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Yun S, Huang J, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang X, Zhou Y. Preliminary identification and semi-quantitative characterization of a multi-faceted high-stability alginate lyase from marine microbe Seonamhaeicola algicola with anti-biofilm effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 175:110408. [PMID: 38309052 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyases with unique characteristics for degrading alginate into size-defined oligosaccharide fractions, were considered as the potential agents for disrupting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. In our study, a novel endolytic PL-7 alginate lyase, named AlyG2, was cloned and expressed through Escherichia coli. This enzyme exhibited excellent properties: it maintained more than 85% activity at low temperatures of 4 °C and high temperatures of 70 °C. After 1 h of incubation at 4 °C, it still retained over 95% activity, demonstrating the ability to withstand low temperature. The acid-base and salt tolerance properties shown it preserves more than 50% activity in the pH range of 5.0 to 11.0 and in a high salt environment at 3000 mM NacCl, indicating its high stability in several aspects. More importantly, AlyG2 in our research was revealed to be effective at removing mature biofilms and inhibiting biofilm formation produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the inhibition and disruption rates were 47.25 ± 4.52% and 26.5 ± 6.72%, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme AlyG2 promoted biofilm disruption in combination with antibiotics, particularly manifesting the synergistic effect with erythromycin (FIC=0.5). In all, these results offered that AlyG2 with unique characteristics may be an effective technique for the clearance or disruption of biofilm produced by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiting Yun
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jinping Huang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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2
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Yano N, Kondo T, Kusaka K, Arakawa T, Sakamoto T, Fushinobu S. Charge neutralization and β-elimination cleavage mechanism of family 42 L-rhamnose-α-1,4-D-glucuronate lyase revealed using neutron crystallography. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105774. [PMID: 38382672 PMCID: PMC10951650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic (GA) is widely used as an emulsion stabilizer and edible coating and consists of a complex carbohydrate moiety with a rhamnosyl-glucuronate group capping the non-reducing ends. Enzymes that can specifically cleave the glycosidic chains of GA and modify their properties are valuable for structural analysis and industrial application. Cryogenic X-ray crystal structure of GA-specific L-rhamnose-α-1,4-D-glucuronate lyase from Fusarium oxysporum (FoRham1), belonging to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 42, has been previously reported. To determine the specific reaction mechanism based on its hydrogen-containing enzyme structure, we performed joint X-ray/neutron crystallography of FoRham1. Large crystals were grown in the presence of L-rhamnose (a reaction product), and neutron and X-ray diffraction datasets were collected at room temperature at 1.80 and 1.25 Å resolutions, respectively. The active site contained L-rhamnose and acetate, the latter being a partial analog of glucuronate. Incomplete H/D exchange between Arg166 and acetate suggested that a strong salt-bridge interaction was maintained. Doubly deuterated His105 and deuterated Tyr150 supported the interaction between Arg166 and the acetate. The unique hydrogen-rich environment functions as a charge neutralizer for glucuronate and stabilizes the oxyanion intermediate. The NE2 atom of His85 was deprotonated and formed a hydrogen bond with the deuterated O1 hydroxy of L-rhamnose, indicating the function of His85 as the base/acid catalyst for bond cleavage via β-elimination. Asp83 functions as a pivot between the two catalytic histidine residues by bridging them. This His-His-Asp structural motif is conserved in the PL 24, 25, and 42 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomine Yano
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kondo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kusaka
- Neutron Industrial Application Promotion Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Chen C, Li X, Lu C, Zhou X, Chen L, Qiu C, Jin Z, Long J. Advances in alginate lyases and the potential application of enzymatic prepared alginate oligosaccharides: A mini review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129506. [PMID: 38244735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Alginate is mainly a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly arranged β-D-mannuronic acid and α-L-guluronic acid linked by α, β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds. Alginate lyases degrade alginate mainly adopting a β-elimination mechanism, breaking the glycosidic bonds between the monomers and forming a double bond between the C4 and C5 sugar rings to produce alginate oligosaccharides consisting of 2-25 monomers, which have various physiological functions. Thus, it can be used for the continuous industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization, in accordance with the requirements of green exploitation of marine resources. With the development of structural analysis, the quantity of characterized alginate lyase structures is progressively growing, leading to a concomitant improvement in understanding the catalytic mechanism. Additionally, the use of molecular modification methods including rational design, truncated expression of non-catalytic domains, and recombination of conserved domains can improve the catalytic properties of the original enzyme, enabling researchers to screen out the enzyme with the expected excellent performance with high success rate and less workload. This review presents the latest findings on the catalytic mechanism of alginate lyases and outlines the methods for molecular modifications. Moreover, it explores the connection between the degree of polymerization and the physiological functions of alginate oligosaccharides, providing a reference for enzymatic preparation development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingfei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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4
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Gu X, Fu L, Wang Z, Cao Z, Zhao L, Seswita-Zilda D, Zhang A, Zhang Q, Li J. A Novel Bifunctional Alginate Lyase and Antioxidant Activity of the Enzymatic Hydrolysates. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:4116-4126. [PMID: 38372665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyase Aly448, a potential new member of the polysaccharide lyase (PL) 7 family, which was cloned and identified from the macroalgae-associated bacterial metagenomic library, showed bifunctionality. The molecular docking results revealed that Aly448 has two completely different binding sites for alginate (polyMG), poly-α-l-guluronic acid (polyG), and poly-β-d-mannuronic acid (polyM) substrates, respectively, which might be the molecular basis for the enzyme's bifunctionality. Truncational results confirmed that predicted key residues affected the bifunctionality of Aly448, but did not wholly explain. Besides, Aly448 presented excellent biochemical characteristics, such as higher thermal stability and pH tolerance. Degradation of polyMG, polyM, and polyG substrates by Aly448 produced tetrasaccharide (DP4), disaccharide (DP2), and galactose (DP1), which exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. These findings provide novel insights into the substrate recognition mechanism of bifunctional alginate lyases and pave a new path for the exploitation of natural antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Luying Zhao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Dewi Seswita-Zilda
- Research Center for Deep Sea, Earth Sciences and Maritime Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya, Pademangan, North Jakarta City, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Ao Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
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5
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Cui Y, Yang M, Liu N, Wang S, Sun Y, Sun G, Mou H, Zhou D. Computer-Aided Rational Design Strategy to Improve the Thermal Stability of Alginate Lyase AlyMc. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3055-3065. [PMID: 38298105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyase degrades alginate by the β-elimination mechanism to produce unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS), which have better bioactivities than saturated AOS. Enhancing the thermal stability of alginate lyases is crucial for their industrial applications. In this study, a feasible and efficient rational design strategy was proposed by combining the computer-aided ΔΔG value calculation with the B-factor analysis. Two thermal stability-enhanced mutants, Q246V and K249V, were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. Particularly, the t1/2, 50 °C for mutants Q246V and K249V was increased from 2.36 to 3.85 and 3.65 h, respectively. Remarkably, the specific activities of Q246V and K249V were enhanced to 2.41- and 2.96-fold that of alginate lyase AlyMc, respectively. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that mutations enhanced the hydrogen bond networks and the overall rigidity of the molecular structure. Notably, mutant Q246V exhibited excellent thermal stability among the PL-7 alginate lyase family, especially considering the heightened enzymatic activity. Moreover, the rational design strategy used in this study can effectively improve the thermal stability of enzymes and has important significance in advancing applications of alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Cui
- College of Food Science, Ocean University of Shanghai, Shanghai 201306, China
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Min Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Guohui Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Deqing Zhou
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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6
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Li J, Xue C, Shen J, Liu G, Mei X, Sun M, Chang Y. Action Pattern of a Novel G-Specific Alginate Lyase: Determination of Subsite Specificity by HPAEC-PAD/MS. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1170-1177. [PMID: 38111122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
G-specific alginate lyases are important tools for alginate fragment biodegradation and oligosaccharide production, which have great potential in alginate refining research. In this research, a novel G-specific alginate lyase Aly7Ce was cloned, expressed, and characterized, with the optimal reaction conditions at 30 °C and pH 8.0. By employing the UPSEC-VWD-MS method, Aly7Ce was confirmed as a random endoacting alginate lyase. Its minimum substrate was tetrasaccharide, and the final product majorly consisted of disaccharide to tetrasaccharide. HPAEC-PAD/MS method was employed to investigate the structurally different unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides. The substrate recognition and subsite specificity of Aly7Ce were revealed by detecting the oligosaccharide pattern in the enzymatic products with oligosaccharides or polysaccharides as substrates. Aly7Ce mainly attacked the second glycosidic linkage from the nonreducing end of oligosaccharide substrates. The subsite specificity of Aly7Ce was revealed as -2 (M/G), - 1 (G), + 1 (M/G), and +2 (M/G). The regular oligosaccharide products of Aly7Ce could be applied for the efficient preparation of ΔG, ΔGG, and ΔGGG with high purity. The G-specific alginate lyase Aly7Ce with a well-defined product composition and action pattern provided a novel tool for the modification and structural elucidation of alginate, as well as for the targeted preparation of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Guanchen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xuanwei Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Menghui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
