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Mugnai G, Borruso L, Wu YL, Gallinaro M, Cappitelli F, Zerboni A, Villa F. Ecological strategies of bacterial communities in prehistoric stone wall paintings across weathering gradients: A case study from the Borana zone in southern Ethiopia. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168026. [PMID: 37907101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Rock art paintings represent fragile ecosystems supporting complex microbial communities tuned to the lithic substrate and climatic conditions. The composition and activity of these microbial communities associated with different weathering patterns affecting rock art sites remain unexplored. This study aimed to explore how bacterial communities adapt their ecological strategies based on substrate weathering, while also examining the role of their metabolic pathways in either biodeterioration or bioprotection of the underlying stone. SEM-EDS investigations coupled with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt2 analysis were applied on different weathered surfaces that affect southern Ethiopian rock paintings to investigate the relationships between the current stone microbiome and weathering patterns. The findings revealed that samples experiencing low and high weathering reached a climax stage characterized by stable microenvironments and limited resources. This condition favored K-strategist microorganisms, leading to reduced α-biodiversity and a community with a positive or neutral impact on the substrate. In contrast, moderately-weathered samples displayed diverse microhabitats, resulting in the prevalence of r-strategist bacteria, increased α-biodiversity, and the presence of specialist microorganisms. Moreover, the bacterial communities in moderately-weathered samples demonstrated the highest potential for carbon fixation, stress responses, and complete nitrogen and sulfur cycles. This bacterial community also showed the potential to negatively impact the underlying substrate. This research provided valuable insights into the little-understood ecology of bacterial communities inhabiting deteriorated surfaces, shedding light on the potential role of these microorganisms in the sustainable conservation of rock art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Mugnai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia (PG), IT, Italy.
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Ying-Li Wu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "A. Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Gallinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zerboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "A. Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Tenore A, Wu Y, Jacob J, Bittermann D, Villa F, Buttaro B, Klapper I. Water activity in subaerial microbial biofilms on stone monuments. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:165790. [PMID: 37517730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Stone monuments can be difficult environments for life, particularly with respect to liquid water access. Nevertheless, microbial communities are found on them with apparent ubiquity. A variety of strategies for access to liquid water have been proposed. Regardless of their water-retention mechanisms details, though, we argue that water activity (a key indicator for cell viability) is constrained by environmental conditions, largely independently of community structure, and is predicted by the local temperature and relative humidity. However, direct measurement of water activity in SABs, particularly those growing on stone surfaces, is difficult. A method for estimating water activity within SABs is presented that uses a minimally invasive combination of conservative sampling, weather data, confocal imaging, and mathematical modeling. Applying the methodology to measurements from the marble roofs of the Federal Hall National Memorial and of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, estimations are made for water activity in their subaerial stone communities over the course of an approximately one year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tenore
- Department of Mathematics, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - J Jacob
- U.S. National Park Service, North Atlantic-Appalachian Region, Historic Architecture, Conservation, and Engineering Program, United States of America
| | - D Bittermann
- U.S. National Park Service, North Atlantic-Appalachian Region, Historic Architecture, Conservation, and Engineering Program, United States of America
| | - F Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - B Buttaro
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - I Klapper
- Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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3
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Patelli G, Mauri G, Tosi F, Amatu A, Bencardino K, Bonazzina E, Pizzutilo EG, Villa F, Calvanese G, Agostara AG, Stabile S, Ghezzi S, Crisafulli G, Di Nicolantonio F, Marsoni S, Bardelli A, Siena S, Sartore-Bianchi A. Circulating Tumor DNA to Drive Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4530-4539. [PMID: 37436743 PMCID: PMC10643999 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In the evolving molecular treatment landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the identification of druggable alterations is pivotal to achieve the best therapeutic opportunity for each patient. Because the number of actionable targets is expanding, there is the need to timely detect their presence or emergence to guide the choice of different available treatment options. Liquid biopsy, through the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has proven safe and effective as a complementary method to address cancer evolution while overcoming the limitations of tissue biopsy. Even though data are accumulating regarding the potential for ctDNA-guided treatments applied to targeted agents, still major gaps in knowledge exist as for their application to different areas of the continuum of care. In this review, we recapitulate how ctDNA information could be exploited to drive different targeted treatment strategies in mCRC patients, by refining molecular selection before treatment by addressing tumor heterogeneity beyond tumor tissue biopsy; longitudinally monitoring early-tumor response and resistance mechanisms to targeted agents, potentially leading to tailored, molecular-driven, therapeutic options; guiding the molecular triage towards rechallenge strategies with anti-EGFR agents, suggesting the best time for retreatment; and providing opportunities for an "enhanced rechallenge" through additional treatments or combos aimed at overcoming acquired resistance. Besides, we discuss future perspectives concerning the potential role of ctDNA to fine-tune investigational strategies such as immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Patelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- IFOM ETS – The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mauri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- IFOM ETS – The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Tosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Amatu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Bencardino
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Bonazzina
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Gregory Pizzutilo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Calvanese
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Giuseppe Agostara
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Stabile
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Silvia Marsoni
- IFOM ETS – The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Division of Clinical Research and Innovation, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Cuevas Á, Tiemann D, Camphausen R, Cusini I, Panzani A, Mukherjee R, Villa F, Pruneri V. Multipass wide-field phase imager. Opt Express 2023; 31:37262-37274. [PMID: 38017859 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in optical imaging always look for an increase in sensitivity and resolution among other practicability aspects. Within the same scope, in this work we report a versatile interference contrast imaging technique, with high phase sensitivity and a large field-of-view of several mm2. Sensitivity is increased through the use of a self-imaging non-resonant cavity, which causes photons to probe the sample in multiple rounds before being detected, where the configuration can be transmissive or reflective. Phase profiles can be resolved individually for each round thanks to a specially designed single-photon camera with time-of-flight capabilities and true pixels-off gating. Measurement noise is reduced by novel data processing combining the retrieved sample profiles from multiple rounds. Our protocol is especially useful under extremely low light conditions as required by biological or photo-sensitive samples. Results demonstrate more than a four-fold reduction in phase measurement noise, compared to single round imaging, and values close to the predicted sensitivity in case of the best possible cavity configuration, where all photons are maintained until n rounds. We also find good agreement with the theoretical predictions for low number of rounds, where experimental imperfections would play a minor role. The absence of a laser or cavity lock-in mechanism makes the technique an easy to use inspection tool.
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Villa F, Crippa A, Pelizzoni D, Ardizzoia A, Scartabellati G, Corbetta C, Cipriani E, Lavitrano M, Ardizzoia A. Progression after First-Line Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Treatment: Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Data. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14427. [PMID: 37833875 PMCID: PMC10572355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6iss) are widely used in first-line metastatic breast cancer. For patients with progression under CDK4/6is, there is currently no standard treatment recommended at the category 1 level in international guidelines. The purpose of this article is to review the cellular mechanisms underlying the resistance to CDK4/6is, as well as treatment strategies and the clinical data about the efficacy of subsequent treatments after CDK4/6is-based therapy. In the first part, this review mainly discusses cell-cycle-specific and cell-cycle-non-specific resistance to CDK4/6is, with a focus on early and late progression. In the second part, this review analyzes potential therapeutic approaches and the available clinical data on them: switching to other CDK4/6is, to another single hormonal therapy, to other target therapies (PI3K, mTOR and AKT) and to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Villa
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.C.); (D.P.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandra Crippa
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.C.); (D.P.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Davide Pelizzoni
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.C.); (D.P.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandra Ardizzoia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Giulia Scartabellati
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Corbetta
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.C.); (D.P.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Eleonora Cipriani
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.C.); (D.P.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (A.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonio Ardizzoia
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (A.C.); (D.P.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (A.A.)
