1
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Wang C, Wan S, Wang Y, Shi F, Gong M, Zeng H. Imaging the Magnetic Anisotropy in Ultrathin Fe 4GeTe 2 with a Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometer. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38708987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) FenGeTe2, with n = 3, 4, and 5, has been realized in experiments, showing strong magnetic anisotropy with enhanced critical temperature (Tc). The understanding of its magnetic anisotropy is crucial for the exploration of more stable 2D magnets and its spintronic applications. Here, we report a quantitative reconstruction of the magnetization magnitude and its direction in ultrathin Fe4GeTe2 using nitrogen vacancy centers. Through imaging stray magnetic fields, we identified the spin-flop transition at approximately 80 K, resulting in a change of the easy axis from the out-of-plane direction to the in-plane direction. Moreover, by analyzing the thermally activated escape behavior of the magnetization near Tc in terms of the Ginzburg-Landau model, we observed the in-plane magnetic anisotropy effect and the formation capability of magnetic domains at ∼0.4 μm2 μT-1. Our findings contribute to the quantitative understanding of the magnetic anisotropy effect in a vast range of 2D van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualing Zeng
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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2
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Fan S, Gao H, Zhang Y, Nie L, Bártolo R, Bron R, Santos HA, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radical Generation in Mitochondria of Single Heart Muscle Cells during Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2982-2991. [PMID: 38235677 PMCID: PMC10832053 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cells are damaged during hypoxia (blood supply deprivation) and reoxygenation (oxygen return). This damage occurs in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation, potentially harming the tissue and organs. The role of free radicals in cellular metabolic reprogramming under hypoxia is under debate, but their measurement is challenging due to their short lifespan and limited diffusion range. In this study, we employed a quantum sensing technique to measure the real-time production of free radicals at the subcellular level. We utilize fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) that exhibit changes in their optical properties based on the surrounding magnetic noise. This way, we were able to detect the presence of free radicals. To specifically monitor radical generation near mitochondria, we coated the FNDs with an antibody targeting voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (anti-VDAC2), which is located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. We observed a significant increase in the radical load on the mitochondrial membrane when cells were exposed to hypoxia. Subsequently, during reoxygenation, the levels of radicals gradually decreased back to the normoxia state. Overall, by applying a quantum sensing technique, the connections among hypoxia, free radicals, and the cellular redox status has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fan
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gao
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Bártolo
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier Bron
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Smith JA, Zhang D, Balram KC. Robotic Vectorial Field Alignment for Spin-Based Quantum Sensors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304449. [PMID: 37974523 PMCID: PMC10787065 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing practical quantum technologies will require the exquisite manipulation of fragile systems in a robust and repeatable way. As quantum technologies move toward real world applications, from biological sensing to communication in space, increasing experimental complexity introduces constraints that can be alleviated by the introduction of new technologies. Robotics has shown tremendous progress in realizing increasingly smart, autonomous, and highly dexterous machines. Here, a robotic arm equipped with a magnet is demonstrated to sensitize an NV center quantum magnetometer in challenging conditions unachievable with standard techniques. Vector magnetic fields are generated with 1° angular and 0.1 mT amplitude accuracy and determine the orientation of a single stochastically-aligned spin-based sensor in a constrained physical environment. This work opens up the prospect of integrating robotics across many quantum degrees of freedom in constrained settings, allowing for increased prototyping speed, control, and robustness in quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Smith
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory and Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Krishna C Balram
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK
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4
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Amrein P, Bruckmaier F, Jia F, Bucher DB, Zaitsev M, Littin S. Optimal bi-planar gradient coil configurations for diamond nitrogen-vacancy based diffusion-weighted NMR experiments. MAGMA 2023; 36:921-932. [PMID: 37578612 PMCID: PMC10667408 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffusion weighting in optically detected magnetic resonance experiments involving diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers can provide valuable microstructural information. Bi-planar gradient coils employed for diffusion weighting afford excellent spatial access, essential for integrating the NV-NMR components. Nevertheless, owing to the polar tilt of roughly [Formula: see text] of the diamond NV center, the primary magnetic field direction must be taken into account accordingly. METHODS To determine the most effective bi-planar gradient coil configurations, we conducted an investigation into the impact of various factors, including the square side length, surface separation, and surface orientation. This was accomplished by generating over 500 bi-planar surface configurations using automated methods. RESULTS We successfully generated and evaluated coil layouts in terms of sensitivity and field accuracy. Interestingly, inclined bi-planar orientations close to the NV-NMR setup's requirement, showed higher sensitivity for the transverse gradient channels than horizontal or vertical orientations. We fabricated a suitable solution as a three-channel bi-planar double-layered PCB system and experimentally validated the sensitivities at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the transverse [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gradients, and [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] gradient. DISCUSSION We found that the chosen relative bi-planar tilt of [Formula: see text] represents a reasonable compromise in terms of overall performance and allows for easier coil implementation with a straight, horizontal alignment within the overall experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Amrein
