1
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Bachofen C, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Mackay DS, McDowell NG, Carminati A, Klein T, Stocker BD, Mencuccini M, Grossiord C. Tree water uptake patterns across the globe. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38649790 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions - indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bachofen
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01316, USA
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tamir Klein
- Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA at CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Luo Y, Gessler A, D'Odorico P, Hufkens K, Stocker BD. Quantifying effects of cold acclimation and delayed springtime photosynthesis resumption in northern ecosystems. New Phytol 2023; 240:984-1002. [PMID: 37583086 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Land carbon dynamics in temperate and boreal ecosystems are sensitive to environmental change. Accurately simulating gross primary productivity (GPP) and its seasonality is key for reliable carbon cycle projections. However, significant biases have been found in early spring GPP simulations of northern forests, where observations often suggest a later resumption of photosynthetic activity than predicted by models. Here, we used eddy covariance-based GPP estimates from 39 forest sites that differ by their climate and dominant plant functional types. We used a mechanistic and an empirical light use efficiency (LUE) model to investigate the magnitude and environmental controls of delayed springtime photosynthesis resumption (DSPR) across sites. We found DSPR reduced ecosystem LUE by 30-70% at many, but not all site-years during spring. A significant depression of LUE was found not only in coniferous but also at deciduous forests and was related to combined high radiation and low minimum temperatures. By embedding cold-acclimation effects on LUE that considers the delayed effects of minimum temperatures, initial model bias in simulated springtime GPP was effectively resolved. This provides an approach to improve GPP estimates by considering physiological acclimation and enables more reliable simulations of photosynthesis in northern forests and projections in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Luo
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8902, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Petra D'Odorico
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8902, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental System Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8902, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Giardina F, Gentine P, Konings AG, Seneviratne SI, Stocker BD. Diagnosing evapotranspiration responses to water deficit across biomes using deep learning. New Phytol 2023; 240:968-983. [PMID: 37621238 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for water limitation is key to determining vegetation sensitivity to drought. Quantifying water limitation effects on evapotranspiration (ET) is challenged by the heterogeneity of vegetation types, climate zones and vertically along the rooting zone. Here, we train deep neural networks using flux measurements to study ET responses to progressing drought conditions. We determine a water stress factor (fET) that isolates ET reductions from effects of atmospheric aridity and other covarying drivers. We regress fET against the cumulative water deficit, which reveals the control of whole-column moisture availability. We find a variety of ET responses to water stress. Responses range from rapid declines of fET to 10% of its water-unlimited rate at several savannah and grassland sites, to mild fET reductions in most forests, despite substantial water deficits. Most sensitive responses are found at the most arid and warm sites. A combination of regulation of stomatal and hydraulic conductance and access to belowground water reservoirs, whether in groundwater or deep soil moisture, could explain the different behaviors observed across sites. This variety of responses is not captured by a standard land surface model, likely reflecting simplifications in its representation of belowground water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giardina
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Center for Learning the Earth with Artificial Intelligence and Physics (LEAP), Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sonia I Seneviratne
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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4
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Zohner CM, Mirzagholi L, Renner SS, Mo L, Rebindaine D, Bucher R, Palouš D, Vitasse Y, Fu YH, Stocker BD, Crowther TW. Effect of climate warming on the timing of autumn leaf senescence reverses after the summer solstice. Science 2023; 381:eadf5098. [PMID: 37410847 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is shifting the growing seasons of plants, affecting species performance and biogeochemical cycles. Yet how the timing of autumn leaf senescence in Northern Hemisphere forests will change remains uncertain. Using satellite, ground, carbon flux, and experimental data, we show that early-season and late-season warming have opposite effects on leaf senescence, with a reversal occurring after the year's longest day (the summer solstice). Across 84% of the northern forest area, increased temperature and vegetation activity before the solstice led to an earlier senescence onset of, on average, 1.9 ± 0.1 days per °C, whereas warmer post-solstice temperatures extended senescence duration by 2.6 ± 0.1 days per °C. The current trajectories toward an earlier onset and slowed progression of senescence affect Northern Hemisphere-wide trends in growing-season length and forest productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin M Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Mirzagholi
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lidong Mo
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Rebindaine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymo Bucher
