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Chen Y, Ci F, Jiang H, Meng D, Hamouda HI, Liu C, Quan Y, Chen S, Bai X, Zhang Z, Gao X, Balah MA, Mao X. Catalytic properties characterization and degradation mode elucidation of a polyG-specific alginate lyase OUC-FaAly7. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121929. [PMID: 38494211 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Polymerized guluronates (polyG)-specific alginate lyase with lower polymerized mannuronates (polyM)-degrading activity, superior stability, and clear action mode is a powerful biotechnology tool for the preparation of AOSs rich in M blocks. In this study, we expressed and characterized a polyG-specific alginate lyase OUC-FaAly7 from Formosa agariphila KMM3901. OUC-FaAly7 belonging to polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 7 had highest activity (2743.7 ± 20.3 U/μmol) at 45 °C and pH 6.0. Surprisingly, its specific activity against polyG reached 8560.2 ± 76.7 U/μmol, whereas its polyM-degrading activity was nearly 0 within 10 min reaction. Suggesting that OUC-FaAly7 was a strict polyG-specific alginate lyase. Importantly, OUC-FaAly7 showed a wide range of temperature adaptations and remarkable temperature and pH stability. Its relative activity between 20 °C and 45 °C reached >90 % of the maximum activity. The minimum identifiable substrate of OUC-FaAly7 was guluronate tetrasaccharide (G4). Action process and mode showed that it was a novel alginate lyase digesting guluronate hexaose (G6), guluronate heptaose (G7), and polymerized guluronates, with the preferential generation of unsaturated guluronate pentasaccharide (UG5), although which could be further degraded into unsaturated guluronate disaccharide (UG3) and trisaccharide (UG2). This study contributes to illustrating the catalytic properties, substrate recognition, and action mode of novel polyG-specific alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Fangfang Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chuangxin Road 166-6, Torch Hi-tech Science Park, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China.
| | - Di Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chunhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Yongyi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Suxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xinxue Bai
- Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Mohamed A Balah
- Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China; Sanya Ocean Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
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Zhu B, Li L, Yuan X. Efficient preparation of alginate oligosaccharides by using two thermostable alginate lyases and evaluation of the development promoting effects on Brassica napus L. in saline-alkali environment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131917. [PMID: 38679252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of alginate for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) is currently receiving significant attention in the field. AOS has been shown to promote crop growth and improve plant resistance to abiotic stresses. In this study, two novel PL6 family alginate lyases, AlyRm1 and AlyRm2, from Rhodothermus marinus DSM 4252, were expressed and characterized. These enzymes demonstrate exceptional activity and stable thermophilicity compared to other known alginate lyases. AlyRm1 (8855.34 U/mg) and AlyRm2 (7879.44 U/mg) exhibited excellent degradation activity towards sodium alginate even at high temperatures (70 °C). The AlyRm1 and AlyRm2 were characterized and utilized to efficiently produce AOS. The study investigated the promotional effect of AOS on the growth of Brassica napus L. seedlings in a saline-alkaline environment. The results of this study demonstrate the high activity and thermal stability of AlyRm1 and AlyRm2, highlighting their potential in the preparation of AOS. Moreover, the application of AOS prepared by AlyRm2 could enhance the resistance of Brassica napus L. to saline-alkali environments, thereby broadening the potential applications of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Yuan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Yun S, Huang J, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang X, Zhou Y. Preliminary identification and semi-quantitative characterization of a multi-faceted high-stability alginate lyase from marine microbe Seonamhaeicola algicola with anti-biofilm effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 175:110408. [PMID: 38309052 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyases with unique characteristics for degrading alginate into size-defined oligosaccharide fractions, were considered as the potential agents for disrupting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. In our study, a novel endolytic PL-7 alginate lyase, named AlyG2, was cloned and expressed through Escherichia coli. This enzyme exhibited excellent properties: it maintained more than 85% activity at low temperatures of 4 °C and high temperatures of 70 °C. After 1 h of incubation at 4 °C, it still retained over 95% activity, demonstrating the ability to withstand low temperature. The acid-base and salt tolerance properties shown it preserves more than 50% activity in the pH range of 5.0 to 11.0 and in a high salt environment at 3000 mM NacCl, indicating its high stability in several aspects. More importantly, AlyG2 in our research was revealed to be effective at removing mature biofilms and inhibiting biofilm formation produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the inhibition and disruption rates were 47.25 ± 4.52% and 26.5 ± 6.72%, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme AlyG2 promoted biofilm disruption in combination with antibiotics, particularly manifesting the synergistic effect with erythromycin (FIC=0.5). In all, these results offered that AlyG2 with unique characteristics may be an effective technique for the clearance or disruption of biofilm produced by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiting Yun
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jinping Huang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yanxia Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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Petchimuthu R, Venkatesh S, Kannan S, Balakrishnan V. Solid-state fermentation of brown seaweeds for the production of alginate lyase using marine bacterium Enterobacter tabaci RAU2C. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01150-7. [PMID: 38401040 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyases have countless potential for application in industries and medicine particularly as an appealing biocatalyst for the production of biofuels and bioactive oligosaccharides. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) allows improved production of enzymes and consumes less energy compared to submerged fermentation. Seaweeds can serve as the most promising biomass for the production of biochemicals. Alginate present in the seaweed can be used by alginate lyase-producing bacteria to support growth and can secrete alginate lyase. In this perspective, the current study was directed on the bioprocessing of brown seaweeds for the production of alginate lyase using marine bacterial isolate. A novel alginate-degrading marine bacterium Enterobacter tabaci RAU2C which was previously isolated in the laboratory was used for the production of alginate lyase using Sargassum swartzii as a low-cost solid substrate. Process parameters such as inoculum incubation period and moisture content were optimized for alginate lyase production. SSF resulted in 33.56 U/mL of alginate lyase under the static condition maintained with 75% moisture after 4 days. Further, the effect of different buffers, pH, and temperature on alginate lyase activity was also analyzed. An increase in alginate lyase activity was observed with an increase in moisture content from 60 to 75%. Maximum enzyme activity was perceived with phosphate buffer at pH 7 and 37 °C. Further, the residual biomass after SSF could be employed as biofertilizer for plant growth promotion based on the preliminary analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report stating the usage of seaweed biomass as a substrate for the production of alginate lyase using solid-state fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Petchimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subharaga Venkatesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suriyalakshmi Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vanavil Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Tamilnadu, India.