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Fleming Bruckmaier
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Feng Jia
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik B Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Littin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Elías-Llumbet A, Tian Y, Reyes-San-Martin C, Reina-Mahecha A, Damle V, Morita A, van der Veen HC, Sharma PK, Sandovici M, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring of Drug Efficacy in Synovial Fluid from Arthritis Patients. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8406-8410. [PMID: 37676737 PMCID: PMC10540259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-based T1 relaxometry is a new technique that allows nanoscale magnetic resonance measurements. Here we present its first application in patient samples. More specifically, we demonstrate that relaxometry can determine the free radical load in samples from arthritis patients. We found that we can clearly differentiate between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients in both the synovial fluid itself and cells derived from it. Furthermore, we tested how synovial fluid and its cells respond to piroxicam, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is known that this drug leads to a reduction in reactive oxygen species production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Here, we investigated the formation of free radicals specifically. While FLS from osteoarthritis patients showed a drastic decrease in the free radical load, cells from rheumatoid arthritis retained a similar radical load after treatment. This offers a possible explanation for why piroxicam is more beneficial for patients with osteoarthritis than those with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Elías-Llumbet
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Genomic of Germ Cells, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Chile, 1027 Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Reyes-San-Martin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Reina-Mahecha
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viraj Damle
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Morita
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo C. van der Veen
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Groningen,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prashant K. Sharma
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department
of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Wang G, Li C, Tang H, Li B, Madonini F, Alsallom FF, Calvin Sun WK, Peng P, Villa F, Li J, Cappellaro P. Manipulating solid-state spin concentration through charge transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305621120. [PMID: 37527342 PMCID: PMC10410760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305621120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state defects are attractive platforms for quantum sensing and simulation, e.g., in exploring many-body physics and quantum hydrodynamics. However, many interesting properties can be revealed only upon changes in the density of defects, which instead is usually fixed in material systems. Increasing the interaction strength by creating denser defect ensembles also brings more decoherence. Ideally one would like to control the spin concentration at will while keeping fixed decoherence effects. Here, we show that by exploiting charge transport, we can take some steps in this direction, while at the same time characterizing charge transport and its capture by defects. By exploiting the cycling process of ionization and recombination of NV centers in diamond, we pump electrons from the valence band to the conduction band. These charges are then transported to modulate the spin concentration by changing the charge state of material defects. By developing a wide-field imaging setup integrated with a fast single photon detector array, we achieve a direct and efficient characterization of the charge redistribution process by measuring the complete spectrum of the spin bath with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. We demonstrate a two-fold concentration increase of the dominant spin defects while keeping the T2 of the NV center relatively unchanged, which also provides a potential experimental demonstration of the suppression of spin flip-flops via hyperfine interactions. Our work paves the way to studying many-body dynamics with temporally and spatially tunable interaction strengths in hybrid charge-spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Changhao Li
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Boning Li
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Francesca Madonini
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Faisal F. Alsallom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Won Kyu Calvin Sun
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Pai Peng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Federica Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano20133, Italy
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Paola Cappellaro
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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7
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Liang L, Zheng P, Jia S, Ray K, Chen Y, Barman I. Plasmonic Nanodiamonds. Nano Lett 2023; 23:5746-5754. [PMID: 37289011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have emerged as promising solid-state quantum emitters for sensing applications, the tantalizing possibility of coupling them with photonic or broadband plasmonic nanostructures to create ultrasensitive biolabels has not been fully realized. Indeed, it remains technologically challenging to create free-standing hybrid diamond-based imaging nanoprobes with enhanced brightness and high temporal resolution. Herein, we leverage the bottom-up DNA self-assembly to develop hybrid free-standing plasmonic nanodiamonds, which feature a closed plasmonic nanocavity completely encapsulating a single nanodiamond. Correlated single nanoparticle spectroscopical characterizations suggest that the plasmonic nanodiamond displays dramatically and simultaneously enhanced brightness and emission rate. We believe that they hold huge potential to serve as a stable solid-state single-photon source and could serve as a versatile platform to study nontrivial quantum effects in biological systems with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sisi Jia
- Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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8
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San-Martin CR, Zhang Y, Hamoh T, Berendse L, Klijn C, Li R, Sigaeva A, Kawałko J, Li HT, Tehrani J, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Fluorescent nanodiamond labels: Size and concentration matters for sperm cell viability. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100629. [PMID: 37441134 PMCID: PMC10333662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are increasingly popular in biomedical applications, including optical labelling, drug delivery and nanoscale sensing. Potential new applications are in studying infertility or labelling sperm cells. However, for these applications, it is necessary that nanodiamonds are inert and do not alter sperm properties. In this article, we assessed the biocompatibility of nanodiamonds in detail. We investigated different sizes and concentrations of nanodiamonds and sperm preparation methods. We evaluated if the metabolic activity, membrane integrity, morphology and formation of reactive oxygen species were altered. These parameters were tested for sperm cells in their uncapacitated and capacitated states. Unfortunately, FNDs are not universally biocompatible. Generally, cells in the capacitated state are more prone to stress. Additionally, larger particles and lower concentrations are tolerated better than smaller and higher concentrated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reyes San-Martin
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Berendse
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carline Klijn
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Runrun Li
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jakub Kawałko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hui Ting Li
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jian Tehrani
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
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9
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Lozovoi A, Chen Y, Vizkelethy G, Bielejec E, Flick J, Doherty MW, Meriles CA. Detection and Modeling of Hole Capture by Single Point Defects under Variable Electric Fields. Nano Lett 2023; 23:4495-4501. [PMID: 37141536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding carrier trapping in solids has proven key to semiconductor technologies, but observations thus far have relied on ensembles of point defects, where the impact of neighboring traps or carrier screening is often important. Here, we investigate the capture of photogenerated holes by an individual negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond at room temperature. Using an externally gated potential to minimize space-charge effects, we find the capture probability under electric fields of variable sign and amplitude shows an asymmetric-bell-shaped response with maximum at zero voltage. To interpret these observations, we run semiclassical Monte Carlo simulations modeling carrier trapping through a cascade process of phonon emission and obtain electric-field-dependent capture probabilities in good agreement with experiment. Because the mechanisms at play are insensitive to the characteristics of the trap, we anticipate the capture cross sections we observe─largely exceeding those derived from ensemble measurements─may also be present in materials platforms other than diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Lozovoi
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - YunHeng Chen
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Vizkelethy
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Edward Bielejec
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Marcus W Doherty
- Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- Department. of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, United States
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10
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Sharmin R, Nusantara AC, Nie L, Wu K, Elias Llumbet A, Woudstra W, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Intracellular Quantum Sensing of Free-Radical Generation Induced by Acetaminophen (APAP) in the Cytosol, in Mitochondria and the Nucleus of Macrophages. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3326-3334. [PMID: 36354956 PMCID: PMC9706807 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdoses cause cell injury in the liver. It is widely accepted that liver toxicity is initiated by the reactive N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which first depletes glutathione and then irreversibly binds to mitochondrial proteins and nuclear DNA. As a consequence, mitochondrial respiration is inhibited, and DNA strands break. NAPQI also promotes the oxidative stress since glutathione is one of the main free-radical scavengers in the cell. However, so far it is unknown where exactly free radicals are generated. In this study, we used relaxometry, a novel technique that allows nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging detection of free radicals. The method is based on fluorescent nanodiamonds, which change their optical properties based on their magnetic surrounding. To achieve subcellular resolution, these nanodiamonds were targeted to cellular locations, that is, the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and the nucleus. Since relaxometry is sensitive to spin noise from radicals, we were able to measure the radical load in these different organelles. For the first time, we measured APAP-induced free-radical production in an organelle-specific manner, which helps predict and better understand cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokshana Sharmin
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Elias Llumbet
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Laboratory
of Genomic of Germ Cells, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Independencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Willem Woudstra
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,
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11