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Palouš
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University in Prague, CZ 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yann Vitasse
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Stocker BD, Tumber-Dávila SJ, Konings AG, Anderson MC, Hain C, Jackson RB. Global patterns of water storage in the rooting zones of vegetation. Nat Geosci 2023; 16:250-256. [PMID: 36920146 PMCID: PMC10005945 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-023-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The rooting-zone water-storage capacity-the amount of water accessible to plants-controls the sensitivity of land-atmosphere exchange of water and carbon during dry periods. How the rooting-zone water-storage capacity varies spatially is largely unknown and not directly observable. Here we estimate rooting-zone water-storage capacity globally from the relationship between remotely sensed vegetation activity, measured by combining evapotranspiration, sun-induced fluorescence and radiation estimates, and the cumulative water deficit calculated from daily time series of precipitation and evapotranspiration. Our findings indicate plant-available water stores that exceed the storage capacity of 2-m-deep soils across 37% of Earth's vegetated surface. We find that biome-level variations of rooting-zone water-storage capacities correlate with observed rooting-zone depth distributions and reflect the influence of hydroclimate, as measured by the magnitude of annual cumulative water-deficit extremes. Smaller-scale variations are linked to topography and land use. Our findings document large spatial variations in the effective root-zone water-storage capacity and illustrate a tight link among the climatology of water deficits, rooting depth of vegetation and its sensitivity to water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Stocker
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shersingh Joseph Tumber-Dávila
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert B. Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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6
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Lin Q, Tian D, Zhao C, Wang B, Yan Z, Stocker BD, Li Y, Fang J. Application of the rapid leaf A-C i response (RACiR) technique: examples from evergreen broadleaved species. Photosynth Res 2023; 155:139-146. [PMID: 36346510 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using steady-state photosynthesis-intercellular CO2 concentration (A-Ci) response curves to obtain the maximum rates of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax) is time-consuming and labour-intensive. Instead, the rapid A-Ci response (RACiR) technique provides a potential, high-efficiency method. However, efficient parameter settings of RACiR technique for evergreen broadleaved species remain unclear. Here, we used Li-COR LI-6800 to obtain the optimum parameter settings of RACiR curves for evergreen broadleaved trees and shrubs. We set 11 groups of CO2 gradients ([CO2]), i.e. R1 (400-1500 ppm), R2 (400-200-800 ppm), R3 (420-20-620 ppm), R4 (420-20-820 ppm), R5 (420-20-1020 ppm), R6 (420-20-1220 ppm), R7 (420-20-1520 ppm), R8 (420-20-1820 ppm), R9 (450-50-650 ppm), R10 (650-50 ppm) and R11 (650-50-650 ppm), and then compared the differences between steady-state A-Ci and RACiR curves. We found that Vcmax and Jmax calculated by steady-state A-Ci and RACiR curves overall showed no significant differences across 11 [CO2] gradients (P > 0.05). For the studied evergreens, the efficiency and accuracy of R2, R3, R4, R9 and R10 were higher than the others. Hence, we recommend that the [CO2] gradients of R2, R3, R4, R9 and R10 could be applied preferentially for measurements when using the RACiR technique to obtain Vcmax and Jmax of evergreen broadleaved species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhong Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Di Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Changti Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- Institute of Botany, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yu'e Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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7
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Bloomfield KJ, Stocker BD, Keenan TF, Prentice IC. Environmental controls on the light use efficiency of terrestrial gross primary production. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1037-1053. [PMID: 36334075 PMCID: PMC10099475 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) by terrestrial ecosystems is a key quantity in the global carbon cycle. The instantaneous controls of leaf-level photosynthesis are well established, but there is still no consensus on the mechanisms by which canopy-level GPP depends on spatial and temporal variation in the environment. The standard model of photosynthesis provides a robust mechanistic representation for C3 species; however, additional assumptions are required to "scale up" from leaf to canopy. As a consequence, competing models make inconsistent predictions about how GPP will respond to continuing environmental change. This problem is addressed here by means of an empirical analysis of the light use efficiency (LUE) of GPP inferred from eddy covariance carbon dioxide flux measurements, in situ measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and remotely sensed estimates of the fraction of PAR (fAPAR) absorbed by the vegetation canopy. Focusing on LUE allows potential drivers of GPP to be separated from its overriding dependence on light. GPP data from over 100 sites, collated over 20 years and located in a range of biomes and climate zones, were extracted from the FLUXNET2015 database and combined with remotely sensed fAPAR data to estimate daily LUE. Daytime air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, diffuse fraction of solar radiation, and soil moisture were shown to be salient predictors of LUE in a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The same model design was fitted to site-based LUE estimates generated by 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. The published models showed wide variation in the shape, the strength, and even the sign of the environmental effects on modeled LUE. These findings highlight important model deficiencies and suggest a need to progress beyond simple "goodness of fit" comparisons of inferred and predicted carbon fluxes toward an approach focused on the functional responses of the underlying dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J. Bloomfield
