1
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Tao F, Houlton BZ, Frey SD, Lehmann J, Manzoni S, Huang Y, Jiang L, Mishra U, Hungate BA, Schmidt MWI, Reichstein M, Carvalhais N, Ciais P, Wang YP, Ahrens B, Hugelius G, Hocking TD, Lu X, Shi Z, Viatkin K, Vargas R, Yigini Y, Omuto C, Malik AA, Peralta G, Cuevas-Corona R, Di Paolo LE, Luotto I, Liao C, Liang YS, Saynes VS, Huang X, Luo Y. Reply to: Model uncertainty obscures major driver of soil carbon. Nature 2024; 627:E4-E6. [PMID: 38448699 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Serita D Frey
- Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Umakant Mishra
- Computational Biology & Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toby D Hocking
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Xingjie Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kostiantyn Viatkin
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Vargas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Yusuf Yigini
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Omuto
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashish A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Guillermo Peralta
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabel Luotto
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Cuijuan Liao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Shuang Liang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Vinisa S Saynes
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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2
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Guasconi D, Manzoni S, Hugelius G. Climate-dependent responses of root and shoot biomass to drought duration and intensity in grasslands-a meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166209. [PMID: 37572920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of altered precipitation regimes on root biomass in grasslands is crucial for predicting grassland responses to climate change. Nonetheless, studies investigating the effects of drought on belowground vegetation have produced mixed results. In particular, root biomass under reduced precipitation may increase, decrease or show a delayed response compared to shoot biomass, highlighting a knowledge gap in the relationship between belowground net primary production and drought. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 100 field observations of grassland root and shoot biomass changes under experimental rainfall reduction to disentangle the main drivers behind grassland responses to drought. Using a response-ratio approach we tested the hypothesis that water scarcity would induce a decrease in total biomass, but an increase in belowground biomass allocation with increased drought length and intensity, and that climate (as defined by the aridity index of the study location) would be an additional predictor. As expected, meteorological drought decreased root and shoot biomass, but aboveground and belowground biomass exhibited contrasting responses to drought duration and intensity, and their interaction with climate. In particular, drought duration had negative effects on root biomass only in wet climates while more intense drought had negative effects on root biomass only in dry climates. Shoot biomass responded negatively to drought duration regardless of climate. These results show that long-term climate is an important modulator of belowground vegetation responses to drought, which might be a consequence of different drought tolerance and adaptation strategies. This variability in vegetation responses to drought suggests that physiological plasticity and community composition shifts may mediate how climate affects carbon allocation in grasslands, and thus ultimately carbon storage in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guasconi
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Guasconi D, Juhanson J, Clemmensen KE, Cousins SAO, Hugelius G, Manzoni S, Roth N, Fransson P. Vegetation, topography and soil depth drive microbial community structure in two Swedish grasslands. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023:fiad080. [PMID: 37475696 PMCID: PMC10370287 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial diversity and community composition are shaped by various factors linked to land management, topographic position, and vegetation. To study the effects of these drivers, we characterized fungal and bacterial communities from bulk soil at four soil depths ranging from the surface to below the rooting zone of two Swedish grasslands with differing land-use history, each including both an upper and a lower catenary position. We hypothesized that differences in plant species richness and plant functional group composition between the four study sites would drive the variation in soil microbial community composition and correlate with microbial diversity, and that microbial biomass and diversity would decrease with soil depth following a decline in resource availability. While vegetation was identified as the main driver of microbial community composition, the explained variation was significantly higher for bacteria than for fungi, and the communities differed more between grasslands than between catenary positions. Microbial biomass derived from DNA abundance decreased with depth but diversity remained relatively stable, indicating diverse microbial communities even below the rooting zone. Finally, plant-microbial diversity correlations were significant only for specific plant and fungal functional groups, emphasizing the importance of functional interactions over general species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guasconi
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaanis Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karina E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Roth
