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Luo L, Jiang X, Du Y, Dzakpasu M, Yang C, Guo W, Ngo HH, Wang XC. Impact of organic matter molecular weight on hexavalent chromium enrichment in green microalgae. J Hazard Mater 2024; 470:134304. [PMID: 38615650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In lightly polluted water containing heavy metals, organic matter, and green microalgae, the molecular weight of organic matter may influence both the growth of green microalgae and the concentration of heavy metals. This study elucidates the effects and mechanisms by which different molecular weight fractions of fulvic acid (FA), a model dissolved organic matter component, facilitate the bioaccumulation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in a typical green alga, Chlorella vulgaris. Findings show that the addition of FA fractions with molecular weights greater than 10 kDa significantly enhances the enrichment of total chromium and Cr(VI) in algal cells, reaching 21.58%-31.09 % and 16.17 %-22.63 %, respectively. Conversely, the efficiency of chromium enrichment in algal cells was found to decrease with decreasing molecular weight of FA. FA molecular weight within the range of 0.22 µm-30 kDa facilitated chromium enrichment primarily through the algal organic matter (AOM) pathway, with minor contributions from the algal cell proliferation and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) pathways. However, with decreasing FA molecular weight, the AOM and EPS pathways become less prominent, whereas the algal cell proliferation pathway becomes dominant. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of chromium enrichment in green algae enhanced by medium molecular weight FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Xu Jiang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Yellow River Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Henan Province, No.6, Changchun Road, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, China
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Li Z, Zheng Y, Ma H, Cui F. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) inhibits green algae growth by regulating antioxidant and photosynthetic systems. Harmful Algae 2024; 134:102623. [PMID: 38705613 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins release from bloom-forming cyanobacteria is considered a way to gain competitive advantage in Microcystis populations, which threaten water resources security and aquatic ecological balance. However, the effects of microcystins on microalgae are still largely unclear. Through simulated culture experiments and the use of UHPLC-MS-based metabolomics, the effects of two microcystin-LR (MC-LR) concentrations (400 and 1,600 μg/L) on the growth and antioxidant properties of three algae species, the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa, a non-toxic Microcystis sp., and Chlorella vulgaris, were studied. The MC-LR caused damage to the photosynthetic system and activated the protective mechanism of the photosynthetic system by decreasing the chlorophyll-a and carotenoid concentrations. Microcystins triggered oxidative stress in C. vulgaris, which was the most sensitive algae species studied, and secreted more glycolipids into the extracellular compartment, thereby destroying its cell structure. However, C. vulgaris eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by secreting terpenoids, thereby resisting oxidative stress. In addition, two metabolic pathways, the vitamin B6 and the sphingolipid pathways, of C. vulgaris were significantly disturbed by microcystins, contributing to cell membrane and mitochondrial damage. Thus, both the low (400 μg/L) and the high (1,600 μg/L) MC-LR concentration inhibited algae growth within 3 to 7 days, and the inhibition rates increased with the increase in the MC-LR concentration. The above results indicate that the toxin-producing Microcystis species have a stronger toxin tolerance under longer-term toxin exposure in natural water environments. Thus, microcystins participates in interspecific interaction and phytoplankton population regulation and creates suitable conditions for the toxin-producing M. aeruginosa to become the dominant species in algae blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; CSCEC SCIMEE Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Hua Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Khoshnamvand M, Hamidian AH, Ashtiani S, Ali J, Pei DS. Combined toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and lead on Chlorella vulgaris growth, membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, and morphological alterations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:28620-28631. [PMID: 38561535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the utilization of amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2). This surge in usage can be attributed to their exceptional characteristics, including a substantial specific surface area, high energy, and strong reactivity. These properties make them highly suitable for a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Nevertheless, there is a growing apprehension regarding their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms, particularly when considering the potential impact of heavy metals like lead (Pb) on the toxicity of PS-NH2. Herein, we examined the toxic effects of sole PS-NH2 (90 nm) at five concentrations (e.g., 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/L), as well as the simultaneous exposure of PS-NH2 and Pb2+ (using two environmental concentrations, e.g., 20 μg/L for Pb low (PbL) and 80 μg/L for Pb higher (PbH)) to the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. After a 96-h exposure, significant differences in chlorophyll a content and algal growth (biomass) were observed between the control group and other treatments (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The algae exposed to PS-NH2, PS-NH2 + PbL, and PS-NH2 + PbH treatment groups exhibited dose-dependent toxicity responses to chlorophyll a content and biomass. According to the Abbott toxicity model, the combined toxicity of treatment groups of PS-NH2 and PbL,H showed synergistic effects. The largest morphological changes such as C. vulgaris' size reduction and cellular aggregation were evident in the medium treated with elevated concentrations of both PS-NH2 and Pb2+. The toxicity of the treatment groups followed the sequence PS-NH2 < PS-NH2 + PbL < PS-NH2 + PbH. These results contribute novel insights into co-exposure toxicity to PS-NH2 and Pb2+ in algae communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khoshnamvand
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ashtiani
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6, Prague, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Jafar Ali
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Gao L, Su Y, Mehmood T, Bao R, Peng L. Microplastics leachate may play a more important role than microplastics in inhibiting microalga Chlorella vulgaris growth at cellular and molecular levels. Environ Pollut 2023; 328:121643. [PMID: 37062404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of microplastics (MPs) additives and their negative effects on aquatic organisms remain to be systematically elucidated. In this study, the toxicological effects of MPs leachate (micro-sized polyethylene (mPE) and micro-sized polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) acceleratedly leached by UVA for 15, 90, and 180 days in seawater) on microalga Chlorella vulgaris in terms of cell growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and transcriptomes were investigated. The leachate components of MPs aged for 90 days were further identified to elucidate the corresponding toxicity mechanisms of MPs on microalgal cells. The results revealed that both leachates of mPE and mPVC inhibited cell growth and increased oxidative stress in C. vulgaris, accompanied by a growth inhibition rate to microalgal cells of 4.0%-36.2% and 7.1%-48.2%, respectively. At the same mass concentration, the toxicological effects on C. vulgaris followed the order of mPVC leachate > mPE > mPE leachate > mPVC, whereas MPs leaching time indicated no change in MPs leaching toxicity. Furthermore, the gene functions of "translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis" were mostly affected by MPs leachate. Compared to mPE leachate and pure MPs, the stronger inhibitory effects of mPVC leachate on microalgal cells may be attributed to the fact that more substances were leached from the polymer of mPVC, including Zn, farnesol isomer a, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, and acetyl castor oil methyl ester. In summary, this study provides a better understanding of the ecotoxicological influences of MPs and MPs leachate, and offers a warning on the ecological risk caused by plastic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China
| | - Licheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, China.
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Plyusnina TY, Khruschev SS, Fursova PV, Solovchenko AE, Antal TK, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Simulating the Interplay between the Uptake of Inorganic Phosphate and the Cell Phosphate Metabolism under Phosphorus Feast and Famine Conditions in Chlorella vulgaris. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123571. [PMID: 34944079 PMCID: PMC8700456 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a mathematical simulation approach, we studied the dynamics of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris phosphate metabolism response to shortage and subsequent replenishing of inorganic phosphate in the medium. A three-pool interaction model was used to describe the phosphate uptake from the medium, its incorporation into the cell organic compounds, its storage in the form of polyphosphates, and culture growth. The model comprises a system of ordinary differential equations. The distribution of phosphorous between cell pools was examined for three different stages of the experiment: growth in phosphate-rich medium, incubation in phosphate-free medium, and phosphate addition to the phosphorus-starving culture. Mathematical modeling offers two possible scenarios for the appearance of the peak of polyphosphates (PolyP). The first scenario explains the accumulation of PolyP by activation of the processes of its synthesis, and the decline in PolyP is due to its redistribution between dividing cells during growth. The second scenario includes a hysteretic mechanism for the regulation of PolyP hydrolysis, depending on the intracellular content of inorganic phosphate. The new model of the dynamics of P pools in the cell allows one to better understand the phenomena taking place during P starvation and re-feeding of the P-starved microalgal cultures with inorganic phosphate such as transient PolyP accumulation. Biotechnological implications of the observed dynamics of the polyphosphate pool of the microalgal cell are considered. An approach enhancing the microalgae-based wastewater treatment method based on these scenarios is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu. Plyusnina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.K.); (P.V.F.); (A.E.S.); (G.Y.R.); (A.B.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergei S. Khruschev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.K.); (P.V.F.); (A.E.S.); (G.Y.R.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Polina V. Fursova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.K.); (P.V.F.); (A.E.S.); (G.Y.R.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Alexei E. Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.K.); (P.V.F.); (A.E.S.); (G.Y.R.); (A.B.R.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Internatsionalnaya Str. 33, 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Taras K. Antal
- Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Research, Pskov State University, Lenin Sq. 2, 180000 Pskov, Russia;
| | - Galina Yu. Riznichenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.K.); (P.V.F.); (A.E.S.); (G.Y.R.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Andrei B. Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.K.); (P.V.F.); (A.E.S.); (G.Y.R.); (A.B.R.)
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Wang Z, Fu D, Gao L, Qi H, Su Y, Peng L. Aged microplastics decrease the bioavailability of coexisting heavy metals to microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 217:112199. [PMID: 33864982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental aging of ubiquitous microplastics (MP) occurs through the action of biotic and abiotic factors, and aged MP exhibit different physicochemical properties and environmental behavior from virgin MP. This study aimed to investigate the aged micro-sized polystyrene (mPS) and polyvinyl chloride (mPVC), and the heavy metals copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd), and examine the effects of their combined toxicities on microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Results showed that the presence of MP inhibited cell growth as compared with the control, the inhibition rate (I) decreased as concentrations of MP rose and aged MP exhibited stronger inhibition of cells than did virgin MP. The largest I was achieved in each culture with the MP concentration of 0.01 g/L, in which aged mPS with the maximal of 36.84% (Iaged mPS) followed by aged mPVC (Iaged mPVC = 30.03%), virgin mPS (Ivirgin mPS = 29.10%) and virgin mPVC (Ivirgin mPVC = 16.72%). Addition of the heavy metals Cu2+ and Cd2+ significantly inhibited cell growth, and toxicity increased with concentrations in a range of 0.5-2.0 mg/L; the maximum I values were 19.50% (ICu) and 85.14% (ICd), respectively. The combined toxicity of aged MP + Cu or aged MP + Cd was less than that of individual heavy metals. In particular, as compared with the maximal ICd of 85.14% achieved by single Cd2+, the toxicity of Cd2+ was greatly reduced when combined with aged mPS and mPVC, with the I value decreased to 27.55% (Iaged mPS) and 32.51% (Iaged mPVC), respectively. Both single and combined treatments caused cell damage to the microalga, accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Liu Gao
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Huaiyuan Qi
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China
| | - Licheng Peng
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, PR China.
