1
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Fedorov N, Kutueva A, Muldashev A, Verkhozina A, Lashchinskiy N, Martynenko V. Analysis of the Potential Range of Anticlea sibirica L. (Kunth) and Its Changes under Moderate Climate Change in the 21st Century. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3270. [PMID: 36501310 PMCID: PMC9738958 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study shows the analysis of the current potential range and the modeling of its changes in the hemiboreal species Anticlea sibirica. The models show the habitat suitability for A. sibirica under moderate climatic changes (RCP4.5) in the middle and second half of the 21st century. For modeling, we used MaxEnt software with the predictors being climate variables from CHELSA Bioclim and a digital elevation model. The modeling has shown that climate change can be favorable for the spread of A. sibirica to the northeastern part of its range by expanding highly suitable habitats in mountainous landscapes along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. In the rest of the range, the total area of suitable habitats will decrease. In areas with extremely deteriorating growing conditions, the species will persist in low-competition habitats such as rocky outcrops, riverbanks, and screes. The predicted change in the distribution of A. sibirica indicates a possible strong transformation of the vegetation cover in Siberia and the Urals, even under moderate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Fedorov
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Aliya Kutueva
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Albert Muldashev
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alla Verkhozina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | | | - Vasiliy Martynenko
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, Ufa 450054, Russia
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2
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Marushchak ME, Kerttula J, Diáková K, Faguet A, Gil J, Grosse G, Knoblauch C, Lashchinskiy N, Martikainen PJ, Morgenstern A, Nykamb M, Ronkainen JG, Siljanen HMP, van Delden L, Voigt C, Zimov N, Zimov S, Biasi C. Thawing Yedoma permafrost is a neglected nitrous oxide source. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7107. [PMID: 34876586 PMCID: PMC8651752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the well-recognized permafrost carbon (C) feedback to climate change, the fate of permafrost nitrogen (N) after thaw is poorly understood. According to mounting evidence, part of the N liberated from permafrost may be released to the atmosphere as the strong greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O). Here, we report post-thaw N2O release from late Pleistocene permafrost deposits called Yedoma, which store a substantial part of permafrost C and N and are highly vulnerable to thaw. While freshly thawed, unvegetated Yedoma in disturbed areas emit little N2O, emissions increase within few years after stabilization, drying and revegetation with grasses to high rates (548 (133–6286) μg N m−2 day−1; median with (range)), exceeding by 1–2 orders of magnitude the typical rates from permafrost-affected soils. Using targeted metagenomics of key N cycling genes, we link the increase in in situ N2O emissions with structural changes of the microbial community responsible for N cycling. Our results highlight the importance of extra N availability from thawing Yedoma permafrost, causing a positive climate feedback from the Arctic in the form of N2O emissions. During permafrost thaw, nitrogen can be released as the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, but the magnitude of this flux is unknown. Nitrous oxide emissions from ice-rich permafrost deposits are reported here, showing that emissions increase after thawing and stabilization and could represent an unappreciated positive climate feedback in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Marushchak
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - J Kerttula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Diáková
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Soil Biogeochemistry, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Faguet
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Gil
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Integrative Biology, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Grosse
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Knoblauch
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Lashchinskiy
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P J Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Morgenstern
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Nykamb
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J G Ronkainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H M P Siljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L van Delden
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - C Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Geography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Zimov
- North-East Scientific Station, Pacific Institute for Geography, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Cherskii, Russia
| | - S Zimov
- North-East Scientific Station, Pacific Institute for Geography, Far-East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Cherskii, Russia
| | - C Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Lashchinskiy N. Spatial vegetation distribution and zonal vegetation type on islands in southern part of the Lena Delta (Eastern Siberia). BIO Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research spatial distribution of the different vegetation types on Lena Delta islands described in connection with their relief, time of formation and geological substrates. It was shown that zonal vegetation can be find only on third river terrace on gentle slopes. Because of continuous permafrost predominant vegetation is presented by hydro serial communities united into successional cycles. Zonal vegetation types occupy not more than 1-2% of the whole area.