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Wang Z, Vanbever R, Lorent JH, Solis J, Knoop C, Van Bambeke F. Repurposing DNase I and alginate lyase to degrade the biofilm matrix of dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in artificial sputum medium: In-vitro assessment of their activity in combination with broad-spectrum antibiotics. J Cyst Fibros 2024:S1569-1993(24)00027-4. [PMID: 38402083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm-associated pulmonary infections pose therapeutic challenges in cystic fibrosis patients, especially when involving multiple bacterial species. Enzymatic degradation of the biofilm matrix may offer a potential solution to enhance antibiotic efficacy. This study investigated the repurposing of DNase I, commonly used for its mucolytic activity in cystic fibrosis, to target extracellular DNA within biofilms, as well as potential synergies with alginate lyase and broad-spectrum antibiotics in dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Dual-species biofilms were grown in artificial sputum medium using S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated by pairs from the same patients and exposed to various combinations of enzymes, meropenem, or tobramycin. Activity was assessed by measuring biofilm biomass and viable counts. Matrix degradation and decrease in bacterial load were visualized using confocal microscopy. Biofilm viscoelasticity was estimated by rheology. RESULTS Nearly complete destruction of the biofilms was achieved only if combining the enzymatic cocktail with the two antibiotics, and if using supratherapeutic levels of DNase I and high concentrations of alginate lyase. Biofilms containing non-pigmented mucoid P. aeruginosa required higher antibiotic concentrations, despite low viscoelasticity. In contrast, for biofilms with pigmented mucoid P. aeruginosa, a correlation was observed between the efficacy of different treatments and the reduction they caused in elasticity and viscosity of the biofilm. CONCLUSIONS In this complex, highly drug-tolerant biofilm model, enzymes prove useful adjuvants to enhance antibiotic activity. However, the necessity for high enzyme concentrations emphasizes the need for thorough concentration-response evaluations and safety assessments before considering clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Wang
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Solis
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiane Knoop
- Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Ribeiro DM, Leclercqc CC, Charton SAB, Costa MM, Carvalho DFP, Sergeant K, Cocco E, Renaut J, Freire JPB, Prates JAM, de Almeida AM. The impact of dietary Laminaria digitata and alginate lyase supplementation on the weaned piglet liver: A comprehensive proteomics and metabolomics approach. J Proteomics 2024; 293:105063. [PMID: 38151157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The brown seaweed Laminaria digitata, a novel feedstuff for weaned piglets, has potentially beneficial prebiotic properties. However, its recalcitrant cell wall challenges digestion in monogastrics. Alginate lyase is a promising supplement to mitigate this issue. This study's aim was to investigate the impact of incorporating 10% dietary Laminaria digitata, supplemented with alginate lyase, on the hepatic proteome and metabolome of weaned piglets. These diets introduced minor variations to the metabolome and caused significant shifts in the proteome. Dietary seaweed provided a rich source of n-3 PUFAs that could signal hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FABP, ACADSB and ALDH1B1). This may have affected the oxidative stability of the tissue, requiring an elevated abundance of GST for regulation. The presence of reactive oxygen species likely inflicted protein damage, triggering increased proteolytic activity (LAPTM4B and PSMD4). Alginate lyase supplementation augmented the number of differentially abundant proteins, which included GBE1 and LDHC, contributing to maintain circulating glucose levels by mobilizing glycogen stores and branched-chain amino acids. The enzymatic supplementation with alginate lyase amplified the effects of the seaweed-only diet. An additional filter was employed to test the effect of missing values on the proteomics analysis, which is discussed from a technical perspective. SIGNIFICANCE: Brown seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata have prebiotic and immune-modulatory components, such as laminarin, that can improve weaned piglet health. However, they have recalcitrant cell wall polysaccharides, such as alginate, that can elicit antinutritional effects on the monogastric digestive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high level of dietary L. digitata and alginate lyase supplementation on the hepatic metabolism of weaned piglets, using high throughput Omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ribeiro
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Celine C Leclercqc
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie A B Charton
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Mónica M Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - Daniela F P Carvalho
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - Jenny Renaut
- LIST- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), 5, rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
| | - João P B Freire
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Portugal
| | - André M de Almeida
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Yang S. High-level production of a novel alginate lyase (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. for efficient production of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121605. [PMID: 38142093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sodium alginate is one of the most abundant sustainable gum source for dietary fiber production. However, the preparation efficiencies of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate remain low. Here, a novel alginate lyase gene (FsAly7) from Flammeovirga sp. was identified and high-level expressed in Pichia pastoris for low viscosity soluble dietary fiber production. The highest enzyme production of 3050 U mL-1 was achieved, which is by far the highest yield ever reported. FsAly7 was used for low viscosity soluble dietary fiber production from sodium alginate, and the highest degradation rate of 85.5 % was achieved under a high substrate content of 20 % (w/v). The molecular weight of obtained soluble dietary fiber converged to 10.75 kDa. FsAly7 catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in alginate chains with formation of unsaturated non-reducing ends simultaneously in the degradation process, thus altered the chemical structures of hydrolysates. The soluble dietary fiber exhibited excellent properties, including low viscosity, high oil adsorption capacity activity (2.20 ± 0.03 g g-1) and high emulsifying activity (60.05 ± 2.96 mL/100 mL). This investigation may provide a novel alginate lyase catalyst as well as a solution for the efficient production of low viscosity soluble dietary fiber from sodium alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Xu H, Gao Q, Li L, Su T, Ming D. How alginate lyase produces quasi-monodisperse oligosaccharides: A normal-mode-based docking and molecular dynamics simulation study. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109022. [PMID: 38242069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Oligosaccharide degradation products of alginate (AOS) hold significant potential in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals, health foods, textiles, and agricultural production. Enzymatic alginate degradation is appealing due to its mild conditions, predictable activity, high yields, and controllability. However, the alginate degradation often results in a complex mixture of oligosaccharides, necessitating costly purification to isolate highly active oligosaccharides with a specific degree of polymerization (DP). Addressing this, our study centers on the alginate lyase AlyB from Vibrio Splendidus OU02, which uniquely breaks down alginate into mono-distributed trisaccharides. This enzyme features a polysaccharide lyase family 7 domain (PL-7) and a CBM32 carbohydrate-binding module connected by a helical structure. Through normal-mode-based docking and all-atom molecular simulations, we demonstrate that AlyB's substrate and product specificities are influenced by the spatial conformation of the catalytic pocket and the flexibility of its structure. The helically attached CBM is pivotal in releasing trisaccharides, which is crucial for avoiding further degradation. This study sheds light on AlyB's specificity and efficiency and contributes to the evolving field of enzyme design for producing targeted oligosaccharides, with significant implications for various bioindustries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyue Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China; Now Studying in the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qi Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Ting Su
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Dengming Ming
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China.
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Xiao Z, Li K, Li T, Zhang F, Xue J, Zhao M, Yin H. Characterization and Mechanism Study of a Novel PL7 Family Exolytic Alginate Lyase from Marine Bacteria Vibrio sp. W13. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:68-84. [PMID: 37099125 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyase can degrade alginate into oligosaccharides through β-elimination for various biological, biorefinery, and agricultural purposes. Here, we report a novel PL7 family exolytic alginate lyase VwAlg7A from marine bacteria Vibrio sp. W13 and achieve the heterologous expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). VwAlg7A is 348aa with a calculated molecular weight of 36 kDa, containing an alginate lyase 2 domain. VwAlg7A exhibits specificity towards poly-guluronate. The optimal temperature and pH of VwAlg7A are 30 °C and 7.0, respectively. The activity of VwAlg7A can be significantly inhibited by the Ni2+, Zn2+, and NaCl. The Km and Vmax of VwAlg7A are 36.9 mg/ml and 395.6 μM/min, respectively. The ESI and HPAEC-PAD results indicate that VwAlg7A cleaves the sugar bond in an exolytic mode. Based on the molecular docking and mutagenesis results, we further confirmed that R98, H169, and Y303 are important catalytic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin Xiao
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tang Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fanxing Zhang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiayi Xue
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Materials and Chemicals, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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10
