel John Russell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
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18
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Damalanka VC, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Piperidine carbamate peptidomimetic inhibitors of the serine proteases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin. Medchemcomm 2019; 10:1646-1655. [PMID: 31803403 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Matriptase and hepsin are type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). Along with related S1 trypsin like serine protease HGFA (hepatocyte growth factor activator), their unregulated proteolytic activity has been associated with cancer including tumor progression and metastasis. These three proteases have two substrates in common, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), the ligands for MET and recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinases. Mechanism-based tetrapeptide and benzamidine inhibitors of these proteases have been shown to block HGF/MET and MSP/RON cancer cell signaling. Herein, we have rationally designed a new class of peptidomimetic hybrid small molecule piperidine carbamate dipeptide inhibitors comparable in potency to much larger tetrapeptides. We have identified multiple compounds which have potent activity against matriptase and hepsin and with excellent selectivity over the off-target serine proteases factor Xa and thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA . ; Tel: +314 362 0509
| | - Scott A Wildman
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Drug Development Core , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri , USA . ; Tel: +314 362 0509
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19
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Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Takeda N, Fukushima T, Yamashita F, Sato K, Kitamura K, Hippo Y, Janetka JW, Kataoka H. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 stabilizes Epcam and maintains epithelial organization in the mouse intestine. Commun Biol 2019; 2:11. [PMID: 30623107 PMCID: PMC6320337 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SPINT2 encoding the epithelial serine protease inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) are associated with congenital tufting enteropathy. However, the functions of HAI-2 in vivo are poorly understood. Here we used tamoxifen-induced Cre-LoxP recombination in mice to ablate Spint2. Mice lacking Spint2 died within 6 days after initiating tamoxifen treatment and showed severe epithelial damage in the whole intestinal tracts, and, to a lesser extent, the extrahepatic bile duct. The intestinal epithelium showed enhanced exfoliation, villous atrophy, enterocyte tufts and elongated crypts. Organoid crypt culture indicated that Spint2 ablation induced Epcam cleavage with decreased claudin-7 levels and resulted in organoid rupture. These organoid changes could be rescued by addition of serine protease inhibitors aprotinin, camostat mesilate and matriptase-selective α-ketobenzothiazole as well as by co-deletion of Prss8, encoding the serine protease prostasin. These results indicate that HAI-2 is an essential cellular inhibitor for maintaining intestinal epithelium architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 4093898 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 2608717, Japan
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
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20
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Maddirala AR, Klein R, Pinkner JS, Kalas V, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Biphenyl Gal and GalNAc FmlH Lectin Antagonists of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC): Optimization through Iterative Rational Drug Design. J Med Chem 2019; 62:467-479. [PMID: 30540910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The F9/Yde/Fml pilus, tipped with the FmlH adhesin, has been shown to provide uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) a fitness advantage in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, we used X-ray structure guided design to optimize our previously described ortho-biphenyl Gal and GalNAc FmlH antagonists such as compound 1 by replacing the carboxylate with a sulfonamide as in 50. Other groups which can accept H-bonds were also tolerated. We pursued further modifications to the biphenyl aglycone resulting in significantly improved activity. Two of the most potent compounds, 86 (IC50 = 0.051 μM) and 90 (IC50 = 0.034 μM), exhibited excellent metabolic stability in mouse plasma and liver microsomes but showed only limited oral bioavailability (<1%) in rats. Compound 84 also showed a good pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in mice after IP dosing with compound exposure above the IC50 for 6 h. These new FmlH antagonists represent new antivirulence drugs for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Roger Klein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Jerome S Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Vasilios Kalas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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21
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Damalanka VC, Han Z, Karmakar P, O’Donoghue AJ, La Greca F, Kim T, Pant SM, Helander J, Klefström J, Craik CS, Janetka JW. Discovery of Selective Matriptase and Hepsin Serine Protease Inhibitors: Useful Chemical Tools for Cancer Cell Biology. J Med Chem 2018; 62:480-490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C. Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, 92093, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - Florencia La Greca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Shishir M. Pant
- Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Research Programs Unit/Translational Cancer Biology & Medicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Helander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - Juha Klefström
- Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Research Programs Unit/Translational Cancer Biology & Medicum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
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22
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Tyagi R, Maddirala AR, Elfawal M, Fischer C, Bulman CA, Rosa BA, Gao X, Chugani R, Zhou M, Helander J, Brindley PJ, Tseng CC, Greig IR, Sakanari J, Wildman SA, Aroian R, Janetka JW, Mitreva M. Small Molecule Inhibitors of Metabolic Enzymes Repurposed as a New Class of Anthelmintics. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1130-1145. [PMID: 29718656 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The enormous prevalence of infections caused by parasitic nematodes worldwide, coupled to the rapid emergence of their resistance to commonly used anthelmintic drugs, presents an urgent need for the discovery of new drugs. Herein, we have identified several classes of small molecules with broad spectrum activity against these pathogens. Previously, we reported the identification of carnitine palmitoyltransferases (CPTs) as a representative class of enzymes as potential targets for metabolic chokepoint intervention that was elucidated from a combination of chemogenomic screening and experimental testing in nematodes. Expanding on these previous findings, we have discovered that several chemical classes of known small molecule inhibitors of mammalian CPTs have potent activity as anthelmintics. Cross-clade efficacy against a broad spectrum of adult parasitic nematodes was demonstrated for multiple compounds from different series. Several analogs of these initial hit compounds were designed and synthesized. The compounds we report represent a good starting point for further lead identification and optimization for development of new anthelmintic drugs with broad spectrum activity and a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tyagi
