1
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Hoekstra MMB, Ness N, Badia-Soteras A, Brancaccio M. Bmal1 integrates circadian function and temperature sensing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316646121. [PMID: 38625943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316646121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian regulation and temperature dependency are important orchestrators of molecular pathways. How the integration between these two drivers is achieved, is not understood. We monitored circadian- and temperature-dependent effects on transcription dynamics of cold-response protein RNA Binding Motif 3 (Rbm3). Temperature changes in the mammalian master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), induced Rbm3 transcription and regulated its circadian periodicity, whereas the core clock gene Per2 was unaffected. Rbm3 induction depended on a full Brain And Muscle ARNT-Like Protein 1 (Bmal1) complement: reduced Bmal1 erased Rbm3 responses and weakened SCN circuit resilience to temperature changes. By focusing on circadian and temperature dependency, we highlight weakened transmission between core clock and downstream pathways as a potential route for reduced circadian resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke M B Hoekstra
- Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Ness
- Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Aina Badia-Soteras
- Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Brancaccio
- Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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2
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Bruhn D, Povlsen P, Gardner A, Mercado LM. Instantaneous Q 10 of night-time leaf respiratory CO 2 efflux - measurement and analytical protocol considerations. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38600045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity (e.g. Q10) of night-time leaf respiratory CO2 efflux (RCO2) is a fundamental aspect of leaf physiology. The Q10 typically exhibits a dependence on measurement temperature, and it is speculated that this is due to temperature-dependent shifts in the relative control of leaf RCO2. Two decades ago, a review hypothesized that this mechanistically caused change in values of Q10 is predictable across plant taxa and biomes. Here, we discuss the most appropriate measuring protocol among existing data and for future data collection, to form the foundation for a future mechanistic understanding of Q10 of leaf RCO2 at different temperature ranges. We do this primarily via a review of existing literature on Q10 of night-time RCO2 and only supplement to a lesser degree with own original data. Based on mechanistic considerations, we encourage that instantaneous Q10 of leaf RCO2 to represent night-time should be measured: only at night-time; only in response to short-term narrow temperature variation (e.g. max. 10°C) to represent a given midpoint temperature at a time; in response to as many temperatures as possible within the chosen temperature range; and on still attached leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Peter Povlsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Anna Gardner
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE, Exeter, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B14 2TT, UK
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE, Exeter, UK
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3
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Xu B, Wang W, Sun Y, Gong M. Rheological Performance Analysis of Different Preventive Maintenance Materials in Porous High-Viscosity Asphalt Pavements. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1458. [PMID: 38611973 PMCID: PMC11012671 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Porous asphalt pavements are widely used in rainy and wet areas for their skid resistance, noise reduction, runoff minimization and environmental sustainability. Long-term moisture vapor erosion and the destabilization of large pore structures can easily result in pavement problems such as fragmentation, spalling, cracking, and excessive permanent deformation. To this end, four different preventive maintenance materials, including the rejuvenation (RJ), cohesion reinforcement (CEM), polymerization reaction, and emulsified asphalt (EA) types, were selected in this paper to improve the high-viscosity porous asphalt pavement. The effects of the different preventive maintenance materials on the temperature sensitivity, rheological properties and fatigue performance of high-viscosity modified asphalt were evaluated through temperature sweep, frequency sweep, multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests. The results showed that the four preventive maintenance materials exhibit different enhancement mechanisms and effects. RJ improves the fatigue properties, deformation resistance and low-temperature cracking resistance of aged asphalt by adding elastomeric components; CEM materials are more conducive to increasing the low-temperature crack resistance of aged asphalt; while GL1 and EA improve the viscoelastic behavior of aged asphalt, but the effect of the dosing ratio needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Research and Development Center of Transport Industry of New Materials, Technologies Application for Highway Construction and Maintenance, Zhong Lu Gao Ke (Beijing) Road Technology Co., Ltd., Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China;
| | - Weiying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yiren Sun
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Mingyang Gong
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
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4
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Zhang S, Wang M, Xiao L, Guo X, Zheng J, Zhu B, Luo Z. Reconciling carbon quality with availability predicts temperature sensitivity of global soil carbon mineralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313842121. [PMID: 38437541 PMCID: PMC10945789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313842121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is a key component of the global carbon cycle. Its temperature sensitivity Q10 (which is defined as the factor of change in mineralization with a 10 °C temperature increase) is crucial for understanding the carbon cycle-climate change feedback but remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the universal control of carbon quality-availability tradeoffs on Q10. When carbon availability is not limited, Q10 is controlled by carbon quality; otherwise, substrate availability controls Q10. A model driven by such quality-availability tradeoffs explains 97% of the spatiotemporal variability of Q10 in incubations of soils across the globe and predicts a global Q10 of 2.1 ± 0.4 (mean ± one SD) with higher Q10 in northern high-latitude regions. We further reveal that global Q10 is predominantly governed by the mineralization of high-quality carbon. The work provides a foundation for predicting SOC dynamics under climate and land use changes which may alter soil carbon quality and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Liujun Xiao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Jinyang Zheng
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Zhongkui Luo
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
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5
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Nguyen TNM, Choo A, Baxter SW. Conservation of shibire and RpII215 temperature-sensitive lethal mutations between Drosophila and Bactrocera tryoni. Front Insect Sci 2024; 4:1249103. [PMID: 38469341 PMCID: PMC10926519 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1249103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique can suppress and eliminate population outbreaks of the Australian horticultural pest, Bactrocera tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly. Sterile males mate with wild females that produce inviable embryos, causing population suppression or elimination. Current sterile insect releases are mixed sex, as the efficient removal of unrequired factory-reared females is not yet possible. In this paper, we assessed the known Drosophila melanogaster temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal alleles shibire (G268D, shits1) and RNA polymerase II 215 (R977C, RpII215ts) for potential use in developing B. tryoni genetic sexing strains (GSS) for the conditional removal of females. Complementation tests in D. melanogaster wild-type or temperature-sensitive genetic backgrounds were performed using the GAL4-UAS transgene expression system. A B. tryoni wild-type shibire isoform partially rescued Drosophila temperature lethality at 29°C by improving survivorship to pupation, while expressing B. tryoni shits1 failed to rescue the lethality, supporting a temperature-sensitive phenotype. Expression of the B. tryoni RpII215 wild-type protein rescued the lethality of D. melanogaster RpII215ts flies at 29°C. Overexpressing the B. tryoni RpII215ts allele in the D. melanogaster wild-type background unexpectedly produced a dominant lethal phenotype at 29°C. The B. tryoni shibire and RpII215 wild-type alleles were able to compensate, to varying degrees, for the function of the D. melanogaster temperature-sensitive proteins, supporting functional conservation across species. Shibire and RpII215 hold potential for developing insect strains that can selectively kill using elevated temperatures; however, alleles with milder effects than shits1 will need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu N. M. Nguyen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda Choo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon W. Baxter
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zheng W, Zhang N, Murtaza G, Meng Z, Wu L, Qiu L. Naked-Eye Visual Thermometer Based on Glycerol─Nonclose-Packed Photonic Crystals for Real-Time Temperature Sensing and Monitoring. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38417142 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Real-time sensing and monitoring of temperature are of great significance for assessing human health. The sensitivity and stability are inevitable issues for thermometers. In this study, a thermometer with the cylindrical thermochromic hydrogel was prepared for real-time visual monitoring of temperature, which had excellent temperature sensitivity, angle-independence axially, and environmental stability. The customization of their initial optical properties depended on the PMMA concentrations and the content of the hydrogel monomer. The glycerol introduced with solvent displacement formed hydrogen bonds with the hydrogel network, which stabilized their mechanical properties, and the reflection peak blue-shifted from 653 to 499 nm when tensile strain was 57.85%. At the same time, the environmental stability originated from the moisturizing properties of the glycerol, which enabled the hydrogel to reliably transmit the information on temperature into the air without losing moisture. The reflection peak of the cylindrical thermochromic hydrogel shifted from 657 to 455 nm when the temperature increased from 22 to 45 °C, which realized temperature visual monitoring in the full-color range. The temperature sensitivity of the glycerol─nonclose-packed photonic crystals remained stable for 1 month, which provided an optimal option for continuous visual temperature monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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7