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Benjamin D. Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETHZurichSwitzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of GeographyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College LondonAscotUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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8
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Fluet-Chouinard E, Stocker BD, Zhang Z, Malhotra A, Melton JR, Poulter B, Kaplan JO, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Minayeva T, Hugelius G, Joosten H, Barthelmes A, Prigent C, Aires F, Hoyt AM, Davidson N, Finlayson CM, Lehner B, Jackson RB, McIntyre PB. Extensive global wetland loss over the past three centuries. Nature 2023; 614:281-286. [PMID: 36755174 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands have long been drained for human use, thereby strongly affecting greenhouse gas fluxes, flood control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity1,2. Nevertheless, the global extent of natural wetland loss remains remarkably uncertain3. Here, we reconstruct the spatial distribution and timing of wetland loss through conversion to seven human land uses between 1700 and 2020, by combining national and subnational records of drainage and conversion with land-use maps and simulated wetland extents. We estimate that 3.4 million km2 (confidence interval 2.9-3.8) of inland wetlands have been lost since 1700, primarily for conversion to croplands. This net loss of 21% (confidence interval 16-23%) of global wetland area is lower than that suggested previously by extrapolations of data disproportionately from high-loss regions. Wetland loss has been concentrated in Europe, the United States and China, and rapidly expanded during the mid-twentieth century. Our reconstruction elucidates the timing and land-use drivers of global wetland losses, providing an improved historical baseline to guide assessment of wetland loss impact on Earth system processes, conservation planning to protect remaining wetlands and prioritization of sites for wetland restoration4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Fluet-Chouinard
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jed O Kaplan
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kees Klein Goldewijk
- Faculty of Geosciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Joosten
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peatland Studies and Paleoecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Barthelmes
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peatland Studies and Paleoecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Catherine Prigent
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Filipe Aires
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nick Davidson
- Nick Davidson Environmental, Queens House, Wigmore, UK.,Gulbali Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Max Finlayson
- Gulbali Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, New South Wales, Australia.,IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Lehner
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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9
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Joshi J, Stocker BD, Hofhansl F, Zhou S, Dieckmann U, Prentice IC. Towards a unified theory of plant photosynthesis and hydraulics. Nat Plants 2022; 8:1304-1316. [PMID: 36303010 PMCID: PMC9663302 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The global carbon and water cycles are governed by the coupling of CO2 and water vapour exchanges through the leaves of terrestrial plants, controlled by plant adaptations to balance carbon gains and hydraulic risks. We introduce a trait-based optimality theory that unifies the treatment of stomatal responses and biochemical acclimation of plants to environments changing on multiple timescales. Tested with experimental data from 18 species, our model successfully predicts the simultaneous decline in carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity during progressive soil drought. It also correctly predicts the dependencies of gas exchange on atmospheric vapour pressure deficit, temperature and CO2. Model predictions are also consistent with widely observed empirical patterns, such as the distribution of hydraulic strategies. Our unified theory opens new avenues for reliably modelling the interactive effects of drying soil and rising atmospheric CO2 on global photosynthesis and transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Joshi
- Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
- Complexity Science and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 2, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Complexity Science and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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10