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6
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De Angelis S, De Sanctis MC, Altieri F, Ferrari M, Ammannito E, Novi S, Dami M, Antonacci F, Villa F, Meini M, Ruggiero F, Fonte S, Formisano M, Frigeri A, Tinivelli P, Giardino M, Mugnuolo R, Pirrotta S. The pre-launch on-ground characterization of Ma_MISS spectrometer for ExoMars-Rosalind Franklin Rover mission. II. Radiometric calibration. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:094501. [PMID: 37655988 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The Ma_MISS miniaturized spectrometer is integrated within the Drilling System of the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin Rover for Mars exploration. Here we focus on the on ground calibration campaign to obtain radiometric and linearity calibrations of the Ma_MISS instrument, while the first paper dealt with the spectral calibration [De Angelis et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 123704 (2022)]. The experimental setup used to carry out radiometric calibration is described, as are the methods used for data processing and key parameter retrieval. In particular, the Spectrometer Transfer Function (Responsivity), Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and detector linearity are determined. In a third paper [De Sanctis et al., Planet. Sci. J. 3, 142 (2022)], validation of the Ma_MISS calibration results through spectral measurements performed on rock and synthetic targets during the radiometric calibration campaign is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Angelis
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M C De Sanctis
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - F Altieri
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - E Ammannito
- ASI-Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S Novi
- Sitael, Via Alessandro Gherardesca, 5, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Dami
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio FI, Italy
| | - F Antonacci
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio FI, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio FI, Italy
| | - M Meini
- Sitael, Via Alessandro Gherardesca, 5, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Ruggiero
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio FI, Italy
| | - S Fonte
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Formisano
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A Frigeri
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - P Tinivelli
- University of Perugia, Piazza Università, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Giardino
- ASI-Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R Mugnuolo
- ASI-Italian Space Agency, Centro di Geodesia Spaziale, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - S Pirrotta
- ASI-Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Ratti A, Fassi EMA, Forlani F, Zangrossi M, Mori M, Cappitelli F, Roda G, Villa S, Villa F, Grazioso G. Unlocking the Antibiofilm Potential of Natural Compounds by Targeting the NADH:quinone Oxidoreductase WrbA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1612. [PMID: 37627607 PMCID: PMC10451263 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-dwelling cells endure adverse conditions, including oxidative imbalances. The NADH:quinone oxidoreductase enzyme WrbA has a crucial role in the mechanism of action of antibiofilm molecules such as ellagic and salicylic acids. This study aimed to exploit the potential of the WrbA scaffold as a valuable target for identifying antibiofilm compounds at non-lethal concentrations. A three-dimensional computational model, based on the published WrbA structure, was used to screen natural compounds from a virtual library of 800,000 compounds. Fisetin, morin, purpurogallin, NZ028, and NZ034, along with the reference compound ellagic acid, were selected. The antibiofilm effect of the molecules was tested at non-lethal concentrations evaluating the cell-adhesion of wild-type and WrbA-deprived Escherichia coli strains through fluorochrome-based microplate assays. It was shown that, except for NZ028, all of the selected molecules exhibited notable antibiofilm effects. Purpurogallin and NZ034 showed excellent antibiofilm performances at the lowest concentration of 0.5 μM, in line with ellagic acid. The observed loss of activity and the level of reactive oxygen species in the mutant strain, along with the correlation with terms contributing to the ligand-binding free energy on WrbA, strongly indicates the WrbA-dependency of purpurogallin and NZ034. Overall, the molecular target WrbA was successfully employed to identify active compounds at non-lethal concentrations, thus revealing, for the first time, the antibiofilm efficacy of purpurogallin and NZ034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ratti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico M A Fassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Forlani
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zangrossi
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Wang G, Li C, Tang H, Li B, Madonini F, Alsallom FF, Calvin Sun WK, Peng P, Villa F, Li J, Cappellaro P. Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305621120. [PMID: 37527342 PMCID: PMC10410760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305621120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state defects are attractive platforms for quantum sensing and simulation, e.g., in exploring many-body physics and quantum hydrodynamics. However, many interesting properties can be revealed only upon changes in the density of defects, which instead is usually fixed in material systems. Increasing the interaction strength by creating denser defect ensembles also brings more decoherence. Ideally one would like to control the spin concentration at will while keeping fixed decoherence effects. Here, we show that by exploiting charge transport, we can take some steps in this direction, while at the same time characterizing charge transport and its capture by defects. By exploiting the cycling process of ionization and recombination of NV centers in diamond, we pump electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. These charges are then transported to modulate the spin concentration by changing the charge state of material defects. By developing a wide-field imaging setup integrated with a fast single photon detector array, we achieve a direct and efficient characterization of the charge redistribution process by measuring the complete spectrum of the spin bath with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. We demonstrate a two-fold concentration increase of the dominant spin defects while keeping the T2 of the NV center relatively unchanged, which also provides a potential experimental demonstration of the suppression of spin flip-flops via hyperfine interactions. Our work paves the way to studying many-body dynamics with temporally and spatially tunable interaction strengths in hybrid charge-spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Changhao Li
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Boning Li
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Francesca Madonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Faisal F. Alsallom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Won Kyu Calvin Sun
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Paola Cappellaro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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9
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Agostara AG, Roazzi L, Villa F, Romano' R, Piscazzi D, Martinelli F, Ciarlo G, Oresti S, Travaglini F, Marando A, Sartore-Bianchi A, Giannetta L, Cerea G, Siena S, Pizzutilo EG, Signorelli D. What to do after immune-checkpoint inhibitors failure in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an expert opinion and review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:787-803. [PMID: 37817448 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2268509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (IO) have significantly improved outcomes of patients with non-oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), becoming the first-line agents for advanced disease. However, resistance remains a significant clinical challenge, limiting their effectiveness. AREAS COVERED Hereby, we addressed standard and innovative therapeutic approaches for NSCLC patients experiencing progression after IO treatment, discussing the emerging resistance mechanisms and the ongoing efforts to overcome them. In order to provide a complete overview of the matter, we performed a comprehensive literature search across prominent databases, including PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medica dataBASE), and the Cochrane Library, and a research of the main ongoing studies on clinicaltrials.gov. EXPERT OPINION The dynamics of progression to IO, especially in terms of time to treatment failure and burden of progressive disease, should guide the best subsequent management, together with patient clinical conditions. Long-responders to IO might benefit from continuation of IO beyond-progression, in combination with other treatments. Patients who experience early progression should be treated with salvage CT in case of preserved clinical conditions. Finally, patients who respond to IO for a considerable timeframe and who later present oligo-progression could be treated with a multimodal approach in order to maximize the benefit of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Giuseppe Agostara
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Roazzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Romano'
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Piscazzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Martinelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciarlo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Oresti
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Marando
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Giannetta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerea
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Gregory Pizzutilo
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Signorelli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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10
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Seidel S, Rueda-Chacón H, Cusini I, Villa F, Zappa F, Yu C, Goyal VK. Non-line-of-sight snapshots and background mapping with an active corner camera. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3677. [PMID: 37344498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to form reconstructions beyond line-of-sight view could be transformative in a variety of fields, including search and rescue, autonomous vehicle navigation, and reconnaissance. Most existing active non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging methods use data collection steps in which a pulsed laser is directed at several points on a relay surface, one at a time. The prevailing approaches include raster scanning of a rectangular grid on a vertical wall opposite the volume of interest to generate a collection of confocal measurements. These and a recent method that uses a horizontal relay surface are inherently limited by the need for laser scanning. Methods that avoid laser scanning to operate in a snapshot mode are limited to treating the hidden scene of interest as one or two point targets. In this work, based on more complete optical response modeling yet still without multiple illumination positions, we demonstrate accurate reconstructions of foreground objects while also introducing the capability of mapping the stationary scenery behind moving objects. The ability to count, localize, and characterize the sizes of hidden objects, combined with mapping of the stationary hidden scene, could greatly improve indoor situational awareness in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Seidel
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hoover Rueda-Chacón
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Computer Science, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 29 Calle 7, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia
| | - Iris Cusini
- Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, Milano, I-20133, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, Milano, I-20133, Italy
| | - Franco Zappa
- Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, Milano, I-20133, Italy
| | - Christopher Yu
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vivek K Goyal
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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11
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Ratti A, Fassi EMA, Forlani F, Mori M, Villa F, Cappitelli F, Sgrignani J, Roda G, Cavalli A, Villa S, Grazioso G. Mechanistic Insights into the Antibiofilm Mode of Action of Ellagic Acid. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1757. [PMID: 37376205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a major contributor to the persistence of infection and the limited efficacy of antibiotics. Antibiofilm molecules that interfere with the biofilm lifestyle offer a valuable tool in fighting bacterial pathogens. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol that has shown attractive antibiofilm properties. However, its precise antibiofilm mode of action remains unknown. Experimental evidence links the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase enzyme WrbA to biofilm formation, stress response, and pathogen virulence. Moreover, WrbA has demonstrated interactions with antibiofilm molecules, suggesting its role in redox and biofilm modulation. This work aims to provide mechanistic insights into the antibiofilm mode of action of EA utilizing computational studies, biophysical measurements, enzyme inhibition studies on WrbA, and biofilm and reactive oxygen species assays exploiting a WrbA-deprived mutant strain of Escherichia coli. Our research efforts led us to propose that the antibiofilm mode of action of EA stems from its ability to perturb the bacterial redox homeostasis driven by WrbA. These findings shed new light on the antibiofilm properties of EA and could lead to the development of more effective treatments for biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico M A Fassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Forlani
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Chiesa 5, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Villa F, Ludwig N, Mazzini S, Scaglioni L, Fuchs AL, Tripet B, Copié V, Stewart PS, Cappitelli F. A desiccated dual-species subaerial biofilm reprograms its metabolism and affects water dynamics in limestone. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161666. [PMID: 36669662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of sessile communities on underlying materials is of paramount importance in stone conservation. Up until now, the critical role of subaerial biofilms (SABs) whether they are protective or deteriorative remains unclear, especially under desiccation. The interest in desiccated SABs is raised by the prediction of an increase in drought events in the next decades that will affect the Mediterranean regions' rich stone heritage as never before. Thus, the main goal of this research is to study the effects of desiccation on both the biofilms' eco-physiology and its impacts on the lithic substrate. To this end, we used a dual-species model system composed of a phototroph and a chemotroph to simulate biofilm behavior on stone heritage. We found that drought altered the phototroph-chemotroph balance and enriched the biofilm matrix with proteins and DNA. Desiccated SABs underwent a shift in metabolism to fermentation and a decrease in oxidative stress. Additionally, desiccated SABs changed the water-related dynamics (adsorption, evaporation, and wetting properties) in limestone. Water absorption experiments showed that desiccated SABs protected the stone from rapid water uptake, while a thermographic survey indicated a delay in water evaporation. Spilling-drop tests revealed a change in the wettability of the stone-SAB interface, which affected the water transport properties of the stone. Finally, desiccated SABs reduced stone swelling in the presence of water vapor. The biodeteriorative and bioprotective implications of desiccated SABs on the stone were ultimately assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Villa
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - N Ludwig
- Dipartimento di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - S Mazzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - L Scaglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - A L Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - B Tripet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA.
| | - V Copié
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA.
| | - P S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717, USA.