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Sato H, Satoh K, Nozaki K, Yugawa M, Kato T, Toyoda H, Katagiri A, Suda N, Adachi K. Reduced menthol sensitivity in a prodromal Parkinson's disease model induced by intranasal rotenone treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1345651. [PMID: 38380382 PMCID: PMC10876781 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1345651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms, and it is associated with several prodromal non-motor symptoms, including an impaired sense of smell, taste and touch. We previously reported that bitter taste impairments occur independently of olfactory impairments in an early-stage PD animal model using short-term intranasal rotenone-treated mice. Cool temperatures also affect bitter taste perception, but it remains unclear whether or not bitter taste impairments result from an altered sensitivity for intraoral cool stimuli. We examined disturbances in the intraoral menthol sensitivity, such as coolness at low concentrations of menthol, using a brief-access test. Once a day, one solution from the 7-concentration series of (-)-menthol (0-2.3 mM) or the bitter taste quinine-HCl (0.3 mM) was randomly presented 20 times for 10 s to water-deprived mice before and 1 week after rotenone treatment. The total number of licks within 20 times was significantly decreased with the presentation of 2.3 mM menthol and quinine-HCl, compared to distilled water in untreated mice, but not in rotenone-treated mice. The correlation between the licks for quinine-HCl and that for menthol was increased after rotenone treatment. In contrast, the 2-bottle choice test for 48 h clarified that menthol sensitivity was increased after rotenone treatment. Furthermore, a thermal place preference test revealed that seeking behavior toward a cold-floored room was increased in the rotenone-treated mice despite the unchanged plantar cutaneous cold sensitivity. These results suggest that taste impairments in this model mice are at least partly due to intraoral somatosensory impairments, accompanied by peripheral/central malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sato
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nozaki
- Division of Medical Information, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Misato Yugawa
- Division of Orthodontics, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayano Katagiri
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Division of Orthodontics, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Kazunori Adachi
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
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8
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Jiao Q, Zhang Y, Xie J, Liu F, Peng C, Pan Q. The dyeing effect of acridine orange for multiple plasmid systems is sensitive to temperature. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30499. [PMID: 38009594 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The Goldview dyeing of the natural multiplasmid system of Lactobacillus plantarum PC518 was affected by temperature. The article want to identify the specific molecules that cause temperature sensitivity, then experiment on the universality of temperature sensitivity, and finally preliminarily analyze the influencing factors. At 5°C and 25°C, single pDNA, multiplasmid system, and linear DNA samples were electrophoretic on agarose gel prestained by Goldview 1, 2, 3, and acridine orange (AO), respectively. Eighteen vectors of Escherichia coli and two vectors shortened by cloning were mixed into multiplasmid systems with different member numbers, and then electrophoresis with AO staining was performed within the range of 5°C-45°C, with a linearized multiplasmid system as the control. The lane profiles (peaks) were captured with Image Lab 5.1 software. After electrophoresis, the nine-plasmid-2 system was dyed with AO solutions of different ionic strengths to detect the effect of ionic strength on temperature sensitivity. It was measured that the UV-visible absorption spectra of the nine-plasmid-2 system dissolved in AO solutions with different ionic strengths and pH. Further, a response surface model was constructed using Design-Expert.V8.0.6 software. The electrophoresis result showed that the multiplasmid system from L. plantarum PC518 stained by AO staining showed a weak band at 5°C and five bands at 25°C, which was similar to the result of staining with Goldview 1, 2, and 3. The synthetic nine-plasmid-1 system and nine-plasmid-2 system displayed different band numbers on the electrophoresis gel in the electrophoresis temperature range of 5°C-45°C, namely 3, 4, 6, 4, and 2 bands, as well as 2, 6, 7, 8, and 5 bands. Using the 1× Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE)-AO solution, the poststaining results of the nine-plasmid-2 system in the temperature range of 5°C-45°C were 4, 6, 9, 9, and 7 bands, respectively. Further, using 5×, 10×, or 25× TAE buffer, the AO poststaining results at 5°C were 4, 2, and 1 bands, respectively. The ultraviolet spectral results from 5°C to 25°C showed that there was a significant difference (3.5 times) in the fluctuation amplitude at the absorption peak of 261.2 nm between 0× and 1-10× TAE-AO solution containing the nine-plasmid-2 system. Specifically, the fluctuation amplitudes of 0×, 1×, 5×, and 10× samples were 0.032, 0.109, 0.112, and 0.110, respectively. At the same time, using 1× and 10× TAE buffer, the AO-stained linear nine-plasmid-2 system remained stable and did not display temperature sensitivity. The response surface models of the AO-stained nine-plasmid-2 system intuitively displayed that the absorbance of the 1× TAE samples increased significantly with increasing temperature compared to the 0× TAE samples, regardless of the pH value. The findings confirmed a temperature-dependent effect in AO staining of natural or synthetic multiplasmid systems, with the optimum staining result occurring at 25°C. Ion strength was a necessary condition for the temperature sensitivity mechanism. This study layed the groundwork for further investigation into the reasons or underlying mechanisms of temperature sensitivity in AO staining of multiplasmid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoming Peng
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qu Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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9
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Huang Dennis Z, Benman W, Dong L, Bugaj LJ. Rapid Optogenetic Clustering in the Cytoplasm with BcLOVclust. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168452. [PMID: 38246410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein clustering is a powerful form of optogenetic control, yet remarkably few proteins are known to oligomerize with light. Recently, the photoreceptor BcLOV4 was found to form protein clusters in mammalian cells in response to blue light, although clustering coincided with its translocation to the plasma membrane, potentially constraining its application as an optogenetic clustering module. Herein we identify key amino acids that couple BcLOV4 clustering to membrane binding, allowing us to engineer a variant that clusters in the cytoplasm and does not associate with the membrane in response to blue light. This variant-called BcLOVclust-clustered over many cycles with substantially faster clustering and de-clustering kinetics compared to the widely used optogenetic clustering protein Cry2. The magnitude of clustering could be strengthened by appending an intrinsically disordered region from the fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein, or by selecting the appropriate fluorescent protein to which it was fused. Like wt BcLOV4, BcLOVclust activity was sensitive to temperature: light-induced clusters spontaneously dissolved at a rate that increased with temperature despite constant illumination. At low temperatures, BcLOVclust and Cry2 could be multiplexed in the same cells, allowing light control of independent protein condensates. BcLOVclust could also be applied to control signaling proteins and stress granules in mammalian cells. While its usage is currently best suited in cells and organisms that can be cultured below ∼30 °C, a deeper understanding of BcLOVclust thermal response will further enable its use at physiological mammalian temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Huang Dennis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Benman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lukasz J Bugaj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Tezuka T, Nagai S, Matsuo C, Okamori T, Iizuka T, Marubashi W. Genetic Cause of Hybrid Lethality Observed in Reciprocal Interspecific Crosses between Nicotiana simulans and N. tabacum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1226. [PMID: 38279225 PMCID: PMC10817076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid lethality, a type of postzygotic reproductive isolation, is an obstacle to wide hybridization breeding. Here, we report the hybrid lethality that was observed in crosses between the cultivated tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum (section Nicotiana), and the wild tobacco species, Nicotiana simulans (section Suaveolentes). Reciprocal hybrid seedlings were inviable at 28 °C, and the lethality was characterized by browning of the hypocotyl and roots, suggesting that hybrid lethality is due to the interaction of nuclear genomes derived from each parental species, and not to a cytoplasmic effect. Hybrid lethality was temperature-sensitive and suppressed at 36 °C. However, when hybrid seedlings cultured at 36 °C were transferred to 28 °C, all of them showed hybrid lethality. After crossing between an N. tabacum monosomic line missing one copy of the Q chromosome and N. simulans, hybrid seedlings with or without the Q chromosome were inviable and viable, respectively. These results indicated that gene(s) on the Q chromosome are responsible for hybrid lethality and also suggested that N. simulans has the same allele at the Hybrid Lethality A1 (HLA1) locus responsible for hybrid lethality as other species in the section Suaveolentes. Haplotype analysis around the HLA1 locus suggested that there are at least six and two haplotypes containing Hla1-1 and hla1-2 alleles, respectively, in the section Suaveolentes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tezuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
- Education and Research Field, School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nagai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Chihiro Matsuo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okamori
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iizuka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Wataru Marubashi
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan;
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11
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Park JH, Kwag E, Jeong MK, Park SJ, Lee S, Yoo HS. Genome-wide Analysis Identified SEMA4D, Novel Candidate Gene for Temperature Sensitivity in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2024; 23:15347354241233544. [PMID: 38469817 PMCID: PMC10935759 DOI: 10.1177/15347354241233544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of precision medicine, individual temperature sensitivity has been highlighted. This trait has traditionally been used for cold-heat pattern identification to understand the inherent physical characteristics, which are influenced by genetic factors, of an individual. However, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on this trait are limited. METHODS Using genotype data from 90 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations, we performed a GWAS to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and temperature sensitivity, such as cold and heat scores. The score of each participant was evaluated using self-administered questionnaires on common symptoms and a 15-item symptom-based cold-heat pattern identification questionnaire. RESULTS The GWAS was adjusted for confounding factors, including age and sex, and significant associations were identified for cold and heat scores: SNP rs145814326, located on the intron of SORCS2 at chromosome 4p16.1, had a P-value of 1.86 × 10-7; and SNP rs79297667, located upstream from SEMA4D at chromosome 9q22.2, had a P-value of 8.97 × 10-8. We also found that the genetic variant regulates the expression level of SEMA4D in the main tissues, including the lungs and white blood cells, in NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS SEMA4D was found to be significantly associated with temperature sensitivity in patients with NSCLC, suggesting an increased expression of SEMA4D in patients with higher heat scores. The potential role of temperature sensitivity as a prognostic or predictive marker of immune response in NSCLC should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyang Park
- Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Kwag
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Mi-Kyung Jeong
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Bioconvergence & Engineering, Graduate School, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Tang S, Xu H, Sang Y. Recent decline in tropical temperature sensitivity of atmospheric CO 2 growth rate variability. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17073. [PMID: 38273546 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A two-fold enhancement in the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) to tropical temperature interannual variability (Γ CGR T $$ {\varGamma}_{\mathrm{CGR}}^T $$ ) till early 2000s has been reported, which suggests a drought-induced shift in terrestrial carbon cycle responding temperature fluctuations, thereby accelerating global warming. However, using six decades long atmospheric CO2 observations, we show thatΓ CGR T $$ {\varGamma}_{\mathrm{CGR}}^T $$ has significantly declined in the last two decades, to the level during the 1960s. TheΓ CGR T $$ {\varGamma}_{\mathrm{CGR}}^T $$ decline begs the question of whether the sensitivity of ecosystem carbon cycle to temperature variations at local scale has largely decreased. With state-of-the-art dynamic global vegetation models, we further find that the recentΓ CGR T $$ {\varGamma}_{\mathrm{CGR}}^T $$ decline is barely attributed to ecosystem carbon cycle response to temperature fluctuations at local scale, which instead results from a decrease in spatial coherence in tropical temperature variability and land use change. Our results suggest that the recently reported loss of rainforest resilience has not shown marked influence on the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem carbon cycle. Nevertheless, the increasing extent of land use change as well as more frequent and intensive drought events are likely to modulate the responses of ecosystem carbon cycle to temperature variations in the future. Therefore, our study highlights the priority to continuously monitor the temperature sensitivity of CGR variability and improve Earth system model representation on land use change, in order to predict the carbon-climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuchang Tang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Sang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhang G, Bai J, Tebbe CC, Huang L, Jia J, Wang W, Wang X, Zhao Q, Wen L, Kong F, Xi M, He Q. Habitat-specific responses of soil organic matter decomposition to Spartina alterniflora invasion along China's coast. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2741. [PMID: 36103141 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasions cause a fundamental change in soil organic matter (SOM) turnover. Disentangling the biogeographic patterns and key drivers of SOM decomposition and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) under plant invasion is a prerequisite for making projections of global carbon feedback. We collected soil samples along China's coast across saltmarshes to mangrove ecosystems invaded by the smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.). Microcosm experiments were carried out to determine the patterns of SOM decomposition and its thermal response. Soil microbial biomass and communities were also characterized accordingly. SOM decomposition constant dramatically decreased along the mean annual temperature gradient, whereas the cordgrass invasion retarded this change (significantly reduced slope, p < 0.05). The response of Q10 to invasion and the soil microbial quotient peaked at midlatitude saltmarshes, which can be explained by microbial metabolism strategies. Climatic variables showed strong negative controls on the Q10 , whereas dissolved carbon fraction exerted a positive influence on its spatial variance. Higher microbial diversity appeared to weaken the temperature-related response of SOM decomposition, with apparent benefits for carbon sequestration. Inconsistent responses to invasion were exhibited among habitat types, with SOM accumulation in saltmarshes but carbon loss in mangroves, which were explained, at least in part, by the SOM decomposition patterns under invasion. This study elucidates the geographic pattern of SOM decomposition and its temperature sensitivity in coastal ecosystems and underlines the importance of interactions between climate, soil, and microbiota for stabilizing SOM under plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Laibin Huang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jia Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow River Basin, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
- Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zhu D, Wang Y, Ciais P, Chevallier F, Peng S, Zhang Y, Wang X. Temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake in northern high latitudes during the past four decades. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17043. [PMID: 37988234 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In the northern high latitudes, warmer spring temperatures generally lead to earlier leaf onsets, higher vegetation production, and enhanced spring carbon uptake. Yet, whether this positive linkage has diminished under climate change remains debated. Here, we used atmospheric CO2 measurements at Barrow (Alaska) during 1979-2020 to investigate the strength of temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake reflected by two indicators, spring zero-crossing date (SZC) and CO2 drawdown (SCC). We found a fall and rise in the interannual correlation of temperature with SZC and SCC (RSZC-T and RSCC-T ), showing a recent reversal of the previously reported weakening trend of RSZC-T and RSCC-T . We used a terrestrial biosphere model coupled with an atmospheric transport model to reproduce this fall and rise phenomenon and conducted factorial simulations to explore its potential causes. We found that a strong-weak-strong spatial synchrony of spring temperature anomalies per se has contributed to the fall and rise trend in RSZC-T and RSCC-T , despite an overall unbroken temperature control on net ecosystem CO2 fluxes at local scale. Our results provide an alternative explanation for the apparent drop of RSZC-T and RSCC-T during the late 1990s and 2000s, and suggest a continued positive linkage between spring carbon uptake and temperature during the past four decades. We thus caution the interpretation of apparent climate sensitivities of carbon cycle retrieved from spatially aggregated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Chauhan V, Dixit P, Pandey PK, Chaturvedi S, Pandey PC. Emission color tuning and dual-mode luminescence thermometry design in Dy 3+/Eu 3+co-doped SrMoO 4phosphors. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:015002. [PMID: 37703890 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf97b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of building a highly reliable contactless temperature probe with high sensitivity, good temperature-induced color discriminability, and economical synthesis has prompted the research community to work in the field of rare-earth-based luminescence thermometry. Moreover, the fast-growing market for optoelectronic devices has increased the demand for tunable color-emitting phosphors. In this study, Dy3+/Eu3+co-doped SrMoO4phosphors were developed as tunable color-emitting source and dual-mode luminescence thermometer. A facile and cost-effective auto-combustion method was used to synthesize the phosphors. Our work demonstrates a viable scheme for tailoring the emission of single-phase phosphors by precisely controlling the dopant concentrations and by modulating excitation wavelength. The overall emission is tuned from greenish-yellow to white and greenish-yellow to reddish-orange. A detailed energy transfer process from the host to the Ln3+ions and between the Ln3+ions is discussed. Further, anti-thermal quenching in the emission of Dy3+ion is observed when excited with 297 nm. The dual-mode luminescence thermometry has been studied by analyzing the fluorescence intensity ratio of Dy3+and Eu3+ions upon excitation at 297 nm. The maximum relative sensitivity value for 4% Eu3+co-doped SrMoO4:4%Dy3+phosphor is 1.46% K-1at 300 K. Furthermore, the configurational coordinate diagram is presented to elucidate the nature of temperature-dependent emission. Therefore, our research opens up new avenues for the development of color-tunable luminescent materials for various optoelectronic and temperature-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India
| | - Prashant Dixit
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Maharana Pratap Engineering College (Affiliated to Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow), Kanpur, U.P., India
| | - Prashant Kumar Pandey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India
| | - Satyam Chaturvedi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India
| | - Praveen C Pandey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, U.P., India
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16
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Liu YH, DU XL, Huang JX, Xiong DC. [Effect of environmental factors on mineral soil respiration: A review]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2835-2844. [PMID: 37897292 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Mineral soil respiration, a major component of CO2 emissions from soil to atmosphere, plays a critical role in driving terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and is highly sensitive to environmental changes, including soil temperature, soil moisture, and substrate availability. The changes of environmental factors can affect mineral soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity thereby alters global carbon balance. We reviewed studies on the effects of environmental factors on mineral soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity. The effect of environmental factors on mineral soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity significantly differed among ecosystems. Environmental factors directly and indirectly affect mineral soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity by altering soil microbial biomass and community structure, extracellular enzyme activity, and soil porosity. Based on the results of this review, we suggested: 1) combining multiple observation techniques and methods to study the effects of environmental factors on mineral soil respiration; 2) exploring the interactive effects of multiple environmental factors on mineral soil respiration; 3) carrying out experiments on mineral soil respiration at different temporal and spatial scales; 4) improving the prediction model of mineral soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity; 5) streng-thening the role of substrate supply of recent photosynthates in the regulation of mineral soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Liu
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365002, Fujian, China
| | - Xu-Long DU
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365002, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Xue Huang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - De-Cheng Xiong
- Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365002, Fujian, China
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17