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7
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Xiao Z, Li K, Li T, Zhang F, Xue J, Zhao M, Yin H. Characterization and Mechanism Study of a Novel PL7 Family Exolytic Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacteria Vibrio sp. W13. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:68-84. [PMID: 37099125 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyase can degrade alginate into oligosaccharides through β-elimination for various biological, biorefinery, and agricultural purposes. Here, we report a novel PL7 family exolytic alginate lyase VwAlg7A from marine bacteria Vibrio sp. W13 and achieve the heterologous expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). VwAlg7A is 348aa with a calculated molecular weight of 36 kDa, containing an alginate lyase 2 domain. VwAlg7A exhibits specificity towards poly-guluronate. The optimal temperature and pH of VwAlg7A are 30 °C and 7.0, respectively. The activity of VwAlg7A can be significantly inhibited by the Ni2+, Zn2+, and NaCl. The Km and Vmax of VwAlg7A are 36.9 mg/ml and 395.6 μM/min, respectively. The ESI and HPAEC-PAD results indicate that VwAlg7A cleaves the sugar bond in an exolytic mode. Based on the molecular docking and mutagenesis results, we further confirmed that R98, H169, and Y303 are important catalytic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin Xiao
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tang Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fanxing Zhang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiayi Xue
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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8
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Zhang W, Ren H, Wang X, Dai Q, Liu X, Ni D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Mu W. Rational design for thermostability improvement of a novel PL-31 family alginate lyase from Paenibacillus sp. YN15. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126919. [PMID: 37717863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) become attractive due to their excellent physiological effects. AOS has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Generally, AOS can be produced from alginate using alginate lyase (ALyase) as the biocatalyst. However, most ALyase display poor thermostability. In this study, a thermostable ALyase from Paenibacillus sp. YN15 (Payn ALyase) was characterized. It belonged to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) 31 family and displayed poly β-D-mannuronate (Poly M) preference. Under the optimum condition (pH 8.0, 55 °C, 50 mM NaCl), it exhibited maximum activity of 90.3 U/mg and efficiently degraded alginate into monosaccharides and AOS with polymerization (DP) of 2-4. Payn ALyase was relatively stable at 55 °C, but the thermostability dropped rapidly at higher temperatures. To further improve its thermostability, rational design mutagenesis was carried out based on a combination of FireProt, Consensus Finder, and PROSS analysis. Finally, a triple-point mutant K71P/Y129G/S213G was constructed. The optimum temperature was increased from 55 to 70 °C, and the Tm was increased from 62.7 to 64.1 °C. The residual activity after 30 min incubation at 65 °C was enhanced from 36.0 % to 83.3 %. This study provided a promising ALyase mutant for AOS industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Hu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Quanyu Dai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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9
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Guo Q, Dan M, Zheng Y, Shen J, Zhao G, Wang D. Improving the thermostability of a novel PL-6 family alginate lyase by rational design engineering for industrial preparation of alginate oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125998. [PMID: 37499708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is degraded into alginate oligosaccharides with various biological activities by enzymes. However, the thermostability of the enzyme limits its industrial application. In this study, a novel PL-6 alginate lyase, AlyRm6A from Rhodothermus marinus 4252 was expressed and characterized. In addition, an efficient comprehensive strategy was proposed, including automatic design of heat-resistant mutants, multiple computer-aided ΔΔGfold value calculation, and conservative analysis of mutation sites. AlyRm6A has naturally high thermostability. Compared with the WT, T43I and Q216I kept their original activities, and their half-lives were increased from 3.68 h to 4.29 h and 4.54 h, melting point temperatures increased from 61.5 °C to 62.9 °C and 63.5 °C, respectively. The results of circular dichroism showed that both the mutants and the wild type had the characteristic peaks of β-sheet at 195 nm and 216 nm, which indicated that there was no significant effect on the secondary structure of the protein. Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) analyses suggest that the enhancement of the hydrophobic interaction network, improvement of molecular rigidity, and denser structure could improve the stability of AlyRm6A. To the best of our knowledge, our findings indicate that AlyRm6A mutants exhibit the highest thermostability among the characterized PL-6 alginate lyases, making them potential candidates for industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meiling Dan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ji Shen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Li H, Huang X, Yao S, Zhang C, Hong X, Wu T, Jiang Z, Ni H, Zhu Y. Characterization of a bifunctional and endolytic alginate lyase from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 and its application in alginate oligosaccharides production from Laminaria japonica. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 200:106171. [PMID: 36103937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diverse biological activities of alginate oligosaccharides attracted extensive exploration of alginate lyases with various substrate specificity and enzymatic properties. In this study, an alginate lyase from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1, namely AlgL7, was phylogenetically classified into the polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). The conserved amino acid residues Tyr606 and His499 in AlgL7 were predicted to act as the general acid/base catalysts. The enzyme was enzymatically characterized after heterologous expression and purification in E. coli. AlgL7 displayed optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0. It had good stability at temperature below 35 °C and within a pH range of 5.0-10.0. AlgL7 exhibited good stability against the reducing reagent β-ME and the surfactants of Tween-20 and Triton X-100. The degradation profiles of alginate indicated AlgL7 was a bifunctional endolytic alginate lyase generating alginate oligosaccharides with the degrees of polymerization 2-4. The degradation products of sodium alginate exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than the untreated polysaccharide. In addition, AlgL7 could directly digest Laminaria japonica to produce alginate oligosaccharides. These characteristics of AlgL7 offer a great potential of its application in high-value utilization of brown algae resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shuxiang Yao
- Xiamen Institute of Software Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xuan Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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11
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Zhang MJ, Yun ST, Wang XC, Peng LY, Dou C, Zhou YX. Insights into the Influence of Signal Peptide on the Enzymatic Properties of Alginate Lyase AlyI1 with Removal Effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120753. [PMID: 36547900 PMCID: PMC9787728 DOI: 10.3390/md20120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Most reports on signal peptides focus on their ability to affect the normal folding of proteins, thereby affecting their secreted expression, while few studies on its effects on enzymatic properties were published. Therefore, biochemical characterization and comparison of alginate lyase rALYI1/rALYI1-1 (rALYI1: without signal peptides; rALYI1-1:with signal peptides) were conducted in our study, and the results showed that the signal peptide affected the biochemical properties, especially in temperature and pH. rALYI1 (32.15 kDa) belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 7 was cloned from sea-cucumber-gut bacterium Tamlana sp. I1. The optimum temperature of both rALYI1 and rALYI1-1 was 40 °C, but the former had a wider optimum temperature range and better thermal stability. The optimum pH of rALYI1 and rALYI1-1 were 7.6 and 8.6, respectively. The former was more stable and acid resistant. Noticeably, rALYI1 was a salt-activated enzyme and displayed remarkable salt tolerance. Alginate, an essential polysaccharide in algae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, is composed of α-L-guluronate and β-D-mannuronate. It is also found in our study that rALYI1 is also effective in removing mature biofilms compared with controls. In conclusion, the signal peptide affects several biochemical properties of the enzyme, and alginate lyase rALYI1 may be an effective method for inhibiting biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai-Ting Yun
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Li-Yang Peng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Chuan Dou
- Shangdong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bingzhou 256600, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sun XM, Xue Z, Sun ML, Zhang Y, Zhang YZ, Fu HH, Zhang YQ, Wang P. Characterization of a Novel Alginate Lyase with Two Alginate Lyase Domains from the Marine Bacterium Vibrio sp. C42. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120746. [PMID: 36547893 PMCID: PMC9781882 DOI: 10.3390/md20120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is abundant in the cell walls of brown algae. Alginate lyases can degrade alginate, and thus play an important role in the marine carbon cycle and industrial production. Currently, most reported alginate lyases contain only one functional alginate lyase domain. AlyC8 is a putative alginate lyase with two alginate lyase domains (CD1 and CD2) from the marine alginate-degrading strain Vibrio sp. C42. To characterize AlyC8 and its two catalytic domains, AlyC8 and its two catalytic domain-deleted mutants, AlyC8-CD1 and AlyC8-CD2, were expressed in Escherichia coli. All three proteins have noticeable activity toward sodium alginate and exhibit optimal activities at pH 8.0-9.0 and at 30-40 °C, demonstrating that both CD1 and CD2 are functional. However, CD1 and CD2 showed opposite substrate specificity. The differences in substrate specificity and degradation products of alginate between the mutants and AlyC8 demonstrate that CD1 and CD2 can act synergistically to enable AlyC8 to degrade various alginate substrates into smaller oligomeric products. Moreover, kinetic analysis indicated that AlyC8-CD1 plays a major role in the degradation of alginate by AlyC8. These results demonstrate that AlyC8 is a novel alginate lyase with two functional catalytic domains that are synergistic in alginate degradation, which is helpful for a better understanding of alginate lyases and alginate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhao Xue
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-Q.Z.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-Q.Z.); (P.W.)