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Fransson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Tao F, Huang Y, Hungate BA, Manzoni S, Frey SD, Schmidt MWI, Reichstein M, Carvalhais N, Ciais P, Jiang L, Lehmann J, Wang YP, Houlton BZ, Ahrens B, Mishra U, Hugelius G, Hocking TD, Lu X, Shi Z, Viatkin K, Vargas R, Yigini Y, Omuto C, Malik AA, Peralta G, Cuevas-Corona R, Di Paolo LE, Luotto I, Liao C, Liang YS, Saynes VS, Huang X, Luo Y. Microbial carbon use efficiency promotes global soil carbon storage. Nature 2023; 618:981-985. [PMID: 37225998 PMCID: PMC10307633 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soils store more carbon than other terrestrial ecosystems1,2. How soil organic carbon (SOC) forms and persists remains uncertain1,3, which makes it challenging to understand how it will respond to climatic change3,4. It has been suggested that soil microorganisms play an important role in SOC formation, preservation and loss5-7. Although microorganisms affect the accumulation and loss of soil organic matter through many pathways4,6,8-11, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is an integrative metric that can capture the balance of these processes12,13. Although CUE has the potential to act as a predictor of variation in SOC storage, the role of CUE in SOC persistence remains unresolved7,14,15. Here we examine the relationship between CUE and the preservation of SOC, and interactions with climate, vegetation and edaphic properties, using a combination of global-scale datasets, a microbial-process explicit model, data assimilation, deep learning and meta-analysis. We find that CUE is at least four times as important as other evaluated factors, such as carbon input, decomposition or vertical transport, in determining SOC storage and its spatial variation across the globe. In addition, CUE shows a positive correlation with SOC content. Our findings point to microbial CUE as a major determinant of global SOC storage. Understanding the microbial processes underlying CUE and their environmental dependence may help the prediction of SOC feedback to a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serita D Frey
- Center for Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lifen Jiang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Umakant Mishra
- Computational Biology and Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toby D Hocking
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Xingjie Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kostiantyn Viatkin
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Vargas
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Yusuf Yigini
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Omuto
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashish A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Guillermo Peralta
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Isabel Luotto
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Cuijuan Liao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Shuang Liang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Vinisa S Saynes
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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5
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Hambäck PA, Dawson L, Geranmayeh P, Jarsjö J, Kačergytė I, Peacock M, Collentine D, Destouni G, Futter M, Hugelius G, Hedman S, Jonsson S, Klatt BK, Lindström A, Nilsson JE, Pärt T, Schneider LD, Strand JA, Urrutia-Cordero P, Åhlén D, Åhlén I, Blicharska M. Tradeoffs and synergies in wetland multifunctionality: A scaling issue. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160746. [PMID: 36513236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wetland area in agricultural landscapes has been heavily reduced to gain land for crop production, but in recent years there is increased societal recognition of the negative consequences from wetland loss on nutrient retention, biodiversity and a range of other benefits to humans. The current trend is therefore to re-establish wetlands, often with an aim to achieve the simultaneous delivery of multiple ecosystem services, i.e., multifunctionality. Here we review the literature on key objectives used to motivate wetland re-establishment in temperate agricultural landscapes (provision of flow regulation, nutrient retention, climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation and cultural ecosystem services), and their relationships to environmental properties, in order to identify potential for tradeoffs and synergies concerning the development of multifunctional wetlands. Through this process, we find that there is a need for a change in scale from a focus on single wetlands to wetlandscapes (multiple neighboring wetlands including their catchments and surrounding landscape features) if multiple societal and environmental goals are to be achieved. Finally, we discuss the key factors to be considered when planning for re-establishment of wetlands that can support achievement of a wide range of objectives at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Hambäck
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - L Dawson
- School of Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden
| | - P Geranmayeh
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Jarsjö
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Kačergytė
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Peacock
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Dept of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - D Collentine
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Destouni
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Futter
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Hugelius
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hedman
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden
| | - S Jonsson
- Dept of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B K Klatt
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden; Dept of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Lindström
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J E Nilsson
- Dept of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden; Dept of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Pärt
- Dept of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L D Schneider
