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Li J, Wang F, Sayed MA, Shen X, Zhou L, Liu X, Sun X, Chen S, Wu Y, Lu L, Gong S, Iqbal A, Yang Y. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveal the cold stress responses molecular mechanisms of two coconut varieties. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1353352. [PMID: 38689842 PMCID: PMC11058665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Among tropical fruit trees, coconut holds significant edible and economic importance. The natural growth of coconuts faces a challenge in the form of low temperatures, which is a crucial factor among adverse environmental stresses impacting their geographical distribution. Hence, it is essential to enhance our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms through which cold stress influences various coconut varieties. We employed analyses of leaf growth morphology and physiological traits to examine how coconuts respond to low temperatures over 2-hour, 8-hour, 2-day, and 7-day intervals. Additionally, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses to identify the molecular and physiological shifts in two coconut varieties displaying distinct sensitivities to the cold stress. As the length of cold stress extended, there was a prominent escalation within the soluble protein (SP), proline (Pro) concentrations, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves. Contrariwise, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH) underwent a substantial reduction during this period. The widespread analysis of metabolome and transcriptome disclosed a nexus of genes and metabolites intricately cold stress were chiefly involved in pathways centered around amino acid, flavonoid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. We perceived several stress-responsive metabolites, such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, which unveiled considerably, lower in the genotype subtle to cold stress. Furthermore, we uncovered pivotal genes in the amino acid biosynthesis, antioxidant system and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway that presented down-regulation in coconut varieties sensitive to cold stress. This study broadly enriches our contemporary perception of the molecular machinery that contributes to altering levels of cold stress tolerance amid coconut genotypes. It also unlocks several unique prospects for exploration in the areas of breeding or engineering, aiming to identifying tolerant and/or sensitive coconut varieties encompassing multi-omics layers in response to cold stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Md. Abu Sayed
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - XiaoJun Shen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Lixia Zhou
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Xiwei Sun
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- School of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Lilan Lu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Shufang Gong
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, China
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Debnath P, Das B, Singha S, Kar A, Haldar PK, Sharma N, Mukherjee PK. Quantification of cucurbitacin E in different varieties of melon ( Cucumis melo L.) fruit through validated RP-HPLC method. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1273-1279. [PMID: 36278903 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The different varieties of melons (Cucumis melo L.) have been used in various traditional systems of medicine for decades to treat different ailments, including inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes, edema, etc. The present study was designed for the quantification of cucurbitacin E in five different varieties of melon fruit through a validated RP-HPLC method. A solvent system is being optimized with a 70:30 (v/v) ratio of acetonitrile: water (1% glacial acetic acid) at a 1 mL/min flow rate and scanning spectrum (λmax) of 230 nm. A calibration curve for standard cucurbitacin E was generated and found to be linear (1-100 µg/mL). The variation of cucurbitacin E content among five different varieties of melon fruits is 0.0129% w/w- 0.231% w/w. This precise and reproducible method may be beneficial in addressing the quality-related aspects of medicinal food plants of Cucurbitaceae and its derived products or formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Debnath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Comilla University, Shalmanpur, Bangladesh
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Seha Singha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India), Imphal, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India), Imphal, India
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (An autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India), Imphal, India
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Prasad P, Gupta A, Singh V, Kumar B. Impact of induced mutation-derived genetic variability, genotype and varieties for quantitative and qualitative traits in Mentha species. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:151-160. [PMID: 37755121 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2263595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The genus Mentha spp. is an aromatic herb from the family 'Lamiaceae'. It is extensively predominant in temperate and sub-temperate regions of the world. The essential oil of this species is enriched with broad aroma constituents extensively utilized in food, beverages, flavor, cosmetics, perfumery, and pharmaceutical enterprises. With the global menthol market size estimated to be worth USD 765 million in 2022, India (accompanied by China and Brazil) is the world's primary manufacturer, consumer, and exporter of Mentha oil. Despite prominent global demand, the crucial bottleneck in mint cultivation is the need for more superior commercial cultivars. Predominant vegetative propagation mode with difficulties in manual emasculation, differential blooming times, sterile/sub-sterile hybrids, and low seed viability are the primary containment in creating genetic variability by classical breeding approaches. Therefore, genetic complications encountered in conventional breeding have led the breeders to apply mutation breeding as an alternative crop improvement approach in Mentha spp. These attempts at mutation breeding have produced some distinctive mutants as genetic pools for plant breeding programs, and some novel mutant mint cultivars have been made available for commercial cultivation. CONCLUSIONS The prime strategy in mutation-based breeding has proven an adept means of encouraging the expression of recessive genes and producing new genetic variations. The present review comprises a significant contribution of mutation breeding approaches in the development of mutant mint species and its effects on physiological variation, photosynthetic pigment, essential oil content and composition, phytochemical-mediated defense response, pathogen resistivity, and differential expression of genes related to terpenoid biogenesis. Development and diversification have led to the release of varieties, namely Todd's Mitcham, Murray Mitcham, Pranjal, Tushar, and Kukrail in M. piperita L., Mukta, and Pratik in M. cardiaca Baker, Neera in M. spicata L., Kiran in M. citrata Ehrh., and Rose mint in M. arvensis L. that have revolutionized and uplifted mint cultivation leading to economic gain by the farmers and entrepreneurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prasad
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Akancha Gupta
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vagmi Singh
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Birendra Kumar
- Seed Quality Lab, Plant Breeding & Genetic Resource Conservation Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Que Y, Wu Q, Zhang H, Luo J, Zhang Y. Developing new sugarcane varieties suitable for mechanized production in China: principles, strategies and prospects. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1337144. [PMID: 38259907 PMCID: PMC10802142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1337144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The sugar industry, which relates to people's livelihood, is strategic and fundamental in the development of agricultural economy. In China, sugar derived from sugarcane accounts for approximately 85% of total sugar production. Mechanization is the "flower" of sugarcane industry. As the saying goes "when there are blooming flowers, there will be sweet honey." However, due to limitations in land resources, technology, equipment, organization, and management, mechanization throughout the sugarcane production process has not yet brought about the economic benefits that a mechanized system should provide and has not reached an ideal yield through the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practice. This paper briefly describes how to initiate the mechanization of Chinese sugarcane production to promote the sound, healthy, and rapid development of the sugarcane industry, and how to ultimately achieve the transformation of sugarcane breeding in China and the modernization of the sugarcane industry from three perspectives, namely, requirements of mechanized production for sugarcane varieties, breeding strategies for selecting new sugarcane varieties suitable for mechanized production, and screening for sugarcane varieties that are suitable for mechanization and diversification in variety distribution or arrangement in China. We also highlight the current challenges surrounding this topic and look forward to its bright prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiong Que
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qibin Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuebin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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Fernández A, Martillanes S, Lodolini EM, Martínez M, Arias-Calderón R, Martín-Vertedor D. Effect of elaboration process, crop year and irrigation on acrylamide levels of potential table olive varieties. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7580-7589. [PMID: 37483099 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Table olives are widely consumed in the Mediterranean diet, and several typical Spanish and Portuguese varieties could potentially be used as such. In order to ensure a good-quality product, the effect of different factors such as elaboration processes, irrigation conditions, crop year and their crossover interaction on acrylamide content and antioxidant compounds needs to be deeply studied. RESULTS When looking through irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) presented lower acrylamide levels than rainfed conditions for 'Cordovil de Elvas', 'Picual' and 'Verdeal Alentejana'. No significant interactions were found between the type of irrigation and elaboration style for 'Arbequina' and 'Koroneiki' varieties. Although RDI had the largest concentration of total phenols, antioxidant activity was also the highest. The table olives harvested in the crop year of 2019 showed lower levels of acrylamide due to a significant relationship between the crop year and irrigation conditions. CONCLUSIONS Novel varieties to be marketed should be taken into consideration for table olive elaboration. The impact of the crop year on the bioactive value of table olives and crossover interactions relies strongly in climatological conditions. Last but not least, the benefit of selecting the best irrigation and elaboration methods is crucial to ensure desirable acrylamide levels. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernández
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sara Martillanes
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Enrico Maria Lodolini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crop, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Research Institute of Agricultural Resources (INURA), Campus Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Martín-Vertedor
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (CICYTEX-INTAEX), Junta of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Research Institute of Agricultural Resources (INURA), Campus Universitario, Badajoz, Spain
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Chen E, Qin L, Li F, Yang Y, Liu Z, Wang R, Yu X, Niu J, Zhang H, Wang H, Liu B, Guan Y. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insights into Low Nitrogen Stress in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16321. [PMID: 38003509 PMCID: PMC10671652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) is an important food and forage crop that is well adapted to nutrient-poor soils. However, our understanding of how different LN-tolerant foxtail millet varieties adapt to long-term low nitrogen (LN) stress at the physiological and molecular levels remains limited. In this study, two foxtail millet varieties with contrasting LN tolerance properties were investigated through analyses of physiological parameters and transcriptomics. The physiological results indicate that JG20 (high tolerance to LN) exhibited superior biomass accumulation both in its shoots and roots, and higher nitrogen content, soluble sugar concentration, soluble protein concentration, zeatin concentration in shoot, and lower soluble sugar and soluble protein concentration in its roots compared to JG22 (sensitive to LN) under LN, this indicated that the LN-tolerant foxtail millet variety can allocate more functional substance to its shoots to sustain aboveground growth and maintain high root activity by utilizing low soluble sugar and protein under LN conditions. In the transcriptomics analysis, JG20 exhibited a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to JG22 in both its shoots and roots in response to LN stress. These LN-responsive genes were enriched in glycolysis metabolism, photosynthesis, hormone metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, in the shoots, the glutamine synthetase gene SiGS5, chlorophyll apoprotein of photosystem II gene SiPsbQ, ATP synthase subunit gene Sib, zeatin synthesis genes SiAHP1, and aldose 1-epimerase gene SiAEP, and, in the roots, the high-affinity nitrate transporter genes SiNRT2.3, SiNRT2.4, glutamate synthase gene SiGOGAT2, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene SiFBA5, were important genes involved in the LN tolerance of the foxtail millet variety. Hence, our study implies that the identified genes and metabolic pathways contribute valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying LN tolerance in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erying Chen
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Ling Qin
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Feifei Li
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Yanbing Yang
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Runfeng Wang
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiao Yu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jiahong Niu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Huawen Zhang
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Hailian Wang
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Yanan Guan
- Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (E.C.); (L.Q.); (F.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (R.W.); (H.Z.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.Y.); (J.N.)