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Schönbeck L, Grossiord C, Gessler A, Gisler J, Meusburger K, D'Odorico P, Rigling A, Salmon Y, Stocker BD, Zweifel R, Schaub M. Photosynthetic acclimation and sensitivity to short- and long-term environmental changes in a drought-prone forest. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2576-2588. [PMID: 35134157 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Future climate will be characterized by an increase in frequency and duration of drought and warming that exacerbates atmospheric evaporative demand. How trees acclimate to long-term soil moisture changes and whether these long-term changes alter trees' sensitivity to short-term (day to months) variations of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture is largely unknown. Leaf gas exchange measurements were performed within a long-term (17 years) irrigation experiment in a drought-prone Scots pine-dominated forest in one of Switzerland's driest areas on trees in naturally dry (control), irrigated, and 'irrigation-stop' (after 11 years of irrigation) conditions. Seventeen years of irrigation increased photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) and reduced gs sensitivity to increasing VPD and soil drying. Following irrigation-stop, gas exchange decreased only after 3 years. After 5 years, maximum carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax) rates in irrigation-stop recovered to similar levels as to before the irrigation-stop. These results suggest that long-term release from soil drought reduces the sensitivity to VPD and that atmospheric constraints may play an increasingly important role in combination with soil drought. Moreover, our study indicates that structural adjustments lead to an attenuation of initially strong leaf-level acclimation to strong multiple-year drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schönbeck
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Station 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Gisler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Biogeochemistry Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Petra D'Odorico
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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11
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Keenan TF, Luo X, De Kauwe MG, Medlyn BE, Prentice IC, Stocker BD, Smith NG, Terrer C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhou S. A constraint on historic growth in global photosynthesis due to increasing CO 2. Nature 2021; 600:253-258. [PMID: 34880429 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing1-3, offsetting roughly a third of anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere each decade1, and thus serving to slow4 the growth of atmospheric CO2. It has been suggested that a CO2-induced long-term increase in global photosynthesis, a process known as CO2 fertilization, is responsible for a large proportion of the current terrestrial carbon sink4-7. The estimated magnitude of the historic increase in photosynthesis as result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, however, differs by an order of magnitude between long-term proxies and terrestrial biosphere models7-13. Here we quantify the historic effect of CO2 on global photosynthesis by identifying an emergent constraint14-16 that combines terrestrial biosphere models with global carbon budget estimates. Our analysis suggests that CO2 fertilization increased global annual photosynthesis by 11.85 ± 1.4%, or 13.98 ± 1.63 petagrams carbon (mean ± 95% confidence interval) between 1981 and 2020. Our results help resolve conflicting estimates of the historic sensitivity of global photosynthesis to CO2, and highlight the large impact anthropogenic emissions have had on ecosystems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - X Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Geography, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - B D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - N G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.,Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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12
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Harrison SP, Cramer W, Franklin O, Prentice IC, Wang H, Brännström Å, de Boer H, Dieckmann U, Joshi J, Keenan TF, Lavergne A, Manzoni S, Mengoli G, Morfopoulos C, Peñuelas J, Pietsch S, Rebel KT, Ryu Y, Smith NG, Stocker BD, Wright IJ. Eco-evolutionary optimality as a means to improve vegetation and land-surface models. New Phytol 2021; 231:2125-2141. [PMID: 34131932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global vegetation and land-surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific understanding of the behaviour of plants and ecosystems, and are indispensable to project the impacts of environmental change on vegetation and the interactions between vegetation and climate. However, systematic errors and persistently large differences among carbon and water cycle projections by different models highlight the limitations of current process formulations. In this review, focusing on core plant functions in the terrestrial carbon and water cycles, we show how unifying hypotheses derived from eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) principles can provide novel, parameter-sparse representations of plant and vegetation processes. We present case studies that demonstrate how EEO generates parsimonious representations of core, leaf-level processes that are individually testable and supported by evidence. EEO approaches to photosynthesis and primary production, dark respiration and stomatal behaviour are ripe for implementation in global models. EEO approaches to other important traits, including the leaf economics spectrum and applications of EEO at the community level are active research areas. Independently tested modules emerging from EEO studies could profitably be integrated into modelling frameworks that account for the multiple time scales on which plants and plant communities adjust to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, F-13545, France
| | - Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Åke Brännström
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Jaideep Joshi
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aliénor Lavergne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Mengoli
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Catherine Morfopoulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- BOKU - University of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gregor-Medel-Strasse 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zrcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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13
