1
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Ren Y, Wang H, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Atkin OK, Smith NG, Mengoli G, Stefanski A, Reich PB. Reduced global plant respiration due to the acclimation of leaf dark respiration coupled with photosynthesis. New Phytol 2024; 241:578-591. [PMID: 37897087 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Leaf dark respiration (Rd ) acclimates to environmental changes. However, the magnitude, controls and time scales of acclimation remain unclear and are inconsistently treated in ecosystem models. We hypothesized that Rd and Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax ) at 25°C (Rd,25 , Vcmax,25 ) are coordinated so that Rd,25 variations support Vcmax,25 at a level allowing full light use, with Vcmax,25 reflecting daytime conditions (for photosynthesis), and Rd,25 /Vcmax,25 reflecting night-time conditions (for starch degradation and sucrose export). We tested this hypothesis temporally using a 5-yr warming experiment, and spatially using an extensive field-measurement data set. We compared the results to three published alternatives: Rd,25 declines linearly with daily average prior temperature; Rd at average prior night temperatures tends towards a constant value; and Rd,25 /Vcmax,25 is constant. Our hypothesis accounted for more variation in observed Rd,25 over time (R2 = 0.74) and space (R2 = 0.68) than the alternatives. Night-time temperature dominated the seasonal time-course of Rd , with an apparent response time scale of c. 2 wk. Vcmax dominated the spatial patterns. Our acclimation hypothesis results in a smaller increase in global Rd in response to rising CO2 and warming than is projected by the two of three alternative hypotheses, and by current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghang Ren
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Giulia Mengoli
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
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2
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Bloomfield KJ, Stocker BD, Keenan TF, Prentice IC. Environmental controls on the light use efficiency of terrestrial gross primary production. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1037-1053. [PMID: 36334075 PMCID: PMC10099475 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) by terrestrial ecosystems is a key quantity in the global carbon cycle. The instantaneous controls of leaf-level photosynthesis are well established, but there is still no consensus on the mechanisms by which canopy-level GPP depends on spatial and temporal variation in the environment. The standard model of photosynthesis provides a robust mechanistic representation for C3 species; however, additional assumptions are required to "scale up" from leaf to canopy. As a consequence, competing models make inconsistent predictions about how GPP will respond to continuing environmental change. This problem is addressed here by means of an empirical analysis of the light use efficiency (LUE) of GPP inferred from eddy covariance carbon dioxide flux measurements, in situ measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and remotely sensed estimates of the fraction of PAR (fAPAR) absorbed by the vegetation canopy. Focusing on LUE allows potential drivers of GPP to be separated from its overriding dependence on light. GPP data from over 100 sites, collated over 20 years and located in a range of biomes and climate zones, were extracted from the FLUXNET2015 database and combined with remotely sensed fAPAR data to estimate daily LUE. Daytime air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, diffuse fraction of solar radiation, and soil moisture were shown to be salient predictors of LUE in a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The same model design was fitted to site-based LUE estimates generated by 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. The published models showed wide variation in the shape, the strength, and even the sign of the environmental effects on modeled LUE. These findings highlight important model deficiencies and suggest a need to progress beyond simple "goodness of fit" comparisons of inferred and predicted carbon fluxes toward an approach focused on the functional responses of the underlying dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Bloomfield
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Benjamin D. Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETHZurichSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of GeographyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonAscotUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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3
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Wang H, Prentice IC, Wright IJ, Warton DI, Qiao S, Xu X, Zhou J, Kikuzawa K, Stenseth NC. Leaf economics fundamentals explained by optimality principles. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd5667. [PMID: 36652527 PMCID: PMC9848425 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The life span of leaves increases with their mass per unit area (LMA). It is unclear why. Here, we show that this empirical generalization (the foundation of the worldwide leaf economics spectrum) is a consequence of natural selection, maximizing average net carbon gain over the leaf life cycle. Analyzing two large leaf trait datasets, we show that evergreen and deciduous species with diverse construction costs (assumed proportional to LMA) are selected by light, temperature, and growing-season length in different, but predictable, ways. We quantitatively explain the observed divergent latitudinal trends in evergreen and deciduous LMA and show how local distributions of LMA arise by selection under different environmental conditions acting on the species pool. These results illustrate how optimality principles can underpin a new theory for plant geography and terrestrial carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian J. Wright
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia
| | - David I. Warton
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Evolution and Ecology Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Sidney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shengchao Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangtao Xu
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E139 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kihachiro Kikuzawa
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
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Wang H, Harrison SP, Li M, Prentice IC, Qiao S, Wang R, Xu H, Mengoli G, Peng Y, Yang Y. The China plant trait database version 2. Sci Data 2022; 9:769. [PMID: 36522346 PMCID: PMC9755148 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant functional traits represent adaptive strategies to the environment, linked to biophysical and biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning. Compilations of trait data facilitate research in multiple fields from plant ecology through to land-surface modelling. Here we present version 2 of the China Plant Trait Database, which contains information on morphometric, physical, chemical, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits from 1529 unique species in 140 sites spanning a diversity of vegetation types. Version 2 has five improvements compared to the previous version: (1) new data from a 4-km elevation transect on the edge of Tibetan Plateau, including alpine vegetation types not sampled previously; (2) inclusion of traits related to hydraulic processes, including specific sapwood conductance, the area ratio of sapwood to leaf, wood density and turgor loss point; (3) inclusion of information on soil properties to complement the existing data on climate and vegetation (4) assessments and flagging the reliability of individual trait measurements; and (5) inclusion of standardized templates for systematical field sampling and measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Shengchao Qiao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runxi Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Giulia Mengoli
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Yunke Peng
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yanzheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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5
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Fu Z, Ciais P, Feldman AF, Gentine P, Makowski D, Prentice IC, Stoy PC, Bastos A, Wigneron JP. Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq7827. [PMID: 36332021 PMCID: PMC9635832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant water stress occurs at the point when soil moisture (SM) limits transpiration, defining a critical SM threshold (θcrit). Knowledge of the spatial distribution of θcrit is crucial for future projections of climate and water resources. Here, we use global eddy covariance observations to quantify θcrit and evaporative fraction (EF) regimes. Three canonical variables describe how EF is controlled by SM: the maximum EF (EFmax), θcrit, and slope (S) between EF and SM. We find systematic differences of these three variables across biomes. Variation in θcrit, S, and EFmax is mostly explained by soil texture, vapor pressure deficit, and precipitation, respectively, as well as vegetation structure. Dryland ecosystems tend to operate at low θcrit and show adaptation to water deficits. The negative relationship between θcrit and S indicates that dryland ecosystems minimize θcrit through mechanisms of sustained SM extraction and transport by xylem. Our results further suggest an optimal adaptation of local EF-SM response that maximizes growing-season evapotranspiration and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrew F. Feldman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sciences Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David Makowski
- Unit Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (UMR 518), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Paul C. Stoy
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Wigneron
- ISPA, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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6
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Cruz‐Silva E, Harrison SP, Marinova E, Prentice IC. A new method based on surface-sample pollen data for reconstructing palaeovegetation patterns. J Biogeogr 2022; 49:1381-1396. [PMID: 35915724 PMCID: PMC9328394 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Biomisation has been the most widely used technique to reconstruct past regional vegetation patterns because it does not require an extensive modern pollen dataset. However, it has well-known limitations including its dependence on expert judgement for the assignment of pollen taxa to plant functional types (PFTs) and PFTs to biomes. Here we present a new method that combines the strengths of biomisation with those of the alternative dissimilarity-based techniques. LOCATION The Eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea Caspian Corridor (EMBSeCBIO). TAXON Plants. METHODS Modern pollen samples, assigned to biomes based on potential natural vegetation data, are used to characterize the within-biome means and standard deviations of the abundances of each taxon. These values are used to calculate a dissimilarity index between any pollen sample and every biome, and thus assign the sample to the most likely biome. We calculate a threshold value for each modern biome; fossil samples with scores below the threshold for all modern biomes are thus identified as non-analogue vegetation. We applied the new method to the EMBSeCBIO region to compare its performance with existing reconstructions. RESULTS The method captured changes in the importance of individual taxa along environmental gradients. The balanced accuracy obtained for the EMBSeCBIO region using the new method was better than obtained using biomisation (77% vs. 65%). When the method was applied to high-resolution fossil records, 70% of the entities showed more temporally stable biome assignments than obtained using biomisation. The technique also identified likely non-analogue assemblages in a synthetic modern dataset and in fossil records. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The new method yields more accurate and stable reconstructions of vegetation than biomisation. It requires an extensive modern pollen dataset, but is conceptually simple, and avoids subjective choices about taxon allocations to PFTs and PFTs to biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Cruz‐Silva
- School of Archaeology, Geography & Environmental ScienceReading UniversityReadingUK
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- School of Archaeology, Geography & Environmental ScienceReading UniversityReadingUK
| | - Elena Marinova
- Laboratory for ArchaeobotanyBaden‐Württemberg Cultural Heritage State OfficeGeienhofen‐HemmenhofenGermany
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotUK
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7
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Fu Z, Ciais P, Prentice IC, Gentine P, Makowski D, Bastos A, Luo X, Green JK, Stoy PC, Yang H, Hajima T. Atmospheric dryness reduces photosynthesis along a large range of soil water deficits. Nat Commun 2022; 13:989. [PMID: 35190562 PMCID: PMC8861027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBoth low soil water content (SWC) and high atmospheric dryness (vapor pressure deficit, VPD) can negatively affect terrestrial gross primary production (GPP). The sensitivity of GPP to soil versus atmospheric dryness is difficult to disentangle, however, because of their covariation. Using global eddy-covariance observations, here we show that a decrease in SWC is not universally associated with GPP reduction. GPP increases in response to decreasing SWC when SWC is high and decreases only when SWC is below a threshold. By contrast, the sensitivity of GPP to an increase of VPD is always negative across the full SWC range. We further find canopy conductance decreases with increasing VPD (irrespective of SWC), and with decreasing SWC on drier soils. Maximum photosynthetic assimilation rate has negative sensitivity to VPD, and a positive sensitivity to decreasing SWC when SWC is high. Earth System Models underestimate the negative effect of VPD and the positive effect of SWC on GPP such that they should underestimate the GPP reduction due to increasing VPD in future climates.