| | - F Cappitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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13
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Luen SJ, Viale G, Nik-Zainal S, Savas P, Kammler R, Dell'Orto P, Biasi O, Degasperi A, Brown LC, Láng I, MacGrogan G, Tondini C, Bellet M, Villa F, Bernardo A, Ciruelos E, Karlsson P, Neven P, Climent M, Müller B, Jochum W, Bonnefoi H, Martino S, Davidson NE, Geyer C, Chia SK, Ingle JN, Coleman R, Solbach C, Thürlimann B, Colleoni M, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A, Fleming GF, Francis PA, Speed TP, Regan MM, Loi S. Genomic characterisation of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer arising in very young women. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:397-409. [PMID: 36709040 PMCID: PMC10619213 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very young premenopausal women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC) have higher rates of recurrence and death for reasons that remain largely unexplained. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genomic sequencing was applied to HR+HER2- tumours from patients enrolled in the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT) to determine genomic drivers that are enriched in young premenopausal women. Genomic alterations were characterised using next-generation sequencing from a subset of 1276 patients (deep targeted sequencing, n = 1258; whole-exome sequencing in a young-age, case-control subsample, n = 82). We defined copy number (CN) subgroups and assessed for features suggestive of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Genomic alteration frequencies were compared between young premenopausal women (<40 years) and older premenopausal women (≥40 years), and assessed for associations with distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Younger women (<40 years, n = 359) compared with older women (≥40 years, n = 917) had significantly higher frequencies of mutations in GATA3 (19% versus 16%) and CN amplifications (CNAs) (47% versus 26%), but significantly lower frequencies of mutations in PIK3CA (32% versus 47%), CDH1 (3% versus 9%), and MAP3K1 (7% versus 12%). Additionally, they had significantly higher frequencies of features suggestive of HRD (27% versus 21%) and a higher proportion of PIK3CA mutations with concurrent CNAs (23% versus 11%). Genomic features suggestive of HRD, PIK3CA mutations with CNAs, and CNAs were associated with significantly worse DRFI and OS compared with those without these features. These poor prognostic features were enriched in younger patients: present in 72% of patients aged <35 years, 54% aged 35-39 years, and 40% aged ≥40 years. Poor prognostic features [n = 584 (46%)] versus none [n = 692 (54%)] had an 8-year DRFI of 84% versus 94% and OS of 88% versus 96%. Younger women (<40 years) had the poorest outcomes: 8-year DRFI 74% versus 85% and OS 80% versus 93%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results provide insights into genomic alterations that are enriched in young women with HR+HER2- EBC, provide rationale for genomic subgrouping, and highlight priority molecular targets for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Luen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Viale
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Central Pathology Office, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics & MRC Cancer Unit, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Savas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Kammler
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Coordinating Center, Central Pathology Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Dell'Orto
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Central Pathology Office, Department of Pathology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - O Biasi
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Degasperi
- Department of Medical Genetics & MRC Cancer Unit, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L C Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - I Láng
- Istenhegyi Health Center Oncology Clinic, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G MacGrogan
- Biopathology Department, Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Tondini
- Osp. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Bellet
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Villa
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - A Bernardo
- ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Medical Oncology Unit of Pavia Institute, Italy
| | - E Ciruelos
- University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Neven
- Gynecologic Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals UZ-Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Climent
- Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Müller
- Chilean Cooperative Group for Oncologic Research (GOCCHI), Santiago, Chile
| | - W Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Berne, Switzerland
| | - H Bonnefoi
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Martino
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, USA
| | - N E Davidson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - C Geyer
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, NRG Oncology, Houston, USA
| | - S K Chia
- BC Cancer and Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J N Ingle
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - R Coleman
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cancer Research Network, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Solbach
- Breast Center, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Thürlimann
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Berne, Switzerland; Breast Center, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A S Coates
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Goldhirsch
- International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG), Bern Switzerland and IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G F Fleming
- Section of Hematology Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - P A Francis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M M Regan
- Division of Biostatistics, International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - S Loi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Galletti M, Alesini D, Anania MP, Arjmand S, Behtouei M, Bellaveglia M, Biagioni A, Buonomo B, Cardelli F, Carpanese M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Costa G, Del Dotto A, Del Giorno M, Dipace F, Doria A, Filippi F, Franzini G, Giannessi L, Giribono A, Iovine P, Lollo V, Mostacci A, Nguyen F, Opromolla M, Pellegrino L, Petralia A, Petrillo V, Piersanti L, Di Pirro G, Pompili R, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Selce A, Shpakov V, Stella A, Vaccarezza C, Villa F, Zigler A, Ferrario M. Stable Operation of a Free-Electron Laser Driven by a Plasma Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:234801. [PMID: 36563228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.234801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The breakthrough provided by plasma-based accelerators enabled unprecedented accelerating fields by boosting electron beams to gigaelectronvolt energies within a few centimeters [1-4]. This, in turn, allows the realization of ultracompact light sources based on free-electron lasers (FELs) [5], as demonstrated by two pioneering experiments that reported the observation of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) driven by plasma-accelerated beams [6,7]. However, the lack of stability and reproducibility due to the intrinsic nature of the SASE process (whose amplification starts from the shot noise of the electron beam) may hinder their effective implementation for user purposes. Here, we report a proof-of-principle experiment using plasma-accelerated beams to generate stable and reproducible FEL light seeded by an external laser. FEL radiation is emitted in the infrared range, showing the typical exponential growth of its energy over six consecutive undulators. Compared to SASE, the seeded FEL pulses have energies 2 orders of magnitude larger and stability that is 3 times higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Galletti
- Department of Physics, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN-Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- NAST Center, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D Alesini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M P Anania
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Arjmand
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Behtouei
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Bellaveglia
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Biagioni
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - B Buonomo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Cardelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Carpanese
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Chiadroni
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A Cianchi
- Department of Physics, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- INFN-Tor Vergata, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- NAST Center, Via Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Costa
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Del Dotto
- ENEA, C.R. Brasimone, 40032, Camugnano, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Del Giorno
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Dipace
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Doria
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Filippi
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Franzini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Giribono
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Iovine
- INFN-Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - V Lollo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Mostacci
- Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F Nguyen
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Opromolla
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16 20133 Milano Italy
- INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L Pellegrino
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Petralia
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Petrillo
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16 20133 Milano Italy
- INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L Piersanti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Di Pirro
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Pompili
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Romeo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A R Rossi
- INFN-Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Selce
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- INFN-Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma RM, Italy
| | - V Shpakov
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Stella
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C Vaccarezza
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zigler
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Ferrario
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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15
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De Angelis S, De Sanctis MC, Altieri F, Ferrari M, Ammannito E, Novi S, Dami M, Barbis A, Antonacci F, Villa F, Ruggiero F, Fonte S, Formisano M, Tinivelli P, Giardino M, Mugnuolo R, Pirrotta S. The pre-launch on-ground characterization of Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies (Ma_MISS) spectrometer for ExoMars rover mission: Spectral calibration. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123704. [PMID: 36586927 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Ma_MISS spectrometer is integrated within the drilling system of the Rosalind Franklin ExoMars rover. This paper reports the on-ground calibration campaign performed on the spectrometer. Here, we focus on the spectral calibration of the instrument. The experimental setup used to carry out calibration is described, and the methods used for data processing and key parameters retrieval are explained. In particular, the spectral parameters such as (i) pixel central wavelengths, (ii) spectral response function, (iii) spectral resolution, (iv) sampling, and (v) range are determined. In a follow-up paper, the linearity and radiometric calibrations are described, while in De Sanctis et al. [Planet. Sci. J. 3, 142 (2022)], the validation of spectral measurements performed on synthetic and natural rock targets is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Angelis
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M C De Sanctis
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - F Altieri
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Ferrari
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - E Ammannito
- ASI - Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - S Novi
- Sitael, Via Alessandro Gherardesca, 5, 56121 Pisa (PI), Italy
| | - M Dami
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI), Italy
| | - A Barbis
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI), Italy
| | - F Antonacci
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI), Italy
| | - F Villa
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI), Italy
| | - F Ruggiero
- Leonardo Company Finmeccanica, V. Delle Officine Galileo, 1, 50013 Campi Bisenzio (FI), Italy
| | - S Fonte
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Formisano
- INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - P Tinivelli
- University of Perugia, Piazza Università, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Giardino
- ASI - Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R Mugnuolo
- ASI - Italian Space Agency, Centro di Geodesia Spaziale, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - S Pirrotta
- ASI - Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
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16
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Ionio C, Ciuffo G, Villa F, Landoni M, Sacchi M, Rizzi D. Adolescents in the Covid Net: What Impact on their Mental Health? J Child Adolesc Trauma 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36467673 PMCID: PMC9684742 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the impact of traumatic events in adolescence and early adulthood, the current Covid 19 pandemic poses a high risk to the well-being and mental health of this population. This study aims to shed light on the traumatic impact of Covid-19 on adolescents and young adults, taking into account their personal experiences, with a particular focus on their emotional regulation skills. From May 2021 to May 2022, 216 adolescents and young adults were surveyed using a series of self-report questionnaires to assess the potentially traumatic effects of Covid-19 and its impact on adolescents' and young adults' emotional regulation skills. Analyses revealed a significant traumatic effect of Covid-19 on the adolescents in our sample. Significant correlations also emerged between the impact of the traumatic event and adolescents' emotional regulation skills. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the psychological impact of Covid-19 on adolescents from both a restorative and preventive perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Trauma Research Unit, Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciuffo
- CRIdee, Trauma Research Unit, Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Fondazione Soleterre Onlus, c/o Abbazia Di Mirasole, Strada Consortile del Mirasole, 7, Opera (MI), Italy
| | - Marta Landoni
- CRIdee, Trauma Research Unit, Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sacchi
- CRIdee, Trauma Research Unit, Dipartimento Di Psicologia, Università Cattolica, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Rizzi
- Fondazione Soleterre Onlus, c/o Abbazia Di Mirasole, Strada Consortile del Mirasole, 7, Opera (MI), Italy
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17
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Villa F, Wu YL, Zerboni A, Cappitelli F. Corrigendum: In Living Color: Pigment-Based Microbial Ecology At the Mineral-Air Interface. Bioscience 2022; 73:69. [PMID: 36643595 PMCID: PMC9832963 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac091.].