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Mostafa Elfawal
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Chelsea Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Christina A. Bulman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Bruce A. Rosa
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Xin Gao
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Ryan Chugani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Mingzhou Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jon Helander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, United States
| | - Chih-Chung Tseng
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Iain R. Greig
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Sakanari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Raffi Aroian
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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23
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Rocha AG, Franco A, Krezel AM, Rumsey JM, Alberti JM, Knight WC, Biris N, Zacharioudakis E, Janetka JW, Baloh RH, Kitsis RN, Mochly-Rosen D, Townsend RR, Gavathiotis E, Dorn GW. MFN2 agonists reverse mitochondrial defects in preclinical models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A. Science 2018; 360:336-341. [PMID: 29674596 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitofusins (MFNs) promote fusion-mediated mitochondrial content exchange and subcellular trafficking. Mutations in Mfn2 cause neurodegenerative Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). We showed that MFN2 activity can be determined by Met376 and His380 interactions with Asp725 and Leu727 and controlled by PINK1 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of adjacent MFN2 Ser378 Small-molecule mimics of the peptide-peptide interface of MFN2 disrupted this interaction, allosterically activating MFN2 and promoting mitochondrial fusion. These first-in-class mitofusin agonists overcame dominant mitochondrial defects provoked in cultured neurons by CMT2A mutants MFN2 Arg94→Gln94 and MFN2 Thr105→Met105, as demonstrated by amelioration of mitochondrial dysmotility, fragmentation, depolarization, and clumping. A mitofusin agonist normalized axonal mitochondrial trafficking within sciatic nerves of MFN2 Thr105→Met105 mice, promising a therapeutic approach for CMT2A and other untreatable diseases of impaired neuronal mitochondrial dynamism and/or trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho G Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Antonietta Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrzej M Krezel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeanne M Rumsey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin M Alberti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William C Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikolaos Biris
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emmanouil Zacharioudakis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, and Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Reid Townsend
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Spaulding CN, Klein RD, Schreiber HL, Janetka JW, Hultgren SJ. Precision antimicrobial therapeutics: the path of least resistance? NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 29507749 PMCID: PMC5829159 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has led to a decline in the efficacy of traditional antimicrobial therapy. The rise in resistance has been driven by widespread use, and in some cases misuse, of antibacterial agents in treating a variety of infections. A growing body of research has begun to elucidate the harmful effects of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy on the beneficial host microbiota. To combat these threats, increasing effort is being directed toward the development of precision antimicrobial therapeutics that target key virulence determinants of specific pathogens while leaving the remainder of the host microbiota undisturbed. This includes the recent development of small molecules termed “mannosides” that specifically target uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Mannosides are glycomimetics of the natural mannosylated host receptor for type 1 pili, extracellular appendages that promotes UPEC colonization in the intestine. Type 1 pili are also critical for colonization and infection in the bladder. In both cases, mannosides act as molecular decoys which potently prevent bacteria from binding to host tissues. In mice, oral treatment with mannosides simultaneously clears active bladder infection and removes intestinal UPEC while leaving the gut microbiota structure relatively unchanged. Similar treatment strategies successfully target other pathogens, like adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), an organism associated with Crohn’s disease (CD), in mouse models. While not without its challenges, antibiotic-sparing therapeutic approaches hold great promise in a variety of disease systems, including UTI, CD, otitis media (OM), and others. In this perspective we highlight the benefits, progress, and roadblocks to the development of precision antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N Spaulding
- 1Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,2Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,3Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Roger D Klein
- 2Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,3Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Henry L Schreiber
- 2Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,3Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - James W Janetka
- 3Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- 2Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.,3Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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25
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Yang B, Vasbinder MM, Hird AW, Su Q, Wang H, Yu Y, Toader D, Lyne PD, Read JA, Breed J, Ioannidis S, Deng C, Grondine M, DeGrace N, Whitston D, Brassil P, Janetka JW. Adventures in Scaffold Morphing: Discovery of Fused Ring Heterocyclic Checkpoint Kinase 1 (CHK1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1061-1073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Melissa M. Vasbinder
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Alexander W. Hird
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Qibin Su
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Haixia Wang
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Yan Yu
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dorin Toader
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paul D. Lyne
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jon A. Read
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science
Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jason Breed
- Discovery
Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Building 310, Cambridge Science
Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Stephanos Ioannidis
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Chun Deng
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Michael Grondine
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Nancy DeGrace