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Ma H, Mo L, Crowther TW, Maynard DS, van den Hoogen J, Stocker BD, Terrer C, Zohner CM. The global distribution and environmental drivers of aboveground versus belowground plant biomass. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1110-1122. [PMID: 34168336 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A poor understanding of the fraction of global plant biomass occurring belowground as roots limits our understanding of present and future ecosystem function and carbon pools. Here we create a database of root-mass fractions (RMFs), an index of plant below- versus aboveground biomass distributions, and generate quantitative, spatially explicit global maps of RMFs in trees, shrubs and grasses. Our analyses reveal large gradients in RMFs both across and within vegetation types that can be attributed to resource availability. High RMFs occur in cold and dry ecosystems, while low RMFs dominate in warm and wet regions. Across all vegetation types, the directional effect of temperature on RMFs depends on water availability, suggesting feedbacks between heat, water and nutrient supply. By integrating our RMF maps with existing aboveground plant biomass information, we estimate that in forests, shrublands and grasslands, respectively, 22%, 47% and 67% of plant biomass exists belowground, with a total global belowground fraction of 24% (20-28%), that is, 113 (90-135) Gt carbon. By documenting the environmental correlates of root biomass allocation, our results can inform model projections of global vegetation dynamics under current and future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhi Ma
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lidong Mo
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Maynard
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - César Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Constantin M Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Franklin O, Harrison SP, Dewar R, Farrior CE, Brännström Å, Dieckmann U, Pietsch S, Falster D, Cramer W, Loreau M, Wang H, Mäkelä A, Rebel KT, Meron E, Schymanski SJ, Rovenskaya E, Stocker BD, Zaehle S, Manzoni S, van Oijen M, Wright IJ, Ciais P, van Bodegom PM, Peñuelas J, Hofhansl F, Terrer C, Soudzilovskaia NA, Midgley G, Prentice IC. Organizing principles for vegetation dynamics. Nat Plants 2020; 6:444-453. [PMID: 32393882 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants and vegetation play a critical-but largely unpredictable-role in global environmental changes due to the multitude of contributing processes at widely different spatial and temporal scales. In this Perspective, we explore approaches to master this complexity and improve our ability to predict vegetation dynamics by explicitly taking account of principles that constrain plant and ecosystem behaviour: natural selection, self-organization and entropy maximization. These ideas are increasingly being used in vegetation models, but we argue that their full potential has yet to be realized. We demonstrate the power of natural selection-based optimality principles to predict photosynthetic and carbon allocation responses to multiple environmental drivers, as well as how individual plasticity leads to the predictable self-organization of forest canopies. We show how models of natural selection acting on a few key traits can generate realistic plant communities and how entropy maximization can identify the most probable outcomes of community dynamics in space- and time-varying environments. Finally, we present a roadmap indicating how these principles could be combined in a new generation of models with stronger theoretical foundations and an improved capacity to predict complex vegetation responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Roderick Dewar
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline E Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Åke Brännström
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Japan
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Falster
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity, Theory, and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehud Meron
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Stanislaus J Schymanski
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Rovenskaya
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel van Oijen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Edinburgh), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Cesar Terrer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Midgley
- Department Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - I Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, UK
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15
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Peaucelle M, Janssens IA, Stocker BD, Descals Ferrando A, Fu YH, Molowny-Horas R, Ciais P, Peñuelas J. Spatial variance of spring phenology in temperate deciduous forests is constrained by background climatic conditions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5388. [PMID: 31772185 PMCID: PMC6879605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf unfolding in temperate forests is driven by spring temperature, but little is known about the spatial variance of that temperature dependency. Here we use in situ leaf unfolding observations for eight deciduous tree species to show that the two factors that control chilling (number of cold days) and heat requirement (growing degree days at leaf unfolding, GDDreq) only explain 30% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding. Radiation and aridity differences among sites together explain 10% of the spatial variance of leaf unfolding date, and 40% of the variation in GDDreq. Radiation intensity is positively correlated with GDDreq and aridity is negatively correlated with GDDreq spatial variance. These results suggest that leaf unfolding of temperate deciduous trees is adapted to local mean climate, including water and light availability, through altered sensitivity to spring temperature. Such adaptation of heat requirement to background climate would imply that models using constant temperature response are inherently inaccurate at local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Peaucelle
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain.