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Jiang J, Jiang Z, Yan Q, Han S, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional alginate lyase from Microbulbifer arenaceous. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 213:106372. [PMID: 37717719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Bio‒production of alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), a type of functional food additive, is a promising way for green utilization of algae, in which alginate hydrolyzing enzymes play a key role. A novel alginate lyase gene (MiAly17A) from a marine bacterium Microbulbifer arenaceous was heterologously expressed in E. coli. The coding sequence of the gene shared the highest identity of 86% with a polysaccharide lyase (PL) family 17 alginate lyase (AlgL17) from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1. The recombinant enzyme (MiAly17A) was purified and biochemically characterized. MiAly17A showed maximal enzyme activity at 40 °C and pH 7.5, respectively. It was stable at the temperatures below 35 °C and within pH 5.0-8.0. The enzyme activities were increased by 5.3 and 5.6 folds in the presence of 100 mM of K+ and Na+, respectively. MiAly17A was bifunctional and could hydrolyze sodium alginate to release unsaturated monosaccharides and oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-7. The enzyme catalyzed the cleavage of glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing ends and the backbone of the tested oligosaccharides (DP ≥ 4), exhibiting both exolytic and endo-lytic activities. Moreover, MiAly17A was used for the production of alginate oligosaccharides from sodium alginate, and the highest conversion ratio of 68% was obtained. The unique properties may possess the enzyme great potential for preparation of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Susu Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Zhang W, Ren H, Wang X, Dai Q, Liu X, Ni D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Mu W. Rational design for thermostability improvement of a novel PL-31 family alginate lyase from Paenibacillus sp. YN15. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126919. [PMID: 37717863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) become attractive due to their excellent physiological effects. AOS has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Generally, AOS can be produced from alginate using alginate lyase (ALyase) as the biocatalyst. However, most ALyase display poor thermostability. In this study, a thermostable ALyase from Paenibacillus sp. YN15 (Payn ALyase) was characterized. It belonged to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) 31 family and displayed poly β-D-mannuronate (Poly M) preference. Under the optimum condition (pH 8.0, 55 °C, 50 mM NaCl), it exhibited maximum activity of 90.3 U/mg and efficiently degraded alginate into monosaccharides and AOS with polymerization (DP) of 2-4. Payn ALyase was relatively stable at 55 °C, but the thermostability dropped rapidly at higher temperatures. To further improve its thermostability, rational design mutagenesis was carried out based on a combination of FireProt, Consensus Finder, and PROSS analysis. Finally, a triple-point mutant K71P/Y129G/S213G was constructed. The optimum temperature was increased from 55 to 70 °C, and the Tm was increased from 62.7 to 64.1 °C. The residual activity after 30 min incubation at 65 °C was enhanced from 36.0 % to 83.3 %. This study provided a promising ALyase mutant for AOS industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Hu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Quanyu Dai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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12
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Li J, Yan F, Huang B, Zhang M, Wu X, Liu Y, Ruan R, Zheng H. Preparation, Structural Characterization, and Enzymatic Properties of Alginate Lyase Immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04824-z. [PMID: 38158490 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alginate lyase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of alginate into alginate oligoalginates. To enhance enzyme stability and recovery, a facile strategy for alginate lyase immobilization was developed. Novel magnetic chitosan microspheres were synthesized and used as carriers to immobilize alginate lyase. The immobilization of alginate lyase on magnetic chitosan microspheres was successful, as proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra. Enzyme immobilization exhibited the best performance at an MCM dosage of 1.5 g/L, adsorption time of 2.0 h, glutaraldehyde concentration of 0.2%, and immobilization time of 2.0 h. The optimal pH of the free alginate lyase was 7.5, and this pH value was shifted to 8.0 after immobilization. No difference was observed at the optimal temperature (45 °C) for the immobilized and free enzymes. The immobilized alginate lyase displayed better thermal stability than the free alginate lyase. The Km values of the free and immobilized enzymes were 0.05 mol/L and 0.09 mol/L, respectively. The immobilized alginate lyase retained 72% of its original activity after 10 batch reactions. This strategy was found to be a promising method for immobilizing alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Hongli Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology and International Institute of Food Innovation and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Qiu XM, Lin Q, Zheng BD, Zhao WL, Ye J, Xiao MT. Preparation and potential antitumor activity of alginate oligosaccharides degraded by alginate lyase from Cobetia marina. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108962. [PMID: 37769377 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance to develop marine resources and study its potential biological activity by using alginate lyase produced by marine psychrophilic bacteria. In the previous study, a new marine psychrophilic bacterium (Cobetia marina HQZ08) was screened from the growth area of Laminaria japonica, and it was found that the strain could efficiently produce alginate-degrading enzyme (Aly30). In this paper, the ability of Aly30 to degrade alginate was optimized and the optimal degradation conditions were obtained. It was found that the main degradation product of alginate oligosaccharides was trisaccharide. In vitro cell experiments showed that the antitumor activity of low molecular weight alginate oligosaccharides was better than that of high molecular weight alginate oligosaccharides. In summary, Aly30 had the potential to produce alginate oligosaccharides with low degree of polymerization and antitumor activity, which provided a reference for the enzymatic preparation and application of alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Qiu
- Food Engineering School, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Qi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Bing-De Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Wan-Lin Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mei-Tian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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14
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Zhang A, Cao Z, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Fu L, Li J, Liu T. Characterization of bifunctional alginate lyase Aly644 and antimicrobial activity of enzymatic hydrolysates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6845-6857. [PMID: 37698609 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
An alginate lyase gene aly644 encoding a member of polysaccharide lyase family 6 was obtained from a metagenome of Antarctic macroalgae-associated microbes. The gene was expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified using a Ni-NTA His Tag Kit. With sodium alginate as the substrate, recombinant Aly644 exhibited an optimum reaction temperature of 50°C and an optimum reaction pH of 7.0. The Vmax and Km values of Aly644 toward sodium alginate were 112.36 mg/mL·min and 16.75 mg/mL, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis showed that Aly644 was a bifunctional alginate lyase that hydrolyzed both polyguluronic acid and polymannuronic acid. The hydrolysis products of Aly644 with sodium alginate as the substrate were detected by thin-layer chromatography, and were mainly di- and trisaccharides. The oligosaccharides produced by degradation of sodium alginate by Aly644 inhibited the mycelial growth of the plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Fulvia fulva; the 50% maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were 297.45 and 452.89 mg/L, and the 90% maximal effective concentration (EC90) values were 1341.45 and 2693.83 mg/L, respectively. This highlights that Aly644 is a potential candidate enzyme for the industrial production of alginate oligosaccharides with low degree of polymerization. Enzyme-hydrolyzed alginate oligosaccharides could support the development of green agriculture as natural antimicrobial agents. KEY POINTS: • An alginate lyase was obtained from a metagenome of Antarctic macroalgae-associated microbes. • Aly644 is a bifunctional alginate lyase with excellent thermostability and pH stability. • The enzymatic hydrolysates of Aly644 directly inhibited Phytophthora capsici and Fulvia fulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Luying Zhao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
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15
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Sun XH, Chen XL, Wang XF, Zhang XR, Sun XM, Sun ML, Zhang XY, Zhang YZ, Zhang YQ, Xu F. Cost-effective production of alginate oligosaccharides from Laminaria japonica roots by Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans A3. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:179. [PMID: 37689719 PMCID: PMC10492272 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) are the degradation products of alginate, a natural polysaccharide abundant in brown algae. AOs generated by enzymatic hydrolysis have diverse bioactivities and show broad application potentials. AOs production via enzymolysis is now generally with sodium alginate as the raw material, which is chemically extracted from brown algae. In contrast, AOs production by direct degradation of brown algae is more advantageous on account of its cost reduction and is more eco-friendly. However, there have been only a few attempts reported in AOs production from direct degradation of brown algae. RESULTS In this study, an efficient Laminaria japonica-decomposing strain Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans A3 was screened. Based on the secretome and mass spectrum analyses, strain A3 showed the potential as a cell factory for AOs production by secreting alginate lyases to directly degrade L. japonica. By using the L. japonica roots, which are normally discarded in the food industry, as the raw material for both fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, AOs were produced by the fermentation broth supernatant of strain A3 after optimization of the alginate lyase production and hydrolysis parameters. The generated AOs mainly ranged from dimers to tetramers, among which trimers and tetramers were predominant. The degradation efficiency of the roots reached 54.58%, the AOs production was 33.11%, and the AOs purity was 85.03%. CONCLUSION An efficient, cost-effective and green process for AOs production directly from the underutilized L. japonica roots by using strain A3 was set up, which differed from the reported processes in terms of the substrate and strain used for fermentation and the AOs composition. This study provides a promising platform for scalable production of AOs, which may have application potentials in industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Li L, Zhu B, Yao Z, Jiang J. Directed preparation, structure-activity relationship and applications of alginate oligosaccharides with specific structures: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112990. [PMID: 37316063 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) possess versatile activities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-regulatory activities) and have been the research topic in marine bioresource utilization fields. The degree of polymerization (DP) and the β-D-mannuronic acid (M)/α-L-guluronic acid (G)-units ratio strongly affect the functionality of AOS. Therefore, directed preparation of AOS with specific structures is essential for expanding the applications of alginate polysaccharides and has been the research topic in the marine bioresource field. Alginate lyases could efficiently degrade alginate and specifically produce AOS with specific structures. Therefore, enzymatic preparation of AOS with specific structures has drawn increasing attention. Herein, we systematically summarized the current research progress on the structure-function relation of AOS and focuses on the application of the enzymatic properties of alginate lyase to the specific preparation of various types of AOS. At the same time, current challenges and opportunities for AOS applications are presented to guide and improve the preparation and application of AOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, China
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17