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8
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Keenan TF, Luo X, De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Prentice IC, Stocker BD, Smith NG, Terrer C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhou S. A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to increasing CO 2. Nature 2021; 600:253-258. [PMID: 34880429 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing1-3, offsetting roughly a third of anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere each decade1, and thus serving to slow4 the growth of atmospheric CO2. It has been suggested that a CO2-induced long-term increase in global photosynthesis, a process known as CO2 fertilization, is responsible for a large proportion of the current terrestrial carbon sink4-7. The estimated magnitude of the historic increase in photosynthesis as result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, however, differs by an order of magnitude between long-term proxies and terrestrial biosphere models7-13. Here we quantify the historic effect of CO2 on global photosynthesis by identifying an emergent constraint14-16 that combines terrestrial biosphere models with global carbon budget estimates. Our analysis suggests that CO2 fertilization increased global annual photosynthesis by 11.85 ± 1.4%, or 13.98 ± 1.63 petagrams carbon (mean ± 95% confidence interval) between 1981 and 2020. Our results help resolve conflicting estimates of the historic sensitivity of global photosynthesis to CO2, and highlight the large impact anthropogenic emissions have had on ecosystems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - X Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Geography, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - B D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - N G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.,Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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9
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Xu H, Wang H, Prentice IC, Harrison SP, Wright IJ. Coordination of plant hydraulic and photosynthetic traits: confronting optimality theory with field measurements. New Phytol 2021; 232:1286-1296. [PMID: 34324717 PMCID: PMC9291854 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Close coupling between water loss and carbon dioxide uptake requires coordination of plant hydraulics and photosynthesis. However, there is still limited information on the quantitative relationships between hydraulic and photosynthetic traits. We propose a basis for these relationships based on optimality theory, and test its predictions by analysis of measurements on 107 species from 11 sites, distributed along a nearly 3000-m elevation gradient. Hydraulic and leaf economic traits were less plastic, and more closely associated with phylogeny, than photosynthetic traits. The two sets of traits were linked by the sapwood to leaf area ratio (Huber value, vH ). The observed coordination between vH and sapwood hydraulic conductivity (KS ) and photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax ) conformed to the proposed quantitative theory. Substantial hydraulic diversity was related to the trade-off between KS and vH . Leaf drought tolerance (inferred from turgor loss point, -Ψtlp ) increased with wood density, but the trade-off between hydraulic efficiency (KS ) and -Ψtlp was weak. Plant trait effects on vH were dominated by variation in KS , while effects of environment were dominated by variation in temperature. This research unifies hydraulics, photosynthesis and the leaf economics spectrum in a common theoretical framework, and suggests a route towards the integration of photosynthesis and hydraulics in land-surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingDepartment of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS)Beijing100875China
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingDepartment of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS)Beijing100875China
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingDepartment of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Department of Life SciencesGeorgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonSilwood Park Campus, Buckhurst RoadAscotSL5 7PYUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingDepartment of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES)University of ReadingReadingRG6 6AHUK
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
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10
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Xu H, Wang H, Prentice IC, Harrison SP, Wang G, Sun X. Predictability of leaf traits with climate and elevation: a case study in Gongga Mountain, China. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:1336-1352. [PMID: 33440428 PMCID: PMC8454210 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf mass per area (Ma), nitrogen content per unit leaf area (Narea), maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) and the ratio of leaf-internal to ambient CO2 partial pressure (χ) are important traits related to photosynthetic function, and they show systematic variation along climatic and elevational gradients. Separating the effects of air pressure and climate along elevational gradients is challenging due to the covariation of elevation, pressure and climate. However, recently developed models based on optimality theory offer an independent way to predict leaf traits and thus to separate the contributions of different controls. We apply optimality theory to predict variation in leaf traits across 18 sites in the Gongga Mountain region. We show that the models explain 59% of trait variability on average, without site- or region-specific calibration. Temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture and growing season length are all necessary to explain the observed patterns. The direct effect of air pressure is shown to have a relatively minor impact. These findings contribute to a growing body of research indicating that leaf-level traits vary with the physical environment in predictable ways, suggesting a promising direction for the improvement of terrestrial ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading, Reading Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Genxu Wang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Peng Y, Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Colin Prentice I. Global climate and nutrient controls of photosynthetic capacity. Commun Biol 2021; 4:462. [PMID: 33846550 PMCID: PMC8042000 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is huge uncertainty about how global exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere and land will respond to continuing environmental change. A better representation of photosynthetic capacity is required for Earth System models to simulate carbon assimilation reliably. Here we use a global leaf-trait dataset to test whether photosynthetic capacity is quantitatively predictable from climate, based on optimality principles; and to explore how this prediction is modified by soil properties, including indices of nitrogen and phosphorus availability, measured in situ. The maximum rate of carboxylation standardized to 25 °C (Vcmax25) was found to be proportional to growing-season irradiance, and to increase-as predicted-towards both colder and drier climates. Individual species' departures from predicted Vcmax25 covaried with area-based leaf nitrogen (Narea) but community-mean Vcmax25 was unrelated to Narea, which in turn was unrelated to the soil C:N ratio. In contrast, leaves with low area-based phosphorus (Parea) had low Vcmax25 (both between and within communities), and Parea increased with total soil P. These findings do not support the assumption, adopted in some ecosystem and Earth System models, that leaf-level photosynthetic capacity depends on soil N supply. They do, however, support a previously-noted relationship between photosynthesis and soil P supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Peng
- Masters Programme in Ecosystems and Environmental Change, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Studies, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- FFCLRP, Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Collalti A, Ibrom A, Stockmarr A, Cescatti A, Alkama R, Fernández-Martínez M, Matteucci G, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P, Goll DS, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Arneth A, Haverd V, Prentice IC. Forest production efficiency increases with growth temperature. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5322. [PMID: 33087724 PMCID: PMC7578801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest production efficiency (FPE) metric describes how efficiently the assimilated carbon is partitioned into plants organs (biomass production, BP) or-more generally-for the production of organic matter (net primary production, NPP). We present a global analysis of the relationship of FPE to stand-age and climate, based on a large compilation of data on gross primary production and either BP or NPP. FPE is important for both forest production and atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake. We find that FPE increases with absolute latitude, precipitation and (all else equal) with temperature. Earlier findings-FPE declining with age-are also supported by this analysis. However, the temperature effect is opposite to what would be expected based on the short-term physiological response of respiration rates to temperature, implying a top-down regulation of carbon loss, perhaps reflecting the higher carbon costs of nutrient acquisition in colder climates. Current ecosystem models do not reproduce this phenomenon. They consistently predict lower FPE in warmer climates, and are therefore likely to overestimate carbon losses in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), 06128, Perugia (PG), Italy
- University of Tuscia, Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Ibrom
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Stockmarr
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - R Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Fernández-Martínez
- Research group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - G Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - S Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - P Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et del'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - D S Goll
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - J E M S Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr 37, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - A Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - V Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
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13
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Paillassa J, Wright IJ, Prentice IC, Pepin S, Smith NG, Ethier G, Westerband AC, Lamarque LJ, Wang H, Cornwell WK, Maire V. When and where soil is important to modify the carbon and water economy of leaves. New Phytol 2020; 228:121-135. [PMID: 32455476 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic 'least-cost' theory posits that the optimal trait combination for a given environment is that where the summed costs of photosynthetic water and nutrient acquisition/use are minimised. The effects of soil water and nutrient availability on photosynthesis should be stronger as climate-related costs for both resources increase. Two independent datasets of photosynthetic traits, Globamax (1509 species, 288 sites) and Glob13C (3645 species, 594 sites), were used to quantify biophysical and biochemical limitations of photosynthesis and the key variable Ci /Ca (CO2 drawdown during photosynthesis). Climate and soil variables were associated with both datasets. The biochemical photosynthetic capacity was higher on alkaline soils. This effect was strongest at more arid sites, where water unit-costs are presumably higher. Higher values of soil silt and depth increased Ci /Ca , likely by providing greater H2 O supply, alleviating biophysical photosynthetic limitation when soil water is scarce. Climate is important in controlling the optimal balance of H2 O and N costs for photosynthesis, but soil properties change these costs, both directly and indirectly. In total, soil properties modify the climate-demand driven predictions of Ci /Ca by up to 30% at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Paillassa