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Tan Y, Hu X, Hou Y, Chu Z. Emerging Diamond Quantum Sensing in Bio-Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:957. [PMID: 36295716 PMCID: PMC9609316 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bio-membranes exhibit complex but unique mechanical properties as communicative regulators in various physiological and pathological processes. Exposed to a dynamic micro-environment, bio-membranes can be seen as an intricate and delicate system. The systematical modeling and detection of their local physical properties are often difficult to achieve, both quantitatively and precisely. The recent emerging diamonds hosting quantum defects (i.e., nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center) demonstrate intriguing optical and spin properties, together with their outstanding photostability and biocompatibility, rendering them ideal candidates for biological applications. Notably, the extraordinary spin-based sensing enable the measurements of localized nanoscale physical quantities such as magnetic fields, electrical fields, temperature, and strain. These nanoscale signals can be optically read out precisely by simple optical microscopy systems. Given these exclusive properties, NV-center-based quantum sensors can be widely applied in exploring bio-membrane-related features and the communicative chemical reaction processes. This review mainly focuses on NV-based quantum sensing in bio-membrane fields. The attempts of applying NV-based quantum sensors in bio-membranes to investigate diverse physical and chemical events such as membrane elasticity, phase change, nanoscale bio-physical signals, and free radical formation are fully overviewed. We also discuss the challenges and future directions of this novel technology to be utilized in bio-membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayin Tan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinhao Hu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Reyes-San-Martin C, Hamoh T, Zhang Y, Berendse L, Klijn C, Li R, Llumbet AE, Sigaeva A, Kawałko J, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Nanoscale MRI for Selective Labeling and Localized Free Radical Measurements in the Acrosomes of Single Sperm Cells. ACS Nano 2022; 16:10701-10710. [PMID: 35771989 PMCID: PMC9331174 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals play a major role in sperm development, including maturation and fertilization, but they are also linked to infertility. Since they are short-lived and reactive, they are challenging to detect with state of the art methodologies. Thus, many details surrounding their role remain unknown. One unknown factor is the source of radicals that plays a role in the sperm maturation process. Two alternative sources have been postulated: First, the NADPH-oxidase system embedded in the plasma membrane (NOX5) and second, the NADH-dependent oxidoreductase of mitochondria. Due to a lack of localized measurements, the relative contribution of each source for capacitation remains unknown. To answer this question, we use a technique called diamond magnetometry, which allows nanoscale MRI to perform localized free radical detection. With this tool, we were able to quantify radical formation in the acrosome of sperm heads. This allowed us to quantify radical formation locally in real time during capacitation. We further investigated how different inhibitors or triggers alter the radical generation. We were able to identify NOX5 as the prominent source of radical generation in capacitation while the NADH-dependent oxidoreductase of mitochondria seems to play a smaller role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reyes-San-Martin
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Berendse
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carline Klijn
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Runrun Li
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo E. Llumbet
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Genomics of Germ Cells, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Independencia, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Kawałko
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Nie L, Nusantara AC, Damle VG, Baranov MV, Chipaux M, Reyes-San-Martin C, Hamoh T, Epperla CP, Guricova M, Cigler P, van den Bogaart G, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radicals in Primary Human Dendritic Cells. Nano Lett 2022; 22:1818-1825. [PMID: 34929080 PMCID: PMC8880378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are crucial indicators for stress and appear in all kinds of pathogenic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infection. However, they are difficult to detect due to their reactivity and low abundance. We use relaxometry for the detection of radicals with subcellular resolution. This method is based on a fluorescent defect in a diamond, which changes its optical properties on the basis of the magnetic surroundings. This technique allows nanoscale MRI with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution. Recently, this technique was used inside living cells from a cell line. Cell lines differ in terms of endocytic capability and radical production from primary cells derived from patients. Here we provide the first measurements of phagocytic radical production by the NADPH oxidase (NOX2) in primary dendritic cells from healthy donors. The radical production of these cells differs greatly between donors. We investigated the cell response to stimulation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Nie
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viraj G. Damle
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim V. Baranov
- University
of Groningen, Department of Molecular Immunology,
Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayeul Chipaux
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Reyes-San-Martin
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chandra Prakash Epperla
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Guricova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- University
of Groningen, Department of Molecular Immunology,
Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Email for R.S.:
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14