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Qiao Y, Gu H, Xu H, Ma Q, Zhang X, Yan Q, Gao J, Yang Y, Rossi S, Smith NG, Liu J, Chen L. Accelerating effects of growing-season warming on tree seasonal activities are progressively disappearing. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3625-3633.e3. [PMID: 37567171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The phenological changes induced by climate warming have profound effects on water, energy, and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. In addition to pre-season warming, growing-season warming may drive tree phenology by altering photosynthetic carbon uptake. It has been reported that the effect of pre-season warming on tree phenology is decreasing. However, temporal change in the effect of growing-season warming on tree phenology is not yet clear. Combining long-term ground observations and remote-sensing data, here we show that spring and autumn phenology were advanced by growing-season warming, while the accelerating effects of growing-season warming on tree phenology were progressively disappearing, manifesting as phenological events converted from being advanced to being delayed, in the temperate deciduous broadleaved forests across the Northern Hemisphere between 1983 and 2014. We further observed that the effect of growing-season warming on photosynthetic productivity showed a synchronized decline over the same period. The responses of phenology and photosynthetic productivity had a strong linear relationship with each other, and both showed significant negative correlations with the elevated temperature and vapor pressure deficit during the growing season. These findings indicate that warming-induced water stress may drive the observed decline in the responses of tree phenology to growing-season warming by decelerating photosynthetic productivity. Our results not only demonstrate a close link between photosynthetic carbon uptake and tree seasonal activities but also provide a physiological perspective of the nonlinear phenological responses to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongshuang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hanfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qimei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yuchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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18
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Chen ZX, Zhang C, Li Q, Song XZ, Shi M. Mechanism underlying temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition: A review. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2575-2584. [PMID: 37899125 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202309.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is an important index to estimate the dynamics of soil C budget. However, the spatial variation of Q10 and its influencing factors remain largely uncertain. In this study, we reviewed the effects of climate environment, spatial geographic pattern, soil physicochemical property, vegetation type, microbial community composition and function, and global climate change on Q10 to summarize the general rule of each factor influencing Q10 and compare the relative contribution of each factor to Q10 in different ecosystems. The results showed that Q10 decreases with the increases of temperature and precipitation, but increases with the rise of latitude and altitude. The Q10 value is higher in grassland than that in forest, and also in coniferous forest and deciduous forest than that in evergreen broad-leaved forest. Carbon quality is negatively correlated with Q10, but the C quality hypothesis is not always valid with exogenous substrate input. For example, the increment of substrate availability may significantly increase Q10 in low-quality soils. Q10 decreases with the enhanced proportion of r-strategy microorganisms (Proteobacteria and Ascomycetes), but increases with the enhanced proportion of K-strategy microorganisms (Acidobacteria and Basidiomycetes). Q10 increases with elevated CO2 concentration, but declines with atmospheric nitrogen deposition. In natural ecosystems, Q10 is mainly regulated by temperature and C quality. Temperature is the main factor regulating Q10 in the topsoil while C quality is the main factor in deep soil. Our review provided a theoretical support to improve the coupled climate-C cycle model and achieved the C neutral strategy under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xiong Chen
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Quan Li
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xin-Zhang Song
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Man Shi
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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19
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Jirik KJ, Dominguez JA, Abdulkarim I, Glaaser J, Stoian ES, Almanza LJ, Lee N. Parasitoid-host eavesdropping reveals temperature coupling of preferences to communication signals without genetic coupling. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230775. [PMID: 37583323 PMCID: PMC10427829 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Receivers of acoustic communication signals evaluate signal features to identify conspecifics. Changes in the ambient temperature can alter these features, rendering species recognition a challenge. To maintain effective communication, temperature coupling-changes in receiver signal preferences that parallel temperature-induced changes in signal parameters-occurs among genetically coupled signallers and receivers. Whether eavesdroppers of communication signals exhibit temperature coupling is unknown. Here, we investigate if the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea, an eavesdropper of cricket calling songs, exhibits song pulse rate preferences that are temperature coupled. We use a high-speed treadmill system to record walking phonotaxis at three ambient temperatures (21, 25, and 30°C) in response to songs that varied in pulse rates (20 to 90 pulses per second). Total walking distance, peak steering velocity, angular heading, and the phonotaxis performance index varied with song pulse rates and ambient temperature. The peak of phonotaxis performance index preference functions became broader and shifted to higher pulse rate values at higher temperatures. Temperature-related changes in cricket songs between 21 and 30°C did not drastically affect the ability of flies to recognize cricket calling songs. These results confirm that temperature coupling can occur in eavesdroppers that are not genetically coupled with signallers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iya Abdulkarim
- Department of Biology, St Olaf College, Northfield, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norman Lee
- Department of Biology, St Olaf College, Northfield, MN, USA
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20
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Zhong Z, Zhang G, Fu G. Effect of Experiment Warming on Soil Fungi Community of Medicago sativa, Elymus nutans and Hordeum vulgare in Tibet. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:885. [PMID: 37754993 PMCID: PMC10532768 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The uncertainty response of soil fungi community to climate warming in alpine agroecosystems will limit our ability to fully exploit and utilize soil fungi resources, especially in alpine regions. In this study, a warming experiment was conducted in one perennial leguminous agroecosystem [i.e., alfalfa (Medicago sativa)], perennial gramineous agroecosystem (i.e., Elymus nutans) and annual gramineous agroecosystem [i.e., highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L)] in Tibet since 2016 to investigate the response of soil fungi community to climate warming. Soils at two layers (i.e., 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) were collected in August 2017 to estimate soil fungi community based on the ITS method. The α-diversity, community composition and functional group abundance of soil fungi in the leguminous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming. The α-diversity of soil fungi in the perennial gramineous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming, but topology parameters of soil fungi species cooccurrence network in the annual gramineous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming. Compared with 0-10 cm, soil fungal α-diversity, community composition and functional group abundance at 10-20 cm were more sensitive to climate warming. The topological parameters of soil fungi species cooccurrence network at 0-10 cm in the gramineous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming, but those at 10-20 cm in the leguminous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming. Warming increased the differences of soil fungi α-diversity and functional composition. For the Medicago sativa agroecosystem, warming increased the abundance of soil pathogenic fungi but decreased the abundance of soil symbiotic and saprophytic fungi at 10-20 cm. Therefore, responses of the soil fungi community to climate warming varied with agroecosystem types and soil depth. Climate warming can alter the differences of the soil fungi community among agroecosystems. Changes in soil fungi community caused by climate warming may be detrimental to the growth of alpine crops, at least for perennial Medicago sativa in Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gang Fu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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21
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Guo L, Liu X, Alatalo JM, Wang C, Xu J, Yu H, Chen J, Yu Q, Peng C, Dai J, Luedeling E. Climatic drivers and ecological implications of variation in the time interval between leaf-out and flowering. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3338-3349.e3. [PMID: 37490919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Leaf-out and flowering in any given species have evolved to occur in a predetermined sequence, with the inter-stage time interval optimized to maximize plant fitness. Although warming-induced advances of both leaf-out and flowering are well documented, it remains unclear whether shifts in these phenological phases differ in magnitudes and whether changes have occurred in the length of the inter-stage intervals. Here, we present an extensive synthesis of warming effects on flower-leaf time intervals, using long-term (1963-2014) and in situ data consisting of 11,858 leaf-out and flowering records for 183 species across China. We found that the timing of both spring phenological events was generally advanced, indicating a dominant impact of forcing conditions compared with chilling. Stable time intervals between leaf-out and flowering prevailed for most of the time series despite increasing temperatures; however, some of the investigated cases featured significant changes in the time intervals. The latter could be explained by differences in the temperature sensitivity (ST) between leaf and flower phenology. Greater ST for flowering than for leaf-out caused flowering times to advance faster than leaf emergence. This shortened the inter-stage intervals in leaf-first species and lengthened them in flower-first species. Variation in the time intervals between leaf-out and flowering events may have far-reaching ecological and evolutionary consequences, with implications for species fitness, intra/inter-species interactions, and ecosystem structure, function, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Chuanyao Wang
- College of Forestry (Academy of Forestry), Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Center for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; World Agroforestry Center, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of A&F Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Jutland 8830, Denmark
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Junhu Dai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Eike Luedeling
- INRES-Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen 53121, Germany
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22