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4
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Gentsch N, Wild B, Mikutta R, Čapek P, Diáková K, Schrumpf M, Turner S, Minnich C, Schaarschmidt F, Shibistova O, Schnecker J, Urich T, Gittel A, Šantrůčková H, Bárta J, Lashchinskiy N, Fuß R, Richter A, Guggenberger G. Temperature response of permafrost soil carbon is attenuated by mineral protection. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3401-3415. [PMID: 29774972 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change in Arctic ecosystems fosters permafrost thaw and makes massive amounts of ancient soil organic carbon (OC) available to microbial breakdown. However, fractions of the organic matter (OM) may be protected from rapid decomposition by their association with minerals. Little is known about the effects of mineral-organic associations (MOA) on the microbial accessibility of OM in permafrost soils and it is not clear which factors control its temperature sensitivity. In order to investigate if and how permafrost soil OC turnover is affected by mineral controls, the heavy fraction (HF) representing mostly MOA was obtained by density fractionation from 27 permafrost soil profiles of the Siberian Arctic. In parallel laboratory incubations, the unfractionated soils (bulk) and their HF were comparatively incubated for 175 days at 5 and 15°C. The HF was equivalent to 70 ± 9% of the bulk CO2 respiration as compared to a share of 63 ± 1% of bulk OC that was stored in the HF. Significant reduction of OC mineralization was found in all treatments with increasing OC content of the HF (HF-OC), clay-size minerals and Fe or Al oxyhydroxides. Temperature sensitivity (Q10) decreased with increasing soil depth from 2.4 to 1.4 in the bulk soil and from 2.9 to 1.5 in the HF. A concurrent increase in the metal-to-HF-OC ratios with soil depth suggests a stronger bonding of OM to minerals in the subsoil. There, the younger 14 C signature in CO2 than that of the OC indicates a preferential decomposition of the more recent OM and the existence of a MOA fraction with limited access of OM to decomposers. These results indicate strong mineral controls on the decomposability of OM after permafrost thaw and on its temperature sensitivity. Thus, we here provide evidence that OM temperature sensitivity can be attenuated by MOA in permafrost soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Gentsch
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petr Čapek
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budéjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Katka Diáková
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budéjovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Stephanie Turner
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Cynthia Minnich
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Olga Shibistova
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Tim Urich
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antje Gittel
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Bioscience, Centre for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budéjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Bárta
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budéjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roland Fuß
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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5
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Wild B, Gentsch N, Čapek P, Diáková K, Alves RJE, Bárta J, Gittel A, Hugelius G, Knoltsch A, Kuhry P, Lashchinskiy N, Mikutta R, Palmtag J, Schleper C, Schnecker J, Shibistova O, Takriti M, Torsvik VL, Urich T, Watzka M, Šantrůčková H, Guggenberger G, Richter A. Plant-derived compounds stimulate the decomposition of organic matter in arctic permafrost soils. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25607. [PMID: 27157964 PMCID: PMC4860603 DOI: 10.1038/srep25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic ecosystems are warming rapidly, which is expected to promote soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. In addition to the direct warming effect, decomposition can also be indirectly stimulated via increased plant productivity and plant-soil C allocation, and this so called “priming effect” might significantly alter the ecosystem C balance. In this study, we provide first mechanistic insights into the susceptibility of SOM decomposition in arctic permafrost soils to priming. By comparing 119 soils from four locations across the Siberian Arctic that cover all horizons of active layer and upper permafrost, we found that an increased availability of plant-derived organic C particularly stimulated decomposition in subsoil horizons where most of the arctic soil carbon is located. Considering the 1,035 Pg of arctic soil carbon, such an additional stimulation of decomposition beyond the direct temperature effect can accelerate net ecosystem C losses, and amplify the positive feedback to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petr Čapek
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Diáková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo J Eloy Alves
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiři Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Antje Gittel
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Knoltsch
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kuhry
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Juri Palmtag
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa Schleper
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Olga Shibistova
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mounir Takriti
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vigdis L Torsvik
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tim Urich