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Zhang P, Shen MC, Zhang XY, Wang HY, Wang ZP. Valorization of the pelagic Sargassum horneri for co-production of erythritol and alginate oligosaccharides. Bioresour Technol 2023; 379:128984. [PMID: 37003453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic Sargassum is invasive macroalgae with huge biomass. To produce bulk chemicals with profit from the biomass, innovative strategies need to be developed. In this study, maximum saccharification yield of Sargassum horneri biomass was obtained with the combined use of 3% alginate lyase and 3% cellulase, releasing 20.83 g/L glucose and 1.73 g/L mannitol at a 1:6 feed ratio. Subsequently, the crude S. horneri hydrolysate (pH 3.0) was proved most suitable for erythritol production of Yarrowia lipolytica strain. After 60 h fermentation in a 10-L fermenter, the erythritol concentration reached 18.42 g/L with a yield of 0.82 g/g; while the concentration of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) was 37.56 g/L. Finally, AOS with a purity of 93.4% were obtained by ethanol precipitation, and erythritol was harvested via crystallization. This proposed strategy demonstrates the feasibility of transforming invasive Sargassum into two high-value chemicals for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Min-Chong Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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18
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Barbeyron T, Le Duff N, Duchaud E, Thomas F. Zobellia alginiliquefaciens sp. nov., a novel member of the flavobacteria isolated from the epibiota of the brown alga Ericaria zosteroides (C. Agardh) Molinari & Guiry 2020. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37266991 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Strain LLG6346-3.1T, isolated from the thallus of the brown alga Ericaria zosteroides collected from the Mediterranean Sea near Bastia in Corsica, France, was characterised using a polyphasic method. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, motile by gliding, rod-shaped and grew optimally at 30-33 °C, at pH 8-8.5 and with 4-5 % NaCl. LLG6346-3.1T used the seaweed polysaccharide alginic acid as a sole carbon source which was vigorously liquefied. The results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that the bacterium is affiliated to the genus Zobellia (family Flavobacteriaceae, class Flavobacteriia). LLG6346-3.1T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.6 and 98.3 % to the type strains of Zobellia russellii and Zobellia roscoffensis, respectively, and of 97.4-98.5 % to members of other species of the genus Zobellia. The DNA G+C content of LLG6346-3.1T was determined to be 38.3 mol%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridisation predictions by the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome to genome distance calculator (GGDC) methods between LLG6346-3.1T and other members of the genus Zobellia showed values of 76-88 % and below 37 %, respectively. The results of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses indicate that LLG6346-3.1T is distinct from species of the genus Zobellia with validly published names and that it represents a novel species of the genus Zobellia, for which the name Zobellia alginiliquefaciens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LLG6346-3.1T (= RCC7657T = LMG 32918T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Nolwen Le Duff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France
| | - Eric Duchaud
- INRAE VIM-UR0892 Molecular Immunology and Virology, research group of Infection and Immunity of Fish, Research Center of Jouy-en-Josas, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, Ile-de-France, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, Brittany, France
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19
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Li L, Jiang J, Yao Z, Zhu B. Recent advances in the production, properties and applications of alginate oligosaccharides - a mini review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:207. [PMID: 37221433 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) made from the degradation of alginate, to some extent, makes up for the poor solubility and bioavailability of alginate as a macromolecular substance and possess several beneficial biological activities that are absent in alginate. These properties include prebiotic, glycolipid regulatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tumor, promoting plant growth and other activities. Consequently, AOS has significant potential for use in the agricultural, biomedical, and food industries, and has been the focus of research in the field of marine biological resources. This review comprehensively covers methods (physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods) for the production of AOS from alginate. More importantly, this paper reviews recent advances in the biological activity and potentially industrial and therapeutic applications of AOS, providing a reference for future research and applications of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao, 266400, China
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Zhou L, Meng Q, Zhang R, Jiang B, Wu Q, Chen J, Zhang T. Improving thermostability of a PL 5 family alginate lyase with combination of rational design strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124871. [PMID: 37201879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyases with strict substrate specificity possess potential in directed production of alginate oligosaccharides with specific composition. However, their poor thermostability hampered their applications in industry. In this study, an efficient comprehensive strategy including sequence-based analysis, structure-based analysis, and computer-aid ΔΔGfold value calculation was proposed. It was successfully performed on alginate lyase (PMD) with strict poly-β-D-mannuronic acid substrate specificity. Four single-point variants A74V, G75V, A240V, and D250G with increased Tm of 3.94 °C, 5.21 °C, 2.56 °C, and 4.80 °C, respectively, were selected out. After ordered combined mutations, a four-point mutant (M4) was finally generated which displayed remarkable increase on thermostability. The Tm of M4 increased from 42.25 °C to 51.59 °C and its half-life at 50 °C was about 58.9-fold of PMD. Meanwhile, there was no obvious loss of enzyme activity (more than 90% retained). Molecular dynamics simulation analysis insisted that the improvement of thermostability might be attribute to the rigidified region A which might be caused by the newly formed hydrogen bonds and salt bridges introduced by mutations, the lower distance of original hydrogen bonds, and the more compact overall structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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21
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Sun JR, Mo KL, Li X, Hu YH, Liu ZY, Huang HQ. Neiella litorisoli sp. nov., an alginate lyase: producing bacterium from South China Sea, and proposal of Echinimonadaceae fam. nov. in the order Alteromonadales. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:227. [PMID: 37160479 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated HB171785T, was isolated from soil sample collected from Qishui Bay, Hainan, China. The strain grew optimally at pH 7-8, 37-40 °C and with NaCl 3-4%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was found to be Q-8 and the major fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c, C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c and C12:0 3OH. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The size of the draft genome was 4.32 Mbp with G + C content 49.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the closest phylogenetically related species were Neiella marina j221T, "Neiella holothuriorum" 126 and Echinimonas agarilytica KMM 6351T with the similarities of 98.2, 96.0 and 95.0%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene and phylogenomic tree based on core genome showed that strain HB171785T clustered together with N. marina j221T, with the highest values of average nucleotide identity (82.9%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (25.4%). The combined phylogenetic relatedness, phenotypic and genotypic features supported the conclusion that strain HB171785T represents a novel species of the genus Neiella, for which the name Neiella litorisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB171785T (= MCCC 1K04625T = KCTC 82319T). In addition, Echinimonadaceae fam. nov. in the order Alteromonadales was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ran Sun
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Kun-Lian Mo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Liu
- College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, CATAS, Zhanjiang, 524013, China.
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Rønne ME, Madsen M, Tandrup T, Wilkens C, Svensson B. Gut bacterial alginate degrading enzymes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:387-398. [PMID: 37013401 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alginates are abundant marine anionic polysaccharides consumed by humans. Thus, over the years some understanding has emerged about alginate utilization by human gut microbiota (HGM). However, insights have been obtained only recently at the molecular level with regard to structure and function of alginate degrading and metabolizing enzymes from HGM. Still, numerous studies report on effects of alginates on bacterial communities from digestive tracts of various, predominantly marine organisms feeding on alginate and some of the involved alginate lyases have been characterized. Other studies describe the beneficial impact on gut microbiota elicited by alginates in animal models, for example, high-fat-diet-fed mice addressing obesity or as feed supplements for livestock. Alginates are depolymerized by a β-elimination reaction catalyzed by polysaccharide lyases (PLs) referred to as alginate lyases (ALs). The ALs are found in 15 of the 42 PL families categorized in the CAZy database. While genome mining has led to prediction of ALs encoded by bacteria of the HGM; currently, only four enzymes from this niche have been characterized biochemically and two crystal structures are reported. Alginates are composed of mannuronate (M) and guluronate (G) residues organized in M-, G-, and MG-blocks, which calls for ALs of complementary specificity to effectively depolymerize alginate to alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) and monosaccharides. Typically, ALs of different PL families are encoded by genes arranged in clusters denoted as polysaccharide utilization loci. Currently, biochemical and structural analyses of marine bacterial ALs contribute to depicting the mode of action of predicted enzymes from bacteria of the HGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette E Rønne
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Madsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Tobias Tandrup
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Casper Wilkens
- Structural Enzymology and Biorefineries, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
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Cao S, Li L, Li Q, Jiang L, Zhu B, Yao Z. A novel alginate lyase and its domain functions for the preparation of unsaturated monosaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1737-1749. [PMID: 36795142 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown algae are considered promising crops for the production of sustainable biofuels. However, the commercial application has been limited by lack of efficient methods for converting alginate into fermentable sugars. Herein, we cloned and characterized a novel alginate lyase AlyPL17 from Pedobacter hainanensis NJ-02. It possessed outstanding catalytic efficiency toward polymannuronic acid (polyM), polyguluronic acid (polyG), and alginate sodium, with kcat of 39.42 ± 1.9 s-1, 32.53 ± 0.88 s-1, and 38.30 ± 2.12 s-1, respectively. AlyPL17 showed maximum activity at 45 °C and pH 9.0. The domain truncation did not change the optimal temperature and optimal pH, but greatly reduced the activity. In addition, AlyPL17 degrades alginate through the cooperative action of two structural domains in an exolytic mode. The minimal degradation substrate of AlyPL17 is a disaccharide. Furthermore, AlyPL17 and AlyPL6 can synergistically degrade alginate to prepare unsaturated monosaccharides that can be converted to 4-deoxy-L-erythron-5-hexoseuloseuronate acid (DEH). DEH is reduced to KDG by DEH reductase (Sdr), which enters the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway as a common metabolite and is converted to bioethanol. KEY POINTS: • Biochemical characterization of alginate lyase from Pedobacter hainanensis NJ-02 and its truncated form. • Degradation patterns of AlyPL17 and the role of its domains in product distribution and mode of action. • Potential of synergistic degradation system for efficient preparation of unsaturated monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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24
