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Zhao P, Shi W, Ye Y, Xu K, Hu J, Chao H, Tao Z, Xu L, Gu W, Zhang L, Wang T, Wang X, Ji J. Atox1 protects hippocampal neurons after traumatic brain injury via DJ-1 mediated anti-oxidative stress and mitophagy. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103156. [PMID: 38640584 PMCID: PMC11047792 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the oxidative stress response is crucial for the management and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The copper chaperone Antioxidant 1 (Atox1) plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular copper ion balance and impacting the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria, as well as the oxidative stress state of cells. However, it remains unknown whether Atox1 is involved in modulating oxidative stress following TBI. Here, we investigated the regulatory role of Atox1 in oxidative stress on neurons both in vivo and in vitro, and elucidated the underlying mechanism through culturing hippocampal HT-22 cells with Atox1 mutation. The expression of Atox1 was significantly diminished following TBI, while mice with overexpressed Atox1 exhibited a more preserved hippocampal structure and reduced levels of oxidative stress post-TBI. Furthermore, the mice displayed notable impairments in learning and memory functions after TBI, which were ameliorated by the overexpression of Atox1. In the stretch injury model of HT-22 cells, overexpression of Atox1 mitigated oxidative stress by preserving the normal morphology and network connectivity of mitochondria, as well as facilitating the elimination of damaged mitochondria. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed the binding of Atox1 to DJ-1. Knockdown of DJ-1 in HT-22 cells significantly impaired the antioxidant capacity of Atox1. Mutations in the copper-binding motif or sequestration of free copper led to a substantial decrease in the interaction between Atox1 and DJ-1, with overexpression of DJ-1 failing to restore the antioxidant capacity of Atox1 mutants. The findings suggest that DJ-1 mediates the ability of Atox1 to withstand oxidative stress. And targeting Atox1 could be a potential therapeutic approach for addressing post-traumatic neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqian Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangfan Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZeQiang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liuchao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Artux, Xinjiang, China.
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Chen X, Xiang W, Li L, Xu K. Copper Chaperone Atox1 Protected the Cochlea From Cisplatin by Regulating the Copper Transport Family and Cell Cycle. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:134-145. [PMID: 37859596 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231206665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (Atox1) may contribute to preventing DDP cochlear damage by regulating copper transport family and cell cycle proteins. A rat model of cochlear damage was developed by placing gelatin sponges treated with DDP in the cochlea. HEI-OC1 cells were treated with 133 μM DDP as a cell model. DDP-induced ototoxicity in rats was confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging. The damage of DDP to HEI-OC1 cells was assessed by using CCK-8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. The relationship between Atox1, a member of the copper transport protein family, and the damage to in vivo/vitro models was explored by qRT-PCR, western blot, CCK-8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. DDP had toxic and other side effects causing cochlear damage and promoted HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The over-expression of Atox1 (oe-Atox1) was accomplished by transfecting lentiviral vectors into in vitro/vivo models. We found that oe-Atox1 increased the levels of Atox1, copper transporter 1 (CTR1), and SOD3 in HEI-OC1 cells and decreased the expression levels of ATPase copper transporting α (ATP7A) and ATPase copper transporting β (ATP7B). In addition, the transfection of oe-Atox1 decreased cell apoptosis rate and the number of G2/M stage cells. Similarly, the expression of myosin VI and phalloidin of cochlea cells in vivo decreased. Atox1 ameliorated DDP-induced damage to HEI-OC1 cells or rats' cochlea by regulating the levels of members of the copper transport family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiren Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jiu Jiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Li B, Yu X, Pang F. LncRNA FGD5-AS1 Alleviates Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis through the miR-223-3p/COX11 Axis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:201-211. [PMID: 38071964 DOI: 10.1159/000534985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). The current investigation is focused on elucidating the functional impact of a specific lncRNA, FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5-AS1), on the development and progression of AR through its interaction with miR-223-3p. METHODS An experimental framework for AR was constructed in both cellular and animal models. Quantitative assessment of FGD5-AS1, miR-223-3p, and COX11 mRNA expression was conducted using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The expression of inflammatory factors, immunoglobulin E, LTC4, and ECP, was examined using ELISA. Apoptosis in human nasal epithelial cells was assessed by the flow cytometry method. The protein expression of COX11 was examined using Western blotting. Nasal mucosal function was further evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, bioinformatics evaluations, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and a series of experimental procedures unveiled a putative competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism. RESULTS We found the expression of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 was decreased in AR. In vitro lncRNA FGD5-AS1 attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines in nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, elevated FGD5-AS1 expression significantly alleviated AR symptoms by reducing nasal epithelial apoptosis and inflammation. MiR-223-3p was identified as a direct target of FGD5-AS1. Moreover, miRNA-223-3p directly downregulated the expression of COX11 mRNA. Subsequent experiments confirmed that FGD5-AS1 regulated AR through the miR-223-3p/COX11 axis, thereby inhibiting inflammation. CONCLUSION The FGD5-AS1/miR-223-3p/COX11 axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AR, suggesting that FGD5-AS1 could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, China
| | - Fuzhen Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, China
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Caron-Godon CA, Della Vecchia S, Romano A, Doccini S, Dal Canto F, Pasquariello R, Rubegni A, Battini R, Santorelli FM, Glerum DM, Nesti C. Novel COX11 Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Disorder: Functional Characterization in Patient Fibroblasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16636. [PMID: 38068960 PMCID: PMC10706101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in the nuclear encoded subunits and assembly factors of cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial complex IV) are very rare and are associated with a wide variety of phenotypes. Biallelic pathogenic variants in the COX11 protein were previously identified in two unrelated children with infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies. Through comprehensive clinical, genetic and functional analyses, here we report on a new patient harboring novel heterozygous variants in COX11, presenting with Leigh-like features, and provide additional experimental evidence for a direct correlation between COX11 protein expression and sensitivity to oxidative stress. To sort out the contribution of the single mutations to the phenotype, we employed a multi-faceted approach using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a genetically manipulable system, and in silico structure-based analysis of human COX11. Our results reveal differential effects of the two novel COX11 mutations on yeast growth, respiration, and cellular redox status, as well as their potential impact on human protein stability and function. Strikingly, the functional deficits observed in patient fibroblasts are recapitulated in yeast models, validating the conservation of COX11's role in mitochondrial integrity across evolutionarily distant organisms. This study not only expands the mutational landscape of COX11-associated mitochondrial disorders but also underscores the continued translational relevance of yeast models in dissecting complex molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.D.C.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.D.C.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Flavio Dal Canto
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.D.C.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.); (C.N.)