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Wild B, Schnecker J, Knoltsch A, Takriti M, Mooshammer M, Gentsch N, Mikutta R, Alves RJE, Gittel A, Lashchinskiy N, Richter A. Microbial nitrogen dynamics in organic and mineral soil horizons along a latitudinal transect in western Siberia. Global Biogeochem Cycles 2015; 29:567-582. [PMID: 26693204 PMCID: PMC4676305 DOI: 10.1002/2015gb005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil N availability is constrained by the breakdown of N-containing polymers such as proteins to oligopeptides and amino acids that can be taken up by plants and microorganisms. Excess N is released from microbial cells as ammonium (N mineralization), which in turn can serve as substrate for nitrification. According to stoichiometric theory, N mineralization and nitrification are expected to increase in relation to protein depolymerization with decreasing N limitation, and thus from higher to lower latitudes and from topsoils to subsoils. To test these hypotheses, we compared gross rates of protein depolymerization, N mineralization and nitrification (determined using 15N pool dilution assays) in organic topsoil, mineral topsoil, and mineral subsoil of seven ecosystems along a latitudinal transect in western Siberia, from tundra (67°N) to steppe (54°N). The investigated ecosystems differed strongly in N transformation rates, with highest protein depolymerization and N mineralization rates in middle and southern taiga. All N transformation rates decreased with soil depth following the decrease in organic matter content. Related to protein depolymerization, N mineralization and nitrification were significantly higher in mineral than in organic horizons, supporting a decrease in microbial N limitation with depth. In contrast, we did not find indications for a decrease in microbial N limitation from arctic to temperate ecosystems along the transect. Our findings thus challenge the perception of ubiquitous N limitation at high latitudes, but suggest a transition from N to C limitation of microorganisms with soil depth, even in high-latitude systems such as tundra and boreal forest. KEY POINTS We compared soil N dynamics of seven ecosystems along a latitudinal transectShifts in N dynamics suggest a decrease in microbial N limitation with depthWe found no decrease in microbial N limitation from arctic to temperate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Austrian Polar Research Institute Vienna, Austria ; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Austrian Polar Research Institute Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Knoltsch
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Austrian Polar Research Institute Vienna, Austria
| | - Mounir Takriti
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Austrian Polar Research Institute Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover, Germany
| | - Ricardo J Eloy Alves
- Austrian Polar Research Institute Vienna, Austria ; Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Antje Gittel
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Department of Bioscience, Center for Geomicrobiology Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Austrian Polar Research Institute Vienna, Austria
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7
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Schnecker J, Wild B, Takriti M, Eloy Alves RJ, Gentsch N, Gittel A, Hofer A, Klaus K, Knoltsch A, Lashchinskiy N, Mikutta R, Richter A. Microbial community composition shapes enzyme patterns in topsoil and subsoil horizons along a latitudinal transect in Western Siberia. Soil Biol Biochem 2015; 83:106-115. [PMID: 25859057 PMCID: PMC4381299 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil horizons below 30 cm depth contain about 60% of the organic carbon stored in soils. Although insight into the physical and chemical stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) and into microbial community composition in these horizons is being gained, information on microbial functions of subsoil microbial communities and on associated microbially-mediated processes remains sparse. To identify possible controls on enzyme patterns, we correlated enzyme patterns with biotic and abiotic soil parameters, as well as with microbial community composition, estimated using phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Enzyme patterns (i.e. distance-matrixes calculated from these enzyme activities) were calculated from the activities of six extracellular enzymes (cellobiohydrolase, leucine-amino-peptidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, chitotriosidase, phosphatase and phenoloxidase), which had been measured in soil samples from organic topsoil horizons, mineral topsoil horizons, and mineral subsoil horizons from seven ecosystems along a 1500 km latitudinal transect in Western Siberia. We found that hydrolytic enzyme activities decreased rapidly with depth, whereas oxidative enzyme activities in mineral horizons were as high as, or higher than in organic topsoil horizons. Enzyme patterns varied more strongly between ecosystems in mineral subsoil horizons than in organic topsoils. The enzyme patterns in topsoil horizons were correlated with SOM content (i.e., C and N content) and microbial community composition. In contrast, the enzyme patterns in mineral subsoil horizons were related to water content, soil pH and microbial community composition. The lack of correlation between enzyme patterns and SOM quantity in the mineral subsoils suggests that SOM chemistry, spatial separation or physical stabilization of SOM rather than SOM content might determine substrate availability for enzymatic breakdown. The correlation of microbial community composition and enzyme patterns in all horizons, suggests that microbial community composition shapes enzyme patterns and might act as a modifier for the usual dependency of decomposition rates on SOM content or C/N ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria. Tel.: +43 1 4277 76668; fax: +43 1 4277 876661.