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18
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Cattò C, Corte L, Roscini L, Cardinali G, Villa F, Cappitelli F. Metabolomic and Proteomic Changes in Candida albicans Biofilm in Response to Zosteric Acid Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214067. [PMID: 36430545 PMCID: PMC9697788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zosteric acid (ZA) is a secondary metabolite of the seagrass Zostera marina, with antibiofilm activity against fungi. Information concerning its mechanisms of action is lacking and this limits the development of more potent derivatives based on the same target and activity structure. The aim of this work was to investigate the ZA mode of action by analyzing the metabolic status of Candida albicans biofilm and its protein expression profile upon ZA treatment. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed that ZA modified the metabolomic response of treated cells, showing changes in the spectral regions, mainly related to the protein compartment. Nano Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry highlighted that 10 proteins were differentially expressed in the C. albicans proteome upon ZA treatment. Proteins involved in the biogenesis, structure and integrity of cell walls as well as adhesion and stable attachment of hyphae were found downregulated, whereas some proteins involved in the stress response were found overexpressed. Additionally, ZA was involved in the modulation of non-DNA-based epigenetic regulatory mechanisms triggered by reactive oxygen species. These results partially clarified the ZA mechanism of action against fungi and provided insight into the major C. albicans pathways responsible for biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-19121
| | - Laura Corte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Microbiology, Università di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Roscini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Microbiology, Università di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Microbiology, Università di Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Villa F, Corbetta C, Crippa A, Pelizzoni D, Vittimberga I, Sansi C, Arnoffi J, Guida F, Cuomo O, Tafuni M, Sassone M, Viganò C, Anghilieri M, Ardizzoia A. Breast cancer management with CDK4/6 inhibitors as first line treatment: a single institution retrospective review. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Villa F, Wu YL, Zerboni A, Cappitelli F. In Living Color: Pigment-Based Microbial Ecology At the Mineral-Air Interface. Bioscience 2022; 72:1156-1175. [PMID: 36451971 PMCID: PMC9699719 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment-based color is one of the most important phenotypic traits of biofilms at the mineral-air interface (subaerial biofilms, SABs), because it reflects the physiology of the microbial community. Because color is the hallmark of all SABs, we argue that pigment-based color could convey the mechanisms that drive microbial adaptation and coexistence across different terrestrial environments and link phenotypic traits to community fitness and ecological dynamics. Within this framework, we present the most relevant microbial pigments at the mineral-air interface and discuss some of the evolutionary landscapes that necessitate pigments as adaptive strategies for resource allocation and survivability. We report several pigment features that reflect SAB communities' structure and function, as well as pigment ecology in the context of microbial life-history strategies and coexistence theory. Finally, we conclude the study of pigment-based ecology by presenting its potential application and some of the key challenges in the research.
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21
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Grazioli S, Mauri M, Rosi E, Villa F, Tizzoni F, Tarabelloni A, Trabattoni S, Mauri V, Colombo P, Molteni M, Nobile M. Use of machine learning on clinical questionnaires data to support the diagnostic classification of Attention DeficitHyperactivity Disorder: a personalized medicine approach. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9566907 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by inattention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD cognitive and behavioral presentation is characterized by a high heterogeneity (APA, 2013). Indeed, a complex diagnostic process, that considers several validated tools, is, to date, necessary. Objectives The main aim is to develop supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms that could be used to support the diagnostic process for ADHD, by identifying the most relevant features in discriminating between the presence or absence of the ADHD diagnosis in children. Methods We analyzed data from 342 children (Mean age: 8y 8m ± 1y; 61 F) referred for possible ADHD symptomatology. Assessments were performed by an expert clinician and through questionnaires: Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Conners Rating Scale for Parents (CPRS) and for Teachers (CTRS). Data were analyzed using a decision tree classifier and random forest algorithms. Results The decision tree model performed an accuracy of 0.71. The random forest model that was identified as the best tested, performed an accuracy of 0.77 (Figure 1) and it identified as most informative parent- and teacher-rated DSM-oriented ADHD symptoms (Figure 2). ![]()
Figure 1: Random forest confusion matrix and statistics. ![]()
Figure 2: Ranking of variables importance. Conclusions A random forest classifier could represent an effective algorithm to support the identification of ADHD children and to simplify the diagnostic process as an initial step. The use of supervised machine learning algorithms could be useful in helping the diagnostic process, highlighting the importance of a personalized medicine approach. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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22
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Crippa A, Grazioli S, Rosi E, Mauri M, Villa F, Maggioni E, Diwadkar V, Brambilla P, Pozzi M, Molteni M, Nobile M. NIRS Hemodynamic Response to Methylphenidate in Children with Attention Aeficit Hyperactivity Disorder: First Administration, Titration Phase and Associations with Clinical Severity. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9565663 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by lack of self-regulation and deficits in organizing behaviors in response to emotional stimuli. Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the most effective psychostimulant drugs for ADHD, however, a possible predictive utility of brain hemodynamic data related to MPH administration and its relation to clinical symptomatology is still not clear. To address these questions, we used Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, a non-invasive optical technique that allows to investigate the effect of psychopharmacological treatment on cortical hemodynamics. Methods Twenty children with ADHD underwent a three-waves study and 25 healthy controls were recruited at W1. At W2 children with ADHD received first MPH administration and at W3 they reached the titration phase. At each phase children performed - during NIRS recording - an emotional continuous performance task with visual stimuli of different emotional content. Clinical data were also collected at W1 and W3. We investigated the relationship among the difference between NIRS activation at W2 and W1 (Delta1) and W3 and W2 (Delta2), for each subject, task condition and brain region. Lastly, we investigated correlations between the Delta1 and clinical symptomatology indexes at W1 and between Delta2 and clinical data at W3. Conclusions Our study results suggest that hemodynamic changes in right prefrontal region probably induced by first MPH administration could predict hemodynamic changes related to MPH titration phase. These biological indexes could be associated to clinical evidences related not only to core ADHD symptoms but also to affective correlates. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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23
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Pompili R, Alesini D, Anania MP, Arjmand S, Behtouei M, Bellaveglia M, Biagioni A, Buonomo B, Cardelli F, Carpanese M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Costa G, Del Dotto A, Del Giorno M, Dipace F, Doria A, Filippi F, Galletti M, Giannessi L, Giribono A, Iovine P, Lollo V, Mostacci A, Nguyen F, Opromolla M, Di Palma E, Pellegrino L, Petralia A, Petrillo V, Piersanti L, Di Pirro G, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Scifo J, Selce A, Shpakov V, Stella A, Vaccarezza C, Villa F, Zigler A, Ferrario M. Free-electron lasing with compact beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator. Nature 2022; 605:659-662. [PMID: 35614244 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to accelerate electron beams to ultra-relativistic velocities over short distances by using plasma-based technology holds the potential for a revolution in the field of particle accelerators1-4. The compact nature of plasma-based accelerators would allow the realization of table-top machines capable of driving a free-electron laser (FEL)5, a formidable tool to investigate matter at the sub-atomic level by generating coherent light pulses with sub-ångström wavelengths and sub-femtosecond durations6,7. So far, however, the high-energy electron beams required to operate FELs had to be obtained through the use of conventional large-size radio-frequency (RF) accelerators, bound to a sizeable footprint as a result of their limited accelerating fields. Here we report the experimental evidence of FEL lasing by a compact (3-cm) particle-beam-driven plasma accelerator. The accelerated beams are completely characterized in the six-dimensional phase space and have high quality, comparable with state-of-the-art accelerators8. This allowed the observation of narrow-band amplified radiation in the infrared range with typical exponential growth of its intensity over six consecutive undulators. This proof-of-principle experiment represents a fundamental milestone in the use of plasma-based accelerators, contributing to the development of next-generation compact facilities for user-oriented applications9.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pompili
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy.