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain.
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology - CAVElab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department for Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 2, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrià Descals Ferrando
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 1572 CEA-CNRS UVSQ, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, CA, Spain
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16
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Stocker BD, Zscheischler J, Keenan TF, Prentice IC, Peñuelas J, Seneviratne SI. Quantifying soil moisture impacts on light use efficiency across biomes. New Phytol 2018; 218:1430-1449. [PMID: 29604221 PMCID: PMC5969272 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial primary productivity and carbon cycle impacts of droughts are commonly quantified using vapour pressure deficit (VPD) data and remotely sensed greenness, without accounting for soil moisture. However, soil moisture limitation is known to strongly affect plant physiology. Here, we investigate light use efficiency, the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP) to absorbed light. We derive its fractional reduction due to soil moisture (fLUE), separated from VPD and greenness changes, using artificial neural networks trained on eddy covariance data, multiple soil moisture datasets and remotely sensed greenness. This reveals substantial impacts of soil moisture alone that reduce GPP by up to 40% at sites located in sub-humid, semi-arid or arid regions. For sites in relatively moist climates, we find, paradoxically, a muted fLUE response to drying soil, but reduced fLUE under wet conditions. fLUE identifies substantial drought impacts that are not captured when relying solely on VPD and greenness changes and, when seasonally recurring, are missed by traditional, anomaly-based drought indices. Counter to common assumptions, fLUE reductions are largest in drought-deciduous vegetation, including grasslands. Our results highlight the necessity to account for soil moisture limitation in terrestrial primary productivity data products, especially for drought-related assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Stocker
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia08193Spain
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate ScienceETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LabBerkeleyCA94709USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate ImpactsDepartment of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSilwood Park CampusLondonSL5 7PYUK
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsCatalonia08193Spain
- CSICGlobal Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UABBellaterra, Catalonia08193Spain
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Stocker BD, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Finzi AC, Prentice IC. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO 2 governed by plant-soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition. New Phytol 2018; 217:507-522. [PMID: 29105765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 507 I. Introduction 507 II. The return on investment approach 508 III. CO2 response spectrum 510 IV. Discussion 516 Acknowledgements 518 References 518 SUMMARY: Land ecosystems sequester on average about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been proposed that nitrogen (N) availability will exert an increasingly limiting effect on plants' ability to store additional carbon (C) under rising CO2 , but these mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we review findings from elevated CO2 experiments using a plant economics framework, highlighting how ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the costs and benefits of plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic N-fixing microbes. We found that N-acquisition efficiency is positively correlated with leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and plant growth, and negatively with soil C storage. Plants that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and N-fixers may acquire N at a lower cost than plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, the additional growth in ectomycorrhizal plants is partly offset by decreases in soil C pools via priming. Collectively, our results indicate that predictive models aimed at quantifying C cycle feedbacks to global change may be improved by treating N as a resource that can be acquired by plants in exchange for energy, with different costs depending on plant interactions with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Franklin O, Stocker BD, Fisher JB, Prentice IC. Response to Comment on “Mycorrhizal association as a primary control of the CO
2