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Chia MA, Ameh I, Agee JT, Otogo RA, Shaba AF, Bashir H, Umar F, Yisa AG, Uyovbisere EE, Sha'aba RI. Effects of the antimalarial lumefantrine on Lemna minor, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 85:103635. [PMID: 33716093 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lumefantrine is used to treat uncomplicated malaria caused by pure or mixed Plasmodium falciparum infections and as a prophylactic against recrudescence following artemether therapy. However, the pharmaceutical is released into the aquatic environment from industrial effluents, hospital discharges, and human excretion. This study assessed the effects of lumefantrine on the growth and physiological responses of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. The microalgae and macrophyte were exposed to 200-10000 μg l-1 and 16-10000 μg l-1 lumefantrine, respectively. Lumefantrine had a variable effect on the growth of the aquatic plants investigated. There was a decline in the growth of R. subcapitata and L. minor post-exposure to the drug. Contrarily, there was stimulation in the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. All experimental plants had a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde content. Peroxidase activity of L. minor increased only at low lumefantrine concentrations, while the opposite occurred at higher levels of the drug. Incubation in lumefantrine contaminated medium significantly up-regulated the activity of R. subcapitata cultures. Glutathione S-transferase of L. minor exposed to lumefantrine treatments had substantially higher activities than the controls. Our findings suggest lumefantrine could have adverse but variable effects on the growth and physiology of the studied aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilu Ameh
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Jerry Tersoo Agee
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Hadiza Bashir
- Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Umar
- Department of Biology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Tekbaba A, Özpınar SÇ, Tunca H, Sevindik TO, Doğru A, Günsel A, Bilgiçli AT, Yarasir MN. Synthesis, characterization and investigation of algal oxidative effects of water-soluble copper phthalocyanine containing sulfonate groups. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:355-365. [PMID: 33721096 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical and algicidal properties of the newly synthesized compound (2) were evaluated and its algal oxidative effects were determined in Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. First, we have reported on the synthesis and characterization of highly water-soluble copper (II) phthalocyanine (2), containing sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (2) substituents at the peripheral positions. Some spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the new synthesized compound (2). In terms of biological properties, C. vulgaris were more tolerance to compound (2) than A. platensis depending to growth parameters. When SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity significantly increased at 0.25 ppb and 1.5 ppb concentrations in A. platensis cultures, it increased at 6 ppb concentration in C. vulgaris cultures. GR (Glutathione reductase) activity decreased at 1 ppb and 1.5 ppb concentrations while APX (Ascorbate peroxidase) activity did not show a significant change at any concentrations in A. platensis cultures. GR activity showed a significant increase at 6 ppb concentration, while APX activity increased at all concentrations compared to control in C. vulgaris cultures. MDA (malondialdehyde) and H2O2 content decreased at 1 and 1.5 ppb concentrations but there were significant increases in the proline content at all concentrations compared to the control in A. platensis. MDA, H2O2 and free proline contents showed a significant increase at 0.5 ppb concentration in C. vulgaris. In conclusion, compound (2) have algicidal effects, and also it causes to oxidative stress in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Tekbaba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Sena Çağatay Özpınar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tunca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Tuğba Ongun Sevindik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Doğru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Armağan Günsel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet T Bilgiçli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - M Nilüfer Yarasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
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Krishna Moorthy A, Govindarajan Rathi B, Shukla SP, Kumar K, Shree Bharti V. Acute toxicity of textile dye Methylene blue on growth and metabolism of selected freshwater microalgae. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 82:103552. [PMID: 33246139 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are ecologically important species in aquatic ecosystems due to their role as primary producers. The inhibition of growth of microalgae due to dye pollution results in an upheaval in the trophic transfer of nutrients and energy in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this investigation aimed to evaluate the toxicity of a textile dye Methylene blue (MB) on two microalgae viz. Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis. An exposure of the unialgal populations of both the microalgae towards graded concentrations of the dye showed a concentration-dependent decrease in specific growth rate, pigment and protein content. In the toxicity study of 24 -96-h, following the OECD guidelines 201, the EC50 values of C. vulgaris and S. platensis ranged from 61.81 to 5.43 mg/L and 5.83 to 1.08 mg/L respectively revealing that S. platensis exhibited a higher level of susceptibility towards the dye as compared to C. vulgaris and the latter is more tolerant to the dye toxicity even at higher concentrations. The findings indicate that the response to dye is a species-specific phenomenon. Given the differences in the cell structure and enzymatic pathways in Spirulina platensis (a prokaryote) and Chlorella vulgaris (an eukaryote), the tolerance levels can differ. After 96-h exposure of C. vulgaris to MB (100 mg/L), the chlorophyll-a, b and carotenoid content were reduced 2.5, 5.96 and 3.57 times in comparison to control whereas in S. platensis exposure to MB (10 mg/L), the chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content were reduced 3.59 and 5.08 times in comparison to control. After 96-h exposure of C. vulgaris and S. platensis to the dye (20 mg/L), the protein content was found to be 4.34 and 2.75 times lower than the control. The protein content has decreased in accordance with the increase in dye concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abarna Krishna Moorthy
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Bhuvaneswari Govindarajan Rathi
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharastra, 400061, India.
| | - Satya Prakash Shukla
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharastra, 400061, India
| | - Vidya Shree Bharti
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharastra, 400061, India
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Yaacob NS, Ahmad MF, Kawasaki N, Maniyam MN, Abdullah H, Hashim EF, Sjahrir F, Wan Mohd Zamri WMI, Komatsu K, Kuwahara VS. Kinetics Growth and Recovery of Valuable Nutrients from Selangor Peat Swamp and Pristine Forest Soils Using Different Extraction Methods as Potential Microalgae Growth Enhancers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030653. [PMID: 33513787 PMCID: PMC7866033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil extracts are useful nutrients to enhance the growth of microalgae. Therefore, the present study attempts for the use of virgin soils from Peninsular Malaysia as growth enhancer. Soils collected from Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR) and Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR) were treated using different extraction methods. The total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the autoclave methods were relatively higher than natural extraction with up to 132.0 mg N/L, 10.7 mg P/L, and 2629 mg C/L, respectively for RMFR. The results of TDN, TDP, and DOC suggested that the best extraction methods are autoclaved at 121 °C twice with increasing 87%, 84%, and 95%, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris TRG 4C dominated the growth at 121 °C twice extraction method in the RMRF and AHRF samples, with increasing 54.3% and 14%, respectively. The specific growth rate (µ) of both microalgae were relatively higher, 0.23 d-1 in the Ayer Hitam Soil. This extract served well as a microalgal growth promoter, reducing the cost and the needs for synthetic medium. Mass production of microalgae as aquatic feed will be attempted eventually. The high recovery rate of nutrients has a huge potential to serve as a growth promoter for microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Suhaila Yaacob
- Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.M.); (H.A.)
- Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-355223428
| | - Mohd Fadzli Ahmad
- Department of Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.A.); (E.F.H.); (F.S.); (W.M.I.W.M.Z.)
| | - Nobuyuki Kawasaki
- Dainippon Ink and Chemicals DIC Corporation, Central Research Laboratories, 631 Sakado, Sakura, Chiba 285-8668, Japan;
| | - Maegala Nallapan Maniyam
- Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.M.); (H.A.)
- Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasdianty Abdullah
- Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.M.); (H.A.)
- Department of Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.A.); (E.F.H.); (F.S.); (W.M.I.W.M.Z.)
| | - Emi Fazlina Hashim
- Department of Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.A.); (E.F.H.); (F.S.); (W.M.I.W.M.Z.)
- Faculty of Education & Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-Machi, Hachioji-Shi 192-8577, Japan;
| | - Fridelina Sjahrir
- Department of Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.A.); (E.F.H.); (F.S.); (W.M.I.W.M.Z.)
| | - Wan Muhammad Ikram Wan Mohd Zamri
- Department of Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.F.A.); (E.F.H.); (F.S.); (W.M.I.W.M.Z.)