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13
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Drouillard S, Poulet L, Boisset C, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Helbert W. NMR Analyses of the Enzymatic Degradation End-Products of Diabolican: The Secreted EPS of Vibrio diabolicus CNCM I-1629. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120731. [PMID: 36547878 PMCID: PMC9784351 DOI: 10.3390/md20120731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabolican, or HE800, is an exopolysaccharide secreted by the non-pathogenic Gram-negative marine bacterium Vibrio diabolicus (CNCM I-1629). This polysaccharide was enzymatically degraded by the Bacteroides cellulosilyticus WH2 hyaluronan lyase. The end products were purified by size-exclusion chromatography and their structures were analyzed in depth by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The oligosaccharide structures confirmed the possible site of cleavage of the enzyme showing plasticity in the substrate recognitions. The production of glycosaminoglycan-mimetic oligosaccharides of defined molecular weight and structure opens new perspectives in the valorization of the marine polysaccharide diabolican.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Poulet
- CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Boisset
- CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - William Helbert
- CERMAV, CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence:
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Yan F, Chen J, Cai T, Zhong J, Zhang S. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel endo-type alginate lyase from Microbulbifer sp. BY17. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:4522-4531. [PMID: 35137421 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), with various physiological effects, have been widely used in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. The biological enzymatic method of preparing AOS, using alginate lyase, has more advantages compared with physical and chemical methods. Cloning and heterologously expressing alginate lyase are therefore very important. RESULTS A novel alginate lyase, BY17PV7, from Microbulbifer sp. BY17, isolated from Gracilaria, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). BY17PV7 was about 27 KDa. BY17PV7 showed the greatest activity (150.42 ± 3.32 U/mg) at 43 °C and pH 8.9. It could be activated by Ca2+ , Mn2+ , Co2+ , Fe3+ , Na+ , and inhibited by Mg2+ , Zn2+ , Ba2+ , Cu2+ , sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). BY17PV7 had a wide range of substrate specificity and good degradation effects for poly β-D-mannuronate (polyM) and poly α-L-guluronate (polyG), demonstrating that it is a bifunctional alginate lyase. The kinetic parameters showed that BY17PV7 had a greater affinity for polyG. BY17PV7 released AOS with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-4 in an endolytic manner from sodium alginate. Alginate oligosaccharides showed strong antioxidant ability of reducing Fe3+ and scavenging radicals such as hydroxyl, 2,2-azion-bia (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). CONCLUSION A novel bifunctional alginate lyase, BY17PV7, was expressed and characterized in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The results were helpful for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of degrading patterns in the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junying Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ting Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinfu Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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15
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Wang J, Liu Z, Pan X, Wang N, Li L, Du Y, Li J, Li M. Structural and Biochemical Analysis Reveals Catalytic Mechanism of Fucoidan Lyase from Flavobacterium sp. SA-0082. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080533. [PMID: 36005536 PMCID: PMC9410043 DOI: 10.3390/md20080533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans represent a type of polyanionic fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) that are cleaved by fucoidan-degrading enzymes, producing low-molecular-weight fucoidans with multiple biological activities suitable for pharmacological use. Most of the reported fucoidan-degrading enzymes are glycoside hydrolases, which have been well studied for their structures and catalytic mechanisms. Little is known, however, about the rarer fucoidan lyases, primarily due to the lack of structural information. FdlA from Flavobacterium sp. SA-0082 is an endo-type fucoidan-degrading enzyme that cleaves the sulfated fuco-glucuronomannan (SFGM) through a lytic mechanism. Here, we report nine crystal structures of the catalytic N-terminal domain of FdlA (FdlA-NTD), in both its wild type (WT) and mutant forms, at resolutions ranging from 1.30 to 2.25 Å. We show that the FdlA-NTD adopts a right-handed parallel β-helix fold, and possesses a substrate binding site composed of a long groove and a unique alkaline pocket. Our structural, biochemical, and enzymological analyses strongly suggest that FdlA-NTD utilizes catalytic residues different from other β-helix polysaccharide lyases, potentially representing a novel polysaccharide lyase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zebin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Legong Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.L.)
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16
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Suzuki H, Morishima T, Handa A, Tsukagoshi H, Kato M, Shimizu M. Biochemical Characterization of a Pectate Lyase AnPL9 from Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5627-5643. [PMID: 35802235 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pectinolytic enzymes have diverse industrial applications. Among these, pectate lyases act on the internal α-1,4-linkage of the pectate backbone, playing a critical role in pectin degradation. While most pectate lyases characterized thus far are of bacterial origin, fungi can also be excellent sources of pectinolytic enzymes. In this study, we performed biochemical characterization of the pectate lyase AnPL9 belonging to the polysaccharide lyase family 9 (PL9) from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Recombinant AnPL9 was produced using a Pichia pastoris expression system and purified. AnPL9 exhibited high activity on homogalacturonan (HG), pectin from citrus peel, pectin from apple, and the HG region in rhamnogalacturonan-I. Although digalacturonic acid and trigalacturonic acid were not degraded by AnPL9, tetragalacturonic acid was converted to 4,5-unsaturated digalacturonic acid and digalacturonic acid. These results indicate that AnPL9 degrades HG oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization > 4. Furthermore, AnPL9 was stable within a neutral-to-alkaline pH range (pH 6.0-11.0). Our findings suggest that AnPL9 is a candidate pectate lyase for biotechnological applications in the food, paper, and textile industries. This is the first report on a fungal pectate lyase belonging to the PL9 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Toshiki Morishima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Atsuya Handa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shimizu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-0073, Japan.
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17
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Wang D, Li Y, Han L, Yin C, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Li G, Han F, Yu W. Biochemical Properties of a New Polysaccharide Lyase Family 25 Ulvan Lyase TsUly25B from Marine Bacterium Thalassomonas sp. LD5. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030168. [PMID: 35323467 PMCID: PMC8955879 DOI: 10.3390/md20030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae, contributing much to the bioeconomy, have inspired tremendous attention as sustainable raw materials. Ulvan, as one of the main structural components of green algae cell walls, can be degraded by ulvan lyase through the β-elimination mechanism to obtain oligosaccharides exhibiting several good physiological activities. Only a few ulvan lyases have been characterized until now. This thesis explores the properties of a new polysaccharide lyase family 25 ulvan lyase TsUly25B from the marine bacterium Thalassomonas sp. LD5. Its protein molecular weight was 54.54 KDa, and it was most active under the conditions of 60 °C and pH 9.0. The Km and kcat values were 1.01 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 10.52 ± 0.28 s−1, respectively. TsUly25B was salt-tolerant and NaCl can significantly improve its thermal stability. Over 80% of activity can be preserved after being incubated at 30 °C for two days when the concentration of NaCl in the solution is above 1 M, while 60% can be preserved after incubation at 40 °C for 10 h with 2 M NaCl. TsUly25B adopted an endolytic manner to degrade ulvan polysaccharides, and the main end-products were unsaturated ulvan disaccharides and tetrasaccharides. In conclusion, our research enriches the ulvan lyase library and advances the utilization of ulvan lyases in further fundamental research as well as ulvan oligosaccharides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengying Yin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-532-82032067 (F.H.); +86-532-82031680 (W.Y.)
| | - Wengong Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (D.W.); (Y.L.); (L.H.); (C.Y.); (Y.F.); (Q.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong Province, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-532-82032067 (F.H.); +86-532-82031680 (W.Y.)
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Xue Z, Sun XM, Chen C, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Fan SJ, Xu F. A Novel Alginate Lyase: Identification, Characterization, and Potential Application in Alginate Trisaccharide Preparation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:159. [PMID: 35323458 PMCID: PMC8953905 DOI: 10.3390/md20030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have many biological activities and significant applications in prebiotics, nutritional supplements, and plant growth development. Alginate lyases have unique advantages in the preparation of AOS. However, only a limited number of alginate lyases have been so far reported to have potentials in the preparation of AOS with specific degrees of polymerization. Here, an alginate-degrading strain Pseudoalteromonasarctica M9 was isolated from Sargassum, and five alginate lyases were predicted in its genome. These putative alginate lyases were expressed and their degradation products towards sodium alginate were analyzed. Among them, AlyM2 mainly generated trisaccharides, which accounted for 79.9% in the products. AlyM2 is a PL6 lyase with low sequence identity (≤28.3%) to the characterized alginate lyases and may adopt a distinct catalytic mechanism from the other PL6 alginate lyases based on sequence alignment. AlyM2 is a bifunctional endotype lyase, exhibiting the highest activity at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 0.5 M NaCl. AlyM2 predominantly produces trisaccharides from homopolymeric M block (PM), homopolymeric G block (PG), or sodium alginate, with a trisaccharide production of 588.4 mg/g from sodium alginate, indicating its promising potential in preparing trisaccharides from these polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xue
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Meng Sun
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Cui Chen
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Z.X.); (X.-M.S.); (C.C.); (Y.-Z.Z.)
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (X.-L.C.)
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19
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Zeng L, Li J, Cheng Y, Wang D, Gu J, Li F, Han W. Comparison of Biochemical Characteristics, Action Models, and Enzymatic Mechanisms of a Novel Exolytic and Two Endolytic Lyases with Mannuronate Preference. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120706. [PMID: 34940705 PMCID: PMC8705907 DOI: 10.3390/md19120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent explorations of tool-like alginate lyases have been focused on their oligosaccharide-yielding properties and corresponding mechanisms, whereas most were reported as endo-type with α-L-guluronate (G) preference. Less is known about the β-D-mannuronate (M) preference, whose commercial production and enzyme application is limited. In this study, we elucidated Aly6 of Flammeovirga sp. strain MY04 as a novel M-preferred exolytic bifunctional lyase and compared it with AlgLs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pae-AlgL) and Azotobacter vinelandii (Avi-AlgL), two typical M-specific endolytic lyases. This study demonstrated that the AlgL and heparinase_II_III modules play indispensable roles in determining the characteristics of the recombinant exo-type enzyme rAly6, which is preferred to degrade M-enriched substrates by continuously cleaving various monosaccharide units from the nonreducing end, thus yielding various size-defined ΔG-terminated oligosaccharides as intermediate products. By contrast, the endolytic enzymes Pae-rAlgL and Avi-rAlgL varied their action modes specifically against M-enriched substrates and finally degraded associated substrate chains into various size-defined oligosaccharides with a succession rule, changing from ΔM to ΔG-terminus when the product size increased. Furthermore, site-directed mutations and further protein structure tests indicated that H195NHSTW is an active, half-conserved, and essential enzyme motif. This study provided new insights into M-preferring lyases for novel resource discoveries, oligosaccharide preparations, and sequence determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghuan Zeng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.W.); (F.L.)
- United Post-Graduate Education Base of Shandong University and Jinan Enlighten Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Junge Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.W.); (F.L.)
- United Post-Graduate Education Base of Shandong University and Jinan Enlighten Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- United Post-Graduate Education Base of Shandong University and Jinan Enlighten Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.)