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Sharmin R, Hamoh T, Sigaeva A, Mzyk A, Damle VG, Morita A, Vedelaar T, Schirhagl R. Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Detecting Free-Radical Generation in Real Time during Shear Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4349-4359. [PMID: 34797983 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Free-radical generation is suspected to play a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Another crucial factor is shear stress. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS), which form the lining of blood vessels, require a physiological shear stress to activate many vasoactive factors. These are needed for maintaining vascular cell functions such as nonthrombogenicity, regulation of blood flow, and vascular tone. Additionally, blood clots form at regions of high shear stress within a blood vessel. Here, we use a new method called diamond magnetometry which allows us to measure the dynamics of free-radical generation in real time under shear stress. This quantum sensing technique allows free-radical detection with nanoscale resolution at the single-cell level. We investigate radical formation in HUVECs in a microfluidic environment under different flow conditions typically found in veins and arteries. Here, we looked into free-radical formation before, during, and after flow. We found that the free-radical production varied depending on the flow conditions. To confirm the magnetometry results and to differentiate between radicals, we performed conventional fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays specific for superoxide, nitric oxide, and overall ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokshana Sharmin
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Viraj G. Damle
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Morita
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta 1 Sekip Utara, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thea Vedelaar
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Kayci M, Fan J, Bakirman O, Herrmann A. Multiplexed sensing of biomolecules with optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2112664118. [PMID: 34903662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112664118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, a great effort has been devoted to develop new biosensor platforms for the detection of a wide range of analytes. Among the various approaches, magneto-DNA assay platforms have received extended interest for high sensitive and specific detection of targets with a simultaneous manipulation capacity. Here, using nitrogen-vacancy quantum centers in diamond as transducers for magnetic nanotags (MNTs), a hydrogel-based, multiplexed magneto-DNA assay is presented. Near-background-free sensing with diamond-based imaging combined with noninvasive control of chemically robust nanotags renders it a promising platform for applications in medical diagnostics, life science, and pharmaceutical drug research. To demonstrate its potential for practical applications, we employed the sensor platform in the sandwich DNA hybridization process and achieved a limit of detection in the attomolar range with single-base mismatch differentiation.
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16
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Lv X, Walton JH, Druga E, Wang F, Aguilar A, McKnelly T, Nazaryan R, Liu FL, Wu L, Shenderova O, Vigneron DB, Meriles CA, Reimer JA, Pines A, Ajoy A. Background-free dual-mode optical and 13C magnetic resonance imaging in diamond particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2023579118. [PMID: 34001612 PMCID: PMC8166172 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging-the ability to acquire images of an object through more than one imaging mode simultaneously-has opened additional perspectives in areas ranging from astronomy to medicine. In this paper, we report progress toward combining optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in such a "dual" imaging mode. They are attractive in combination because they offer complementary advantages of resolution and speed, especially in the context of imaging in scattering environments. Our approach relies on a specific material platform, microdiamond particles hosting nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect centers that fluoresce brightly under optical excitation and simultaneously "hyperpolarize" lattice [Formula: see text] nuclei, making them bright under MR imaging. We highlight advantages of dual-mode optical and MR imaging in allowing background-free particle imaging and describe regimes in which either mode can enhance the other. Leveraging the fact that the two imaging modes proceed in Fourier-reciprocal domains (real and k-space), we propose a sampling protocol that accelerates image reconstruction in sparse-imaging scenarios. Our work suggests interesting possibilities for the simultaneous optical and low-field MR imaging of targeted diamond nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Lv
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jeffrey H Walton
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Emanuel Druga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Tommy McKnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Raffi Nazaryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Fanglin Linda Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- Department of Physics, City University of New York-City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
- City University of New York Graduate Center, City University of New York-City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alexander Pines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
| | - Ashok Ajoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
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17
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Karadas M, Olsson C, Winther Hansen N, Perrier JF, Webb JL, Huck A, Andersen UL, Thielscher A. In-vitro Recordings of Neural Magnetic Activity From the Auditory Brainstem Using Color Centers in Diamond: A Simulation Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643614. [PMID: 34054404 PMCID: PMC8155532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetometry based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is a novel technique capable of measuring magnetic fields with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. With the further advancements of these sensors, they may open up novel approaches for the 2D imaging of neural signals in vitro. In the present study, we investigate the feasibility of NV-based imaging by numerically simulating the magnetic signal from the auditory pathway of a rodent brainstem slice (ventral cochlear nucleus, VCN, to the medial trapezoid body, MNTB) as stimulated by both electric and optic stimulation. The resulting signal from these two stimulation methods are evaluated and compared. A realistic pathway model was created based on published data of the neural morphologies and channel dynamics of the globular bushy cells in the