| | - Birgit Wild
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mounir Takriti
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo J. Eloy Alves
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Gittel
- Aarhus University, Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus, Denmark
- University of Bergen, Centre for Geobiology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Angelika Hofer
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Klaus
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Knoltsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Wild B, Schnecker J, Alves RJE, Barsukov P, Bárta J, Čapek P, Gentsch N, Gittel A, Guggenberger G, Lashchinskiy N, Mikutta R, Rusalimova O, Šantrůčková H, Shibistova O, Urich T, Watzka M, Zrazhevskaya G, Richter A. Input of easily available organic C and N stimulates microbial decomposition of soil organic matter in arctic permafrost soil. Soil Biol Biochem 2014; 75:143-151. [PMID: 25089062 PMCID: PMC4064687 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures in the Arctic can affect soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition directly and indirectly, by increasing plant primary production and thus the allocation of plant-derived organic compounds into the soil. Such compounds, for example root exudates or decaying fine roots, are easily available for microorganisms, and can alter the decomposition of older SOM ("priming effect"). We here report on a SOM priming experiment in the active layer of a permafrost soil from the central Siberian Arctic, comparing responses of organic topsoil, mineral subsoil, and cryoturbated subsoil material (i.e., poorly decomposed topsoil material subducted into the subsoil by freeze-thaw processes) to additions of 13C-labeled glucose, cellulose, a mixture of amino acids, and protein (added at levels corresponding to approximately 1% of soil organic carbon). SOM decomposition in the topsoil was barely affected by higher availability of organic compounds, whereas SOM decomposition in both subsoil horizons responded strongly. In the mineral subsoil, SOM decomposition increased by a factor of two to three after any substrate addition (glucose, cellulose, amino acids, protein), suggesting that the microbial decomposer community was limited in energy to break down more complex components of SOM. In the cryoturbated horizon, SOM decomposition increased by a factor of two after addition of amino acids or protein, but was not significantly affected by glucose or cellulose, indicating nitrogen rather than energy limitation. Since the stimulation of SOM decomposition in cryoturbated material was not connected to microbial growth or to a change in microbial community composition, the additional nitrogen was likely invested in the production of extracellular enzymes required for SOM decomposition. Our findings provide a first mechanistic understanding of priming in permafrost soils and suggest that an increase in the availability of organic carbon or nitrogen, e.g., by increased plant productivity, can change the decomposition of SOM stored in deeper layers of permafrost soils, with possible repercussions on the global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wild
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 1 4277 76666.
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo J. Eloy Alves
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Barsukov
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jiří Bárta
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Čapek
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Gittel
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Bergen, Centre for Geobiology, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Rusalimova
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Shibistova
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Soil Science, Hannover, Germany
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tim Urich
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Watzka
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galina Zrazhevskaya
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andreas Richter
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 1 4277 76660.