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden
| | - J A Strand
- The Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Eldsberga, Sweden
| | | | - D Åhlén
- Dept of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Åhlén
- Dept of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Blicharska
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Dept of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Fluet-Chouinard E, Stocker BD, Zhang Z, Malhotra A, Melton JR, Poulter B, Kaplan JO, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Minayeva T, Hugelius G, Joosten H, Barthelmes A, Prigent C, Aires F, Hoyt AM, Davidson N, Finlayson CM, Lehner B, Jackson RB, McIntyre PB. Extensive global wetland loss over the past three centuries. Nature 2023; 614:281-286. [PMID: 36755174 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands have long been drained for human use, thereby strongly affecting greenhouse gas fluxes, flood control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity1,2. Nevertheless, the global extent of natural wetland loss remains remarkably uncertain3. Here, we reconstruct the spatial distribution and timing of wetland loss through conversion to seven human land uses between 1700 and 2020, by combining national and subnational records of drainage and conversion with land-use maps and simulated wetland extents. We estimate that 3.4 million km2 (confidence interval 2.9-3.8) of inland wetlands have been lost since 1700, primarily for conversion to croplands. This net loss of 21% (confidence interval 16-23%) of global wetland area is lower than that suggested previously by extrapolations of data disproportionately from high-loss regions. Wetland loss has been concentrated in Europe, the United States and China, and rapidly expanded during the mid-twentieth century. Our reconstruction elucidates the timing and land-use drivers of global wetland losses, providing an improved historical baseline to guide assessment of wetland loss impact on Earth system processes, conservation planning to protect remaining wetlands and prioritization of sites for wetland restoration4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Fluet-Chouinard
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jed O Kaplan
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kees Klein Goldewijk
- Faculty of Geosciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Joosten
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peatland Studies and Paleoecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Barthelmes
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Peatland Studies and Paleoecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Catherine Prigent
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Filipe Aires
- Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Alison M Hoyt
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nick Davidson
- Nick Davidson Environmental, Queens House, Wigmore, UK.,Gulbali Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Max Finlayson
- Gulbali Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, New South Wales, Australia.,IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Lehner
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Anders Ahlström
- Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Department of Physical Geography Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Stanford Center on Longevity Stanford California USA
| | - Amilcare Porporato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Anu Ramaswami
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Joyashree Roy
- EECC/SERD, Asian Institute of Technology Thailand
- Department of Economics Jadavpur University Kolkata India
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
- Department of Hydrometeorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
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8
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Zhang (张臻) Z, Poulter B, Knox S, Stavert A, McNicol G, Fluet-Chouinard E, Feinberg A, Zhao (赵园红) Y, Bousquet P, Canadell JG, Ganesan A, Hugelius G, Hurtt G, Jackson RB, Patra PK, Saunois M, Höglund-Isaksson L, Huang (黄春林) C, Chatterjee A, Li (李新) X. Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993–2017. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab200. [PMID: 35547958 PMCID: PMC9084358 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH4 growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH4 either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH4 source estimates and isotopic δ13C-CH4 source signature data to show that the resumption of CH4 growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions. Our emission scenarios that have the fewest biases with respect to isotopic composition suggest that the agriculture, landfill and waste sectors were responsible for 53 ± 13% of the renewed growth over the period 2007–2017 compared to 2000–2006; industrial fossil fuel sources explained an additional 34 ± 24%, and wetland sources contributed the least at 13 ± 9%. The hypothesis that a large increase in emissions from natural wetlands drove the decrease in atmospheric δ13C-CH4 values cannot be reconciled with current process-based wetland CH4 models. This finding suggests the need for increased wetland measurements to better understand the contemporary and future role of wetlands in the rise of atmospheric methane and climate feedback. Our findings highlight the predominant role of anthropogenic activities in driving the growth of atmospheric CH4 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang (张臻)
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ann Stavert
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | | | - Aryeh Feinberg
- Institute for Data, Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuanhong Zhao (赵园红)
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Philippe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environment, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anita Ganesan
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RL, UK
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - George Hurtt
