1
|
Bose AK, Doležal J, Scherrer D, Altman J, Ziche D, Martínez-Sancho E, Bigler C, Bolte A, Colangelo M, Dorado-Liñán I, Drobyshev I, Etzold S, Fonti P, Gessler A, Kolář T, Koňasová E, Korznikov KA, Lebourgeois F, Lucas-Borja ME, Menzel A, Neuwirth B, Nicolas M, Omelko AM, Pederson N, Petritan AM, Rigling A, Rybníček M, Scharnweber T, Schröder J, Silla F, Sochová I, Sohar K, Ukhvatkina ON, Vozmishcheva AS, Zweifel R, Camarero JJ. Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172049. [PMID: 38552974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge on the growth responses of these oaks to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of legacy effects of extreme droughts and how that vary across species, sites, and drought characteristics. The legacy effects were quantified by the deviation of observed from expected radial growth indices in the period 1940-2016. We used stand-level chronologies from 458 sites and 21 oak species primarily from Europe, north-eastern America, and eastern Asia. We found that legacy effects of droughts could last from 1 to 5 years after the drought and were more prolonged in dry sites. Negative legacy effects (i.e., lower growth than expected) were more prevalent after repetitive droughts in dry sites. The effect of repetitive drought was stronger in Mediterranean oaks especially in Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed that Q. petraea and Q. macrocarpa from dry sites were more negatively affected by the droughts while growth of several oak species from mesic sites increased during post-drought years. Sites showing positive correlations to winter temperature showed little to no growth depression after drought, whereas sites with a positive correlation to previous summer water balance showed decreased growth. This may indicate that although winter warming favors tree growth during droughts, previous-year summer precipitation may predispose oak trees to current-year extreme droughts. Our results revealed a massive role of repetitive droughts in determining legacy effects and highlighted how growth sensitivity to climate, drought seasonality and species-specific traits drive the legacy effects in deciduous oak species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Bose
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Jiri Doležal
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christof Bigler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Michele Colangelo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain; Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari, e Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Research Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden; Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophia Etzold
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Koňasová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Annette Menzel
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Nicolas
- Departement Recherche et Développement, ONF, Office National des Fôrets, Batiment B, Boulevard de Constance, Fontainebleau F 77300, France
| | - Alexander Mikhaylovich Omelko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, 324 N.Main St, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Any Mary Petritan
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea", Eroilor 128, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Andreas Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Universitätstrasse, 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr.15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Schröder
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Fernando Silla
- Departamento Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, University Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irena Sochová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Sohar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olga Nikolaevna Ukhvatkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna Stepanovna Vozmishcheva
- Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Roman Zweifel
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moroń D, Beim M, Gudowska A, Angeoletto F, Celary W, Cwajna A, Indykiewicz P, Lenda M, Marjańska E, Menzel A, Skórka P, Tryjanowski P. Evaluating tramway infrastructure on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9394. [PMID: 38658624 PMCID: PMC11043073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tramways in urban areas for mass transit has been suggested to have a lower environmental footprint than roads. However, studies on the impact of tramways and the surrounding infrastructure on biodiversity is extremely rare despite the potential ecological effects associated with this anthropogenic feature. Surprisingly, we found fewer than 10 papers published on tramway-wildlife interactions, which is significantly lower (vs dozens of thousands) than that of other transportation methods. As tramways and stations may be managed sustainably by planting short vegetation on the track and roofs of tramway stations, they may be good examples of land-sharing policies in green urban planning, improving both biodiversity and people's well-being. The potential environmental benefits of green practices for commercially available tramways should be strictly tested and applied, especially in the context of the growing popularity of tramway systems worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Moroń
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Beim
- Institute of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Planning, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gudowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Fabio Angeoletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Technologia Ambiental da UFR, Avenida dos Estudantes 5055, 78735-901, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Celary
- Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cwajna
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Indykiewicz
- Department of Biology and Animal Environment, Bydgoszcz University of Sciences and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85084, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lenda
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Marjańska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Müller J, Hothorn T, Yuan Y, Seibold S, Mitesser O, Rothacher J, Freund J, Wild C, Wolz M, Menzel A. Weather explains the decline and rise of insect biomass over 34 years. Nature 2024; 628:349-354. [PMID: 37758943 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Insects have a pivotal role in ecosystem function, thus the decline of more than 75% in insect biomass in protected areas over recent decades in Central Europe1 and elsewhere2,3 has alarmed the public, pushed decision-makers4 and stimulated research on insect population trends. However, the drivers of this decline are still not well understood. Here, we reanalysed 27 years of insect biomass data from Hallmann et al.1, using sample-specific information on weather conditions during sampling and weather anomalies during the insect life cycle. This model explained variation in temporal decline in insect biomass, including an observed increase in biomass in recent years, solely on the basis of these weather variables. Our finding that terrestrial insect biomass is largely driven by complex weather conditions challenges previous assumptions that climate change is more critical in the tropics5,6 or that negative consequences in the temperate zone might only occur in the future7. Despite the recent observed increase in biomass, new combinations of unfavourable multi-annual weather conditions might be expected to further threaten insect populations under continuing climate change. Our findings also highlight the need for more climate change research on physiological mechanisms affected by annual weather conditions and anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany.
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany.
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ye Yuan
- Ecoclimatology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
- Forest Zoology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Julia Rothacher
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Julia Freund
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Clara Wild
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Marina Wolz
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kloos S, Bigalke C, Neumair M, Menzel A. Weather, weekday, and vacation effects on webcam recorded daily visitor numbers in the alpine winter season. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:305-316. [PMID: 38036707 PMCID: PMC10794479 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Winter tourism is an important economic factor in the European Alps, which could be exposed to severely changing meteorological conditions due to climate change in the future. The extent to which meteorology influences winter tourism figures has so far been analyzed mainly based on monthly or seasonal data and in relation to skier numbers. Therefore, we record for the first time daily visitor numbers at five Bavarian winter tourism destinations based on 1518 webcam images using object detection and link them to meteorological and time-related variables. Our results show that parameters such as temperature, cloud cover or sunshine duration, precipitation, snow depth, wind speed, and relative humidity play a role especially at locations that include other forms of winter tourism in addition to skiing. In the ski resorts studied, on the other hand, skiing is mostly independent of current weather conditions, which can be attributed mainly to artificial snowmaking. Moreover, at the webcam sites studied, weekends and vacation periods had an equal or even stronger influence on daily visitor numbers than the current weather conditions. The extent to which weather impacts the (future) visitor numbers of a winter tourism destination must therefore be investigated individually and with the inclusion of non-meteorological variables influencing human behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kloos
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Carina Bigalke
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Neumair
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mikula P, Askeyev OV, Askeyev AO, Askeyev IV, Morelli F, Menzel A, Tryjanowski P. Climate change is associated with asynchrony in arrival between two sympatric cuckoos and both host arrival and prey emergence. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231691. [PMID: 38234437 PMCID: PMC10792391 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Matching the timing of spring arrival to the breeding grounds with hosts and prey is crucial for migratory brood parasites such as cuckoos. Previous studies have focused mostly on phenological mismatch between a single cuckoo species and its hosts but information regarding climate-driven mismatch between multiple sympatric cuckoo species and their hosts and invertebrate prey is still lacking. Here, we analysed long-term data (1988-2023) on the first arrival date of two declining migratory cuckoo species and their 14 migratory host species breeding in sympatry and prey emergence date in Tatarstan (southeast Russia). We found that the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus; wintering in Africa) generally arrived on breeding grounds earlier than the oriental cuckoo (Cuculus optatus; wintering in southeast Asia and Australia). Both cuckoos have advanced their arrival dates over 36 years but less than their hosts, potentially resulting in an increasing arrival mismatch between cuckoos and their hosts. Moreover, cuckoo arrival advanced less than the emergence date of their prey over time. These observations indicate that climate change may disrupt co-fluctuation in the phenology of important life stages between multiple sympatric brood parasites, their hosts and prey with potential cascading consequences for population dynamics of involved species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikula
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V. Askeyev
- Biomonitoring Laboratory, Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Daurskaya Strasse 28, Kazan 420087, Tatarstan Republic, Russia
| | - Arthur O. Askeyev
- Biomonitoring Laboratory, Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Daurskaya Strasse 28, Kazan 420087, Tatarstan Republic, Russia
| | - Igor V. Askeyev
- Biomonitoring Laboratory, Institute of Problems in Ecology and Mineral Wealth, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Daurskaya Strasse 28, Kazan 420087, Tatarstan Republic, Russia
| | - Federico Morelli
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uphus L, Uhler J, Tobisch C, Rojas-Botero S, Lüpke M, Benjamin C, Englmeier J, Fricke U, Ganuza C, Haensel M, Redlich S, Zhang J, Müller J, Menzel A. Earlier and more uniform spring green-up linked to lower insect richness and biomass in temperate forests. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1052. [PMID: 37935790 PMCID: PMC10630471 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization and agricultural intensification are considered the main causes of recent insect decline in temperate Europe, while direct climate warming effects are still ambiguous. Nonetheless, higher temperatures advance spring leaf emergence, which in turn may directly or indirectly affect insects. We therefore investigated how Sentinel-2-derived start of season (SOS) and its spatial variability (SV-SOS) are affected by spring temperature and whether these green-up variables can explain insect biomass and richness across a climate and land-use gradient in southern Germany. We found that the effects of both spring green-up variables on insect biomass and richness differed between land-use types, but were strongest in forests. Here, insect richness and biomass were higher with later green-up (SOS) and higher SV-SOS. In turn, higher spring temperatures advanced SOS, while SV-SOS was lower at warmer sites. We conclude that with a warming climate, insect biomass and richness in forests may be affected negatively due to earlier and more uniform green-up. Promising adaptation strategies should therefore focus on spatial variability in green-up in forests, thus plant species and structural diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Uphus
- Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Johannes Uhler
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Cynthia Tobisch
- Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Landscape, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Rojas-Botero
- Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marvin Lüpke
- Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Caryl Benjamin
- Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jana Englmeier
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Ute Fricke
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Ganuza
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Haensel
- Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sarah Redlich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baur S, Kauffert J, Hewison AJM, Reinermann S, König A, Menzel A, Peters W. Spatial scaling in bed-site selection by roe deer fawns: Implications for mitigating neonatal mortality during mowing. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10729. [PMID: 38034336 PMCID: PMC10682894 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When habitat use by field-dwelling animals coincides in space and time with agricultural practices such as spring mowing of meadows, human-wildlife conflicts can have deadly consequences for wildlife. Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) fawns are particularly vulnerable because they hide in meadows during the rearing phase. Thus, a better understanding of the habitat drivers of bed-site selection is critical to mitigating fawn mortality during mowing. Here, we tease apart the among-field (presumably driven by maternal behaviour) and within-field (driven by fawn behaviour) components of bed-site selection of roe deer during the spring mowing season. We collected over 600 fawn bed sites across an environmentally diverse study region. At the among-field scale, we implemented a used versus available design and employed a two-part statistical model (GAMLSS) to identify habitat characteristics that were linked to either fawn presence (vs. absence) or abundance on a given field. At the within-field scale, we compared habitat characteristics at fawn bed-sites with paired random sites using a conditional logistic regression model. At the among-field scale, fawns were more likely to be present, and were more abundant, in fields within more diverse, rural landscapes, with nearby woodland. Surprisingly, fawns were more often present in fields that were near roads and had lower vegetation productivity. At the within-field scale, however, fawns preferred bed-sites which were further from both roads and woodland, but that provided the best visual cover to minimise predation risk. Our findings revealed substantial and novel scale-dependent differences in the drivers of habitat selection of mothers and fawns, which, together, determine the precise locations of bed-sites between and within meadows. These results may aid wildlife managers in identifying areas where there is a high probability of encountering a roe deer fawn so as to initiate targeted searches prior to mowing and, ultimately, mitigate fawn mowing mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Baur
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Research Unit Wildlife Biology and ManagementFreisingGermany
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Johanna Kauffert
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - A. J. Mark Hewison
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFSCastanet‐TolosanFrance
- LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonneAuzeville TolosaneFrance
| | - Sophie Reinermann
- Department of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and GeologyUniversity of WürzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Andreas König
- Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Wibke Peters
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Research Unit Wildlife Biology and ManagementFreisingGermany
- Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gasmi Benahmed A, Noor S, Menzel A, Gasmi A. A Boolean Network Approach to Study the Mechanism Associated with Inflammatory Response Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1-7. [PMID: 37312726 PMCID: PMC10258268 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356604.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic Porphyromonas gingivalis is a rod-shaped bacterium and is a primary agent of periodontal inflammation and thus periodontitis. This bacterium disturbs the normal flora of the oral cavity and causes dysbiosis. Databases including Google Scholar Scopus and PubMed were employed to find the evidence by using keywords like 'Porphyromonas gingivalis,' 'Boolean network,' 'inflammatory response and Porphyromonas gingivalis,' 'inflammation and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Only articles that reviewed the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral inflammation were selected. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes and reorganizes host immune systems against normal host flora, which causes a dysbiotic state. A reorganized immune system induces dysbiosis and periodontitis. Specifically, the role of the C5a receptor in the complement system is vital in this mechanism. P. gingivalis can change the metabolic pathways of phagocytic cells without impeding inflammation. Toll-like receptor and complement signaling are inverted by Porphyromonas gingivalis, which aids them in overcoming immunological responses. However, they sustain the inflammation process, which promotes dysbiosis. Instead of a subjective approach, a systems perspective is required to comprehend this intricate process. A Boolean network is a system approach that seems to be a better approach to understanding this complicated interaction process of Porphyromonas gingivalis with the immune system and inflammation. In short, attempts to understand the complex process using the Boolean network will ultimately help in the early detection of periodontitis, and immediate treatment can prevent soft tissue destruction and dentition loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, Paris, France
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Menzel A, Witt C. Extremal states and coupling properties in electroelasticity. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210330. [PMID: 36031835 PMCID: PMC9421374 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroelastic materials possess properties most attractive for the design of smart devices and systems such as actuators and sensors. Typical polymers show changes in shape under the action of an electric field, and vice versa, together with fast actuation times, high strain levels and low elastic moduli. This paper deals with an Ogden model inspired framework for large deformation electroelasticity which, as a special case, can also be reduced to the modelling of transversely isotropic elasticity. Extremal (local) states are elaborated based on a coaxiality analysis, i.e. extremal states of energy are considered at fixed deformation and changing direction of electric field, respectively, fixed electric field and changing principal directions of deformation. This analysis results in extremal states when stresses and strain commutate, respectively, dielectric displacements and electric field are aligned. In order to further elaborate electromechanical coupling properties, the sensitivity of stresses with respect to electric field is analysed. This sensitivity is represented by a third-order tensor which, in general, depends on deformation and electric field. To illustrate this third-order tensor, a decomposition into deviators is adopted. Related norms of these deviators, together with the electromechanical coupling contribution to the augmented energy, are investigated for different states under homogeneous deformation and changing electric field direction. The analysis is considered to contribute to a better understanding of electromechanical coupling properties and extremal states in large deformation electroelasticity and by that, as a long-term goal, may contribute to the improved design of related smart devices and systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'The Ogden model of rubber mechanics: Fifty years of impact on nonlinear elasticity'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Menzel
- Institute of Mechanics, TU Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Strasse 5, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, PO Box 118,Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - C. Witt
- Institute of Mechanics, TU Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Strasse 5, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gasmi A, Kumar Mujawdiya P, Noor S, Piscopo S, Résimont S, Menzel A. Increasing Efficacy of Covid-19 Vaccines by Lifestyle Interventions. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:1527-1538. [PMID: 37123146 PMCID: PMC10133642 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356491.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused a serious threat to the world population as it spread worldwide rapidly. Existing medicines and vaccines could not cure and control this deadly disease. In this regard, several vaccines have been proposed and designed to control this infection's spread effectively. Along with these vaccines, the general population should adopt specific lifestyle interventions to strengthen their immune system and combat deadly viruses. We used Google Scholar and PubMed databases to find the related information using key terms such as 'COVID-19', 'COVID-19 AND Vaccine efficacy', 'Lifestyle intervention AND COVID-19', and "Lifestyle intervention AND Vaccines," etc. Only articles that discussed the interactions between lifestyle intervention and the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines were selected for this study. Several previous clinical trials and scientific observations with influenza, polio, and other viral vaccines have demonstrated that vaccine response varies across individuals for antibody titer, independent of vaccine antigenicity. This different vaccine response observed among individuals is attributed to several factors such as dietary and nutritional habits, physical activity, stress and sleep deprivation, deficiency of micronutrients (minerals, vitamins), gut microbiota composition, immunosenescence, smoking, and drinking habits. Although there is not much information about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and lifestyle interventions, experience with other vaccines can undoubtedly be used to suggest lifestyle interventions to improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. These lifestyle interventions may boost antibody responses against COVID-19 vaccines, leading to higher protection from the disease, especially among elderly and immunocompromised people. In conclusion, the present review attempts to understand the role of various nutritional and psychological factors that lead to poor vaccine response and suggests specific nutritional and psychological interventions that can enhance vaccine efficacy and improve immune response against COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- Research and Development Department, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - S Résimont
- Research and Development Department, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller G, Menzel A, Ankerst DP. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in all German districts: the importance of confounders. Environ Sci Eur 2022; 34:79. [PMID: 36062033 PMCID: PMC9418649 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-022-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focus of many studies is to estimate the effect of risk factors on outcomes, yet results may be dependent on the choice of other risk factors or potential confounders to include in a statistical model. For complex and unexplored systems, such as the COVID-19 spreading process, where a priori knowledge of potential confounders is lacking, data-driven empirical variable selection methods may be primarily utilized. Published studies often lack a sensitivity analysis as to how results depend on the choice of confounders in the model. This study showed variability in associations of short-term air pollution with COVID-19 mortality in Germany under multiple approaches accounting for confounders in statistical models. METHODS Associations between air pollution variables PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3 and cumulative COVID-19 deaths in 400 German districts were assessed via negative binomial models for two time periods, March 2020-February 2021 and March 2021-February 2022. Prevalent methods for adjustment of confounders were identified after a literature search, including change-in-estimate and information criteria approaches. The methods were compared to assess the impact on the association estimates of air pollution and COVID-19 mortality considering 37 potential confounders. RESULTS Univariate analyses showed significant negative associations with COVID-19 mortality for CO, NO, and NO2, and positive associations, at least for the first time period, for O3 and PM2.5. However, these associations became non-significant when other risk factors were accounted for in the model, in particular after adjustment for mobility, political orientation, and age. Model estimates from most selection methods were similar to models including all risk factors. CONCLUSION Results highlight the importance of adequately accounting for high-impact confounders when analyzing associations of air pollution with COVID-19 and show that it can be of help to compare multiple selection approaches. This study showed how model selection processes can be performed using different methods in the context of high-dimensional and correlated covariates, when important confounders are not known a priori. Apparent associations between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality failed to reach significance when leading selection methods were used. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00657-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Miller
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Donna P. Ankerst
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, Garching, Germany
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gasmi A, Piscopo S, Menzel A, Noor S. A Review on Metabolic Paradoxes and their Impact on Metabolism. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:929-941. [PMID: 36618306 PMCID: PMC9759232 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356277.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current review paper portrays the important link of different nutrients like trace elements, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and amino acids with the immune system as well as information related to metabolic paradoxes. Optimum working of the metabolic system is essential because it gives various types of supplements to the human body and aid in chemical pathways. Here related data have been retrieved from two databases i.e., PubMed and Google scholar to grasp detailed knowledge about micronutrients and nutrients as well as their association in the metabolic system. Like protein play important role in the normal development of different immune components, amino acids including alanine, Arginine, and glutamic acid properly control the movement of neutrophils, macrophages, and cytokines. While fatty acids act as an anti-inflammatory agent because they possess the ability to inhibit the expression of the MHC class. Apart from these, many essential molecules like uric acid, proteins, calcium, lanolin are also obtained as end products after catabolic and anabolic reactions, and it was found that the uric acid paradox has a cancer inhibitory role. Additionally, TGF and IL-6 paradoxes have a role in the development of tumors, the onset of diabetes, and low-grade inflammatory disorders respectively. However, the entire functioning of metabolic processes depends upon daily diet because humans get the important nutrient from the diet which further vital role in the immune system. Moreover, it was also observed that calcium paradox is related to heart disorders because high calcium accumulation leads to cardiac disorders. Thus, the complete knowledge about these essential components as well as metabolic paradoxes is very important due to their antagonistic role to plan better and improved therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France ,