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Kunnam J, Pinta W, Ruttanaprasert R, Bunphan D, Thabthimtho T, Aninbon C. Stability of Phenols, Antioxidant Capacity and Grain Yield of Six Rice Genotypes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2787. [PMID: 37570941 PMCID: PMC10421503 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment is the main factor affecting variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of grain yield, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of six rice genotypes. Six rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at three locations in Trat, Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon provinces in July-October 2019. Data on grain yield, yield components, total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant capacity were recorded. Grain yield was highest for crops grown in Bangkok, whereas antioxidant activity was highest for crops grown in Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon. Hom Nang Nual 1 and Mali Nil Boran had the highest grain yield. Riceberry had the highest grain yield in Trat; it also had high levels of total phenolic compounds, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity. Mali Nil Boran, Mali Nil Surin and Riceberry had the most stable total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity, respectively. Information on the levels and variability of phytochemicals in rice enables the selection of genotypes with high and stabile phytochemicals for production and rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthathip Kunnam
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (J.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Wanwipa Pinta
- Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand;
| | - Ruttanachira Ruttanaprasert
- Department of Plant Science, Textile and Design, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin 32000, Thailand;
| | - Darika Bunphan
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Thanasin Thabthimtho
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (J.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Chorkaew Aninbon
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; (J.K.); (T.T.)
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Gościniak A, Szulc P, Zielewicz W, Walkowiak J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Multidirectional Effects of Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) in Support of Menopause Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:5178. [PMID: 37446841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Red clover is a raw material of interest primarily due to its isoflavone content. However, other groups of compounds may affect the pleiotropic biological effects of this raw material. It is used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, but the fact that there are many varieties of this plant that can be grown makes it necessary to compare the biological activity and phytochemical composition of this plant. Also of interest are the differences between the leaves and flowers of the plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of the leaves and flowers of six clover varieties-'Tenia', 'Atlantis', 'Milena', 'Magellan', 'Lemmon' and 'Lucrum'-with respect to their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, lipase, collagenase and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the contents of polyphenols and the four main isoflavones-genistein, daidzein, biochanin and formononetin-were assessed. The study was complemented by testing for permeability through a model membrane system (PAMPA). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified a relationship between activity and the content of active compounds. It was concluded that antioxidant activity, inhibition of glucosidase, collagenase and lipase are not correlated with isoflavone content. A higher content of total polyphenols (TPC) was determined in the flowers of red clover while a higher content of isoflavones was determined in the leaves of almost every variety. The exception is the 'Lemmon' variety, characterized by high isoflavone content and high activity in the tests conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gościniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Waldemar Zielewicz
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Jiang H, Duan W, Zhao Y, Liu X, Wen G, Zeng F, Liu G. Development of a Flavor Fingerprint Using HS-GC-IMS for Volatile Compounds from Steamed Potatoes of Different Varieties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112252. [PMID: 37297496 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The variations in flavor substances across different varieties of steamed potatoes were determined by headspace-gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with sensory evaluation. Results showed that 63 representative compounds, including 27 aldehydes, 14 alcohols, 12 ketones, 4 esters, 2 furans, 1 acid and others, together acted as contributors to the flavors in steamed potatoes. Analysis found that species and concentrations of aldehydes, alcohols and ketones in six varieties were the most abundant. In addition, esters, furans and acid were also responsible for flavor. PCA results showed that volatile compounds in Atlantic, Longshu No. 23, Longshu No. 7 and Longshu No. 14 were similar, while Russet Burbank and Longshu No. 16 had distinct characteristic volatiles, which was consistent with sensory evaluation. The combination of sensory evaluation and HS-GC-IMS provided useful knowledge for charactering volatile compounds of steamed potatoes from different varieties, and also demonstrated the promising application of HS-GC-IMS in the detection of potato flavor with various cooking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wensheng Duan
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yuci Zhao
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Guohong Wen
- Potato Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fankui Zeng
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Research & Development Center for Eco-Material and Eco-Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
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Tziouvalekas M, Tigka E, Kargiotidou A, Beslemes D, Irakli M, Pankou C, Arabatzi P, Aggelakoudi M, Tokatlidis I, Mavromatis A, Qin R, Noulas C, Vlachostergios DN. Seed Yield, Crude Protein and Mineral Nutrients of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated across Diverse Environments under Organic and Conventional Farming. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3328. [PMID: 36501365 PMCID: PMC9735441 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is an important legume crop for human and animal dietary needs due to its high nutritional value. The effect of genotype and growing environment was studied on seed yield (SY), crude protein (CP) and mineral nutrients (macro and micronutrients) of five lentil genotypes grown at four diverse locations for two consecutive years under organic and conventional farming. The location within each year was considered as a separate environment (E). Data were subjected to over environment two-way analysis of variance, while a genotype (G) plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis was performed. Our results indicated the E as the main source of variation (62.3-99.8%) for SY, CP and macronutrients for both farming systems, while for micronutrients it was either the E or the G × E interaction. Different environments were identified as ideal for the parameters studied: E6 (Larissa/Central Greece/2020) produced the higher CP values (organic: 32.0%, conventional: 27.5%) and showed the highest discriminating ability that was attributed to the lowest precipitation during the crucial period of pod filling. E7 (Thessaloniki/Central Macedonia/2020) and E8 (Orestiada/Thrace/2020) had fertile soils and ample soil moisture and were the most discriminating for high micronutrient content under both farming systems. Location Orestiada showed the highest SY for both organic (1.87-2.28 t ha-1) and conventional farming (1.56-2.89 t ha-1) regardless the year of cultivation and is proposed as an ideal location for lentil cultivation or for breeding for high SY. Genotypes explained a low percentage of the total variability; however, two promising genotypes were identified. Cultivar "Samos" demonstrated a wide adaptation capacity exhibiting stable and high SY under both organic and conventional farming, while the red lentil population "03-24L" showed very high level of seed CP, Fe and Mn contents regardless E or farming system. This genetic material could be further exploited as parental material aiming to develop lentil varieties that could be utilized as "functional" food or consist of a significant feed ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miltiadis Tziouvalekas
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tigka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kargiotidou
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Beslemes
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 41335 Larissa, Greece
- ALFA SEEDS SA, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Irakli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Pankou
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 41335 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Parthena Arabatzi
- Laboratory of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Aggelakoudi
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tokatlidis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Mavromatis
- Laboratory of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ruijun Qin
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA
| | - Christos Noulas
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DEMETER, 41335 Larissa, Greece
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11
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Xing Y, Liao X, Wu H, Qiu J, Wan R, Wang X, Yi R, Xu Q, Liu X. Comparison of Different Varieties on Quality Characteristics and Microbial Activity of Fresh-Cut Pineapple during Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182788. [PMID: 36140915 PMCID: PMC9497531 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the quality and storage characteristics of four pineapple varieties to select those displaying adequate storage resistance and those suitable for freshly cut processing. Four varieties of pineapple, namely Tainong No.16, Tainong No.17, Tainong No.11, and Bali, were used to analyze the quality differences in freshly cut pineapple during storage by measuring the quality, physiological indicators, and total microbial count. The results indicated that the nutritional quality and storability of freshly cut pineapples differed significantly among the varieties. During refrigeration at 4 °C, Tainong No.11 and Bali displayed the shortest storage period of 4 d, while Tainong No.17 and Tainong No.16 presented storage periods of 5 d and 6 d, respectively. A sensory evaluation indicated that the Tainong No.16 variety was superior in terms of consumer preference, while the Bali slices were generally rated lower than the other cultivars. Additionally, the sensory properties, weight loss, firmness, and ascorbic acid (AA) content of Tainong No.16 changed the least during storage, with values of 60.75%, 6.48%, 75.15%, and 20.44%, respectively. Overall, the quality order of the four varieties of freshly cut pineapples during storage was: Tainong No.16 > Tainong No.17 > Tainong No.11 > Bali. Moreover, two-way ANOVA showed that the main effect of variety and storage time on the storage quality of fresh-cut pineapple was significant (p < 0.05). The interaction effect of variety and storage time on other quality characteristics of fresh-cut pineapple was significant (p < 0.05) except for Titratable acid (TA) and AA. In conclusion, Tainong No.16 displayed higher storage potential than the other varieties. The results of this work provide application possibilities to promote the successful processing of pineapple cultivars as freshly cut produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Xing
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xingmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Rufeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Rumeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Qinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Non Thermal Processing, Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Non Thermal Processing, Yibin Xihua University Research Institute, Yibin 644004, China
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12
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Wang Y, Wu J, Sun P, Chen C, Shen J. Community Structure of Phyllosphere Bacteria in Different Cultivars of Fingered Citron ( Citrus medica 'Fingered') and Their Correlations With Fragrance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:936252. [PMID: 35909778 PMCID: PMC9335054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, plant metabolomics and microbiome studies have suggested that the synthesis and secretion of plant secondary metabolites are affected by microbial-host symbiotic interactions. In this study, six varieties of fingered citron (Citrus medica 'Fingered') are sampled to study their phyllosphere bacterial communities and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). High-throughput sequencing is used to sequence the V5-V7 region of the 16S rRNA of the fingered citron phyllosphere bacteria, and the results showed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phylum in the phyllosphere of fingered citron. There were significant differences in the phyllosphere bacteria community between XiuZhen and the remaining five varieties. The relative abundance of Actinomycetospora was highest in XiuZhen, and Halomonas, Methylobacterium, Nocardioides, and Pseudokineococcus were also dominant. Among the remaining varieties, Halomonas was the genus with the highest relative abundance, while the relative abundances of all the other genera were low. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze and identify the aroma compounds of six different fingered citron, and a total of 76 aroma compounds were detected in six varieties. Pinene, geraniol, and linalool were found to be the primary VOCs that affect the aroma of fingered citron based on relative odor activity value. The correlation analysis showed 55 positive and 60 negative correlations between the phyllosphere bacterial flora and aroma compounds of fingered citron. The top 10 genera in the relative abundance were all significantly associated with aroma compounds. This study provides deep insight into the relation between bacteria and VOCs of fingered citron, and this may better explain the complexity of the analysis of bacterial and metabolic interactions.