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prabir K Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environment, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Lena Höglund-Isaksson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
| | - Chunlin Huang (黄春林)
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Xin Li (李新)
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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9
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Tarbier B, Hugelius G, Kristina Sannel AB, Baptista-Salazar C, Jonsson S. Permafrost Thaw Increases Methylmercury Formation in Subarctic Fennoscandia. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:6710-6717. [PMID: 33902281 PMCID: PMC8277125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) forms in anoxic environments and can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in aquatic food webs to concentrations of concern for human and wildlife health. Mercury (Hg) pollution in the Arctic environment may worsen as these areas warm and Hg, currently locked in permafrost soils, is remobilized. One of the main concerns is the development of Hg methylation hotspots in the terrestrial environment due to thermokarst formation. The extent to which net methylation of Hg is enhanced upon thaw is, however, largely unknown. Here, we have studied the formation of Hg methylation hotspots using existing thaw gradients at five Fennoscandian permafrost peatland sites. Total Hg (HgT) and MeHg concentrations were analyzed in 178 soil samples from 14 peat cores. We observed 10 times higher concentrations of MeHg and 13 times higher %MeHg in the collapse fen (representing thawed conditions) as compared to the peat plateau (representing frozen conditions). This suggests significantly greater net methylation of Hg when thermokarst wetlands are formed. In addition, we report HgT to soil organic carbon ratios representative of Fennoscandian permafrost peatlands (median and interquartile range of 0.09 ± 0.07 μg HgT g-1 C) that are of value for future estimates of circumpolar HgT stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Tarbier
- Department
of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department
of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Anna Britta Kristina Sannel
- Department
of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | | | - Sofi Jonsson
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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10
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Varsadiya M, Urich T, Hugelius G, Bárta J. Microbiome structure and functional potential in permafrost soils of the Western Canadian Arctic. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6102547. [PMID: 33452882 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial amounts of topsoil organic matter (OM) in Arctic Cryosols have been translocated by the process of cryoturbation into deeper soil horizons (cryoOM), reducing its decomposition. Recent Arctic warming deepens the Cryosols´ active layer, making more topsoil and cryoOM carbon accessible for microbial transformation. To quantify bacteria, archaea and selected microbial groups (methanogens - mcrA gene and diazotrophs - nifH gene) and to investigate bacterial and archaeal diversity, we collected 83 soil samples from four different soil horizons of three distinct tundra types located in Qikiqtaruk (Hershel Island, Western Canada). In general, the abundance of bacteria and diazotrophs decreased from topsoil to permafrost, but not for cryoOM. No such difference was observed for archaea and methanogens. CryoOM was enriched with oligotrophic (slow-growing microorganism) taxa capable of recalcitrant OM degradation. We found distinct microbial patterns in each tundra type: topsoil from wet-polygonal tundra had the lowest abundance of bacteria and diazotrophs, but the highest abundance of methanogens. Wet-polygonal tundra, therefore, represented a hotspot for methanogenesis. Oligotrophic and copiotrophic (fast-growing microorganism) genera of methanogens and diazotrophs were distinctly distributed in topsoil and cryoOM, resulting in different rates of nitrogen flux into these horizons affecting OM vulnerability and potential CO2 and CH4 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Varsadiya
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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11
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Mishra U, Hugelius G, Shelef E, Yang Y, Strauss J, Lupachev A, Harden JW, Jastrow JD, Ping CL, Riley WJ, Schuur EAG, Matamala R, Siewert M, Nave LE, Koven CD, Fuchs M, Palmtag J, Kuhry P, Treat CC, Zubrzycki S, Hoffman FM, Elberling B, Camill P, Veremeeva A, Orr A. Spatial heterogeneity and environmental predictors of permafrost region soil organic carbon stocks. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/9/eaaz5236. [PMID: 33627437 PMCID: PMC7904252 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost region, but their current amounts and future fate remain uncertain. By analyzing dataset combining >2700 soil profiles with environmental variables in a geospatial framework, we generated spatially explicit estimates of permafrost-region SOC stocks, quantified spatial heterogeneity, and identified key environmental predictors. We estimated that Pg C are stored in the top 3 m of permafrost region soils. The greatest uncertainties occurred in circumpolar toe-slope positions and in flat areas of the Tibetan region. We found that soil wetness index and elevation are the dominant topographic controllers and surface air temperature (circumpolar region) and precipitation (Tibetan region) are significant climatic controllers of SOC stocks. Our results provide first high-resolution geospatial assessment of permafrost region SOC stocks and their relationships with environmental factors, which are crucial for modeling the response of permafrost affected soils to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umakant Mishra
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, USA.