| | | | - Anna Rubegni
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.D.C.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Roberta Battini
- Developmental Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.D.C.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.); (C.N.)
| | - D. Moira Glerum
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disease Unit, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.D.C.); (A.R.); (F.M.S.); (C.N.)
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5
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Guhathakurta S, Erdogdu NU, Hoffmann JJ, Grzadzielewska I, Schendzielorz A, Seyfferth J, Mårtensson CU, Corrado M, Karoutas A, Warscheid B, Pfanner N, Becker T, Akhtar A. COX17 acetylation via MOF-KANSL complex promotes mitochondrial integrity and function. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1931-1952. [PMID: 37813994 PMCID: PMC10663164 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Reversible acetylation of mitochondrial proteins is a regulatory mechanism central to adaptive metabolic responses. Yet, how such functionally relevant protein acetylation is achieved remains unexplored. Here we reveal an unprecedented role of the MYST family lysine acetyltransferase MOF in energy metabolism via mitochondrial protein acetylation. Loss of MOF-KANSL complex members leads to mitochondrial defects including fragmentation, reduced cristae density and impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV integrity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We demonstrate COX17, a complex IV assembly factor, as a bona fide acetylation target of MOF. Loss of COX17 or expression of its non-acetylatable mutant phenocopies the mitochondrial defects observed upon MOF depletion. The acetylation-mimetic COX17 rescues these defects and maintains complex IV activity even in the absence of MOF, suggesting an activatory role of mitochondrial electron transport chain protein acetylation. Fibroblasts from patients with MOF syndrome who have intellectual disability also revealed respiratory defects that could be restored by alternative oxidase, acetylation-mimetic COX17 or mitochondrially targeted MOF. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of MOF-KANSL complex in mitochondrial physiology and provide new insights into MOF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Guhathakurta
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niyazi Umut Erdogdu
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliane J Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iga Grzadzielewska
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Janine Seyfferth
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph U Mårtensson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Karoutas
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Hussain Q, Ye T, Li S, Nkoh JN, Zhou Q, Shang C. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Copper Transporter ( COPT/ Ctr) Gene Family in Kandelia obovata, a Typical Mangrove Plant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15579. [PMID: 37958561 PMCID: PMC10648262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The copper transporter (COPT/Ctr) gene family plays a critical part in maintaining the balance of the metal, and many diverse species depend on COPT to move copper (Cu) across the cell membrane. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Populus trichocarpa, Vitis vinifera, and Solanum lycopersicum, a genome-wide study of the COPT protein family was performed. To understand the major roles of the COPT gene family in Kandelia obovata (Ko), a genome-wide study identified four COPT genes in the Kandelia obovata genome for the first time. The domain and 3D structural variation, phylogenetic tree, chromosomal distributions, gene structure, motif analysis, subcellular localization, cis-regulatory elements, synteny and duplication analysis, and expression profiles in leaves and Cu were all investigated in this research. Structural and sequence investigations show that most KoCOPTs have three transmembrane domains (TMDs). According to phylogenetic research, these KoCOPTs might be divided into two subgroups, just like Populus trichocarpa. KoCOPT gene segmental duplications and positive selection pressure were discovered by universal analysis. According to gene structure and motif analysis, most KoCOPT genes showed consistent exon-intron and motif organization within the same group. In addition, we found five hormones and four stress- and seven light-responsive cis-elements in the KoCOPTs promoters. The expression studies revealed that all four genes changed their expression levels in response to copper (CuCl2) treatments. In summary, our study offers a thorough overview of the Kandelia obovata COPT gene family's expression pattern and functional diversity, making it easier to characterize each KoCOPT gene's function in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Sihui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Q.Z.)
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Q.H.); (T.Y.); (S.L.); (J.N.N.); (Q.Z.)