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Younas A, Yousaf Z, Riaz N, Rashid M, Aftab A, Fiaz S, Shamsheer B, Huang S. Effect of Qiangdi 863 Nanosynergids Treated Water, Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium Fertilizers on Rice Growth Physiology and Grain Quality. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:916949. [PMID: 35909737 PMCID: PMC9334000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.916949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging technique that helps in solving the biotic and abiotic agricultural issues leading to enhance crop productivity. Therefore, it was hypothesized to check the effect of Qiangdi 863 nano synergids biological-assisted growth apparatus and nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers improving rice germination, early growth, physiology, and yield. An experiment was performed on five rice varieties for three consecutive years (2017-2019). The nanosynergids-treated water (NTW) significantly improved the speed of germination (25.3, 35.6, and 32.3%), final emergence percentage (100%) and seed emergence energy percentage (80, 95, and 90%), radical (1.25, 1.7, and 2.35 cm) and plumule growth (1.29, 1.24, and 1.66 cm), soil plant analysis development (46, 45, and 47), antioxidant enzymatic activities, such as catalase activity (34,376 μg-1FW h-1, 33,264 μg-1FW h-1, and 34,453 μg-1F W h-1), superoxide dismutase (18,456 μg-1F W h-1, 19,445 μg-1F W h-1, and 19,954 μg-1F W h-1), peroxide (745 Ug-1F W, 734 Ug-1F W, and 752 Ug-1F W), production and declined malondialdehyde (4.5 μmolg-1F W, 5.1 μmolg-1F W, and 4.2 μmolg-1F W) for all years respectively in KSK 133. The application of nano-treated irrigated water enriched the biomass of rice seedlings. The overall nano synergid treatments successfully enhanced the endogenous hormones as salicylic acid (6,016.27 p mol/L, 5823.22 p mol/L, and 5922.12 p mol/L), jasmonates (JA) (5,175.6 p mol/L, 4231 p mol/L, and 5014.21 p mol/L) brassinosteroids (BR) (618.2 p mol/L, 546.83 p mol/L, and 582.1 p mol/L) quantification and yield 1000 grain weight (22.3, 22, and 23.2 g) of KSK 133. Hence, the overall results proved that NTW could effectively enhance the early growth and yield of rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifa Younas
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Riaz
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Rashid
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shamsheer
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shiwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Wang L, Wu J, Huang H, Huang W, Wang P, Chen J. Coloration mechanisms of fresh sugarcane juice: Investigating the critical components and enzyme activity. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1552-1562. [PMID: 35257376 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The color of sugarcane juice has a great influence on the preferences of consumers. The contents of pigments, sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant activities, and color differences among juices produced from four sugarcane varieties were investigated in this study. The data suggested that variety played an important role in the color and chemicophysical properties of sugarcane juice. The color of four varieties of sugarcane juice varied from greenish yellow to light brown. Bamboo cane juice and black rind sugarcane juice presented similar color properties and both had high contents of phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant activities. Yellow rind sugarcane juice with higher value of L* (26.10) and more pigment contents than the other varieties was attractive. Sucrose, glucose, β-alanine, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isochlorogenic acid, DPPH, and polyphenol oxidase activity had positive correlations with a* value. The effects of organic acids on color were limited. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrated the relationships between color parameters and contents of pigments, sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, enzyme activities, and antioxidant activities of sugarcane juice. This could help to find out the coloration mechanisms of sugarcane juice. Our manuscript created a paradigm for future studies on color control during juice processing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huimei Huang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiebo Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Kulikov IM, Evdokimenko SN, Tumaeva TA, Kelina AV, Sazonov FF, Andronova NV, Podgaetsky MA. Scientific support of small fruit growing in Russia and prospects for its development. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 25:414-419. [PMID: 35088013 PMCID: PMC8765773 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is possible to achieve the target indices of the Russian Doctrine of Food Security (self-sufficiency in
fruits and berries should be at least 60 %) by combining the competencies of science and business. At present,
hundreds of varieties of small fruit crops are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted
for Use. Domestic breeders have obtained substantial results; the share of their assortment is 79–100 %. Federal
Research Center of Horticulture (Moscow) (101 pcs.), Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnology (Barnaul)
(85 pcs.), Michurin Federal Research Center (Michurinsk) (42 pcs.) are the leaders in the number of created hybrids
and varieties. Over the past five years, 133 new breeding achievements of traditional small fruit crops have been
submitted to the State variety testing, the originators of which are research institutions, private companies and
individuals. The creation of modern seed-breeding (nursery-breeding) centers (SBC) on the basis of leading specialized research institutions is expected to be the solution to the problems of modern breeding and nursery breeding
and to give impetus to the development of domestic small fruit growing. The research programs of the SBC involve
an integrated approach that combines the knowledge and capabilities of researchers from different disciplines, the
concentration of a complex analytical instrument base in the Centers of collective use, the using of biotechnological and molecular genetic research, along with traditional methods of breeding. An analysis of the achievements
in small fruit growing in research institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation revealed a huge scientific potential (genetic collections, hybrid funds) for creating
competitive commercial varieties and technologies for their cultivation by establishing plantations with certified
planting material in accordance with international requirements. Information from literary sources indicates that
one of the main criteria for the value of varieties is resistance to harmful viral diseases. The cultivation of such varieties will reduce the cost of producing planting material for small fruit crops of the highest quality categories. In the
near future, the most relevant areas for the breeding of small fruit crops will be: breeding for resistance to the most
harmful viruses, winter hardiness, increased transportability and long-term post-harvest storage of fruits, suitability
for mechanized cultivation, high content of biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Kulikov
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Evdokimenko
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Tumaeva
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Kelina
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
| | - F F Sazonov
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Andronova
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Podgaetsky
- Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Deme T, Haki GD, Retta N, Woldegiorgis A, Geleta M. Fatty Acid Profile, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Niger Seed ( Guizotia abyssinica) and Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum). Front Nutr 2021; 8:674882. [PMID: 34409060 PMCID: PMC8364974 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition and antioxidant content are major determinants of vegetable oil quality. Antioxidants are important food components, and there is an increasing interest of replacing synthetic antioxidants with those from natural sources for food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate fatty acid composition, total phenolic, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, and antioxidant capacity of different varieties of two oilseed crops. Five niger seed and eight linseed varieties were used. For the analysis of fatty acid composition of the seed oil, gas chromatography method was used. Standard methods were used for total phenolic, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, and antioxidant properties. In niger seed oil, linoleic acid (C18:2) was the dominant fatty acid, accounting for 73.3% (variety Esete) to 76.8% (variety Ginchi) of the total fatty acids. In linseed oil, linolenic acid (C18:3) was the dominant fatty acid accounting for 55.7 (variety Chilalo) to 60.1 (variety Belaye-96). The total phenolic content ranged from 22.4 mg GAE/g (variety Esete) to 27.9 mg GAE/g (variety Ginchi) in niger seed and from 20.5 mg GAE/g (variety Belay-96) to 25.4 mg GAE/g (variety Ci-1525) in linseed. In niger seed, variety Fogera had the highest values for FRAP and radical scavenging activity. The carotenoid content also showed significant variation among the varieties ranging from 2.57 (Esete) to 8.08 (Kuyu) μmol/g for niger and 4.13 (Tole) to 8.66 (Belay-96) μmol/g for linseed. The FRAP assay showed that variety Fogera of niger seed and variety Chilalo of linseed came on top among their respective varieties with values of 57.2 and 30.6, respectively. Both niger seed and linseed were shown to be rich in bioactive compounds. However, significant variation was observed among the varieties of each crop and among the two crops in their total phenolic and carotenoid contents as well as ferric reducing potential and radical scavenging capacity. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of more than one group in both niger seed and linseed. Hence, genetic variation among the varieties should be utilized for improving their desirable characteristics through breeding. Both oil crops can be used as the source of antioxidants for replacing synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Deme
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gulelat D Haki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gabarone, Botswana
| | - Nigussie Retta
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashagrie Woldegiorgis
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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17
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Watts ES, Rose SP, Mackenzie AM, Pirgozliev VR. Investigations into the chemical composition and nutritional value of single-cultivar rapeseed meals for broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:1-13. [PMID: 34132153 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1930455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to 1) investigate the influence of rapeseed cultivar on the range of variation in the chemical composition and feed value of rapeseed meals (RSM) for broilers and 2) to compare between single-cultivar RSM and a batch of UK-sourced proprietary rapeseed meal. Chemical composition was determined for a total of 10 single-cultivar RSM produced via prepressed solvent-extraction and a proprietary RSM. To investigate RSM digestibility a total of 360 birds were housed, six birds per pen, and between day 13 to 21 of age they received a diet containing per kg 250 g RSM and 750 g basal feed based on wheat and soybean meal. Titaniumdioxide (7 g/kg) was added as an inert marker. For the determination nitrogen-corrected metabolisable energy (AMEn) total excreta and feed intake were quantified over the last 4 d of the experiment. On the final day of the experiment ileal digesta were collected for determination of preceacal crude protein digestibility (pcCPD). With the exception of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), glucosinolates and soluble non-starch polysaccharides the coefficients of variation (CV%) for all major components were similar across all RSM (0.5 < CV% < 0.6). Glucosinolate contents were highest in the 10 single-cultivar RSM whereas NDF levels were greater in the proprietary RSM. Across the 10 single-cultivar RSM there was no significant effect of cultivar on AMEn or pcCPD. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts indicated that the mean AMEn content and pcCPD of the proprietary RSM was significantly lower than the 10 single-cultivar RSM (p < 0.001). In view of the above, processing rather than cultivar appears to be the main driver of nutritional value in RSM fed to broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilea Sarah Watts
- The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, UK
| | - Stephen Paul Rose
- The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University, Shropshire, UK
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Tkachenko K, Kosareva I, Frontasyeva M. The Influence of Manganese on Growth Processes of Hordeum L. (Poaceae) Seedlings. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1009. [PMID: 34069349 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese, as one of the xenobionts, belongs to the group of heavy metals, which, in high concentrations, can negatively affect the development of plants. In small concentrations, it is necessary for plants for normal growth and development. It is present in soils and is available to plants to varying degrees. In acidic soils, it often acts as a toxic element, and plants do not develop well and can even die. Screening major crops for manganese tolerance is essential. Based on the analysis of the collection of barley (Hordeum L., Poaceae), the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) presented data that manganese-tolerant varieties and samples are concentrated in western and northern countries with a wide distribution of soils with low pH levels and high contents of mobile manganese. It follows from the diagnostic results that the maximum number of barley genotypes resistant to manganese is concentrated in Sweden, Finland, the northwestern and northern regions of the CIS countries, and the Russian Federation. In most cases, the samples tolerant to Al showed resistance to Mn as well, which is of great interest for further study of the mechanisms of plant resistance to these stressors. As a rule, samples from the northern territories-zones of distribution of acidic soils-were highly resistant. In this case, the role of the species belonging to the sample was leveled out. The highlighted areas (Scandinavia (Finland, Sweden), northern and northwestern regions of Russia, Belarus, and the Baltic countries) are sources of germplasm valuable for selection for acid resistance of barley.