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David Whitston
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Patrick Brassil
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Oncology
Chemistry, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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26
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Rutaganira FU, Barks J, Dhason MS, Wang Q, Lopez MS, Long S, Radke JB, Jones NG, Maddirala AR, Janetka JW, El Bakkouri M, Hui R, Shokat KM, Sibley LD. Inhibition of Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (CDPK1) by Pyrazolopyrimidine Analogs Decreases Establishment and Reoccurrence of Central Nervous System Disease by Toxoplasma gondii. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9976-9989. [PMID: 28933846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) is an essential enzyme in the opportunistic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. CDPK1 controls multiple processes that are critical to the intracellular replicative cycle of T. gondii including secretion of adhesins, motility, invasion, and egress. Remarkably, CDPK1 contains a small glycine gatekeeper residue in the ATP binding pocket making it sensitive to ATP-competitive inhibitors with bulky substituents that complement this expanded binding pocket. Here we explored structure-activity relationships of a series of pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors of CDPK1 with the goal of increasing selectivity over host enzymes, improving antiparasite potency, and improving metabolic stability. The resulting lead compound 24 exhibited excellent enzyme inhibition and selectivity for CDPK1 and potently inhibited parasite growth in vitro. Compound 24 was also effective at treating acute toxoplasmosis in the mouse, reducing dissemination to the central nervous system, and decreasing reactivation of chronic infection in severely immunocompromised mice. These findings provide proof of concept for the development of small molecule inhibitors of CDPK1 for treatment of CNS toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentine U Rutaganira
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jennifer Barks
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mary Savari Dhason
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Michael S Lopez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Shaojun Long
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Joshua B Radke
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nathaniel G Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Amarendar R Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Majida El Bakkouri
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , MaRS South Tower, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Raymond Hui
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto , MaRS South Tower, 101 College St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute , 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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27
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Spaulding CN, Klein RD, Ruer S, Kau AL, Schreiber HL, Cusumano ZT, Dodson KW, Pinkner JS, Fremont DH, Janetka JW, Remaut H, Gordon JI, Hultgren SJ. Selective depletion of uropathogenic E. coli from the gut by a FimH antagonist. Nature 2017; 546:528-532. [PMID: 28614296 PMCID: PMC5654549 DOI: 10.1038/nature22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) affect 150 million people annually1,2. Despite effective antibiotic therapy, 30–50% of patients experience recurrent UTI (rUTI)1. Additionally, the growing prevelance of UPEC resistant to last-line antibiotic treatments, and more recently carbapenems and colistin, make UTIs a prime example of the antibiotic-resistance crisis and emphasize the need for new approaches to treat and prevent bacterial infections3–5. UPEC strains establish reservoirs in the gut from which they are shed in the feces, can colonize the peri-urethral area or vagina and subsequently ascend through the urethra to the urinary tract, where they cause UTI6. UPEC isolates encode up to 16 distinct chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) pili and each pilus type likely enables colonization of a habitat in the host or environment7. For example, the type 1 pilus adhesin, FimH, binds mannose on the bladder surface, mediating bladder colonization. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying UPEC persistence in the gut5. Using a mouse model, we found that F17-like and type 1 pili promote intestinal colonization and show distinct binding to epithelial cells distributed along colonic crypts. Phylogenomic and structural analyses reveal that F17-like pili are closely related to pilus types carried by intestinal pathogens, but are restricted to extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. Moreover, we show that targeting FimH with a high-affinity inhibitor, mannoside M4284, reduces intestinal colonization of genetically diverse UPEC isolates, while simultaneously treating UTI, without significantly disrupting the the structural configuration of the gut microbiota. By selectively depleting the intestinal UPEC reservoir, mannosides could significantly reduce the rate of UTI and rUTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N Spaulding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Roger D Klein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Ségolène Ruer
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Henry L Schreiber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Zachary T Cusumano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Karen W Dodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jerome S Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.,Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (CWIDR), Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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28
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Mydock-McGrane LK, Hannan TJ, Janetka JW. Rational design strategies for FimH antagonists: new drugs on the horizon for urinary tract infection and Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:711-731. [PMID: 28506090 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1331216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bacterial adhesin FimH is a virulence factor and an attractive therapeutic target for urinary tract infection (UTI) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Located on type 1 pili of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), the FimH adhesin plays an integral role in the pathogenesis of UPEC. Recent efforts have culminated in the development of small-molecule mannoside FimH antagonists that target the mannose-binding lectin domain of FimH, inhibiting its function and preventing UPEC from binding mannosylated host cells in the bladder, thereby circumventing infection. Areas covered: The authors describe the structure-guided design of mannoside ligands, and review the structural biology of the FimH lectin domain. Additionally, they discuss the lead optimization of mannosides for therapeutic application in UTI and CD, and describe various assays used to measure mannoside potency in vitro and mouse models used to determine efficacy in vivo. Expert opinion: To date, mannoside optimization has led to a diverse set of small-molecule FimH antagonists with oral bioavailability. With clinical trials already initiated in CD and on the horizon for UTI, it is the authors, opinion that mannosides will be a 'first-in-class' treatment strategy for UTI and CD, and will pave the way for treatment of other Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James W Janetka