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eitan Shelef
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Jens Strauss
- Permafrost Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexey Lupachev
- Institute of Physico-Chemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschchino, Russia
| | - Jennifer W Harden
- School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, P.O. Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Julie D Jastrow
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Lu Ping
- Palmer Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer, AK, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Roser Matamala
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Matthias Siewert
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umea University, Sweden
| | - Lucas E Nave
- Biological Station, University of Michigan, Pellston, MI, USA
| | - Charles D Koven
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Permafrost Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juri Palmtag
- Department of Geography and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Kuhry
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire C Treat
- Permafrost Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zubrzycki
- Institute of Soil Science, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Forrest M Hoffman
- Climate Change Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, 325 John D. Tickle Building, 851 Neyland Drive, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bo Elberling
- CENPERM (Center for Permafrost), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Camill
- Earth and Oceanographic Science Department and Environmental Studies Program, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | - Alexandra Veremeeva
- Institute of Physico-Chemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschchino, Russia
| | - Andrew Orr
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, USA
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12
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Varney RM, Chadburn SE, Friedlingstein P, Burke EJ, Koven CD, Hugelius G, Cox PM. A spatial emergent constraint on the sensitivity of soil carbon turnover to global warming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5544. [PMID: 33139706 PMCID: PMC7608627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon cycle feedbacks represent large uncertainties in climate change projections, and the response of soil carbon to climate change contributes the greatest uncertainty to this. Future changes in soil carbon depend on changes in litter and root inputs from plants and especially on reductions in the turnover time of soil carbon (τs) with warming. An approximation to the latter term for the top one metre of soil (ΔCs,τ) can be diagnosed from projections made with the CMIP6 and CMIP5 Earth System Models (ESMs), and is found to span a large range even at 2 °C of global warming (-196 ± 117 PgC). Here, we present a constraint on ΔCs,τ, which makes use of current heterotrophic respiration and the spatial variability of τs inferred from observations. This spatial emergent constraint allows us to halve the uncertainty in ΔCs,τ at 2 °C to -232 ± 52 PgC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Varney
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - Sarah E Chadburn
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.,LMD/IPSL, ENS, PSL Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Charles D Koven
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre of Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Peter M Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
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13
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Tao F, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Li Q, Lu X, Ma S, Huang X, Liang Y, Hugelius G, Jiang L, Doughty R, Ren Z, Luo Y. Deep Learning Optimizes Data-Driven Representation of Soil Organic Carbon in Earth System Model Over the Conterminous United States. Front Big Data 2020; 3:17. [PMID: 33693391 PMCID: PMC7931903 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of the global carbon cycle, yet it is not well-represented in Earth system models to accurately predict global carbon dynamics in response to climate change. This novel study integrated deep learning, data assimilation, 25,444 vertical soil profiles, and the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) to optimize the model representation of SOC over the conterminous United States. We firstly constrained parameters in CLM5 using observations of vertical profiles of SOC in both a batch mode (using all individual soil layers in one batch) and at individual sites (site-by-site). The estimated parameter values from the site-by-site data assimilation were then either randomly sampled (random-sampling) to generate continentally homogeneous (constant) parameter values or maximally preserved for their spatially heterogeneous distributions (varying parameter values to match the spatial patterns from the site-by-site data assimilation) so as to optimize spatial representation of SOC in CLM5 through a deep learning technique (neural networking) over the conterminous United States. Comparing modeled spatial distributions of SOC by CLM5 to observations yielded increasing predictive accuracy from default CLM5 settings (R 2 = 0.32) to randomly sampled (0.36), one-batch estimated (0.43), and deep learning optimized (0.62) parameter values. While CLM5 with parameter values derived from random-sampling and one-batch methods substantially corrected the overestimated SOC storage by that with default model parameters, there were still considerable geographical biases. CLM5 with the spatially heterogeneous parameter values optimized from the neural networking method had the least estimation error and less geographical biases across the conterminous United States. Our study indicated that deep learning in combination with data assimilation can significantly improve the representation of SOC by complex land biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Le Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL-LSCECEA/CNRS/UVSQ Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Qianyu Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingjie Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Yishuang Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Russell Doughty
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Zhehao Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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14
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Zhu D, Ciais P, Krinner G, Maignan F, Jornet Puig A, Hugelius G. Controls of soil organic matter on soil thermal dynamics in the northern high latitudes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3172. [PMID: 31320647 PMCID: PMC6639258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Permafrost warming and potential soil carbon (SOC) release after thawing may amplify climate change, yet model estimates of present-day and future permafrost extent vary widely, partly due to uncertainties in simulated soil temperature. Here, we derive thermal diffusivity, a key parameter in the soil thermal regime, from depth-specific measurements of monthly soil temperature at about 200 sites in the high latitude regions. We find that, among the tested soil properties including SOC, soil texture, bulk density, and soil moisture, SOC is the dominant factor controlling the variability of diffusivity among sites. Analysis of the CMIP5 model outputs reveals that the parameterization of thermal diffusivity drives the differences in simulated present-day permafrost extent among these models. The strong SOC-thermics coupling is crucial for projecting future permafrost dynamics, since the response of soil temperature and permafrost area to a rising air temperature would be impacted by potential changes in SOC. Soils in the northern permafrost region contain large quantities of organic carbon, formed over long time scales under cold climates. Here the authors test a number of soil properties and show that soil organic carbon is the dominant factor controlling thermal diffusivity among 200 sites in high latitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, 91191, France.