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Zi X, Li M, Yu D, Tang J, Zhou H, Chen Y. Natural Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community of 12 Pennisetum sinese Varieties in Southern China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:627820. [PMID: 33995292 PMCID: PMC8116707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.627820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the fermentation quality of 12 varieties of Pennisetum sinese grown in different regions of Southern China. Following the production of silage from the natural fermentation of P. sinese, the interplay between the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, environmental factors, and microbiome was examined to understand the influence of these factors on the fermentation quality of silage. The silage quality produced by most of the P. sinese was low; the pH value of the silage was high (4.26–4.86), whilst the lactic acid content was low (10.7–24.1 g/kg DM), with V-scores between 57.9 and 78.3. The bacterial alpha diversities of the 12 P. sinese silages were distinct. There was a predominance of undesirable bacteria (Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Raoultella), which likely caused the poor fermentation quality. The chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of the silage were closely correlated with the composition of the bacterial community. Furthermore, environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, humidity, location) were found to significantly influence the microbiome of the silage. The results confirmed that silage produced from the natural fermentation of 12 different P. sinese varieties had significant variation in their bacterial communities. The difference in environmental factors, due to the P. sinese being grown in various locations across south china, greatly affected the bacterial community found in the silage and thus the fermentation quality. The specific cultivar used for the silage and the environment in which the cultivar is grown must therefore be considered before the initiation of production of silage in order to ensure a higher quality product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Mao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, China.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Daogeng Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
| | - Yeyuan Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
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20
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Boudaoud S, Sicard D, Suc L, Conéjéro G, Segond D, Aouf C. Ferulic acid content variation from wheat to bread. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2446-2457. [PMID: 34026062 PMCID: PMC8116856 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health-promoting effects of whole-grain consumption have been attributed in a large part to the phytochemical profile of the wheat grain, and particularly to the bioactive molecules present in bran. This study shed light on the impact of human practices, especially harvesting sites (terroirs) and wheat species and varieties, as well as bread-making conditions on the variation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial ferulic acid (FA) content. FA concentration in the bran of wheat species (durum and bread wheat) and varieties (Chevalier, Renan, Redon, Saint Priest le vernois rouge, Bladette de Provence, Pireneo, Rouge de Bordeaux, LA1823, Claudio et Bidi17) harvested in five sites in France on 2015 and 2017, has been evaluated. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in FA content for wheat varieties and terroirs. During bread making, baking and type of leaven impacted the FA content of dough and bread. The differences were not due to the type of fermentation (sourdough/commercial yeast) but rather to the diversity of fermenting microbial strains and flour used for backslopping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Boudaoud
- UMR 1083SPOUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Delphine Sicard
- UMR 1083SPOUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Lucas Suc
- UMR 1083SPOUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Diego Segond
- UMR 1083SPOUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Chahinez Aouf
- UMR 1208 IATEUniv MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance
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21
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Pekarcik AJ, Jacobson AL. Evaluating Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Population Dynamics, Feeding Injury, and Grain Yield Among Commercial Sorghum Varieties in Alabama. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:757-768. [PMID: 33595638 PMCID: PMC8042763 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), emerged as a severe pest of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.), in Texas and Louisiana in 2013 and currently threatens nearly all sorghum production in the United States. Proper management of populations is critical as sugarcane aphid has a high reproductive potential and can rapidly damage plants, resulting in extensive yield losses. The overall objective of this work was to investigate sugarcane aphid population dynamics, and subsequent sorghum injury and grain yield on commercially available grain sorghum varieties in Alabama. This research includes three-site years of data that show variation in plant injury, physiological maturity, and yields among varieties tested. Although performance of each variety was variable among locations, potentially due to abiotic factors, four varieties including DKS 37-07, 1G588, 1G855, and 83P17 exhibited characteristics consistent with resistance and corroborates reports of resistance from other states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Pekarcik
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL , USA
| | - Alana L Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL , USA
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Solovyeva AE, Shelenga TV, Shavarda AL, Burlyaeva MO. Comparative analysis of wild and cultivated Lathyrus L. species to assess their content of sugars, polyols, free fatty acids, and phytosterols. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:730-737. [PMID: 33738389 PMCID: PMC7960445 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the condition of climate change, the need for crops resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses is increasing.
Lathyrus spp. are characterized by a high nutritional value of their green biomass. The grass pea is one of
the most resistant to drought, waterlogging, cold, salinity, diseases and pests among cultivated legumes, and it is
grown at minimal cost. The creation of new Lathyrus L. sorts with an improved nutrient composition of nutrients
will allow to obtain high-quality feed in areas with extremely unstable weather conditions. In this connection, we
studied the patterns of variability in the parameters of the carbohydrate complex (sugars, their lactone and methyl
forms), polyols (including phenol-containing alcohols), phytosterols, free fatty acids (FFA) and acylglycerols in the
green mass of 32 samples of Lathyrus sativus L., L. tuberosus L., L. sylvestris L., L. vernus (L.) Bernh., L. latifolius L.,
L. linifolius (Reichard) Bassler. from the VIR collection, reproduced in the Leningrad region in contrasting conditions
2012, 2013.The content of identified compounds varied depending on the genotype, species, and weather
conditions. High temperatures and high level of precipitation in 2013 contributed to the accumulation of monosaccharides,
in more colder and drier conditions in 2012 – oligosaccharides, most of polyols and FFA. The cultivated
species (L. sativus) was distinguished by its high sugar content, and the wild species as follows: L. latifolius by FFA;
L. linifolius by ononitol, myo-inositol, and glycerol 3-phosphate; L. vernus by MAG and methylpentofuranoside. The
species cultivated in culture (L. sativus) was distinguished by a high sugar content, wild species: L. latifolius – by FFA,
L. linifolius – ononitol, myo-inositol and glycerol-3-phosphate, L. vernus – MAG and methylpentofuranoside. According
to our results, the studied samples are promising for the selection of Lathyrus varieties with high nutrition
quality and stress-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Solovyeva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Shelenga
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A L Shavarda
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M O Burlyaeva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
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Sun R, Yuan X, Li J, Tao X, Dong Z, Shao T. Contributions of epiphytic microbiota on the fermentation characteristics and microbial composition of ensiled six whole crop corn varieties. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1683-1694. [PMID: 33710709 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study is aimed to reveal the variations in epiphytic microbial composition among six whole crop corn (WCC) varieties and their contributions on ensiling characteristics and microbial composition of WCC silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Six WCC varieties (JS06, YS23, BS20, JS39, JS40 and JS26) were ensiled for 90 days. All WCC varieties were well fermented with low pH value (<4·0) and high LA (73·6-124 g kg-1 DM, dry matter) concentration. Of six varieties, JS40 had the highest LA (124 g kg-1 DM) concentration, which was supported by highest relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Pantoea was the most dominant epiphytic bacteria in all fresh WCC varieties; however, the secondary dominant genera among six WCC were absolutely difference. Lactobacillus became predominant genus in 90-day silages except YS23. YS23 kept the more bacterial genus from fresh to 90-day silages than other silages, meanwhile Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were the dominant bacteria in YS23 silages. CONCLUSIONS Among six WCC varieties, JS40 silage had the highest LA. The variations in epiphytic microbiomes among fresh WCC affected terminal microbial community of 90-day silages. There were differences in fermentation characteristics among six WCC varieties, which might be partly attributed to variations in epiphytic microbiomes among fresh WCC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study not only enriches the research on microbial communities of plant phyllosphere but also provides theoretical basis for selecting WCC varieties and inoculants for the forage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sun
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Vishnyakova MA, Kushnareva AV, Shelenga TV, Egorova GP. Alkaloids of narrow-leaved lupine as a factor determining alternative ways of the crop's utilization and breeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:625-635. [PMID: 33659848 PMCID: PMC7716546 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), a valuable leguminous crop adapted to a wide range of
climatic conditions, has a very short history of domestication. For many centuries it was used mainly as a green
manure, since the success and prospects of the multi-purpose use of the species depend on its breeding improvement,
in particular, on a particular concentration of alkaloids in seeds and green mass. The first varieties of scientific
breeding were created only in the 1930s after the appearance of low-alkaloid mutants. Despite wide prospects
for use in various areas of the national economy, unstable productivity and susceptibility to diseases hinder the
production of this crop. Obviously, breeders deal only with a small part of the gene pool of the species and limited
genetic resources, using mainly low-alkaloid (sweet) genotypes to create new varieties. The genetic potential of
the species can be used more efficiently. At the same time, it is rational to create highly alkaloid (bitter) varieties
for green manure, while food and feed varieties
should not lose their adaptive potential, in particular, resistance to
pathogens, due to the elimination of alkaloids. In this regard, it seems to be a productive idea to create ‘bitter/sweet’
varieties combining a high content of alkaloids in the vegetative organs and low in seeds, which can be achieved
by regulating the synthesis/transport of alkaloids in the plant. The paper discusses the current state of use of the
species as a green manure, fodder, food plant. Information is given on the quantity and qualitative composition of
narrow-leaved lupine alkaloids, their applied value, in particular, fungicidal, antibacterial, insecticidal, the use of
lupine alkaloids as active principles of drugs. Along with promising breeding considerations, the possibility of using
technologies for processing raw high-alkaloid materials with the accompanying extraction of valuable ingredients
for pharmaceuticals is discussed. Information is briefly presented about the genomic resources of the species and
the prospects for their use in marker-assistant selection and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vishnyakova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Kushnareva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Shelenga
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G P Egorova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