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7
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Jiang F, Du L, Chen ZJ, Wang X, Ge D, Liu N. LNP-miR-155 cy5 Inhibitor Regulates the Copper Transporter via the β-Catenin/TCF4/SLC31A1 Signal for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4138-4152. [PMID: 37358225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems are widely used in the delivery of small-molecule drugs and nucleic acids. In this study, we prepared LNP-miR-155 by lipid nanomaterial technology and investigated the effects of LNP-miR-155 on β-catenin/transcription factor 4 (TCF4)/solute carrier family 31 member 1/copper transporter 1 (SLC31A1/CTR1) signaling and copper transport in colorectal cancer. For this, we used an LNP-miR-155 cy5 inhibitor and LNP-miR-155 cy5 mimics for the transfection of HT-29/SW480 cells. The transfection efficiency and uptake efficiency were detected by immunofluorescence. Relevant cell assays confirmed that the LNP-miR-155 cy5 inhibitor mediates the regulation of copper transport through the β-catenin/TCF4/SLC31A1 axis. The LNP-miR-155 cy5 inhibitor reduced cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation and promoted cell apoptosis. We also confirmed that miR-155 downregulates HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in cells and activates the function of β-catenin/TCF4 signaling. In addition, we found that the copper transporter, SLC31A1, is highly expressed in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, we also found that the complex β-catenin/TCF4 promotes the transcription of SLC31A1 by binding to its promoter region, which sustains the transport of copper from the extracellular region to the intracellular region and increases the activities of Cu2+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In summary, the LNP-miR-155 cy5 inhibitor regulates β-catenin/TCF4 by downregulating SLC31A1-mediated copper transport and intracellular copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Department of the Center of Gerontology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P. R. China
| | - Le Du
- Department of Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ju Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P. R. China
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8
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Rius R, Bennett NK, Bhattacharya K, Riley LG, Yüksel Z, Formosa LE, Compton AG, Dale RC, Cowley MJ, Gayevskiy V, Al Tala SM, Almehery AA, Ryan MT, Thorburn DR, Nakamura K, Christodoulou J. Biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 are associated with an infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1970-1978. [PMID: 36030551 PMCID: PMC9771894 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders resulting from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects. COX11 encodes a copper chaperone that participates in the assembly of complex IV and has not been previously linked to human disease. In a previous study, we identified that COX11 knockdown decreased cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) derived from respiration, and that ATP levels could be restored with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) supplementation. This finding is surprising since COX11 has no known role in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Here, we report a novel gene-disease association by identifying biallelic pathogenic variants in COX11 associated with infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathies in two unrelated families using trio genome and exome sequencing. Functional studies showed that mutant COX11 fibroblasts had decreased ATP levels which could be rescued by CoQ10 . These results not only suggest that COX11 variants cause defects in energy production but reveal a potential metabolic therapeutic strategy for patients with COX11 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Rius
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Neal K. Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lisa G. Riley
- Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Rare Diseases Functional GenomicsThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Zafer Yüksel
- Department of Human GeneticsBioscientia Healthcare GmbHIngelheimGermany
| | - Luke E. Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison G. Compton
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical school, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark J. Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute & School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Saeed M. Al Tala
- Pediatric DirectorateNeonatal NICU, Armed Forces Hospital SRKhamis MushaytSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Michael T. Ryan
- Department of Human GeneticsBioscientia Healthcare GmbHIngelheimGermany
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics ServicesRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences and NeuroscienceUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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9
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Ramchandani D, Berisa M, Tavarez DA, Li Z, Miele M, Bai Y, Lee SB, Ban Y, Dephoure N, Hendrickson RC, Cloonan SM, Gao D, Cross JR, Vahdat LT, Mittal V. Copper depletion modulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to impair triple negative breast cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7311. [PMID: 34911956 PMCID: PMC8674260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper serves as a co-factor for a host of metalloenzymes that contribute to malignant progression. The orally bioavailable copper chelating agent tetrathiomolybdate (TM) has been associated with a significant survival benefit in high-risk triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Despite these promising data, the mechanisms by which copper depletion impacts metastasis are poorly understood and this remains a major barrier to advancing TM to a randomized phase II trial. Here, using two independent TNBC models, we report a discrete subpopulation of highly metastatic SOX2/OCT4+ cells within primary tumors that exhibit elevated intracellular copper levels and a marked sensitivity to TM. Global proteomic and metabolomic profiling identifies TM-mediated inactivation of Complex IV as the primary metabolic defect in the SOX2/OCT4+ cell population. We also identify AMPK/mTORC1 energy sensor as an important downstream pathway and show that AMPK inhibition rescues TM-mediated loss of invasion. Furthermore, loss of the mitochondria-specific copper chaperone, COX17, restricts copper deficiency to mitochondria and phenocopies TM-mediated alterations. These findings identify a copper-metabolism-metastasis axis with potential to enrich patient populations in next-generation therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ramchandani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mirela Berisa
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Diamile A Tavarez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Department of Microchemistry and Proteomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Miele
- Department of Microchemistry and Proteomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sharrell B Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Department of Microchemistry and Proteomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The School of Medicine and Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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10
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Romero P, Gabrielli A, Sampedro R, Perea-García A, Puig S, Lafuente MT. Identification and molecular characterization of the high-affinity copper transporters family in Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:600-610. [PMID: 34655579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) plays a key role as cofactor in the plant proteins participating in essential cellular processes, such as electron transport and free radical scavenging. Despite high-affinity Cu transporters (COPTs) being key participants in Cu homeostasis maintenance, very little is known about COPTs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) even though it is the most consumed fruit worldwide and this crop is susceptible to suboptimal Cu conditions. In this study, a six-member family of COPT (SlCOPT1-6) was identified and characterized. SlCOPTs have a conserved architecture consisting of three transmembrane domains and β-strains. However, the presence of essential methionine residues, a methionine-enriched amino-terminal region, an Mx3Mx12Gx3G Cu-binding motif and a cysteine rich carboxy-terminal region, all required for their functionality, is more variable among members. Accordingly, functional complementation assays in yeast indicate that SlCOPT1 and SlCOPT2 are able to transport Cu inside the cell, while SlCOPT3 and SlCOPT5 are only partially functional. In addition, protein interaction network analyses reveal the connection between SlCOPTs and Cu PIB-type ATPases, other metal transporters, and proteins related to the peroxisome. Gene expression analyses uncover organ-dependency, fruit vasculature tissue specialization and ripening-dependent gene expression profiles, as well as different response to Cu deficiency or toxicity in an organ-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Romero