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Gerhard Krinner
- CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Albert Jornet Puig
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
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15
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Wu Z, Hugelius G, Luo Y, Smith B, Xia J, Fensholt R, Lehsten V, Ahlström A. Approaching the potential of model-data comparisons of global land carbon storage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3367. [PMID: 30833586 PMCID: PMC6399261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon storage dynamics in vegetation and soil are determined by the balance of carbon influx and turnover. Estimates of these opposing fluxes differ markedly among different empirical datasets and models leading to uncertainty and divergent trends. To trace the origin of such discrepancies through time and across major biomes and climatic regions, we used a model-data fusion framework. The framework emulates carbon cycling and its component processes in a global dynamic ecosystem model, LPJ-GUESS, and preserves the model-simulated pools and fluxes in space and time. Thus, it allows us to replace simulated carbon influx and turnover with estimates derived from empirical data, bringing together the strength of the model in representing processes, with the richness of observational data informing the estimations. The resulting vegetation and soil carbon storage and global land carbon fluxes were compared to independent empirical datasets. Results show model-data agreement comparable to, or even better than, the agreement between independent empirical datasets. This suggests that only marginal improvement in land carbon cycle simulations can be gained from comparisons of models with current-generation datasets on vegetation and soil carbon. Consequently, we recommend that model skill should be assessed relative to reference data uncertainty in future model evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Wu
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, 10691 Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss) and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Institude of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veiko Lehsten
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape research (WSL), Zürcherstr, 11 CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Anders Ahlström
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Earth System Science, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Box 201, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Treat CC, Marushchak ME, Voigt C, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Zhuang Q, Virtanen TA, Räsänen A, Biasi C, Hugelius G, Kaverin D, Miller PA, Stendel M, Romanovsky V, Rivkin F, Martikainen PJ, Shurpali NJ. Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:5188-5204. [PMID: 30101501 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km2 sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006-2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from -300 g C m-2 year-1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m-2 year-1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from -0.2 to 22.3 g C m-2 year-1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%-25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%-65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Treat
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija E Marushchak
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carolina Voigt
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu Zhang
- Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Zeli Tan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tarmo A Virtanen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Räsänen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christina Biasi
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre of Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Paul A Miller
- Department of Earth and Ecosystem Science, Geobiosphere Centre, Geocentrum II, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stendel
- Department for Arctic and Climate, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Romanovsky
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska
- Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Science Centre, SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Felix Rivkin
- Department of Geocryological Mapping, GIS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pertti J Martikainen
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Narasinha J Shurpali
- Biogeochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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17
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Čapek P, Manzoni S, Kaštovská E, Wild B, Diáková K, Bárta J, Schnecker J, Biasi C, Martikainen PJ, Alves RJE, Guggenberger G, Gentsch N, Hugelius G, Palmtag J, Mikutta R, Shibistova O, Urich T, Schleper C, Richter A, Šantrůčková H. A plant–microbe interaction framework explaining nutrient effects on primary production. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1588-1596. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Harden JW, Hugelius G, Ahlström A, Blankinship JC, Bond-Lamberty B, Lawrence CR, Loisel J, Malhotra A, Jackson RB, Ogle S, Phillips C, Ryals R, Todd-Brown K, Vargas R, Vergara SE, Cotrufo MF, Keiluweit M, Heckman KA, Crow SE, Silver WL, DeLonge M, Nave LE. Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e705-e718. [PMID: 28981192 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) supports the Earth's ability to sustain terrestrial ecosystems, provide food and fiber, and retains the largest pool of actively cycling carbon. Over 75% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) in the top meter of soil is directly affected by human land use. Large land areas have lost SOC as a result of land use practices, yet there are compensatory opportunities to enhance productivity and SOC storage in degraded lands through improved management practices. Large areas with and without intentional management are also being subjected to rapid changes in climate, making many SOC stocks vulnerable to losses by decomposition or disturbance. In order to quantify potential SOC losses or sequestration at field, regional, and global scales, measurements for detecting changes in SOC are needed. Such measurements and soil-management best practices should be based on well established and emerging scientific understanding of processes of C stabilization and destabilization over various timescales, soil types, and spatial scales. As newly engaged members of the International Soil Carbon Network, we have identified gaps in data, modeling, and communication that underscore the need for an open, shared network to frame and guide the study of SOM and SOC and their management for sustained production and climate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Harden