| | - Kazuhiro Komatsu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;
| | - Victor S. Kuwahara
- Faculty of Education & Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-Machi, Hachioji-Shi 192-8577, Japan;
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11
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Khoshnamvand M, Hao Z, Fadare OO, Hanachi P, Chen Y, Liu J. Toxicity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to aquatic organisms of different trophic levels. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127346. [PMID: 32544815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although biosynthesized nanoparticles are regarded as green products, research on their toxicity to aquatic food chains is scarce. Herein, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Alcea rosea-silver nanoparticles, AR-AgNPs) were produced by the reaction of Ag ions with leaf extract of herbal plant Alcea rosea. Then, the toxic effects of AR-AgNPs and their precursors such as Ag+ ions and coating agent (A. rosea leaf extract) on organisms of different trophic levels of a freshwater food chain were investigated. To the three studied aquatic organisms including phytoplankton (Chlorella vulgaris), zooplankton (Daphnia magna) and fish (Danio rerio), the coating agents of AR-AgNPs showed no toxic effects, and Ag+ ions were more toxic in comparison to AR-AgNPs. Further investigations revealed that the release of Ag+ ions from AR-AgNPs to the test media were not considerable due to the high stability of AR-AgNPs, thus the toxicity stemmed mainly from the particles of AR-AgNPs in all the three trophic levels. Based on values of 72-h EC50 for C. vulgaris, 48-h LC50 for D. magna and 96-h LC50 for D. rerio, the most sensitive organism to AR-AgNPs exposure was D. magna (the second trophic level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khoshnamvand
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhineng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Oluniyi O Fadare
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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12
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Wan L, Long Y, Hui J, Zhang H, Hou Z, Tan J, Pan Y, Sun S. Effect of norfloxacin on algae-cladoceran grazer-larval damselfly food chains: Algal morphology-mediated trophic cascades. Chemosphere 2020; 256:127166. [PMID: 32559891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) has recently been demonstrated to affect the swimming behavior of zooplankton species and phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions, which may further affect trophic cascades. To test this hypothesis, two food chains (Scenedesmus quadricauda-Daphnia magna-larval damselfly and Chlorella vulgaris-D. magna-larval damselfly) were used to examine the effect of NOR concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, and 25 mg L-1) on trophic cascades. In the absence of NOR, larval damselflies reduced grazer density and increased algal density, regardless of algal species. In the presence of NOR, increasing NOR concentration strengthened the positive effect of larval damselflies on the growth of C. vulgaris because larval damselflies suppressed grazer density more efficiently resulting from reduced swimming ability in the grazers. Conversely, increasing NOR concentration reduced the positive effect on the growth of S. quadricauda due to inhibited grazer-induced colony formation in S. quadricauda. Therefore, exposure to NOR altered the direction and strength of trophic cascades and showed species-specific differences, depending on algal morphology-mediated indirect interactions. These findings provide novel insights into how NOR affects aquatic food chains and reveal the importance of algal traits in determining trophic cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Yaoyue Long
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jin Hui
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jiexin Tan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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13
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Liao CS, Hong YH, Nishikawa Y, Kage-Nakadai E, Chiou TY, Wu CC. Impacts of Endocrine Disruptor di- n-Butyl Phthalate Ester on Microalga Chlorella vulgaris Verified by Approaches of Proteomics and Gene Ontology. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184304. [PMID: 32961811 PMCID: PMC7571057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is an extensively used plasticizer. Most investigations on DBP have been concentrated on its environmental distribution and toxicity to humans. However, information on the effects of plasticizers on algal species is scarce. This study verified the impacts of endocrine disruptor di-n-butyl phthalate ester on microalga Chlorella vulgaris by approaches of proteomics and gene ontology. The algal acute biotoxicity results showed that the 24h-EC50 of DBP for C. vulgaris was 4.95 mg L-1, which caused a decrease in the chlorophyll a content and an increase in the DBP concentration of C. vulgaris. Proteomic analysis led to the identification of 1257 C. vulgaris proteins. Sixty-one more proteins showed increased expression, compared to proteins with decreased expression. This result illustrates that exposure to DBP generally enhances protein expression in C. vulgaris. GO annotation showed that both acetolactate synthase (ALS) and GDP-L-fucose synthase 2 (GER2) decreased more than 1.5-fold after exposure to DBP. These effects could inhibit both the valine biosynthetic process and the nucleotide-sugar metabolic process in C. vulgaris. The results of this study demonstrate that DBP could inhibit growth and cause significant changes to the biosynthesis-relevant proteins in C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Sen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.K.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7313)
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Yoshikazu Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.K.-N.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Osaka 590-0113, Japan
| | - Eriko Kage-Nakadai
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (Y.N.); (E.K.-N.)
| | - Tai-Ying Chiou
- School of Regional Innovation and Social Design Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Hokkaido 090-8507, Japan;
| | - Chien-Chang Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
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14
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Bergsten-Torralba LR, Magalhães DP, Giese EC, Nascimento CRS, Pinho JVA, Buss DF. Toxicity of three rare earth elements, and their combinations to algae, microcrustaceans, and fungi. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 201:110795. [PMID: 32544742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are naturally distributed in the environment, and are increasingly being used in agriculture and high technology materials worldwide, thereby increasing anthropogenic contamination and environmental risks. There exists scarce and contradictory toxicity information about REEs; hence, more studies are required, especially on their mixtures. Thus, this study aimed to assess the toxicities of La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, and the combinations of these elements (binary 1:1 and ternary 1:1:1), to organisms from different trophic levels: producers (the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata), primary consumers (the microcrustaceans Daphnia similis and Artemia salina), and decomposers (the fungi Penicillium simplicissimum and Aspergillus japonicus). Ecotoxicological bioassays were performed, and toxic concentrations were determined. Thereafter, toxicities of single and mixture REEs were classified as slightly to highly toxic according to their toxic units. Finally, a concentration addition (CA) model was used to estimate how REEs interact upon combining. Nd3+ was the most toxic element for all organisms, especially D. similis (48 h LC50 9.41 mg.L-1), and was therefore classified as highly toxic. Sm3+ promoted cell agglomeration in Chlorella vulgaris and was the most toxic of the tested elements for this organism (72 h IC50 25.78 mg.L-1). The CA model revealed synergistic responses for most of the combinations, principally Nd3+ + Sm3+, which was the most toxic combination for the tested organisms. Both fungi were the most resistant organisms, and A. japonicus produced exudate and sclerotia, which help in the detoxification of chemicals. Owing not only to the fact that fungi displayed a higher resistance to REEs, but also due to the absence of regulations for REEs released from the agricultural or industrial sector, and the lack of methods to treat effluents or to dispose of technological items containing REEs, these organisms should be considered as a model for the biosorption or bioremediation of REEs. Finally, the toxic effects of REEs, particularly Nd3+, on the biota and human health should be the focus of future studies due to their increased use in technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bergsten-Torralba
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC, Program in Biodiversity and Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC, Laboratory of Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health (LAPSA), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - D P Magalhães
- Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E C Giese
- Center for Mineral Technology - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R S Nascimento
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health - INCQS, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J V A Pinho
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca - ENSP, Program of Public Health and Environment, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D F Buss
- Pan American Health Organization: PAHO, Washington, D.C., USA
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15
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Dong X, Sun S, Jia R, Xu L, Hou W, Lu N, Wang M, Zhao Q, Hou L. Effects of Sulfamethoxazole Exposure on the Growth, Antioxidant System of Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:358-365. [PMID: 32740748 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) is a kind of sulfonamides antibiotic, which is widely used in human life. This study investigated the effects of SMZ on physiological and biochemical indexes of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) for 35-day. The results showed that SMZ inhibited the growth and Chl-a content of C. vulgaris and M. aeruginosa, and growth inhibition rate was 8.06%-95.86%, Chl-a content decreased 2.44%-98.04%. SMZ resulting in increased SOD and CAT activity and destroyed the dynamic balance of antioxidant system. In addition, SMZ increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in algae, destroyed the cell membrane to a certain extent, which was 1.8-7.3 folds higher than the control group. High concentration of SMZ can make algae cells exceed the limit of cell antioxidant capacity. Coupled with the serious damage of cell membrane, algae cells begin to appear a large number of death phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Dong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hou
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Lu
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Shandong(Jinan) Water & Waste Water Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Institute for Logistic Science and Technology of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100011, People's Republic of China
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16
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Dauda MY, Erkurt EA. Investigation of reactive Blue 19 biodegradation and byproducts toxicity assessment using crude laccase extract from Trametes versicolor. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:121555. [PMID: 32143156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crude laccase potency on biodegradation and detoxification of Reactive blue 19 (RB-19) were demonstrated, along with prediction of degradation mechanisms, pathways and byproducts analysis. Trametes versicolor, cultured on pampas grass inflorescence (Cortaderia selloana), yielded the best crude laccase activity (15.36 U/g). 10 U CLE activities demonstrated a biodegradation yield (85%) in 210 min, at pH 4, 50 °C and 200 mg/L RB-19 concentrations. Evolution of a brown color that absorbed maximally at 478 nm was observed during biodegradation. Two methods were adopted for byproducts extraction, three methods for toxicity analysis and four models for kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) determination. 2-ethylanthracene, 2-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one, 2(4-methylphenyl)-ethan-1-amine, 1-[6-hydroperoxy-4,5-bis(sulfooxy)oxan-3-yl]triaza-1,2-dien-2-ium, naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid and N-[(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl]acetamide were detected as toxic byproducts. Brown color evolution was due to 1,1,1-triethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dioxo-2λ6-diazathian-1-ium (methoxycarbonyl sulfanyl-triethylammonium hydroxide) inner salt. Increase in color density (light to dark brown) was a function of byproduct(s) biodegradation and polymerization. RB-19 and byproduct acute toxicities were decreased significantly (98% - 6.91%). Kinetic parameters Km (18.05 mg/L) and Vmax (0.31 mg/L. min-1) from the four kinetic models demonstrated higher affinity of CLE to RB-19. CLE yielded a catalytic activity (Vmax/Km =0.017 min-1) demonstrating the flexibility of CLE active site to RB-19 binding over commercial laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Yakubu Dauda
- Cyprus International University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Haspolat - Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey; Cyprus International University, Environmental Research Center, Haspolat - Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ahmet Erkurt
- Cyprus International University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Haspolat - Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey; Cyprus International University, Environmental Research Center, Haspolat - Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
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17
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Wang K, Sun Z, Yang L, He L, Li X, Wang G. Respiratory Toxicity of Azoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin and Coumoxystrobin on Chlorella vulgaris. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:799-803. [PMID: 32388572 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin (AZ), pyraclostrobin (PYR) and coumoxystrobin (COU) exert negative impacts on Chlorella vulgaris. Thus, in this study, C. vulgaris was used to assess the respiratory toxicity of AZ, PYR and COU by determining the acute toxicity, complex III activity and ATP viability. The 96 h-EC50 values of AZ, PYR and COU for C. vulgaris were 1.85, 2.21 and 1.62 mg/L, respectively. AZ, PYR and COU exerted significant effects on complex III activity and ATP viability after exposure to 0.71, 1.01 and 1.08 mg/L of the fungicides. The binding potentials of AZ, PYR and COU toward ubiquinone were - 10.44, - 9.31 and - 12.98 kcal/mol, respectively, which had adverse effects on amino acids. These results provided new insight into the potential acute respiratory toxicity mechanisms of these strobilurin fungicides in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liandong Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu He