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9
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Schnecker J, Wild B, Hofhansl F, Eloy Alves RJ, Bárta J, Čapek P, Fuchslueger L, Gentsch N, Gittel A, Guggenberger G, Hofer A, Kienzl S, Knoltsch A, Lashchinskiy N, Mikutta R, Šantrůčková H, Shibistova O, Takriti M, Urich T, Weltin G, Richter A. Effects of soil organic matter properties and microbial community composition on enzyme activities in cryoturbated arctic soils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94076. [PMID: 24705618 PMCID: PMC3976392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) is controlled, amongst other factors, by organic matter properties and by the microbial decomposer community present. Since microbial community composition and SOM properties are often interrelated and both change with soil depth, the drivers of enzymatic decomposition are hard to dissect. We investigated soils from three regions in the Siberian Arctic, where carbon rich topsoil material has been incorporated into the subsoil (cryoturbation). We took advantage of this subduction to test if SOM properties shape microbial community composition, and to identify controls of both on enzyme activities. We found that microbial community composition (estimated by phospholipid fatty acid analysis), was similar in cryoturbated material and in surrounding subsoil, although carbon and nitrogen contents were similar in cryoturbated material and topsoils. This suggests that the microbial community in cryoturbated material was not well adapted to SOM properties. We also measured three potential enzyme activities (cellobiohydrolase, leucine-amino-peptidase and phenoloxidase) and used structural equation models (SEMs) to identify direct and indirect drivers of the three enzyme activities. The models included microbial community composition, carbon and nitrogen contents, clay content, water content, and pH. Models for regular horizons, excluding cryoturbated material, showed that all enzyme activities were mainly controlled by carbon or nitrogen. Microbial community composition had no effect. In contrast, models for cryoturbated material showed that enzyme activities were also related to microbial community composition. The additional control of microbial community composition could have restrained enzyme activities and furthermore decomposition in general. The functional decoupling of SOM properties and microbial community composition might thus be one of the reasons for low decomposition rates and the persistence of 400 Gt carbon stored in cryoturbated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Birgit Wild
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo J. Eloy Alves
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiří Bárta
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Čapek
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antje Gittel
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Bergen, Centre for Geobiology, Department of Biology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelika Hofer
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Kienzl
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Knoltsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- University of South Bohemia, Department of Ecosystems Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Shibistova
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Bodenkunde, Hannover, Germany
- VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Mounir Takriti
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Urich
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Weltin
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Joint FAO/IAEA Division for Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition Laboratory, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Richter
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Gittel A, Bárta J, Kohoutová I, Mikutta R, Owens S, Gilbert J, Schnecker J, Wild B, Hannisdal B, Maerz J, Lashchinskiy N, Čapek P, Šantrůčková H, Gentsch N, Shibistova O, Guggenberger G, Richter A, Torsvik VL, Schleper C, Urich T. Distinct microbial communities associated with buried soils in the Siberian tundra. ISME J 2014; 8:841-53. [PMID: 24335828 PMCID: PMC3960545 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cryoturbation, the burial of topsoil material into deeper soil horizons by repeated freeze-thaw events, is an important storage mechanism for soil organic matter (SOM) in permafrost-affected soils. Besides abiotic conditions, microbial community structure and the accessibility of SOM to the decomposer community are hypothesized to control SOM decomposition and thus have a crucial role in SOM accumulation in buried soils. We surveyed the microbial community structure in cryoturbated soils from nine soil profiles in the northeastern Siberian tundra using high-throughput sequencing and quantification of bacterial, archaeal and fungal marker genes. We found that bacterial abundances in buried topsoils were as high as in unburied topsoils. In contrast, fungal abundances decreased with depth and were significantly lower in buried than in unburied topsoils resulting in remarkably low fungal to bacterial ratios in buried topsoils. Fungal community profiling revealed an associated decrease in presumably ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The abiotic conditions (low to subzero temperatures, anoxia) and the reduced abundance of fungi likely provide a niche for bacterial, facultative anaerobic decomposers of SOM such as members of the Actinobacteria, which were found in significantly higher relative abundances in buried than in unburied topsoils. Our study expands the knowledge on the microbial community structure in soils of Northern latitude permafrost regions, and attributes the delayed decomposition of SOM in buried soils to specific microbial taxa, and particularly to a decrease in abundance and activity of ECM fungi, and to the extent to which bacterial decomposers are able to act as their functional substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Gittel
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Kohoutová
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Mikutta
- Institut für Bodenkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Owens
- Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
- Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Institute of Genomics and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jörg Schnecker
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Wild
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bjarte Hannisdal
- Department of Earth Science, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joeran Maerz
- Division of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Nikolay Lashchinskiy
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Petr Čapek
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- Department of Ecosystems Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Norman Gentsch
- Institut für Bodenkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Shibistova
- Institut für Bodenkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- VN Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Russia
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Institut für Bodenkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vigdis L Torsvik
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christa Schleper
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Urich
- Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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