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alessandro Gabrielli
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Sampedro
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Perea-García
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sergi Puig
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Lafuente
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Puchkova LV, Kiseleva IV, Polishchuk EV, Broggini M, Ilyechova EY. The Crossroads between Host Copper Metabolism and Influenza Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115498. [PMID: 34071094 PMCID: PMC8197124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three main approaches are used to combat severe viral respiratory infections. The first is preemptive vaccination that blocks infection. Weakened or dead viral particles, as well as genetic constructs carrying viral proteins or information about them, are used as an antigen. However, the viral genome is very evolutionary labile and changes continuously. Second, chemical agents are used during infection and inhibit the function of a number of viral proteins. However, these drugs lose their effectiveness because the virus can rapidly acquire resistance to them. The third is the search for points in the host metabolism the effect on which would suppress the replication of the virus but would not have a significant effect on the metabolism of the host. Here, we consider the possibility of using the copper metabolic system as a target to reduce the severity of influenza infection. This is facilitated by the fact that, in mammals, copper status can be rapidly reduced by silver nanoparticles and restored after their cancellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila V. Puchkova
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ADTS Institute, RC AFMLCS, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Massimo Broggini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Ilyechova
- International Research Laboratory of Trace Elements Metabolism, ADTS Institute, RC AFMLCS, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-921-760-5274
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12
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Li J, Wang W, Yuan J, Xu J, He L, Zhang X, Zhang H. Ubiquitin-independent proteasome system is required for degradation of Arabidopsis COPPER TRANSPORTER 2. Plant Sci 2021; 304:110825. [PMID: 33568283 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adjust to deficiency or excess of nutrients. Membrane transport proteins play a central role in nutrient uptake from soil. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the COPPER TRANSPORTOR (COPT) family encodes high-affinity copper transporters. COPT2 is transcriptionally regulated in response to changing levels of cellular copper. However, little is known about whether COPT2 activity is subject to multiple levels of regulation. Here, we showed that the plasma membrane-/endoplasmic reticulum-resident COPT2 protein is degraded in response to excess copper. Confocal microscopy analysis together with pharmacological treatment with a vesicle trafficking inhibitor or vacuolar ATPase inhibitor indicated that copper-mediated downregulation of COPT2 is unlikely to be controlled by endosomal recycling and vacuolar system. However, COPT2 protein is stabilized by proteasome inhibition. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we found that COPT2 cannot be ubiquitinated, and lysine residues at the C-terminus is dispensable for copper-induced degradation of COPT2 but required for copper acquisition. Altogether, our findings reveal that unlike many metal transporters in Arabidopsis, COPT2 is a substrate of ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation but not of vacuolar proteases. These findings highlight the mechanistic diversity and complexity of plasma membrane transporter degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jinhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinyu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lifei He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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13
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Soczewka P, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, di Rago JP, Zoladek T, Kaminska J. Targeting Copper Homeostasis Improves Functioning of vps13Δ Yeast Mutant Cells, a Model of VPS13-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2248. [PMID: 33668157 PMCID: PMC7956333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion homeostasis is crucial for organism functioning, and its alterations may cause diseases. For example, copper insufficiency and overload are associated with Menkes and Wilson's diseases, respectively, and iron imbalance is observed in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. To better understand human diseases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast are used as a model organism. In our studies, we used the vps13Δ yeast strain as a model of rare neurological diseases caused by mutations in VPS13A-D genes. In this work, we show that overexpression of genes encoding copper transporters, CTR1, CTR3, and CCC2, or the addition of copper salt to the medium, improved functioning of the vps13Δ mutant. We show that their mechanism of action, at least partially, depends on increasing iron content in the cells by the copper-dependent iron uptake system. Finally, we present that treatment with copper ionophores, disulfiram, elesclomol, and sodium pyrithione, also resulted in alleviation of the defects observed in vps13Δ cells. Our study points at copper and iron homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target for further investigation in higher eukaryotic models of VPS13-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Soczewka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- IBGC, UMR 5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (D.T.-T.); (J.-P.d.R.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- IBGC, UMR 5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (D.T.-T.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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14
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Greco M, Spinelli CC, De Riccardis L, Buccolieri A, Di Giulio S, Musarò D, Pagano C, Manno D, Maffia M. Copper Dependent Modulation of α-Synuclein Phosphorylation in Differentiated SHSY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042038. [PMID: 33670800 PMCID: PMC7922547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) dyshomeostasis plays a pivotal role in several neuropathologies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Metal accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) could result in loss-of-function of proteins involved in Cu metabolism and redox cycling, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, neurodegenerative disorders imply the presence of an excess of misfolded proteins known to lead to neuronal damage. In PD, Cu accumulates in the brain, binds α-synuclein, and initiates its aggregation. We assessed the correlation between neuronal differentiation, Cu homeostasis regulation, and α-synuclein phosphorylation. At this purpose, we used differentiated SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells to reproduce some of the characteristics of the dopaminergic neurons. Here, we reported that differentiated cells expressed a significantly higher amount of a copper transporter protein 1 (CTR1), increasing the copper uptake. Cells also showed a significantly more phosphorylated form of α-synuclein, further increased by copper treatment, without modifications in α-synuclein levels. This effect depended on the upregulation of the polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2), whereas the levels of the relative protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) remained unvaried. No changes in the oxidative state of the cells were identified. The Cu dependent alteration of α-synuclein phosphorylation pattern might potentially offer new opportunities for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Greco