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Wang X, Xu W, Dai Q, Liu X, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. Characterization of a thermostable PL-31 family alginate lyase from Paenibacillus ehimensis and its application for alginate oligosaccharides bioproduction. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110221. [PMID: 36906979 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, people pay more attention to marine sugars, because of their unique physiological effects. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are the degradation products of alginate and have been used in food, cosmetic, and medicine fields. AOS display good physical characteristics (low relative molecular weight, good solubility, high safety, and high stability) and excellent physiological functions (immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and prebiotic activities). Alginate lyase plays a key role in the AOS bioproduction. In this study, a novel PL-31 family alginate lyase from Paenibacillus ehimensis (paeh-aly) was identified and characterized. It was extracellularly secreted in E. coli and exhibited a preference for the substrate poly β-D-mannuronate. Using sodium alginate as the substrate, it showed the maximum catalytic activity (125.7 U/mg) at pH 7.5 and 55 °C with 50 mM NaCl. Compared with other alginate lyases, paeh-aly exhibited good stability. About 86.6% and 61.0% residual activity could be maintained after 5 h incubation at 50 and 55 °C respectively, and its Tm value was 61.5 °C. The degradation products were AOS with DP 2-4. Paeh-aly demonstrated strong promise for AOS industrial production because of its excellent thermostability and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Quanyu Dai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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25
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Dan M, Li Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Characterization of degradation patterns and enzymatic properties of a novel alkali-resistant alginate lyase AlyRm1 from Rubrivirga marina. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100414. [PMID: 36569190 PMCID: PMC9772803 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyase is essential for the production of alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs), which exhibit diverse bioactivities and have numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The creation of recombinant alginate lyase by genetic engineering lays a crucial foundation for the commercialization of alginate lyase. This study cloned and expressed the polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) alginate lyase gene alyrm1 from Rubrivirga marina.The optimum temperature and pH for recombinant AlyRm1 are 30 °C and 10.0, respectively. AlyRm1 shows good alkaline stability, for it remained over 80% of the enzyme activity after being incubated at pH 10.0 for 24 h AlyRm1 preferentially degrades PolyM into AOSs with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-5 and monosaccharides as an endolytic bifunctional lyase. In addition, the analysis of degradation products toward oligosaccharides revealed that the minimal substrate of AlyRm1 is trisaccharide and clarified the degradation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Resource and Environment, Baoshan University, Baoshan, 678000, PR China
| | - Meiling Dan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China,Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, 537000, PR China,Corresponding author. College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Cao S, Li Q, Xu Y, Tang T, Ning L, Zhu B. Evolving strategies for marine enzyme engineering: recent advances on the molecular modification of alginate lyase. Mar Life Sci Technol 2022; 4:106-116. [PMID: 37073348 PMCID: PMC10077200 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alginate, an acidic polysaccharide, is formed by β-d-mannuronate (M) and α-l-guluronate (G). As a type of polysaccharide lyase, alginate lyase can efficiently degrade alginate into alginate oligosaccharides, having potential applications in the food, medicine, and agriculture fields. However, the application of alginate lyase has been limited due to its low catalytic efficiency and poor temperature stability. In recent years, various structural features of alginate lyase have been determined, resulting in modification strategies that can increase the applicability of alginate lyase, making it important to summarize and discuss the current evidence. In this review, we summarized the structural features and catalytic mechanisms of alginate lyase. Molecular modification strategies, such as rational design, directed evolution, conserved domain recombination, and non-catalytic domain truncation, are also described in detail. Lastly, the application of alginate lyase is discussed. This comprehensive summary can inform future applications of alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yinxiao Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Tiancheng Tang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Limin Ning
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
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de Oliveira BFR, Lopes IR, Canellas ALB, Muricy G, Jackson SA, Dobson ADW, Laport MS. Genomic and in silico protein structural analyses provide insights into marine polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:973-995. [PMID: 34555402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Active heterotrophic metabolism is a critical metabolic role performed by sponge-associated microorganisms, but little is known about their capacity to metabolize marine polysaccharides (MPs). Here, we investigated the genome of the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain PA2MD11 focusing on its macroalgal carbohydrate-degrading potential. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for the depolymerization of agar and alginate were found in PA2MD11's genome, including glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and polysaccharide lyases (PLs) belonging to families GH16, GH50 and GH117, and PL6 and PL17, respectively. A gene potentially encoding a sulfatase was also identified, which may play a role in the strain's ability to consume carrageenans. The complete metabolism of agar and alginate by PA2MD11 could also be predicted and was consistent with the results obtained in physiological assays. The polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) potentially involved in the metabolism of agarose contained mobile genetic elements from other marine Gammaproteobacteria and its unusual larger size might be due to gene duplication events. Homology modelling and structural protein analyses of the agarases, alginate lyases and sulfatase depicted clear conservation of catalytic machinery and protein folding together with suitable industrially-relevant features. Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11 is therefore a source of potential MP-degrading biocatalysts for biorefinery applications and in the preparation of pharmacologically-active oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland
| | - Isabelle Rodrigues Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Bauer Canellas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Muricy
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n°, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephen Anthony Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 Y960 Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, T23 XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Marinella Silva Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Jeong DW, Hyeon JE, Lee ME, Ko YJ, Kim M, Han SO. Efficient utilization of brown algae for the production of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by using an enzyme complex immobilized on Ralstonia eutropha. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:819-825. [PMID: 34453982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are potential renewable feedstocks for valuable biomaterials. Among them, alginate is a primary component in brown algae that can be nonenzymatically converted and enzymatically degraded by alginate lyases to 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH). Here, we constructed alginolytic enzyme complexes comprising two different alginate lyases for synergistic alginate degradation. The complexes showed good thermostability with 60% of the residual activity at high temperature (60 °C). Furthermore, they produced 0.85 and 0.18 mg/mL DEH from alginate and natural brown algae as substrates, respectively. The enzyme complex successfully decomposed brown algal biomass, resulting in a 3.15-fold improvement in DEH when compared to free enzymes. The Ralstonia eutropha strain with alginolytic enzyme complexes on the cell surface showed higher Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production and produced 2.58 g/L PHB from alginate. After the use of alginate, remaining biomass such as fucoidan and laminaran can also be used in the future for high value ingredients in nutritional, medical device, skincare and dermatological products. These results demonstrate that it is possible to create more efficient strategies for producing biodegradable PHB and functional polysaccharides from brown algal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Woon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Pandey S, Mahanta P, Berger BW, Acharya R. Structural insights into the mechanism of pH-selective substrate specificity of the polysaccharide lyase Smlt1473. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101014. [PMID: 34358563 PMCID: PMC8511899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide lyases (PLs) are a broad class of microbial enzymes that degrade anionic polysaccharides. Equally broad diversity in their polysaccharide substrates has attracted interest in biotechnological applications such as biomass conversion to value-added chemicals and microbial biofilm removal. Unlike other PLs, Smlt1473 present in the clinically relevant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain K279a demonstrates a wide range of pH-dependent substrate specificities toward multiple, diverse polysaccharides: hyaluronic acid (pH 5.0), poly-β-D-glucuronic (celluronic) acid (pH 7.0), poly-β-D-mannuronic acid, and poly-α-L-guluronate (pH 9.0). To decode the pH-driven multiple substrate specificities and selectivity in this single enzyme, we present the X-ray structures of Smlt1473 determined at multiple pH values in apo and mannuronate-bound states as well as the tetra-hyaluronate-docked structure. Our results indicate that structural flexibility in the binding site and N-terminal loop coupled with specific substrate stereochemistry facilitates distinct modes of entry for substrates having diverse charge densities and chemical structures. Our structural analyses of wild-type apo structures solved at different pH values (5.0–9.0) and pH-trapped (5.0 and 7.0) catalytically relevant wild-type mannuronate complexes (1) indicate that pH modulates the catalytic microenvironment for guiding structurally and chemically diverse polysaccharide substrates, (2) further establish that molecular-level fluctuation in the enzyme catalytic tunnel is preconfigured, and (3) suggest that pH modulates fluctuations resulting in optimal substrate binding and cleavage. Furthermore, our results provide key insight into how strategies to reengineer both flexible loop and regions distal to the active site could be developed to target new and diverse substrates in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhant Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranjal Mahanta
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Bryan W Berger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.
| | - Rudresh Acharya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India.