| | - D Alesini
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M P Anania
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Arjmand
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Behtouei
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - A Biagioni
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - B Buonomo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Cardelli
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Carpanese
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - E Chiadroni
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Cianchi
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,INFN Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,NAST Center, Rome, Italy
| | - G Costa
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Del Dotto
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Del Giorno
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Dipace
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Doria
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Filippi
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Galletti
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,INFN Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,NAST Center, Rome, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Giribono
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - V Lollo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - F Nguyen
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - E Di Palma
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - L Pellegrino
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Petralia
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - L Piersanti
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G Di Pirro
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Romeo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Scifo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Selce
- ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security Department (FSN), C.R. Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - V Shpakov
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Stella
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Vaccarezza
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zigler
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy.,Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Ferrario
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
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24
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Romaldini A, Spanò R, Catalano F, Villa F, Poggi A, Sabella S. Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Graphene Oxide Trigger Acute-Phase Response and Impairment of Phase-I Xenobiotic Metabolism in Upcyte® Hepatocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:867728. [PMID: 35662849 PMCID: PMC9161028 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.867728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of graphene oxide on hepatic functional cells represents a crucial evaluation step for its potential application in nanomedicine. Primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard for studying drug toxicity and metabolism; however, current technical limitations may slow down the large-scale diffusion of this cellular tool for in vitro investigations. To assess the potential hepatotoxicity of graphene oxide, we propose an alternative cell model, the second-generation upcyte® hepatocytes, which show metabolic and functional profiles akin to primary human hepatocytes. Cells were acutely exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of graphene oxide (≤80 μg/ml) for 24 h and stress-related cell responses (such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response) were evaluated, along with a broad investigation of graphene oxide impact on specialized hepatic functions. Results show a mild activation of early apoptosis but not oxidative stress or inflammatory response in our cell model. Notably, while graphene oxide clearly impacted phase-I drug-metabolism enzymes (e.g., CYP3A4, CYP2C9) through the inhibition of gene expression and metabolic activity, conversely, no effect was observed for phase-II enzyme GST and phase-III efflux transporter ABCG2. The GO-induced impairment of CYP3A4 occurs concomitantly with the activation of an early acute-phase response, characterized by altered levels of gene expression and protein production of relevant acute-phase proteins (i.e., CRP, Albumin, TFR, TTR). These data suggest that graphene oxide induces an acute phase response, which is in line with recent in vivo findings. In conclusion, upcyte® hepatocytes appear a reliable in vitro model for assessing nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity, specifically showing that sub-lethal doses of graphene oxide have a negative impact on the specialized hepatic functions of these cells. The impairment of the cytochrome P450 system, along with the activation of an acute-phase response, may suggest potential detrimental consequences for human health, as altered detoxification from xenobiotics and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Romaldini
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - R. Spanò
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - F. Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - F. Villa
- Unit of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Poggi
- Unit of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - S. Sabella
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Sabella,
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25
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Santicchia F, Wauters LA, Tranquillo C, Villa F, Dantzer B, Palme R, Preatoni D, Martinoli A. Invasive alien species as an environmental stressor and its effects on coping style in a native competitor, the Eurasian red squirrel. Horm Behav 2022; 140:105127. [PMID: 35121301 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Free-living animals cope with environmental stressors through physiological and behavioural responses. According to the unidimensional model, these responses are integrated within a coping style: proactive individuals (bold, active-explorative and social) have a lower hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity than reactive ones (shy, less active-explorative, less social). These associations may change when individuals are exposed to human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC), such as the introduction of invasive alien species (IAS). Here, we studied Eurasian red squirrels to investigate the relationship between personality traits and one integrated measure of HPA axis activity, both in areas uncolonized (natural populations) and colonized by an IAS, the Eastern grey squirrel (invaded populations). We expected an association between physiological and behavioural responses, and that activity, exploration and social tendency would covary, forming a behavioural syndrome in natural populations, while competition with the IAS was predicted to disrupt these associations. We used faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) as an integrated measure of adrenocortical activity, and measured the levels of four personality traits (exploration, activity, activity-exploration and social tendency) with an open field test and a mirror image stimulation test. We found no correlation between FGMs and personality traits, neither in natural nor invaded populations. However, we found correlations among personality traits in areas without interspecific competition, indicating a behavioural syndrome, which was disrupted in invaded populations. This is one of the few studies showing that an IAS, acting as an environmental stressor, alters a native species' behavioural syndrome, but does not influence its coping style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santicchia
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Lucas Armand Wauters
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudia Tranquillo
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano Preatoni
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Environment Analysis and Management Unit, Guido Tosi Research Group, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Sacilotto E, Salvato G, Villa F, Salvi F, Bottini G. Through the Looking Glass: A Scoping Review of Cinema and Video Therapy. Front Psychol 2022; 12:732246. [PMID: 35087441 PMCID: PMC8786706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cinematherapy and video treatments are artistic therapeutic techniques by which the individuals are exposed to their psycho-physical difficulties through the stories of the characters on the screen who are coping with the same issues that the patients are. Although these techniques are increasingly common within modern art therapies, there are neither comprehensive classifications of the different approaches nor agreement on their effectiveness. We performed a scoping review, describing different methodological approaches and outcome measures in cinematherapy and video treatments. Methodology: We searched articles in PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. We included: (i) articles in which subjects were treated for their difficulties with videos or films, (ii) articles written in English. Review articles and papers describing a research protocol without data collection were not included. Results: We analyzed 38 studies. Thirty-six reported a positive effect of the treatment. Seven studies used classical cinematherapy, adopting a qualitative approach to measure the therapy outcome. Thirty-one studies used different video treatments, 8 of which were defined as randomized controlled trials with specific objective therapy outcomes. Studies were mainly focused on behavioral and psychological difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia. Conclusion: Studies using video treatments more often rely upon structured experimental designs; on the contrary, those who used classical cinematherapy produced descriptive results. A more standardized methodological approach in terms of experimental design, procedure, and objective outcome measure is needed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of these techniques, promoting its application in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sacilotto
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Human Studies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Slenders E, Perego E, Buttafava M, Tortarolo G, Conca E, Zappone S, Pierzynska-Mach A, Villa F, Petrini EM, Barberis A, Tosi A, Vicidomini G. Cooled SPAD array detector for low light-dose fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. Biophysical Reports 2021; 1:None. [PMID: 34939046 PMCID: PMC8651514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The single-photon timing and sensitivity performance and the imaging ability of asynchronous-readout single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detectors have opened up enormous perspectives in fluorescence (lifetime) laser scanning microscopy (FLSM), such as super-resolution image scanning microscopy and high-information content fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. However, the strengths of these FLSM techniques depend on the many different characteristics of the detector, such as dark noise, photon-detection efficiency, after-pulsing probability, and optical cross talk, whose overall optimization is typically a trade-off between these characteristics. To mitigate this trade-off, we present, to our knowledge, a novel SPAD array detector with an active cooling system that substantially reduces the dark noise without significantly deteriorating any other detector characteristics. In particular, we show that lowering the temperature of the sensor to −15°C significantly improves the signal/noise ratio due to a 10-fold decrease in the dark count rate compared with room temperature. As a result, for imaging, the laser power can be decreased by more than a factor of three, which is particularly beneficial for live-cell super-resolution imaging, as demonstrated in fixed and living cells expressing green-fluorescent-protein-tagged proteins. For fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy, together with the benefit of the reduced laser power, we show that cooling the detector is necessary to remove artifacts in the correlation function, such as spurious negative correlations observed in the hot elements of the detector, i.e., elements for which dark noise is substantially higher than the median value. Overall, this detector represents a further step toward the integration of SPAD array detectors in any FLSM system.
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Cattò C, Villa F, Cappitelli F. Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant Drug Erdosteine and Its Active Metabolite on Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin Resistant Biofilm Formation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121922. [PMID: 34943025 PMCID: PMC8698571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of researches have suggested that some drugs with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanisms of action modulate biofilm formation of some pathogenic strains. However, the full contribution of ROS to biofilm development is still an open question. In this paper, the correlations between the antioxidant drug Erdosteine (Er) and its active Metabolite I (Met I), ROS and biofilm development of two strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus are presented. Experiments revealed that Er and Met I at 2 and 5 mg/L increased up to three orders of magnitude the number of biofilm-dwelling cells, while the content of ROS within the biofilms was reduced above the 87%, with a major effect of Met I in comparison to Er. Comparative proteomics showed that, 5 mg/L Met I modified the expression of 30% and 65% of total proteins in the two strains respectively. Some proteins involved in cell replication were upregulated, and a nitric oxide-based mechanism is assumed to modulate the biofilm development by changing quorum sensitive pathways. Additionally, several proteins involved in virulence were downregulated in the presence of Met I, suggesting that treated cells, despite being greater in number, might have lost part of their virulence.
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Savoldelli S, Cattò C, Villa F, Saracchi M, Troiano F, Cortesi P, Cappitelli F. Biological risk assessment in the History and Historical Documentation Library of the University of Milan. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148204. [PMID: 34380242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are billions of books that in recent and in ancient times have been produced by the human race containing evidence of its intellectual and cultural efforts. Even when stored in libraries, not all these books survive over time undamaged, because in the biosphere their materials are potential nutrients. This is the unfortunate case of the History and Historical Documentation Library of the University of Milan, where biological agents have badly affected rare and valuable old books. An entomological monitoring was carried out using sticky traps and collecting insects during inspections. The beetle Gastrallus pubens Fairmaire, rarely identified in European libraries so far, was the main biological agent responsible for the book damage, since several tunnels due to larval activity and holes made by adults were observed. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were found to be the most abundant phyla. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum among three fungal phyla. As bacteria and fungi spread by the insects are primary indications of the insect presence in the library, in this paper a potential biomarker able to detect the G. pubens presence before visible infestation was searched for among the bacterial and fungal community peculiar in the insect frass and gut, but also found on books and the surfaces of shelves. Symbiotaphrina, an ascomycete fungus described as one of the symbiotic levuliform fungi, present in the anobiid beetles' gut, was the only one found in all samples analyzed and has therefore been proposed as a putative biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Savoldelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Saracchi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Federica Troiano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cortesi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Madonini F, Villa F. Single Photon Avalanche Diode Arrays for Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21134287. [PMID: 34201576 PMCID: PMC8272195 DOI: 10.3390/s21134287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The detection of peaks shifts in Raman spectroscopy enables a fingerprint reconstruction to discriminate among molecules with neither labelling nor sample preparation. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique to reject the strong fluorescence background that profits from the time scale difference in the two responses: Raman photons are scattered almost instantaneously while fluorescence shows a nanoseconds time constant decay. The combination of short laser pulses with time-gated detectors enables the collection of only those photons synchronous with the pulse, thus rejecting fluorescent ones. This review addresses time-gating issues from the sensor standpoint and identifies single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays as the most suitable single-photon detectors to be rapidly and precisely time-gated without bulky, complex, or expensive setups. At first, we discuss the requirements for ideal Raman SPAD arrays, particularly focusing on the design guidelines for optimized on-chip processing electronics. Then we present some existing SPAD-based architectures, featuring specific operation modes which can be usefully exploited for Raman spectroscopy. Finally, we highlight key aspects for future ultrafast Raman platforms and highly integrated sensors capable of undistorted identification of Raman peaks across many pixels.