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Chijioke U, Madu T, Okoye B, Ogunka AP, Ejechi M, Ofoeze M, Ogbete C, Njoku D, Ewuziem J, Kalu C, Onyemauwa N, Ukeje B, Achonwa O, Forsythe L, Fliedel G, Egesi C. Quality attributes of fufu in South-East Nigeria: guide for cassava breeders. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021; 56:1247-1257. [PMID: 33776233 PMCID: PMC7986842 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fufu is a popular traditional fermented wet paste food product from cassava. We examined consumer preferences and quality attributes of fufu in Abia and Imo States of South-East Nigeria, with special attention to gender differences, for the purpose of providing guidance to breeders. Data were analysed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Participants for the interview were randomly selected from a list of farmers in the study area. Individual (II) interviews were conducted among eighty participants comprising twenty-six men (32.5%) and fifty-four women (67.5%). Preferences along the food chain from raw roots to final product were also obtained. Major traits influencing gender-specific consumer preferences are related to appearance, texture and smell. Smoothness, not sticky, easy to swallow and drawability of fufu appear to be major traits that drive acceptance by both men and women. Big roots and smooth skin are prioritised for raw material. Some quality characteristics are conditioned largely by variety traits, while others can be modified by adjusting the processing methods. The complexity of producing high-quality fufu makes it imperative to introduce a multidisciplinary approach into breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chijioke
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Tessy Madu
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Benjamin Okoye
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | | | - Mercy Ejechi
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Miriam Ofoeze
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Chukwudi Ogbete
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Damian Njoku
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Justin Ewuziem
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Confidence Kalu
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | | | - Blessing Ukeje
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Oluchi Achonwa
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
| | - Lora Forsythe
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUK
| | - Geneviève Fliedel
- CIRADUMR QUALISUDMontpellierF‐34398France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univd'AvignonUniv de La RéunionMontpellier34398France
| | - Chiedozie Egesi
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Umudike, UmuahiaNigeria
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadIbadanNigeria
- Department of Global DevelopmentCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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26
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Ndjouenkeu R, Ngoualem Kegah F, Teeken B, Okoye B, Madu T, Olaosebikan OD, Chijioke U, Bello A, Oluwaseun Osunbade A, Owoade D, Takam‐Tchuente NH, Biaton Njeufa E, Nguiadem Chomdom IL, Forsythe L, Maziya‐Dixon B, Fliedel G. From cassava to gari: mapping of quality characteristics and end-user preferences in Cameroon and Nigeria. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021; 56:1223-1238. [PMID: 33776232 PMCID: PMC7984457 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
User's preferences of cassava and cassava products along the value chain are supported by specific root quality characteristics that can be linked to root traits. Therefore, providing an evidence base of user preferred characteristics along the value chain can help in the functional choice of cassava varieties. In this respect, the present paper presents the results from focus group discussions and individual interviews on user preferred quality characteristics of raw cassava roots and the derived product, gari, - one of the major cassava products in Sub-Saharan Africa - in major production and consumption areas of Cameroon and Nigeria. Choice of cassava varieties for farming is mainly determined by the multiple end uses of the roots, their agricultural yield and the processing determinants of roots that support their major high-quality characteristics: size, density, low water content, maturity, colour and safety. Processing of cassava roots into gari goes through different technological variants leading to a gari whose high-quality characteristics are dryness, colour, shiny/attractive appearance, uniform granules and taste. Eba, the major consumption form of gari in Cameroon and Nigeria, is mainly characterised by its textural properties: smoothness, firmness, stickiness, elasticity and mouldability. Recommendations are made, suggesting that breeding will have to start evaluating cassava clones for brightness/shininess, as well as textural properties such as mouldability and elasticity of cassava food products, for the purpose of supporting decision-making by breeders and the development of high-throughput selection methods of cassava varieties. Women are identified as important beneficiaries of such initiatives giving their disadvantaged position and their prominent role in cassava processing and marketing of gari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ndjouenkeu
- Department of Food Science and NutritionENSAIUniversity of NgaoundéréNgaounderePO Box 455Cameroun
| | - Franklin Ngoualem Kegah
- Department of Food Science and NutritionENSAIUniversity of NgaoundéréNgaounderePO Box 455Cameroun
| | - Béla Teeken
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadIbadanNigeria
| | - Benjamin Okoye
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Km 8 Umuahia‐Ikot Ekpene RoadUmudikeAbia StateP.M.B. 7006Nigeria
| | - Tessy Madu
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Km 8 Umuahia‐Ikot Ekpene RoadUmudikeAbia StateP.M.B. 7006Nigeria
| | | | - Ugo Chijioke
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI)Km 8 Umuahia‐Ikot Ekpene RoadUmudikeAbia StateP.M.B. 7006Nigeria
| | - Abolore Bello
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadIbadanNigeria
| | | | - Durodola Owoade
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadIbadanNigeria
| | - Noel Hubert Takam‐Tchuente
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Eco‐regional Center HFSIRAD Main Road, NkolbissonYaoundéBP 2008 (Messa)Cameroon
| | - Esther Biaton Njeufa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Eco‐regional Center HFSIRAD Main Road, NkolbissonYaoundéBP 2008 (Messa)Cameroon
| | - Isabelle Linda Nguiadem Chomdom
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Eco‐regional Center HFSIRAD Main Road, NkolbissonYaoundéBP 2008 (Messa)Cameroon
| | - Lora Forsythe
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUK
| | - Busie Maziya‐Dixon
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Oyo RoadIbadanNigeria
| | - Geneviève Fliedel
- CIRADUMR QualisudMontpellierF‐34398France
- QualisudUniv MontpellierCIRAD, Montpellier SupAgroUniv d'AvignonUniv de La RéunionMontpellierF‐34398France
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Mir RR, Kumar A, Pandey MK, Isobe SN. Editorial: Achieving Nutritional Security and Food Safety Through Genomics-Based Breeding of Crops. Front Nutr 2021; 8:638845. [PMID: 33614698 PMCID: PMC7890118 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.638845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Depart of Plant Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Manish K Pandey
- Genomics & Trait Discovery Genetic Gains Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Sachiko Narita Isobe
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
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Grande F, Giuntini EB, Coelho KS, Purgatto E, Franco BDGDM, Lajolo FM, de Menezes EW. Biodiversity food dataset: Centralizing chemical composition data to allow the promotion of nutrient-rich foods in Brazil. Matern Child Nutr 2020; 16 Suppl 3:e13005. [PMID: 33347721 PMCID: PMC7752125 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Centralizing chemical composition data for biodiverse foods is an important strategy in promoting their consumption. To support this strategy, a dataset of foods based on Brazilian biodiversity was created. The set was based on data for foods produced or commercialized in Brazil; these data were previously compiled for the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TBCA), according to international guidelines. Inclusion criteria were based on the following indicators: (i) foods with description below species level; (ii) wild foods; and (iii) underutilized foods. The dataset contains 1,305 food entries, and the majority correspond to raw plant foods. Nutrient content in foods identified below species level exhibited a wide range of values. Underutilized foods presented similar or higher selected nutrient contents than commonly consumed foods. For instance, depending on the cultivar of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), vitamin A content ranged from a negligible amount to high content (0.33- to 3,637-μg retinol equivalents per 100-g edible portion on a fresh weight basis [EP]). Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), a fruit from Amazon, was identified as the richest source of vitamin C (2,300 mg of ascorbic acid per 100-g EP), corresponding to 48-fold the content of orange. The dataset provides evidence to promote nutrient-rich foods that may be integrated into more effective programmes and policies on nutrition and food security in Brazil. It can be accessed online, free of charge on the TBCA platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Grande
- Post Graduate Program in Applied Human Nutrition (PRONUT/USP), FCF/FEA/FSPUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP)São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Kristy Soraya Coelho
- Post Graduate Program in Applied Human Nutrition (PRONUT/USP), FCF/FEA/FSPUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP)São PauloBrazil
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP)São PauloBrazil
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP)São PauloBrazil
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
- Coordinators of BRASILFOODSSão PauloBrazil
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Zaworska-Zakrzewska A, Kasprowicz-Potocka M, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Grajewski J, Wiśniewska Z, Rutkowski A. A Comparison of the Composition and Contamination of Soybean Cultivated in Europe and Limitation of Raw Soy Seed Content in Weaned Pigs' Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111972. [PMID: 33121110 PMCID: PMC7692213 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soy is the major source of protein in animal feeds worldwide. In Europe, only GMO-free varieties may be cultivated. Their chemical composition, contamination by fungi and yeast and the acceptable level in the diet of pigs have not been fully determined yet. This work comprised extensive analyses, both chemical (the composition of amino acids and anti-nutritional factors) and microbiological, also including mycotoxins. Moreover, digestibility and performance parameters were studied in 48 male post-weaning piglets for 28 days using diets, in which soybean meal was replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% soybean seed addition. The chemical composition of soybean seeds differed in terms of crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre and antinutrient contents. Seeds were also contaminated (but to varying intensity, which may have been influenced by the weather conditions during the seed harvest period) with fungi, yeast and mycotoxins, mainly zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. The digestibility coefficients of crude protein and dry matter in the diet were similar. Pigs‘ performance parameters were reduced strongly with increasing amounts of raw seeds in their diets, so a 5% of raw soy seed supplementation in pigs’ diet is recommended. Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of European soy seeds. A mycological and toxigenic screening was carried out on 18 varieties of soy seeds harvested in Poland. Moreover, the level of soybean meal (SBM) substitution by raw soybean seeds was analysed in terms of its effect on young pigs’ performance (body weight gain, feed intake, feed utilisation) along with apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and crude protein in the diets. In a 28-day trial, 48 male pigs were tested using a marker method with TiO2. In their diets, SBM was replaced by soy seeds in the amounts of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. In the last 3 days of the experiment, samples of excreta from each animal separately were collected three times per day. The chemical composition of soybean seeds differed in terms of their contents of crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre and raffinose family oligosaccharides, as well as the trypsin inhibitor activity. Seeds were also contaminated with fungi, yeast and mycotoxins, mainly zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. The ATTD of crude protein ranged from 70.6% to 77.6% and that of dry matter from 93.5% to 94.6%, with no differences between the groups being found (p > 0.05). Pigs’ performance parameters were reduced strongly with increasing amounts of raw seeds in the diets (p < 0.05). The results indicate that only a 5% addition of raw soy seeds in pigs‘ diet is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (A.Z.-Z.); (Z.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (A.Z.-Z.); (Z.W.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-7552; Fax: +48-61-848-7226
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Jan Grajewski
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Zuzanna Wiśniewska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (A.Z.-Z.); (Z.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrzej Rutkowski
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (A.Z.-Z.); (Z.W.); (A.R.)