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
- Département des sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Université Laval, 2480 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Steeve Pepin
- Département des sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Université Laval, 2480 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Gilbert Ethier
- Département de phytologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Andrea C Westerband
- Département des sols et de Génie Agroalimentaire, Université Laval, 2480 boul. Hochelaga, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Will K Cornwell
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
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14
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Franklin O, Harrison SP, Dewar R, Farrior CE, Brännström Å, Dieckmann U, Pietsch S, Falster D, Cramer W, Loreau M, Wang H, Mäkelä A, Rebel KT, Meron E, Schymanski SJ, Rovenskaya E, Stocker BD, Zaehle S, Manzoni S, van Oijen M, Wright IJ, Ciais P, van Bodegom PM, Peñuelas J, Hofhansl F, Terrer C, Soudzilovskaia NA, Midgley G, Prentice IC. Organizing principles for vegetation dynamics. Nat Plants 2020; 6:444-453. [PMID: 32393882 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants and vegetation play a critical-but largely unpredictable-role in global environmental changes due to the multitude of contributing processes at widely different spatial and temporal scales. In this Perspective, we explore approaches to master this complexity and improve our ability to predict vegetation dynamics by explicitly taking account of principles that constrain plant and ecosystem behaviour: natural selection, self-organization and entropy maximization. These ideas are increasingly being used in vegetation models, but we argue that their full potential has yet to be realized. We demonstrate the power of natural selection-based optimality principles to predict photosynthetic and carbon allocation responses to multiple environmental drivers, as well as how individual plasticity leads to the predictable self-organization of forest canopies. We show how models of natural selection acting on a few key traits can generate realistic plant communities and how entropy maximization can identify the most probable outcomes of community dynamics in space- and time-varying environments. Finally, we present a roadmap indicating how these principles could be combined in a new generation of models with stronger theoretical foundations and an improved capacity to predict complex vegetation responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Roderick Dewar
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Åke Brännström
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Japan
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Falster
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity, Theory, and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehud Meron
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Stanislaus J Schymanski
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Rovenskaya
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel van Oijen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Edinburgh), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Cesar Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Midgley
- Department Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK
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15
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Abstract
Pollen data are widely used to reconstruct past climate changes, using relationships between modern pollen abundance in surface samples and climate at the surface-sample sites as a calibration. Visualization of modern pollen data in multidimensional climate space provides a way to establish that taxon abundances are well behaved before using them in climate reconstructions. Visualization is also helpful for ecological interpretation of variations in pollen abundance in space and time. Here, we present Generalized Additive Models for the distribution of 195 European pollen and pteridophyte spore taxa in a bioclimate space defined by seasonal temperatures (as mean temperature of the coldest month and annual growing degree days) and an annual moisture index. These models can be used to explore the realized climate niche of pollen taxa and to build statistical models for palaeoclimate reconstruction. The data set is released under a Creative Commons BY license. When using the data set, we kindly request that you cite this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wei
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.,Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
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16
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Wang H, Atkin OK, Keenan TF, Smith NG, Wright IJ, Bloomfield KJ, Kattge J, Reich PB, Prentice IC. Acclimation of leaf respiration consistent with optimal photosynthetic capacity. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2573-2583. [PMID: 32091184 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is an important contributor to the proposed positive global carbon-cycle feedback to climate change. However, as a major component, leaf mitochondrial ('dark') respiration (Rd ) differs among species adapted to contrasting environments and is known to acclimate to sustained changes in temperature. No accepted theory explains these phenomena or predicts its magnitude. Here we propose that the acclimation of Rd follows an optimal behaviour related to the need to maintain long-term average photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax ) so that available environmental resources can be most efficiently used for photosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we extend photosynthetic co-ordination theory to predict the acclimation of Rd to growth temperature via a link to Vcmax , and compare predictions to a global set of measurements from 112 sites spanning all terrestrial biomes. This extended co-ordination theory predicts that field-measured Rd and Vcmax accessed at growth temperature (Rd,tg and Vcmax,tg ) should increase by 3.7% and 5.5% per degree increase in growth temperature. These acclimated responses to growth temperature are less steep than the corresponding instantaneous responses, which increase 8.1% and 9.9% per degree of measurement temperature for Rd and Vcmax respectively. Data-fitted responses proof indistinguishable from the values predicted by our theory, and smaller than the instantaneous responses. Theory and data are also shown to agree that the basal rates of both Rd and Vcmax assessed at 25°C (Rd,25 and Vcmax,25 ) decline by ~4.4% per degree increase in growth temperature. These results provide a parsimonious general theory for Rd acclimation to temperature that is simpler-and potentially more reliable-than the plant functional type-based leaf respiration schemes currently employed in most ecosystem and land-surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Centre for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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17
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Lavergne A, Voelker S, Csank A, Graven H, de Boer HJ, Daux V, Robertson I, Dorado-Liñán I, Martínez-Sancho E, Battipaglia G, Bloomfield KJ, Still CJ, Meinzer FC, Dawson TE, Julio Camarero J, Clisby R, Fang Y, Menzel A, Keen RM, Roden JS, Prentice IC. Historical changes in the stomatal limitation of photosynthesis: empirical support for an optimality principle. New Phytol 2020; 225:2484-2497. [PMID: 31696932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of leaf internal (ci ) to ambient (ca ) partial pressure of CO2 , defined here as χ, is an index of adjustments in both leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate to environmental conditions. Measurements and proxies of this ratio can be used to constrain vegetation model uncertainties for predicting terrestrial carbon uptake and water use. We test a theory based on the least-cost optimality hypothesis for modelling historical changes in χ over the 1951-2014 period, across different tree species and environmental conditions, as reconstructed from stable carbon isotopic measurements across a global network of 103 absolutely dated tree-ring chronologies. The theory predicts optimal χ as a function of air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, ca and atmospheric pressure. The theoretical model predicts 39% of the variance in χ values across sites and years, but underestimates the intersite variability in the reconstructed χ trends, resulting in only 8% of the variance in χ trends across years explained by the model. Overall, our results support theoretical predictions that variations in χ are tightly regulated by the four environmental drivers. They also suggest that explicitly accounting for the effects of plant-available soil water and other site-specific characteristics might improve the predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliénor Lavergne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steve Voelker
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Adam Csank
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Heather Graven
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Daux
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Iain Robertson
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Elisabet Martínez-Sancho
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Christopher J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5704, USA
| | - Frederick C Meinzer
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, 97331-8550, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3200, USA
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), E-50192, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rory Clisby
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Yunting Fang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rachel M Keen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - John S Roden
- Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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18
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Collalti A, Prentice IC. Is NPP proportional to GPP? Waring's hypothesis 20 years on. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1473-1483. [PMID: 30924876 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) is partitioned to autotrophic respiration (Ra) and net primary production (NPP), the latter being used to build plant tissues and synthesize non-structural and secondary compounds. Waring et al. (1998; Net primary production of forests: a constant fraction of gross primary production? Tree Physiol 18:129-134) suggested that a NPP:GPP ratio of 0.47 ± 0.04 (SD) is universal across biomes, tree species and stand ages. Representing NPP in models as a fixed fraction of GPP, they argued, would be both simpler and more accurate than trying to simulate Ra mechanistically. This paper reviews progress in understanding the NPP:GPP ratio in forests during the 20 years since the Waring et al. paper. Research has confirmed the existence of pervasive acclimation mechanisms that tend to stabilize the NPP:GPP ratio and indicates that Ra should not be modelled independently of GPP. Nonetheless, studies indicate that the value of this ratio is influenced by environmental factors, stand age and management. The average NPP:GPP ratio in over 200 studies, representing different biomes, species and forest stand ages, was found to be 0.46, consistent with the central value that Waring et al. proposed but with a much larger standard deviation (±0.12) and a total range (0.22-0.79) that is too large to be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Rende, CS, Italy
- Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change-Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services Division (CMCC-IAFES), Viterbo, Italy
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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19
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Bloomfield KJ, Prentice IC, Cernusak LA, Eamus D, Medlyn BE, Rumman R, Wright IJ, Boer MM, Cale P, Cleverly J, Egerton JJG, Ellsworth DS, Evans BJ, Hayes LS, Hutchinson MF, Liddell MJ, Macfarlane C, Meyer WS, Togashi HF, Wardlaw T, Zhu L, Atkin OK. The validity of optimal leaf traits modelled on environmental conditions. New Phytol 2019; 221:1409-1423. [PMID: 30242841 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of leaf intercellular to ambient CO2 (χ) is modulated by stomatal conductance (gs ). These quantities link carbon (C) assimilation with transpiration, and along with photosynthetic capacities (Vcmax and Jmax ) are required to model terrestrial C uptake. We use optimization criteria based on the growth environment to generate predicted values of photosynthetic and water-use efficiency traits and test these against a unique dataset. Leaf gas-exchange parameters and carbon isotope discrimination were analysed in relation to local climate across a continental network of study sites. Sun-exposed leaves of 50 species at seven sites were measured in contrasting seasons. Values of χ predicted from growth temperature and vapour pressure deficit were closely correlated to ratios derived from C isotope (δ13 C) measurements. Correlations were stronger in the growing season. Predicted values of photosynthetic traits, including carboxylation capacity (Vcmax ), derived from δ13 C, growth temperature and solar radiation, showed meaningful agreement with inferred values derived from gas-exchange measurements. Between-site differences in water-use efficiency were, however, only weakly linked to the plant's growth environment and did not show seasonal variation. These results support the general hypothesis that many key parameters required by Earth system models are adaptive and predictable from plants' growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Department of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Derek Eamus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Rizwana Rumman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Peter Cale
- Australian Landscape Trust, Renmark, SA, 5341, Australia
| | - James Cleverly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Technology Sydney, Goddard Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Bradley J Evans
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lucy S Hayes
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael F Hutchinson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Craig Macfarlane
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia
| | - Wayne S Meyer
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Tim Wardlaw
- ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7005, Australia
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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20
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Zhou SX, Prentice IC, Medlyn BE. Bridging Drought Experiment and Modeling: Representing the Differential Sensitivities of Leaf Gas Exchange to Drought. Front Plant Sci 2019; 9:1965. [PMID: 30697222 PMCID: PMC6340983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is expected to increase drought duration and intensity in certain regions while increasing rainfall in others. The quantitative consequences of increased drought for ecosystems are not easy to predict. Process-based models must be informed by experiments to determine the resilience of plants and ecosystems from different climates. Here, we demonstrate what and how experimentally derived quantitative information can improve the representation of stomatal and non-stomatal photosynthetic responses to drought in large-scale vegetation models. In particular, we review literature on the answers to four key questions: (1) Which photosynthetic processes are affected under short-term drought? (2) How do the stomatal and non-stomatal responses to short-term drought vary among species originating from different hydro-climates? (3) Do plants acclimate to prolonged water stress, and do mesic and xeric species differ in their degree of acclimation? (4) Does inclusion of experimentally based plant functional type specific stomatal and non-stomatal response functions to drought help Land Surface Models to reproduce key features of ecosystem responses to drought? We highlighted the need for evaluating model representations of the fundamental eco-physiological processes under drought. Taking differential drought sensitivity of different vegetation into account is necessary for Land Surface Models to accurately model drought responses, or the drought impacts on vegetation in drier environments may be over-estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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21
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Smith NG, Keenan TF, Colin Prentice I, Wang H, Wright IJ, Niinemets Ü, Crous KY, Domingues TF, Guerrieri R, Yoko Ishida F, Kattge J, Kruger EL, Maire V, Rogers A, Serbin SP, Tarvainen L, Togashi HF, Townsend PA, Wang M, Weerasinghe LK, Zhou SX. Global photosynthetic capacity is optimized to the environment. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:506-517. [PMID: 30609108 PMCID: PMC6849754 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Earth system models (ESMs) use photosynthetic capacity, indexed by the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax), to simulate carbon assimilation and typically rely on empirical estimates, including an assumed dependence on leaf nitrogen determined from soil fertility. In contrast, new theory, based on biochemical coordination and co‐optimization of carboxylation and water costs for photosynthesis, suggests that optimal Vcmax can be predicted from climate alone, irrespective of soil fertility. Here, we develop this theory and find it captures 64% of observed variability in a global, field‐measured Vcmax dataset for C3 plants. Soil fertility indices explained substantially less variation (32%). These results indicate that environmentally regulated biophysical constraints and light availability are the first‐order drivers of global photosynthetic capacity. Through acclimation and adaptation, plants efficiently utilize resources at the leaf level, thus maximizing potential resource use for growth and reproduction. Our theory offers a robust strategy for dynamically predicting photosynthetic capacity in ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.,German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric L Kruger
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois, Rivières, Trois Rivières, Canada
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Philip A Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.,The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Hawke's, Bay, New Zealand
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22
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Yang Y, Wang H, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Wright IJ, Peng C, Lin G. Quantifying leaf-trait covariation and its controls across climates and biomes. New Phytol 2019; 221:155-168. [PMID: 30272817 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional ecology requires the quantification of trait variation and its controls. Field measurements on 483 species at 48 sites across China were used to analyse variation in leaf traits, and assess their predictability. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to characterize trait variation, redundancy analysis (RDA) to reveal climate effects, and RDA with variance partitioning to estimate separate and overlapping effects of site, climate, life-form and family membership. Four orthogonal dimensions of total trait variation were identified: leaf area (LA), internal-to-ambient CO2 ratio (χ), leaf economics spectrum traits (specific leaf area (SLA) versus leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and nitrogen per area (Narea )), and photosynthetic capacities (Vcmax , Jmax at 25°C). LA and χ covaried with moisture index. Site, climate, life form and family together explained 70% of trait variance. Families accounted for 17%, and climate and families together 29%. LDMC and SLA showed the largest family effects. Independent life-form effects were small. Climate influences trait variation in part by selection for different life forms and families. Trait values derived from climate data via RDA showed substantial predictive power for trait values in the available global data sets. Systematic trait data collection across all climates and biomes is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS), Beijing, 100875, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Changhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3P8, QC, Canada
| | - Guanghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope and Gulf Ecology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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23
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Stocker BD, Zscheischler J, Keenan TF, Prentice IC, Peñuelas J, Seneviratne SI. Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes. New Phytol 2018; 218:1430-1449. [PMID: 29604221 PMCID: PMC5969272 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial primary productivity and carbon cycle impacts of droughts are commonly quantified using vapour pressure deficit (VPD) data and remotely sensed greenness, without accounting for soil moisture. However, soil moisture limitation is known to strongly affect plant physiology. Here, we investigate light use efficiency, the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to absorbed light. We derive its fractional reduction due to soil moisture (fLUE), separated from VPD and greenness changes, using artificial neural networks trained on eddy covariance data, multiple soil moisture datasets and remotely sensed greenness. This reveals substantial impacts of soil moisture alone that reduce GPP by up to 40% at sites located in sub-humid, semi-arid or arid regions. For sites in relatively moist climates, we find, paradoxically, a muted fLUE response to drying soil, but reduced fLUE under wet conditions. fLUE identifies substantial drought impacts that are not captured when relying solely on VPD and greenness changes and, when seasonally recurring, are missed by traditional, anomaly-based drought indices. Counter to common assumptions, fLUE reductions are largest in drought-deciduous vegetation, including grasslands. Our results highlight the necessity to account for soil moisture limitation in terrestrial primary productivity data products, especially for drought-related assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Stocker
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia08193Spain
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LabBerkeleyCA94709USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate ImpactsDepartment of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusLondonSL5 7PYUK
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia08193Spain
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterra, Catalonia08193Spain
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24