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Zhang L, Li X, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang L. Bacterial alginate metabolism: an important pathway for bioconversion of brown algae. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:158. [PMID: 34275475 PMCID: PMC8286568 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown macroalgae have attracted great attention as an alternative feedstock for biorefining. Although direct conversion of ethanol from alginates (major components of brown macroalgae cell walls) is not amenable for industrial production, significant progress has been made not only on enzymes involved in alginate degradation, but also on metabolic pathways for biorefining at the laboratory level. In this article, we summarise recent advances on four aspects: alginate, alginate lyases, different alginate-degrading systems, and application of alginate lyases and associated pathways. This knowledge will likely inspire sustainable solutions for further application of both alginate lyases and their associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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31
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Mahajan S, Sunsunwal S, Gautam V, Singh M, Ramya TNC. Biofilm inhibitory effect of alginate lyases on mucoid P. aeruginosa from a cystic fibrosis patient. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101028. [PMID: 34095554 PMCID: PMC8165544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are a major scourge in cystic fibrosis patients. Mucoid P. aeruginosa displays structured alginate-rich biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Here, we have assessed the efficacy of a panel of alginate lyases in combating mucoid P. aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis. Albeit we could not demonstrate alginate degradation by alginate lyases in sputum, we demonstrate that the endotypic alginate lyases, CaAly (from Cellulophaga algicola) and VspAlyVI (from Vibrio sp. QY101) and the exotypic alginate lyases, FspAlyFRB (from Falsirhodobacterium sp. alg1), and SA1-IV (from Sphingomonas sp. A1), indeed inhibit biofilm formation by a mucoid P. aeruginosa strain isolated from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient with comparative effect to that of the glycoside hydrolase PslG, a promising candidate for biofilm treatment. We believe that these enzymes should be explored for in vivo efficacy in future studies. A P. aeruginosa strain was isolated from the sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient. The anti-biofilm efficacy of endotypic and exotypic alginate lyases was assessed. Alginate lyases CaAly, VspAlyVI, FspAlyFRB, and SA1-IV inhibited biofilm formation. Similar anti-biofilm effect was observed for the glycoside hydrolase, PslG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mahajan
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sonali Sunsunwal
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Vikas Gautam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Meenu Singh
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - T N C Ramya
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
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Li Q, Zheng L, Guo Z, Tang T, Zhu B. Alginate degrading enzymes: an updated comprehensive review of the structure, catalytic mechanism, modification method and applications of alginate lyases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:953-968. [PMID: 34015998 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1898330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginate, a kind of linear acidic polysaccharide, consists of α-L-guluronate (G) and β-D-mannuronate (M). Both alginate and its degradation products (alginate oligosaccharides) possess abundant biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antitumor activity, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, alginate and alginate oligosaccharides have great value in food, pharmaceutical, and agricultural fields. Alginate lyase can degrade alginate into alginate oligosaccharides via the β-elimination reaction. It plays an important role in marine carbon recycling and the deep utilization of brown algae. Elucidating the structural features of alginate lyase can improve our knowledge of its catalytic mechanisms. With the development of structural analysis techniques, increasing numbers of alginate lyases have been characterized at the structural level. Hence, it is essential and helpful to summarize and discuss the up-to-date findings. In this review, we have summarized progress on the structural features and the catalytic mechanisms of alginate lyases. Furthermore, the molecular modification strategies and the applications of alginate lyases have also been discussed. This comprehensive information should be helpful to expand the applications of alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Tang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee OK, Lee EY. Alginate derived functional oligosaccharides: Recent developments, barriers, and future outlooks. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118158. [PMID: 34119132 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is a biopolymer used extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) derived from alginate exhibit superior biological activities and therapeutic potential. Alginate lyases with characteristic substrate specificity can facilitate the production of a broad array of AOS with precise structure and functionality. By adopting innovative analytical tools in conjunction with focused clinical studies, the structure-bioactivity relationship of a number of AOS has been brought to light. This review covers fundamental aspects and recent developments in AOS research. Enzymatic and microbial processes involved in AOS production from brown algae and sequential steps involved in AOS structure elucidation are outlined. Biological mechanisms underlying the health benefits of AOS and their potential industrial and therapeutic applications are elaborated. Withal, various challenges in AOS research are traced out, and future directions, specifically on recombinant systems for AOS preparation, are delineated to further widen the horizon of these exceptional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushasree Mrudulakumari Vasudevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Wang B, Dong S, Li FL, Ma XQ. Structural basis for the exolytic activity of polysaccharide lyase family 6 alginate lyase BcAlyPL6 from human gut microbe Bacteroides clarus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 547:111-117. [PMID: 33610038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alginate is the structural polysaccharide of the cell wall of brown algae, which is an important carbon source for marine life. The depolymerization of alginate is dependent on alginate lyases. Recent studies showed that the alginate utilization ability had been obtained by human gut microbes. In contrast to the great number of studies on alginate lyases from marine/soil organisms, studies on alginate lyases from gut microbes are still limited. Here, the structure of a polysaccharide lyase family 6 (PL6) alginate lyase from human gut microbe Bacteroides clarus was solved by X-ray crystallography, which represents the cluster of two-domain PL6 alginate lyases from Bacteroidetes. Similar with the two-domain alginate lyase AlyGC originated from marine bacterium, both the N terminal domain (NTD) and C terminal domain (CTD) of BcAlyPL6 show right-handed parallel β-helix fold. However, unlike AlyGC, which forms a homodimer, BcAlyPL6 functions as a monomer. Biochemical analysis indicates that the substrate binding affinity is mainly contributed by the NTD while the CTD of BcAlyPL6 is involved in the formation of -1 subsite, which is essential for substrate turnover rate. Furthermore, CTD is involved in shaping a closed catalytic pocket, and deletion of it leads to increased activity towards highly polymerized substrate. Structure comparison of PL6 family alginate lyases implies that the linkers of two-domain alginate lyases might have evolutionary relationship with the N/C terminal extension of single-domain lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, PR China.
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35
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Xu X, Zeng D, Wu D, Lin J. Single-Point Mutation Near Active Center Increases Substrate Affinity of Alginate Lyase AlgL-CD. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1513-1531. [PMID: 33484450 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases have been widely used for the preparation of bioactive alginate oligosaccharides. An alginate lyase AlgL-CD was rationally designed by introducing alkaline amino acid residues near active center to increase activity. One of its mutants E226K presented much higher activity than wild-type AlgL-CD. Substrate affinity of E226K increased 10 folds as the Km values indicated. The spectra of intrinsic emission fluorescence and circular dichroism of E226K suggested the whole enzyme turned to be more flexible. The 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS)-binding assay showed that the hydrophobic active center of E226K was more available to ligand. Molecular dynamic analysis of the enzyme-substrate complex showed that lid loops of the active center in E226K turned to be more opened up, which might contribute to the increase of substrate-binding affinity. Meanwhile, the catalytic residue of E226K was closer to the hydrogen donor C5 atom of the substrate to increase catalysis rate. The final degradation products of alginate by E226K were determined to be identical with that of AlgL-CD. This study provides guidance for improving enzymatic preparation efficiency of bioactive alginate oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Xu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Deyang Zeng
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dongyan Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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36
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Yang J, Cui D, Ma S, Chen W, Chen D, Shen H. Characterization of a novel PL 17 family alginate lyase with exolytic and endolytic cleavage activity from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:551-563. [PMID: 33385459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases are essential tools for depolymerizing alginate into bioactive oligosaccharides and fermentable monosaccharides. Herein, we characterized a novel polysaccharide lyase AlgSH17 from marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. SH-1. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the maximum activity at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and retained 86.20% and 65.43% of its maximum activity at 20 °C and 15 °C, respectively, indicating that AlgSH17 has an excellent cold-adapted property. The final products of AlgSH17 mainly consisted of monosaccharides with small amounts of oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) 2-6, suggesting that AlgSH17 possesses both exolytic and endolytic activity. Degradation pattern analysis indicated that AlgSH17 could degrade DP ≥ 4 oligosaccharides into disaccharides and trisaccharides by cleaving the endo-glycosidic bonds and further digest disaccharides and trisaccharides into monosaccharides in an exolytic manner. Products distribution and molecular docking analysis revealed that AlgSH17 could cleave the glycosidic bonds between -1 and +2 within the substrate. Furthermore, The ABTS+, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals scavenging activity of the enzymatic hydrolysates prepared by AlgSH17 reached up to 91.53%, 81.23% and 61.06%, respectively, and the enzymatic hydrolysates displayed an excellent preservation effect on fresh-cut apples. The above results suggested that AlgSH17 could be utilized for the production of monosaccharides, antioxidants and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dandan Cui
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shuo Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wenkang Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Diwen Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Jeong HR, Yoo JS, Choi YL, Jang YS, Lee YS. Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant polysaccharide lyase from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:452-462. [PMID: 33358946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate and its derivatives are annually produced approximately 30,000 tons or more and are applied to various industries as they are natural polymers. The global market for alginate and its derivatives has been growing steadily. There is little research compared to other enzymes produced through biomass degradation or modification. An alginate lyase, MtAl138, from Microbulbifer thermotolerans DAU221 was cloned and identified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). MtAl138 contains a highly conserved motif (R538TELR, Q607IH609, and YFKAGVY716NQ), which indicates that it belongs to the polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). MtAl138, with a molecular weight of 77 kDa worked optimally at 45 °C and pH 7.4. MtAl138 showed twice as much activity as when there was no NaCl when there was between 100 and 600 mM NaCl. Moreover, its activity increased in organic solvents such as benzene, hexane, methanol, and toluene. Based on the thin layer chromatography analyses, MtAl38 is an endo-type enzyme that produces di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharides from polyG and polyM. This study provided that MtAl138 is an endoenzyme that showed outstanding enzymatic activity at concentrated salt solutions and organic solvents, which makes it a reasonably attractive enzyme for use in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rin Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Soon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lark Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sin Jang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science Technology, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Teh AH, Sim PF, Hisano T. Structural basis for binding uronic acids by family 32 carbohydrate-binding modules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:257-61. [PMID: 33010888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The alginate lyase AlyQ from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 is a three-domained enzyme with a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) from family 32. The CBM32 domain, AlyQB, binds enzymatically cleaved but not intact alginate. Co-crystallisation of AlyQB with the cleaved alginate reveals that it binds to the 4,5-unsaturated mannuronic acid of the non-reducing end. The binding pocket contains a conserved R248 that interacts with the sugar's carboxyl group, as well as an invariant W303 that stacks against the unsaturated pyranose ring. Targeting specifically the non-reducing end is more efficient than the reducing end since the latter consists of a mixture of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid. AlyQB also seems unable to bind these two saturated sugars as they contain OH groups that will clash with the pocket. Docking analysis of YeCBM32, which binds oligogalacturonic acid, shows that the stacking of the pyranose ring is shifted in order to accommodate the sugar's axial C1-OH, and its R69 is accordingly elevated to bind the sugar's carboxyl group. Unlike AlyQB, YeCBM32's binding pocket is able to accommodate both saturated and unsaturated galacturonic acid.