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Tcherkez G, Ben Mariem S, Larraya L, García-Mina JM, Zamarreño AM, Paradela A, Cui J, Badeck FW, Meza D, Rizza F, Bunce J, Han X, Tausz-Posch S, Cattivelli L, Fangmeier A, Aranjuelo I. Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:5990-6003. [PMID: 32687190 PMCID: PMC7751139 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While the general effect of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, N content, and yield has been documented, there is still some uncertainty as to whether there are interactive effects between CO2 enrichment and other factors, such as temperature, geographical location, water availability, and cultivar. In addition, the metabolic coordination between leaves and grains, which is crucial for crop responsiveness to elevated CO2, has never been examined closely. Here, we address these two aspects by multi-level analyses of data from several free-air CO2 enrichment experiments conducted in five different countries. There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA), likely due to photosynthetic capacity acclimation, as reflected by protein profiles. In addition, there was a significant decrease in leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K) at elevated CO2, while other elements, such as Mg or S, increased. Despite the non-significant effect of CO2 enrichment on yield, grains appeared to be significantly depleted in N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mg. Overall, our results suggest a strong detrimental effect of CO2 enrichment on nutrient availability and remobilization from leaves to grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA d’Angers, Université d’Angers, Structure Fédérative de Recherche QUASAV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sinda Ben Mariem
- AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC-Government of Navarre, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Luis Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M García-Mina
- Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Franz-Werner Badeck
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Diego Meza
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fulvia Rizza
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - James Bunce
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Lab, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Institute of Environment and sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IEDA, CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity Australia, Kawana, QLD, Australia
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC-Government of Navarre, Mutilva, Spain
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31
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Akimov MY, Bessonov VV, Kodentsova VM, Eller KI, Vrzhesinskaya OA, Beketova NA, Kosheleva OV, Bogachuk MN, Malinkin AD, Makarenko MA, Shevyakova LV, Perova IB, Rylina EV, Makarov VN, Zhidehina TV, Koltsov VA, Yushkov AN, Novotortsev AA, Briksin DM, Khromov NV. [Biological value of fruits and berries of Russian production]. Vopr Pitan 2020; 89:220-232. [PMID: 32986335 DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and berries are the most important sources of a wide range of biologically active substances, including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins. In order to replenish and update data on the content of food and biologically active substances in the tables of the chemical composition of food products, a study of the content of mono- and disaccharides, dietary fiber was carried out; vitamins C, B1, B2 and E, minerals and trace elements; flavonoids (in terms of rutin), anthocyanins; organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenoids in various varieties of 16 fruit and berry crops. Material and methods. The material for the study was the fruits of promising varieties and selected forms of pome fruit (apple, pear), stone fruit (cherry, plum, apricot), berry (garden strawberry, raspberry, black currant, red currant, gooseberry), non-traditional crops (actinidia, honeysuckle, cornelian cherry, viburnum, sea buckthorn, rosehip) - a total of 208 samples grown at the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. The B vitamins were determined by the fluorometric method, and vitamin E, organic and hydroxycinnamic acids, carbohydrates, and stilbenoids were determined by HPLC. The amount of anthocyanin pigments was determined by pH differential spectrophotometry, dietary fiber - by enzymatic-gravimetric method, flavonoids - spectrophotometrically. Results and discussion. The main carbohydrate of apricot is sucrose, black currants, cherries, raspberries and honeysuckle contain mainly fructose and glucose. Raspberries and currants are high in fiber. Comparison of the obtained data on the content of vitamins B1, B2, E, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the studied population of varieties in comparison with the published data of tables of the chemical composition of food products in the USA and Russia was carried out. By the content of vitamin C in descending order, the fruits are arranged in a row: black currant > sea buckthorn > honeysuckle > strawberry > red currant > viburnum > gooseberry > raspberry > apple. Berries, making a significant contribution to providing the body with vitamin C, are not an essential source of vitamins B and E. The inclusion of 100 g of fresh fruit in the diet provides about 10% of the recommended dietary intake for potassium (apricot, gooseberry, cherry and black currant), magnesium (apple, cherry, strawberry) and dietary fiber. Honeysuckle and black currant are high in anthocyanins; consumption of 100 g of these berries will ensure adequate intake of these micronutrients. Some varieties of strawberries, apples and pears are rich in hydroxycinnamic acids. The data obtained can be used to refine the indicators in the existing tables of the chemical composition of food products. Conclusion. The obtained data on the composition of fruit and berry products will make it possible to more correctly calculate the nutritional value of rations using questionnaire-survey methods. Combined analysis of the composition of biologically active substances in berries and fruits makes it possible to more reasonably make the choice of a particular product in the dietary correction of the ration of healthy and sick people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu Akimov
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - V V Bessonov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V M Kodentsova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K I Eller
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O A Vrzhesinskaya
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N A Beketova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O V Kosheleva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M N Bogachuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A D Malinkin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M A Makarenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L V Shevyakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I B Perova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E V Rylina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V N Makarov
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - T V Zhidehina
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - V A Koltsov
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - A N Yushkov
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - A A Novotortsev
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - D M Briksin
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
| | - N V Khromov
- I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center, 393774, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russian Federation
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Wang J, Cheng ME, Zhan ZL, Zhang W, Yang HJ, Peng HS. [Variety evolution and herbal textual research on " Dihuang" in Chinese classical prescriptions]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2020; 50:275-282. [PMID: 33287494 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20191028-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang in Chinese) is a commonly used medicinal herb in a long history, raw Dihuang, dried Dihuang, processed Dihuang and other varieties have been recorded in the classical prescriptions of past dynasties. In order to clarify the origin and variety evolution of different processed products of Dihuang in Chinese classical prescriptions, ancient herbal books were examined in this paper. Both ancient and modern Dihuang is derived from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. in Scrophulariaceae, and R. chingii Li has been used as local medication. Dihuang has been cultivated since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the cultivation technique was mature in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Huaiqing Prefecture of Henan Province has been regarded as its genuine producing area. "Dried Dihuang" in Shennong Bencao Jing(, Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) included raw Dihuang and processed Dihuang. Mingyi Bielu(, Alternative Records of Famous Physicians) has described "raw Dihuang" and "Dried Dihuang" separately, in which "raw Dihuang" should be fresh Dihuang in modern times. Bencao Tujing(, Illustration of Materia Medica) in the Song Dynasty has recorded "raw Dihuang" and "processed Dihuang" correspondingly. The "raw Dihuang" was similar to today's raw Dihuang. "Processed Dihuang" has been recorded in the prescriptions of the Qin and Han Dynasties, which was independently described in the Song Dynasty. The processing methods of processed Dihuang were various in the Ming Dynasty. Processed Dihuang mainly refers to the dried products after stewing with wine or steaming until dark, and the processing methods tend to be simplified in modern times. "Raw and dried Dihuang" and "dried and processed Dihuang" have been independently recorded first in ancient herbal books of the Ming Dynasty, which is the raw Dihuang and processed Dihuang, respectively. This paper has sorted out the varieties of Dihuang, providing a basis of herbology for the origin and processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials of Dihuang.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Bozhou Institute of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - M E Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Z L Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - W Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - H J Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - H S Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Research Unit of DAO-DI-Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU057), Beijing 100700, China
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Ștefănescu BE, Călinoiu LF, Ranga F, Fetea F, Mocan A, Vodnar DC, Crișan G. The Chemical and Biological Profiles of Leaves from Commercial Blueberry Varieties. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1193. [PMID: 32932659 PMCID: PMC7569947 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries have seen an ascending production line boosted by World Health Organization (WHO) approvals for their contributions to a healthy diet and the evidence that they act against different diseases. This increase resulted in significant amounts of discarded leaves, which could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. In the present study, ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was used to determine and compare the chemical and biological profiles of leaves from six commercial blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) varieties. Feruloylquinic acid was the major compound identified, ranging from 19.23 ± 0.18 mg/g (at the lowest level, registered in the Spartan variety) to 49.62 ± 0.41 mg/g (at the highest level, registered in the Nelson variety). Rutin was the second major compound identified, for which Toro, Nelson, and Elliot leaves registered the highest values, with 35.77 ± 0.19 mg/g, 32.50 ± 0.20 mg/g, and 31.53 ± 0.1 mg/g, respectively. Even though analogous polyphenols were detected in the six cultivars, their concentrations and amounts were different. The leaf extracts of the cultivars Toro, Elliot, and Nelson appear to be good sources of antioxidants, registering high percentage inhibitions of DPPH radicals, of 70.41%, 68.42%, and 58.69%, respectively. The blueberry leaf extracts had a strong antibacterial activity and a low antifungal capacity, and a low-to-moderate antimutagenic capacity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, with Toro leaf being the best candidate. All of these biological activities indicate health-related benefits, recommending them as suitable candidates for medical and pharmaceutical applications. The present paper adds significant knowledge to the field of blueberry leaves via chemical and biological profiles, supporting the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique as a useful and green method to provide alternative sources of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghe. Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.Ș.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Florinela Fetea
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghe. Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.Ș.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghe. Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.Ș.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
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Krochmal-Marczak B, Cebulak T, Kapusta I, Oszmiański J, Kaszuba J, Żurek N. The Content of Phenolic Acids and Flavonols in the Leaves of Nine Varieties of Sweet Potatoes ( Ipomoea batatas L.) Depending on Their Development, Grown in Central Europe. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153473. [PMID: 32751600 PMCID: PMC7436171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components present in the leaves of 9 sweet potato cultivars grown in the moderate climate in Poland, which were harvested at different growth stages according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale (14, 51, 89). It was found that sweet potato leaves contained 7 polyphenolic compounds, including 5 chlorogenic acids-neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA), chlorogenic acid (3-CQA), 4-cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), 34-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,4-CQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,5-CQA)-and 2 flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-GA) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-GL). Their content depended on the genotype of the examined cultivars and on the stage of leaf development. The mean content of the identified polyphenolic compounds in the examined cultivars ranged from 148.2 to 14.038.6 mg/100 g-1 DM for the leaves harvested at growth stage 14 according to the BBCH scale. In the case of leaves harvested at BBCH stage 51, the concentration of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 144.76 to 5026.8 mg/100 g-1 DM and at BBCH stage 89 from 4078.1 to 11.183.5 mg/100 g-1 DM. The leaves of the Carmen Rubin cultivar collected at stage 14 contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, while Okinava leaves had the highest amount of these compounds at stage 51. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds in leaves at BBCH growth stage 89 was found in the Radiosa variety. The highest concentration levels were found for 3-CQA at all stages of leaf development. Significant correlations between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were found. The results of this experiment revealed that the growth stages and genetic properties of cultivars have a very significant influence on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols in sweet potato leaves. The results are innovative and can have a practical application, as the knowledge of the content of the substances under study makes it possible to determine the optimal management practice of sweet potato leaf harvest in order to obtain more top-quality raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4813-437-5580
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kaszuba
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
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Sulaiman F, Ahmad Azam A, Ahamad Bustamam MS, Fakurazi S, Abas F, Lee YX, Ismail AA, Mohd Faudzi SM, Ismail IS. Metabolite Profiles of Red and Yellow Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) Cultivars Using a 1H-NMR Metabolomics Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E3235. [PMID: 32679913 PMCID: PMC7397335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon, a widely commercialized fruit, is famous for its thirst-quenching property. The broad range of cultivars, which give rise to distinct color and taste, can be attributed to the differences in their chemical profile, especially that of the carotenoids and volatile compounds. In order to understand this distribution properly, water extracts of red and yellow watermelon pulps with predominantly polar metabolites were subjected to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. Deuterium oxide (D2O) and deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) solvents were used to capture both polar and non-polar metabolites from the same sample. Thirty-six metabolites, of which six are carotenoids, were identified from the extracts. The clustering of the compounds was determined using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and further grouping was achieved using supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The presence of lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and prolycopene in the red watermelon plays an important role in its differentiation from the yellow cultivar. A marked difference in metabolite distribution was observed between the NMR solvents used as evidenced from the PCA model. OPLS-DA and relative quantification of the metabolites, on the other hand, helped in uncovering the discriminating metabolites of the red and yellow watermelon cultivars from the same solvent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadzil Sulaiman
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Amalina Ahmad Azam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Muhammad Safwan Ahamad Bustamam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Yee Xuan Lee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Atira Adriana Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (F.S.); (A.A.A.); (M.S.A.B.); (F.A.); (Y.X.L.); (A.A.I.); (S.M.M.F.)