Research and Developpment Departement, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gasmi A, Noor S, Piscopo S, Menzel A. Toxic Metal -Mediated Neurodegradation: A Focus on Glutathione and GST Gene Variants. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:525-536. [PMID: 36284949 PMCID: PMC9548276 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356279.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing pieces of evidence have supported those chemicals from industrial, agricultural wastes and organoleptic activities play important role in the development of neurological disorders. The frequency of neurological disorders is increased to a much extent in recent years with the advancements in science and technology. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases were selected to search the relevant information by using keywords including "Heavy metals", "Neurotoxicity", "Glutathione", "Glutathione AND Neurodegenerative disorders" etc. Heavy metals are particularly recognized as a major resource of toxicities during the stage of early pregnancy where a fetus gets exposed to them from maternal activities and circulation. As infants have a weak immune system and cannot respond to the specific challenge as faced by the body during mercury, zinc, iron, and cadmium exposure. Daily diet and drinking habits in addition to industrial activities also form a major field of study under investigation. This study aims to investigate the role of these metals in the accumulation of pollutants in the brain, liver, and kidneys hence leading to serious consequences. Moreover, their prevalence in teenagers that are under the age of ten years is being observed that leads them to learn, writing, and intellectual abilities. Males are more affected due to their hormonal differences. The role of the GST gene in the development of cognitive conditions and its phenotypes has been discussed thoroughly in this review. The mutations of GST lead to the accumulation of peroxides and superoxides which exacerbate oxidative damage to cells. Binding of toxic metals to GSH genes and the role of glutathione transferase genes is was demonstrated in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- Research and Development Department, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haider S, Palm S, Bruelheide H, de Villemereuil P, Menzel A, Lachmuth S. Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Haider
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sebastian Palm
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Pierre de Villemereuil
- Inst. de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), École Pratique des Hautes Études
- PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA Paris France
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical Univ. of Munich Freising Germany
- Inst. for Advanced Study, Technical Univ. of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Susanne Lachmuth
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
- Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory Frostburg MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gasmi A, Menzel A, Piscopo S, Noor S. Toxic Metals Exposure and APOE4 Gene Variant in Cognitive Decline Disorders. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:1-10. [PMID: 35891722 PMCID: PMC9288612 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356078.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are those which affect cognitive functions. Misfolding of proteins especially apolipoprotein E is a key genetic factor involved in several cognitive impairments. Increasing evidence also described the toxic effects of metals, generated by both nature and humans, on the development of neurological disorders. Understanding of interaction between toxic metals and apolipoprotein E protein in cognitive decline diosrders would provide alternative treatment options. Google Scholar and PubMed database were used to search the articles using different search terms like 'toxic metals', 'cognitive decline', 'Apolipoprotein E', "neurodegenerative disorders" and "metals neurotoxicity". Only those papers were included that discussed the metal exposure-apolipoprotein association in the development of cognitive decline disorders. Heavy metals are particularly recognized as a major source of neurotoxicity. These toxic metals can interact with genetic factors and play important role in disease etiology. Understanding the underlying mechanism of this interaction could provide tremendous benefits to treat cognitive decline disorders. In this study, the role of the apolipoprotein E4 gene in the development of cognitive disease conditions and their phenotypes has been discussed thoroughly which leads to the accumulation of amyloid-beta fibrils. This exploratory study revealed novel hypothetical findings which might contribute to the understanding of the neurotoxic effects of chronic toxic metals exposure and possibly improve our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms linking metal exposure to cognitive decline disorder risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jochner-Oette S, Jetschni J, Liedl P, Menzel A. Indoor Pollen Concentrations of Mountain Cedar (Juniperus ashei) during Rainy Episodes in Austin, Texas. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19031541. [PMID: 35162567 PMCID: PMC8835118 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Standard pollen monitoring programs evaluate outdoor pollen concentrations; however, information on indoor pollen is crucial for human wellbeing as people spend most of the day in indoor environments. In this study, we investigated the differences in indoor mountain cedar pollen loads between rooms of different uses and with different ventilation at The University of Texas in Austin and focused on the effect of rainy episodes on indoor/outdoor ratios of pollen concentrations. Pollen were sampled outdoors and indoors, specifically in seven rooms and in two thermal labs with controlled ventilation, during the daytime on 6 days in 2015. We calculated daily pollen concentrations, campaign pollen integrals (CPIn, the sum of all daily pollen concentrations) and ratios between indoor and outdoor concentrations (I/O ratio). Pollen concentrations differed substantially based on features related to room use and ventilation: Whereas the highest CPIn was observed in a room characterized by a frequently opened window and door, the smallest CPIn was related to a storeroom without any windows and no forced ventilation. Our results showed that rainy episodes were linked to a higher mean I/O ratio (0.98; non-rainy episodes: 0.05). This suggests that pollen accumulated indoors and reached higher levels than outdoors. Low ratios seem to signal a low level of risk for allergic people when staying inside. However, under very high outdoor pollen concentrations, small ratios can still be associated with high indoor pollen levels. In turn, high I/O ratios are not necessarily related to a (very) high indoor exposure. Therefore, I/O ratios should be considered along with pollen concentration values for a proper risk assessment. Exposure may be higher in indoor environments during prevailing precipitation events and at the end of the pollen season of a specific species. Standardized indoor environments (e.g., thermal labs) should be included in pollen monitoring programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jochner-Oette
- Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Johanna Jetschni
- Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany;
| | - Petra Liedl
- Munich Institute for Integrated Materials, Energy and Process Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jung S, Estrella N, Pfaffl MW, Hartmann S, Ewald F, Menzel A. Correction: Impact of elevated air temperature and drought on pollen characteristics of major agricultural grass species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261879. [PMID: 34932606 PMCID: PMC8691635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248759.].
Collapse
|
18
|
Gasmi Benahmed A, Noor S, Menzel A, Gasmi A. Oral Aphthous: Pathophysiology, Clinical Aspects and Medical Treatment. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:1155-1163. [PMID: 35355774 PMCID: PMC8934078 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356055.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral aphthosis is a painful inflammatory process of the oral mucosa. Oral aphthous can appear alone or secondary to numerous distinct disease processes. If recurrence occurs frequently, it is called recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The pathophysiology of oral aphthous ulcers remains unclear but various bacteria are part of its microbiology. Three morphological types hold great importance in literature because these types help manage the illness properly. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were used to retrieve the relevant data and information. Different keywords including "Aphthous", "Aphthosis", "Canker sores", "Aphthous stomatitis", "Aphthous ulcer causes", "Aphthous ulcer AND Microbiota" and "Aphthous ulcer AND treatment". The causes for oral aphthous ulcerations are widespread and ranges from localized trauma to rare syndromes, underlying intestinal disease, or even malignant disease processes. A detailed history and thorough examination of systems can assist the physician or dermatologist in defining whether it is related to a systemic disease process or truly idiopathic. Management of oral aphthous ulcers is challenging. For oral aphthous or recurrent aphthous ulcers from an underlying disease, topical medications are preferred due to their minimum side effects. Systemic medications are necessary if the disease progresses. Within the limitation of research and literature provided, it is safe to say that topical corticosteroids are the first line of treatment. Herein, the author discusses the pathophysiology, types, causes, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment ladder of oral aphthous stomatitis as described in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, Paris, France ,
Université Claude Bernard, Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| | - A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Redlich S, Zhang J, Benjamin C, Dhillon MS, Englmeier J, Ewald J, Fricke U, Ganuza C, Haensel M, Hovestadt T, Kollmann J, Koellner T, Kübert‐Flock C, Kunstmann H, Menzel A, Moning C, Peters W, Riebl R, Rummler T, Rojas‐Botero S, Tobisch C, Uhler J, Uphus L, Müller J, Steffan‐Dewenter I. Disentangling effects of climate and land use on biodiversity and ecosystem services—A multi‐scale experimental design. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Redlich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Caryl Benjamin
- Ecoclimatology TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Maninder Singh Dhillon
- Institute of Geography and Geology Department of Remote Sensing Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Jana Englmeier
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörg Ewald
- Institute of Ecology and Landscape Weihenstephan‐Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences Freising Germany
| | - Ute Fricke
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Cristina Ganuza
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Maria Haensel
- Professorship of Ecological Services Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Thomas Hovestadt
- Theoretical Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Chair of Restoration Ecology TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Thomas Koellner
- Professorship of Ecological Services Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Carina Kübert‐Flock
- Institute of Geography and Geology Department of Remote Sensing Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Harald Kunstmann
- Chair for Regional Climate and Hydrology Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK‐IFU) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology—Campus Alpin Garmisch‐Partenkirchen Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Christoph Moning
- Institute of Ecology and Landscape Weihenstephan‐Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences Freising Germany
| | - Wibke Peters
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Wildlife Management Bavarian State Institute of Forestry Freising Germany
| | - Rebekka Riebl
- Professorship of Ecological Services Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER) University of Bayreuth Bayreuth Germany
| | - Thomas Rummler
- Chair for Regional Climate and Hydrology Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Sandra Rojas‐Botero
- Chair of Restoration Ecology TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Cynthia Tobisch
- Institute of Ecology and Landscape Weihenstephan‐Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences Freising Germany
| | - Johannes Uhler
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| | - Lars Uphus
- Ecoclimatology TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐University Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghada W, Estrella N, Ankerst DP, Menzel A. Universal thermal climate index associations with mortality, hospital admissions, and road accidents in Bavaria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259086. [PMID: 34788302 PMCID: PMC8598056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When meteorological conditions deviate from the optimal range for human well-being, the risks of illness, injury, and death increase, and such impacts are feared in particular with more frequent and intense extreme weather conditions resulting from climate change. Thermal indices, such as the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), can better assess human weather-related stresses by integrating multiple weather components. This paper quantifies and compares the seasonal and spatial association of UTCI with mortality, morbidity, and road accidents in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany. Linear regression was applied to seasonally associate daily 56 million hospital admissions and 2.5 million death counts (1995-2015) as well as approximately 930,000 road accidents and 1.7 million people injured (2002-2015) with spatially interpolated same day- and lagged- (up to 14 days) average UTCI values. Additional linear regressions were performed stratifying by age, gender, region, and district. UTCI effects were clear in all three health outcomes studied: Increased UTCI resulted in immediate (1-2 days) rises in morbidity and even more strongly in mortality in summer, and lagged (up to 14 days) decreases in fall, winter, and spring. The strongest UTCI effects were found for road accidents where increasing UTCI led to immediate decreases in daily road accidents in winter but pronounced increases in all other seasons. Differences in UTCI effects were observed e.g. between in warmer north-western regions (Franconia, more districts with heat stress-related mortality, but hospital admissions for lung, heart and external reasons decreasing with summer heat stress), the touristic alpine regions in the south (immediate effect of increasing UTCI on road accidents in summer), and the colder south-eastern regions (increasing hospital admissions for lung, heart and external reasons in winter with UTCI). Districts with high percentages of elderly suffered from higher morbidity and mortality, particularly in winter. The influences of UTCI as well as the spatial and temporal patterns of this influence call for improved infrastructure planning and resource allocation in the health sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ghada
