1
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Meineke C, Schlosser J, Zizlsperger M, Liebich M, Nilforoushan N, Mosina K, Terres S, Chernikov A, Sofer Z, Huber MA, Florian M, Kira M, Dirnberger F, Huber R. Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Magnet CrSBr. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4101-4107. [PMID: 38507732 PMCID: PMC11010225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Among atomically thin semiconductors, CrSBr stands out as both its bulk and monolayer forms host tightly bound, quasi-one-dimensional excitons in a magnetic environment. Despite its pivotal importance for solid-state research, the exciton lifetime has remained unknown. While terahertz polarization probing can directly trace all excitons, independently of interband selection rules, the corresponding large far-field foci substantially exceed the lateral sample dimensions. Here, we combine terahertz polarization spectroscopy with near-field microscopy to reveal a femtosecond decay of paramagnetic excitons in a monolayer of CrSBr, which is 30 times shorter than the bulk lifetime. We unveil low-energy fingerprints of bound and unbound electron-hole pairs in bulk CrSBr and extract the nonequilibrium dielectric function of the monolayer in a model-free manner. Our results demonstrate the first direct access to the ultrafast dielectric response of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in CrSBr, potentially advancing the development of quantum devices based on ultrathin van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meineke
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schlosser
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zizlsperger
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Liebich
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niloufar Nilforoushan
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sophia Terres
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markus A. Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mackillo Kira
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Olszówka J, Kubat P, Dedecek J, Tabor E. Organization of Cooperating Aluminum Pairs in Ferrierite Evidenced by Luminescence Quenching. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:7344-7351. [PMID: 37113455 PMCID: PMC10123814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We show that four cooperating Al atoms located at the two neighboring six-membered (6-MR) rings in the ferrierite framework can be readily discerned by luminescence studies. Thus, luminescent Zn(II) cations accommodated by one aluminum pair of the 6-MR ring can be effectively quenched by neighboring Co(II) ions stabilized by the second ring. Quenching occurs via the energy transfer mechanism and allows estimation of the critical radius of Zn(II)-Co(II) interactions. This points to the appropriate geometry and distance of the transition metal ions accommodated within zeolite, providing direct evidence of the four-aluminum atom arrangement in the ferrierite framework.
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3
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Hospodková A, Hájek F, Hubáček T, Gedeonová Z, Hubík P, Hývl M, Pangrác J, Dominec F, Košutová T. Electron Transport Properties in High Electron Mobility Transistor Structures Improved by V-Pit Formation on the AlGaN/GaN Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19646-19652. [PMID: 37022802 PMCID: PMC10119847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This work suggests new morphology for the AlGaN/GaN interface which enhances electron mobility in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures. The widely used technology for the preparation of GaN channels in AlGaN/GaN HEMT transistors is growth at a high temperature of around 1000 °C in an H2 atmosphere. The main reason for these conditions is the aim to prepare an atomically flat epitaxial surface for the AlGaN/GaN interface and to achieve a layer with the lowest possible carbon concentration. In this work, we show that a smooth AlGaN/GaN interface is not necessary for high electron mobility in 2DEG. Surprisingly, when the high-temperature GaN channel layer is replaced by the layer grown at a temperature of 870 °C in an N2 atmosphere using TEGa as a precursor, the electron Hall mobility increases significantly. This unexpected behavior can be explained by a spatial separation of electrons by V-pits from the regions surrounding dislocation which contain increased concentration of point defects and impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hospodková
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - František Hájek
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hubáček
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gedeonová
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hubík
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Hývl
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pangrác
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dominec
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Košutová
- Institute
of Physics CAS, v. v. i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech
Republic
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4
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Zajíc F, Klejch M, Eliáš A, Klicpera M, Beitlerová A, Nikl M, Pospíšil J. Nd:YAG Single Crystals Grown by the Floating Zone Method in a Laser Furnace. Cryst Growth Des 2023; 23:2609-2618. [PMID: 37038398 PMCID: PMC10080654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on single crystal growth of laser material Nd:YAG widely used in the applications by the innovative crucible-free floating zone method implemented in an advanced laser optical furnace. We have optimized the parameters for the production of high-quality single crystals of the size typical for laser rods. To reduce the strain and improve machinability, we have developed an afterheater to thermalize the grown part of a single crystal below the hot zone, which is a technique unavailable in common mirror furnaces. The high quality of the single crystals was verified by Laue diffraction, and the internal strain was documented by neutron diffraction. The absorption spectrum corresponds with the parameters of the commercially used material produced by the Czochralski method. The presented methodology for the single crystal growth by the floating zone method with laser heating is applicable for the preparation of other high-quality single crystals of oxide-based materials, particularly in an oxidizing environment unattainable in commonly used crucible methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Zajíc