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Ostera JM, Malanga G, Puntarulo S. Assessment of oxidative balance in hydrophilic cellular environment in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to glyphosate. Chemosphere 2020; 248:125955. [PMID: 32028155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The studied hypothesis is that glyphosate (GLY) can affect the oxidative balance in the hydrophilic intracellular medium in non-target Chlorella vulgaris cells. Analytical GLY (5 μM) and a commercial product (RUP) (5 μM) supplementation, did not affect the growth profile. Neither in latent (Lag) nor in exponential (Exp) phase of development, there were significant differences in the cellular abundance, evaluated as cell number, after the supplementation with GLY or RUP. The ascorbyl (A•) content was significantly increased in the presence of GLY or RUP, in Lag and Exp phase of growth. No changes were observed in stationary (St) phase after supplementation with either GLY or RUP. Ascorbate (AH-) content was decreased by 30% in Exp phase of development the presence of RUP. In St phase of the development both, the administration of either GLY or RUP decreased the antioxidant content by 34 and 37%, respectively. The supplementation with GLY and RUP lead to a significant 5- and 10-fold increase in Exp phase, respectively in the A•/AH-content ratio, assessed as a damage/protection ratio in the hydrophilic fraction of the cells, as compared to controls. Neither GLY nor RUP affected the ratio in cells in St phase of development. The data presented here showed experimental evidence that suggested that oxidative balance in the hydrophilic environment is affected by GLY, even at the low to medium concentrations currently used. The effect seems as reversible either because of the magnitude of the herbicide-dependent damage or the antioxidant activity activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ostera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Puntarulo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dehghanpour S, Pourzamani HR, Amin MM, Ebrahimpour K. Evaluation of toxic effects of platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin) on green alga Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 223:105495. [PMID: 32371336 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (PBADs) enter the environment via hospital and municipal wastes as reactive and highly toxic molecules. Chlorella vulgaris is a freshwater microalgae and is used as an excellent aquatic model for toxicity assessment. In the present study, the toxicity of PBADs to C. vulgaris was investigated for better understanding of PBADs environmental toxicity. The algae were cultured in Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM) and exposed to different concentrations of PBADs for 48, 72 and 96 h. Then, cell proliferation, the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) release and antioxidant potential were determined. IC50 s of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin for 96 h of exposure were 106.2, 124.3 and 153.9 mg/L respectively. Cell proliferation, synthesis of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and algal protein content significantly decreased in a time and dose-dependent manner. The release of MDA to culture media significantly increased and antioxidant potential decreased. Cisplatin showed more toxic effects on C. vulgaris compared to carboplatin and oxaliplatin indicating its severe toxicity for marine organisms. PBADs induce their toxic effects in algal cells via the interaction with DNA, production of free radicals (such as reactive oxygen species), lipid peroxidation and cell wall damages. Due to these toxic effects of PBADs for various environmental organisms, there must be severe restriction on their release into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samineh Dehghanpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Pourzamani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Ebrahimpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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20
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Wang T, Huang L, Liu Y, Li X, Liu C, Handschuh-Wang S, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Tang Y. Robust Biomimetic Hierarchical Diamond Architecture with a Self-Cleaning, Antibacterial, and Antibiofouling Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:24432-24441. [PMID: 32342682 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is a worldwide problem from healthcare to marine exploration. Aggressive biofouling, wear, and corrosion lead to severe deterioration in function and durability. Here, micro- and nanostructured hierarchical diamond films mimicking the morphology of plant leaves were developed to simultaneously achieve superhydrophobicity, antibacterial efficacy, and marine antibiofouling, combined with mechanical and chemical robustness. These coatings were designed and successfully constructed on various commercial substrates, such as titanium alloys, silicon, and quartz glass via a chemical vapor deposition process. The unique surface structure of diamond films reduced bacteria attachment by 90-99%. In the marine environment, these biomimetic diamond films significantly reduced more than 95% adhesion of green algae. The structured diamond films retained mechanical robustness, superhydrophobicity, and antibacterial efficacy under high abrasion and corrosive conditions, exhibiting at least 20 times enhanced wear resistance than the bare commercial substrates even after long-term immersion in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuzhi Liu
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Centre for Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhang F, Yao X, Sun S, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang X, Wang J. Effects of mesotrione on oxidative stress, subcellular structure, and membrane integrity in Chlorella vulgaris. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125668. [PMID: 31931307 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesotrione is a selective herbicide used to prevent weed attack of corn. It is extensively used, and hence, is being increasingly detected in aquatic ecosystems and may exert adverse effects on aquatic organisms. To evaluate the effects of mesotrione on photosynthesis-related gene expression, antioxidant enzyme activities, subcellular structure, and membrane integrity in algal cells, a comprehensive study was conducted using the green alga, Chlorella vulgaris. Exposure to 4-50 mg/L mesotrione resulted in a progressive inhibition of cell growth, with a 96-h median inhibition concentration (96 h- ErC50) value of 18.8 mg/L. Further, 18 and 37.5 mg/L mesotrione affected the algal photosynthetic capacity by decreasing the cell pigment content and reducing transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes. Mesotrione induced oxidative stress, as confirmed by increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. It also damaged the algal cellular structure, observed as plasmolysis, blurred organelle shape, and disruption of the chloroplast structure. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that mesotrione exposure led to uneven cell growth and interior irregularities in the algal cell. The apparent propidium iodide (PI) influx also confirmed that the herbicide induced damage of the cell membrane integrity. This study will facilitate the understanding of the physiological and morphological changes induced by mesotrione in C. vulgaris cells, and provide basic information for understanding the biological mechanisms of mesotrione-induced algal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Shiang Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Lipeng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Weitang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
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22
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Zhang J, Xiang Q, Shen L, Ling J, Zhou C, Hu J, Chen L. Surface charge-dependent bioaccumulation dynamics of silver nanoparticles in freshwater algae. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125936. [PMID: 31978664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can gradually accumulate in algae to exert their toxicity; however, there is little knowledge about their bioaccumulation dynamics. For the first time, this study reports the effect of surface charge of AgNPs on their bioaccumulation dynamics in freshwater algae (Chlorella vulgaris) using biodynamic modeling. Polyethylene-coated AgNPs (PEI-AgNPs) and citrate-coated AgNPs (Cit-AgNPs) were selected as positively and negatively charged AgNPs, i.e., P-AgNPs and N-AgNPs, respectively. Their uptake and elimination dynamics were investigated at a concentration of 50% inhibition of growth rate values (EC50) and 10% inhibition of growth rate values (EC10). The one-component model can generally well simulate the algal uptake and elimination kinetics of N-AgNPs but not of P-AgNPs. At both concentrations, the uptake rate constants (ku) for P-AgNPs were ∼20 times higher than that for N-AgNPs. The parameters of biphasic elimination kinetics revealed that P-AgNPs were eliminated faster than N-AgNPs during depuration compared to in subsequent processes. Compared with N-AgNPs, extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory and dark-field imaging revealed that P-AgNPs can be rapidly absorbed on the algal cell surface membrane owing to their remarkably lower energy barrier between algal cells, resulting in a faster adsorption/uptake process and aggregation of algal cells. Our results clearly demonstrate that the AgNPs exhibited surface charge-dependent bioaccumulation dynamics in algal cells. Thus, AgNP surface charge primarily influences the AgNP accumulation dynamics in algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Zhang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Lin Shen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Jian Ling
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Chuanhua Zhou
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; Yunnan International Joint Research Center for Hydro-Ecology Science & Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
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23
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Achar JC, Kim DY, Kwon JH, Jung J. Toxicokinetic modeling of octylphenol bioconcentration in Chlorella vulgaris and its trophic transfer to Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 194:110379. [PMID: 32143104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioconcentration of 4-tert-Octylphenol (OP) in freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris was investigated by considering the effects of algal growth and exudate excretion. The OP uptake in algae was approximately 113 mg kg-1 after 24 h, and the uptake rate constant was estimated as 2.4 × 104 L kg-1 d-1. The OP sorption onto exudates reduced OP bioavailability to C. vulgaris to 11% after 24 h, with a sorption coefficient of 9.7 × 103 L kg-1. The elimination of OP by algae growth (0.80 d-1) was dominant over real elimination (0.60 d-1). The calculated bioconcentration factor of OP in C. vulgaris following uptake and elimination rate constants was 4.0 × 104 L kg-1. Further, bioaccumulation of OP in Daphnia magna was investigated by considering both aqueous and dietary (C. vulgaris) exposures. Uptake and elimination rates of OP via water were 1.6 × 104 L kg-1 d-1 and 0.95 d-1, respectively, while ingestion rate and assimilation efficiency via diet were 0.41 d-1 and 58%, respectively. The OP accumulation in D. magna predominantly occurred via water (63%) relative to diet (37%), resulting in a bioaccumulation factor of 2.7 × 104 L kg-1. The estimated trophic transfer factor was 0.25, suggesting that OP biomagnification was unlikely in the C. vulgaris-D. magna trophic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Collince Achar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yung Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Deng Y, Beadham I, Ren HY, Ji MM, Ruan WQ. A study into the species sensitivity of green algae towards imidazolium-based ionic liquids using flow cytometry. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 194:110392. [PMID: 32171965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of individual organisms towards toxic agents is an important indicator of environmental pollution. However, organism-specific quantification of sensitivity towards pollutants remains a challenge. In this study, we determined the sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and Scenedesmus quadricauda (S. quadricauda) towards three ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chlorides [Cnmim][Cl] (n = 4,6,8). We kept all external parameters constant to identify the biotic parameters responsible for discrepancies in species sensitivity, and used flow cytometry to determine four conventional endpoints to characterise cell viability and cell vitality. Our results demonstrate that after exposure to the ILs, cell proliferation was inhibited in both species. At the same time, the cell size, complexity and membrane permeability of both algae also increased. However, while Chl a synthesis by S. quadricauda was inhibited, that of C. vulgaris was enhanced. S. quadricauda has evolved a metabolic defense that can counteract the decreased esterase activity that has been shown to occur in the presence of ILs. While it is likely that S. quadricauda was less sensitive than C. vulgaris to the ILs because of this metabolic defense, this alga may also exhibit better membrane resistance towards ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Deng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ian Beadham
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Hong-Yan Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Meng-Meng Ji
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wen-Quan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Husseini ZN, Hosseini Tafreshi SA, Aghaie P, Toghyani MA. CaCl 2 pretreatment improves gamma toxicity tolerance in microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 192:110261. [PMID: 32018153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Chlorella vulgaris has been generally recognized as a promising microalgal model to study stress-related responses due to its ability to withstand against ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of CaCl2 pre-treatment at different concentrations on the responses of microalga C. vulgaris under gamma radiation toxicity. Changes in growth, physiological parameters and biochemical compositions of the algae pretreated with 0.17 (normal), 5, and 10 mM CaCl2 were analyzed under 300 Gy gamma irradiation and compared to those of gamma-free control. The results showed that parameters including specific growth rate, cell size, chlorophyll and protein contents, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and the ratios of nucleic acid to protein negatively affected by gamma irradiation. All these parameters, except for the ratios of nucleic acid to protein significantly increased in the algae when pretreated with a CaCl2 content higher than normal concentration. The analysis also showed that parameters including catalase activity, proline, and carotenoid content, the level of lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage (EL) significantly increased under gamma irradiation but not affected significantly under different CaCl2 pre-treatments. Additionally, specific growth rate, chlorophyll a and protein content, APX and SOD activity, FRAP, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and the ratios of nucleic acid to protein were the only parameters that significantly affected by the interaction of gamma toxicity and CaCl2 pretreatment. Overall, the results suggested that regardless of the CaCl2 effect, the algal cells responded to gamma radiation more efficiently by increasing proline, carotenoids content, and CAT activity. More important, it was concluded that calcium had an essential role in modifying the detrimental effect of gamma toxicity on the algae mainly by increasing the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and maintaining the reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the cells at a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Naser Husseini
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. 8731753153, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini Tafreshi
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. 8731753153, Iran.