VCN and their axonal projections to the principal cells in the MNTB. The pathway dynamics in response to optic and electric stimulation and the emitted magnetic fields were estimated using the cable equation. For simulating the optic stimulation, the light distribution in brain tissue was numerically estimated and used to model the optogenetic neural excitation based on a four state channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) model. The corresponding heating was also estimated, using the bio-heat equation and was found to be low (<2°C) even at excessively strong optic signals. A peak magnetic field strength of ∼0.5 and ∼0.1 nT was calculated from the auditory brainstem pathway after electrical and optical stimulation, respectively. By increasing the stimulating light intensity four-fold (far exceeding commonly used intensities) the peak magnetic signal strength only increased to 0.2 nT. Thus, while optogenetic stimulation would be favorable to avoid artefacts in the recordings, electric stimulation achieves higher peak fields. The present simulation study predicts that high-resolution magnetic imaging of the action potentials traveling along the auditory brainstem pathway will only be possible for next generation NV sensors. However, the existing sensors already have sufficient sensitivity to support the magnetic sensing of cumulated neural signals sampled from larger parts of the pathway, which might be a promising intermediate step toward further maturing this novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürsel Karadas
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Olsson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Winther Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-François Perrier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Luke Webb
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Huck
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lund Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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18
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Zhang M, Li BY, Liu J. Monitoring Dark-State Dynamics of a Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Nanodiamond by Auto-Correlation Spectroscopy: Photonionization and Recharging. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:979. [PMID: 33920225 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, the photon-induced charge conversion dynamics of a single Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in nanodiamond between two charge states, negative (NV−) and neutral (NV0), is studied by the auto-correlation function. It is observed that the ionization of NV− converts to NV0, which is regarded as the dark state of the NV−, leading to fluorescence intermittency in single NV centers. A new method, based on the auto-correlation calculation of the time-course fluorescence intensity from NV centers, was developed to quantify the transition kinetics and yielded the calculation of transition rates from NV− to NV0 (ionization) and from NV0 to NV− (recharging). Based on our experimental investigation, we found that the NV−-NV0 transition is wavelength-dependent, and more frequent transitions were observed when short-wavelength illumination was used. From the analysis of the auto-correlation curve, it is found that the transition time of NV− to NV0 (ionization) is around 0.1 μs, but the transition time of NV0 to NV− (recharging) is around 20 ms. Power-dependent measurements reveal that the ionization rate increases linearly with the laser power, while the recharging rate has a quadratic increase with the laser power. This difference suggests that the ionization in the NV center is a one-photon process, while the recharging of NV0 to NV− is a two-photon process. This work, which offers theoretical and experimental explanations of the emission property of a single NV center, is expected to help the utilization of the NV center for quantum information science, quantum communication, and quantum bioimaging.
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19
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Meirzada I, Sukenik N, Haim G, Yochelis S, Baczewski LT, Paltiel Y, Bar-Gill N. Long-Time-Scale Magnetization Ordering Induced by an Adsorbed Chiral Monolayer on Ferromagnets. ACS Nano 2021; 15:5574-5579. [PMID: 33591720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
When an electron passes through a chiral molecule, there is a high probability for correlation between the momentum and spin of the charge, thus leading to a spin polarized current. This phenomenon is known as the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. One of the most surprising experimental results recently demonstrated is that magnetization reversal in a ferromagnet with perpendicular anisotropy can be realized solely by chemisorbing a chiral molecular monolayer without applying any current or external magnetic field. This result raises the currently open question of whether this effect is due to the bonding event, held by the ferromagnet, or a long-time-scale effect stabilized by exchange interactions. In this work we have performed vectorial magnetic field measurements of the magnetization reorientation of a ferromagnetic layer exhibiting perpendicular anisotropy due to CISS using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and followed the time dynamics of this effect. In parallel, we have measured the molecular monolayer tilt angle in order to find a correlation between the time dependence of the magnetization reorientation and the change of the tilt angle of the molecular monolayer. We have identified that changes in the magnetization direction correspond to changes of the molecular monolayer tilt angle, providing evidence for a long-time-scale characteristic of the induced magnetization reorientation. This suggests that the CISS effect has an effect over long time scales which we attribute to exchange interactions. These results offer significant insights into the fundamental processes underlying the CISS effect, contributing to the implementation of CISS in state-of-the-art applications such as spintronic and magnetic memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Meirzada
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - N Sukenik
- Department of Applied Physics, Rachel and Selim School of Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - G Haim
- Department of Applied Physics, Rachel and Selim School of Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - S Yochelis
- Department of Applied Physics, Rachel and Selim School of Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - L T Baczewski