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Yang L, Zhao S, Liu S. Urban environments provide new perspectives for forecasting vegetation phenology responses under climate warming. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4383-4396. [PMID: 37249105 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Given that already-observed temperature increase within cities far exceeds the projected global temperature rise by the end of the century, urban environments often offer a unique opportunity for studying ecosystem response to future warming. However, the validity of thermal gradients in space serving as a substitute for those in time is rarely tested. Here, we investigated vegetation phenology dynamics in China's 343 cities and empirically test whether phenological responses to spatial temperature rise in urban settings can substitute for those to temporal temperature rise in their natural counterparts based on satellite-derived vegetation phenology and land surface temperature from 2003 to 2018. We found prevalent advancing spring phenology with "high confidence" and delaying autumn phenology with "medium confidence" under the context of widespread urban warming. Furthermore, we showed that space cannot substitute for time in predicting phenological shifts under climate warming at the national scale and for most cities. The thresholds of ~11°C mean annual temperature and ~600 mm annual precipitation differentiated the magnitude of phenological sensitivity to temperature across space and through time. Below those thresholds, there existed stronger advanced spring phenology and delayed autumn phenology across the spatial urbanization gradients than through time, and vice versa. Despite the complex and diverse relationships between phenological sensitivities across space and through time, we found that the directions of the temperature changes across spatial gradients were converged (i.e., mostly increased), but divergent through temporal gradients (i.e., increased or decreased without a predominant direction). Similarly, vegetation phenology changes more uniformly over space than through time. These results suggested that the urban environments provide a real-world condition to understand vegetation phenology response under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Hainan University, Hainan, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, and College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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23
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Cruz-Paredes C, Tájmel D, Rousk J. Variation in Temperature Dependences across Europe Reveals the Climate Sensitivity of Soil Microbial Decomposers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0209022. [PMID: 37162342 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02090-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a major determinant of biological process rates, and microorganisms are key regulators of ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics. Temperature controls microbial rates of decomposition, and thus warming can stimulate C loss, creating positive feedback to climate change. If trait distributions that define temperature relationships of microbial communities can adapt to altered temperatures, they could modulate the strength of this feedback, but if this occurs remains unclear. In this study, we sampled soils from a latitudinal climate gradient across Europe. We established the temperature relationships of microbial growth and respiration rates and used these to investigate if and with what strength the community trait distributions for temperature were adapted to their local environment. Additionally, we sequenced bacterial and fungal amplicons to link the variance in community composition to changes in temperature traits. We found that microbial temperature trait distributions varied systematically with climate, suggesting that an increase in mean annual temperature (MAT) of 1°C will result in warm-shifted microbial temperature trait distributions equivalent to an increase in temperature minimum (Tmin) of 0.20°C for bacterial growth, 0.07°C for fungal growth, and 0.10°C for respiration. The temperature traits for bacterial growth were thus more responsive to warming than those for respiration and fungal growth. The microbial community composition also varied with temperature, enabling the interlinkage of taxonomic information with microbial temperature traits. Our work shows that the adaptation of microbial temperature trait distributions to a warming climate will affect the C-climate feedback, emphasizing the need to represent this to capture the microbial feedback to climate change. IMPORTANCE One of the largest uncertainties of global warming is if the microbial decomposer feedback will strengthen or weaken soil C-climate feedback. Despite decades of research effort, the strength of this feedback to warming remains unknown. We here present evidence that microbial temperature relationships vary systematically with environmental temperatures along a climate gradient and use this information to forecast how microbial temperature traits will create feedback between the soil C cycle and climate warming. We show that the current use of a universal temperature sensitivity is insufficient to represent the microbial feedback to climate change and provide new estimates to replace this flawed assumption in Earth system models. We also demonstrate that temperature relationships for rates of microbial growth and respiration are differentially affected by warming, with stronger responses to warming for microbial growth (soil C formation) than for respiration (C loss from soil to atmosphere), which will affect the atmosphere-land C balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dániel Tájmel
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Rousk
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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24
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Kojima M, Machida K, Cho S, Watanabe D, Seki H, Shimoji M, Imaoka A, Yamazaki H, Guengerich FP, Nakamura K, Yamamoto K, Akiyoshi T, Ohtani H. The influence of temperature on the metabolic activity of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 genetic variants in vitro. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:357-365. [PMID: 37584614 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2248498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
1. Temperature is considered to affect the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes; however, no previous studies have compared temperature dependency among cytochrome P450 genetic variants. This study aimed to analyse warfarin 7-hydroxylation by CYP2C9 variants; omeprazole 5-hydroxylation by CYP2C19 variants; and midazolam 1-hydroxylation by CYP3A4 variants at 34 °C, 37 °C, and 40 °C.2. Compared with that seen at 37 °C, the intrinsic clearance rates (Vmax/Km) of CYP2C9.1 and .2 were decreased (76 ∼ 82%), while that of CYP2C9.3 was unchanged at 34 °C. At 40 °C, CYP2C9.1, .2, and .3 exhibited increased (121%), unchanged and decreased (87%) intrinsic clearance rates, respectively. At 34 °C, the clearance rates of CYP2C19.1A and .10 were decreased (71 ∼ 86%), that of CYP2C19.1B was unchanged, and those of CYP2C19.8 and .23 were increased (130 ∼ 134%). At 40 °C, the clearance rates of CYP2C19.1A, .1B, .10, and .23 remained unaffected, while that of CYP2C19.8 was decreased (74%). At 34 °C, the clearance rates of CYP3A4.1 and .16 were decreased (79 ∼ 84%), those of CYP3A4.2 and .7 were unchanged, and that of CYP3A4.18 was slightly increased (112%). At 40 °C, the clearance rate of CYP3A4.1 remained unaffected, while those of CYP3A4.2, .7, .16, and .18 were decreased (58 ∼ 82%).3. These findings may be clinically useful for dose optimisation in patients with hypothermia or hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Kojima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanami Machida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumie Cho
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shimoji
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Machida, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Shinjuku, Japan
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25
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Yao P, Bao Q, Yao Y, Xiao M, Xu Z, Yang J, Liu W. Environmentally Stable, Robust, Adhesive, and Conductive Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Gels as Ultrasensitive Flexible Temperature Sensor. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2300114. [PMID: 36847514 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is essential and of great significance to impart high mechanical performance, environmental stability, and high sensitivity to emerging flexible temperature sensors. In this work, polymerizable deep eutectic solvents are designed and prepared by simply mixing N-cyanomethyl acrylamide (NCMA) containing an amide group and a cyano group in the same side chain with lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI), and obtain supramolecular deep eutectic polyNCMA/LiTFSI gels after polymerization. These supramolecular gels exhibit excellent mechanical performance (tensile strength of 12.9 MPa and fracture energy of 45.3 kJ m-2 ), strong adhesion force, high-temperature responsiveness, self-healing ability, and shape memory behavior due to the reversible reconstruction ability of amide hydrogen bonds and cyano-cyano dipole-dipole interactions in the gel network. In addition, the gels also demonstrate good environmental stability and 3D printability. To verify its application potential as a flexible temperature sensor, the polyNCMA/LiTFSI gel-based wireless temperature monitor is developed and displays outstanding thermal sensitivity (8.4%/K) over a wide detection range. The preliminary result also suggests the promising potential of PNCMA gel as a pressure sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puqing Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiwen Bao
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ziyang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jianhai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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26
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Tian N, Huang XM, Chen LC, Huang K, Tao X. Effects of liming on soil respiration and its sensitivity to temperature in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1194-1202. [PMID: 37236935 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The primary distribution area of acid deposition coincides with areas of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations. Liming is an effective method of restoring acidified soil. To understand the effects of liming on soil respiration and temperature sensitivity within the context of acid deposition, we measured soil respiration and its components in Chinese fir plantations for one year beginning in June 2020, with 0, 1 and 5 t·hm-2 calcium oxide being added in 2018. The results showed that liming considerably increased soil pH and exchangeable Ca2+ concentration, and that there was no significant difference among different levels of lime application. Soil respiration rate and components in the Chinese fir plantations exhibited seasonal variations, with the highest values during the summer and the lowest values during the winter. Although liming did not alter seasonal dynamics, it strongly inhibited heterotrophic respiration rate and increased autotrophic respiration rate of soil, with minor effect on total soil respiration. The monthly dynamics of soil respiration and temperature were largely consistent. There was a clear exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature. Liming increased temperature sensitivity Q10 of soil respiration and autotrophic respiration but reduced that of soil heterotrophic respiration. In conclusion, liming promoted soil autotrophic respiration and strongly inhibited soil heterotrophic respiration in Chinese fir plantations, which would facilitate soil carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tian
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xue-Mei Huang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Long-Chi Chen
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Structure and Ecosystem Service of Subtropical Forest, Huitong 418300, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Structure and Ecosystem Service of Subtropical Forest, Huitong 418300, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Tao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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27