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Hu F, Cao S, Li Q, Zhu B, Yao Z. Construction and biochemical characterization of a novel hybrid alginate lyase with high activity by module recombination to prepare alginate oligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1272-1279. [PMID: 33159942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyases are essential tools to prepare alginate oligosaccharides with various biological activities. However, alginate lyases with excellent properties such as high activity and good thermal stability are still in shortage. Therefore, it is crucial to exploit new alginate lyases with high activity and polysaccharide-degrading efficiency for alginate oligosaccharide preparation. Herein, we proposed to construct a novel hybrid alginate lyase with improved property by module recombination. The hybrid alginate lyase, designated as Aly7C, was successfully constructed by recombining the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of Aly7A with the catalytic module of Aly7B. Interestingly, the hybrid enzyme Aly7C exhibited higher activity than the catalytic domain. Moreover, it could degrade sodium alginate, polyM and polyG into oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (Dps) 2-5, which exhibit perfect product specificity. This work provides a new insight into well-defined generation of alginate oligosaccharides with associated CBMs and enhances the understanding of functions of the modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhong Yao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Sun C, Zhou J, Duan G, Yu X. Hydrolyzing Laminaria japonica with a combination of microbial alginate lyase and cellulase. Bioresour Technol 2020; 311:123548. [PMID: 32454421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel seaweed-hydrolyzing strain designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. Alg6B was isolated from the surface of brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica). The activity of crude alginate lyase produced by Alg6B was 54.5 U/ml and the main products of hydrolyzing alginate were disaccharide and tetrasaccharide. The hydrolysis rate of seaweed reached up to 97% after combining 3% (v/v) Alg6B and 0.2% (w/v) solid cellulase. In kelp hydrolysate, the contents of nutrients are much more than raw seaweed. Alg6B grows quickly and has the ability of producing alginate oligosaccharides with low molecular weight (MW) (≤2 kDa). Furthermore, this study demonstrates that a combination of microbial alginate lyase and cellulase could almost hydrolyze seaweed completely. This research indicated that Alg6B could provide a feasible pathway to produce alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), and the synergistic effect of alginate lyase and cellulase on seaweed bioconversion can potentially pave the way to the sustainable production of seaweed fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chixiang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food and Drug Manufacturing Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, 1 Caiguan Road, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Guoliang Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University, 1800 Li-Hu Road, Bin-Hu District, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Ma Y, Li J, Zhang XY, Ni HD, Wang FB, Wang HY, Wang ZP. Characterization of a New Intracellular Alginate Lyase with Metal Ions-Tolerant and pH-Stable Properties. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E416. [PMID: 32784864 DOI: 10.3390/md18080416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases play an important role in alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) preparation and brown seaweed processing. Many extracellular alginate lyases have been characterized to develop efficient degradation tools needed for industrial applications. However, few studies focusing on intracellular alginate lyases have been conducted. In this work, a novel intracellular alkaline alginate lyase Alyw202 from Vibrio sp. W2 was cloned, expressed and characterized. Secretory expression was performed in a food-grade host, Yarrowia lipolytica. Recombinant Alyw202 with a molecular weight of approximately 38.3 kDa exhibited the highest activity at 45 °C and more than 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 3.0 to 10.0. Furthermore, Alyw202 showed remarkable metal ion-tolerance, NaCl independence and the capacity of degrading alginate into oligosaccharides of DP2-DP4. Due to the unique pH-stable and high salt-tolerant properties, Alyw202 has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Daboor SM, Rohde JR, Cheng Z. Disruption of the extracellular polymeric network of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by alginate lyase enhances pathogen eradication by antibiotics. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:264-270. [PMID: 32482592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms antibiotic-resistant biofilms that are responsible for the treatment failure or relapses of the bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The alginate lyases that target extracellular polysaccharide alginate of P. aeruginosa biofilms are promising therapeutic candidates for treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. METHODS Immunofluorescent staining and thin layer chromatography were used to demonstrate the alginolytic activity of the alginate lyase enzyme (AlyP1400) purified from a marine Pseudoalteromonas bacterium. Anti-biofilm activities of AlyP1400 were tested alone or in combination with antibiotics on the biofilms of a mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate CF27 that were cultivated in 96-well plates and a flow cell. RESULTS We showed that AlyP1400 facilitated antibiotic activities to eliminate CF27 biofilms. The combination of AlyP1400 with antibiotics reduced the biofilm biomass and boosted bactericidal activity of antibiotics. Importantly, we demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of AlyP1400 was required for its biofilm disruption activity and its synergy with antibiotics to eradicate biofilm cells. CONCLUSION This work shed new light on the potential mechanisms of the therapeutic activity for the combinational use of alginate lyase and antibiotics to treat P. aeruginosa infections in CF lungs or other P. aeruginosa biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Daboor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Tang L, Wang Y, Gao S, Wu H, Wang D, Yu W, Han F. Biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanism of an exo-type alginate lyase VxAly7D and its use for the preparation of unsaturated monosaccharides. Biotechnol Biofuels 2020; 13:99. [PMID: 32514311 PMCID: PMC7268478 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most abundant polysaccharide in brown algae, alginate has become a promising economical material for bioethanol production. Recently, exo-type alginate lyases have received extensive attention because the unsaturated monosaccharides produced by their degradation of alginate can be easily converted into 4-deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronate (DEH), a promising material for bioethanol production and biorefinery systems. RESULTS In this study, we cloned and characterized an exo-type polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase VxAly7D from the marine bacterium Vibrio xiamenensis QY104. Recombinant VxAly7D was most active at 30 °C and exhibited 21%, 46% and 90% of its highest activity at 0, 10 and 20 °C, respectively. Compared with other exo-type alginate lyases, recombinant VxAly7D was shown to be a bifunctional alginate lyase with higher specific activity towards sodium alginate, polyG and polyM (462.4 ± 0.64, 357.37 ± 0.53 and 441.94 ± 2.46 U/mg, respectively). A total of 13 μg recombinant VxAly7D could convert 3 mg sodium alginate to unsaturated monosaccharides in 1 min with a yield of 37.6%, and the yield reached 95% in 1 h. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of VxAly7D was modelled using the crystal structure of AlyA5 from Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT as the template. The action mode and the end products of the W295A mutant revealed that Trp295 is a key amino acid residue responsible for the exolytic action mode of VxAly7D. CONCLUSION Overall, our results show that VxAly7D is a PL7 exo-type alginate lyase with high activity and a high conversion rate at low/moderate temperatures, which provides a useful enzymatic tool for the development of biofuel production from brown algae and enriches the understanding of the structure and functional relationships of polysaccharide lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103 Shandong China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Danni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China
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Cheng D, Liu Z, Jiang C, Li L, Xue C, Mao X. Biochemical characterization and degradation pattern analysis of a novel PL-6 alginate lyase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Food Chem 2020; 323:126852. [PMID: 32334319 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is the main component of brown algae which contributes to a huge biomass. The alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) have been widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their various physiological activities. In this study, we expressed and characterized a novel PL-6 alginate lyase, named OUC-ScCD6. The results indicated that OUC-ScCD6 showed highest activity at 50 °C and pH 9.0. OUC-ScCD6 prefers to degrade poly M blocks and could digest poly G blocks as well. Endolytic action mode towards polysaccharides contributes to the creation of AOs with the degrees of polymerization 2-6. Degradation towards saturated oligosaccharides showed that saturated trisaccharides (M3 and G3) were minimum identifiable substrates. Furthermore, OUC-ScCD6 shows an even-numbered glycosidic bonds preference from non-reducing end which provided clearer insights into the substrate recognition and action mode of PL-6 family alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chengcheng Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Piroozmand F, Ghadam P, Zarrabi M, Abdi-Ali A. Biochemical and computational study of an alginate lyase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S21. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020; 23:454-460. [PMID: 32489560 PMCID: PMC7239423 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.37277.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alginates play a key role in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, biofilm formation, and driving out of cationic antibiotics. P. aeruginosa alginate lyase (AlgL) is a periplasmic enzyme that is necessary for alginate synthesis and secretion. It also has a role in depolymerization of alginates. Using AlgLs in cystic fibrosis patients along with antibiotics enhances bacterial killing and host healing. In this study, we investigated the different biochemical properties of a newly isolated AlgL from P. aeruginosa S21 to complete the databank of AlgLs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The enzyme was extracted from the periplasmic space of the bacteria by the heat shock method. Using the TBA method, the enzyme activity and biochemical properties were assessed. The mutability of P. aeruginosa S21 AlgL to increase its thermal stability was investigated. The most favorable mutations were studied computationally. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) package GROMACS was used for determining the effect of S34R mutation on enzyme's thermal stability. RESULTS Data showed that this enzyme has the best activity at 37 °C and pH 7.5 and it can degrade mannuronate blocks, guluronate blocks, and sodium alginate. After 7 hr at 80 °C, 45% of the enzyme activity was retained. This enzyme needed 15 min to completely degrade accessible sodium alginate. Tris buffer, pH 8.5 and Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 7.0 were the preferable buffers for the enzyme activity. MDS of native and mutated enzymes showed desirable results. CONCLUSION P. aeruginosa S21 AlgL can be used in medical and industrial applications to degrade alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Piroozmand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Ghadam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Parinaz Ghadam. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-88044051;