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA
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29
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Owusu BY, Thomas S, Venukadasula P, Han Z, Janetka JW, Galemmo RA, Klampfer L. Targeting the tumor-promoting microenvironment in MET-amplified NSCLC cells with a novel inhibitor of pro-HGF activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63014-63025. [PMID: 28968967 PMCID: PMC5609899 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapeutic agents, such as inhibitors of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), have transformed the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. MET-amplified NSCLC cells display resistance to EGFR-targeting agents, but are addicted to MET signaling for survival and proliferation and are sensitive to MET inhibition. However, responsive cancer cells invariably develop resistance to MET-targeted treatment. The tumor microenvironment plays a major role in resistance to anticancer therapy. We demonstrated that fibroblasts block the response of MET-amplified NSCLC cells to the MET kinase inhibitor, JNJ38877605 in an HGF-dependent manner. Thus, MET-amplified NSCLC cells become addicted to HGF upon pharmacological inhibition of MET. HGF restored phosphorylation of MET, EGFR and RON, and maintained pro-survival AKT and ERK signaling in MET-inhibited cells. We developed a small molecule inhibitor of pro-HGF activation, SRI31215, which acts as a triplex inhibitor of the pro-HGF activating proteases matriptase, hepsin and HGF activator (HGFA). SRI31215 blocked crosstalk between tumor cells and fibroblasts and overcame fibroblast-mediated resistance to MET inhibition by preventing fibroblast-mediated reactivation of AKT and ERK signaling. Structurally unrelated triplex inhibitors of matriptase, hepsin and HGFA that we developed in parallel showed similar biological activity. Our data suggest that simultaneous inhibition of HGF and MET is required to overcome resistance to MET inhibitors in MET-amplified NSCLC cells. This provides a rationale for the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NSCLC patients with MET amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205 USA
| | - Shantasia Thomas
- Department of Oncology Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205 USA
| | | | - Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
| | - Robert A Galemmo
- Department of Oncology Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205 USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205 USA
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30
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Budelier MM, Cheng WWL, Bergdoll L, Chen ZW, Janetka JW, Abramson J, Krishnan K, Mydock-McGrane L, Covey DF, Whitelegge JP, Evers AS. Photoaffinity labeling with cholesterol analogues precisely maps a cholesterol-binding site in voltage-dependent anion channel-1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9294-9304. [PMID: 28396346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) is a highly regulated β-barrel membrane protein that mediates transport of ions and metabolites between the mitochondria and cytosol of the cell. VDAC1 co-purifies with cholesterol and is functionally regulated by cholesterol, among other endogenous lipids. Molecular modeling studies based on NMR observations have suggested five cholesterol-binding sites in VDAC1, but direct experimental evidence for these sites is lacking. Here, to determine the sites of cholesterol binding, we photolabeled purified mouse VDAC1 (mVDAC1) with photoactivatable cholesterol analogues and analyzed the photolabeled sites with both top-down mass spectrometry (MS), and bottom-up MS paired with a clickable, stable isotope-labeled tag, FLI-tag. Using cholesterol analogues with a diazirine in either the 7 position of the steroid ring (LKM38) or the aliphatic tail (KK174), we mapped a binding pocket in mVDAC1 localized to Thr83 and Glu73, respectively. When Glu73 was mutated to a glutamine, KK174 no longer photolabeled this residue, but instead labeled the nearby Tyr62 within this same binding pocket. The combination of analytical strategies employed in this work permits detailed molecular mapping of a cholesterol-binding site in a protein, including an orientation of the sterol within the site. Our work raises the interesting possibility that cholesterol-mediated regulation of VDAC1 may be facilitated through a specific binding site at the functionally important Glu73 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Budelier
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
| | | | | | - Zi-Wei Chen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology.,the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | | | - Jeff Abramson
- the Departments of Physiology and.,the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Nation Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065 Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Douglas F Covey
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology.,the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.,Developmental Biology, and.,Psychiatry, and
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, and
| | - Alex S Evers
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, .,the Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.,Developmental Biology, and
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31
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Budelier MM, Cheng WWL, Bergdoll L, Chen ZW, Abramson J, Krishnan K, Qian M, Covey DF, Janetka JW, Evers AS. Click Chemistry Reagent for Identification of Sites of Covalent Ligand Incorporation in Integral Membrane Proteins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2636-2644. [PMID: 28194953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sites of protein-ligand interaction is important for structure-based drug discovery and understanding protein structure-function relationships. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a useful tool for identifying residues covalently modified by ligands. Current methods use database searches that are dependent on acquiring interpretable fragmentation spectra (MS2) of peptide-ligand adducts. This is problematic for identifying sites of hydrophobic ligand incorporation in integral membrane proteins (IMPs), where poor aqueous solubility and ionization of peptide-ligand adducts and collision-induced adduct loss hinder the acquisition of quality MS2 spectra. To address these issues, we developed a fast ligand identification (FLI) tag that can be attached to any alkyne-containing ligand via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition. The FLI tag adds charge to increase solubility and ionization, and utilizes stable isotope labeling for MS1 level identification of hydrophobic peptide-ligand adducts. The FLI tag was coupled to an alkyne-containing neurosteroid photolabeling reagent and used to identify peptide-steroid adducts in MS1 spectra via the stable heavy isotope pair. Peptide-steroid adducts were not identified in MS2-based database searches because collision-induced adduct loss was the dominant feature of collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation, but targeted analysis of MS1 pairs using electron transfer dissociation (ETD) markedly reduced adduct loss. Using the FLI tag and ETD, we identified Glu73 as the site of photoincorporation of our neurosteroid ligand in the IMP, mouse voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (mVDAC1), and top-down MS confirmed a single site of photolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Budelier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wayland W L Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lucie Bergdoll