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Jia J, Liu Z, Haghipour N, Wacker L, Zhang H, Sierra CA, Ma T, Wang Y, Chen L, Luo A, Wang Z, He JS, Zhao M, Eglinton TI, Feng X. Molecular 14 C evidence for contrasting turnover and temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter components. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:778-788. [PMID: 36922740 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate projection requires an accurate understanding for soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and its response to warming. An emergent view considers that environmental constraints rather than chemical structure alone control SOC turnover and its temperature sensitivity (i.e., Q10 ), but direct long-term evidence is lacking. Here, using compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of soil profiles along a 3300-km grassland transect, we provide direct evidence for the rapid turnover of lignin-derived phenols compared with slower-cycling molecular components of SOC (i.e., long-chain lipids and black carbon). Furthermore, in contrast to the slow-cycling components whose turnover is strongly modulated by mineral association and exhibits low Q10 , lignin turnover is mainly regulated by temperature and has a high Q10 . Such contrasts resemble those between fast-cycling (i.e., light) and mineral-associated slow-cycling fractions from globally distributed soils. Collectively, our results suggest that warming may greatly accelerate the decomposition of lignin, especially in soils with relatively weak mineral associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Negar Haghipour
- Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Wacker
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Carlos A Sierra
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Litong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Ao Luo
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixun Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Xiao X, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Shen H, Ma Z, Zhou J, Sun B, Liang Y. Microbial Interactions Related to N(2)O Emissions and Temperature Sensitivity from Rice Paddy Fields. mBio 2023; 14:e0326222. [PMID: 36719199 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03262-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil microbiome is a driver of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in terrestrial ecosystems. Identifying the core microbiome of N2O emissions and its temperature sensitivity from trillions of soil microorganisms is a great challenge and is essential to improving the predictability of soil-climate feedback related to increasing temperature. Here, the integrated soil microbiome covering archaeal, bacterial, fungal, algal, and microfaunal communities was studied to disengage the potential linkage with its N2O emissions and its temperature sensitivity in paddy fields by hunting for core species pairs. The results showed that between-group interactions of core bacterial and archaeal members and the within-group interactions of core bacterial members jointly contributed to the N2O emissions and its temperature sensitivity. The contribution of between-group interactions (32 to 33%) was greater than that of within groups (10 to 18%). These results suggested that N2O emissions and their fluctuations related to climate warming are affected by the within- and between-group interactions of the soil microbiome. Our results help advance the knowledge on the importance of microbial keystone species and network associations in controlling N2O production and their responses to increasing temperature. IMPORTANCE Soil microorganisms drive emissions of nitrous oxide from soils; this is a powerful greenhouse gas and the dominant ozone-depleting agent. N2O emissions can be partly predicted from soil properties and specific microbial groups, whereas a possible role of below-ground microbial interactions has largely been overlooked. Here, the integrated soil microbiome covering archaeal, bacterial, fungal, algal, and microfaunal communities was studied to disengage the potential linkage with the N2O emissions and temperature sensitivity of the microbiome in paddy fields by hunting for core species pairs. The results showed that between-group interactions of core bacterial and archaeal members and the within-group interactions of core bacterial members jointly contributed to the N2O emissions. The contribution of between-group interactions (32 to 33%) was greater than that of within-group interactions (10 to 18%). Our results help advance the knowledge on the importance of microbial keystone species and interactions in controlling N2O production and their responses to increasing temperature.
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29
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Rammeloo C, Baumgartner A. Spectroradiometer Calibration for Radiance Transfer Measurements. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2339. [PMID: 36850933 PMCID: PMC9959733 DOI: 10.3390/s23042339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical remote sensing and Earth observation instruments rely on precise radiometric calibrations which are generally provided by the broadband emission from large-aperture integrating spheres. The link between the integrating sphere radiance and an SI-traceable radiance standard is made by spectroradiometer measurements. In this work, the calibration efforts of a Spectra Vista Corporation (SVC) HR-1024i spectroradiometer are presented to study how these enable radiance transfer measurements at the Calibration Home Base (CHB) for imaging spectrometers at the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The spectral and radiometric response calibrations of an SVC HR-1024i spectroradiometer are reported, as well as the measurements of non-linearity and its sensitivity to temperature changes and polarized light. This achieves radiance transfer measurements with the calibrated spectroradiometer with relative expanded uncertainties between 1% and 3% (k=2) over the wavelength range of 380 nm to 2500 nm, which are limited by the uncertainties of the applied radiance standard.
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30
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Wang G. The Network Basis for the Structural Thermostability and the Functional Thermoactivity of Aldolase B. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041850. [PMID: 36838836 PMCID: PMC9959246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermostability is important for the thermoactivity of proteins including enzymes. However, it is still challenging to pinpoint the specific structural factors for different temperature thresholds to initiate their specific structural and functional perturbations. Here, graph theory was used to investigate how the temperature-dependent noncovalent interactions as identified in the structures of aldolase B and its prevalent A149P mutant could form a systematic fluidic grid-like mesh network with topological grids to regulate the structural thermostability and the functional thermoactivity upon cyclization against decyclization in an extended range of a subunit. The results showed that the biggest grid may determine the melting temperature thresholds for the changes in their secondary and tertiary structures and specific catalytic activities. Further, a highly conserved thermostable grid may serve as an anchor to secure the flexible active site to achieve the specific thermoactivity. Finally, higher grid-based systematic thermal instability may disfavor the thermoactivity. Thus, this computational study may provide critical clues for the structural thermostability and the functional thermoactivity of proteins including enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Drug Research and Development, Institute of Biophysical Medico-Chemistry, Reno, NV 89523, USA
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31
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Li J, Pei J, Fang C, Li B, Nie M. Opposing seasonal temperature dependencies of CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from wetlands. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1133-1143. [PMID: 36385719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are critically important to global climate change because of their role in modulating the release of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ). Temperature plays a crucial role in wetland GHG emissions, while the general pattern for seasonal temperature dependencies of wetland CO2 and CH4 emissions is poorly understood. Here we show opposite seasonal temperature dependencies of CO2 and CH4 emissions by using 36,663 daily observations of simultaneous measurements of ecosystem-scale CO2 and CH4 emissions in 42 widely distributed wetlands from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Specifically, the temperature dependence of CO2 emissions decreased with increasing monthly mean temperature, but the opposite was true for that of CH4 emissions. Neglecting seasonal temperature dependencies may overestimate wetland CO2 and CH4 emissions compared to the use of a year-based static and consistent temperature dependence parameter when only considering temperature effects. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating the remarkable seasonality in temperature dependence into process-based biogeochemical models to predict feedbacks of wetland GHG emissions to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Guo X, Mao X, Yu W, Xiao L, Wang M, Zhang S, Zheng J, Zhou H, Luo L, Chang J, Shi Z, Luo Z. A field incubation approach to evaluate the depth dependence of soil biogeochemical responses to climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:909-920. [PMID: 36300560 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil biogeochemical processes may present depth-dependent responses to climate change, due to vertical environmental gradients (e.g., thermal and moisture regimes, and the quantity and quality of soil organic matter) along soil profile. However, it is a grand challenge to distinguish such depth dependence under field conditions. Here we present an innovative, cost-effective and simple approach of field incubation of intact soil cores to explore such depth dependence. The approach adopts field incubation of two sets of intact soil cores: one incubated right-side up (i.e., non-inverted), and another upside down (i.e., inverted). This inversion keeps soil intact but changes the depth of the soil layer of same depth origin. Combining reciprocal translocation experiments to generate natural climate shift, we applied this incubation approach along a 2200 m elevational mountainous transect in southeast Tibetan Plateau. We measured soil respiration (Rs) from non-inverted and inverted cores of 1 m deep, respectively, which were exchanged among and incubated at different elevations. The results indicated that Rs responds significantly (p < .05) to translocation-induced climate shifts, but this response is depth-independent. As the incubation proceeds, Rs from both non-inverted and inverted cores become more sensitive to climate shifts, indicating higher vulnerability of persistent soil organic matter (SOM) to climate change than labile components, if labile substrates are assumed to be depleted with the proceeding of incubation. These results show in situ evidence that whole-profile SOM mineralization is sensitive to climate change regardless of the depth location. Together with measurements of vertical physiochemical conditions, the inversion experiment can serve as an experimental platform to elucidate the depth dependence of the response of soil biogeochemical processes to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Guo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiali Mao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Liujun Xiao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangxin Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lun Luo