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Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Eamus D, Ellsworth DS, Colin Prentice I, Wright IJ, Boer MM, Bradford MG, Cale P, Cleverly J, Egerton JJG, Evans BJ, Hayes LS, Hutchinson MF, Liddell MJ, Macfarlane C, Meyer WS, Prober SM, Togashi HF, Wardlaw T, Zhu L, Atkin OK. A continental‐scale assessment of variability in leaf traits: Within species, across sites and between seasons. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Lucas A. Cernusak
- Department of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University Cairns Qld Australia
| | - Derek Eamus
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - David S. Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute—Climate Change and the Environment Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Ascot UK
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Matthias M. Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Matt G. Bradford
- CSIRO Land and Water Tropical Forest Research Centre Atherton Qld Australia
| | - Peter Cale
- Australian Landscape Trust Renmark SA Australia
| | - James Cleverly
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW Australia
| | - John J. G. Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Bradley J. Evans
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lucy S. Hayes
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Michael F. Hutchinson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Michael J. Liddell
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Cairns Qld Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Australian SuperSite Network James Cook University Cairns Australia
| | | | - Wayne S. Meyer
- Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | | | - Henrique F. Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Lingling Zhu
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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25
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Wright IJ, Dong N, Maire V, Prentice IC, Westoby M, Díaz S, Gallagher RV, Jacobs BF, Kooyman R, Law EA, Leishman MR, Niinemets Ü, Reich PB, Sack L, Villar R, Wang H, Wilf P. Global climatic drivers of leaf size. Science 2018; 357:917-921. [PMID: 28860384 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Leaf size varies by over a 100,000-fold among species worldwide. Although 19th-century plant geographers noted that the wet tropics harbor plants with exceptionally large leaves, the latitudinal gradient of leaf size has not been well quantified nor the key climatic drivers convincingly identified. Here, we characterize worldwide patterns in leaf size. Large-leaved species predominate in wet, hot, sunny environments; small-leaved species typify hot, sunny environments only in arid conditions; small leaves are also found in high latitudes and elevations. By modeling the balance of leaf energy inputs and outputs, we show that daytime and nighttime leaf-to-air temperature differences are key to geographic gradients in leaf size. This knowledge can enrich "next-generation" vegetation models in which leaf temperature and water use during photosynthesis play key roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,Centre for Past Climate Change and School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6AH Reading, UK
| | - Vincent Maire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,AXA Chair in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rachael V Gallagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Bonnie F Jacobs
- Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Robert Kooyman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Law
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle R Leishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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26
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Stocker BD, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Finzi AC, Prentice IC. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO 2 governed by plant-soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition. New Phytol 2018; 217:507-522. [PMID: 29105765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 507 I. Introduction 507 II. The return on investment approach 508 III. CO2 response spectrum 510 IV. Discussion 516 Acknowledgements 518 References 518 SUMMARY: Land ecosystems sequester on average about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been proposed that nitrogen (N) availability will exert an increasingly limiting effect on plants' ability to store additional carbon (C) under rising CO2 , but these mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we review findings from elevated CO2 experiments using a plant economics framework, highlighting how ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the costs and benefits of plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic N-fixing microbes. We found that N-acquisition efficiency is positively correlated with leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and plant growth, and negatively with soil C storage. Plants that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and N-fixers may acquire N at a lower cost than plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, the additional growth in ectomycorrhizal plants is partly offset by decreases in soil C pools via priming. Collectively, our results indicate that predictive models aimed at quantifying C cycle feedbacks to global change may be improved by treating N as a resource that can be acquired by plants in exchange for energy, with different costs depending on plant interactions with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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27
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Colloff MJ, Lavorel S, van Kerkhoff LE, Wyborn CA, Fazey I, Gorddard R, Mace GM, Foden WB, Dunlop M, Prentice IC, Crowley J, Leadley P, Degeorges P. Transforming conservation science and practice for a postnormal world. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:1008-1017. [PMID: 28225163 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We examine issues to consider when reframing conservation science and practice in the context of global change. New framings of the links between ecosystems and society are emerging that are changing peoples' values and expectations of nature, resulting in plural perspectives on conservation. Reframing conservation for global change can thus be regarded as a stage in the evolving relationship between people and nature rather than some recent trend. New models of how conservation links with transformative adaptation include how decision contexts for conservation can be reframed and integrated with an adaptation pathways approach to create new options for global-change-ready conservation. New relationships for conservation science and governance include coproduction of knowledge that supports social learning. New processes for implementing adaptation for conservation outcomes include deliberate practices used to develop new strategies, shift world views, work with conflict, address power and intergenerational equity in decisions, and build consciousness and creativity that empower agents to act. We argue that reframing conservation for global change requires scientists and practitioners to implement approaches unconstrained by discipline and sectoral boundaries, geopolitical polarities, or technical problematization. We consider a stronger focus on inclusive creation of knowledge and the interaction of this knowledge with societal values and rules is likely to result in conservation science and practice that meets the challenges of a postnormal world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Colloff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Enabling Adaptation Pathways Project, CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Lorrae E van Kerkhoff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Carina A Wyborn
- Luc Hoffmann Institute, WWF International and College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59801, U.S.A
| | - Ioan Fazey
- Centre for Environmental Change and Human Resilience (CECHR), School of the Environment, University of Dundee, Perth Road, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K
| | - Russell Gorddard
- Enabling Adaptation Pathways Project, CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Wendy B Foden
- Climate Change Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 28 rue Mauverney, Gland, CH-1196, Switzerland
- Global Change and Biodiversity Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Michael Dunlop
- Enabling Adaptation Pathways Project, CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - John Crowley
- Social and Human Sciences Sector - Division of Social Transformations and Intercultural Dialogue, UNESCO, 7 place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France
| | - Paul Leadley
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Patrick Degeorges
- Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie, 92055 Paris cedex 15, France
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Wang H, Prentice IC, Keenan TF, Davis TW, Wright IJ, Cornwell WK, Evans BJ, Peng C. Towards a universal model for carbon dioxide uptake by plants. Nat Plants 2017; 3:734-741. [PMID: 29150690 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP)-the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by leaves, and its conversion to sugars by photosynthesis-is the basis for life on land. Earth System Models (ESMs) incorporating the interactions of land ecosystems and climate are used to predict the future of the terrestrial sink for anthropogenic CO21 . ESMs require accurate representation of GPP. However, current ESMs disagree on how GPP responds to environmental variations 1,2 , suggesting a need for a more robust theoretical framework for modelling 3,4 . Here, we focus on a key quantity for GPP, the ratio of leaf internal to external CO2 (χ). χ is tightly regulated and depends on environmental conditions, but is represented empirically and incompletely in today's models. We show that a simple evolutionary optimality hypothesis 5,6 predicts specific quantitative dependencies of χ on temperature, vapour pressure deficit and elevation; and that these same dependencies emerge from an independent analysis of empirical χ values, derived from a worldwide dataset of >3,500 leaf stable carbon isotope measurements. A single global equation embodying these relationships then unifies the empirical light-use efficiency model 7 with the standard model of C3 photosynthesis 8 , and successfully predicts GPP measured at eddy-covariance flux sites. This success is notable given the equation's simplicity and broad applicability across biomes and plant functional types. It provides a theoretical underpinning for the analysis of plant functional coordination across species and emergent properties of ecosystems, and a potential basis for the reformulation of the controls of GPP in next-generation ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - I Colin Prentice
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tyler W Davis
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - William K Cornwell
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bradley J Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Changhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Li G, Gerhart LM, Harrison SP, Ward JK, Harris JM, Prentice IC. Changes in biomass allocation buffer low CO 2 effects on tree growth during the last glaciation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43087. [PMID: 28233772 PMCID: PMC5324044 DOI: 10.1038/srep43087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotopic measurements on junipers growing in southern California during the last glacial, when the ambient atmospheric [CO2] (ca) was ~180 ppm, show the leaf-internal [CO2] (ci) was approaching the modern CO2 compensation point for C3 plants. Despite this, stem growth rates were similar to today. Using a coupled light-use efficiency and tree growth model, we show that it is possible to maintain a stable ci/ca ratio because both vapour pressure deficit and temperature were decreased under glacial conditions at La Brea, and these have compensating effects on the ci/ca ratio. Reduced photorespiration at lower temperatures would partly mitigate the effect of low ci on gross primary production, but maintenance of present-day radial growth also requires a ~27% reduction in the ratio of fine root mass to leaf area. Such a shift was possible due to reduced drought stress under glacial conditions at La Brea. The necessity for changes in allocation in response to changes in [CO2] is consistent with increased below-ground allocation, and the apparent homoeostasis of radial growth, as ca increases today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), Reading University, Reading, UK