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zi-Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (instem), National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bangalore 560065, Karnataka India
| | - Kathiresan Krishnan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Mingxing Qian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Alex S Evers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Liu F, Han Z, Karmakar P, Li T, Janetka JW, Lai A. DDIS-10. TARGETING HGF/MET IN GBM BY RESTORING SPINT2 FUNCTION. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now212.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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33
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Mydock-McGrane L, Cusumano Z, Han Z, Binkley J, Kostakioti M, Hannan T, Pinkner JS, Klein R, Kalas V, Crowley J, Rath NP, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Antivirulence C-Mannosides as Antibiotic-Sparing, Oral Therapeutics for Urinary Tract Infections. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9390-9408. [PMID: 27689912 PMCID: PMC5087331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Gram-negative
uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)
bacteria are a causative pathogen of urinary tract infections
(UTIs). Previously developed antivirulence inhibitors of the type
1 pilus adhesin, FimH, demonstrated oral activity in animal models
of UTI but were found to have limited compound exposure due to the
metabolic instability of the O-glycosidic bond (O-mannosides). Herein, we disclose that compounds having
the O-glycosidic bond replaced with carbon linkages
had improved stability and inhibitory activity against FimH. We report
on the design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluation of this promising
new class of carbon-linked C-mannosides that show
improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties relative to O-mannosides. Interestingly, we found that FimH binding is stereospecifically
modulated by hydroxyl substitution on the methylene linker, where
the R-hydroxy isomer has a 60-fold increase in potency.
This new class of C-mannoside antagonists have significantly
increased compound exposure and, as a result, enhanced efficacy in
mouse models of acute and chronic UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Cusumano
- Fimbrion Therapeutics, Inc. , Saint Louis, Missouri 63108 United States
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Hannan
- Fimbrion Therapeutics, Inc. , Saint Louis, Missouri 63108 United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri , Saint Louis, Missouri 63121 United States
| | - Scott J Hultgren
- Fimbrion Therapeutics, Inc. , Saint Louis, Missouri 63108 United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Fimbrion Therapeutics, Inc. , Saint Louis, Missouri 63108 United States
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Smith JA, Xu G, Feng R, Janetka JW, Moeller KD. C‐Glycosides, Array‐based Addressable Libraries, and the Versatility of Constant Current Electrochemistry. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics School of Medicine Washington University St. Louis MO 63130
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35
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Karmakar P, Kim T, Owusu BY, Wildman SA, Klampfer L, Janetka JW. Back Cover: α-Ketobenzothiazole Serine Protease Inhibitors of Aberrant HGF/c-MET and MSP/RON Kinase Pathway Signaling in Cancer (ChemMedChem 6/2016). ChemMedChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Ave. Saint Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Peter K. W. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Ave. Saint Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Ave. Saint Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Ave. Saint Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Ben Y. Owusu
- Department of Oncology; Southern Research Institute; 2000 9th Ave. Birmingham AL 35205 USA
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Ave. Saint Louis MO 63110 USA
- Carbone Cancer Center; School of Medicine and Public Health; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53792 USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology; Southern Research Institute; 2000 9th Ave. Birmingham AL 35205 USA
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine; 660 S. Euclid Ave. Saint Louis MO 63110 USA
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36
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Karmakar P, Kim T, Owusu BY, Wildman SA, Klampfer L, Janetka JW. α-Ketobenzothiazole Serine Protease Inhibitors of Aberrant HGF/c-MET and MSP/RON Kinase Pathway Signaling in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:585-99. [PMID: 26889658 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of the HGF and MSP growth-factor processing serine endopeptidases HGFA, matriptase and hepsin is correlated with increased metastasis in multiple tumor types driven by c-MET or RON kinase signaling. We rationally designed P1' α-ketobenzothiazole mechanism-based inhibitors of these proteases. Structure-activity studies are presented, which resulted in the identification of potent inhibitors with differential selectivity. The tetrapeptide inhibitors span the P1-P1' substrate cleavage site via a P1' amide linker off the benzothiazole, occupying the S3' pocket. Optimized inhibitors display sub-nanomolar enzyme inhibition against one, two, or all three of HGFA, matriptase, and hepsin. Several compounds also have good selectivity against the related trypsin-like proteases, thrombin and Factor Xa. Finally, we show that inhibitors block the fibroblast (HGF)-mediated migration of invasive DU145 prostate cancer cells. In addition to prostate cancer, breast, colon, lung, pancreas, gliomas, and multiple myeloma tumors all depend on HGF and MSP for tumor survival and progression. Therefore, these unique inhibitors have potential as new therapeutics for a diverse set of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Peter K W Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Partha Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ben Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave., Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Scott A Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave., Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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37
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Jarvis C, Han Z, Kalas V, Klein R, Pinkner JS, Ford B, Binkley J, Cusumano CK, Cusumano Z, Mydock-McGrane L, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Cover Picture: Antivirulence Isoquinolone Mannosides: Optimization of the Biaryl Aglycone for FimH Lectin Binding Affinity and Efficacy in the Treatment of Chronic UTI (ChemMedChem 4/2016). ChemMedChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Jarvis
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Vasilios Kalas
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Roger Klein
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Bradley Ford
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Jana Binkley
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Corinne K. Cusumano
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Zachary Cusumano
- Fimbrion Therapeutics Inc.; 4041 Forest Park Ave. St. Louis MO 63108 USA
| | | | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Molecular Microbiology; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Washington University School of Medicine; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (cWIDR); 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - James W. Janetka
- Washington University School of Medicine; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Washington University School of Medicine; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (cWIDR); 660 S. Euclid Ave. St. Louis MO 63110 USA
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38
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Wang Q, Heizer E, Rosa BA, Wildman SA, Janetka JW, Mitreva M. Characterization of parasite-specific indels and their proposed relevance for selective anthelminthic drug targeting. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 39:201-211. [PMID: 26829384 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Insertions and deletions (indels) are important sequence variants that are considered as phylogenetic markers that reflect evolutionary adaptations in different species. In an effort to systematically study indels specific to the phylum Nematoda and their structural impact on the proteins bearing them, we examined over 340,000 polypeptides from 21 nematode species spanning the phylum, compared them to non-nematodes and identified indels unique to nematode proteins in more than 3000 protein families. Examination of the amino acid composition revealed uneven usage of amino acids for insertions and deletions. The amino acid composition and cost, along with the secondary structure constitution of the indels, were analyzed in the context of their biological pathway associations. Species-specific indels could enable indel-based targeting for drug design in pathogens/parasites. Therefore, we screened the spatial locations of the indels in the parasite's protein 3D structures, determined the location of the indel and identified potential unique drug targeting sites. These indels could be confirmed by RNA-Seq data. Examples are presented illustrating the close proximity of some indels to established small-molecule binding pockets that can potentially facilitate selective targeting to the parasites and bypassing their host, thus reducing or eliminating the toxicity of the potential drugs. This study presents an approach for understanding the adaptation of pathogens/parasites at a molecular level, and outlines a strategy to identify such nematode-selective targets that remain essential to the organism. With further experimental characterization and validation, it opens a possible channel for the development of novel treatments with high target specificity, addressing both host toxicity and resistance concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Esley Heizer
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Wildman
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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39
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Jarvis C, Han Z, Kalas V, Klein R, Pinkner JS, Ford B, Binkley J, Cusumano CK, Cusumano Z, Mydock-McGrane L, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Antivirulence Isoquinolone Mannosides: Optimization of the Biaryl Aglycone for FimH Lectin Binding Affinity and Efficacy in the Treatment of Chronic UTI. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:367-73. [PMID: 26812660 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) employ the mannose-binding adhesin FimH to colonize the bladder epithelium during urinary tract infection (UTI). Previously reported FimH antagonists exhibit good potency and efficacy, but low bioavailability and a short half-life in vivo. In a rational design strategy, we obtained an X-ray structure of lead mannosides and then designed mannosides with improved drug-like properties. We show that cyclizing the carboxamide onto the biphenyl B-ring aglycone of biphenyl mannosides into a fused heterocyclic ring, generates new biaryl mannosides such as isoquinolone 22 (2-methyl-4-(1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-7-yl)phenyl α-d-mannopyranoside) with enhanced potency and in vivo efficacy resulting from increased oral bioavailability. N-Substitution of the isoquinolone aglycone with various functionalities produced a new potent subseries of FimH antagonists. All analogues of the subseries have higher FimH binding affinity than unsubstituted lead 22, as determined by thermal shift differential scanning fluorimetry assay. Mannosides with pyridyl substitution on the isoquinolone group inhibit bacteria-mediated hemagglutination and prevent biofilm formation by UPEC with single-digit nanomolar potency, which is unprecedented for any FimH antagonists or any other antivirulence compounds reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Jarvis
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zhenfu Han
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vasilios Kalas
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Roger Klein
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jerome S Pinkner
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bradley Ford
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jana Binkley
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Corinne K Cusumano
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zachary Cusumano
- Fimbrion Therapeutics Inc., 4041 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | | | - Scott J Hultgren
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Washington University School of Medicine, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (cWIDR), 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - James W Janetka
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Washington University School of Medicine, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research (cWIDR), 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Mydock-McGrane LK, Cusumano ZT, Janetka JW. Mannose-derived FimH antagonists: a promising anti-virulence therapeutic strategy for urinary tract infections and Crohn’s disease. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:175-97. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Franco FM, Jones DE, Harris PK, Han Z, Wildman SA, Jarvis CM, Janetka JW. Structure-based discovery of small molecule hepsin and HGFA protease inhibitors: Evaluation of potency and selectivity derived from distinct binding pockets. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2328-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Jones DE, Chugani R, Kim T, Agarwal M, Shen W, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Inhibitors of HGFA, Matriptase, and Hepsin Serine Proteases: A Nonkinase Strategy to Block Cell Signaling in Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1219-24. [PMID: 25408834 DOI: 10.1021/ml500254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activators (HGFA), matriptase, and hepsin are S1 family trypsin-like serine proteases. These proteases proteolytically cleave the single-chain zymogen precursors, pro-HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and pro-MSP (macrophage stimulating protein) into active heterodimeric forms. HGF and MSP are activating ligands for the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), c-MET and RON, respectively. We have discovered the first substrate-based ketothiazole inhibitors of HGFA, matriptase and hepsin. The compounds were synthesized using a combination of solution and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Compounds were tested for protease inhibition using a kinetic enzyme assay employing fluorogenic peptide substrates. Highlighted HGFA inhibitors are Ac-KRLR-kt (5g), Ac-SKFR-kt (6c), and Ac-SWLR-kt (6g) with K is = 12, 57, and 63 nM, respectively. We demonstrated that inhibitors block the conversion of native pro-HGF and pro-MSP by HGFA with equivalent potency. Finally, we show that inhibition causes a dose-dependent decrease of c-MET signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This preliminary investigation provides evidence that HGFA is a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer and other tumor types driven by c-MET and RON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Peter K. W. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Ryan Chugani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Manjula Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Totsika M, Kostakioti M, Hannan TJ, Upton M, Beatson SA, Janetka JW, Hultgren SJ, Schembri MA. A FimH inhibitor prevents acute bladder infection and treats chronic cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:921-8. [PMID: 23737602 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli O25b:H4-ST131 represents a predominant clone of multidrug-resistant uropathogens currently circulating worldwide in hospitals and the community. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by E. coli ST131 are typically associated with limited treatment options and are often recurrent. METHODS Using established mouse models of acute and chronic UTI, we mapped the pathogenic trajectory of the reference E. coli ST131 UTI isolate, strain EC958. RESULTS We demonstrated that E. coli EC958 can invade bladder epithelial cells and form intracellular bacterial communities early during acute UTI. Moreover, E. coli EC958 persisted in the bladder and established chronic UTI. Prophylactic antibiotic administration failed to prevent E. coli EC958-mediated UTI. However, 1 oral dose of a small-molecular-weight compound that inhibits FimH, the type 1 fimbriae adhesin, significantly reduced bacterial colonization of the bladder and prevented acute UTI. Treatment of chronically infected mice with the same FimH inhibitor lowered their bladder bacterial burden by >1000-fold. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide novel insight into the pathogenic mechanisms used by the globally disseminated E. coli ST131 clone during acute and chronic UTI and establish the potential of FimH inhibitors as an alternative treatment against multidrug-resistant E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makrina Totsika
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Han Z, Pinkner JS, Ford B, Chorell E, Crowley JM, Cusumano CK, Campbell S, Henderson JP, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Lead optimization studies on FimH antagonists: discovery of potent and orally bioavailable ortho-substituted biphenyl mannosides. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3945-59. [PMID: 22449031 DOI: 10.1021/jm300165m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the X-ray structure-based design and optimization of biaryl mannoside FimH inhibitors. Diverse modifications to the biaryl ring to improve druglike physical and pharmacokinetic properties of mannosides were assessed for FimH binding affinity based on their effects on hemagglutination and biofilm formation along with direct FimH binding assays. Substitution on the mannoside phenyl ring ortho to the glycosidic bond results in large potency enhancements several-fold higher than those of corresponding unsubstituted matched pairs and can be rationalized from increased hydrophobic interactions with the FimH hydrophobic ridge (Ile13) or "tyrosine gate" (Tyr137 and Tyr48) also lined by Ile52. The lead mannosides have increased metabolic stability and oral bioavailability as determined from in vitro PAMPA predictive model of cellular permeability and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in mice, thereby representing advanced preclinical candidates with promising potential as novel therapeutics for the clinical treatment and prevention of recurring urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Cusumano CK, Pinkner JS, Han Z, Greene SE, Ford BA, Crowley JR, Henderson JP, Janetka JW, Hultgren SJ. Treatment and prevention of urinary tract infection with orally active FimH inhibitors. Sci Transl Med 2012; 3:109ra115. [PMID: 22089451 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections pose a serious medical problem because there are few effective treatment options. Patients with chronic urinary tract infections are commonly treated with long-term prophylactic antibiotics that promote the development of antibiotic-resistant forms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), further complicating treatment. We developed small-molecular weight compounds termed mannosides that specifically inhibit the FimH type 1 pilus lectin of UPEC, which mediates bacterial colonization, invasion, and formation of recalcitrant intracellular bacterial communities in the bladder epithelium. Here, we optimized these compounds for oral bioavailability and demonstrated their fast-acting efficacy in treating chronic urinary tract infections in a preclinical murine model. These compounds also prevented infection in vivo when given prophylactically and strongly potentiated the activity of the current standard of care therapy, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, against clinically resistant PBC-1 UPEC bacteria. These compounds have therapeutic efficacy after oral administration for the treatment of established urinary tract infections in vivo. Their unique mechanism of action-targeting the pilus tip adhesin FimH-circumvents the conventional requirement for drug penetration of the outer membrane, minimizing the potential for the development of resistance. The small-molecular weight compounds described herein promise to provide substantial benefit to women suffering from chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne K Cusumano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Janetka JW, Agarwal M, Jones DE. Abstract LB-197: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator (HGFA) Inhibitors of c-MET/RON Kinase Signaling. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-lb-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Continuous advances have been made in the treatment of cancer however 70% of the patients still die of cancer every year strongly correlated to tumor metastasis. The treatment options available at present are rarely able to effectively treat metastatic cancer. Targeting hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors is a well-developed strategy for metastatic cancer therapy however no studies have explored targets upstream of kinase activation. One such target is hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) which is upregulated in a large number of cancer cell lines and patient samples. HGFA is a trypsin-like serine protease which stimulates both the c-MET and RON signaling pathways by proteolysis of the inactive single-chain zymogen growth factor ligand precursors to activated two-chain HGF and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) respectively. Increased activation of these pathways has been shown to trigger a number of downstream signaling events necessary for metastasis including cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The present study was undertaken to discover inhibitors of HGFA based on the naturally occurring bicyclic peptide, sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI).