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Minde JJ, Venkataramana PB, Matemu AO. Dolichos Lablab-an underutilized crop with future potentials for food and nutrition security: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2249-2261. [PMID: 32530295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1775173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) particularly goal number two in developing countries by 2030 is challenging. The State of Food Security and Nutrition (2019) in the World show prevalence of undernourishment which has practically remained unchanged for the last three years. This calls for sustainable synergies between food and nutrition in addressing the challenge. Exploring the potential of underutilized legumes such as Dolichos Lablab (Lablab purpureus) in improving food and nutrition security is of importance. Lablab is known among nutritious underutilized diversified legumes, which is drought tolerant relative to other legumes. However, it is less popular as human food. This review focuses on providing details on the nutritional potential of underutilized Lablab varieties for food availability, accessibility and satisfactorily utilization for improved livelihood. So far research attention has been focusing on good agronomic performance with less information on their nutritional quality and its contribution to the wellbeing of people. Both wild and cultivated Lablab accessions do differ morphologically and across diverse habitat environments. This may make them less known, untapped and underutilized despite its promising potential as a food resource in developing countries where malnutrition still exists. Efforts are needed to popularize high-quality nutritional accessions, enhancing their consumption and commercialization for feeding the ever-increasing population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine J Minde
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Pavithravani B Venkataramana
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Athanasia O Matemu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
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Sanjeeva Rao D, Neeraja CN, Madhu Babu P, Nirmala B, Suman K, Rao LVS, Surekha K, Raghu P, Longvah T, Surendra P, Kumar R, Babu VR, Voleti SR. Zinc Biofortified Rice Varieties: Challenges, Possibilities, and Progress in India. Front Nutr 2020; 7:26. [PMID: 32318582 PMCID: PMC7154074 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc malnutrition is a major issue in developing countries where polished rice is a staple food. With the existing significant genetic variability for high zinc in polished rice, the development of biofortified rice varieties was targeted in India with support from HarvestPlus, Department of Biotechnology, and Indian Council of Agricultural Research of Government of India. Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR) facilitates rice varietal release through All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) and also supports rice biofortification program in India. Various germplasm sets of several national institutions were characterized at IIRR for their zinc content in brown rice using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy indicating the range of zinc to be 7.3 to 52.7 mg/kg. Evaluation of different mapping populations involving wild germplasm, landraces, and varieties for their zinc content showed the feasibility of favorable recombination of high zinc content and yield. Ninety-nine genotypes from germplasm and 344 lines from mapping populations showed zinc content of ≥28 mg/kg in polished rice meeting the target zinc content set by HarvestPlus. Through AICRIP biofortification trial constituted since 2013, 170 test entries were nominated by various national institutions until 2017, and four biofortified rice varieties were released. Only the test entry with target zinc content, yield, and quality parameters is promoted to the next year; thus, each test entry is evaluated for 3 years across 17 to 27 locations for their performance. Multilocation studies of two mapping populations and AICRIP biofortification trials indicated the zinc content to be highly influenced by environment. The bioavailability of a released biofortified rice variety, viz., DRR Dhan 45 was found to twice that of control IR64. The technology efficacy of the four released varieties developed through conventional breeding ranged from 48 to 75% with zinc intake of 38 to be 47% and 46 to 57% of the RDA for male and female, respectively. The observations from the characterization of germplasm and mapping populations for zinc content and development of national evaluation system for the release of biofortified rice varieties have been discussed in the context of the five criteria set by biofortification program.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanjeeva Rao
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - C N Neeraja
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Madhu Babu
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - B Nirmala
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Suman
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - L V Subba Rao
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Surekha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Raghu
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - T Longvah
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - P Surendra
- Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences-D, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, AICRIP (Rice), Rajendra Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | | | - S R Voleti
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
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Khan R, Zhou P, Ma X, Zhou L, Wu Y, Ullah Z, Wang S. Transcriptome Profiling, Biochemical and Physiological Analyses Provide New Insights towards Drought Tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum L. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1041. [PMID: 31847498 PMCID: PMC6947287 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main factors limiting crop production, which provokes a number of changes in plants at physiological, anatomical, biochemical and molecular level. To unravel the various mechanisms underpinning tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) drought stress tolerance, we conducted a comprehensive physiological, anatomical, biochemical and transcriptome analyses of three tobacco cultivars (i.e., HongHuaDaJinYuan (H), NC55 (N) and Yun Yan-100 (Y)) seedlings that had been exposed to drought stress. As a result, H maintained higher growth in term of less reduction in plant fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content as compared with N and Y. Anatomical studies unveiled that drought stress had little effect on H by maintaining proper leaf anatomy while there were significant changes in the leaf anatomy of N and Y. Similarly, H among the three varieties was the least affected variety under drought stress, with more proline content accumulation and a powerful antioxidant defense system, which mitigates the negative impacts of reactive oxygen species. The transcriptomic analysis showed that the differential genes expression between HongHuaDaJinYuan, NC55 and Yun Yan-100 were enriched in the functions of plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Compared to N and Y, the differentially expressed genes of H displayed enhanced expression in the corresponding pathways under drought stress. Together, our findings offer insights that H was more tolerant than the other two varieties, as evidenced at physiological, biochemical, anatomical and molecular level. These findings can help us to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through the networks of various metabolic pathways mediating drought stress adaptation in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.U.); (S.W.)
| | - Peilu Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.U.); (S.W.)
| | - Lei Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.U.); (S.W.)
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.U.); (S.W.)
| | - Zia Ullah
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.U.); (S.W.)
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China; (R.K.); (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.U.); (S.W.)
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Zhang S, Chen X, Zhong Q, Zhuang X, Bai Z. Microbial Community Analyses Associated with Nine Varieties of Wine Grape Carposphere Based on High-Throughput Sequencing. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E668. [PMID: 31835425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the composition of microbials on the grape carposphere may provide direct guidance for the wine brewing. In this work, 16S rRNA and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) fungal amplicon sequencing were performed to investigate the differences of epiphytic microbial communities inhabiting different varieties of wine grape berries. The results showed that the dominated phylum of different wine grape carpospheres were Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadete, and Bacteroidetes. The dominant bacterial genera of different wine grape varieties were Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pantoea, Planomicrobium, Massilia, Curtobacterium, Corynebacterium, Cellulomonas, Sphingomonas, and Microvirga. The fungal communities of the grapes were dominated by Ascomycota for all nine wine varieties. The dominant fungal genera on grape carposphere were Alternaria, Cladosporium, unclassified Capnodiales, Phoma, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, Aureobasidium, and Epicoccum. Community structure exerts a significant impact on bacterial Bray-Curtis dissimilarity on six red grapes and also a significant bacterial impact on three white grapes. Community structure exerts a significant impact on fungal Bray-Curtis dissimilarity on six red grapes but weak or no fungal impact on three white grapes. The results revealed that grape variety plays a significant role in shaping bacterial and fungal community, varieties can be distinguished based on the abundance of several key bacterial and fungal taxa.
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Patella A, Palumbo F, Galla G, Barcaccia G. The Molecular Determination of Hybridity and Homozygosity Estimates in Breeding Populations of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E916. [PMID: 31717592 PMCID: PMC6895879 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new varieties of horticultural crops benefits from the integration of conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding schemes in order to combine phenotyping and genotyping information. In this study, a selected panel of 16 microsatellite markers were used in different steps of a breeding programme of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 2 n = 18). Molecular markers were first used to genotype 71 putative parental lines and to plan 89 controlled crosses designed to maximise recombination potentials. The resulting 871 progeny plants were then molecularly screened, and their marker allele profiles were compared with the profiles expected based on the parental lines. The average cross-pollination success rate was 68 ± 33%, so 602 F1 hybrids were completely identified. Unexpected genotypes were detected in 5% of cases, consistent with this species' spontaneous out-pollination rate. Finally, in a later step of the breeding programme, 47 different F3 progenies, selected by phenotyping for a number of morphological descriptors, were characterised in terms of their observed homozygosity and within-population genetic uniformity and stability. Ten of these populations had a median homozygosity above 90% and a median genetic similarity above 95% and are, therefore, particularly suitable for pre-commercial trials. In conclusion, this study shows the synergistic effects and advantages of conventional and molecular methods of selection applied in different steps of a breeding programme aimed at developing new varieties of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy; (A.P.); (G.G.); (G.B.)
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Chen L, Wu W, Han F, Li J, Ye W, Fu H, Yan Y, Ma Y, Wang Q. Agronomic Management and Rice Varieties Controlling Cd Bioaccumulation in Rice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16132376. [PMID: 31277388 PMCID: PMC6650852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selection of rice varieties and application of amendments are effective measures to ensure food safety. Here we report that in the non-Cd area, the grain quality of all rice varieties met the Chinese National Grain Safety Standards (CNGSS). In the high-Cd area, rice varieties showed significant different bioaccumulation of Cd with lower rice yields than those in non-Cd area with the average decrease of 31.1%. There was a negative correlation between grain Cd content and yields. A total of 19 rice varieties were selected as low Cd accumulating rice varieties and their Cd content met CNGSS in the low-Cd area. Six of them met CNGSS in the high-Cd area. The application of amendments significantly reduced Cd content in rice grains by 1.0–84.7% with an average of 52.6% and 13 of varieties met CNGSS. The amendments reduced available Cd content in soils by 1.1–75.8% but had no significant effects on rice yields. Therefore, the current study implied that proper agronomic management with selection of rice varieties and soil amendments was essential in controlling Cd accumulation in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39056, USA
| | - Wenge Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fengxiang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39056, USA
| | - Jiangxia Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenling Ye
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Huanhuan Fu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yonghua Yan
- Department of Math, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39056, USA
| | - Youhua Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230001, China.