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Donna P. Ankerst
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jung S, Zhao F, Menzel A. Establishing the twig method for investigations on pollen characteristics of allergenic tree species. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1983-1993. [PMID: 34043087 PMCID: PMC8536639 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The twig method in climate chambers has been shown to successfully work as a proxy for outdoor manipulations in various experimental setups. This study was conducted to further establish this method for the investigation of allergenic pollen from tree species (hazel, alder, and birch). Direct comparison under outdoor conditions revealed that the cut twigs compared to donor trees were similar in the timing of flowering and the amount of pollen produced. Cut twigs were able to flower in climate chambers and produced a sufficient amount of pollen for subsequent laboratory analysis. The addition of different plant or tissue fertilizers in the irrigation of the twigs did not have any influence; rather, the regular exchange of water and the usage of fungicide were sufficient for reaching the stage of flowering. In the experimental setup, the twigs were cut in different intervals before the actual flowering and were put under warming conditions in the climate chamber. An impact of warming on the timing of flowering/pollen characteristics could be seen for the investigated species. Therefore, the twig method is well applicable for experimental settings in pollen research simulating, e.g., accelerated warming under climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jung
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Feng Zhao
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rojo J, Oteros J, Picornell A, Maya-Manzano JM, Damialis A, Zink K, Werchan M, Werchan B, Smith M, Menzel A, Timpf S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Bergmann KC, Schmidt-Weber CB, Buters J. Effects of future climate change on birch abundance and their pollen load. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:5934-5949. [PMID: 34363285 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems will worsen public health issues like allergic diseases. Birch trees (Betula spp.) are important sources of aeroallergens in Central and Northern Europe. Birches are vulnerable to climate change as these trees are sensitive to increased temperatures and summer droughts. This study aims to examine the effect of climate change on airborne birch pollen concentrations in Central Europe using Bavaria in Southern Germany as a case study. Pollen data from 28 monitoring stations in Bavaria were used in this study, with time series of up 30 years long. An integrative approach was used to model airborne birch pollen concentrations taking into account drivers influencing birch tree abundance and birch pollen production and projections made according to different climate change and socioeconomic scenarios. Birch tree abundance is projected to decrease in parts of Bavaria at different rates, depending on the climate scenario, particularly in current centres of the species distribution. Climate change is expected to result in initial increases in pollen load but, due to the reduction in birch trees, the amount of airborne birch pollen will decrease at lower altitudes. Conversely, higher altitude areas will experience expansions in birch tree distribution and subsequent increases in airborne birch pollen in the future. Even considering restrictions for migration rates, increases in pollen load are likely in Southwestern areas, where positive trends have already been detected during the last three decades. Integrating models for the distribution and abundance of pollen sources and the drivers that control birch pollen production allowed us to model airborne birch pollen concentrations in the future. The magnitude of changes depends on location and climate change scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rojo
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Picornell
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - José M Maya-Manzano
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Zink
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Schwerpunkt Klima und Energie, Referat KliZ: Klima-Zentrum, Hof/Saale, Germany
| | - Matthias Werchan
- German Pollen Information Service Foundation (PID), Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbora Werchan
- German Pollen Information Service Foundation (PID), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matt Smith
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Annette Menzel
- School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Sabine Timpf
- Institute of Geography, Geoinformatics Group, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gasmi A, Mujawdiya PK, Noor S, Piscopo S, Menzel A. Lifestyle Genetics-Based Reports in the Treatment of Obesity. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:707-719. [PMID: 35096307 PMCID: PMC8790989 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356057.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity becomes a chronic disease due to the increasing number of mortality and morbidity cases around the world. In most regions, chronic illnesses, such as obesity, are important sources of morbidity and mortality. Due to a lack of effective strategies for prevention and management, the adverse effects of obesity and related diseases on health continue to be a serious problem. Relevant information was searched from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed using such different terms as "Obesity", "Obesity Management", "Obesity AND Physical activity", "Obesity AND Genetics", "Obesity AND Diet", and "Obesity AND Nutrigenomics". Obesity is characterized by a complex interaction of hereditary and lifestyle factors, which includes food. Diet is an environmental element that plays an important and considerable role in the management of health and reduces the risk of obesity and its comorbidities. Changes in lifestyle patterns not only help burn extra calories but also prevent the development of obesity via its modulating effect on genetic factors. Different people respond differently to an obesogenic environment. The notion of nutrigenetics emerged as a result of various genetic variations that may explain this heterogeneity. Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenetics, is the study that investigates and analyses gene variations linked to varied responses to certain foods; moreover, it links this variation to diseases, such as obesity. As a result, tailored nutrition advice based on a person's genetic profile may improve the outcomes of a specific dietary strategy and offer a novel dietary strategy to improve life quality and preventing obesity. This study concluded that physical activity and dietary interventions play an effective role in the management of obesity. Moreover, understanding of the function of the most prominent obesity-related genes, as well as the interaction between nutrition and gene expression, will help researchers design personalized treatment strategies for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P K Mujawdiya
- Inochi Care Private Limited, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- Research and Development Department, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bose AK, Scherrer D, Camarero JJ, Ziche D, Babst F, Bigler C, Bolte A, Dorado-Liñán I, Etzold S, Fonti P, Forrester DI, Gavinet J, Gazol A, de Andrés EG, Karger DN, Lebourgeois F, Lévesque M, Martínez-Sancho E, Menzel A, Neuwirth B, Nicolas M, Sanders TGM, Scharnweber T, Schröder J, Zweifel R, Gessler A, Rigling A. Climate sensitivity and drought seasonality determine post-drought growth recovery of Quercus petraea and Quercus robur in Europe. Sci Total Environ 2021; 784:147222. [PMID: 34088042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified strong relationships between delayed recovery of tree growth after drought and tree mortality caused by subsequent droughts. These observations raise concerns about forest ecosystem services and post-drought growth recovery given the projected increase in drought frequency and extremes. For quantifying the impact of extreme droughts on tree radial growth, we used a network of tree-ring width data of 1689 trees from 100 sites representing most of the distribution of two drought tolerant, deciduous oak species (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur). We first examined which climatic factors and seasons control growth of the two species and if there is any latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trend. We then quantified the relative departure from pre-drought growth during droughts, and how fast trees were able to recover the pre-drought growth level. Our results showed that growth was more related to precipitation and climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) than to temperature. However, we did not detect any clear latitudinal, longitudinal or elevational trends except a decreasing influence of summer water balance on growth of Q. petraea with latitude. Neither species was able to maintain the pre-drought growth level during droughts. However, both species showed rapid recovery or even growth compensation after summer droughts but displayed slow recovery in response to spring droughts where none of the two species was able to fully recover the pre-drought growth-level over the three post-drought years. Collectively, our results indicate that oaks which are considered resilient to extreme droughts have also shown vulnerability when droughts occurred in spring especially at sites where long-term growth is not significantly correlated with climatic factors. This improved understanding of the role of drought seasonality and climate sensitivity of sites is key to better predict trajectories of post-drought growth recovery in response to the drier climate projected for Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Bose
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Daniel Scherrer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Christof Bigler
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Universitätstrasse 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophia Etzold
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David I Forrester
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jordane Gavinet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| | - Ester González de Andrés
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Apdo. 202, Zaragoza E-50192, Spain
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathieu Lévesque
- ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Universitätstrasse 22, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Annette Menzel
- Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Nicolas
- Departement Recherche et Développement, ONF, Office National des Fôrets, Batiment B, Boulevard de Constance, Fontainebleau F-77300, France
| | - Tanja G M Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr.15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Schröder
- Faculty of Forest and Environment, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Roman Zweifel
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baur S, Peters W, Oettenheym T, Menzel A. Weather conditions during hunting season affect the number of harvested roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10178-10191. [PMID: 34367568 PMCID: PMC8328461 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to human-induced climate and landscape changes, distribution and abundance of many ungulate species have increased worldwide. Especially in areas where natural predators are absent, hunting is the essential management tool for regulating ungulate populations. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with harvest rates is the first step toward an adaptive management approach. Weather influences hunter and ungulate behavior and thus presumably harvest, but how and which meteorological parameters are linked to harvest numbers have rarely been evaluated. We used nearly 65,000 "sit and wait" and driven hunt harvests of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Bavaria, Germany, and weather data from 2008 to 2017 to test for factors affecting roe deer harvests (i.e., temperature, rain hours, wind speed, sunshine duration, snow depth, workdays vs. weekends, month) using zero-inflated negative binomial mixed-effect models. Our results reveal that, besides workdays, high temperatures and prolonged rain resulted in fewer harvested animals, whereas sunshine duration in summer and snow height in snow-rich areas partially favored harvests during sitting hunts in summer and winter, respectively. The influence of wind speed varied over the course of the year. In summer and autumn, wind speed commonly had a negative effect, positively affecting harvests in winter in some regions. Daily harvest numbers decreased during the summer and autumn hunting periods (May till mid-October), while they increased during the winter period (mid-October till mid-January). Interestingly, harvest success during driven hunts, which are planned well in advance and therefore take place largely independent of weather conditions, was similarly affected by the weather. This result suggests that the inferred weather influence is not only due to the hunters' decisions but also due to deer behavior. Since many ungulate populations may further benefit from climate change, building an understanding of the relationship between hunting success and weather will aid adaptive ungulate management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Baur
- Department of Life Science Systems ‐ Professorship of EcoclimatologyTUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Wibke Peters
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF)FreisingGermany
| | - Tobias Oettenheym