| | - Laci M. Gerhart
- Geography Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences (SAGES), Reading University, Reading, UK
| | - Joy K. Ward
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - John M. Harris
- The La Brea Tar Pits Museum (George C. Page Museum), 5801 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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30
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Wang H, Prentice IC, Davis TW, Keenan TF, Wright IJ, Peng C. Photosynthetic responses to altitude: an explanation based on optimality principles. New Phytol 2017; 213:976-982. [PMID: 27859388 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Tyler W Davis
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Changhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3P8, QC, Canada
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31
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Franklin O, Stocker BD, Fisher JB, Prentice IC. Response to Comment on “Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO
2
fertilization effect”. Science 2017; 355:358. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benjamin D. Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Joshua B. Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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32
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Rogers A, Medlyn BE, Dukes JS, Bonan G, von Caemmerer S, Dietze MC, Kattge J, Leakey ADB, Mercado LM, Niinemets Ü, Prentice IC, Serbin SP, Sitch S, Way DA, Zaehle S. A roadmap for improving the representation of photosynthesis in Earth system models. New Phytol 2017; 213:22-42. [PMID: 27891647 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate representation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) is essential for robust projections of global change. However, current representations vary markedly between TBMs, contributing uncertainty to projections of global carbon fluxes. Here we compared the representation of photosynthesis in seven TBMs by examining leaf and canopy level responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) to key environmental variables: light, temperature, CO2 concentration, vapor pressure deficit and soil water content. We identified research areas where limited process knowledge prevents inclusion of physiological phenomena in current TBMs and research areas where data are urgently needed for model parameterization or evaluation. We provide a roadmap for new science needed to improve the representation of photosynthesis in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere and Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2061, USA
| | - Gordon Bonan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80307-3000, USA
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, The Australian National University, Linnaeus Building (Bldg 134) Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Michael C Dietze
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4SB, UK
- Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4SB, UK
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
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33
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Li G, Harrison SP, Prentice IC. A model analysis of climate and CO 2 controls on tree growth and carbon allocation in a semi-arid woodland. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Keenan TF, Prentice IC, Canadell JG, Williams CA, Wang H, Raupach M, Collatz GJ. Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO 2 due to enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13428. [PMID: 27824333 PMCID: PMC5105171 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and offset a large fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The terrestrial carbon sink is increasing, yet the mechanisms responsible for its enhancement, and implications for the growth rate of atmospheric CO2, remain unclear. Here using global carbon budget estimates, ground, atmospheric and satellite observations, and multiple global vegetation models, we report a recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2, and a decline in the fraction of anthropogenic emissions that remain in the atmosphere, despite increasing anthropogenic emissions. We attribute the observed decline to increases in the terrestrial sink during the past decade, associated with the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 on vegetation and the slowdown in the rate of warming on global respiration. The pause in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate provides further evidence of the roles of CO2 fertilization and warming-induced respiration, and highlights the need to protect both existing carbon stocks and regions, where the sink is growing rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Keenan
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94709, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher A Williams
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A &F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Michael Raupach
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - G James Collatz
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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35
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Prentice IC. Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO2 fertilization effect. Science 2016; 353:72-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Plants buffer increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations through enhanced growth, but the question whether nitrogen availability constrains the magnitude of this ecosystem service remains unresolved. Synthesizing experiments from around the world, we show that CO2 fertilization is best explained by a simple interaction between nitrogen availability and mycorrhizal association. Plant species that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi show a strong biomass increase (30 ± 3%, P < 0.001) in response to elevated CO2 regardless of nitrogen availability, whereas low nitrogen availability limits CO2 fertilization (0 ± 5%, P = 0.946) in plants that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The incorporation of mycorrhizae in global carbon cycle models is feasible, and crucial if we are to accurately project ecosystem responses and feedbacks to climate change.
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36
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Stocker BD, Prentice IC, Cornell SE, Davies-Barnard T, Finzi AC, Franklin O, Janssens I, Larmola T, Manzoni S, Näsholm T, Raven JA, Rebel KT, Reed S, Vicca S, Wiltshire A, Zaehle S. Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited. New Phytol 2016; 210:1165-8. [PMID: 27159524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Life Sciences and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sarah E Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taraka Davies-Barnard
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, Streatham Campus, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology and PhD Programme in Biogeoscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Oskar Franklin
- IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, Frescati, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John A Raven
- Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at JHI, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sasha Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Centre, Moab, UT, 84532, USA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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37
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De Kauwe MG, Lin YS, Wright IJ, Medlyn BE, Crous KY, Ellsworth DS, Maire V, Prentice IC, Atkin OK, Rogers A, Niinemets Ü, Serbin SP, Meir P, Uddling J, Togashi HF, Tarvainen L, Weerasinghe LK, Evans BJ, Ishida FY, Domingues TF. A test of the 'one-point method' for estimating maximum carboxylation capacity from field-measured, light-saturated photosynthesis. New Phytol 2016; 210:1130-44. [PMID: 26719951 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of photosynthesis by terrestrial biosphere models typically need a specification of the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax ). Estimating this parameter using A-Ci curves (net photosynthesis, A, vs intercellular CO2 concentration, Ci ) is laborious, which limits availability of Vcmax data. However, many multispecies field datasets include net photosynthetic rate at saturating irradiance and at ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (Asat ) measurements, from which Vcmax can be extracted using a 'one-point method'. We used a global dataset of A-Ci curves (564 species from 46 field sites, covering a range of plant functional types) to test the validity of an alternative approach to estimate Vcmax from Asat via this 'one-point method'. If leaf respiration during the day (Rday ) is known exactly, Vcmax can be estimated with an r(2) value of 0.98 and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 8.19 μmol m(-2) s(-1) . However, Rday typically must be estimated. Estimating Rday as 1.5% of Vcmax, we found that Vcmax could be estimated with an r(2) of 0.95 and an RMSE of 17.1 μmol m(-2) s(-1) . The one-point method provides a robust means to expand current databases of field-measured Vcmax , giving new potential to improve vegetation models and quantify the environmental drivers of Vcmax variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yan-Shih Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Vincent Maire
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrique F Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Bradley J Evans
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, Ecosystem Modelling and Scaling Infrastructure, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4870, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Díaz S, Kattge J, Cornelissen JHC, Wright IJ, Lavorel S, Dray S, Reu B, Kleyer M, Wirth C, Prentice IC, Garnier E, Bönisch G, Westoby M, Poorter H, Reich PB, Moles AT, Dickie J, Gillison AN, Zanne AE, Chave J, Wright SJ, Sheremet'ev SN, Jactel H, Baraloto C, Cerabolini B, Pierce S, Shipley B, Kirkup D, Casanoves F, Joswig JS, Günther A, Falczuk V, Rüger N, Mahecha MD, Gorné LD. The global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature 2015; 529:167-71. [PMID: 26700811 DOI: 10.1038/nature16489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1000] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Earth is home to a remarkable diversity of plant forms and life histories, yet comparatively few essential trait combinations have proved evolutionarily viable in today's terrestrial biosphere. By analysing worldwide variation in six major traits critical to growth, survival and reproduction within the largest sample of vascular plant species ever compiled, we found that occupancy of six-dimensional trait space is strongly concentrated, indicating coordination and trade-offs. Three-quarters of trait variation is captured in a two-dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function. One major dimension within this plane reflects the size of whole plants and their parts; the other represents the leaf economics spectrum, which balances leaf construction costs against growth potential. The global plant trait spectrum provides a backdrop for elucidating constraints on evolution, for functionally qualifying species and ecosystems, and for improving models that predict future vegetation based on continuous variation in plant form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Dray