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Pompili R, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Curcio A, Del Dotto A, Ferrario M, Galletti M, Romeo S, Scifo J, Shpakov V, Villa F, Zigler A. Time-resolved study of nonlinear photoemission in radio-frequency photoinjectors. Opt Lett 2021; 46:2844-2847. [PMID: 34129555 DOI: 10.1364/ol.423880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoemission is one of the fundamental processes that describes the generation of charged particles from materials irradiated by photons. The continuous progress in the development of ultrashort lasers allows investigation into the dynamics of the process at the femtosecond timescale. Here we report about experimental measurements using two ultrashort ultraviolet laser pulses to temporally probe the electrons release from a copper cathode in a radio-frequency photoinjector. By changing their relative delay, we studied how the release mechanism is affected by two-photon photoemission when tens of GW/cm2 intensities are employed. We evaluated the limits it poses on the achievable beam brightness and analyzed the resulting emission yield in terms of the electronic temperature by modeling the cathode as a two-temperature system.
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Villa F, Severini F, Madonini F, Zappa F. SPADs and SiPMs Arrays for Long-Range High-Speed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:3839. [PMID: 34206130 PMCID: PMC8199503 DOI: 10.3390/s21113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a 3D imaging technique, widely used in many applications such as augmented reality, automotive, machine vision, spacecraft navigation and landing. Achieving long-ranges and high-speed, most of all in outdoor applications with strong solar background illumination, are challenging requirements. In the introduction we review different 3D-ranging techniques (stereo-vision, projection with structured light, pulsed-LiDAR, amplitude-modulated continuous-wave LiDAR, frequency-modulated continuous-wave interferometry), illumination schemes (single point and blade scanning, flash-LiDAR) and time-resolved detectors for LiDAR (EM-CCD, I-CCD, APD, SPAD, SiPM). Then, we provide an extensive review of silicon- single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based LiDAR detectors (both commercial products and research prototypes) analyzing how each architecture faces the main challenges of LiDAR (i.e., long ranges, centimeter resolution, large field-of-view and high angular resolution, high operation speed, background immunity, eye-safety and multi-camera operation). Recent progresses in 3D stacking technologies provided an important step forward in SPAD array development, allowing to reach smaller pitch, higher pixel count and more complex processing electronics. In the conclusions, we provide some guidelines for the design of next generation SPAD-LiDAR detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria—Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.S.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
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Villa F, Rosi E, Grazioli S, Mauri M, Giorda R, Brambilla P, Bonivento C, Garzitto M, Molteni M, Nobile M. Associations between genes methylation, postnatal risk factors and psychiatric symptoms in a clinical sample of children and adolescents: Preliminar results from the remind longitudinal study. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9470411 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epigenetics hypothesizes a crucial link between postnatal risk factors, individual response to stress, DNA methylation and psychiatric symptomatology changes during life. Objectives We analyzed methylation within two gene exons: NR3C1 and SLC6A4, which are involved in responses to environmental stressors. We investigated the relationship between methylation, postnatal risk factors and psychopathology assessed by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in our help-seeking sample evaluated in infancy (W1), preadolescence (W2) and adult life (W3). Methods Postnatal risk factors data were collected at W1 in 205 clinical subjects (156 M, 49 F; age=9,13±1,95). The CBCL scores were collected at W1 and W2 (W2 age=14,52±2,12). Data regarding methylation were collected at W2. At W3 we are also collecting clinical scores. A Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated between methylation percentage and clinical data at W2. The externalizing and internalizing trajectories were evaluated through repeated measure ANOVA with postnatal risk factors (presence/absence) as between-groups factor. Results Significant associations were found between methylation and internalizing and total clinical scores (Table 1). The rm-ANOVA results showed a significant interaction between the CBCL internalizing score and presence/absence of postnatal risk, with higher internalizing problems in subjects that were exposed to postnatal risk factors. This effect was significant at W2 but not at W1 (Figure 1).![]() ![]() Conclusions Psychopathological symptoms trajectories could depend on epigenetics and early environmental risk factors. Further analyses will address a Linear Discriminant Analysis to proceed to a machine learning oriented approach. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Grazioli S, Rosi E, Villa F, Mauri M, Brambilla P, Bonivento C, Molteni M, Nobile M. Relationship between internalizing and externalizing symptoms trajectories and perinatal risk factors in an epidemiological sample: Preliminary results from the remind project. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471891 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our 15-years follow-up ReMIND project aims to re-assess an epidemiological and a clinical sample of adults (Wave 3), who were assessed in preadolescence (Wave 1) and adolescence (Wave 2), to evaluate symptoms trajectories and their relationship with genetic/epigenetic data, environmental risk factors and neuroimaging measures. Objectives Here, we depict preliminary results regarding the epidemiological sample. Methods We assessed internalizing and externalizing symptoms in 40 italian subjects (25 F) from general population at three waves (W1 mean age: 12±0,82; W2 mean age: 17±0,88, W3 mean age: 28±1), through the Child Behavior Checklist (W1 and W2) or the Adult Self Report (W3), and perinatal risk factors through a socio-anamnestic questionnaire, by a new online platform (MedicalBit). We analyzed symptoms trajectories and their relation with perinatal risk factors through a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (rm-MANOVA). Results rm-MANOVA results show that high number of perinatal risks was significantly associated with higher internalizing symptomatology in preadolescence but not in adolescence and adult life. The mean difference was 8 T-points. The same trend is evident in adolescence but not in adult age (Graph 1). Perinatal risk factors did not have a significant effect on externalizing symptoms at any time point, despite a non-significant trend is evident (Graph 2).![]() ![]() Conclusions Our preliminary results suggest a trend of increased internalizing symptoms from childhood to adulthood and a significant role of perinatal risk factors in pre-adolescence. Further investigations are necessary to better understand symptoms trajectories and the role of biological and environmental factors. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Slenders E, Castello M, Buttafava M, Villa F, Tosi A, Lanzanò L, Koho SV, Vicidomini G. Confocal-based fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy with a SPAD array detector. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:31. [PMID: 33542179 PMCID: PMC7862647 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The combination of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) is a powerful tool in studying fast, sub-resolution biomolecular processes in living cells. A detector array can further enhance CLSM-based FFS techniques, as it allows the simultaneous acquisition of several samples-essentially images-of the CLSM detection volume. However, the detector arrays that have previously been proposed for this purpose require tedious data corrections and preclude the combination of FFS with single-photon techniques, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging. Here, we solve these limitations by integrating a novel single-photon-avalanche-diode (SPAD) array detector in a CLSM system. We validate this new implementation on a series of FFS analyses: spot-variation fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, pair-correlation function analysis, and image-derived mean squared displacement analysis. We predict that the unique combination of spatial and temporal information provided by our detector will make the proposed architecture the method of choice for CLSM-based FFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Slenders
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Castello
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Lanzanò
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sami Valtteri Koho
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
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Gambitta P, Aseni P, Villa F, Fontana P, Armellino A, Vertemati M. Safety of Endoscopic Snare Ampullectomy for Adenomatous Ampullary Lesions: Focus on Pancreatic Stent Placement to Prevent Pancreatitis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2021; 31:462-467. [PMID: 33538546 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ampullary tumors, although relatively uncommon, are increasingly diagnosed due to ongoing progress in imaging technology and the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopic ampullectomy (EA) has become the preferred treatment option over surgery due to its lower morbidity for benign ampullary adenomas. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and outcome of EA in 30 patients with benign-appearing ampullary lesions with particular emphasis on the accuracy of preampullectomy histology and technical details of the pancreatic duct drainage to prevent postprocedural pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from a cohort of 30 patients who underwent EA were retrospectively analyzed. Histologic characteristics of the ampullomas, accuracy of histology of pre-EA biopsy specimen, safety of the procedure, recurrence rate, as well as the clinical outcome of all patients, are analyzed and discussed. RESULTS Endoscopic resection was successful as a definitive treatment in 25 patients (83.3%). Five patients required additional surgery. In 8 patients, a definitive histologic specimen revealed an adenocarcinoma (3 in situ and 5 invasive). The diagnostic accuracy obtained by preresection biopsy specimen was low (0.70). Pancreatic duct stent placement after snare resection was unsuccessful in 9 patients, and 3 of them developed pancreatitis after EA. CONCLUSIONS EA appears to be a relatively safe alternative to surgery as the first therapeutic option for selected patients with benign-appearing ampullary adenomas. A correct preoperative evaluation by endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography can help to define the anatomy of the pancreatic duct to improve the success rate of pancreatic stent placement which seems to offer a protective role in the prevention of postprocedural pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gambitta
- Gastroenterology Division, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano
| | - Paolo Aseni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - Federica Villa
- Gastroenterology Division, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano
| | - Paola Fontana
- Gastroenterology Division, Legnano Hospital, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano
| | - Antonio Armellino
- Endoscopy Division, Ospedale San Leopoldo Mandic di Merate, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vertemati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
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Di Sieno L, Ferocino E, Conca E, Sesta V, Buttafava M, Villa F, Zappa F, Contini D, Torricelli A, Taroni P, Tosi A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A. Time-domain diffuse optics with 8.6 mm 2 fast-gated SiPM for extreme light harvesting. Opt Lett 2021; 46:424-427. [PMID: 33449045 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast time-gated single-photon detectors demonstrated high depth sensitivity in the detection of localized absorption perturbations inside scattering media, but their use for in vivo clinical applications-such as functional imaging of brain activation-was impaired by their small (<0.04mm2) active area. Here, we demonstrate, both on phantoms and in vivo, the performance of a fast-gated digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) that features an overall active area of 8.6mm2, overcoming the photon collection capability of established time-gated single-pixel detectors by orders of magnitude, enabling deep investigations within scattering media and high signal-to-noise ratios at late photon arrival times.