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Chiara Carmela Spinelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Lidia De Riccardis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Alessandro Buccolieri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Simona Di Giulio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Debora Musarò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Pagano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Daniela Manno
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.C.S.); (L.D.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.G.); (D.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298670
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15
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Kim JH, Matsubara T, Lee J, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Han K, Kim D, Jia S, Chang CJ, Yang H, Nagano T, Krausz KW, Yim SH, Gonzalez FJ. Lysosomal SLC46A3 modulates hepatic cytosolic copper homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:290. [PMID: 33436590 PMCID: PMC7804329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic toxicity associated with prominent lipid accumulation in humans. Here, the authors report that the lysosomal copper transporter SLC46A3 is induced by TCDD and underlies the hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, potentially via effects on mitochondrial function. SLC46A3 was localized to the lysosome where it modulated intracellular copper levels. Forced expression of hepatic SLC46A3 resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and abnormal mitochondria morphology consistent with lower copper levels. SLC46A3 expression increased hepatic lipid accumulation similar to the known effects of TCDD exposure in mice and humans. The TCDD-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation was significantly decreased in Slc46a3-/- mice and was more pronounced when these mice were fed a high-fat diet, as compared to wild-type mice. These data are consistent with a model where lysosomal SLC46A3 induction by TCDD leads to cytosolic copper deficiency resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction leading to lower lipid catabolism, thus linking copper status to mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and TCDD-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyungreem Han
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomokazu Nagano
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Yim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 41163, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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16
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Sudhahar V, Okur MN, O'Bryan JP, Minshall RD, Fulton D, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T. Caveolin-1 stabilizes ATP7A, a copper transporter for extracellular SOD, in vascular tissue to maintain endothelial function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C933-C944. [PMID: 32936699 PMCID: PMC7789967 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00151.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a scaffolding protein and a major component of caveolae/lipid rafts. Previous reports have shown that endothelial dysfunction in Cav-1-deficient (Cav-1-/-) mice is mediated by elevated oxidative stress through endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and increased NADPH oxidase. Oxidant stress is the net balance of oxidant generation and scavenging, and the role of Cav-1 as a regulator of antioxidant enzymes in vascular tissue is poorly understood. Extracellular SOD (SOD3) is a copper (Cu)-containing enzyme that is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells/fibroblasts and subsequently binds to the endothelial cells surface, where it scavenges extracellular [Formula: see text] and preserves endothelial function. SOD3 activity is dependent on Cu, supplied by the Cu transporter ATP7A, but whether Cav-1 regulates the ATP7A-SOD3 axis and its role in oxidative stress-mediated vascular dysfunction has not been studied. Here we show that the activity of SOD3, but not SOD1, was significantly decreased in Cav-1-/- vessels, which was rescued by re-expression of Cav-1 or Cu supplementation. Loss of Cav-1 reduced ATP7A protein, but not mRNA, and this was mediated by ubiquitination of ATP7A and proteasomal degradation. ATP7A bound to Cav-1 and was colocalized with SOD3 in caveolae/lipid rafts or perinucleus in vascular tissues or cells. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in Cav-1-/- mice was rescued by gene transfer of SOD3 or by ATP7A-overexpressing transgenic mice. These data reveal an unexpected role of Cav-1 in stabilizing ATP7A protein expression by preventing its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby increasing SOD3 activity, which in turn protects against vascular oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadarajan Sudhahar
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mustafa Nazir Okur
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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17
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Zaccak M, Qasem Z, Gevorkyan-Airapetov L, Ruthstein S. An EPR Study on the Interaction between the Cu(I) Metal Binding Domains of ATP7B and the Atox1 Metallochaperone. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155536. [PMID: 32748830 PMCID: PMC7432781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper’s essentiality and toxicity mean it requires a sophisticated regulation system for its acquisition, cellular distribution and excretion, which until now has remained elusive. Herein, we applied continuous wave (CW) and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution to resolve the copper trafficking mechanism in humans, by considering the route travelled by Cu(I) from the metallochaperone Atox1 to the metal binding domains of ATP7B. Our study revealed that Cu(I) is most likely mediated by the binding of the Atox1 monomer to metal binding domain 1 (MBD1) and MBD4 of ATP7B in the final part of its extraction pathway, while the other MBDs mediate this interaction and participate in copper transfer between the various MBDs to the ATP7B membrane domain. This research also proposes that MBD1-3 and MBD4-6 act as two independent units.
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Soczewka P, Flis K, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, di Rago JP, Santos CN, Menezes R, Kaminska J, Zoladek T. Flavonoids as Potential Drugs for VPS13-Dependent Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E828. [PMID: 32708255 PMCID: PMC7397310 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several rare neurodegenerative diseases, including chorea acanthocytosis, are caused by mutations in the VPS13A-D genes. Only symptomatic treatments for these diseases are available. Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a unique VPS13 gene and the yeast vps13Δ mutant has been proven as a suitable model for drug tests. A library of drugs and an in-house library of natural compounds and their derivatives were screened for molecules preventing the growth defect of vps13Δ cells on medium with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Seven polyphenols, including the iron-binding flavone luteolin, were identified. The structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of luteolin were characterized. The FET4 gene, which encodes an iron transporter, was found to be a multicopy suppressor of vps13Δ, pointing out the importance of iron in response to SDS stress. The growth defect of vps13Δ in SDS-supplemented medium was also alleviated by the addition of iron salts. Suppression did not involve cell antioxidant responses, as chemical antioxidants were not active. Our findings support that luteolin and iron may target the same cellular process, possibly the synthesis of sphingolipids. Unveiling the mechanisms of action of chemical and genetic suppressors of vps13Δ may help to better understand VPS13A-D-dependent pathogenesis and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Soczewka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (K.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Flis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (K.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux University, CEDEX, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (D.T.-T.); (J.-P.d.R.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux University, CEDEX, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (D.T.-T.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Cláudia N. Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.N.S.); (R.M.)