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16 Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Klejch
- CRYTUR, Na Lukách 2283, 511 01 Turnov, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Eliáš
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16 Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Milan Klicpera
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16 Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Alena Beitlerová
- Institute
of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, 162 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Nikl
- Institute
of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, 162 53 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16 Prague 2, Czech
Republic
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5
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Šípka M, Erlebach A, Grajciar L. Constructing Collective Variables Using Invariant Learned Representations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:887-901. [PMID: 36696574 PMCID: PMC9940718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
On the time scales accessible to atomistic numerical modeling, chemical reactions are considered rare events. Therefore, the atomistic simulations are commonly biased along a low-dimensional representation of a chemical reaction in an atomic structure space, i.e., along the collective variables. However, suitable collective variables are often complicated to guess a priori. We propose a novel method of collective variable discovery based on dimensionality reduction of the atomic representation vectors. These linear-scaling and invariant representations can be either fixed (untrained) or learned by supervised training of the end-to-end machine learning potential. The learned representations are expected to reflect not only the structural but also the energetic features of the system that are transferable to all of the reactive transformation covered by the machine learning potential. We demonstrate our approach on four high-barrier reactions ranging from a simple gas-phase hydrogen jump reaction to complex reactions in periodic models of industrially relevant heterogeneous catalysts. High data efficiency, automatized feature extraction, favorable scaling, and retention of inherent invariances are all properties that are expected to enable fast and largely automatic construction of suitable collective variables even in highly complex reactive scenarios such as reactive/catalytic transformations at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šípka
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Mathematical
Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Sokolovská 83, 186 75 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Erlebach
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Grajciar
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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6
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Varade V, Haider G, Slobodeniuk A, Korytar R, Novotny T, Holy V, Miksatko J, Plsek J, Sykora J, Basova M, Zacek M, Hof M, Kalbac M, Vejpravova J. Chiral Light Emission from a Hybrid Magnetic Molecule-Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructure. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2170-2181. [PMID: 36652711 PMCID: PMC10017025 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid layered materials assembled from atomically thin crystals and small molecules bring great promises in pushing the current information and quantum technologies beyond the frontiers. We demonstrate here a class of layered valley-spin hybrid (VSH) materials composed of a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor and double-decker single molecule magnets (SMMs). We have materialized a VSH prototype by thermal evaporation of terbium bis-phthalocyanine onto a MoS2 monolayer and revealed its composition and stability by both microscopic and spectroscopic probes. The interaction of the VSH components gives rise to the intersystem crossing of the photogenerated carriers and moderate p-doping of the MoS2 monolayer, as corroborated by the density functional theory calculations. We further explored the valley contrast by helicity-resolved photoluminescence (PL) microspectroscopy carried out down to liquid helium temperatures and in the presence of the external magnetic field. The most striking feature of the VSH is the enhanced A exciton-related valley emission observed at the out-of-resonance condition at room temperature, which we elucidated by the proposed nonradiative energy drain transfer mechanism. Our study thus demonstrates the experimental feasibility and great promises of the ultrathin VSH materials with chiral light emission, operable by physical fields for emerging opto-spintronic, valleytronic, and quantum information concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Varade
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Golam Haider
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182
23Prague 8, Czech
Republic
| | - Artur Slobodeniuk
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Richard Korytar
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Tomas Novotny
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Vaclav Holy
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Jiri Miksatko
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182
23Prague 8, Czech
Republic
| | - Jan Plsek
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182
23Prague 8, Czech
Republic
| | - Jan Sykora
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182
23Prague 8, Czech
Republic
| | - Miriam Basova
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Zacek
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182
23Prague 8, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Kalbac
- J.
Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182
23Prague 8, Czech
Republic
| | - Jana Vejpravova
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121
16Prague 2, Czech
Republic
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7
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Pullmannová P, Čuříková-Kindlová BA, Ondrejčeková V, Kováčik A, Dvořáková K, Dulanská L, Georgii R, Majcher A, Maixner J, Kučerka N, Zbytovská J, Vávrová K. Polymorphism, Nanostructures, and Barrier Properties of Ceramide-Based Lipid Films. ACS Omega 2023; 8:422-435. [PMID: 36643519 PMCID: PMC9835644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides belong to sphingolipids, an important group of cellular and extracellular lipids. Their physiological functions range from cell signaling to participation in the formation of barriers against water evaporation. In the skin, they are essential for the permeability barrier, together with free fatty acids and cholesterol. We examined the periodical structure and permeability of lipid films composed of ceramides (Cer; namely, N-lignoceroyl 6-hydroxysphingosine, CerNH24, and N-lignoceroyl sphingosine, CerNS24), lignoceric acid (LIG; 24:0), and cholesterol (Chol). X-ray diffraction experiments showed that the CerNH24-based samples form either a short lamellar phase (SLP, d ∼ 5.4 nm) or a medium lamellar phase (MLP, d = 10.63-10.78 nm) depending on the annealing conditions. The proposed molecular arrangement of the MLP based on extended Cer molecules also agreed with the relative neutron scattering length density profiles obtained from the neutron diffraction data. The presence of MLP increased the lipid film permeability to the lipophilic model permeant (indomethacin) relative to the CerNS24-based control samples and the samples that had the same lipid composition but formed an SLP. Thus, the arrangement of lipids in various nanostructures is responsive to external conditions during sample preparation. This polymorphic behavior directly affects the barrier properties, which could also be (patho)physiologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pullmannová
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora A. Čuříková-Kindlová
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Ondrejčeková
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Kováčik
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dvořáková
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Dulanská
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Georgii
- Heinz
Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Adam Majcher
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Maixner
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Kučerka
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32Bratislava, Slovakia
- Frank
Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute
for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980Dubna, Russia
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin
Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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8
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Nie L, Nusantara AC, Damle VG, Baranov MV, Chipaux M, Reyes-San-Martin C, Hamoh T, Epperla CP, Guricova M, Cigler P, van den Bogaart G, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radicals in Primary Human Dendritic Cells. Nano Lett 2022; 22:1818-1825. [PMID: 34929080 PMCID: PMC8880378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are crucial indicators for stress and appear in all kinds of pathogenic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infection. However, they are difficult to detect due to their reactivity and low abundance. We use relaxometry for the detection of radicals with subcellular resolution. This method is based on a fluorescent defect in a diamond, which changes its optical properties on the basis of the magnetic surroundings. This technique allows nanoscale MRI with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution. Recently, this technique was used inside living cells from a cell line. Cell lines differ in terms of endocytic capability and radical production from primary cells derived from patients. Here we provide the first measurements of phagocytic radical production by the NADPH oxidase (NOX2) in primary dendritic cells from healthy donors. The radical production of these cells differs greatly between donors. We investigated the cell response to stimulation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Nie
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viraj G. Damle
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim V. Baranov
- University
of Groningen, Department of Molecular Immunology,
Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayeul Chipaux
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Reyes-San-Martin
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chandra Prakash Epperla
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Guricova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- University
of Groningen, Department of Molecular Immunology,
Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University
of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Email for R.S.:
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