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Villa F, Secundo F, Forlani F, Cattò C, Cappitelli F. Biochemical and molecular changes of the zosteric acid-treated Escherichia coli biofilm on a mineral surface. ANN MICROBIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The main goal of the present work was to assess the effectiveness of zosteric acid (ZA) in hindering Escherichia coli biofilm formation on a mineral surface.
Methods
Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) flow system was used to probe in situ the biochemical changes induced by ZA on E. coli sessile cells growing on the zinc selenide ATR plate. Comparative proteome analysis was conducted on the sessile cells to better understand the principal molecular changes that occur on ZA-treated biofilms.
Results
The ZA treatment modified the kinetics of the biofilm development. After the ZA exposure, dramatic changes in the carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA profiles were observed over time in the ATR-FTIR spectra. These results were translated into the physiological effects such as the reduction of both the biomass and the EPS contents, the inhibition of the biofilm growth, and the promotion of the detachment. In E. coli sessile cells, the comparative proteome analysis revealed that, while the stress responses were upregulated, the pathways belonging to the DNA replication and repair were downregulated in the ZA-treated biofilms.
Conclusions
The ZA reduced the binding capability of E. coli cells onto the ZnSe crystal, hindering the firm adhesion and the subsequent biofilm development on a mineral surface. The variation of the protein patterns indicated that the ZA acted as a stress factor on the sessile cells that seemed to discourage biomass proliferation, consequently decreasing the surface colonization.
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Mugnai G, Borruso L, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Luongo V, Frunzo L, Fabbricino M, Pirozzi F, Cappitelli F, Villa F. Dynamics of bacterial communities and substrate conversion during olive-mill waste dark fermentation: Prediction of the metabolic routes for hydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 2021; 319:124157. [PMID: 32987280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the biological catalysts and possible substrate conversion routes in mesophilic dark fermentation reactors aimed at producing H2 from olive mill wastewater. Bacillus and Clostridium were the most abundant phylotypes during the rapid stage of H2 production. Chemical analyses combined with predictive functional profiling of the bacterial communities indicated that the lactate fermentation was the main H2-producing route. In fact, during the fermentation process, lactate and acetate were consumed, while H2 and butyrate were being produced. The fermentation process was rich in genes that encode enzymes for lactate generation from pyruvate. Lactate conversion to butyrate through the generation of pyruvate produced H2 through the recycling of electron carriers via the pyruvate ferredoxin oxydoreductase pathway. Overall, these findings showed the synergy among lactate-, acetate- and H2-producing bacteria, which complex interactions determine the H2 production routes in the bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Mugnai
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Luongo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples "Federico II", via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Frunzo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples "Federico II", via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Fabbricino
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Pellegrino B, Cavanna L, Boggiani D, Zamagni C, Frassoldati A, Schirone A, Caldara A, Rocca A, Gori S, Piacentini F, Berardi R, Brandes AA, Foglietta J, Villa F, Todeschini R, Tognetto M, Naldi N, Bortesi B, Montemurro F, Ardizzoni A, Boni L, Musolino A. Phase II study of eribulin in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic triple negative breast cancer (ERIGE trial). Clinical and pharmacogenetic results on behalf of the Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica (GOIRC). ESMO Open 2020; 6:100019. [PMID: 33399082 PMCID: PMC7808100 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of a microtubule inhibitor (eribulin) with a nucleoside analog (gemcitabine) may synergistically induce tumor cell death, particularly in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) characterized by high cell proliferation, aggressive behavior, and chemo-resistance. Patients and methods This is an open-label, multicenter phase II study evaluating the combination of eribulin (0.88 mg/m2) plus gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle as either first- or second-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic TNBC. The primary endpoint was the objective response for evaluable patients. A prospective, molecular correlative study was carried out to assess the role of germinal BRCA pathogenic variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in predicting efficacy and toxicity of the combination regimen. Results From July 2013 to September 2016, 83 evaluable patients were enrolled. They received a median number of six cycles of treatment. An overall response rate (ORR) of 37.3% (31 patients) was observed, with a complete response rate of 2.4% and a partial response rate of 34.9%; the clinical benefit rate was 48.8%. With a median follow-up of 28.8 months, the median response duration was 6.6 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.1 months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 14.5 months. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were aminotransferase elevation (in 25% of the patients) and neutropenia (in 23.8%). Women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were associated with worse ORR, PFS, and OS than BRCA1/2 wild-type carriers. CYP3A4 and FGD4 SNPs were associated with increased risk of liver toxicity. Three different SNPs in CDA∗2, RRM1, and CYP2C8 genes were significantly associated with poorer OS. Conclusions The combination of eribulin and gemcitabine showed promising activity and a moderate toxicity profile in metastatic TNBC. BRCA status and pharmacogenetics tests may help identify patients with high probability of response with negligible toxicity. EudraCT number 2012-003505-10. Eribulin plus gemcitabine showed a remarkable best ORR of 37.3% and a clinical benefit rate of 48.8%. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were liver toxicity and neutropenia without febrile neutropenia. The study regimen partially lost its efficacy in patients harboring BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. SNPs in CYP3A4 and FGD4 genes were associated with increased risk of liver toxicity. Three different SNPs in CDA∗2, RRM1, and CYP2C8 genes were significantly associated with poorer OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pellegrino
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC), Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Cavanna
- Hospital of Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - D Boggiani
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC), Parma, Italy
| | - C Zamagni
- SSD Oncologia Medica Addarii, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Frassoldati
- Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC), Parma, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Schirone
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Caldara
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
| | - A Rocca
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - S Gori
- Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (VR), Italy
| | - F Piacentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - R Berardi
- Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - A A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - F Villa
- Hospital of Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - R Todeschini
- Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC), Parma, Italy
| | - M Tognetto
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N Naldi
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - B Bortesi
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Montemurro
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - A Ardizzoni
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Boni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Musolino
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy; Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research (GOIRC), Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Koho SV, Slenders E, Tortarolo G, Castello M, Buttafava M, Villa F, Tcarenkova E, Ameloot M, Bianchini P, Sheppard CJR, Diaspro A, Tosi A, Vicidomini G. Two-photon image-scanning microscopy with SPAD array and blind image reconstruction. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:2905-2924. [PMID: 32637232 DOI: 10.1101/563288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (2PE) laser scanning microscopy is the imaging modality of choice when one desires to work with thick biological samples. However, its spatial resolution is poor, below confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here, we propose a straightforward implementation of 2PE image scanning microscopy (2PE-ISM) that, by leveraging our recently introduced single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector and a novel blind image reconstruction method, is shown to enhance the effective resolution, as well as the overall image quality of 2PE microscopy. With our adaptive pixel reassignment procedure ∼1.6 times resolution increase is maintained deep into thick semi-transparent samples. The integration of Fourier ring correlation based semi-blind deconvolution is shown to further enhance the effective resolution by a factor of ∼2 - and automatic background correction is shown to boost the image quality especially in noisy images. Most importantly, our 2PE-ISM implementation requires no calibration measurements or other input from the user, which is an important aspect in terms of day-to-day usability of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami V Koho
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eli Slenders
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giorgio Tortarolo
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatiche, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Castello
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tcarenkova
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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Koho SV, Slenders E, Tortarolo G, Castello M, Buttafava M, Villa F, Tcarenkova E, Ameloot M, Bianchini P, Sheppard CJR, Diaspro A, Tosi A, Vicidomini G. Two-photon image-scanning microscopy with SPAD array and blind image reconstruction. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:2905-2924. [PMID: 32637232 PMCID: PMC7316014 DOI: 10.1364/boe.374398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (2PE) laser scanning microscopy is the imaging modality of choice when one desires to work with thick biological samples. However, its spatial resolution is poor, below confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here, we propose a straightforward implementation of 2PE image scanning microscopy (2PE-ISM) that, by leveraging our recently introduced single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector and a novel blind image reconstruction method, is shown to enhance the effective resolution, as well as the overall image quality of 2PE microscopy. With our adaptive pixel reassignment procedure ∼1.6 times resolution increase is maintained deep into thick semi-transparent samples. The integration of Fourier ring correlation based semi-blind deconvolution is shown to further enhance the effective resolution by a factor of ∼2 - and automatic background correction is shown to boost the image quality especially in noisy images. Most importantly, our 2PE-ISM implementation requires no calibration measurements or other input from the user, which is an important aspect in terms of day-to-day usability of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami V. Koho
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Eli Slenders
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giorgio Tortarolo
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Informatiche, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Castello
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tcarenkova
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- University of Turku, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories, Laboratory of Biophysics, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vicidomini
- Molecular Microscopy and Spectroscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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Lagarto JL, Villa F, Tisa S, Zappa F, Shcheslavskiy V, Pavone FS, Cicchi R. Real-time multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging using Single Photon Avalanche Diode arrays. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8116. [PMID: 32415224 PMCID: PMC7229199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescence spectroscopy has emerged in recent years as a powerful tool to report label-free contrast between normal and diseased tissues, both in vivo and ex vivo. We report the development of an instrument employing Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays to realize real-time multispectral autofluorescence lifetime imaging at a macroscopic scale using handheld single-point fibre optic probes, under bright background conditions. At the detection end, the fluorescence signal is passed through a transmission grating and both spectral and temporal information are encoded in the SPAD array. This configuration allows interrogation in the spectral range of interest in real time. Spatial information is provided by an external camera together with a guiding beam that provides a visual reference that is tracked in real-time. Through fast image processing and data analysis, fluorescence lifetime maps are augmented on white light images to provide feedback of the measurements in real-time. We validate and demonstrate the practicality of this technique in the reference fluorophores and in articular cartilage samples mimicking the degradation that occurs in osteoarthritis. Our results demonstrate that SPADs together with fibre probes can offer means to report autofluorescence spectral and lifetime contrast in real-time and thus are suitable candidates for in situ tissue diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Lagarto
- National Institute of Optics National Research Council (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy.