- CEDOC—Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana n° 6, 6-A Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Regina Menezes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. República, Qta. do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (C.N.S.); (R.M.)
- CEDOC—Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua Câmara Pestana n° 6, 6-A Edifício CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (K.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (P.S.); (K.F.); (J.K.)
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19
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Zhang X, Blockhuys S, Devkota R, Pilon M, Wittung-Stafshede P. The Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of human copper chaperone Atox1, CUC-1, aids in distal tip cell migration. Biometals 2020; 33:147-157. [PMID: 32506305 PMCID: PMC7295847 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental biological process involved in for example embryonic development, immune system and wound healing. Cell migration is also a key step in cancer metastasis and the human copper chaperone Atox1 was recently found to facilitate this process in breast cancer cells. To explore the role of the copper chaperone in other cell migration processes, we here investigated the putative involvement of an Atox1 homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans, CUC-1, in distal tip cell migration, which is a key process during the development of the C. elegans gonad. Using knock-out worms, in which the cuc-1 gene was removed by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we probed life span, brood size, as well as distal tip cell migration in the absence or presence of supplemented copper. Upon scoring of gonads, we found that cuc-1 knock-out, but not wild-type, worms exhibited distal tip cell migration defects in approximately 10–15% of animals and, had a significantly reduced brood size. Importantly, the distal tip cell migration defect was rescued by a wild-type cuc-1 transgene provided to cuc-1 knock-out worms. The results obtained here for C. elegans CUC-1 imply that Atox1 homologs, in addition to their well-known cytoplasmic copper transport, may contribute to developmental cell migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Blockhuys
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Pilon
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Rasool B, Karpinska B, Pascual J, Kangasjärvi S, Foyer CH. Catalase, glutathione, and protein phosphatase 2A-dependent organellar redox signalling regulate aphid fecundity under moderate and high irradiance. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:209-222. [PMID: 31702837 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Redox processes regulate plant/insect responses, but the precise roles of environmental triggers and specific molecular components remain poorly defined. Aphid fecundity and plant responses were therefore measured in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in either catalase 2 (cat2), different protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunits or glutathione (cad2, pad2, and clt1) under either moderate (250 μmol m-2 s-1 ) or high (800 μmol m-2 s-1 ) light. Aphid fecundity was decreased in pp2a-b'γ, cat2 and the cat2 pp2a-b'γ double mutants relative to the wild type under moderate irradiance. High light decreased aphid numbers in all genotypes except for cat2. Aphid fecundity was similar in the cat2 and glutathione-, phytoalexin-, and glucosinolate-deficient cat2cad2 double mutants under both irradiances. Aphid-induced increases in transcripts encoding the abscisic acid-related ARABIDOPSIS ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN 1 transcription factor were observed only under moderate light. Conversely, aphid induced increases in transcripts encoding the jasmonate-synthesis enzyme ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE 3 was observed in all genotypes only under high light. Aphid-induced increases in REDOX RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 mRNAs were observed in all genotypes except pp2a-b'ζ1-1 under both irradiances. Aphid fecundity is therefore regulated by cellular redox signalling that is mediated, at least in part, through PP2A-dependent mitochondria to nucleus signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brwa Rasool
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- Technical College of Applied Science, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, 46001, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
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21
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Meir A, Lepechkin-Zilbermintz V, Kahremany S, Schwerdtfeger F, Gevorkyan-Airapetov L, Munder A, Viskind O, Gruzman A, Ruthstein S. Inhibiting the copper efflux system in microbes as a novel approach for developing antibiotics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227070. [PMID: 31887125 PMCID: PMC6936879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Five out of six people receive at least one antibiotic prescription per year. However, the ever-expanding use of antibiotics in medicine, agriculture, and food production has accelerated the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which, in turn, made the development of novel antibiotics based on new molecular targets a priority in medicinal chemistry. One way of possibly combatting resistant bacterial infections is by inhibiting the copper transporters in prokaryotic cells. Copper is a key element within all living cells, but it can be toxic in excess. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have developed distinct copper regulation systems to prevent its toxicity. Therefore, selectively targeting the prokaryotic copper regulation system might be an initial step in developing next-generation antibiotics. One such system is the Gram-negative bacterial CusCFBA efflux system. CusB is a key protein in this system and was previously reported to play an important role in opening the channel for efflux via significant structural changes upon copper binding while also controlling the assembly and disassembly process of the entire channel. In this study, we aimed to develop novel peptide copper channel blockers, designed by in silico calculations based on the structure of CusB. Using a combination of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and various biochemical methods, we found a lead peptide that promotes copper-induced cell toxicity. Targeting copper transport in bacteria has not yet been pursued as an antibiotic mechanism of action. Thus, our study lays the foundation for discovering novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Meir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Shirin Kahremany
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Munder
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Olga Viskind
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- * E-mail: (SR); (AG)
| | - Sharon Ruthstein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- * E-mail: (SR); (AG)
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22