| | - Peyman Aghaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor Universtiy, Po Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
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Kaziem AE, Gao B, Li L, Zhang Z, He Z, Wen Y, Wang MH. Enantioselective bioactivity, toxicity, and degradation in different environmental mediums of chiral fungicide epoxiconazole. J Hazard Mater 2020; 386:121951. [PMID: 31895998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the environmental behaviour and bioactivity of epoxiconazole enantiomers, an integrated assessment has been done. The degradation in soil, water, and river-sediments were studied. The toxicity to Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna was also examined. The bioactivity to plant-pathogens and molecular docking to CYP51 were investigated. The obtained results showed that the half-lives of R,S-(+)- and S,R-(-)-epoxiconazole were 38.8 and 21.2 days in Jiangsu soil, 43.2 and 22.7 days in Jiangxi soil, 29.1 and 21.3 days in Jilin soil, 43.5 and 32.7 days in anaerobic Jilin soil, 12.3 and 10.1 days in river sediments, and 33.2 and 9.3 days in river water, respectively. Maximum EF was 0.36 in Yangzi-river water. No enantioselective degradation was found in sterilized conditions. The EC50 to C. vulgaris after 48 h was 27.78 mg L-1, and 18.93 mg L-1 for R,S-(+)-, and S,R-(-)-epoxiconazole, respectively. The LC50 to D. magna was 4.16 mg L-1, and 8.49 mg L-1 for R,S-(+)-, and S,R-(-)-epoxiconazole, respectively. R,S-(+)-epoxiconazole bioactivity was 1.3-7.25 times higher than S,R-(-)-epoxiconazole. In conclusion, R,S-(+)- has higher bioactivity and higher environmental toxicity. In opposite, S,R-(-)- has lower environmental toxicity and lower bioactivity. R,S-(+)-epoxiconazole use is recommended with lower concentrations, which is appropriate for environment safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir E Kaziem
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianshan Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongzhe He
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming-Hua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Baniamerian H, Tsapekos P, Alvarado-Morales M, Shokrollahzadeh S, Safavi M, Angelidaki I. Anti-algal activity of Fe 2O 3-TiO 2 photocatalyst on Chlorella vulgaris species under visible light irradiation. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125119. [PMID: 31677511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many industries located in coastal areas use a large amount of seawater. Algal biofouling can be a major problem that hinders the efficiency of these industrial facilities. In most cases, seawater requires algal removal pre-treatment to avoid or mitigate biofilm formation. To remediate green microalgae, Fe2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles with 2.5% w/w Fe2O3 were applied as a visible light driven photocatalyst. The anti-algal activity of the photocatalytic pre-treatment using green microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris was tested. The experiments were carried out in freshwater, artificial seawater, and real seawater. Effect of photocatalyst dosage, visible light intensity, and water salinity on the removal of microalgae was investigated. The highest inactivation efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris was achieved under 55 W/m2 visible light irradiation when 0.25 g/L of Fe2O3-TiO2 photocatalyst was used. The photocatalytic removal kinetics of Chlorella vulgaris followed the pseudo first order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The results revealed that the efficiency of photocatalytic removal of algae decreased with increasing of seawater salinity. The anti-algal activity of Fe2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles was attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the photocatalytic process. H+ radical was shown to be the most important ROS that nanoparticles produced in the aqueous media. Using Fe2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles in photocatalytic pre-treatment could be an efficient environmental-friendly method for micro-algal remediation in seawater under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baniamerian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark; Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Soheila Shokrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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Wang L, Huang X, Sun W, Too HZ, Laserna AKC, Li SFY. A global metabolomic insight into the oxidative stress and membrane damage of copper oxide nanoparticles and microparticles on microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Environ Pollut 2020; 258:113647. [PMID: 31810715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To compare aquatic organisms' responses to the toxicity of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) with those of CuO microparticles (MPs) and copper (Cu) ions, a global metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the changes of both polar and nonpolar metabolites in microalga Chlorella vulgaris after 5-day exposure to CuO NPs and MPs (1 and 10 mg/L), as well as the corresponding dissolved Cu ions (0.08 and 0.8 mg/L). Unchanged growth, slight reactive oxygen species production, and significant membrane damage (at 10 mg/L CuO particles) in C. vulgaris were demonstrated. A total of 75 differentiated metabolites were identified. Most metabolic pathways perturbed after CuO NPs exposure were shared by those after CuO MPs and Cu ions exposure, including accumulation of chlorophyll intermediates (max. 2.4-5.2 fold), membrane lipids remodeling for membrane protection (decrease of phosphatidylethanolamines (min. 0.6 fold) and phosphatidylcholines (min. 0.2-0.7 fold), as well as increase of phosphatidic acids (max. 1.5-2.9 fold), phosphatidylglycerols (max. 2.2-2.3 fold), monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (max. 1.2-1.4 fold), digalactosylmonoacylglycerols (max. 1.9-3.8 fold), diacylglycerols (max. 1.4 fold), lysophospholipids (max. 1.8-3.0 fold), and fatty acids (max. 3.0-6.2 fold)), perturbation of glutathione metabolism induced by oxidative stress, and accumulation of osmoregulants (max. 1.3-2.6 fold) to counteract osmotic stress. The only difference between metabolic responses to particles and those to ions was the accumulation of fatty acids oxidation products: particles caused higher fold changes (particles/ions ratio 1.9-3.0) at 1 mg/L and lower fold changes (particles/ions ratio 0.4-0.7) at 10 mg/L compared with ions. Compared with microparticles, there was no nanoparticle-specific pathway perturbed. These results confirm the predominant role of dissolved Cu ions on the toxicity of CuO NPs and MPs, and also reveal particle-specific toxicity from a metabolomics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | - Xulei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hui Zhen Too
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore
| | | | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), #02-01, T-Lab Building (TL), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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He N, Liu Z, Sun X, Wang S, Liu W, Sun D, Duan S. Phytotoxicity, Bioaccumulation, and Degradation of Nonylphenol in Different Microalgal Species without Bacterial Influences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041338. [PMID: 32079213 PMCID: PMC7073002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is a contaminant that has negative impacts on aquatic organisms. To investigate its phytotoxicity, bioaccumulation, and degradation in algae without associated bacteria, six freshwater microalgae—Ankistrodesmus acicularis, Chlorella vulgaris, Chroococcus minutus, Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Selenastrum bibraianum—in bacteria-free cultures were studied. When exposed to 0.5–3.0 mg L−1 NP for 4 days, cell growth and photosynthesis, including maximal photochemistry (Fv/Fm), were suppressed progressively. The antioxidant responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) showed species differences. While the antioxidant enzymes in C. vulgaris and S. obliquus were more active with the increase of NP (0–3 mg L−1), they dropped in the other four algae at concentrations of 1 and 1.5 mg L−1. Therefore, C. vulgaris and S. obliquus were designated as NP-tolerant species and showed more conspicuous and faster changes of antioxidant reactions compared with the four NP-sensitive species. All six species degraded NP, but A. acicularis was more reactive at low NP concentrations (<1 mg L−1), suggesting its possible application in sewage treatment for its potential for effective NP removal from water bodies in a suitable scope. Therefore, the conclusion is that biodegradation of NP by algae is species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning He
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China;
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Xian Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-756-7626350
| | - Shuangyao Wang
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Weijie Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, NO.18 Ruihe RD., Guangzhou 510535, China;
| | - Dong Sun
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (D.S.); (S.D.)
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Hena S, Gutierrez L, Croué JP. Removal of metronidazole from aqueous media by C. vulgaris. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121400. [PMID: 31624001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This current study investigated the removal of metronidazole from aqueous media by C. vulgaris. Two different initial sizes of inoculum (0.05 and 0.5 g L-1) were tested for a wide concentration range of metronidazole (1-50 μM). The effect of metronidazole concentrations on biomass production was studied for 20 days. The exopolymeric substances (EPS) were quantified and correlated with the removal of antibiotics from aqueous media. Specifically, MDZ stimulated the production of EPS in C. vulgaris, which played the major role in the adsorption of this antibiotic. Also, metronidazole significantly influenced the zeta potential of C. vulgaris in the test cultures, indicating a change in surface characteristics. This decrease in surface negative charge caused auto-flocculation phenomena at a stationary phase. Chronic and acute toxicity experiments showed that metronidazole was harmful to C. vulgaris at stationary phase. Results from this study would advance our knowledge on the treatment of metronidazole-contaminated waters with C. vulgaris as a green technology-oriented process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufia Hena
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Leo Gutierrez
- Facultad del Mar y Medio Ambiente, Universidad del Pacifico, Ecuador
| | - Jean-Philippe Croué
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Australia; Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, France.