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Jingyan Gu
- United Post-Graduate Education Base of Shandong University and Jinan Enlighten Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Wenjun Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (L.Z.); (J.L.); (D.W.); (F.L.)
- United Post-Graduate Education Base of Shandong University and Jinan Enlighten Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China; (Y.C.); (J.G.)
- Activity Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15763908639
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20
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Meng Q, Tian X, Jiang B, Zhou L, Chen J, Zhang T. Characterization and enhanced extracellular overexpression of a new salt-activated alginate lyase. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:5154-5162. [PMID: 33608926 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate lyases (EC 4.4.2.3/4.4.2.11) have been applied to produce alginate oligosaccharides, which have physiological advantages such as prebiotic and antidiabetic effects, and are of benefit in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Extracellular production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli presents advantages including simplified downstream processing and high productivity; however, the presence of certain signal peptides does not always ensure successful secretion, which make the extracellular production of alginate lyase in E. coli rarely reported but of great significance. RESULTS A PL7 family alginate lyase, Aly01, with its native signal peptide from Vibrio natriegens SK42.001, was identified, characterized, and extracellularly expressed in E. coli. The enzyme specifically released trisaccharide from alginate and was strictly NaCl activated. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused with the Aly01 signal peptide and successfully secreted in E. coli to expand the feasibility of using this signal peptide to produce other heterologous proteins extracellularly. Through a synergistic strategy of utilizing Terrific Broth (TB) medium supplemented with 120 mmol L-1 glycine and 10 mmol L-1 calcium, the lag phase of protein secretion was reduced to 3 h from 12 h; meanwhile calcium remedied glycine-related cell growth impairment, leading to further enhancement of overall enzyme productivity, reaching a maximum of 4.55 U mL-1 . CONCLUSION A new salt-activated alginate lyase, Aly01, was identified and characterized. E. coli employed its signal peptide and extracellularly expressed both Aly01 and a GFP, which indicated the signal peptide of Aly01 could be a powerful tool for extracellular production of other heterologous proteins in E. coli. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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21
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Abstract
Alginate, which is mainly produced by brown algae and decomposed by heterotrophic bacteria, is an important marine organic carbon source. The genus Pseudoalteromonas contains diverse forms of heterotrophic bacteria that are widely distributed in marine environments and are an important group in alginate degradation. In this review, the diversity of alginate-degrading Pseudoalteromonas is introduced, and the characteristics of Pseudoalteromonas alginate lyases, including their sequences, enzymatic properties, structures, and catalytic mechanisms, and the synergistic effect of Pseudoalteromonas alginate lyases on alginate degradation are introduced. The acquisition of the alginate degradation capacity and the alginate utilization pathways of Pseudoalteromonas are also introduced. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of alginate degradation by Pseudoalteromonas, which will contribute to the understanding of the degradation and recycling of marine algal polysaccharides driven by marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian-Qian Cha
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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22
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Xu F, Dong F, Sun XH, Cao HY, Fu HH, Li CY, Zhang XY, McMinn A, Zhang YZ, Wang P, Chen XL. Mechanistic Insights into Substrate Recognition and Catalysis of a New Ulvan Lyase of Polysaccharide Lyase Family 24. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0041221. [PMID: 33771786 PMCID: PMC8174760 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00412-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulvan is an important marine polysaccharide. Bacterial ulvan lyases play important roles in ulvan degradation and marine carbon cycling. Until now, only a small number of ulvan lyases have been characterized. Here, a new ulvan lyase, Uly1, belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 24 (PL24) from the marine bacterium Catenovulum maritimum, is characterized. The optimal temperature and pH for Uly1 to degrade ulvan are 40°C and pH 9.0, respectively. Uly1 degrades ulvan polysaccharides in the endolytic manner, mainly producing ΔRha3S, consisting of an unsaturated 4-deoxy-l-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid and a 3-O-sulfated α-l-rhamnose. The structure of Uly1 was resolved at a 2.10-Å resolution. Uly1 adopts a seven-bladed β-propeller architecture. Structural and site-directed mutagenesis analyses indicate that four highly conserved residues, H128, H149, Y223, and R239, are essential for catalysis. H128 functions as both the catalytic acid and base, H149 and R239 function as the neutralizers, and Y223 plays a supporting role in catalysis. Structural comparison and sequence alignment suggest that Uly1 and many other PL24 enzymes may directly bind the substrate near the catalytic residues for catalysis, different from the PL24 ulvan lyase LOR_107, which adopts a two-stage substrate binding process. This study provides new insights into ulvan lyases and ulvan degradation. IMPORTANCE Ulvan is a major cell wall component of green algae of the genus Ulva. Many marine heterotrophic bacteria can produce extracellular ulvan lyases to degrade ulvan for a carbon nutrient. In addition, ulvan has a range of physiological bioactivities based on its specific chemical structure. Ulvan lyase thus plays an important role in marine carbon cycling and has great potential in biotechnological applications. However, only a small number of ulvan lyases have been characterized over the past 10 years. Here, based on biochemical and structural analyses, a new ulvan lyase of polysaccharide lyase family 24 is characterized, and its substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms are revealed. Moreover, a new substrate binding process adopted by PL24 ulvan lyases is proposed. This study offers a better understanding of bacterial ulvan lyases and is helpful for studying the application potentials of ulvan lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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23
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Cheng D, Jiang C, Xu J, Liu Z, Mao X. Characteristics and applications of alginate lyases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1304-1320. [PMID: 32745554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brown algae, as the main source of alginate, are a type of marine biomass with a very high output. Alginate, a polysaccharide composed of β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic acid (G), has great potential for applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate lyases (Alys) can degrade alginate polymers into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides, resulting in a broad application field. Alys can be used for both the production of alginate oligosaccharides and the biorefinery of brown algae. In view of their important functions, an increasing number of Alys have been isolated and characterized. For better application, a comprehensive understanding of Alys is essential. Therefore, in this paper, we summarized recently discovered Alys, discussed their characteristics, and introduced their structural properties, degradation patterns and biological roles in alginate-degrading organisms. In addition, applications of Alys have been illustrated with examples. This paper provides a relatively comprehensive description of Alys, which is significant for Alys exploration and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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24
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Xu F, Chen XL, Sun XH, Dong F, Li CY, Li PY, Ding H, Chen Y, Zhang YZ, Wang P. Structural and molecular basis for the substrate positioning mechanism of a new PL7 subfamily alginate lyase from the arctic. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16380-16392. [PMID: 32967968 PMCID: PMC7705320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play important roles in alginate degradation in the ocean. Although a large number of alginate lyases have been characterized, little is yet known about those in extremely cold polar environments, which may have unique mechanisms for environmental adaptation and for alginate degradation. Here, we report the characterization of a novel PL7 alginate lyase AlyC3 from Psychromonas sp. C-3 isolated from the Arctic brown alga Laminaria, including its phylogenetic classification, catalytic properties, and structure. We propose the establishment of a new PM-specific subfamily of PL7 (subfamily 6) represented by AlyC3 based on phylogenetic analysis and enzymatic properties. Structural and biochemical analyses showed that AlyC3 is a dimer, representing the first dimeric endo-alginate lyase structure. AlyC3 is activated by NaCl and adopts a novel salt-activated mechanism; that is, salinity adjusts the enzymatic activity by affecting its aggregation states. We further solved the structure of an inactive mutant H127A/Y244A in complex with a dimannuronate molecule and proposed the catalytic process of AlyC3 based on structural and biochemical analyses. We show that Arg82 and Tyr190 at the two ends of the catalytic canyon help the positioning of the repeated units of the substrate and that His127, Tyr244, Arg78, and Gln125 mediate the catalytic reaction. Our study uncovers, for the first time, the amino acid residues for alginate positioning in an alginate lyase and demonstrates that such residues involved in alginate positioning are conserved in other alginate lyases. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of alginate degradation by alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Ding
- SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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25
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Hu F, Cao S, Li Q, Zhu B, Yao Z. Construction and biochemical characterization of a novel hybrid alginate lyase with high activity by module recombination to prepare alginate oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1272-1279. [PMID: 33159942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyases are essential tools to prepare alginate oligosaccharides with various biological activities. However, alginate lyases with excellent properties such as high activity and good thermal stability are still in shortage. Therefore, it is crucial to exploit new alginate lyases with high activity and polysaccharide-degrading efficiency for alginate oligosaccharide preparation. Herein, we proposed to construct a novel hybrid alginate lyase with improved property by module recombination. The hybrid alginate lyase, designated as Aly7C, was successfully constructed by recombining the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of Aly7A with the catalytic module of Aly7B. Interestingly, the hybrid enzyme Aly7C exhibited higher activity than the catalytic domain. Moreover, it could degrade sodium alginate, polyM and polyG into oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (Dps) 2-5, which exhibit perfect product specificity. This work provides a new insight into well-defined generation of alginate oligosaccharides with associated CBMs and enhances the understanding of functions of the modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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26