Using a combination of solution and solid-phase peptide methods, we have synthesized the natural product SFTI and analogs thereof. The compounds were tested for HGFA activity in a competitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay of proteolytic cleavage by using a fluorogenic peptide substrate. We have identified several inhibitors of HGFA with low μM activity in the FRET assay. We have also demonstrated one inhibitor effectively prevented the conversion of native pro-HGF to HGF as determined by western blotting in a biochemical assay of HGFA activity. This ground breaking discovery of novel HGFA inhibitors will enable future studies on the role of HGFA and other serine proteases in the regulation of growth factors, cell signaling, and cancer metastasis. Inhibitors of HGFA offer an innovative therapeutic strategy upstream of kinase activation and signaling for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-197
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darin E. Jones
- 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Han Z, Pinkner JS, Ford B, Obermann R, Nolan W, Wildman SA, Hobbs D, Ellenberger T, Cusumano CK, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Structure-based drug design and optimization of mannoside bacterial FimH antagonists. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4779-92. [PMID: 20507142 DOI: 10.1021/jm100438s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
FimH-mediated cellular adhesion to mannosylated proteins is critical in the ability of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to colonize and invade the bladder epithelium during urinary tract infection. We describe the discovery and optimization of potent small-molecule FimH bacterial adhesion antagonists based on alpha-d-mannose 1-position anomeric glycosides using X-ray structure-guided drug design. Optimized biarylmannosides display low nanomolar binding affinity for FimH in a fluorescence polarization assay and submicromolar cellular activity in a hemagglutination (HA) functional cell assay of bacterial adhesion. X-ray crystallography demonstrates that the biphenyl moiety makes several key interactions with the outer surface of FimH including pi-pi interactions with Tyr-48 and an H-bonding electrostatic interaction with the Arg-98/Glu-50 salt bridge. Dimeric analogues linked through the biaryl ring show an impressive 8-fold increase in potency relative to monomeric matched pairs and represent the most potent FimH antagonists identified to date. The FimH antagonists described herein hold great potential for development as novel therapeutics for the effective treatment of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Aronov AM, Tang Q, Martinez-Botella G, Bemis GW, Cao J, Chen G, Ewing NP, Ford PJ, Germann UA, Green J, Hale MR, Jacobs M, Janetka JW, Maltais F, Markland W, Namchuk MN, Nanthakumar S, Poondru S, Straub J, ter Haar E, Xie X. Structure-guided design of potent and selective pyrimidylpyrrole inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) using conformational control. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6362-8. [PMID: 19827834 DOI: 10.1021/jm900630q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction, an oncogenic pathway implicated in a variety of human cancers, is a key target in anticancer drug design. A novel series of pyrimidylpyrrole ERK inhibitors has been identified. Discovery of a conformational change for lead compound 2, when bound to ERK2 relative to antitarget GSK3, enabled structure-guided selectivity optimization, which led to the discovery of 11e, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Aronov
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4242, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1), a serine/threonine kinase, functions as a regulatory kinase in cell cycle progression and is a critical effector of the DNA-damage response. Inhibitors of Chk1 are known to sensitise tumours to a variety of DNA-damaging agents and increase efficacy in preclinical models. OBJECTIVE The most advanced agents are now in Phase I clinical trials; the preclinical profiles of these drugs are compared and contrasted, together with a discussion of some of the opportunities and challenges facing this potentially revolutionary approach to cancer therapy. METHODS A review of the publications and presentations on XL-844, AZD7762 and PF-477736. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Chk kinases are part of the DNA damage recognition and response pathways and as such represent attractive targets. Agents that target checkpoint kinases have demonstrated impressive evidence preclinically that this approach will provide tumour-specific potentiating agents and may have broad therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ashwell
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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