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Nazari F, Jafarirad S, Movafeghi A, Kosari-Nasab M, Kazemi EM. Toxicity of microwave-synthesized silver-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites to the microalga Chlorella vulgaris: Comparison with the hydrothermal method synthesized counterparts. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:639-649. [PMID: 32053040 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1726142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased applications of nanomaterials in industry and biomedicine have resulted in a rising concern about their possible toxic impacts on living organisms. It has been claimed that the phytosynthesized nanomaterials have lower toxicity in comparison to their chemically synthesized counterparts. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their toxic effects on the environment. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effects of microwave-synthesized silver-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (MS-Ag-rGO) on Chlorella vulgaris. Algal cells were treated by 1, 2, 4 and 6 mg L-1 MS-Ag-rGO for 24 h. The obtained data with three replicates were examined using analysis of variance. Analysis of different growth parameters revealed that MS-Ag-rGO possessed significant dose-dependent toxic effect on C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope images of the treated cells established morphological shrinkages and alteration in position of nucleoli. Moreover, reduction in the phenol and flavonoid contents, enhancement of H2O2 content, changes in the antioxidant enzymes activity and decreases in the growth parameters as well as photosynthetic pigments quantities confirmed the toxicity of MS-Ag-rGO to the C. vulgaris cells. Our findings revealed that MS-Ag-rGO possessed higher toxicity on C. vulgaris than Ag-rGO synthesized by hydrothermal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nazari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Jafarirad
- Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Movafeghi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Kosari-Nasab
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mohajel Kazemi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu N, Zhang H, Zhao J, Xu Y, Ge F. Mechanisms of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-induced toxicity to photosystem II oxygen evolution complex of Chlorella vulgaris F1068. J Hazard Mater 2020; 383:121063. [PMID: 31539660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae photosynthesis is sensitive to coexisted contaminates in aquatic environment, thereby causes adverse effect on algal growth and nutrients uptake. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic toxicity mechanism of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC)-induced on a green microalga Chlorella vulgaris F1068 (C. vulgaris F1068). Results showed that CTAC reduced the algal growth rate, nutrients removal efficiency and weakened the photosynthetic performance. Meanwhile, the efficiency of oxygen evolution complex (OEC) and oxygen evolvement rates stressed by CTAC were significantly declined to 90.48% and 58.48% of the control (without CTAC), respectively. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) detected the damage of PSII-OEC morphology and structure by CTAC. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed that 41% of proteins were in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes which function in photosynthesis. The activity of oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 (OEE2 or PsbP) involved in electron transfer was significantly inhibited by CTAC, which down-regulated 15.14-fold in the presence of 0.6 mg/L CTAC. These results indicated that photosynthetic inhibition of CTAC mainly occurred in the PSII-OEC. This study provided a new perspective of the photosynthetic response in evaluation of environmental bioimpacts of surfactants on microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Environment and Resource, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- College of Environment and Resource, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Yin Xu
- College of Environment and Resource, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Fei Ge
- College of Environment and Resource, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
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Pei ZT, Xu RR, Liu HY, Wang WQ, Zhang M, Zhang LL, Zhang J, Wang WQ, Yu R, Sun LW. Development and application of a novel whole sediment toxicity test using immobilized sediment and Chlorella vulgaris. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109979. [PMID: 31835044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sediments of water bodies are not only pollutants sink but also sources of pollution. The assessment for the whole-sediment toxicity is still challenging research. Although the application of immobilized algal bead could overcome the practical difficulties in sediment toxicity assay, the weak growth and reduced sensitivity of algae inside the bead restricted its application. In this study, a sediment toxicity test was developed using immobilized sediment and Chlorella vulgaris. The immobilized sediment was prepared by mixing 2 g freeze-dried sediment and 15-mL 3% (w/v) alginate and hardened in a 4% (w/v) CaCl2 solution. Based on a C. vulgaris growth inhibition test and using the immobilized sediment, the median effective concentration value (EC50) of the spiked Cu and diuron was 506.23 and 2.37 mg/kg respectively, lower than that of using immobilized algae (719.62 and 3.12 mg/kg respectively). The Cu and diuron concentrations in the corresponding overlying water from the spiked immobilized and free sediment showed that sediment pollutants' diffusion capacity was not decreased after immobilization. By using the immobilized sediment in algae toxicity bioassay, the changes in the sediment toxicity of a polluted river before and after dredging was evaluated. The C. vulgaris growth inhibition in sediment A decreased from 81.94% to 8.43%; sediment B remained unchanged; sediment C stimulated the growth of C. vulgaris before dredging (-15.56%), but inhibited the algae growth after dredging (26.88%), and sediment D decreased growth inhibition from 32.66% to -12.60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Tao Pei
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Rou-Rou Xu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Han-Yang Liu
- School of Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 24100, China.
| | - Wen-Qian Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Wen-Qiang Wang
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Ran Yu
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
| | - Li-Wei Sun
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China; Taihu Lake Water Environment Engineering Research Center (Wuxi), Southeast University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214061, China.
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Guo J, Peng J, Lei Y, Kanerva M, Li Q, Song J, Guo J, Sun H. Comparison of oxidative stress induced by clarithromycin in two freshwater microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 219:105376. [PMID: 31838304 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Clarithromycin (CLA), a macrolide antibiotic, has been frequently detected in the global surface waters. Concerns have been raised over the potential impacts of CLA on the non-target aquatic species, particularly algae acting as the primary producers in the ecosystem. This study therefore evaluated the toxicological effects of CLA at a range of concentration levels (0, 5, 20, 40, 80 μg L-1) on two green algae, Raphidocelis subcapitata (R. subcapitata) and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The algal growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA), responses of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured. After 7 d exposure, the growth of R. subcapitata was inhibited with the CLA exposure levels higher than 20 μg L-1, whereas the inhibition in C. vulgaris was detected at the concentration level of 80 μg L-1. The MDA contents in both species were elevated. To cope with the increased levels of ROS, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GP, and GST) and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH) in R. subcapitata were all enhanced. However, in C. vulgaris, enhancement was detected only in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GP). In addition, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid contents were all significantly increased in R. subcapitata but decreased in C. vulgaris. The results suggested that R. subcapitata is more sensitive to CLA exposure than C. vulgaris. This study provides insights into the CLA - oxidative stress process in two algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jianglin Peng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Yuan Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan
| | - Qi Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jinxi Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Jipu Guo
- State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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Ryzhkina IS, Kiseleva YV, Murtazina LI, Kuznetsova TV, Zainulgabidinov ER, Knyazev IV, Petrov AM, Kondakov SE, Konovalov AI. Diclofenac sodium aqueous systems at low concentrations: Interconnection between physicochemical properties and action on hydrobionts. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 88:177-186. [PMID: 31862059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are poorly removed during standard wastewater treatment. The consequences of the presence of NSAIDs in rivers and lakes at 10-11-10-8 mol/L are not yet established; therefore, ecotoxicologists have focused their efforts on studying the effect of low-concentration NSAIDs on fish and hydrobionts, and also on predicting the potential risks to humans. Literature provides some information about the bioeffects of some NSAID solutions in low concentrations but there is no physicochemical explanation for these phenomena. Studying the physicochemical patterns of DS solutions in the low range of concentrations and establishing an interconnection between the solutions' physicochemical properties and bioeffects can provide a conceptually new and important source of information regarding the unknown effects of DS. The physicochemical properties and action of DS solutions on Ceriodaphnia affinis cladocerans, Paramecium caudatum infusoria, Chlorella vulgaris unicellular green algae, as well as on the growth of the roots of Triticum vulgare wheat seeds, were studied in the calculated concentration range of 1 × 10-3-1 × 10-18 mol/L. The relationship between these phenomena was established using the certified procedures for monitoring the toxicity of natural water and wastewater. It was shown for the first time that water solutions of DS are dispersed systems in which the dispersed phase undergoes a rearrangement with dilution, accompanied by changes in its size and properties, which affects the nonmonotonic dependences of the system's physicochemical properties and could cause nonmonotonic changes in action on hydrobionts in the low concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Ryzhkina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Yuliya V Kiseleva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Lyaisan I Murtazina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Kuznetsova
- Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 28 Daurskaya Str., Kazan 420087, Russia
| | - Erik R Zainulgabidinov
- Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 28 Daurskaya Str., Kazan 420087, Russia
| | - Igor V Knyazev
- Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 28 Daurskaya Str., Kazan 420087, Russia
| | - Andrew M Petrov
- Institute for Problems of Ecology and Mineral Wealth Use of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 28 Daurskaya Str., Kazan 420087, Russia
| | - Sergey E Kondakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Dept., 1/3 Lenin Hills, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - Alexander I Konovalov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov str., Kazan 420088, Russia
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Movafeghi A, Khataee A, Rezaee A, Kosari-Nasab M, Tarrahi R. Toxicity of cadmium selenide nanoparticles on the green microalgaChlorella vulgaris: inducing antioxidative defense response. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36380-36387. [PMID: 31713820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green algae are dominant primary producers in aquatic environments. Thus, assessing the influences of pollutants such as nanoparticles on the algae is of high ecological significance. In the current study, cadmium selenide nanoparticles (CdSe NPs) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and their characteristics were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. Subsequently, the toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles on the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. The observations by SEM confirmed that exposure to CdSe NPs had severe impacts on the algal morphology. Furthermore, the obtained results revealed the toxic effect of CdSe NPs by a decrease in the number of cells. Measurement of antioxidant enzymes activity showed an increase in the activity of catalase, and a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) at high concentrations of CdSe NPs. The exposure of C. vulgaris to CdSe NPs resulted also in a change in algal pigments as well as total phenol content. Taken together, CdSe NPs appeared to have significant cytotoxic effects on C. vulgaris in the applied concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Movafeghi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Rezaee
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Kosari-Nasab
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roshanak Tarrahi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
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Gong N, Shao K, Che C, Sun Y. Stability of nickel oxide nanoparticles and its influence on toxicity to marine algae Chlorella vulgaris. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 149:110532. [PMID: 31543479 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study considered the stability of nickel oxide nanoparticles (nNiO) in seawater including their ability of aggregation and ion release. Furthermore, the relationship between these properties and their toxicity on marine algae Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. The results showed nNiO inhibited the growth of algal cells and decreased their chlorophyll content, which was due to the shading effects by aggregation of nNiO in seawater. Moreover, the release of Ni2+ depended on concentration of the nNiO solution. About 1.63% Ni2+ (varied from 0.89 to 3.63%) was detected and it may mediate the generation of ROS under both visible light and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, which resulted in oxidative stress in algae. Therefore, the stability of nNiO in water affected its toxicity, which should be considered when assessing the nano-pollution risks in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gong
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China.