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Tisa
- Micro Photon Device SRL, Via Waltraud Gebert Deeg 3g, I-39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franco Zappa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vladislav Shcheslavskiy
- Becker & Hickl GmbH, Nunsdorfer Ring 7-9, 12277, Berlin, Germany
- Privolzhskiy Medical Research University, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- National Institute of Optics National Research Council (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics National Research Council (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Connolly PWR, Ren X, McCarthy A, Mai H, Villa F, Waddie AJ, Taghizadeh MR, Tosi A, Zappa F, Henderson RK, Buller GS. High concentration factor diffractive microlenses integrated with CMOS single-photon avalanche diode detector arrays for fill-factor improvement. Appl Opt 2020; 59:4488-4498. [PMID: 32400429 PMCID: PMC7340373 DOI: 10.1364/ao.388993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large-format single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays often suffer from low fill-factors-the ratio of the active area to the overall pixel area. The detection efficiency of these detector arrays can be vastly increased with the integration of microlens arrays designed to concentrate incident light onto the active areas and may be refractive or diffractive in nature. The ability of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to efficiently cover a square or rectangular pixel, combined with their capability of working as fast lenses (i.e., ∼f/3) makes them versatile and practical lens designs for use in sparse photon applications using microscale, large-format detector arrays. Binary-mask-based photolithography was employed to fabricate fast diffractive microlenses for two designs of 32×32 SPAD detector arrays, each design having a different pixel pitch and fill-factor. A spectral characterization of the lenses is performed, as well as analysis of performance under different illumination conditions from wide- to narrow-angle illumination (i.e., f/2 to f/22 optics). The performance of the microlenses presented exceeds previous designs in terms of both concentration factor (i.e., increase in light collection capability) and lens speed. Concentration factors greater than 33× are achieved for focal lengths in the substrate material as short as 190µm, representing a microlens f-number of 3.8 and providing a focal spot diameter of <4µm. These results were achieved while retaining an extremely high degree of performance uniformity across the 1024 devices in each case, which demonstrates the significant benefits to be gained by the implementation of DOEs as part of an integrated detector system using SPAD arrays with very small active areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. R. Connolly
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ximing Ren
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- Current address: Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA
| | - Aongus McCarthy
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Hanning Mai
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrew J. Waddie
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Mohammad R. Taghizadeh
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Franco Zappa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Robert K. Henderson
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Gerald S. Buller
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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Giorgi PD, Villa F, Gallazzi E, Debernardi A, Schirò GR, Crisà FM, Talamonti G, D'Aliberti G. The management of emergency spinal surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Bone Joint J 2020; 102-B:671-676. [PMID: 32323563 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.102b6.bjj-2020-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, several non-COVID-19 medical emergencies still need to be treated, including vertebral fractures and spinal cord compression. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience and an organizational protocol for emergency spinal surgery currently being used in a large metropolitan area by an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. METHODS An organizational model is presented based on case centralization in hub hospitals and early management of surgical cases to reduce hospital stay. Data from all the patients admitted for emergency spinal surgery from the beginning of the outbreak were prospectively collected and compared to data from patients admitted for the same reason in the same time span in the previous year, and treated by the same integrated team. RESULTS A total of 19 patients (11 males and eight females, with a mean age of 49.9 years (14 to 83)) were admitted either for vertebral fracture or spinal cord compression in a 19-day period, compared to the ten admitted in the previous year. No COVID-19 patients were treated. The mean time between admission and surgery was 1.7 days, significantly lower than 6.8 days the previous year (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The structural organization and the management protocol we describe allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available. We hope that our early experience can be of value to the medical communities that will soon be in the same emergency situation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):671-676.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Giorgi
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Neurosurgery Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - E Gallazzi
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - A Debernardi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - G R Schirò
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - F M Crisà
- Neurosurgery Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Talamonti
- Neurosurgery Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - G D'Aliberti
- Neurosurgery Unit, Emergency and Urgency Department, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Venturelli M, Ruzzante F, Villa F, Rudi D, Tarperi C, Milanese C, Cavedon V, Fonte C, Picelli A, Smania N, Calabria E, Skafidas S, Fochi S, Romanelli MG, Layec G, Schena F. Response: Commentary: Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study. Front Physiol 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32351406 PMCID: PMC7174739 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Venturelli
| | - Federico Ruzzante
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Doriana Rudi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cantor Tarperi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Fonte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Smania
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Calabria
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Spiros Skafidas
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Fochi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Cattò C, De Vincenti L, Cappitelli F, D’Attoma G, Saponari M, Villa F, Forlani F. Non-Lethal Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Xylella fastidiosa Strain De Donno Biofilm Formation and Detachment. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E656. [PMID: 31817370 PMCID: PMC6955915 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated in-vitro the non-lethal effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca strain De Donno (Xf-DD) biofilm. This strain was isolated from the olive trees affected by the olive quick decline syndrome in southern Italy. Xf-DD was first exposed to non-lethal concentrations of NAC from 0.05 to 1000 µM. Cell surface adhesion was dramatically reduced at 500 µM NAC (-47%), hence, this concentration was selected for investigating the effects of pre-, post- and co-treatments on biofilm physiology and structural development, oxidative homeostasis, and biofilm detachment. Even though 500 µM NAC reduced bacterial attachment to surfaces, compared to the control samples, it promoted Xf-DD biofilm formation by increasing: (i) biofilm biomass by up to 78% in the co-treatment, (ii) matrix polysaccharides production by up to 72% in the pre-treatment, and (iii) reactive oxygen species levels by 3.5-fold in the co-treatment. Xf-DD biofilm detachment without and with NAC was also investigated. The NAC treatment did not increase biofilm detachment, compared to the control samples. All these findings suggested that, at 500 µM, NAC diversified the phenotypes in Xf-DD biofilm, promoting biofilm formation (hyper-biofilm-forming phenotype) and discouraging biofilm detachment (hyper-attachment phenotype), while increasing oxidative stress level in the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca De Vincenti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Giusy D’Attoma
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy (M.S.)
| | - Maria Saponari
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy (M.S.)
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Forlani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (C.C.); (L.D.V.); (F.C.); (F.F.)
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Domingo G, Villa F, Vannini C, Garuglieri E, Onelli E, Bracale M, Cappitelli F. Label-Free Proteomic Approach to Study the Non-lethal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on a Gut Bacterium. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2709. [PMID: 31866956 PMCID: PMC6906586 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all the food-related nanoparticles consumed every day, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the most commonly utilized because of their antimicrobial properties. Despite their common use, the effects of sublethal concentrations of AgNPs, especially on gut biofilms, have been poorly investigated. To address this issue, we investigated in vitro the proteomic response of a monospecies Escherichia coli gut biofilm to chronic and acute exposures in sublethal concentrations of AgNPs. We used a new gel- and label-free proteomic approach based on shotgun nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This approach allows a quantification of the whole proteome at a dynamic range that is higher than the traditional proteomic investigation. To assess all different possible exposure scenarios, we compared the biofilm proteome of four treatments: (i) untreated cells for the control treatment, (ii) cells treated with 1 μg/ml AgNPs for 24 h for the acute treatment, (iii) cells grown with 1 μg/ml AgNPs for 96 h for the chronic treatment, and (iv) cells grown in the presence of 1 μg/ml AgNPs for 72 h and then further treated for 24 h with 10 μg/ml AgNPs for the chronic + acute treatment. Among the 1,917 proteins identified, 212 were significantly differentially expressed proteins. Several pathways were altered including biofilm formation, bacterial adhesion, stress response to reactive oxygen species, and glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Domingo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Candida Vannini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Garuglieri
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Onelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bracale
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Johansson JD, Portaluppi D, Buttafava M, Villa F. A multipixel diffuse correlation spectroscopy system based on a single photon avalanche diode array. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201900091. [PMID: 31339649 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The autocorrelation of laser speckles from coherent near infrared light is used for noninvasive estimates of relative changes in blood perfusion in techniques such as laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS). In this study, a 2D array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was used to combine the strengths of multiple detectors in LDF with high light sensitivity in DCS. The system was tested on milk phantoms with varying detector fiber diameter (200 and 600 μm), source-detector fiber separation (4.6-10.2 mm), fiber-SPAD distance (2.5-36.5 mm), contiguous measurement time per repetition for the autocorrelation (1-33 ms) and temperature (15.6-46.7°C). An in vivo blood occlusion test was also performed. The multipixel approach improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and, in our setup, the use of a multimode detector fiber was beneficial for SNR. In conclusion, the multipixel system works, but improvements and further studies regarding, for example, the data acquisition and optimal settings are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Portaluppi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Farina A, Candeo A, Dalla Mora A, Bassi A, Lussana R, Villa F, Valentini G, Arridge S, D'Andrea C. Novel time-resolved camera based on compressed sensing. Opt Express 2019; 27:31889-31899. [PMID: 31684412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved cameras with high temporal resolution (down to ps) enable a huge set of novel applications ranging from biomedicine and environmental science to material and device characterization. In this work, we propose, and experimentally validate, a novel detection scheme for time-resolved imaging based on a compressed sampling approach. The proposed scheme unifies into a single element all the required operations, i.e. space modulation, space integration and time-resolved detection, paving the way to dramatic cost reduction, performance improvement and ease of use.
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