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Li Y, Zhang S, Wu H, Wang X, Yu W, Han F. Biochemical characterization of a thermophilic hyaluronate lyase TcHly8C from Thermasporomyces composti DSM22891. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1211-1218. [PMID: 33038404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic linear polysaccharide abundantly distributed in the extracellular matrix of mammalian connective, growing, and tumor tissues. Hyaluronidase is used as an important drug diffusion promoter and a tool enzyme to produce HA oligosaccharides. However, there is no thermostable hyaluronidase suitable for application to date. In this study, a thermophilic hyaluronate lyase, TcHly8C, from Thermasporomyces composti DSM22891 was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant TcHly8C was most active at 70 °C, and it retained about 30% of initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 28 days. The half-lives of TcHly8C at 60 °C and 70 °C were 16.1 d and 2.3 h, respectively. The optimum pH of TcHly8C is 5.93, and it was stable at pH 6.15-10.90. The presence of Mg2+ could enhance its enzymatic activity significantly. Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of TcHly8C towards HA were 3.69 mg∙ml-1, 17.82 s-1, and 4.82 ml∙mg-1∙s-1, respectively. TcHly8C degraded HA in an exolytic mode, and the end product was unsaturated HA disaccharide (ΔUA-GlcNAc). Overall, our results show that TcHly8C is the first reported PL8 exo-type hyaluronate lyase with high thermostability, which provides a potential enzyme used in medicine and production of HA oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Perez‐Perez DA, Pioquinto‐Avila E, Arredondo‐Espinoza E, Morones‐Ramirez JR, Balderas‐Renteria I, Zarate X. Engineered small metal-binding protein tag improves the production of recombinant human growth hormone in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:546-551. [PMID: 32049439 PMCID: PMC7137794 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion proteins play an important role in the production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. They are mostly used for cytoplasmic expression since they can be designed to increase the solubility of the target protein, which then can be easily purified via affinity chromatography. In contrast, fusion proteins are not usually included in construct designs for periplasmic production. Instead, a signal sequence is inserted for protein transport into the periplasm and a C-terminal his-tag added for subsequent purification. Our research group has proposed the small metal-binding protein (SmbP) isolated from the periplasm of Nitrosomonas europaea as a new fusion protein to express recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm or periplasm of E. coli. SmbP also allows purification via immobilized metal affinity chromatography using Ni(II) ions. Recently, we have optimized the periplasmic production of proteins tagged with SmbP by exchanging its native signal peptide with one taken from pectate lyase B (PelB), substantially increasing the amount of protein produced. In this work, we have expressed and purified soluble bioactive human growth hormone (hGH) tagged with PelB-SmbP and obtained the highest periplasmic production reported for this protein so far. Its activity, tested on Nb2-11 cells, was equivalent to commercial growth hormone at 50 ng·mL-1 . Therefore, we strongly recommend the use of PelB-SmbP as a protein tag for the expression and purification of hGH or other possible target proteins in the periplasm of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Perez‐Perez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico
| | - Elizeth Pioquinto‐Avila
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico
| | - Eder Arredondo‐Espinoza
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico
| | - Jose Ruben Morones‐Ramirez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasCentro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y NanotecnologiaParque de Investigacion e Innovacion TecnologicaApodacaMexico
| | - Isaias Balderas‐Renteria
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasCentro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y NanotecnologiaParque de Investigacion e Innovacion TecnologicaApodacaMexico
| | - Xristo Zarate
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonFacultad de Ciencias QuimicasCentro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y NanotecnologiaParque de Investigacion e Innovacion TecnologicaApodacaMexico
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Wang ZP, Cao M, Li B, Ji XF, Zhang XY, Zhang YQ, Wang HY. Cloning, Secretory Expression and Characterization of a Unique pH-Stable and Cold-Adapted Alginate Lyase. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E189. [PMID: 32244721 PMCID: PMC7230187 DOI: 10.3390/md18040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted alginate lyases have unique advantages for alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) preparation and brown seaweed processing. Robust and cold-adapted alginate lyases are urgently needed for industrial applications. In this study, a cold-adapted alginate lyase-producing strain Vibrio sp. W2 was screened. Then, the gene ALYW201 was cloned from Vibrio sp. W2 and expressed in a food-grade host, Yarrowia lipolytica. The secreted Alyw201 showed the activity of 64.2 U/mL, with a molecular weight of approximate 38.0 kDa, and a specific activity of 876.4 U/mg. Alyw201 performed the highest activity at 30 °C, and more than 80% activity at 25-40 °C. Furthermore, more than 70% of the activity was obtained in a broad pH range of 5.0-10.0. Alyw201 was also NaCl-independent and salt-tolerant. The degraded product was that of the oligosaccharides of DP (Degree of polymerization) 2-6. Due to its robustness and its unique pH-stable property, Alyw201 can be an efficient tool for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.-P.W.)
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.C.); (B.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Min Cao
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.C.); (B.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Bing Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.C.); (B.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.-P.W.)
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.C.); (B.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Yue-Qi Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.C.); (B.L.); (X.-Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Z.-P.W.)
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Wan B, Zhu Y, Tao J, Zhu F, Chen J, Li L, Zhao J, Wang L, Sun S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Alginate Lyase Guided Silver Nanocomposites for Eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Lungs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:9050-9061. [PMID: 32024363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections lead to a high mortality rate for cystic fibrosis or immunocompromised patients. The alginate of the biofilm was believed to be the key factor disabling immune therapy and antibiotic treatments. A silver nanocomposite consisting of silver nanoparticles and a mesoporous organosilica layer was created to deliver two pharmaceutical compounds (alginate lyase and ceftazidime) to degrade the alginate and eradicate P. aeruginosa from the lungs. The introduction of thioether-bridged mesoporous organosilica into the nanocomposites greatly benefited the conjunction of foreign functional molecules such as alginate lyase and increased their hemocompatibility and drug-loading capacity. Silver nanocomposites with a uniform diameter (∼39 nm) exhibited a high dispersity, good biocompatibility, and high ceftazidime-loading capacity (380.96 mg/g). Notably, the silver nanocomposites displayed a low pH-dependent drug release and degradation profiles (pH 6.4), guaranteeing the targeted release of the drugs in the acidic niches of the P. aeruginosa biofilm. Indeed, particles loaded with alginate lyase and ceftazidime exhibited high inhibitory and degradation effects on the biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1 based on the specific catalytic activity of the enzyme to the alginate and antibacterial function of their loaded ceftazidime and silver ions. It should be noted that the enzyme-decorated nanocomposites succeeded in eradicating P. aeruginosa PAO1 from the mouse lungs and decreasing the lung injuries. No deaths or serious side effects were observed during the experiments. We believe that the silver nanocomposites with high biocompatibility and organic group-incorporated framework have the potential to be used to deliver multiple functional molecules for antibacterial therapy in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Feipeng Zhu
- Department of Radiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing 210000 , P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210002 , P. R. China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center , The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211100 , P. R. China
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Belik A, Silchenko A, Malyarenko O, Rasin A, Kiseleva M, Kusaykin M, Ermakova S. Two New Alginate Lyases of PL7 and PL6 Families from Polysaccharide-Degrading Bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 T: Structure, Properties, and Products Analysis. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020130. [PMID: 32102373 PMCID: PMC7074159 DOI: 10.3390/md18020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A bifunctional alginate lyase (ALFA3) and mannuronate-specific alginate lyase (ALFA4) genes were found in the genome of polysaccharide-degrading marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553T. They were classified to PL7 and PL6 polysaccharide lyases families and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant ALFA3 appeared to be active both on mannuronate- and guluronate-enriched alginates, as well as pure sodium mannuronate. For all substrates, optimum conditions were pH 6.0 and 35 °C; Km was 0.12 ± 0.01 mg/ml, and half-inactivation time was 30 min at 42 °C. Recombinant ALFA4 was active predominately on pure sodium mannuronate, with optimum pH 8.0 and temperature 30 °C, Km was 3.01 ± 0.05 mg/ml. It was stable up to 30 °C; half-inactivation time was 1h 40 min at 37 °C. 1H NMR analysis showed that ALFA3 degraded mannuronate and mannuronate-guluronate blocks, while ALFA4 degraded only mannuronate blocks, producing mainly disaccharides. Products of digestion of pure sodium mannuronate by ALFA3 at 200 µg/ml inhibited anchorage-independent colony formation of human melanoma cells SK-MEL-5, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 up to 17% stronger compared to native polymannuronate. This fact supports previous data and suggests that mannuronate oligosaccharides may be useful for synergic tumor therapy.
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Zhang YH, Shao Y, Jiao C, Yang QM, Weng HF, Xiao AF. Characterization and Application of an Alginate Lyase, Aly1281 from Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E95. [PMID: 32023889 PMCID: PMC7073683 DOI: 10.3390/md18020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate extracted from widely cultured brown seaweed can be hydrolyzed by alginate lyase to produce alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) with intriguing biological activities. Herein, a novel alginate lyase Aly1281 was cloned from marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora ASY5 isolated from mangrove soil and found to belong to polysaccharide lyase family 7. Aly1281 exhibited maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 50 °C and have broad substrate specificity for polyguluronate and polymannuronate. Compared with other alginate lyases, Aly1281 exhibited high degradation specificity and mainly produced di-alginate oligosaccharides which displayed good antioxidant function to reduce ferric and scavenge radicals such as hydroxyl, ABTS+ and DPPH. Moreover, the catalytic activity and kinetic performance of Aly1281 were highly improved with the addition of salt, demonstrating a salt-activation property. A putative conformational structural feature of Aly1281 was found by MD simulation analysis for understanding the salt-activation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chao Jiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Fen Weng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - An-Feng Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.-H.Z.); (Y.S.); (C.J.); (Q.-M.Y.); (H.-F.W.)