| | - Mahboobe Zarrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahya Abdi-Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Sun M, Sun C, Xie H, Yan S, Yin H. A simple method to calculate the degree of polymerization of alginate oligosaccharides and low molecular weight alginates. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107856. [PMID: 31689577 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a quick, simple and accurate method to calculate the degree of polymerization (DP) of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) and low molecular weight alginates from the concentration of reducing sugar determined by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay. 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy (MS) and certified standards were used to verify the accuracy of this method, and the results showed DP calculated from DNS assay agreed with the actual DP. This method has great potential to simplify the process of measuring DP of alginate in lab and thus could be incorporated into various researches on alginates in the future. Moreover, similar method could be applied when studying the DP of other oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Chu Sun
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Hongguo Xie
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | | | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Li SY, Wang ZP, Wang LN, Peng JX, Wang YN, Han YT, Zhao SF. Combined enzymatic hydrolysis and selective fermentation for green production of alginate oligosaccharides from Laminaria japonica. Bioresour Technol 2019; 281:84-89. [PMID: 30802819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) showed various biological activities. Traditional protocol for producing AOS was a multiple-step and high-pollution procedure. In this study, a rapid and efficient AOS producing method was developed directly from Laminaria japonica. Natural sun-dried L. japonica with a feed ratio of 1:7 (w/v) was pretreated using cellulase with a dry weight of 3%, for releasing the fermentable sugars (8.5 g/L glucose and 15.2 g/L mannitol). Then, the engineered yeast Yarrowia lipolytica strain with alginate lyase activity was grown using an algae-based medium. After fermentation for 72 h, glucose and mannitol were completely consumed, and 71.8 mM AOS was extracted from the fermentation supernatant. The degree of polymerization (DP) was ranging from 2 to 3. The recovery yield of AOS was about 91.7%. The purity of the extracted AOS was 92.6%. Overall, our work provided new insights for the development of green biotechnologies for oligosaccharide production from seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lin-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ji-Xing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan-Tao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shou-Feng Zhao
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Wang Y, Chen X, Bi X, Ren Y, Han Q, Zhou Y, Han Y, Yao R, Li S. Characterization of an Alkaline Alginate Lyase with pH-Stable and Thermo-Tolerance Property. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050308. [PMID: 31137685 PMCID: PMC6562718 DOI: 10.3390/md17050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) show versatile bioactivities. Although various alginate lyases have been characterized, enzymes with special characteristics are still rare. In this study, a polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7) alginate lyase-encoding gene, aly08, was cloned from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. SY01 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified alginate lyase Aly08, with a molecular weight of 35 kDa, showed a specific activity of 841 U/mg at its optimal pH (pH 8.35) and temperature (45 °C). Aly08 showed good pH-stability, as it remained more than 80% of its initial activity in a wide pH range (4.0–10.0). Aly08 was also a thermo-tolerant enzyme that recovered 70.8% of its initial activity following heat shock treatment for 5 min. This study also demonstrated that Aly08 is a polyG-preferred enzyme. Furthermore, Aly08 degraded alginates into disaccharides and trisaccharides in an endo-manner. Its thermo-tolerance and pH-stable properties make Aly08 a good candidate for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yining Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Central Laboratory of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shangyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Boi S, Dellacasa E, Bianchini P, Petrini P, Pastorino L, Monticelli O. Encapsulated functionalized stereocomplex PLA particles: An effective system to support mucolytic enzymes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:190-198. [PMID: 30959231 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation of a novel enzyme carrier based on a polymer multicomponent system was assessed. Indeed, the design of the above system considered several issues that are the need of applying a biodegradable polymer carrier, characterized by a nanometric dimension, thus suitable to diffuse into the dense mucus structure, with functionalities capable of interacting/reacting with enzymes but resistant to enzymatic degradation. The particles were prepared from solutions containing equimolar amount of high-molecular-weight poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and by applying the nanoprecipitation method. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements allowed to establish the optimal preparation conditions to obtain polymer particles characterized by diameters lower than 1 μm, which dimensions were confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) analysis. In order to produce surface functionalization, necessary for anchoring enzymes, the stereocomplexed particles, whose structuration was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements, underwent an amminolysis reaction by using a diamine as reactant. The treated particles were characterized by means of FE-SEM, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), DLS and zeta potential measurements and their characteristics were compared with those of the neat PLLA/PDLA particles. The degree of functionalization turned out to depend on the applied conditions, it increasing by enhancing the reaction time. The activity of enzymes, i.e. papain and alginate lyase, anchored to the particles, was evaluated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and UV measurements. Moreover, with the aim at exploiting the material for an inhalation administration, a method to encapsulate the enzyme-particles systems was assessed. Conversely to free enzymes, the developed systems were found to be capable of diminishing the viscosity of two hydrogels, ad hoc prepared and based on the main constituents of the real mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Boi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Dellacasa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering 'G. Natta', UdR INSTM Milano Politecnico, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Via all'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146, Genoa, Italy.
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Lu D, Zhang Q, Wang S, Guan J, Jiao R, Han N, Han W, Li F. Biochemical characteristics and synergistic effect of two novel alginate lyases from Photobacterium sp. FC615. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:260. [PMID: 31700543 PMCID: PMC6827250 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroalgae and microalgae, as feedstocks for third-generation biofuel, possess competitive strengths in terms of cost, technology and economics. The most important compound in brown macroalgae is alginate, and the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases plays a crucial role in the saccharification process of transforming alginate into biofuel. However, there are few studies on the synergistic effect of endolytic and exolytic alginate lyases, especially those from the same bacterial strain. RESULTS In this study, the endolytic alginate lyase AlyPB1 and exolytic alginate lyase AlyPB2 were identified from the marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. FC615. These two enzymes showed quite different and novel enzymatic properties whereas behaved a strong synergistic effect on the saccharification of alginate. Compared to that when AlyPB2 was used alone, the conversion rate of alginate polysaccharides to unsaturated monosaccharides when AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted on alginate together was dramatically increased approximately sevenfold. Furthermore, we found that AlyPB1 and AlyPB2 acted the synergistic effect basing on the complementarity of their substrate degradation patterns, particularly due to their M-/G-preference and substrate-size dependence. In addition, a novel method for sequencing alginate oligosaccharides was developed for the first time by combining the 1H NMR spectroscopy and the enzymatic digestion with the exo-lyase AlyPB2, and this method is much simpler than traditional methods based on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Using this strategy, the sequences of the final tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide product fractions produced by AlyPB1 were easily determined: the tetrasaccharide fractions contained two structures, ΔGMM and ΔMMM, at a molar ratio of 1:3.2, and the pentasaccharide fractions contained four structures, ΔMMMM, ΔMGMM, ΔGMMM, and ΔGGMM, at a molar ratio of ~ 1:1.5:3.5:5.25. CONCLUSIONS The identification of these two novel alginate lyases provides not only excellent candidate tool-type enzymes for oligosaccharide preparation but also a good model for studying the synergistic digestion and saccharification of alginate in biofuel production. The novel method for oligosaccharide sequencing described in this study will offer a very useful approach for structural and functional studies on alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingdong Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Guan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Runmiao Jiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Naihan Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Han
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao, 266200 People’s Republic of China
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