- South-East Tibetan Plateau Station for Integrated Observation and Research of Alpine Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkui Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chao CTC, Kooh MRR, Lim CM, Thotagamuge R, Mahadi AH, Chau YFC. Visible-Range Multiple-Channel Metal-Shell Rod-Shaped Narrowband Plasmonic Metamaterial Absorber for Refractive Index and Temperature Sensing. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:340. [PMID: 36838040 PMCID: PMC9965369 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple resonance modes in an optical absorber are necessary for nanophotonic devices and encounter a challenge in the visible range. This article designs a multiple-channel plasmonic metamaterial absorber (PMA) that comprises a hexagonal arrangement of metal-shell nanorods in a unit cell over a continuous thin metal layer, operating in the visible range of the sensitive refractive index (RI) and temperature applications. Finite element method simulations are utilized to investigate the physical natures, such as the absorptance spectrum, magnetic flux and surface charge densities, electric field intensity, and electromagnetic power loss density. The advantage of the proposed PMA is that it can tune either three or five absorptance channels with a narrowband in the visible range. The recorded sensitivity and figure of merit (S, FOM) for modes 1-5 can be obtained (600.00 nm/RIU, 120.00), (600.00 nm/RIU, 120.00 RIU-1), (600.00 nm/RIU, 120.00 RIU-1), (400.00 nm/RIU, 50.00 RIU-1), and (350.00 nm/RIU, 25.00 RIU-1), respectively. Additionally, the temperature sensitivity can simultaneously reach 0.22 nm/°C for modes 1-3. The designed PMA can be suitable for RI and temperature sensing in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Chou Chao
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Chee Ming Lim
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Roshan Thotagamuge
- Department of Nano Science Technology, Faculty of Technology, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya 60200, Sri Lanka
| | - Abdul Hanif Mahadi
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
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Han F, Yu C, Fu G. Non-growing/growing season non-uniform-warming increases precipitation use efficiency but reduces its temporal stability in an alpine meadow. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1090204. [PMID: 36778684 PMCID: PMC9911657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are still uncertainties on the impacts of season-non-uniform-warming on plant precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and its temporal stability (PUEstability) in alpine areas. Here, we examined the changes of PUE and PUEstability under two scenes of non-growing/growing season non-uniform-warming (i.e., GLNG: growing-season-warming lower than non-growing-season-warming; GHNG: growing-season-warming higher than non-growing-season-warming) based on a five-year non-uniform-warming of non-growing/growing season experiment. The GLNG treatment increased PUE by 38.70% and reduced PUEstability by 50.47%, but the GHNG treatment did not change PUE and PUEstability. This finding was mainly due to the fact that the GLNG treatment had stronger influences on aboveground biomass (AGB), non-growing-season soil moisture (SMNG), temporal stability of AGB (AGBstability), temporal stability of non-growing-season air temperature (T a_NG_stability), temporal stability of growing-season vapor pressure deficit (VPDG_stability) and temporal stability of start of growing-season (SGSstability). Therefore, the warming scene with a higher non-growing-season-warming can have greater influences on PUE and PUEstability than the warming scene with a higher growing-season-warming, and there were possibly trade-offs between plant PUE and PUEstability under season-non-uniform-warming scenes in the alpine meadow.
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Stauft CB, Sangare K, Wang TT. Differences in New Variant of Concern Replication at Physiological Temperatures In Vitro. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:202-205. [PMID: 35759271 PMCID: PMC9384407 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Using multiple cell types and isolates of Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, we report differences in virus production, replication, and infectivity in vitro. Ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant exhibit reduced virus production and replication at 34°C compared to 37°C while Omicron replication is balanced between temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Stauft
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluations and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kotou Sangare
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluations and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony T Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluations and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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36
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Chui TCP, Erwin A, Hahn I. Extensions of the Galperin Transformation Matrices for Triaxial Seismometers. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 36616624 PMCID: PMC9824489 DOI: 10.3390/s23010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since its invention in 1955, the Galperin symmetric triaxial seismometer has been widely used for seismic detection on Earth, and most recently on the planet Mars. In this paper, we present detailed physics of such seismometers, which has not yet been published in open literature. We extended Galperin's original work, which is based on idealized geometry and assumptions, to include more practical cases, including (1) non-idealized tilt angles of its component seismometers; (2) component seismometers that are not exactly oriented 120° apart; (3) distributed mass on the boom; and (4) the case of operations at lower frequencies.
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Klose SM, Omotainse OS, Zare S, Vaz PK, Armat P, Shil P, Wawegama N, Kanci Condello A, O'Rourke D, Disint JF, Andrews DM, Underwood GJ, Morrow CJ, Marenda MS, Noormohammadi AH. Virulence factors of Mycoplasma synoviae: Three genes influencing colonization, immunogenicity, and transmissibility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042212. [PMID: 36532420 PMCID: PMC9749132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Mycoplasma synoviae are major welfare and economic concerns in poultry industries worldwide. These infections cause chronic respiratory disease and/or synovitis in chickens and turkeys leading to reduced production and increased mortality rates. The live attenuated vaccine strain MS-H (Vaxsafe® MS), commonly used for protection against M. synoviae infection in many countries, contains 32 single nucleotide variations compared to its wildtype parent strain, 86079/7NS. Genomic analysis of vaccine strains reisolated from flocks following the administration of MS-H has identified reversions to the original 86079/7NS sequence in the obgE, oppF and gapdh genes. Here, three MS-H field reisolates containing the 86079/7NS genotype in obgE (AS2), obgE and oppF (AB1), and obgE, oppF and gapdh (TS4), as well as the vaccine MS-H and the parental strain 86079/7NS were experimentally inoculated to chickens. The strains were assessed for their ability to infect and elicit immune responses in the recipient chickens, as well as in naïve in-contact chickens. Despite the loss of temperature sensitivity phenotype and colonization of the reisolates in the lower respiratory tract, there was no significant differences detected in the microscopic mucosal thickness of the middle or lower trachea of the inoculated chickens. Concurrent reversions in ObgE, OppF and GAPDH proteins were associated with higher gross air sac lesion scores and increased microscopic upper-tracheal mucosal thickness in chickens directly inoculated with the reisolates following intratracheal administration of a virulent strain of infectious bronchitis virus. The gross air sac lesions of the chickens in-contact with those inoculated with reisolates were not significantly different to those of chickens in-contact with MS-H inoculated chickens, suggesting that horizontal transmission of the reisolates in the poultry flock will not lead to higher pathogenicity or clinical signs. These results suggest a significant role of GAPDH and/or cumulative effect of ObgE, OppF and GAPDH on M. synoviae pathogenicity. Future experiments will be required to investigate the effect of single mutations in gapdh or oppF gene on pathogenicity of M. synoviae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Klose
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Oluwadamilola S. Omotainse
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Sahar Zare
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Paola K. Vaz
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Parisa Armat
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pollob Shil
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadeeka Wawegama
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Kanci Condello
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise O'Rourke
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Jillian F. Disint
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Chris J. Morrow
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Bioproperties Pty Ltd., Ringwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc S. Marenda
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir H. Noormohammadi
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
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Kunitomi A, Hirohata R, Arreola V, Osawa M, Kato TM, Nomura M, Kawaguchi J, Hara H, Kusano K, Takashima Y, Takahashi K, Fukuda K, Takasu N, Yamanaka S. Improved Sendai viral system for reprogramming to naive pluripotency. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100317. [PMID: 36447645 PMCID: PMC9701587 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Naive human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated by reprogramming somatic cells with Sendai virus (SeV) vectors. However, only dermal fibroblasts have been successfully reprogrammed this way, and the process requires culture on feeder cells. Moreover, SeV vectors are highly persistent and inhibit subsequent differentiation of iPSCs. Here, we report a modified SeV vector system to generate transgene-free naive human iPSCs with superior differentiation potential. The modified method can be applied not only to fibroblasts but also to other somatic cell types. SeV vectors disappear quickly at early passages, and this approach enables the generation of naive iPSCs in a feeder-free culture. The naive iPSCs generated by this method show better differentiation to trilineage and extra-embryonic trophectoderm than those derived by conventional methods. This method can expand the application of iPSCs to research on early human development and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kunitomi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ryoko Hirohata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Vanessa Arreola
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoaki M. Kato
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Hara
- ID Pharma Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- CiRA Foundation, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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van Dis NE, Risse JE, Pijl AS, Hut RA, Visser ME, Wertheim B. Transcriptional regulation underlying the temperature response of embryonic development rate in the winter moth. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5795-5812. [PMID: 36161402 PMCID: PMC9828122 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will strongly affect the developmental timing of insects, as their development rate depends largely on ambient temperature. However, we know little about the genetic mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity of embryonic development in insects. We investigated embryonic development rate in the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), a species with egg dormancy which has been under selection due to climate change. We used RNA sequencing to investigate which genes are involved in the regulation of winter moth embryonic development rate in response to temperature. Over the course of development, we sampled eggs before and after an experimental change in ambient temperature, including two early development weeks when the temperature sensitivity of eggs is low and two late development weeks when temperature sensitivity is high. We found temperature-responsive genes that responded in a similar way across development, as well as genes with a temperature response specific to a particular development week. Moreover, we identified genes whose temperature effect size changed around the switch in temperature sensitivity of development rate. Interesting candidate genes for regulating the temperature sensitivity of egg development rate included genes involved in histone modification, hormonal signalling, nervous system development and circadian clock genes. The diverse sets of temperature-responsive genes we found here indicate that there are many potential targets of selection to change the temperature sensitivity of embryonic development rate. Identifying for which of these genes there is genetic variation in wild insect populations will give insight into their adaptive potential in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. van Dis