- Department of Life Science Systems ‐ Professorship of EcoclimatologyTUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems ‐ Professorship of EcoclimatologyTUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS)Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yuan Y, Härer S, Ottenheym T, Misra G, Lüpke A, Estrella N, Menzel A. Maps, trends, and temperature sensitivities-phenological information from and for decreasing numbers of volunteer observers. Int J Biometeorol 2021; 65:1377-1390. [PMID: 33694098 PMCID: PMC8346396 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02110-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenology serves as a major indicator of ongoing climate change. Long-term phenological observations are critically important for tracking and communicating these changes. The phenological observation network across Germany is operated by the National Meteorological Service with a major contribution from volunteering activities. However, the number of observers has strongly decreased for the last decades, possibly resulting in increasing uncertainties when extracting reliable phenological information from map interpolation. We studied uncertainties in interpolated maps from decreasing phenological records, by comparing long-term trends based on grid-based interpolated and station-wise observed time series, as well as their correlations with temperature. Interpolated maps in spring were characterized by the largest spatial variabilities across Bavaria, Germany, with respective lowest interpolated uncertainties. Long-term phenological trends for both interpolations and observations exhibited mean advances of -0.2 to -0.3 days year-1 for spring and summer, while late autumn and winter showed a delay of around 0.1 days year-1. Throughout the year, temperature sensitivities were consistently stronger for interpolated time series than observations. Such a better representation of regional phenology by interpolation was equally supported by satellite-derived phenological indices. Nevertheless, simulation of observer numbers indicated that a decline to less than 40% leads to a strong decrease in interpolation accuracy. To better understand the risk of declining phenological observations and to motivate volunteer observers, a Shiny app is proposed to visualize spatial and temporal phenological patterns across Bavaria and their links to climate change-induced temperature changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Stefan Härer
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Ottenheym
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gourav Misra
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T12K8AF, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Geography, University College Cork, T12K8AF, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alissa Lüpke
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jung S, Estrella N, Pfaffl MW, Hartmann S, Ewald F, Menzel A. Impact of elevated air temperature and drought on pollen characteristics of major agricultural grass species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248759. [PMID: 33770086 PMCID: PMC7997036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pollen allergens are known to be one of the major triggers of hay fever with an increasing number of humans affected by pollen associated health impacts. Climate change characterized by increasing air temperature and more frequent drought periods might affect plant development and pollen characteristics. In this study a one-year (2017) field experiment was conducted in Bavaria, Germany, simulating drought by excluding rain and elevated air temperature by installing a heating system to investigate their effects primarily on the allergenic potential of eight selected cultivars of the two grass species timothy and perennial ryegrass. It could be shown for timothy that especially under drought and heat conditions the allergen content is significantly lower accompanied by a decrease in pollen weight and protein content. In perennial ryegrass the response to drought and heat conditions in terms of allergen content, pollen weight, and protein content was more dependent on the respective cultivar probably due to varying requirements for their growth conditions and tolerance to drought and heat. Results support recommendations which cultivars should be grown preferentially. The optimal choice of grass species and respective cultivars under changing climate conditions should be a major key aspect for the public health sector in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jung
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology & Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephan Hartmann
- Institute for Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, Germany
| | - Franziska Ewald
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Menzel A, Ghasemifard H, Yuan Y, Estrella N. A First Pre-season Pollen Transport Climatology to Bavaria, Germany. Front Allergy 2021; 2:627863. [PMID: 35386987 PMCID: PMC8974717 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.627863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate impacts on the pollen season are well-described however less is known on how frequently atmospheric transport influences the start of the pollen season. Based on long-term phenological flowering and airborne pollen data (1987–2017) for six stations and seven taxa across Bavaria, Germany, we studied changes in the pollen season, compared pollen and flowering season start dates to determine pollen sources, and analyzed the likelihood of pollen transport by HYSPLIT back trajectories. Species advanced their pollen season more in early spring (e.g., Corylus and Alnus by up to 2 days yr−1) than in mid spring (Betula, Fraxinus, Pinus); Poaceae and Artemisia exhibited mixed trends in summer. Annual pollen sums mainly increased for Corylus and decreased for Poaceae and Artemisia. Start of pollen season trends largely deviated from flowering trends, especially for Corylus and Alnus. Transport phenomena, which rely on comparisons between flowering and pollen dates, were determined for 2005–2015 at three stations. Pre-season pollen was a common phenomenon: airborne pollen was predominantly observed earlier than flowering (median 17 days) and in general, in 63% of the cases (except for Artemisia and Poaceae, and the alpine location) the pollen sources were non-local (transported). In 54% (35%) of these cases, back trajectories confirmed (partly confirmed) the pre-season transport, only in 11% of the cases transport modeling failed to explain the records. Even within the main pollen season, 70% of pollen season start dates were linked to transport. At the alpine station, non-local pollen sources (both from outside Bavaria as well as Bavarian lowlands) predominated, in only 13% of these cases transport could not be confirmed by back trajectories. This prominent role of pollen transport has important implications for the length, the timing, and the severity of the allergenic pollen season, indicating only a weak dependency on flowering of local pollen sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Homa Ghasemifard
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ye Yuan
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ghada W, Estrella N, Pfoerringer D, Kanz KG, Bogner-Flatz V, Ankerst DP, Menzel A. Effects of weather, air pollution and Oktoberfest on ambulance-transported emergency department admissions in Munich, Germany. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:143772. [PMID: 33229084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change and increasing risks of extreme weather events affect human health and lead to changes in the emergency department (ED) admissions and the emergency medical services (EMS) operations. For a better allocation of resources in the healthcare system, it is essential to predict ED numbers based on environmental variables. This publication aims to quantify weather, air pollution and calendar-related effects on daily ED admissions. METHODS Analyses were based on 575,725 admissions from the web-based IVENA system recording all patients in the greater Munich area with pre-hospital emergency care in ambulance operations during 2014-2018. Linear models were used to identify statistically significant associations between daily ED admissions and calendar, meteorological and pollution factors, allowing for lag effects of one to three days. Separate analyses were performed for seasons, with additional subset analyses by sex, age and surgical versus internal department. RESULTS ED admissions were exceptionally high during the three-week Oktoberfest, particularly for males and on the weekends, as well as during the New Year holiday. Admissions significantly increased during the years of study, decreased in spring and summer holidays, and were lower on Sundays while higher on Mondays. In the warmer seasons, admissions were significantly associated with higher temperature, adjusting for the effects of sunshine and humidity in all age groups except for the elderly. Adverse weather conditions in non-summer seasons were either linked to increasing ED admissions (from storms, gust) or decreasing them from rain. Mostly, but not exclusively, in winter, increasing ED admissions were associated with colder minimum temperatures as well as with higher NO and PM10 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In addition to standard calendar-related factors, incorporating seasonal weather, air pollutant and interactions with patient demographics into resource planning models can improve the daily allocation of resources and staff of EMS operations at hospital and city levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ghada
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Nicole Estrella
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dominik Pfoerringer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Georg Kanz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Emergency Medical Services Authority, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktoria Bogner-Flatz
- Emergency Medical Services Authority, Munich, Germany; Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Donna P Ankerst
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Geng X, Fu YH, Hao F, Zhou X, Zhang X, Yin G, Vitasse Y, Piao S, Niu K, De Boeck HJ, Menzel A, Peñuelas J. Climate warming increases spring phenological differences among temperate trees. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:5979-5987. [PMID: 32757456 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has substantially advanced spring leaf flushing, but winter chilling and photoperiod co-determine the leaf flushing process in ways that vary among species. As a result, the interspecific differences in spring phenology (IDSP) are expected to change with climate warming, which may, in turn, induce negative or positive ecological consequences. However, the temporal change of IDSP at large spatiotemporal scales remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed long-term in-situ observations (1951-2016) of six, coexisting temperate tree species from 305 sites across Central Europe and found that phenological ranking did not change when comparing the rapidly warming period 1984-2016 to the marginally warming period 1951-1983. However, the advance of leaf flushing was significantly larger in early-flushing species EFS (6.7 ± 0.3 days) than in late-flushing species LFS (5.9 ± 0.2 days) between the two periods, indicating extended IDSP. This IDSP extension could not be explained by differences in temperature sensitivity between EFS and LFS; however, climatic warming-induced heat accumulation effects on leaf flushing, which were linked to a greater heat requirement and higher photoperiod sensitivity in LFS, drove the shifts in IDSP. Continued climate warming is expected to further extend IDSP across temperate trees, with associated implications for ecosystem function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Geng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fanghua Hao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Zhou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Yin
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kechang Niu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bose AK, Gessler A, Bolte A, Bottero A, Buras A, Cailleret M, Camarero JJ, Haeni M, Hereş A, Hevia A, Lévesque M, Linares JC, Martinez‐Vilalta J, Matías L, Menzel A, Sánchez‐Salguero R, Saurer M, Vennetier M, Ziche D, Rigling A. Growth and resilience responses of Scots pine to extreme droughts across Europe depend on predrought growth conditions. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4521-4537. [PMID: 32388882 PMCID: PMC7383776 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is expected to further raise the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as droughts. The effects of extreme droughts on trees are difficult to disentangle given the inherent complexity of drought events (frequency, severity, duration, and timing during the growing season). Besides, drought effects might be modulated by trees' phenotypic variability, which is, in turn, affected by long-term local selective pressures and management legacies. Here we investigated the magnitude and the temporal changes of tree-level resilience (i.e., resistance, recovery, and resilience) to extreme droughts. Moreover, we assessed the tree-, site-, and drought-related factors and their interactions driving the tree-level resilience to extreme droughts. We used a tree-ring network of the widely distributed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) along a 2,800 km latitudinal gradient from southern Spain to northern Germany. We found that the resilience to extreme drought decreased in mid-elevation and low productivity sites from 1980-1999 to 2000-2011 likely due to more frequent and severe droughts in the later period. Our study showed that the impact of drought on tree-level resilience was not dependent on its latitudinal location, but rather on the type of sites trees were growing at and on their growth performances (i.e., magnitude and variability of growth) during the predrought period. We found significant interactive effects between drought duration and tree growth prior to drought, suggesting that Scots pine trees with higher magnitude and variability of growth in the long term are more vulnerable to long and severe droughts. Moreover, our results indicate that Scots pine trees that experienced more frequent droughts over the long-term were less resistant to extreme droughts. We, therefore, conclude that the physiological resilience to extreme droughts might be constrained by their growth prior to drought, and that more frequent and longer drought periods may overstrain their potential for acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Bose
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulnaBangladesh
| | - Arthur Gessler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest EcosystemsEberswaldeGermany
| | - Alessandra Bottero
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Allan Buras
- Land Surface‐Atmosphere InteractionsTechnische Universitat MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- UMR RECOVER/Ecosystèmes Méditerranéens et RisquesINRAEAix‐en‐Provencecedex 5France
| | | | - Matthias Haeni
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Ana‐Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest SciencesTransilvania University of BraşovBraşovRomania
- BC3 ‐ Basque Centre for Climate ChangeScientific Campus of the University of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Andrea Hevia
- Departamento de Ciencias AgroforestalesUniversidad de HuelvaPalos de la FronteraSpain
| | | | - Juan C. Linares
- Depto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y NaturalesUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Jordi Martinez‐Vilalta
- CREAFBellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès)Spain
| | - Luis Matías
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y EcologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Annette Menzel