| | - Kuishuang Shao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, China, 42 Linghe Road, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Cheng Che
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, 116026, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
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Ajitha V, Sreevidya CP, Kim JH, Bright Singh IS, Mohandas A, Lee JS, Puthumana J. Effect of metals of treated electroplating industrial effluents on antioxidant defense system in the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 217:105317. [PMID: 31670168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Chlorella vulgaris is one of the prominent and most widely distributed green microalgae found in aquatic environments, often used in toxicity tests due to its sensitivity to various pollutants. To examine the toxicity of metals found in the effluent discharges from an electroplating industry, physicochemical parameters in the microalga C. vulgaris were measured. pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, color, and the concentrations of metals such as chromium (1.97 mg/L), mercury (104.2 mg/L), and zinc (167.25 mg/L) were found exceeding the permissible limits. Several endpoints such as total protein content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, photosynthetic pigment contents, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, including those of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were measured in C. vulgaris in response to treated electroplating industrial effluent (TEPIE). In addition, concentration-dependent morphological changes were also observed in response to TEPIE. Under both acute and chronic TEPIE exposure, increase in the ROS level was observed indicating increased production of ROS in C. vulgaris cells. The total protein and chlorophyll contents were found to be gradually decreasing in an effluent concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, lower concentrations of effluent stimulated the antioxidant enzyme systems. A concentration-dependent increase was observed in both SOD and CAT enzymatic activities. The results indicated toxic impairments by the effluent on the function of C. vulgaris in response to both acute and chronic exposure, indicating an urgent need of proper treatment processes/modification of the existing one of TEPIE, with continuous monitoring of the discharge of the pollutants into the aquatic ecosystems using biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vayampully Ajitha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India; School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-22, Kerala, India
| | - C P Sreevidya
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jeong Ha Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - A Mohandas
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, Kerala, India.
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Lu T, Zhou Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Qian H. Ecotoxicological Effects of Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Pyraclostrobin on Freshwater Aquatic Bacterial Communities. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 103:683-688. [PMID: 31471659 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of the fungicides azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PYR) can have negative effects on aquatic environments, but comprehensive studies on their effect on aquatic microbial communities are still lacking. We found that AZ and PYR could both inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris, but PYR also inhibited Microcystis aeruginosa more strongly than did AZ. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AZ promoted the growth of Cyanobacteria in microcosms, and both PYR and AZ disturbed the ecological balance in the aquatic bacterial community and created distinct ecological risks. Our study suggests that the ecological risk of fungicides is complex, and fungicide use should be better managed to reduce potential risks to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
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40
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Fu D, Zhang Q, Fan Z, Qi H, Wang Z, Peng L. Aged microplastics polyvinyl chloride interact with copper and cause oxidative stress towards microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 216:105319. [PMID: 31586885 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) could pose potential risks to microalgae, the primary producer of marine ecosystems. Currently, few studies focus on the interaction of aged MPs with other pollutants and their toxic effects to microalgae. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate i) the aging of microplastics polyvinyl chloride (mPVC) in simulated seawater and the changes in physical and chemical properties; ii) the effects of single mPVC (virgin and aged) and copper on microalgae Chlorella vulgaris; and iii) the interaction of aged mPVC and copper and the oxidative stress towards C. vulgaris. In this study, some wrinkles, rough and fractured surface textures can be observed on the aged mPVC, accompanying with increased hydroxyl groups and aromatic carbon-carbon double bond but decreased carbon hydrogen bond. It was found that single virgin or aged mPVC at low concentration (10 mg/L) had significant inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris but no inhibition at higher concentration (100, 1,000 mg/L), which can be reasonably explained by the aggregation and precipitation of mPVC at high concentration. The aging of mPVC inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris with the maximum growth inhibition ratio (IR) of 35.26% as compared with that of virgin mPVC (IR = 28.5%). However, the single copper could significantly inhibit the growth of C. vulgaris and the inhibitory effects increased with concentration (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L). Furthermore, both the single aged mPVC (10 mg/L) and copper (0.5 mg/L) caused serious cell damage, although the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the intracellular malonaldehyde (MDA) increased. In contrast to single treatment, the growth of C. vulgaris can be enhanced by the combined group with copper (0.5 mg/L) and aged mPVC (10 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Fu
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Qiongjie Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Zhengquan Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Huaiyuan Qi
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Zezheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China
| | - Licheng Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 PR China.
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Han SI, Kim S, Choi KY, Lee C, Park Y, Choi YE. Control of a toxic cyanobacterial bloom species, Microcystis aeruginosa, using the peptide HPA3NT3-A2. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:32255-32265. [PMID: 31598929 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa, a species of freshwater cyanobacteria, is known to be one of the dominant species causing cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). M. aeruginosa blooms have the potential to produce neurotoxins and peptide hepatotoxins, such as microcystins and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Currently, technologies for CyanoHAB control do not provide any ultimate solution because of the secondary pollution associated with the control measures. In this study, we attempted to use the peptide HPA3NT3-A2, which has been reported to be nontoxic and has antimicrobial properties, for the development of an eco-friendly control against CyanoHABs. HPA3NT3-A2 displayed significant algicidal effects against M. aeruginosa cells. HPA3NT3-A2 induced cell aggregation and flotation (thereby facilitating harvest), inhibited cell growth through sedimentation, and eventually destroyed the cells. HPA3NT3-A2 had no algicidal effect on other microalgal species such as Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris. Additionally, HPA3NT3-A2 was not toxic to Daphnia magna. The algicidal mechanism of HPA3NT3-A2 was intracellular penetration. The results of this study suggest the novel possibility of controlling CyanoHABs using HPA3NT3-A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Han
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Changsu Lee
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE, Bychkov AY, Chivkunova OB, Golovin AV, Gorelova OA, Ismagulova TT, Kulik LV, Lobakova ES, Lukyanov AA, Samoilova RI, Scherbakov PN, Selyakh IO, Semenova LR, Vasilieva SG, Baulina OI, Skulachev MV, Kirpichnikov MP. Cationic penetrating antioxidants switch off Mn cluster of photosystem II in situ. Photosynth Res 2019; 142:229-240. [PMID: 31302832 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (also known as 'Skulachev Ions' electrophoretically accumulated by mitochondria) exert anti-ageing and ROS-protecting effects well documented in animal and human cells. However, their effects on chloroplast in photosynthetic cells and corresponding mechanisms are scarcely known. For the first time, we describe a dramatic quenching effect of (10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on chlorophyll fluorescence, apparently mediated by redox interaction of SkQ1 with Mn cluster in Photosystem II (PSII) of chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris and disabling the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Microalgal cells displayed a vigorous uptake of SkQ1 which internal concentration built up to a very high level. Using optical and EPR spectroscopy, as well as electron donors and in silico molecular simulation techniques, we found that SkQ1 molecule can interact with Mn atoms of the OEC in PSII. This stops water splitting giving rise to potent quencher(s), e.g. oxidized reaction centre of PSII. Other components of the photosynthetic apparatus proved to be mostly intact. This effect of the Skulachev ions might help to develop in vivo models of photosynthetic cells with impaired OEC function but essentially intact otherwise. The observed phenomenon suggests that SkQ1 can be applied to study stress-induced damages to OEC in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
| | - Alexei E Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Andrew Y Bychkov
- Faculty of Geology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga B Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Olga A Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Tatiana T Ismagulova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Leonid V Kulik
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Elena S Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Alexandr A Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Rima I Samoilova
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Pavel N Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Irina O Selyakh
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Larisa R Semenova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Svetlana G Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga I Baulina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Mitoengineering, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
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Babić S, Malev O, Pflieger M, Lebedev AT, Mazur DM, Kužić A, Čož-Rakovac R, Trebše P. Toxicity evaluation of olive oil mill wastewater and its polar fraction using multiple whole-organism bioassays. Sci Total Environ 2019; 686:903-914. [PMID: 31412527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) as a by-product of olive oil extraction process has significant polluting properties mainly related to high organic load, increased COD/BOD ratio, high phenolic content and relatively acidic pH. Raw OMW from Slovenian Istria olive oil mill and its polar fraction were investigated in this study. Chemical characterization of OMW polar fraction identified tyrosol as the most abundant phenolic product, followed by catechol. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of OMW matrix and its polar fraction were tested using a battery of bioassays with model organisms: bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Chlorella vulgaris, water fleas Daphnia magna, zebrafish Danio rerio embryos, clover Trifolium repens and wheat Triticum aestivum. Raw OMW sample was the most toxic to V. fischeri (EC50 = 0.24% of OMW sample final concentration), followed by D. magna (EC50 = 1.43%), C. vulgaris (EC50 = 5.20%), D. rerio (EC50 = 7.05%), seeds T. repens (EC50 = 8.68%) and T. aestivum (EC50 = 11.58%). Similar toxicity trend was observed during exposure to OMW polar fraction, showing EC50 values 2.75-4.11 times lower comparing to raw OMW. Tested samples induced also sub-acute effects to clover and wheat (decreased roots, sprouts elongation); and to zebrafish embryos (increased mortality, higher abnormality rate, decreased hatching and pigmentation formation rate). A comprehensive approach using a battery of bioassays, like those used in this study should be applied during ecotoxicity monitoring of untreated and treated OMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Malev
- Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Department for Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak 100, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maryline Pflieger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biochemistry in Medical Science, Department for Sanitary Engineering, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Albert T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry M Mazur
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anita Kužić