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ahlström
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joseph C Blankinship
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Julie Loisel
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Ogle
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Claire Phillips
- USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca Ryals
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sintana E Vergara
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Francesca Cotrufo
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Susan E Crow
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marcia DeLonge
- Food and Environment Program, Union of Concerned Scientists, DC, USA
| | - Lucas E Nave
- Biological Station and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Pellston, MI, USA
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19
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Jackson RB, Lajtha K, Crow SE, Hugelius G, Kramer MG, Piñeiro G. The Ecology of Soil Carbon: Pools, Vulnerabilities, and Biotic and Abiotic Controls. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Kate Lajtha
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Susan E. Crow
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Marc G. Kramer
- School of the Environment, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, Washington 98686
| | - Gervasio Piñeiro
- IFEVA/CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
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20
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Olefeldt D, Goswami S, Grosse G, Hayes D, Hugelius G, Kuhry P, McGuire AD, Romanovsky VE, Sannel A, Schuur E, Turetsky MR. Circumpolar distribution and carbon storage of thermokarst landscapes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13043. [PMID: 27725633 PMCID: PMC5062615 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermokarst is the process whereby the thawing of ice-rich permafrost ground causes land subsidence, resulting in development of distinctive landforms. Accelerated thermokarst due to climate change will damage infrastructure, but also impact hydrology, ecology and biogeochemistry. Here, we present a circumpolar assessment of the distribution of thermokarst landscapes, defined as landscapes comprised of current thermokarst landforms and areas susceptible to future thermokarst development. At 3.6 × 106 km2, thermokarst landscapes are estimated to cover ∼20% of the northern permafrost region, with approximately equal contributions from three landscape types where characteristic wetland, lake and hillslope thermokarst landforms occur. We estimate that approximately half of the below-ground organic carbon within the study region is stored in thermokarst landscapes. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering thermokarst when assessing impacts of climate change, including future landscape greenhouse gas emissions, and provide a means for assessing such impacts at the circumpolar scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - S. Goswami
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - G. Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam 14473, Germany
| | - D. Hayes
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04473, USA
| | - G. Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - P. Kuhry
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - A. D. McGuire
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA
| | - V. E. Romanovsky
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA
- Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Tyumen, Tyument. Oblast 625000, Russia
| | - A.B.K. Sannel
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - E.A.G. Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
| | - M. R. Turetsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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21
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Wild B, Gentsch N, Čapek P, Diáková K, Alves RJE, Bárta J, Gittel A, Hugelius G, Knoltsch A, Kuhry P, Lashchinskiy N, Mikutta R, Palmtag J, Schleper C, Schnecker J, Shibistova O, Takriti M, Torsvik VL, Urich T, Watzka M, Šantrůčková H, Guggenberger G, Richter A. Plant-derived compounds stimulate the decomposition of organic matter in arctic permafrost soils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25607. [PMID: 27157964 PMCID: PMC4860603 DOI: 10.1038/srep25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic ecosystems are warming rapidly, which is expected to promote soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. In addition to the direct warming effect, decomposition can also be indirectly stimulated via increased plant productivity and plant-soil C allocation, and this so called “priming effect” might significantly alter the ecosystem C balance. In this study, we provide first mechanistic insights into the susceptibility of SOM decomposition in arctic permafrost soils to priming. By comparing 119 soils from four locations across the Siberian Arctic that cover all horizons of active layer and upper permafrost, we found that an increased availability of plant-derived organic C particularly stimulated decomposition in subsoil horizons where most of the arctic soil carbon is located. Considering the 1,035 Pg of arctic soil carbon, such an additional stimulation of decomposition beyond the direct temperature effect can accelerate net ecosystem C losses, and amplify the positive feedback to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petr Čapek