- EcoclimatologyTechnische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnische Universität MünchenGarchingGermany
| | - Raúl Sánchez‐Salguero
- Depto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y NaturalesUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Matthias Saurer
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Michel Vennetier
- UMR RECOVER/Ecosystèmes Méditerranéens et RisquesINRAEAix‐en‐Provencecedex 5France
| | - Daniel Ziche
- Thünen Institute of Forest EcosystemsEberswaldeGermany
- Faculty of Forest and EnvironmentEberswalde University for Sustainable DevelopmentEberswaldeGermany
| | - Andreas Rigling
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- SwissForestLabBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo Y, El-Madany T, Ma X, Nair R, Jung M, Weber U, Filippa G, Bucher SF, Moreno G, Cremonese E, Carrara A, Gonzalez-Cascon R, Cáceres Escudero Y, Galvagno M, Pacheco-Labrador J, Martín MP, Perez-Priego O, Reichstein M, Richardson AD, Menzel A, Römermann C, Migliavacca M. Nutrients and water availability constrain the seasonality of vegetation activity in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4379-4400. [PMID: 32348631 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and resulting differences in ecosystem N and phosphorus (P) ratios are expected to impact photosynthetic capacity, that is, maximum gross primary productivity (GPPmax ). However, the interplay between N and P availability with other critical resources on seasonal dynamics of ecosystem productivity remains largely unknown. In a Mediterranean tree-grass ecosystem, we established three landscape-level (24 ha) nutrient addition treatments: N addition (NT), N and P addition (NPT), and a control site (CT). We analyzed the response of ecosystem to altered nutrient stoichiometry using eddy covariance fluxes measurements, satellite observations, and digital repeat photography. A set of metrics, including phenological transition dates (PTDs; timing of green-up and dry-down), slopes during green-up and dry-down period, and seasonal amplitude, were extracted from time series of GPPmax and used to represent the seasonality of vegetation activity. The seasonal amplitude of GPPmax was higher for NT and NPT than CT, which was attributed to changes in structure and physiology induced by fertilization. PTDs were mainly driven by rainfall and exhibited no significant differences among treatments during the green-up period. Yet, both fertilized sites senesced earlier during the dry-down period (17-19 days), which was more pronounced in the NT due to larger evapotranspiration and water usage. Fertilization also resulted in a faster increase in GPPmax during the green-up period and a sharper decline in GPPmax during the dry-down period, with less prominent decline response in NPT. Overall, we demonstrated seasonality of vegetation activity was altered after fertilization and the importance of nutrient-water interaction in such water-limited ecosystems. With the projected warming-drying trend, the positive effects of N fertilization induced by N deposition on GPPmax may be counteracted by an earlier and faster dry-down in particular in areas where the N:P ratio increases, with potential impact on the carbon cycle of water-limited ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Luo
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Tarek El-Madany
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Xuanlong Ma
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Nair
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianluca Filippa
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Solveig F Bucher
- Plant Biodiversity Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Institute for Dehesa Research, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Arnaud Carrara
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Spain
| | - Rosario Gonzalez-Cascon
- Department of Environment, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Galvagno
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Javier Pacheco-Labrador
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - M Pilar Martín
- Environmental Remote Sensing and Spectroscopy Laboratory (SpecLab), Institute of Economic, Geography and Demography (IEGD-CCHS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Perez-Priego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew D Richardson
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Plant Biodiversity Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Menzel A, Yuan Y, Matiu M, Sparks T, Scheifinger H, Gehrig R, Estrella N. Climate change fingerprints in recent European plant phenology. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2599-2612. [PMID: 31950538 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A paper published in Global Change Biology in 2006 revealed that phenological responses in 1971-2000 matched the warming pattern in Europe, but a lack of chilling and adaptation in farming may have reversed these findings. Therefore, for 1951-2018 in a corresponding data set, we determined changes as linear trends and analysed their variation by plant traits/groups, across season and time as well as their attribution to warming following IPCC methodology. Although spring and summer phases in wild plants advanced less (maximum advances in 1978-2007), more (~90%) and more significant (~60%) negative trends were present, being stronger in early spring, at higher elevations, but smaller for nonwoody insect-pollinated species. These trends were strongly attributable to winter and spring warming. Findings for crop spring phases were similar, but were less pronounced. There were clearer and attributable signs for a delayed senescence in response to winter and spring warming. These changes resulted in a longer growing season, but a constant generative period in wild plants and a shortened one in agricultural crops. Phenology determined by farmers' decisions differed noticeably from the purely climatic driven phases with smaller percentages of advancing (~75%) trends, but farmers' spring activities were the only group with reinforced advancement, suggesting adaptation. Trends in farmers' spring and summer activities were very likely/likely associated with the warming pattern. In contrast, the advance in autumn farming phases was significantly associated with below average summer warming. Thus, under ongoing climate change with decreased chilling the advancing phenology in spring and summer is still attributable to warming; even the farmers' activities in these seasons mirror, to a lesser extent, the warming. Our findings point to adaptation to climate change in agriculture and reveal diverse implications for terrestrial ecosystems; the strong attribution supports the necessary mediation of warming impacts to the general public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ye Yuan
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Matiu
- Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tim Sparks
- Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Regula Gehrig
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lavergne A, Voelker S, Csank A, Graven H, de Boer HJ, Daux V, Robertson I, Dorado-Liñán I, Martínez-Sancho E, Battipaglia G, Bloomfield KJ, Still CJ, Meinzer FC, Dawson TE, Julio Camarero J, Clisby R, Fang Y, Menzel A, Keen RM, Roden JS, Prentice IC. Historical changes in the stomatal limitation of photosynthesis: empirical support for an optimality principle. New Phytol 2020; 225:2484-2497. [PMID: 31696932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of leaf internal (ci ) to ambient (ca ) partial pressure of CO2 , defined here as χ, is an index of adjustments in both leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate to environmental conditions. Measurements and proxies of this ratio can be used to constrain vegetation model uncertainties for predicting terrestrial carbon uptake and water use. We test a theory based on the least-cost optimality hypothesis for modelling historical changes in χ over the 1951-2014 period, across different tree species and environmental conditions, as reconstructed from stable carbon isotopic measurements across a global network of 103 absolutely dated tree-ring chronologies. The theory predicts optimal χ as a function of air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, ca and atmospheric pressure. The theoretical model predicts 39% of the variance in χ values across sites and years, but underestimates the intersite variability in the reconstructed χ trends, resulting in only 8% of the variance in χ trends across years explained by the model. Overall, our results support theoretical predictions that variations in χ are tightly regulated by the four environmental drivers. They also suggest that explicitly accounting for the effects of plant-available soil water and other site-specific characteristics might improve the predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliénor Lavergne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steve Voelker
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Adam Csank
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Heather Graven
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Daux
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Iain Robertson
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Christopher J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5704, USA
| | - Frederick C Meinzer
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, 97331-8550, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3200, USA
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), E-50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rory Clisby
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Yunting Fang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rachel M Keen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - John S Roden
- Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Damialis A, Bayr D, Leier-Wirtz V, Kolek F, Plaza M, Kaschuba S, Gilles S, Oteros J, Buters J, Menzel A, Straub A, Seubert S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gerstlauer M, Beck C, Philipp A. Thunderstorm Asthma: In Search For Relationships With Airborne Pollen And Fungal Spores From 23 Sites In Bavaria, Germany. A Rare Incident Or A Common Threat? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Menzel A, Yuan Y, Hamann A, Ohl U, Matiu M. Chilling and Forcing From Cut Twigs-How to Simplify Phenological Experiments for Citizen Science. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:561413. [PMID: 33013980 PMCID: PMC7498619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.561413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost phenological experiments with cut twigs are increasingly used to study bud development in response to spring warming and photoperiod. However, a broader variety of species needs to be tackled and in particular the influence of insufficient winter chilling deserves more attention. Therefore, we investigated if and how chilling requirements can be efficiently investigated by cut twigs and how this low-tech approach could be successfully implemented as a citizen science or school project. We conducted an experiment on bud burst and leaf development of Corylus avellana L. twigs, with natural chilling outdoors on a shrub (S) and another chilling treatment as cut twigs in containers (C), and subsequent forcing indoors. Subsampling of the number of cutting dates and number of twigs was used to infer minimum required sample sizes. Apart from insufficiently chilled twigs, ~80% of the twigs (both S and C) reached leaf out. For multiple definitions of chilling and forcing, a negative exponential relationship was revealed between chilling and amount of forcing needed to reach certain developmental stages. At least 5 out of 15 cutting dates or alternatively half of the 10 twig repetitions, but especially those mirroring low chilling conditions, were needed to describe the chilling-forcing relationship with some degree of robustness. In addition, for cutting dates with long chilling, i.e., from January onwards, freshly cut twigs (S) required significantly more forcing to reach bud burst than twigs from containers (C), although the effect was small. In general, chilling conditions of mature shrubs were well captured by cut twigs, therefore opening the possibility of chilling through refrigeration. We conclude that experimental protocols as outlined here are feasible for citizen scientists, school projects, and science education, and would have the potential to advance the research field if carried out on a large scale. We provide an easy-to-use Shiny simulation app to enable citizen scientists to build up a bud development model based on their own experimental data and then simulate future phenological development with winter and/or spring warming. This may encourage them to further study other aspects of climate change and the impacts of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- *Correspondence: Annette Menzel,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Hamann
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ulrike Ohl
- Geography Education, Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Matiu
- Institute for Earth Observation, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Picornell A, Buters J, Rojo J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Damialis A, Menzel A, Bergmann KC, Werchan M, Schmidt-Weber C, Oteros J. Predicting the start, peak and end of the Betula pollen season in Bavaria, Germany. Sci Total Environ 2019; 690:1299-1309. [PMID: 31470492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Betula pollen is frequently found in the atmosphere of central and northern Europe. Betula pollen are health relevant as they cause severe allergic reactions in the population. We developed models of thermal requirements to predict start, peak and end dates of the Betula main pollen season for Bavaria (Germany). Betula pollen data of one season from 19 locations were used to train the models. Estimated dates were compared with observed dates, and the errors were spatially represented. External validation was carried out with time series datasets of 3 different locations (36years in total). RESULTS: The temperature requirements to detonate the main pollen season proved non-linear. For the start date model (error of 8,75days during external validation), daily mean temperatures above a threshold of 10°C from 28th of February onwards were the most relevant. The peak model (error of 3.58days) takes into account mean daily temperatures accumulated since the first date of the main pollen season in which the daily average temperature exceeded 11°C. The end model (error of 3.75days) takes into account all temperatures accumulated since the start of the main pollen season. CONCLUSION: These models perform predictions that enable the allergic population to better manage their disease. With the established relationship between temperatures and pollen season dates, changes in the phenological behaviour of Betula species due to climate change can be also estimated in future studies by taking into account the different climate scenarios proposed by previous climate change studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Picornell
- Department of Botany and Vegetal Physiology, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, Malaga s/n, E-29071, Spain.