- TAPI/Analytical R&D, Pliva Croatia Ltd., prilaz Baruna Filipovića 28, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Biochemistry in Medical Science, Department for Sanitary Engineering, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Monteiro C, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Venâncio C, Soares SF, Soares AMVM, Trindade T, Lopes I. Effects of long-term exposure to colloidal gold nanorods on freshwater microalgae. Sci Total Environ 2019; 682:70-79. [PMID: 31108270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have shown to pose adverse effects to biota. Whether these effects may be potentiated through prolonged exposure has been rarely studied. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the effects of long-term exposure to sublethal levels of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) coated gold nanorods (Au-NR) on two freshwater microalgae: Chlorella vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata. These algae were exposed to several concentrations of Au-NR for 72 h and, afterwards, to the corresponding EC5,72h, for growth, during 16 days. The sensitivity of the two algae to Au-NR was assessed at days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 (D0, D4, D8, D12 and D16, respectively) after a 72-h exposure to several concentrations of Au-NR. At the end of the assays, effects on yield and population growth rate were evaluated. Raphidocelis subcapitata was slightly more sensitive to Au-NR than C. vulgaris: EC50,72h,D0 for yield were 48.1 (35.3-60.9) and 70.5 (52.4-88.6) μg/L Au-NR, respectively while for population growth rate were above the highest tested concentrations (53 and 90 μg/L, respectively). For R. subcapitata the long-term exposure to Au-NR increased its sensitivity to this type of nanostructures. For C. vulgaris, a decrease on the effects caused by Au-NR occurred over time, with no significant effects being observed for yield or population growth rate at D12 and D16. The capping agent CTAB caused reductions in yield above 30% (D0) for both algae at the concentration matching the one at the highest Au-NR tested concentration. When exposed to CTAB, the highest inhibition values were 69% (D4) and 21.3% (D8) for R. subcapitata, and 64% (D12) and 21% (D16) to C. vulgaris, for yield and population growth rate, respectively. These results suggested long-term exposures should be included in ecological risk assessments since short-term standard toxicity may either under- or overestimate the risk posed by Au-NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Monteiro
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Daniel-da-Silva
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Venâncio
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia F Soares
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tito Trindade
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Chen X, Su L, Yin X, Pei Y. Responses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to boron: Mechanisms of toxicity assessed by multiple endpoints. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 70:103208. [PMID: 31207443 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) has been widely used and contaminated the aquatic ecosystem. However, knowledge of the effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (SPP) on algae remains limited. This study aimed to assess SPP toxicity using multiple endpoints, specially detecting the intracellular metal ion concentrations, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) classes for the very first time during SPP exposure to Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). Our findings indicated that the inhibitory effects of SPP on C. vulgaris may be related to nutrient absorption and utilization. The changes in intracellular starch grains, MDA and the protein-like substances in EPS probably acted as a defense mechanism, helping to alleviate the toxic effects. This work may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of SPP toxicity in algae. Further studies may focus on the effects of B on speciation of metallic ions and the interaction of B with metallic ions on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liya Su
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinan Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Zurita J, Peso AD, Rojas R, Maisanaba S, Repetto G. Integration of fish cell cultures in the toxicological assessment of effluents. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 176:309-320. [PMID: 30951978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pollution by industrial and municipal effluents are major sources of concerns. Fish cell cultures were applied in different strategies of the evaluation of effluents, particularly whole toxicity, toxicity identification evaluation and mode of action studies based in adverse outcome pathways. Whole effluent toxicity was evaluated using a battery of five model systems from four trophic levels: Daphnia magna was the most sensitive system, followed by the hepatoma fish cell line PLHC-1, the bacterium Allivibrio fischeri, the fibroblastic fish cell line RTG-2 and the algae Chlorella vulgaris, detecting a risk of eutrofization. The uptake of neutral red was more sensitive than the content of protein assay. The main morphological alterations observed were cell loss, hydropic degeneration, and a general loss of lysosomes and of their perinuclear distribution. The toxicity was characterized in PLHC-1 cells through toxicity identification evaluation, in which a partial reduction with graduation at pH 11, filtration, aeration and addition of thiosulfate or EDTA was shown; on the other hand, a low sorption in solid phase extraction suggested that the main responsible were not organic compounds. Consequently, it was not necessary to apply an effect directed analysis HPLC fractionation. In the chemical identification phase, Zn, Cd, As, Cu and Pb were quantified in decreasing concentrations. In the toxicity confirmation phase, a reconstituted sample and individual solutions, presented decreasing toxicity: Zn > Pb > As+5 > Cd > Cu > As+3, the global toxicity being explained by response addition. In the last step, the mode of action was investigated using five specific biomarkers. While metallothionein and succinate dehydrogenase activity were increased, no changes occurred for lysosomal function, acetylcholinesterase and EROD activities, the responsibility of the toxicity for the elements found being confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Del Peso
- National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel Rojas
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Graça CAL, Maniero MG, De Andrade LM, Roberto Guimarães J, Teixeira ACSC. Evaluation of amicarbazone toxicity removal through degradation processes based on hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 54:1126-1143. [PMID: 31328643 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1643693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide amicarbazone (AMZ), which appeared as a possible alternative to atrazine, presents moderate environmental persistence and is unlikely to be removed by conventional water treatment techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) driven by •OH and/or SO4•- radicals are then promising alternatives to AMZ-contaminated waters remediation, even though, in some cases, they can originate more toxic degradation products than the parent-compound. Therefore, assessing treated solutions toxicity prior to disposal is of extreme importance. In this study, the toxicity of AMZ solutions, before and after treatment with different •OH-driven and SO4•--driven AOPs, was evaluated for five different microorganisms: Vibrio fischeri, Chlorella vulgaris, Tetrahymena thermophila, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. In general, the toxic response of AMZ was greatly affected by the addition of reactants, especially when persulfate (PS) and/or Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes were added. The modifications of this response after treatment were correlated with AMZ intermediates, which were identified by mass spectrometry. Thus, low molecular weight by-products, resulting from fast degradation kinetics, were associated with increased toxicity to bacteria and trophic effects to microalgae. These observations were compared with toxicological predictions given by a Structure-Activity Relationships software, which revealed to be fairly compatible with our empirical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia A L Graça
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Milena Guedes Maniero
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Guimarães
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos S C Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Wang G, Zhang Q, Li J, Chen X, Lang Q, Kuang S. Combined effects of erythromycin and enrofloxacin on antioxidant enzymes and photosynthesis-related gene transcription in Chlorella vulgaris. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 212:138-145. [PMID: 31125791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple antibiotics are simultaneously detected in aquatic environment, so it is extremely important to study the combined effects of their mixtures. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of erythromycin (ERY) and enrofloxacin (ENR), added individually or in combination, on Chlorella vulgaris and explored the toxic mechanisms. Results showed that the 96 h-EC50 values of ERY, ENR and ERY-ENR mixture to C. vulgaris were 85.7, 124.5 and 39.9 μg L-1 respectively, and combined toxicity assessment found that joint effect of the two antibiotics was synergism, which was proven by the chlorophyll content in algae. Antioxidant defense system and photosynthesis were involved in toxic mechanisms and the results revealed that both the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents increased in antibiotic treatments. In addition, the increase was more significant in joint exposure treatment, which implied that the antioxidant defense system was synergistically affected. RT-PCR showed that ERY and ENR upregulated the transcript abundance of psaB, psbC and chlB at low concentrations and the transcription abundance was synergistically increased in combined treatment. Therefore, the risk of the toxicity of antibiotics to aquatic organisms in real environment both at organismal and molecular level increases as a result of their combined presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China; College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Qiaolin Lang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China.
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Liu C, Liu S, Diao J. Enantioselective growth inhibition of the green algae (Chlorella vulgaris) induced by two paclobutrazol enantiomers. Environ Pollut 2019; 250:610-617. [PMID: 31035143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers of chiral pesticides usually display different toxic effects on non-target organisms in surrounding environment, but there are few studies on its enantioselective toxicity of paclobutrazol to aquatic organisms such as Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). In this study, the enantioselective bioaccumulation and toxicities, such as acute toxicity and oxidative stress, of the racemate, (2S, 3S)-enantiomer (S-enantiomer) and (2R, 3R)-enantiomer (R-enantiomer) of paclobutrazol to the C. vulgaris cells were investigated. The results showed that the algae cells were able to accumulate the paclobutrazol in a short time, while this bioaccumulation had no enantioselective distinction between the two enantiomers during biological metabolism. However, the racemate and two enantiomers of paclobutrazol significantly inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris, displayed different median lethal concentrations. The photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis-related genes as well as antioxidation-related biomarkers in treated C. vulgaris were also investigated. In general, R-enantiomer was found to be more toxic to C. vulgaris cells than its racemate and S-enantiomer. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the R-enantiomer caused more serious changes than S-enantiomer. Moreover, contents of two plant hormones (gibberellin, GA and indoleacetic acid, IAA) were determined in treated C. vulgaris. Higher paclobutrazol concentrations caused lower IAA contents significantly. Nevertheless, the two enantiomers showed no enantioselective effects on the biosynthesis of GA in C. vulgaris. Our results are helpful to understand the enantioselective effects of paclobutrazol enantiomers on non-target organisms, and useful for evaluating their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shangzhong Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, China.
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50
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Xi J, Shao J, Wang Y, Wang X, Yang H, Zhang X, Xiong D. Acute toxicity of triflumizole to freshwater green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 158:135-142. [PMID: 31378349 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triflumizole is one of imidazole fungicides that works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, and is widely used for the control of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. Triflumizole residue has been frequently detected in soil and aquatic ecosystems. While many studies have focused on its toxic effect on terrestrial and aquatic animals, little attention has been paid to aquatic algae, the primary producers of aquatic environments. Therefore, we evaluated the acute (96 h) toxicity effects of triflumizole on the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris, by examining growth, cell morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. The results showed that the 96 h median inhibition concentration (96 h-EC50) was 0.82 mg/L (95% confidential interval 0.70-0.98 mg/L).The growth of algal cells was conspicuously inhibited by triflumizole exposure, and the cell surfaces appeared to be shrunkThe chlorophyll content (including Chl-a, Chl-b and T-Chl) dramatically decreased at triflumizole concentrations of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/L. In addition, the transcript abundance of photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbC and rbcL) showed obvious decreases in above treatments after 96 h of exposure to triflumizole. Moreover, the algal growth inhibition was accompanied by an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content, as well as increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Our findings reveal that triflumizole has potential toxicity to the primary producers (freshwater algae) in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejun Xi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Shao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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