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
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Zhang Z, Tang L, Bao M, Liu Z, Yu W, Han F. Functional Characterization of Carbohydrate-Binding Modules in a New Alginate Lyase, TsAly7B, from Thalassomonas sp. LD5. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010025. [PMID: 31888109 PMCID: PMC7024181 DOI: 10.3390/md18010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases degrade alginate into oligosaccharides, of which the biological activities have vital roles in various fields. Some alginate lyases contain one or more carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), which assist the function of the catalytic modules. However, the precise function of CBMs in alginate lyases has yet to be fully elucidated. We have identified a new multi-domain alginate lyase, TsAly7B, in the marine bacterium Thalassomonas sp. LD5. This novel lyase contains an N-terminal CBM9, an internal CBM32, and a C-terminal polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) catalytic module. To investigate the specific function of each of these CBMs, we expressed and characterized the full-length TsAly7B and three truncated mutants: TM1 (CBM32-PL7), TM2 (CBM9-PL7), and TM3 (PL7 catalytic module). CBM9 and CBM32 could enhance the degradation of alginate. Notably, the specific activity of TM2 was 7.6-fold higher than that of TM3. CBM32 enhanced the resistance of the catalytic module to high temperatures. In addition, a combination of CBM9 and CBM32 showed enhanced thermostability when incubated at 80 °C for 1 h. This is the first report that finds CBM9 can significantly improve the ability of enzyme degradation. Our findings provide new insight into the interrelationships of tandem CBMs and alginate lyases and other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, which may inspire CBM fusion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.Z.); (L.T.); (M.B.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Luyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.Z.); (L.T.); (M.B.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengmeng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.Z.); (L.T.); (M.B.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.Z.); (L.T.); (M.B.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.Z.); (L.T.); (M.B.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (F.H.); Tel.: +86-532-82032067 (F.H.)
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Z.Z.); (L.T.); (M.B.); (Z.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (F.H.); Tel.: +86-532-82032067 (F.H.)
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Sun J, Han X, Song G, Gong Q, Yu W. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a New Glycosaminoglycan Lyase from Microbacterium sp. H14. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120681. [PMID: 31810166 PMCID: PMC6950261 DOI: 10.3390/md17120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) lyase is an effective tool for the structural and functional studies of glycosaminoglycans and preparation of functional oligosaccharides. A new GAG lyase from Microbacterium sp. H14 was cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized, with a molecular weight of approximately 85.9 kDa. The deduced lyase HCLaseM belonged to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 8. Based on the phylogenetic tree, HCLaseM could not be classified into the existing three subfamilies of this family. HCLaseM showed almost the same enzyme activity towards hyaluronan (HA), chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A), CS-B, CS-C, and CS-D, which was different from reported GAG lyases. HCLaseM exhibited the highest activities to both HA and CS-A at its optimal temperature (35 °C) and pH (pH 7.0). HCLaseM was stable in the range of pH 5.0–8.0 and temperature below 30 °C. The enzyme activity was independent of divalent metal ions and was not obviously affected by most metal ions. HCLaseM is an endo-type enzyme yielding unsaturated disaccharides as the end products. The facilitated diffusion effect of HCLaseM is dose-dependent in animal experiments. These properties make it a candidate for further basic research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Sun
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (G.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (G.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guanrui Song
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (G.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qianhong Gong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (G.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-2067 (Q.G.); +86-532-8203-1680 (W.Y.)
| | - Wengong Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.S.); (G.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-532-8203-2067 (Q.G.); +86-532-8203-1680 (W.Y.)
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Mokshina N, Makshakova O, Nazipova A, Gorshkov O, Gorshkova T. Flax rhamnogalacturonan lyases: phylogeny, differential expression and modeling of protein structure. Physiol Plant 2019; 167:173-187. [PMID: 30474196 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhamnogalacturonan lyases (RGLs; EC 4.2.2.23) degrade the rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) backbone of pectins present in the plant cell wall. These enzymes belong to polysaccharide lyase family 4, members of which are mainly from plants and plant pathogens. RGLs are investigated, as a rule, as pathogen 'weapons' for plant cell wall degradation and subsequent infection. Despite the presence of genes annotated as RGLs in plant genomes and the presence of substrates for enzyme activity in plant cells, evidence supporting the involvement of this enzyme in certain processes is limited. The differential expression of some RGL genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) tissues, revealed in our previous work, prompted us to carry out a total revision (phylogenetic analysis, analysis of expression and protein structure modeling) of all the sequences of flax predicted as coding for RGLs. Comparison of the expressions of LusRGL in various tissues of flax stem revealed that LusRGLs belong to distinct phylogenetic clades, which correspond to two co-expression groups. One of these groups comprised LusRGL6-A and LusRGL6-B genes and was specifically upregulated in flax fibers during deposition of the tertiary cell wall, which has complex RG-I as a key noncellulosic component. The results of homology modeling and docking demonstrated that the topology of the LusRGL6-A catalytic site allowed binding to the RG-I ligand. These findings lead us to suggest the presence of RGL activity in planta and the involvement of special isoforms of RGLs in the modification of RG-I of the tertiary cell wall in plant fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mokshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Makshakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Alsu Nazipova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of RAS', Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation
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Huang G, Wen S, Liao S, Wang Q, Pan S, Zhang R, Lei F, Liao W, Feng J, Huang S. Characterization of a bifunctional alginate lyase as a new member of the polysaccharide lyase family 17 from a marine strain BP-2. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1187-1200. [PMID: 31418101 PMCID: PMC6742608 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bifunctional alginate lyase can efficiently saccharify alginate biomass and prepare functional oligosaccharides of alginate. RESULTS A new BP-2 strain that produces alginate lyase was screened and identified from rotted Sargassum. A new alginate lyase, Alg17B, belonging to the polysaccharide lyase family 17, was isolated and purified from BP-2 fermentation broth by freeze-drying, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography. The enzymatic properties of the purified lyase were investigated. The molecular weight of Alg17B was approximately 77 kDa, its optimum reaction temperature was 40-45 °C, and its optimum reaction pH was 7.5-8.0. The enzyme was relatively stable at pH 7.0-8.0, with a temperature range of 25-35 °C, and the specific activity of the purified enzyme reached 4036 U/mg. A low Na+ concentration stimulated Alg17B enzyme activity, but Ca2+, Zn2+, and other metal ions inhibited it. Substrate specificity analysis, thin-layer chromatography, and mass spectrometry showed that Alg17B is an alginate lyase that catalyses the hydrolysis of sodium alginate, polymannuronic acid (polyM) and polyguluronic acid to produce monosaccharides and low molecular weight oligosaccharides. Alg17B is also bifunctional, exhibiting both endolytic and exolytic activities toward alginate, and has a wide substrate utilization range with a preference for polyM. CONCLUSIONS Alg17B can be used to saccharify the main carbohydrate, alginate, in the ethanolic production of brown algae fuel as well as in preparing and researching oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shunhua Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- Research and Development Department, Xiamen Innodx Biotech Co. Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Siming Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaozhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shihan Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongcan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fu Lei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- The Food and Biotechnology, Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shushi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.
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Kikuchi M, Konno N, Suzuki T, Fujii Y, Kodama Y, Isogai A, Habu N. A bacterial endo-β-1,4-glucuronan lyase, CUL-I from Brevundimonas sp. SH203, belonging to a novel polysaccharide lyase family. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 166:105502. [PMID: 31546007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellouronate is a (1,4)-β-D-glucuronan prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation from regenerated cellulose. We have previously isolated a cellouronate-degrading bacterial strain, Brevundimonas sp. SH203, that produces a cellouronate lyase (β-1,4-glucuronan lyase, CUL-I). In this study, the gene encoding CUL-I was cloned, and the recombinant enzyme was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The predicted CUL-I protein is composed of 426 amino acid residues and includes a putative 21-amino acid signal peptide. The recombinant CUL-I specifically depolymerized β-1,4-glycoside linkages of cellouronate, and its mode of action was endo-type, like the native CUL-I. Sequence analysis showed CUL-I has no similarity to previously known polysaccharide lyases (PLs), indicating that CUL-I should be classified into a novel PL family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Kikuchi
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Naotake Konno
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan; Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yuta Fujii
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoto Habu
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan.