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Showler AT. Mexican Rice Borer Control Tactics in United States Sugarcane. Insects 2019; 10:E160. [PMID: 31195592 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), expanded its range from Mexico to South Texas in the early 1980s. By 2008 the pest had moved into sugarcane- and rice-growing areas of East Texas and Louisiana, and by 2012 it was reported on noncrop host plants in Florida. Efforts to suppress E. loftini in United States sugarcane with chemicals and biological control agents were unsuccessful, so both tactics were discontinued, and E. loftini infestation of sugarcane has continued unchecked. During the last 15 years, however, research has focused on the pest’s ecology, improved insecticides and scouting methods, the identification of sugarcane resistance mechanisms, and new cultural tactics. A surveillance technique was developed that indicates when larvae are most vulnerable to insecticide sprays. Currently, registered insecticides for E. loftini control are not widely applied, although some show promise, including an insect growth regulator. A number of potentially useful cultural practices are available, including plowing under fallow stubble, judicious use of fertilizer, adequate irrigation, avoiding proximity to E. loftini-susceptible maize cultivars, and enhancement of natural enemy populations. Demonstrated and potentially useful sugarcane resistance mechanisms involve physiochemical attributes, physical characteristics, and transgenic cultivars.
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Özcan MM, Juhaimi FA, Uslu N, Ghafoor K, Ahmed IAM, Babiker EE. The Effect of Olive Varieties on Fatty Acid Composition and Tocopherol Contents of Cold Pressed Virgin Olive Oils. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:307-310. [PMID: 30930370 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of cold pressed olive oils belonged to Ayvalık, Gemlik, Domat, Çilli, Çöpaşı and Söbüaşı varieties were determined. The fatty acid composition of the olive oils showed differences depending on the olive variety. The major fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids were found as 62.49-68.53%; 8.30-17.93%; 14.39-19.47%, respectively. The highest oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid contents were determined in the varieties of Çilli (68.53%), Söbüaşı (17.93%) and Gemlik (19.47%), respectively. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids of the local varieties such as Çilli, Çöpaşı, Söbüaşı were similar to those of Ayvalık and Gemlik varieties. The most abundant isomer of tocopherol in olive oils was α-tocopherol (18.22-36.02 mg/100g). The highest α- and γ- tocopherols were observed in olive oils of Söbüaşı variety (36.02 mg/100g) and Gemlik variety (8.12 mg/100g), respectively. It is concluded that the olive variety is an important factor on the fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of the olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Nurhan Uslu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
| | - Elfadil E Babiker
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University
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Seli P, Kane MJ, Smallwood J, Schacter DL, Maillet D, Schooler JW, Smilek D. Mind-Wandering as a Natural Kind: A Family-Resemblances View. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 22:479-490. [PMID: 29776466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As empirical research on mind-wandering accelerates, we draw attention to an emerging trend in how mind-wandering is conceptualized. Previously articulated definitions of mind-wandering differ from each other in important ways, yet they also maintain overlapping characteristics. This conceptual structure suggests that mind-wandering is best considered from a family-resemblances perspective, which entails treating it as a graded, heterogeneous construct and clearly measuring and describing the specific aspect(s) of mind-wandering that researchers are investigating. We believe that adopting this family-resemblances approach will increase conceptual and methodological connections among related phenomena in the mind-wandering family and encourage a more nuanced and precise understanding of the many varieties of mind-wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Seli
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Harvard, MA, USA.
| | - Michael J Kane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Harvard, MA, USA
| | - David Maillet
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Schooler
- Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Smilek
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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45
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Kashash Y, Doron-Faigenboim A, Bar-Ya'akov I, Hatib K, Beja R, Trainin T, Holland D, Porat R. Diversity among Pomegranate Varieties in Chilling Tolerance and Transcriptome Responses to Cold Storage. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:760-771. [PMID: 30567435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We found great variability in chilling tolerance among 84 pomegranate varieties from the Newe Ya'ar collection; among them, 'Ganesh' was chilling-sensitive, whereas 'Wonderful' was relatively chilling-tolerant. To evaluate the different molecular responses of these varieties to cold storage, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes in the inner membrane tissues of 'Ganesh' and 'Wonderful' fruit after 2 weeks of cold storage at 1 °C. By functional categorization of the differentially expressed transcripts using MapMan, we found that many transcripts related to various pathways, such as jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, galactinol, raffinose, phenol, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, calcium and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, lipid metabolism, and various transcription factors and heat-shock proteins, have been massively upregulated in 'Wonderful' but not in 'Ganesh' fruit. Thus, it is suggested that these pathways most likely participate in imparting chilling tolerance in pomegranate fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kashash
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | | | - Irit Bar-Ya'akov
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center , Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
| | - Kamel Hatib
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center , Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
| | - Rotem Beja
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center , Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
| | - Taly Trainin
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center , Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
| | - Doron Holland
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe Ya'ar Research Center , Post Office Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095 , Israel
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Cai K, Zhu L, Zhang K, Li L, Zhao Z, Zeng W, Lin X. Development and Characterization of EST-SSR Markers From RNA-Seq Data in Phyllostachys violascens. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:50. [PMID: 30774640 PMCID: PMC6367221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo are woody grass species containing important economic and ecological values. Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys violascens) is a kind of shoot-producing bamboo species with the highest economic yield per unit area. However, identifying different varieties of Lei bamboo based on morphological characteristics is difficult. Microsatellites play an important role in plant identification and genetic diversity analysis and are superior to other molecular markers. In this study, we identified 18,356 expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci in Lei bamboo transcriptome data. A total of 11,264 primer pairs were successfully designed from unigenes of all EST-SSR loci, and 96 primer pairs were randomly selected and synthesized. A total of 54 primer pairs were used for classifying 16 Lei bamboo varieties and 10 different Phyllostachys species. The number of polymorphism alleles among the 54 primer pairs ranged from 3 to 12 for P. violascens varieties and 3 to 20 for Phyllostachys. The phylogenetic tree based on polymorphism alleles successfully distinguished 16 P. violascens varieties and 10 Phyllostachys species. Our study provides abundant EST-SSR resources that are useful for genetic diversity analysis and molecular verification of bamboo and suggests that SSR markers developed from Lei bamboo are more efficient and reliable than ISSR, SRAP or AFLP markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Longfei Zhu
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
- Department of Genome Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Keke Zhang
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Ling Li
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhao
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Xinchun Lin
- Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xinchun Lin,
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Sun B, Tian YX, Zhang F, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang XR, Lin FC, Yang J, Tang HR. Variations of Alkaloid Accumulation and Gene Transcription in Nicotiana tabacum. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E114. [PMID: 30326637 PMCID: PMC6315566 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the understanding of alkaloid biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum during whole plant growth periods, variations of the contents of alkaloids and the transcription of key biosynthetic genes in fresh leaves were investigated in three varieties at five developmental stages. Six alkaloids were analyzed by gas chromatograph⁻mass spectrometry (GC⁻MS) and the most abundant alkaloid was observed during the upper leaves maturing stage in the varieties, among which the alkaloid content of K326 was the highest. Considering the genetic effect, variance analysis indicated that the developmental stage played a predominant role in alkaloid accumulation. Moreover, the levels of biosynthetic gene transcripts in the leaves at the vigorous growing stage might contribute to the contents of alkaloids in the leaves during the maturing stages. To further illuminate the metabolism of alkaloid biosynthesis, a correlation among alkaloids was also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yu-Xiao Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Rong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hao-Ru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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48
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Seli P, Kane MJ, Metzinger T, Smallwood J, Schacter DL, Maillet D, Schooler JW, Smilek D. The Family-Resemblances Framework for Mind-Wandering Remains Well Clad. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:959-961. [PMID: 30220475 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Seli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael J Kane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Metzinger
- Philosophisches Seminar/Gutenberg Research College, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Maillet
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Smilek
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Liu Z, Wang L, Liu Y. Rapid differentiation of Chinese hop varieties (Humulus lupulus) using volatile fingerprinting by HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:3758-3766. [PMID: 29344957 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hops impart flavor to beer, with the volatile components characterizing the various hop varieties and qualities. Fingerprinting, especially flavor fingerprinting, is often used to identify 'flavor products' because inconsistencies in the description of flavor may lead to an incorrect definition of beer quality. Compared to flavor fingerprinting, volatile fingerprinting is simpler and easier. RESULTS We performed volatile fingerprinting using head space-solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) for evaluating and distinguishing between three major Chinese hops. Eighty-four volatiles were identified, which were classified into seven categories. Volatile fingerprinting based on similarity analysis did not yield any obvious result. By contrast, hop varieties and qualities were identified using volatile fingerprinting based on PCA. The potential variables explained the variance in the three hop varieties. In addition, the dendrogram and principal component score plot described the differences and classifications of hops. CONCLUSION Volatile fingerprinting plus multivariate statistical analysis can rapidly differentiate between the different varieties and qualities of the three major Chinese hops. Furthermore, this method can be used as a reference in other fields. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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50
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Zohoun EV, Tang EN, Soumanou MM, Manful J, Akissoe NH, Bigoga J, Futakuchi K, Ndindeng SA. Physicochemical and nutritional properties of rice as affected by parboiling steaming time at atmospheric pressure and variety. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:638-652. [PMID: 29876115 PMCID: PMC5980200 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of different parboiling steaming time on the physicochemical and nutritional quality of rice, four varieties, NERICA1, NERICA7, IR841, and WITA4, were soaked at the same initial temperature (85°C) and steamed for 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 min. NERICA7 steamed for 25 min recorded the highest head rice yield (71.9%). Nonparboiled IR841 recorded the shortest cooking time (17.0 min), while NERICA1 steamed for 35 min recorded the longest cooking time (26.1 min). NERICA1 steamed for 45 min was the hardest (63.2 N), while nonparboiled IR841 was the softest (28.7 N). NERICA7 recorded higher peak and final viscosities across all steaming times compared to the other varieties. NERICA7 steamed for 35 and 45 min recorded the lowest total starch (77.3%) and the highest protein (13.2%) content, respectively. NERICA7 steamed for 25 and 45 min recorded the highest phosphorus (0.166%), magnesium (572 mg/kg), and potassium (2290 mg/kg) content, respectively. We conclude that, depending on desired physicochemical and nutritional properties, specific varieties and steaming times can be selected to achieve those outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire V. Zohoun
- Unité de Recherche en Génie Enzymatique et AlimentaireLaboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche en Chimie AppliquéeEcole Polytechnique d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBénin
| | | | - Mohamed M. Soumanou
- Unité de Recherche en Génie Enzymatique et AlimentaireLaboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche en Chimie AppliquéeEcole Polytechnique d'Abomey‐CalaviCotonouBénin
| | | | - Noel H. Akissoe
- Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesEcole de Nutrition et Sciences AlimentairesCotonouBénin
| | - Jude Bigoga
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaoundé‐IYaoundéCameroon
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