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Diáková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo J Eloy Alves
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiři Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Antje Gittel
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Knoltsch
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kuhry
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juri Palmtag
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa Schleper
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Olga Shibistova
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mounir Takriti
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vigdis L Torsvik
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Urich
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Koven CD, Schuur EAG, Schädel C, Bohn TJ, Burke EJ, Chen G, Chen X, Ciais P, Grosse G, Harden JW, Hayes DJ, Hugelius G, Jafarov EE, Krinner G, Kuhry P, Lawrence DM, MacDougall AH, Marchenko SS, McGuire AD, Natali SM, Nicolsky DJ, Olefeldt D, Peng S, Romanovsky VE, Schaefer KM, Strauss J, Treat CC, Turetsky M. A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon-climate feedback. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2015; 373:20140423. [PMID: 26438276 PMCID: PMC4608038 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to estimate the feedback from large-scale thawing of permafrost soils using a simplified, data-constrained model that combines three elements: soil carbon (C) maps and profiles to identify the distribution and type of C in permafrost soils; incubation experiments to quantify the rates of C lost after thaw; and models of soil thermal dynamics in response to climate warming. We call the approach the Permafrost Carbon Network Incubation-Panarctic Thermal scaling approach (PInc-PanTher). The approach assumes that C stocks do not decompose at all when frozen, but once thawed follow set decomposition trajectories as a function of soil temperature. The trajectories are determined according to a three-pool decomposition model fitted to incubation data using parameters specific to soil horizon types. We calculate litterfall C inputs required to maintain steady-state C balance for the current climate, and hold those inputs constant. Soil temperatures are taken from the soil thermal modules of ecosystem model simulations forced by a common set of future climate change anomalies under two warming scenarios over the period 2010 to 2100. Under a medium warming scenario (RCP4.5), the approach projects permafrost soil C losses of 12.2-33.4 Pg C; under a high warming scenario (RCP8.5), the approach projects C losses of 27.9-112.6 Pg C. Projected C losses are roughly linearly proportional to global temperature changes across the two scenarios. These results indicate a global sensitivity of frozen soil C to climate change (γ sensitivity) of -14 to -19 Pg C °C(-1) on a 100 year time scale. For CH4 emissions, our approach assumes a fixed saturated area and that increases in CH4 emissions are related to increased heterotrophic respiration in anoxic soil, yielding CH4 emission increases of 7% and 35% for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, which add an additional greenhouse gas forcing of approximately 10-18%. The simplified approach presented here neglects many important processes that may amplify or mitigate C release from permafrost soils, but serves as a data-constrained estimate on the forced, large-scale permafrost C response to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Koven
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - C Schädel
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - T J Bohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - E J Burke
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
| | - G Chen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - X Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J W Harden
- United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D J Hayes
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - G Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre of Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E E Jafarov
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G Krinner
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38041, France
| | - P Kuhry
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre of Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D M Lawrence
- Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A H MacDougall
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S S Marchenko
- Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - A D McGuire
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - S M Natali
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
| | - D J Nicolsky
- Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - D Olefeldt
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Peng
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Gif-sur-Yvette, France Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38041, France
| | - V E Romanovsky
- Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - K M Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Strauss
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Periglacial Research Unit, Potsdam, Germany
| | - C C Treat
- United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Turetsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Ontario, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Hugelius G, Routh J, Kuhry P, Crill P. Mapping the degree of decomposition and thaw remobilization potential of soil organic matter in discontinuous permafrost terrain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Hugelius G, Virtanen T, Kaverin D, Pastukhov A, Rivkin F, Marchenko S, Romanovsky V, Kuhry P. High-resolution mapping of ecosystem carbon storage and potential effects of permafrost thaw in periglacial terrain, European Russian Arctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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