- Magnetic Heterostructures Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Y Paltiel
- Department of Applied Physics, Rachel and Selim School of Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - N Bar-Gill
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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20
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Xie Y, Yu H, Zhu Y, Qin X, Rong X, Duan CK, Du J. A hybrid magnetometer towards femtotesla sensitivity under ambient conditions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:127-132. [PMID: 36654219 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Detecting magnetic field is of great importance for many applications, such as magnetoencephalography and underground prospecting. There have been many magnetometers being widely used since the age of Hall magnetometer. One of the magnetometers, the superconducting quantum interference device, is capable of measuring femtotesla magnetic fields at cryogenic temperature. However, a solid-state magnetometer with femtotesla sensitivity under ambient conditions remains elusive. Here we present a hybrid magnetometer based on the ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond with the sensitivity of (195±60)fT/Hz1/2 under ambient conditions, which can be further advanced to 11fT/Hz1/2 at 100 Hz with cutting-edge fabrication technologies. Our method will find potential applications in biomagnetism and geomagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huiyao Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yunbin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xi Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xing Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Chang-Kui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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21
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Chen B, Hou X, Ge F, Zhang X, Ji Y, Li H, Qian P, Wang Y, Xu N, Du J. Calibration-Free Vector Magnetometry Using Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond Integrated with Optical Vortex Beam. Nano Lett 2020; 20:8267-8272. [PMID: 33135901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method to determine the orientation of individual nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a bulk diamond and use them to realize a calibration-free vector magnetometer with nanoscale resolution. Optical vortex beam is used for optical excitation and scanning the NV center in a [111]-oriented diamond. The scanning fluorescence patterns of NV center with different orientations are completely different. Thus, the orientation information on each NV center in the lattice can be known directly without any calibration process. Further, we use three differently oriented NV centers to form a magnetometer and reconstruct the complete vector information on the magnetic field based on the optically detected magnetic resonance(ODMR) technique. Compared with previous schemes to realize vector magnetometry using an NV center, our method is much more efficient and is easily applied in other NV-based quantum sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Xianfei Hou
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Yunlan Ji
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Hongju Li
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Peng Qian
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nanyang Xu
- School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics,Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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22
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Hetzl M, Wierzbowski J, Hoffmann T, Kraut M, Zuerbig V, Nebel CE, Müller K, Finley JJ, Stutzmann M. GaN Nanowire Arrays for Efficient Optical Read-Out and Optoelectronic Control of NV Centers in Diamond. Nano Lett 2018; 18:3651-3660. [PMID: 29792713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters embedded in a semiconductor crystal environment are potentially scalable platforms for quantum optical networks operated at room temperature. Prominent representatives are nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond showing coherent entanglement and interference with each other. However, these emitters suffer from inefficient optical outcoupling from the diamond and from fluctuations of their charge state. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of regular n-type gallium nitride nanowire arrays on diamond as photonic waveguides to tailor the emission direction of surface-near NV centers and to electrically control their charge state in a p-i-n nanodiode. We show that the electrical excitation of single NV centers in such a diode can efficiently replace optical pumping. By the engineering of the array parameters, we find an optical read-out efficiency enhanced by a factor of 10 and predict a lateral NV-NV coupling 3 orders of magnitude stronger through evanescently coupled nanowire antennas compared to planar diamond not covered by nanowires, which opens up new possibilities for large-scale on-chip quantum-computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hetzl
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jakob Wierzbowski
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Theresa Hoffmann
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Max Kraut
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Verena Zuerbig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF , 79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Christoph E Nebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF , 79108 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany
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23
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Chipaux M, van der Laan KJ, Hemelaar SR, Hasani M, Zheng T, Schirhagl R. Nanodiamonds and Their Applications in Cells. Small 2018; 14:e1704263. [PMID: 29573338 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diamonds owe their fame to a unique set of outstanding properties. They combine a high refractive index, hardness, great stability and inertness, and low electrical but high thermal conductivity. Diamond defects have recently attracted a lot of attention. Given this unique list of properties, it is not surprising that diamond nanoparticles are utilized for numerous applications. Due to their hardness, they are routinely used as abrasives. Their small and uniform size qualifies them as attractive carriers for drug delivery. The stable fluorescence of diamond defects allows their use as stable single photon sources or biolabels. The magnetic properties of the defects make them stable spin qubits in quantum information. This property also allows their use as a sensor for temperature, magnetic fields, electric fields, or strain. This Review focuses on applications in cells. Different diamond materials and the special requirements for the respective applications are discussed. Methods to chemically modify the surface of diamonds and the different hurdles one has to overcome when working with cells, such as entering the cells and biocompatibility, are described. Finally, the recent developments and applications in labeling, sensing, drug delivery, theranostics, antibiotics, and tissue engineering are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Chipaux