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Björn Reu
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra. 27 Calle 9, 680002 Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,AXA Chair in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Eric Garnier
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175), CNRS-Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gerhard Bönisch
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution &Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John Dickie
- Collections , The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Andrew N Gillison
- Center for Biodiversity Management, P.O. Box 120, Yungaburra, Queensland 4884, Australia
| | - Amy E Zanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA.,Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS &Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Serge N Sheremet'ev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. Popov Street 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France.,Université de Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA.,INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Cerabolini
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Donald Kirkup
- Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis, Jodrell Building, The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), 7170 Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica
| | - Julia S Joswig
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Angela Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Valeria Falczuk
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadja Rüger
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Miguel D Mahecha
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucas D Gorné
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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39
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Atkin OK, Bloomfield KJ, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Asner GP, Bonal D, Bönisch G, Bradford MG, Cernusak LA, Cosio EG, Creek D, Crous KY, Domingues TF, Dukes JS, Egerton JJG, Evans JR, Farquhar GD, Fyllas NM, Gauthier PPG, Gloor E, Gimeno TE, Griffin KL, Guerrieri R, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, Ishida FY, Kattge J, Lambers H, Liddell MJ, Lloyd J, Lusk CH, Martin RE, Maksimov AP, Maximov TC, Malhi Y, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Mercado LM, Mirotchnick N, Ng D, Niinemets Ü, O'Sullivan OS, Phillips OL, Poorter L, Poot P, Prentice IC, Salinas N, Rowland LM, Ryan MG, Sitch S, Slot M, Smith NG, Turnbull MH, VanderWel MC, Valladares F, Veneklaas EJ, Weerasinghe LK, Wirth C, Wright IJ, Wythers KR, Xiang J, Xiang S, Zaragoza-Castells J. Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits. New Phytol 2015; 206:614-36. [PMID: 25581061 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark . Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8-28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark (25) ) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark (25) at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax (25) ) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark (25) values at any given Vcmax (25) or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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40
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Dani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, Atwell BJ. Species-specific photorespiratory rate, drought tolerance and isoprene emission rate in plants. Plant Signal Behav 2015; 10:e990830. [PMID: 25734586 PMCID: PMC4622504 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.990830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of drought on plant isoprene emission varies tremendously across species and environments. It was recently shown that an increased ratio of photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) to net carbon assimilation rate (NAR) consistently supported increased emission under drought. In this commentary, we highlight some of the physiological aspects of drought tolerance that are central to the observed variability. We briefly discuss some of the issues that must be addressed in order to refine our understanding of plant isoprene emission response to drought and increasing global temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Srikanta Dani
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies; The National Research Council; Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ian M Jamie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Grantham Institute for Climate Change, and Division of Biology; Imperial College London; Ascot, UK
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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41
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Zhou S, Medlyn B, Sabaté S, Sperlich D, Prentice IC. Short-term water stress impacts on stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis differ consistently among tree species from contrasting climates. Tree Physiol 2014; 34:1035-46. [PMID: 25192884 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the large-scale consequences of drought in contrasting environments requires that we understand how drought effects differ among species originating from those environments. A previous meta-analysis of published experiments suggested that the effects of drought on both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis may vary consistently among species from different hydroclimates. Here, we explicitly tested this hypothesis with two short-term water stress experiments on congeneric mesic and xeric species. One experiment was run in Australia using Eucalyptus species and the second was run in Spain using Quercus species as well as two more mesic species. In each experiment, plants were grown under moist conditions in a glasshouse, then deprived of water, and gas exchange was monitored. The stomatal response was analysed with a recently developed stomatal model, whose single parameter g1 represents the slope of the relationship between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. The non-stomatal response was partitioned into effects on mesophyll conductance (gm), the maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). We found consistency among the drought responses of g1, gm, Vcmax and Jmax, suggesting that drought imposes limitations on Rubisco activity and RuBP regeneration capacity concurrently with declines in stomatal and mesophyll conductance. Within each experiment, the more xeric species showed relatively high g1 under moist conditions, low drought sensitivity of g1, gm, Vcmax and Jmax, and more negative values of the critical pre-dawn water potential at which Vcmax declines most steeply, compared with the more mesic species. These results indicate adaptive interspecific differences in drought responses that allow xeric tree species to continue transpiration and photosynthesis for longer during periods without rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Belinda Medlyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Santiago Sabaté
- Ecology Department, University of Barcelona, Avgda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominik Sperlich
- Ecology Department, University of Barcelona, Avgda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment and Grantham Institute-Climate Change and the Environment, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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42
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De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Zaehle S, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Wang YP, Luo Y, Jain AK, El-Masri B, Hickler T, Wårlind D, Weng E, Parton WJ, Thornton PE, Wang S, Prentice IC, Asao S, Smith B, McCarthy HR, Iversen CM, Hanson PJ, Warren JM, Oren R, Norby RJ. Where does the carbon go? A model-data intercomparison of vegetation carbon allocation and turnover processes at two temperate forest free-air CO2 enrichment sites. New Phytol 2014; 203:883-99. [PMID: 24844873 PMCID: PMC4260117 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) has the potential to increase vegetation carbon storage if increased net primary production causes increased long-lived biomass. Model predictions of eCO2 effects on vegetation carbon storage depend on how allocation and turnover processes are represented. We used data from two temperate forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments to evaluate representations of allocation and turnover in 11 ecosystem models. Observed eCO2 effects on allocation were dynamic. Allocation schemes based on functional relationships among biomass fractions that vary with resource availability were best able to capture the general features of the observations. Allocation schemes based on constant fractions or resource limitations performed less well, with some models having unintended outcomes. Few models represent turnover processes mechanistically and there was wide variation in predictions of tissue lifespan. Consequently, models did not perform well at predicting eCO2 effects on vegetation carbon storage. Our recommendations to reduce uncertainty include: use of allocation schemes constrained by biomass fractions; careful testing of allocation schemes; and synthesis of allocation and turnover data in terms of model parameters. Data from intensively studied ecosystem manipulation experiments are invaluable for constraining models and we recommend that such experiments should attempt to fully quantify carbon, water and nutrient budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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43
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Dani KGS, Jamie IM, Prentice IC, Atwell BJ. Evolution of isoprene emission capacity in plants. Trends Plant Sci 2014; 19:439-46. [PMID: 24582468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent de novo volatile isoprene emission by terrestrial plants (approximately 2% of carbon fixed during photosynthesis) contributes as much as 0.5 PgC/year to the global carbon cycle. Although most plant taxa exhibit either constitutive or inducible monoterpene emissions, the evolution of isoprene emission capacity in multiple lineages has remained unexplained. Based on the predominant occurrence of isoprene emission capacity in long-lived, fast-growing woody plants; the relationship between 'metabolic scope' of tree genera and their species richness; and the proposed role of high growth rates and long generation times in accelerating molecular evolution, we hypothesise that long-lived plant genera with inherently high speciation rates have repeatedly acquired and lost the capacity to emit isoprene in their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Srikanta Dani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian M Jamie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Grantham Institute for Climate Change, and Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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44