| | - J Buters
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - J Rojo
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Toledo, Spain
| | - C Traidl-Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - A Damialis
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Menzel
- Technische Universität München, Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Freising, Germany
| | - K C Bergmann
- Foundation German Pollen Information Service (PID), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Werchan
- Foundation German Pollen Information Service (PID), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - J Oteros
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Oteros J, Sofiev M, Smith M, Clot B, Damialis A, Prank M, Werchan M, Wachter R, Weber A, Kutzora S, Heinze S, Herr CEW, Menzel A, Bergmann KC, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schmidt-Weber CB, Buters JTM. Building an automatic pollen monitoring network (ePIN): Selection of optimal sites by clustering pollen stations. Sci Total Environ 2019; 688:1263-1274. [PMID: 31726556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pollen is a recognized biological indicator and its monitoring has multiple uses such as providing a tool for allergy diagnosis and prevention. There is a knowledge gap related to the distribution of pollen traps needed to achieve representative biomonitoring in a region. The aim of this manuscript is to suggest a method for setting up a pollen network (monitoring method, monitoring conditions, number and location of samplers etc.). As a case study, we describe the distribution of pollen across Bavaria and the design of the Bavarian pollen monitoring network (ePIN), the first operational automatic pollen network worldwide. We established and ran a dense pollen monitoring network of 27 manual Hirst-type pollen traps across Bavaria, Germany, during 2015. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the data was then performed to select the locations for the sites of the final pollen monitoring network. According to our method, Bavaria can be clustered into three large pollen regions with eight zones. Within each zone, pollen diversity and distribution among different locations does not vary significantly. Based on the pollen zones, we opted to place one automatic monitoring station per zone resulting in the ePIN network, serving 13 million inhabitants. The described method defines stations representative for a homogeneous aeropalynologically region, which reduces redundancy within the network and subsequent costs (in the study case from 27 to 8 locations). Following this method, resources in pollen monitoring networks can be optimized and allergic citizens can then be informed in a timely and effective way, even in larger geographical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Oteros
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikhail Sofiev
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matt Smith
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, UK
| | - Bernard Clot
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum M., Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marje Prank
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Werchan
- Foundation German Pollen Information Service (PID), Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Wachter
- Foundation German Pollen Information Service (PID), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alisa Weber
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kutzora
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline E W Herr
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL), Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Technische Universität München, Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Freising, Germany; Technische Universität München, Institute for Advanced Study, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum M., Augsburg, Germany; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen T M Buters
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sang Z, Sebastian‐Azcona J, Hamann A, Menzel A, Hacke U. Adaptive limitations of white spruce populations to drought imply vulnerability to climate change in its western range. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1850-1860. [PMID: 31548862 PMCID: PMC6752154 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective climate change adaptation strategy for the forestry sector is to move seed sources to more northern and higher elevation planting sites as part of ongoing reforestation programs. This is meant to match locally adapted populations with anticipated environments, but adaptive traits do not always show population differences suitable to mitigate climate change impacts. For white spruce, drought tolerance is a critical adaptive trait to prevent mortality and productivity losses. Here, we use a 40-year-old provenance experiment that has been exposed to severe drought periods in 1999 and 2002 to retrospectively investigate drought response and the adaptive capacity of white spruce populations across their boreal range. Relying on dendrochronological analysis under experimentally controlled environments, we evaluate population differences in resistance, resilience, and recovery to these extreme events. Results showed evidence for population differentiation in resistance and recovery parameters, but provenances conformed to approximately the same growth rates under drought conditions and had similar resilience metrics. The lack of populations with better growth rates under drought conditions is contrary to expectations for a wide-ranging species with distinct regional climates. Populations from the wettest environments in the northeastern boreal were surprisingly drought-tolerant, suggesting that these populations would readily resist water deficits projected for the 2080s, and supporting the view that northeastern Canada will provide a refugium for boreal species under climate change. The findings also suggest that white spruce is sensitive to growth reductions under climate change in the western boreal. The study highlights that population differentiation in adaptive capacity is species- and trait-specific, and we provide a counterexample for drought tolerance traits, where assisted migration prescriptions may be ineffective to mitigate climate change impacts. For resource managers and policy makers, we provide maps where planning for widespread declines of boreal white spruce forests may be unavoidable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihaohan Sang
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | | | - Andreas Hamann
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Institute for Advanced StudyTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Uwe Hacke
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Seidel H, Matiu M, Menzel A. Compensatory Growth of Scots Pine Seedlings Mitigates Impacts of Multiple Droughts Within and Across Years. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:519. [PMID: 31105722 PMCID: PMC6491932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tree seedling resistance to and recovery from abiotic stressors such as drought and warming are crucial for forest regeneration and persistence. Selection of more resilient provenances and their use in forest management programs might alleviate pressures of climate change on forest ecosystems. Scots pine forests in particular have suffered frequent drought-induced mortality, suggesting high vulnerability to extreme events. Here, we conducted an experiment using potted Scots pine seedlings from ten provenances of its south-western distribution range to investigate provenance-specific impacts of multiple drought events. Seedlings were grown under ambient and elevated temperatures for 1.5 years and were subjected to consecutive droughts during spring and summer. Growth (height, diameter, and needle) and spring phenology were monitored during the whole study period and complemented by biomass assessments (bud, needle, wood, and needle/wood ratio) as well as measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and of needle stable carbon isotope ratio. Phenology, growth and biomass parameters as well as carbon isotope ratio and their (direct) responses to reoccurring droughts differed between provenances, indicating genotypic adaptation. Seedling growth was plastic during drought with intra- and inter-annual compensatory growth after drought stress release (carryover effects), however, not fully compensating the initial impact. For (smaller) seedlings from southern/drier origins, sometimes greater drought resistance was observed which diminished under warmer conditions in the greenhouse. Warming increased diameter growth and advanced phenological development, which was (partly) delayed by drought in 2013, but advanced in 2014. Earlier phenology was linked to higher growth in 2013, but interestingly later phenology had positive effects on wood and needle biomass when subjected to drought. Lastly, stable carbon isotope ratios indicated a clear drought response of carbon assimilation. Drought-induced reduction of the photosystem II efficiency was only observed under warmer conditions but showed compensation under ambient temperatures. Besides these direct drought impacts, also interactive effects of previous drought events were shown, either reinforcing or sometimes attenuating the actual impact. Thus, depending on amount and timing of events, Scots pine seedlings, particularly from southern origins, might be well adapted and resilient to drought stress and should be considered when discussing assisted migration under changing climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Seidel
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Matiu
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Earth Observation, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Annette Menzel
- Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dorado-Liñán I, Piovesan G, Martínez-Sancho E, Gea-Izquierdo G, Zang C, Cañellas I, Castagneri D, Di Filippo A, Gutiérrez E, Ewald J, Fernández-de-Uña L, Hornstein D, Jantsch MC, Levanič T, Mellert KH, Vacchiano G, Zlatanov T, Menzel A. Geographical adaptation prevails over species-specific determinism in trees' vulnerability to climate change at Mediterranean rear-edge forests. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1296-1314. [PMID: 30548989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may reduce forest growth and increase forest mortality, which is connected to high carbon costs through reductions in gross primary production and net ecosystem exchange. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns of vulnerability to both short-term extreme events and gradual environmental changes are quite uncertain across the species' limits of tolerance to dryness. Such information is fundamental for defining ecologically relevant upper limits of species tolerance to drought and, hence, to predict the risk of increased forest mortality and shifts in species composition. We investigate here to what extent the impact of short- and long-term environmental changes determines vulnerability to climate change of three evergreen conifers (Scots pine, silver fir, Norway spruce) and two deciduous hardwoods (European beech, sessile oak) tree species at their southernmost limits of distribution in the Mediterranean Basin. Finally, we simulated future forest growth under RCP 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios using a multispecies generalized linear mixed model. Our analysis provides four key insights into the patterns of species' vulnerability to climate change. First, site climatic marginality was significantly linked to the growth trends: increasing growth was related to less climatically limited sites. Second, estimated species-specific vulnerability did not match their a priori rank in drought tolerance: Scots pine and beech seem to be the most vulnerable species among those studied despite their contrasting physiologies. Third, adaptation to site conditions prevails over species-specific determinism in forest response to climate change. And fourth, regional differences in forests vulnerability to climate change across the Mediterranean Basin are linked to the influence of summer atmospheric circulation patterns, which are not correctly represented in global climate models. Thus, projections of forest performance should reconsider the traditional classification of tree species in functional types and critically evaluate the fine-scale limitations of the climate data generated by global climate models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Research Centre (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- DendrologyLab, DAFNE, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christian Zang
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Alfredo Di Filippo
- DendrologyLab, DAFNE, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joerg Ewald
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Hornstein
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Tom Levanič
- Department of Forest Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karl H Mellert
- Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, University of Technology, Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Tzvetan Zlatanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hillabrand RM, Lieffers VJ, Hogg EH, Martínez-Sancho E, Menzel A, Hacke UG. Functional xylem anatomy of aspen exhibits greater change due to insect defoliation than to drought. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:45-54. [PMID: 29982833 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of tree rings can reveal long-term records of a tree's response to the environment. This dendroecological approach, when supplemented with finer-scale observations of the xylem anatomy, can provide novel information about a tree's year-to-year anatomical and hydraulic adjustments. Here we use this method in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to identify xylem response to drought and insect defoliation. Surprisingly, we found that precipitation influenced vessel diameter mostly in the trees' youth, while this correlation was less pronounced at maturity. This is likely due to a reduction in stress the stand experiences as it ages, and reflects an ability to mediate drought stress as trees mature. Defoliation events caused consistent and profound changes in fiber anatomy likely leading to reduced structural support to vessels. We therefore expect that in years of defoliation trees may be vulnerable to drought-induced cavitation when leaf area recovers. This study highlights how the inclusion of cellular level measurements in tree ring studies provides additional information on how stress events may alter tree functioning through alterations in structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Hillabrand
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 442 ESB, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - V J Lieffers
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 442 ESB, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E H Hogg
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Martínez-Sancho
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - A Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - U G Hacke
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 442 ESB, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hacket-Pain AJ, Ascoli D, Vacchiano G, Biondi F, Cavin L, Conedera M, Drobyshev I, Liñán ID, Friend AD, Grabner M, Hartl C, Kreyling J, Lebourgeois F, Levanič T, Menzel A, van der Maaten E, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Muffler L, Motta R, Roibu CC, Popa I, Scharnweber T, Weigel R, Wilmking M, Zang CS. Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1833-1844. [PMID: 30230201 PMCID: PMC6446945 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth. We used continent-wide datasets of tree-ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth. Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort ('mast years') is associated with stem growth reduction. Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth. Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable. Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Giorgio Vacchiano
- DISAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Biondi
- DendroLab, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89509, USA
| | - Liam Cavin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Marco Conedera
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, CH-6953, Cadenazzo, Switzerland
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.,Institut de recherche sur les forêts, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 boulevard de l' Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Isabel Dorado Liñán
- Forest Research Centre, (INIA-CIFOR), Ctra. La Coruñna km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew D Friend
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Grabner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Science - BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hartl
- Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 21, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Kreyling
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - François Lebourgeois
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 14 rue Girardet, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Tom Levanič
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Professorship of Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Pienner Str. 8, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | | | - Lena Muffler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renzo Motta
- DISAFA, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | - Ionel Popa
- National Research and Development Institute in Forestry, Marin Drăcea, Calea Bucovinei 73bis, Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Weigel
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian S Zang
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lutz-Bueno V, Arboleda C, Leu L, Blunt MJ, Busch A, Georgiadis A, Bertier P, Schmatz J, Varga Z, Villanueva-Perez P, Wang Z, Lebugle M, David C, Stampanoni M, Diaz A, Guizar-Sicairos M, Menzel A. Model-free classification of X-ray scattering signals applied to image segmentation. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:1378-1386. [PMID: 30279640 PMCID: PMC6157705 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718011032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a modeling framework to relate the molecular orientation of nanostructures to polarized resonant soft X-ray scattering measurements using the Born approximation and a full tensor treatment. In most cases, the analysis of small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively) requires a theoretical model to describe the sample’s scattering, complicating the interpretation of the scattering resulting from complex heterogeneous samples. This is the reason why, in general, the analysis of a large number of scattering patterns, such as are generated by time-resolved and scanning methods, remains challenging. Here, a model-free classification method to separate SAXS/WAXS signals on the basis of their inflection points is introduced and demonstrated. This article focuses on the segmentation of scanning SAXS/WAXS maps for which each pixel corresponds to an azimuthally integrated scattering curve. In such a way, the sample composition distribution can be segmented through signal classification without applying a model or previous sample knowledge. Dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms are employed to classify SAXS/WAXS signals according to their similarity. The number of clusters, i.e. the main sample regions detected by SAXS/WAXS signal similarity, is automatically estimated. From each cluster, a main representative SAXS/WAXS signal is extracted to uncover the spatial distribution of the mixtures of phases that form the sample. As examples of applications, a mudrock sample and two breast tissue lesions are segmented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lutz-Bueno
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C Arboleda
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Leu
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK.,Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 2288 GS, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - M J Blunt
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - A Busch
- Lyell Centre for Marine and Earth Science and Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - A Georgiadis
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., 2288 GS, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - P Bertier
- Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Schmatz
- Microstructure and Pores GmbH, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Z Varga
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Villanueva-Perez
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Z Wang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Lebugle
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C David
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Stampanoni
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - A Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dahl MB, Shchepin O, Schunk C, Menzel A, Novozhilov YK, Schnittler M. A four year survey reveals a coherent pattern between occurrence of fruit bodies and soil amoebae populations for nivicolous myxomycetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11662. [PMID: 30076328 PMCID: PMC6076320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among soil-inhabiting protists, myxomycetes stand out by their macroscopic fructifications which have allowed studies on their ecology and distribution for more than two hundred years. One of the most distinct ecological guilds in myxomycetes are the nivicolous or "snowbank" myxomycete species, which produce fruit bodies at the edge of melting snowbanks in spring. Relationship between the occurrence of fructifications and myxamoebae remain unknown. In this study we used modern molecular techniques, by direct DNA amplification from soil extracts (NGS metabarcoding) to compare the distribution of soil-inhabiting myxamoebae found in 2016 with fructifications from the same sites collected over the course of four years (2013, 2015-17) along an elevational transect in the northern German Alps. A coherent community composition between fructification and soil myxamoebae, though with species-specific differences in relative abundance, was revealed. Although patterns varied among species, myxamoebae were found at both low and high elevations, whereas fruit bodies were mainly found at higher elevations, likely explained by the presence of a stable and long-lasting snow cover. In addition, a year to year comparison of fructification records support the hypothesis that the abundance of fructifications strongly depends on the onset of snowfall in the previous autumn and the soil temperature regime throughout the winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Borg Dahl
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Oleg Shchepin
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St, Petersburg, Russia
| | - Christian Schunk
- Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Yuri K Novozhilov
- V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St, Petersburg, Russia
| | - Martin Schnittler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nagai S, Akitsu T, Saitoh TM, Busey RC, Fukuzawa K, Honda Y, Ichie T, Ide R, Ikawa H, Iwasaki A, Iwao K, Kajiwara K, Kang S, Kim Y, Khoon KL, Kononov AV, Kosugi Y, Maeda T, Mamiya W, Matsuoka M, Maximov TC, Menzel A, Miura T, Mizunuma T, Morozumi T, Motohka T, Muraoka H, Nagano H, Nakai T, Nakaji T, Oguma H, Ohta T, Ono K, Pungga RAS, Petrov RE, Sakai R, Schunk C, Sekikawa S, Shakhmatov R, Son Y, Sugimoto A, Suzuki R, Takagi K, Takanashi S, Tei S, Tsuchida S, Yamamoto H, Yamasaki E, Yamashita M, Yoon TK, Yoshida T, Yoshimura M, Yoshitake S, Wilkinson M, Wingate L, Nasahara KN. 8 million phenological and sky images from 29 ecosystems from the Arctic to the tropics: the Phenological Eyes Network. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
da Silva JC, Guizar-Sicairos M, Holler M, Diaz A, van Bokhoven JA, Bunk O, Menzel A. Quantitative region-of-interest tomography using variable field of view. Opt Express 2018; 26:16752-16768. [PMID: 30119497 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.016752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In X-ray computed tomography, the task of imaging only a local region of interest (ROI) inside a larger sample is very important. However, without a priori information, this ROI cannot be exactly reconstructed using only the image data limited to the ROI. We propose here an approach of region-of-interest tomography, which reconstructs a ROI within an object from projections of different fields of view acquired on a specific angular sampling scheme in the same tomographic experiment. We present a stable procedure that not only yields high-quality images of the ROI but keeps as well the quantitative contrast on the reconstructed images. In addition, we analyze the minimum number of projections required for ROI tomography from the point of view of the band region of the Radon transform, which confirms this number must be estimated based on the size of the entire object and not only on the size of the ROI.
Collapse
|
48
|
Holler M, Raabe J, Diaz A, Guizar-Sicairos M, Wepf R, Odstrcil M, Shaik FR, Panneels V, Menzel A, Sarafimov B, Maag S, Wang X, Thominet V, Walther H, Lachat T, Vitins M, Bunk O. OMNY-A tOMography Nano crYo stage. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:043706. [PMID: 29716370 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For many scientific questions gaining three-dimensional insight into a specimen can provide valuable information. We here present an instrument called "tOMography Nano crYo (OMNY)," dedicated to high resolution 3D scanning x-ray microscopy at cryogenic conditions via hard X-ray ptychography. Ptychography is a lens-less imaging method requiring accurate sample positioning. In OMNY, this in achieved via dedicated laser interferometry and closed-loop position control reaching sub-10 nm positioning accuracy. Cryogenic sample conditions are maintained via conductive cooling. 90 K can be reached when using liquid nitrogen as coolant, and 10 K is possible with liquid helium. A cryogenic sample-change mechanism permits measurements of cryogenically fixed specimens. We compare images obtained with OMNY with older measurements performed using a nitrogen gas cryo-jet of stained, epoxy-embedded retina tissue and of frozen-hydrated Chlamydomonas cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Raabe
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - R Wepf
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy ScopeM, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Odstrcil
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F R Shaik
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Panneels
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Menzel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Sarafimov
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Maag
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - X Wang
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Thominet
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H Walther
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lachat
- EnDes Engineering Partner AG, 4703 Kestenholz, Switzerland
| | - M Vitins
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - O Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jung S, Estrella N, Pfaffl MW, Hartmann S, Handelshauser E, Menzel A. Grass pollen production and group V allergen content of agriculturally relevant species and cultivars. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29529096 PMCID: PMC5846780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass pollen is the main cause of hay fever and allergic asthma in warm temperate climates during summer. The aim of this study was to determine the content of group 5 major allergens in pollen grains of agriculturally important grass species/cultivars. For each cultivar flowering dates and pollen production of cut anthers were observed in the field and in a climate chamber, respectively. An ELISA was used to quantify the group 5 allergens (Phl p5) in pollen extracts which were gained from the grass species Kentucky bluegrass, perennial rye grass, timothy, cocksfoot, annual / Italian rye grass, hybrid rye grass and festulolium. The group 5 allergen content of species varied between 0.01 ng (Kentucky bluegrass) and 0.06 ng (timothy) per pollen grain. On cultivar level the pollen allergenic content differed up to 74-times within the selected grass species. Results from this study might be helpful for the reduction of allergen exposure coming from agriculture grass production e.g. by an adapted grass selection or by the cultivation of grasses with low allergenic content in plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Jung
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicole Estrella
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Department of Animal Physiology & Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephan Hartmann
- Institute for Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, Germany
| | - Ellinor Handelshauser
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martínez-Sancho E, Dorado-Liñán I, Gutiérrez Merino E, Matiu M, Helle G, Heinrich I, Menzel A. Increased water-use efficiency translates into contrasting growth patterns of Scots pine and sessile oak at their southern distribution limits. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:1012-1028. [PMID: 29030903 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In forests, the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca ) has been related to enhanced tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). However, in drought-prone areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, it is not yet clear to what extent this "fertilizing" effect may compensate for drought-induced growth reduction. We investigated tree growth and physiological responses at five Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and five sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) sites located at their southernmost distribution limits in Europe for the period 1960-2012 using annually resolved tree-ring width and δ13 C data to track ecophysiological processes. Results indicated that all 10 natural stands significantly increased their leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), and consequently iWUE. Different trends in the theoretical gas-exchange scenarios as a response to increasing Ca were found: generally, Ci tended to increase proportionally to Ca , except for trees at the driest sites in which Ci remained constant. Ci from the oak sites displaying higher water availability tended to increase at a comparable rate to Ca . Multiple linear models fitted at site level to predict basal area increment (BAI) using iWUE and climatic variables better explained tree growth in pines (31.9%-71.4%) than in oak stands (15.8%-46.8%). iWUE was negatively linked to pine growth, whereas its effect on growth of oak differed across sites. Tree growth in the western and central oak stands was negatively related to iWUE, whereas BAI from the easternmost stand was positively associated with iWUE. Thus, some Q. petraea stands might have partially benefited from the "fertilizing" effect of rising Ca , whereas P. sylvestris stands due to their strict closure of stomata did not profit from increased iWUE and consequently showed in general growth reductions across sites. Additionally, the inter-annual variability of BAI and iWUE displayed a geographical polarity in the Mediterranean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Gestión de los Sistemas Forestales, CIFOR-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Gutiérrez Merino
- Departament of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Matiu
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard Helle
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Heinrich
- Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|