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiran J van der Laan
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon R Hemelaar
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masoumeh Hasani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital & Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, 518036, Shenzhen, China
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Jaffe T, Sorias O, Gal L, Kalish R, Orenstein M. Doubly Resonant Nanoantennas on Diamond for Spatial Addressing of Spin States. Nano Lett 2017; 17:4217-4222. [PMID: 28657323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond is an important atom-like system for emergent quantum technologies and sensing at room temperature. The light emission rates and collection efficiency are key issues toward realizing NV-based quantum devices. In that aspect, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a selective and spatially localized method for enhancing the light-matter interaction of shallow NV centers in bulk diamonds. This was achieved by polarized doubly resonant plasmonic antennas, tuned to the NV phonon sideband transition peak in the red and the narrowband near infrared (NIR) singlet transition. We obtained a photoluminescence (PL) enhancement factor of about 10 from NV centers within the hot spot of the antenna area (excluding the extraction efficiency enhancement) and similar emission lifetime reduction. The functionality of the double resonance antenna is controlled by the impinging light polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzach Jaffe
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofir Sorias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Gal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rafi Kalish
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Meir Orenstein
- Department of Electrical Engineering and ‡Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , 32000 Haifa, Israel
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25
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Ajoy A, Liu YX, Saha K, Marseglia L, Jaskula JC, Bissbort U, Cappellaro P. Quantum interpolation for high-resolution sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2149-53. [PMID: 28196889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610835114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in engineering and control of nanoscale quantum sensors have opened new paradigms in precision metrology. Unfortunately, hardware restrictions often limit the sensor performance. In nanoscale magnetic resonance probes, for instance, finite sampling times greatly limit the achievable sensitivity and spectral resolution. Here we introduce a technique for coherent quantum interpolation that can overcome these problems. Using a quantum sensor associated with the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, we experimentally demonstrate that quantum interpolation can achieve spectroscopy of classical magnetic fields and individual quantum spins with orders of magnitude finer frequency resolution than conventionally possible. Not only is quantum interpolation an enabling technique to extract structural and chemical information from single biomolecules, but it can be directly applied to other quantum systems for superresolution quantum spectroscopy.
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26
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Portalupi SL, Hornecker G, Giesz V, Grange T, Lemaître A, Demory J, Sagnes I, Lanzillotti-Kimura ND, Lanco L, Auffèves A, Senellart P. Bright Phonon-Tuned Single-Photon Source. Nano Lett 2015; 15:6290-6294. [PMID: 26325603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bright single photon sources have recently been obtained by inserting solid-state emitters in microcavities. Accelerating the spontaneous emission via the Purcell effect allows both high brightness and increased operation frequency. However, achieving Purcell enhancement is technologically demanding because the emitter resonance must match the cavity resonance. Here, we show that this spectral matching requirement is strongly lifted by the phononic environment of the emitter. We study a single InGaAs quantum dot coupled to a micropillar cavity. The phonon assisted emission, which hardly represents a few percent of the dot emission at a given frequency in the absence of cavity, can become the main emission channel by use of the Purcell effect. A phonon-tuned single photon source with a brightness greater than 50% is demonstrated over a detuning range covering 10 cavity line widths (0.8 nm). The same concepts applied to defects in diamonds pave the way toward ultrabright single photon sources operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Luca Portalupi
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Gaston Hornecker
- CEA/CNRS/UJF joint team "Nanophysics and Semiconductors", Institut Néel-CNRS, BP 166, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Valérian Giesz
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Thomas Grange
- CEA/CNRS/UJF joint team "Nanophysics and Semiconductors", Institut Néel-CNRS, BP 166, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Justin Demory
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Isabelle Sagnes
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | | | - Loïc Lanco
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Département de Physique, Université Paris Diderot , 4 rue Elsa Morante, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- CEA/CNRS/UJF joint team "Nanophysics and Semiconductors", Institut Néel-CNRS, BP 166, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pascale Senellart
- CNRS-LPN Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay , 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Département de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique , F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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