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Zaehle S, Medlyn BE, De Kauwe MG, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Hickler T, Luo Y, Wang YP, El-Masri B, Thornton P, Jain A, Wang S, Warlind D, Weng E, Parton W, Iversen CM, Gallet-Budynek A, McCarthy H, Finzi A, Hanson PJ, Prentice IC, Oren R, Norby RJ. Evaluation of 11 terrestrial carbon-nitrogen cycle models against observations from two temperate Free-Air CO2 Enrichment studies. New Phytol 2014; 202:803-822. [PMID: 24467623 PMCID: PMC4288990 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the responses of 11 ecosystem models to elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] (eCO2 ) at two temperate forest ecosystems (Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments) to test alternative representations of carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) cycle processes. We decomposed the model responses into component processes affecting the response to eCO2 and confronted these with observations from the FACE experiments. Most of the models reproduced the observed initial enhancement of net primary production (NPP) at both sites, but none was able to simulate both the sustained 10-yr enhancement at Duke and the declining response at ORNL: models generally showed signs of progressive N limitation as a result of lower than observed plant N uptake. Nonetheless, many models showed qualitative agreement with observed component processes. The results suggest that improved representation of above-ground-below-ground interactions and better constraints on plant stoichiometry are important for a predictive understanding of eCO2 effects. Improved accuracy of soil organic matter inventories is pivotal to reduce uncertainty in the observed C-N budgets. The two FACE experiments are insufficient to fully constrain terrestrial responses to eCO2 , given the complexity of factors leading to the observed diverging trends, and the consequential inability of the models to explain these trends. Nevertheless, the ecosystem models were able to capture important features of the experiments, lending some support to their projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryHans-Knöll-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Department of Biological Science, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Science, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Michael C Dietze
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Hickler
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für NaturforschungD-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe UniversityD-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchPMB 1, Aspendale, Vic., 3195, Australia
| | - Bassil El-Masri
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Peter Thornton
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Atul Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of IllinoisUrbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shusen Wang
- Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, Natural Resources CanadaOttawa, ON, K1A 0Y7, Canada
| | - David Warlind
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund UniversitySE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ensheng Weng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - William Parton
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Anne Gallet-Budynek
- INRA, UMR1220 TCEMF-33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR1220 TCEMF-33175, Gradignan, France
| | - Heather McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Adrien Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Science, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College LondonSilwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Ram Oren
- Division of Environmental Science & Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard J Norby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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Bistinas I, Oom D, Sá ACL, Harrison SP, Prentice IC, Pereira JMC. Relationships between human population density and burned area at continental and global scales. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81188. [PMID: 24358108 PMCID: PMC3865302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the large spatial variation in the relationship between population density and burned area, using continental-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) based on 13 years of satellite-derived burned area maps from the global fire emissions database (GFED) and the human population density from the gridded population of the world (GPW 2005). Significant relationships are observed over 51.5% of the global land area, and the area affected varies from continent to continent: population density has a significant impact on fire over most of Asia and Africa but is important in explaining fire over < 22% of Europe and Australia. Increasing population density is associated with both increased and decreased in fire. The nature of the relationship depends on land-use: increasing population density is associated with increased burned are in rangelands but with decreased burned area in croplands. Overall, the relationship between population density and burned area is non-monotonic: burned area initially increases with population density and then decreases when population density exceeds a threshold. These thresholds vary regionally. Our study contributes to improved understanding of how human activities relate to burned area, and should contribute to a better estimate of atmospheric emissions from biomass burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bistinas
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte Oom
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. L. Sá
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandy P. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
- Geography & Environmental Sciences, School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Reading University, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
- Grantham Institute for Climate Change, and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - José M. C. Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhou S, Duursma RA, Medlyn BE, Kelly JW, Prentice IC. How should we model plant responses to drought? An analysis of stomatal and non-stomatal responses to water stress. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2013; 182-183:204-214. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Prentice IC, Dong N, Gleason SM, Maire V, Wright IJ. Balancing the costs of carbon gain and water transport: testing a new theoretical framework for plant functional ecology. Ecol Lett 2013; 17:82-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts; Department of Life Sciences and Grantham Institute for Climate Change; Imperial College; Silwood Park Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Sean M. Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Vincent Maire
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia
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De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Zaehle S, Walker AP, Dietze MC, Hickler T, Jain AK, Luo Y, Parton WJ, Prentice IC, Smith B, Thornton PE, Wang S, Wang YP, Wårlind D, Weng E, Crous KY, Ellsworth DS, Hanson PJ, Seok Kim H, Warren JM, Oren R, Norby RJ. Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO2 : a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:1759-79. [PMID: 23504858 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Predicted responses of transpiration to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2 ) are highly variable amongst process-based models. To better understand and constrain this variability amongst models, we conducted an intercomparison of 11 ecosystem models applied to data from two forest free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments at Duke University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We analysed model structures to identify the key underlying assumptions causing differences in model predictions of transpiration and canopy water use efficiency. We then compared the models against data to identify model assumptions that are incorrect or are large sources of uncertainty. We found that model-to-model and model-to-observations differences resulted from four key sets of assumptions, namely (i) the nature of the stomatal response to elevated CO2 (coupling between photosynthesis and stomata was supported by the data); (ii) the roles of the leaf and atmospheric boundary layer (models which assumed multiple conductance terms in series predicted more decoupled fluxes than observed at the broadleaf site); (iii) the treatment of canopy interception (large intermodel variability, 2-15%); and (iv) the impact of soil moisture stress (process uncertainty in how models limit carbon and water fluxes during moisture stress). Overall, model predictions of the CO2 effect on WUE were reasonable (intermodel μ = approximately 28% ± 10%) compared to the observations (μ = approximately 30% ± 13%) at the well-coupled coniferous site (Duke), but poor (intermodel μ = approximately 24% ± 6%; observations μ = approximately 38% ± 7%) at the broadleaf site (Oak Ridge). The study yields a framework for analysing and interpreting model predictions of transpiration responses to eCO2 , and highlights key improvements to these types of models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G De Kauwe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
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Harrison SP, Morfopoulos C, Dani KGS, Prentice IC, Arneth A, Atwell BJ, Barkley MP, Leishman MR, Loreto F, Medlyn BE, Niinemets Ü, Possell M, Peñuelas J, Wright IJ. Volatile isoprenoid emissions from plastid to planet. New Phytol 2013; 197:49-57. [PMID: 23145556 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1-2% of net primary production by land plants is re-emitted to the atmosphere as isoprene and monoterpenes. These emissions play major roles in atmospheric chemistry and air pollution-climate interactions. Phenomenological models have been developed to predict their emission rates, but limited understanding of the function and regulation of these emissions has led to large uncertainties in model projections of air quality and greenhouse gas concentrations. We synthesize recent advances in diverse fields, from cell physiology to atmospheric remote sensing, and use this information to propose a simple conceptual model of volatile isoprenoid emission based on regulation of metabolism in the chloroplast. This may provide a robust foundation for scaling up emissions from the cellular to the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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50
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Prentice IC, Spahni R, Niu HS. Modelling terrestrial nitrous oxide emissions and implications for climate feedback. New Phytol 2012; 196:472-488. [PMID: 22924469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions respond to changes in climate and CO2 concentration as well as anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enhancements. Here, we aimed to quantify the responses of natural ecosystem N2O emissions to multiple environmental drivers using a process-based global vegetation model (DyN-LPJ). We checked that modelled annual N2O emissions from nonagricultural ecosystems could reproduce field measurements worldwide, and experimentally observed responses to step changes in environmental factors. We then simulated global N2O emissions throughout the 20th century and analysed the effects of environmental changes. The model reproduced well the global pattern of N2O emissions and the observed responses of N cycle components to changes in environmental factors. Simulated 20th century global decadal-average soil emissions were c. 8.2-9.5 Tg N yr(-1) (or 8.3-10.3 Tg N yr(-1) with N deposition). Warming and N deposition contributed 0.85±0.41 and 0.80±0.14 Tg N yr(-1), respectively, to an overall upward trend. Rising CO2 also contributed, in part, through a positive interaction with warming. The modelled temperature dependence of N2O emission (c. 1 Tg N yr(-1) K(-1)) implies a positive climate feedback which, over the lifetime of N2O (114 yr), could become as important as the climate-carbon cycle feedback caused by soil CO2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Renato Spahni
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hai Shan Niu
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Beijing, 100049, China
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