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Mansilla N, Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Arabidopsis SCO Proteins Oppositely Influence Cytochrome c Oxidase Levels and Gene Expression during Salinity Stress. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:2769-2784. [PMID: 31418792 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SCO (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase) proteins are involved in the insertion of copper during the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the final enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Two SCO proteins, namely, homolog of copper chaperone 1 and 2 (HCC1 and HCC2) are present in seed plants, but HCC2 lacks the residues involved in copper binding, leading to uncertainties about its function. In this study, we performed a transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana plants with reduced expression of HCC1 or HCC2. We observed that a deficiency in HCC1 causes a decrease in the expression of several stress-responsive genes, both under basal growth conditions and after applying a short-term high salinity treatment. In addition, HCC1 deficient plants show a faster decrease in chlorophyll content, photosystem II quantum efficiency and COX levels after salinity stress, as well as a faster increase in alternative oxidase capacity. Notably, HCC2 deficiency causes opposite changes in most of these parameters. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis indicated that both proteins are able to interact. We postulate that HCC1 is a limiting factor for COX assembly during high salinity conditions and that HCC2 probably acts as a negative modulator of HCC1 activity through protein-protein interactions. In addition, a direct or indirect role of HCC1 and HCC2 in the gene expression response to stress is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog�a del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), C�tedra de Biolog�a Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioqu�mica y Ciencias Biol�gicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog�a del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), C�tedra de Biolog�a Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioqu�mica y Ciencias Biol�gicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnolog�a del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), C�tedra de Biolog�a Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioqu�mica y Ciencias Biol�gicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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23
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Nardella MI, Rosato A, Belviso BD, Caliandro R, Natile G, Arnesano F. Oxidation of Human Copper Chaperone Atox1 and Disulfide Bond Cleavage by Cisplatin and Glutathione. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184390. [PMID: 31500118 PMCID: PMC6769983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cope with high oxidative stress levels, characterized by a shift toward the oxidized form (GSSG) of glutathione (GSH) in the redox couple GSSG/2GSH. Under these conditions, the cytosolic copper chaperone Atox1, which delivers Cu(I) to the secretory pathway, gets oxidized, i.e., a disulfide bond is formed between the cysteine residues of the Cu(I)-binding CxxC motif. Switching to the covalently-linked form, sulfur atoms are not able to bind the Cu(I) ion and Atox1 cannot play an antioxidant role. Atox1 has also been implicated in the resistance to platinum chemotherapy. In the presence of excess GSH, the anticancer drug cisplatin binds to Cu(I)-Atox1 but not to the reduced apoprotein. With the aim to investigate the interaction of cisplatin with the disulfide form of the protein, we performed a structural characterization in solution and in the solid state of oxidized human Atox1 and explored its ability to bind cisplatin under conditions mimicking an oxidizing environment. Cisplatin targets a methionine residue of oxidized Atox1; however, in the presence of GSH as reducing agent, the drug binds irreversibly to the protein with ammine ligands trans to Cys12 and Cys15. The results are discussed with reference to the available literature data and a mechanism is proposed connecting platinum drug processing to redox and copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Nardella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Amendola, 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Amendola, 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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24
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Saito K, Watanabe K, Yanaoka R, Kageyama L, Miura T. Potential role of serotonin as a biological reductant associated with copper transportation. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110770. [PMID: 31336257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is derived from tryptophan. Owing to a hydroxyl group attached to the indole nucleus, 5-HT exhibits a considerably higher redox activity than tryptophan. To gain insight into the biological relevance of the redox activity of 5-HT, the effect of Cu(I)-binding ligands on the 5-HT-mediated copper reduction was investigated. The d-d transition band of Cu(II) complexed with glycine [Cu(II)-Gly2] was not affected by addition of 5-HT alone but was diminished when a thioether-containing compound coexists with 5-HT. Concomitant with disappearance of the d-d transition band of Cu(II)-Gly2, the π-π* transition band of 5-hydroxyindole of 5-HT exhibits a red-shift which is consistently explained by oxidation of 5-HT and subsequent formation of a dimeric species. The redox reactions between 5-HT and copper are also accelerated by a peptide composed of a methionine (Met)-rich region in the extracellular domain of an integral membrane protein, copper transporter 1 (Ctr1). Since Ctr1 transports copper across the plasma membrane with specificity for Cu(I), reduction of extracellular Cu(II) to Cu(I) is required for copper uptake by Ctr1. Metalloreductases that can donate Cu(I) for Ctr1 have been identified in yeast but not yet been found in mammals. The results of this study indicate that the Met-rich region in the N-terminal extracellular domain of Ctr1 promotes the 5-HT-mediated Cu(II) reduction in order to acquire Cu(I) via a non-enzymatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Saito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru 2600-1, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kasumi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru 2600-1, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Risa Yanaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru 2600-1, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Lisa Kageyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru 2600-1, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru 2600-1, Otawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
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25
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Hoppen C, Müller L, Hänsch S, Uzun B, Milić D, Meyer AJ, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Groth G. Soluble and membrane-bound protein carrier mediate direct copper transport to the ethylene receptor family. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10715. [PMID: 31341214 PMCID: PMC6656775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is a key regulator of plant growth, development and stress adaption. Ethylene perception and response are mediated by a family of integral membrane receptors (ETRs) localized at the ER-Golgi network. The biological function of these receptors relies on a protein-bound copper cofactor. Nonetheless, molecular processes and structures controlling assembly and integration of the metal into the functional plant hormone receptor are still unknown. Here, we have explored the molecular pathways of copper transfer from the plant cytosol to the ethylene receptor family by analyzing protein-protein interactions of receptors with soluble and membrane-bound plant copper carriers. Our results suggest that receptors primarily acquire their metal cofactor from copper transporter RESPONSIVE-TO-ANTAGONIST-1 (RAN1) which has been loaded with the transition metal beforehand by soluble copper carriers of the ATX1-family. In addition, we found evidence for a direct interaction of ETRs with soluble chaperones ANTIOXIDANT-1 (ATX1) and COPPER TRANSPORT PROTEIN (CCH) raising the possibility of a direct copper exchange between soluble chaperones and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hoppen
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Lena Müller
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Center for Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Buket Uzun
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Dalibor Milić