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Jones DR, McLean R, Hobbs JK, Abbott DW. A surrogate structural platform informed by ancestral reconstruction and resurrection of a putative carbohydrate binding module hybrid illuminates the neofunctionalization of a pectate lyase. J Struct Biol 2019; 207:279-286. [PMID: 31200020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a pectinolytic zoonotic foodborne pathogen, the genome of which contains pectin-binding proteins and several different classes of pectinases, including polysaccharide lyases (PLs) and an exopolygalacturonase. These proteins operate within a coordinated pathway to completely saccharify homogalacturonan (HG). Polysaccharide lyase family 2 (PL2) is divided into two major subfamilies that are broadly-associated with contrasting 'endolytic' (PL2A) or 'exolytic' (PL2B) activities on HG. In the Y. enterocolitica genome, the PL2A gene is adjacent to an independent carbohydrate binding module from family 32 (YeCBM32), which possesses a N-terminal secretion tag and is known to specifically bind HG. Independent CBMs are rare in nature and, most commonly, are fused to enzymes in order to potentiate catalysis. The unconventional gene architecture of YePL2A and YeCBM32, therefore, may represent an ancestral relic of a fission event that decoupled PL2A from its cognate CBM. To provide further insight into the evolution of this pectinolytic locus and the molecular basis of HG depolymerisation within Y. enterocolitica, we have resurrected a YePL2A-YeCBM32 chimera and demonstrated that the extant PL2A digests HG more efficiently. In addition, we have engineered a tryptophan from the active site of the exolytic YePL2B into YePL2A (YePL2A-K291W) and demonstrated, using X-ray crystallography of substrate complexes, that it is a structural determinant of exo-activity within the PL2 family. In this manner, surrogate structural platforms may assist in the study of phylogenetic relationships informed by extant and resurrected sequences, and can be used to overcome challenging structural problems within carbohydrate active enzyme families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl R Jones
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Richard McLean
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Joanne K Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Pilgaard B, Wilkens C, Herbst FA, Vuillemin M, Rhein-Knudsen N, Meyer AS, Lange L. Proteomic enzyme analysis of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina reveals alginate lyase as a minimal adaptation strategy for brown algae degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12338. [PMID: 31451726 PMCID: PMC6710412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We set out to investigate the genetic adaptations of the marine fungus Paradendryphiella salina CBS112865 for degradation of brown macroalgae. We performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and shotgun proteomic analysis of the secretome of P. salina grown on three species of brown algae and under carbon limitation. Genome comparison with closely related terrestrial fungi revealed that P. salina had a similar but reduced CAZyme profile relative to the terrestrial fungi except for the presence of three putative alginate lyases from Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) family 7 and a putative PL8 with similarity to ascomycete chondroitin AC lyases. Phylogenetic and homology analyses place the PL7 sequences amongst mannuronic acid specific PL7 proteins from marine bacteria. Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of one of the PL7 genes confirmed the specificity. Proteomic analysis of the P. salina secretome when growing on brown algae, revealed the PL7 and PL8 enzymes abundantly secreted together with enzymes necessary for degradation of laminarin, cellulose, lipids and peptides. Our findings indicate that the basic CAZyme repertoire of saprobic and plant pathogenic ascomycetes, with the addition of PL7 alginate lyases, provide P. salina with sufficient enzymatic capabilities to degrade several types of brown algae polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pilgaard
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marlene Vuillemin
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- BioEconomy, Research & Advisory, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li Q, Hu F, Zhu B, Sun Y, Yao Z. Biochemical Characterization and Elucidation of Action Pattern of a Novel Polysaccharide Lyase 6 Family Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacterium Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060323. [PMID: 31159265 PMCID: PMC6627919 DOI: 10.3390/md17060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases have been widely used to prepare alginate oligosaccharides in food, agricultural, and medical industries. Therefore, discovering and characterizing novel alginate lyases with excellent properties has drawn increasing attention. Herein, a novel alginate lyase FsAlyPL6 of Polysaccharide Lyase (PL) 6 family is identified and biochemically characterized from Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04. It shows highest activity at 45 °C and could retain 50% of activity after being incubated at 45 °C for 1 h. The Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis indicates that FsAlyPL6 endolytically degrades alginate polysaccharide into oligosaccharides ranging from monosaccharides to pentasaccharides. In addition, the action pattern of the enzyme is also elucidated and the result suggests that FsAlyPL6 could recognize tetrasaccharide as the minimal substrate and cleave the glycosidic bonds between the subsites of −1 and +3. The research provides extended insights into the substrate recognition and degradation pattern of PL6 alginate lyases, which may further expand the application of alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fu Hu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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40
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Wang Y, Chen X, Bi X, Ren Y, Han Q, Zhou Y, Han Y, Yao R, Li S. Characterization of an Alkaline Alginate Lyase with pH-Stable and Thermo-Tolerance Property. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050308. [PMID: 31137685 PMCID: PMC6562718 DOI: 10.3390/md17050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) show versatile bioactivities. Although various alginate lyases have been characterized, enzymes with special characteristics are still rare. In this study, a polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase-encoding gene, aly08, was cloned from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. SY01 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified alginate lyase Aly08, with a molecular weight of 35 kDa, showed a specific activity of 841 U/mg at its optimal pH (pH 8.35) and temperature (45 °C). Aly08 showed good pH-stability, as it remained more than 80% of its initial activity in a wide pH range (4.0–10.0). Aly08 was also a thermo-tolerant enzyme that recovered 70.8% of its initial activity following heat shock treatment for 5 min. This study also demonstrated that Aly08 is a polyG-preferred enzyme. Furthermore, Aly08 degraded alginates into disaccharides and trisaccharides in an endo-manner. Its thermo-tolerance and pH-stable properties make Aly08 a good candidate for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yining Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Central Laboratory of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shangyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Xie C, Gong W, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Yan L, Hu Z, Ai L, Peng Y. Mapping the Secretome and Its N-Linked Glycosylation of Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Hemp Stalks. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5486-5495. [PMID: 31012315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research showed that Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus were effective fungi for pretreatment of industrial hemp stalks to improve enzymatic saccharification. The secretomes of these two fungi were analyzed to search for the effective enzyme cocktails degrading hemp lignin during the pretreatment process. In total, 169 and 155 proteins were identified in Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively, and 50% of the proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation were CAZymes. Because most of the extracellular proteins secreted by fungi are glycosylated proteins, the N-linked glycosylation of enzymes could be mapped. In total, 27 and 24 N-glycosylated peptides were detected in Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus secretomes, respectively. N-Glycosylated peptides of laccase, GH92, exoglucanase, phenol oxidase, α-galactosidase, carboxylic ester hydrolase, and pectin lyase were identified. Deglycosylation could decrease enzymatic saccharification of hemp stalks. The activities of laccase, α-galactosidase, and phenol oxidase and the thermal stability of laccase were reduced after deglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
| | - Wenbing Gong
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
| | - Zuohua Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
| | - Li Yan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
| | - Zhenxiu Hu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Yuande Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , China
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Ihua MW, Guihéneuf F, Mohammed H, Margassery LM, Jackson SA, Stengel DB, Clarke DJ, Dobson ADW. Microbial Population Changes in Decaying Ascophyllum nodosum Result in Macroalgal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Bacteria with Potential Applicability in Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Technologies. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E200. [PMID: 30934874 PMCID: PMC6520818 DOI: 10.3390/md17040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are of significant interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries as they contain several commercially relevant bioactive compounds. Current extraction methods for macroalgal-derived metabolites are, however, problematic due to the complexity of the algal cell wall which hinders extraction efficiencies. The use of advanced extraction methods, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), which involve the application of commercial algal cell wall degrading enzymes to hydrolyze the cell wall carbohydrate network, are becoming more popular. Ascophyllum nodosum samples were collected from the Irish coast and incubated in artificial seawater for six weeks at three different temperatures (18 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C) to induce decay. Microbial communities associated with the intact and decaying macroalga were examined using Illumina sequencing and culture-dependent approaches, including the novel ichip device. The bacterial populations associated with the seaweed were observed to change markedly upon decay. Over 800 bacterial isolates cultured from the macroalga were screened for the production of algal cell wall polysaccharidases and a range of species which displayed multiple hydrolytic enzyme activities were identified. Extracts from these enzyme-active bacterial isolates were then used in EAE of phenolics from Fucus vesiculosus and were shown to be more efficient than commercial enzyme preparations in their extraction efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen W Ihua
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Freddy Guihéneuf
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LOV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.
| | | | | | | | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 TK3, Ireland.
| | - David J Clarke
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 TY20, Ireland.
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland.
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Abstract
Despite the progress in massive gene analysis of brown algal species, no alginate-degrading enzyme from brown alga has been identified, impeding the understanding of alginate metabolism in brown alga. In the current study, we identified and characterized alginate lyase from Saccharina japonica using a protein-based approach. First, cDNA library was prepared from the S. japonica sporophyte. Expression screening was then performed; the encoding gene was identified and cloned; and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. Alginate lyase production in algal tissues was evaluated by western blotting. The identified alginate lyase, SjAly (359 amino acids, with a predicted N-terminal secretion signal of 27 residues), is encoded by an open reading frame comprising seven exons. Recombinant SjAly exhibited endolytic alginate lyase activity, specifically toward stretches of consecutive β-D-mannuronic acid units. The optimum temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration were 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 100 mM, respectively. SjAly exhibited pronounced activity below 20 °C, the S. japonica growth temperature. SjAly was highly expressed in the blade but not the stipe and rhizoid. The data indicate that S. japonica possesses at least one active alginate lyase. This is the first report of a functional alginate lyase from brown alga, the major natural alginate producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Takao Ojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