fertilization effect”. Science 2017; 355:358. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benjamin D. Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Joshua B. Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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Zhang Y, Xiao X, Guanter L, Zhou S, Ciais P, Joiner J, Sitch S, Wu X, Nabel J, Dong J, Kato E, Jain AK, Wiltshire A, Stocker BD. Precipitation and carbon-water coupling jointly control the interannual variability of global land gross primary production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39748. [PMID: 28008960 PMCID: PMC5180184 DOI: 10.1038/srep39748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems is increasing along with the rising of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Embedded in this trend, recent studies suggested that the interannual variability (IAV) of global carbon fluxes may be dominated by semi-arid ecosystems, but the underlying mechanisms of this high variability in these specific regions are not well known. Here we derive an ensemble of gross primary production (GPP) estimates using the average of three data-driven models and eleven process-based models. These models are weighted by their spatial representativeness of the satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF). We then use this weighted GPP ensemble to investigate the GPP variability for different aridity regimes. We show that semi-arid regions contribute to 57% of the detrended IAV of global GPP. Moreover, in regions with higher GPP variability, GPP fluctuations are mostly controlled by precipitation and strongly coupled with evapotranspiration (ET). This higher GPP IAV in semi-arid regions is co-limited by supply (precipitation)-induced ET variability and GPP-ET coupling strength. Our results demonstrate the importance of semi-arid regions to the global terrestrial carbon cycle and posit that there will be larger GPP and ET variations in the future with changes in precipitation patterns and dryland expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Luis Guanter
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg A17, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Xiaocui Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Julia Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstr. 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jinwei Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Global Environment Program, Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61821, USA
| | - Andy Wiltshire
- Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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Stocker BD, Prentice IC, Cornell SE, Davies-Barnard T, Finzi AC, Franklin O, Janssens I, Larmola T, Manzoni S, Näsholm T, Raven JA, Rebel KT, Reed S, Vicca S, Wiltshire A, Zaehle S. Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited. New Phytol 2016; 210:1165-8. [PMID: 27159524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Life Sciences and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair of Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences and Grantham Institute for Climate Change, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sarah E Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taraka Davies-Barnard
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, Streatham Campus, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology and PhD Programme in Biogeoscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Oskar Franklin
- IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, Frescati, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John A Raven
- Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at JHI, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sasha Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Centre, Moab, UT, 84532, USA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Sönke Zaehle
- Biogeochemical Integration Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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Stocker BD, Nyland JA, Caborn DN, Sternes R, Ray JM. Results of the Kentucky high school football knee injury survey. J Ky Med Assoc 1997; 95:458-64. [PMID: 9392932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study attempted to: 1) determine knee injury and reinjury incidence of Kentucky high school football players; 2) relate results to initial care provider, treatment following initial physician exam, time lost from injury, injury type, player position, and team size; and 3) assess coaches opinions and practices about lateral prophylactic knee brace (LPKB) usage and effectiveness. A post season, mail-in coaches' survey (50.2% return, 101/201) collected these data. Returned surveys represented 4690 players with average team size (x +/- SD) of 43 +/- 13. Two hundred fifty seven reported knee injuries yielded .055 knee injuries/player with .04 knee injuries/player being "new" and .015 knee injuries/player recurring (27% of reported knee injuries) during the season. Games accounted for 56.4% (56/101) of reported knee injuries. Coaches generally believed that LPKB usage prevented knee injuries (56.4%, 56/101) and allowed LPKB usage (92.1%, 93/101), however only 8.3% (8/101) required their wear (interior linemen 50%, linebackers 25%, entire team (25%). Interior linemen had the greatest number of knee injuries, followed by offensive backs and linebackers. Most knee injuries (81%, 208/257) were out 3-6 weeks or less, 64% (164/257) involved sprains or contusions, 38% (97/257) were treated surgically (alone or with rehabilitation) and 36% (92/257) were treated solely with rehabilitation. Total knee injury and reinjury incidence were under-estimated compared to existing reports. Improved injury recording methods, and post-symposia coaches evaluation are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Stocker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0284, USA
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