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 5, University of Vienna, 1030, Wien, Austria
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES - Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Center for Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Georg Groth
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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26
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Ellison MA, Lederer AR, Warner MH, Mavrich TN, Raupach EA, Heisler LE, Nislow C, Lee MT, Arndt KM. The Paf1 Complex Broadly Impacts the Transcriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2019; 212:711-728. [PMID: 31092540 PMCID: PMC6614894 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polymerase Associated Factor 1 complex (Paf1C) is a multifunctional regulator of eukaryotic gene expression important for the coordination of transcription with chromatin modification and post-transcriptional processes. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the functions of Paf1C combine to regulate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptome. While previous studies focused on the roles of Paf1C in controlling mRNA levels, here, we took advantage of a genetic background that enriches for unstable transcripts, and demonstrate that deletion of PAF1 affects all classes of Pol II transcripts including multiple classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). By conducting a de novo differential expression analysis independent of gene annotations, we found that Paf1 positively and negatively regulates antisense transcription at multiple loci. Comparisons with nascent transcript data revealed that many, but not all, changes in RNA levels detected by our analysis are due to changes in transcription instead of post-transcriptional events. To investigate the mechanisms by which Paf1 regulates protein-coding genes, we focused on genes involved in iron and phosphate homeostasis, which were differentially affected by PAF1 deletion. Our results indicate that Paf1 stimulates phosphate gene expression through a mechanism that is independent of any individual Paf1C-dependent histone modification. In contrast, the inhibition of iron gene expression by Paf1 correlates with a defect in H3 K36 trimethylation. Finally, we showed that one iron regulon gene, FET4, is coordinately controlled by Paf1 and transcription of upstream noncoding DNA. Together, these data identify roles for Paf1C in controlling both coding and noncoding regions of the yeast genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Ellison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Alex R Lederer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Marcie H Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Travis N Mavrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Elizabeth A Raupach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Lawrence E Heisler
- Terrance Donnelly Centre and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miler T Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Karen M Arndt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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27
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Ishihara K, Kawashita E, Shimizu R, Nagasawa K, Yasui H, Sago H, Yamakawa K, Akiba S. Copper accumulation in the brain causes the elevation of oxidative stress and less anxious behavior in Ts1Cje mice, a model of Down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:248-259. [PMID: 30660502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated oxidative stress (OS) is widely accepted to be involved in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). However, the mechanisms underlying the elevation of OS in DS are poorly understood. Biometals, in particular copper and iron, play roles in OS. We therefore focused on biometals in the brain with DS. In this study, we analyzed the profile of elements, including biometals, in the brain of Ts1Cje mice, a widely used genetic model of DS. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)-based comparative metallomic/elementomic analysis of Ts1Cje mouse brain revealed a higher level of copper in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, but not in the striatum, in comparison to wild-type littermates. The expression of the copper transporter CTR1, which is involved in the transport of copper into cells, was decreased in the ependymal cells of Ts1Cje mice, suggesting a decrease in the CTR1-mediated transport of copper into the ependymal cells, which excrete copper into the cerebrospinal fluid. To evaluate the pathological significance of the accumulation of copper in the brain of Ts1Cje mice, we examined the effects of a diet with a low copper content (LoCD) on the elevated lipid peroxidation, the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, and some behavioral anomalies. Reducing the copper concentration in the brain by an LoCD restored the enhanced lipid peroxidation and phosphorylation of tau in the brain and reduced anxiety-like behavior, but not hyperactivity or impaired spatial leaning, in Ts1Cje mice. The findings highlight the reduction of accumulation of copper in the brain may be a novel therapeutic strategy for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishihara
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Eri Kawashita
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryohei Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagasawa
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medecine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akiba
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Vanišová M, Burská D, Křížová J, Daňhelovská T, Dosoudilová Ž, Zeman J, Stibůrek L, Hansíková H. Stable COX17 Downregulation Leads to Alterations in Mitochondrial Ultrastructure, Decreased Copper Content and Impaired Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis in HEK293 Cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2019; 65:181-187. [PMID: 31903891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cox17 is an assembly factor that participates in early cytochrome c oxidase (COX, CcO) assembly stages. Cox17 shuttles copper ions from the cytosol to the mitochondria and, together with Sco1 and Sco2, provides copper ions to the Cox1 and Cox2 mitochondrially encoded subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cox17 also modulates mitochondrial membrane architecture due to the interaction of Cox17 with proteins of the MICOS complex (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system). There is currently no data regarding the impact of long-term Cox17 deficiency in human cells. Here, we present construction and characterization of three stable COX17 shRNA-downregulated HEK293 cell lines that have less than 10 % of the residual Cox17 protein level. Cox17-depleted cell lines exhibited decreased intramitochondrial copper content, decreased CcO subunit levels (Cox1, Cox4 and Cox5a) and accumulation of CcO subcomplexes. Similarly to yeast cells, mitochondria in Cox17-downregulated HEK293 cell lines exhibited ultrastructural changes including cristae reduction and mitochondrial swelling. Characterization of the molecular pathogenesis of long-term Cox17 deficiency complements our knowledge of the mitochondrial copper metabolism and assembly of cytochrome c oxidase in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanišová
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Burská
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Křížová
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Daňhelovská
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ž Dosoudilová
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Zeman
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Stibůrek
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Hansíková
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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