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Vuoristo KS, Fredriksen L, Oftebro M, Arntzen MØ, Aarstad OA, Stokke R, Steen IH, Hansen LD, Schüller RB, Aachmann FL, Horn SJ, Eijsink VGH. Production, Characterization, and Application of an Alginate Lyase, AMOR_PL7A, from Hot Vents in the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2936-2945. [PMID: 30781951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic depolymerization of seaweed polysaccharides is gaining interest for the production of functional oligosaccharides and fermentable sugars. We describe a thermostable alginate lyase belonging to Polysaccharide Lyase family 7 (PL7), which can be used to degrade brown seaweed, Saccharina latissima, at conditions also suitable for a commercial cellulase cocktail (Cellic CTec2). This enzyme, AMOR_PL7A, is a β-d-mannuronate specific (EC 4.2.2.3) endoacting alginate lyase, which degrades alginate and poly mannuronate within a broad range of pH, temperature and salinity. At 65 °C and pH 6.0, its Km and kcat values for sodium alginate are 0.51 ± 0.09 mg/mL and 7.8 ± 0.3 s-1 respectively. Degradation of seaweed with blends of Cellic CTec2 and AMOR_PL7A at 55 °C in seawater showed that the lyase efficiently reduces viscosity and increases glucose solublization. Thus, AMOR_PL7A may be useful in development of efficient protocols for enzymatic seaweed processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lasse Fredriksen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Maren Oftebro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Olav A Aarstad
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science , NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Sem Sælands vei 6/8 , N-7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Runar Stokke
- Department of Biological Sciences and KG Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research , University of Bergen , N-5020 Bergen , Norway
| | - Ida H Steen
- Department of Biological Sciences and KG Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research , University of Bergen , N-5020 Bergen , Norway
| | - Line Degn Hansen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Reidar B Schüller
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science , NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Sem Sælands vei 6/8 , N-7491 Trondheim , Norway
| | - Svein J Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) , P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas , Norway
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Gao S, Zhang Z, Li S, Su H, Tang L, Tan Y, Yu W, Han F. Characterization of a new endo-type polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 6 alginate lyase with cold-adapted and metal ions-resisted property. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:729-735. [PMID: 30170056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyase played an important role in brown algae degradation, and its enzymatic degradation products showed various biological activities. Although many alginate lyases have been characterized, the enzymes with special characterizations are still rather rare. In this study, a new alginate lyase gene, tsaly6A, has been cloned from marine bacterium Thalassomonas sp. LD5, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The deduced alginate lyase, TsAly6A, belonged to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 6 and showed the highest amino acid identity (63%) with an exo-type oligoalginate lyase AlyGC. However, this study showed that TsAly6A was an endo-type enzyme yielding alginate trisaccharides (64.5%) as the main products. Compared with other alginate lyases, TsAly6A showed high trisaccharide-yielding levels. Meanwhile, TsAly6A showed the specific activity of 15,960 U/μmol at its optimal pH (pH 8.0) and temperature (35 °C). In addition, TsAly6A was a cold-adapted, salt-activated and metal ions-resisted alginate lyase, which will enable it to perform high activity in the solution containing various ions. Its cold-adaptation, metal ions-tolerance and high trisaccharides yields make TsAly6A an excellent candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zhelun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Shangyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Hang Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Luyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Cao HTT, Mikkelsen MD, Lezyk MJ, Bui LM, Tran VTT, Silchenko AS, Kusaykin MI, Pham TD, Truong BH, Holck J, Meyer AS. Novel Enzyme Actions for Sulphated Galactofucan Depolymerisation and a New Engineering Strategy for Molecular Stabilisation of Fucoidan Degrading Enzymes. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E422. [PMID: 30388774 PMCID: PMC6267234 DOI: 10.3390/md16110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans from brown macroalgae have beneficial biomedical properties but their use as pharma products requires homogenous oligomeric products. In this study, the action of five recombinant microbial fucoidan degrading enzymes were evaluated on fucoidans from brown macroalgae: Sargassum mcclurei, Fucus evanescens, Fucus vesiculosus, Turbinaria ornata, Saccharina cichorioides, and Undaria pinnatifida. The enzymes included three endo-fucoidanases (EC 3.2.1.-GH 107), FcnA2, Fda1, and Fda2, and two unclassified endo-fucoglucuronomannan lyases, FdlA and FdlB. The oligosaccharide product profiles were assessed by carbohydrate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography. The recombinant enzymes FcnA2, Fda1, and Fda2 were unstable but were stabilised by truncation of the C-terminal end (removing up to 40% of the enzyme sequence). All five enzymes catalysed degradation of fucoidans containing α(1→4)-linked l-fucosyls. Fda2 also degraded S. cichorioides and U. pinnatifida fucoidans that have α(1→3)-linked l-fucosyls in their backbone. In the stabilised form, Fda1 also cleaved α(1→3) bonds. For the first time, we also show that several enzymes catalyse degradation of S. mcclurei galactofucan-fucoidan, known to contain α(1→4) and α(1→3) linked l-fucosyls and galactosyl-β(1→3) bonds in the backbone. These data enhance our understanding of fucoidan degrading enzymes and their substrate preferences and may assist development of enzyme-assisted production of defined fuco-oligosaccharides from fucoidan substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang T T Cao
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam.
| | - Maria D Mikkelsen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mateusz J Lezyk
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ly M Bui
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam.
| | - Van T T Tran
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam.
| | - Artem S Silchenko
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-Let Vladivostoku Ave., Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Kusaykin
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-Let Vladivostoku Ave., Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Thinh D Pham
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam.
| | - Bang H Truong
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 02 Hung Vuong Street, Nhatrang 650000, Vietnam.
| | - Jesper Holck
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Konasani VR, Jin C, Karlsson NG, Albers E. A novel ulvan lyase family with broad-spectrum activity from the ulvan utilisation loci of Formosa agariphila KMM 3901. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14713. [PMID: 30279430 PMCID: PMC6168547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulvan, which is one of the major structural polysaccharides of the cell walls of green macroalgae, is degraded by ulvan lyases via the β-elimination mechanism with the release of oligosaccharides that have unsaturated 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid (∆) at the non-reducing end. These ulvan lyases belong to the PL24 or PL25 or PL28 family in the CAZy database. In this study, we identify and biochemically characterise a periplasmic novel broad-spectrum ulvan lyase from Formosa agariphila KMM 3901. The lyase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant enzyme depolymerised ulvan in an endolytic manner with a Km of 0.77 mg/ml, and displayed optimum activity at 40 °C and pH 8. This lyase also degraded heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. Detailed analyses of the end-products of the enzymatic degradation of ulvan using 1H- and 13C-NMR and LC-MS revealed an unsaturated disaccharide (∆Rha3S) and a tetrasaccharide (∆Rha3S-Xyl-Rha) as the principal end-products. In contrast to the previously described ulvan lyases, this novel lyase is mostly composed of α-helices that form an (α/α)6 incomplete toroid domain and displays a remarkably broad-spectrum activity. This novel lyase is the first member of a new family of ulvan lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Rao Konasani
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Albers
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Venditti T, D'hallewin G, Ladu G, Petretto GL, Pintore G, Labavitch JM. Effect of NaHCO 3 treatments on the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced by Penicillium digitatum during the pathogenesis process on grapefruit. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4928-4936. [PMID: 29574996 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to clarify the strategies of Penicillium digitatum during pathogenesis on citrus, assessing, on albedo plugs, the effects of treatment with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ), at two different pH values (5 and 8.3), on cell-wall-degrading enzyme activity over a period of 72 h. RESULTS Treatment with NaHCO3 , under alkaline pH, delayed the polygalacturonase activity for 72 h, or 48 h in the case of the pectin lyase, compared with the control or the same treatment at pH 5. In contrast, pectin methyl esterase activity rapidly increased after 24 h, in plugs dipped in the same solution. In this case, the activity remained higher than untreated or pH 5-treated plugs up to 72 h. CONCLUSION The rapid increase in pectin methyl esterase activity under alkaline conditions is presumably the strategy of the pathogen to lower the pH, soon after the initiation of infection, in order to restore an optimal environment for the subsequent polygalacturonase and pectin lyase action. In fact, at the same time, a low pH delayed the enzymatic activity of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase, the two enzymes that actually cleave the α-1,4-linkages between the galacturonic acid residues. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy D'hallewin
- National Research Council - ISPA, U.O.S. Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Ladu
- National Research Council - ISPA, U.O.S. Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo L Petretto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - John M Labavitch
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Pei X, Chang Y, Shen J. Cloning, expression and characterization of an endo-acting bifunctional alginate lyase of marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia fucanilytica. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 154:44-51. [PMID: 30248453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is the major constituent of brown algae and a commercially important polysaccharide with wide applications. Alginate lyases are desired tools for degrading alginate. Based on the genome mining of marine bacterium Wenyingzhuangia funcanilytica, an alginate lyase Aly7B_Wf was discovered, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Aly7B_Wf belonged to subfamily 6 of PL7 family. Its biochemical properties, kinetic constants, substrate specificity and degradation pattern were clarified. The enzyme is an endo-acting bifunctional alginate lyase, and preferably cleaved polymannuronate (polyM). The Km (0.0237 ± 0.0004 μM, 0.0105 ± 0.0002 mg/mL) and kcat/Km (1180.65 ± 19.81 μM-1 s-1, 2654.34 ± 44.54 mg-1 ml s-1) indicated relatively high substrate-binding affinity and catalysis efficiency of Aly7B_Wf. By using mass spectrometry, final products of alginate degraded by Aly7B_Wf were identified as alginate hexasaccharide to disaccharide, and final products of polyguluronate (polyG) and polyM were confirmed as tetrasaccharide to disaccharide. The most predominant oligosaccharide in the final products of polyG and polyM was trisaccharide and disaccharide respectively. The broad substrate specificity, endo-acting degradation pattern and high catalysis efficiency suggested that Aly7B_Wf could be utilizied as a potential tool for tailoring the size of alginate and preparing alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jingjing Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Zhuang J, Zhang K, Liu X, Liu W, Lyu Q, Ji A. Characterization of a Novel PolyM-Preferred Alginate Lyase from Marine Vibrio splendidus OU02. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090295. [PMID: 30135412 PMCID: PMC6165035 DOI: 10.3390/md16090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases are enzymes that degrade alginate into oligosaccharides which possess a variety of biological activities. Discovering and characterizing novel alginate lyases has great significance for industrial and medical applications. In this study, we reported a novel alginate lyase, AlyA-OU02, derived from the marine Vibrio splendidus OU02. The BLASTP searches showed that AlyA-OU02 belonged to polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) and contained two consecutive PL7 domains, which was rare among the alginate lyases in PL7 family. Both the two domains, AlyAa and AlyAb, had lyase activities, while AlyAa exhibited polyM preference, and AlyAb was polyG-preferred. In addition, the enzyme activity of AlyAa was much higher than AlyAb at 25 °C. The full-length enzyme of AlyA-OU02 showed polyM preference, which was the same as AlyAa. AlyAa degraded alginate into di-, tri-, and tetra-alginate oligosaccharides, while AlyAb degraded alginate into tri-, tetra-, and penta-alginate oligosaccharides. The degraded products of AlyA-OU02 were similar to AlyAa. Our work provided a potential candidate in the application of alginate oligosaccharide production and the characterization of the two domains might provide insights into the use of alginate of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keke Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Weizhi Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qianqian Lyu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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