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Judith E. Risse
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Agata S. Pijl
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Roelof A. Hut
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel E. Visser
- Department of Animal EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bregje Wertheim
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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40
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Hong C, Daughtrey M, Howle M, Schirmer S, Kosta K, Kong P, Likins M, Suslow K. Rapid Decline of Calonectria pseudonaviculata Soil Population in Selected Gardens Across the United States. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2831-2838. [PMID: 35486597 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-22-0443-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps) poses a serious threat to boxwood, an iconic landscape plant in American and European gardens. Under the mild climatic conditions of the United Kingdom, Cps remained recoverable in infected leaf debris after being left on the soil surface or buried for 5 years. The primary objective of this study was to determine how this fungus may be affected by the warmer summers and colder winters in the United States by sampling and baiting soil with boxwood cuttings and by on-site testing with sentinel plants. Soil sampling started in a Virginia garden in January 2016 and was extended to California, Illinois, New York, and South Carolina in early summer of 2017 through late fall of 2018. The Cps soil population as measured by the percentage of infected bait leaves declined sharply within the first year of blighted boxwood removal and fell to an almost undetectable level at the end of this study. To validate these baiting results, the Virginia garden was tested on site four times with container-grown boxwood plants while the South Carolina garden and three New York gardens were tested once. Each test began with sentinel plants set out for field exposure, followed by evaluation on site and then in the laboratory after plants were retrieved from these gardens and incubated under conducive environments for 2 weeks. Cps was not observed on any sentinel boxwood plant on site or in the laboratory with one exception. These observations indicate that Cps did not survive in the United States garden soil over time as well as it did in the United Kingdom. These results have important practical implications while challenging the notion that fungi producing microsclerotia will always survive in the soil for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxue Hong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455
| | - Margery Daughtrey
- Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901
| | - Matthew Howle
- Department of Plant Industry, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506
| | - Scott Schirmer
- Bureau of Environmental Programs, Illinois Department of Agriculture, DeKalb, IL 60115
| | - Kathleen Kosta
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95814
| | - Ping Kong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Virginia Beach, VA 23455
| | - Michael Likins
- Chesterfield Cooperative Extension, Chesterfield Co., VA 23832
| | - Karen Suslow
- National Ornamental Research Site at Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901
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Zhao B, Ballantyne AP, Meng S, Zhao G, Zheng Z, Zhu J, Cao J, Zhang Y, Zhao X. Understory plant removal counteracts tree thinning effect on soil respiration in a temperate forest. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6102-6113. [PMID: 35833875 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the response mechanism of soil respiration (Rs) to silvicultural practices is pivotal to evaluating the effects of management practices on soil carbon cycling in planted forest ecosystems. However, as common management practices, how thinning, understory plant removal, and their interactions affect Rs and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components (Ra and Rh) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated Rs, Ra and Rh by the trenching method from 2011 to 2015 in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in northern China, subjecting to four treatments (intact control plots [CK], thinning [T], understory removal [UR], and thinning with understory removal [TUR]). Mean annual Rs was significantly increased by thinning (by 15.3%), whereas decreased by UR (by 17.4%), compared with CK. These variations in Rs were mainly attributed to changes in Ra. The increments of Ra were caused by the enhanced growth of fine root biomass after thinning. However, UR led to lower Ra compared with CK (p < .05), indicating that understory growth is inadequate to compensate for the decreased respiring root biomass induced by understory removal. Rs was unchanged between TUR and the intact control plot due to the opposite effects of thinning and UR on the Ra. Changes in Rh exhibited no significant differences among the treatments, partly because of the stable microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and forest floor mass (litter and fine woody debris). No interaction effect between thinning and understory removal was detected on Rs, Ra, and Rh. The lowest temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) value of Ra was found in CK. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating understory plant effects on soil CO2 efflux in assessing forest management practices on soil carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ashley P Ballantyne
- College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhoutao Zheng
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Zhu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Urban and Environmental Science and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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42
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Keep S, Stevenson-Leggett P, Dowgier G, Foldes K, Webb I, Fones A, Littolff K, Everest H, Britton P, Bickerton E. A Temperature-Sensitive Recombinant of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Provides Complete Protection against Homologous Challenge. J Virol 2022; 96:e0110022. [PMID: 35972294 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01100-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the etiological agent of infectious bronchitis, an acute highly contagious economically relevant respiratory disease of poultry. Vaccination is used to control IBV infections, with live-attenuated vaccines generated via serial passage of a virulent field isolate through embryonated hens' eggs. A fine balance must be achieved between attenuation and the retention of immunogenicity. The exact molecular mechanism of attenuation is unknown, and vaccines produced in this manner present a risk of reversion to virulence as few consensus level changes are acquired. Our previous research resulted in the generation of a recombinant IBV (rIBV) known as M41-R, based on a pathogenic strain M41-CK. M41-R was attenuated in vivo by two amino acid changes, Nsp10-Pro85Leu and Nsp14-Val393Leu; however, the mechanism of attenuation was not determined. Pro85 and Val393 were found to be conserved among not only IBV strains but members of the wider coronavirus family. This study demonstrates that the same changes are associated with a temperature-sensitive (ts) replication phenotype at 41°C in vitro, suggesting that the two phenotypes may be linked. Vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with M41-R induced 100% protection against clinical disease, tracheal ciliary damage, and challenge virus replication following homologous challenge with virulent M41-CK. Temperature sensitivity has been used to rationally attenuate other viral pathogens, including influenza, and the identification of amino acid changes that impart both a ts and an attenuated phenotype may therefore offer an avenue for future coronavirus vaccine development. IMPORTANCE Infectious bronchitis virus is a pathogen of economic and welfare concern for the global poultry industry. Live-attenuated vaccines against are generated by serial passage of a virulent isolate in embryonated eggs until attenuation is achieved. The exact mechanisms of attenuation are unknown, and vaccines produced have a risk of reversion to virulence. Reverse genetics provides a method to generate vaccines that are rationally attenuated and are more stable with respect to back selection due to their clonal origin. Genetic populations resulting from molecular clones are more homogeneous and lack the presence of parental pathogenic viruses, which generation by multiple passage does not. In this study, we identified two amino acids that impart a temperature-sensitive replication phenotype. Immunogenicity is retained and vaccination results in 100% protection against homologous challenge. Temperature sensitivity, used for the development of vaccines against other viruses, presents a method for the development of coronavirus vaccines.
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43
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Hou N, Li J, Li X, Cui Y, Xiong D, Cui X. Study on Toughening and Temperature Sensitivity of Polyurethane Cement (PUC). Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4318. [PMID: 35744376 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane cement (PUC) is now commonly used in the reinforcement of old bridges, which exhibit various issues such as poor toughness, temperature-sensitive mechanical properties, and brittle failure. These problems can lead to the failure of the reinforcement effect of the PUC on old bridges in certain operating environments, leading to the collapse of such reinforced bridges. In order to alleviate these shortcomings, in this study, the toughness of PUC is improved by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber. In addition, we study the change law of the flexural strength of PUC between −40 °C and +40 °C. The control parameters evaluated are fiber type, fiber volume ratio, and temperature. A series of flexural tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test results show that the flexural strength first increases and then decreases with the increase in the volume-doping ratio of the three fibers. The optimum volume-mixing ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber are 0.3%, 0.04% and 1%, respectively. Excessive addition of fiber will affect the operability and will adversely affect the mechanical properties. The flexural strength of both fiber-reinforced and control samples decreases with increasing temperature. Using the flexural test results, a two-factor (fiber content, temperature) BP neural network flexural strength prediction model is established. It is verified that the model is effective and accurate, and the experimental value and the predicted value are in good agreement.
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44
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Hixson JL, Ward AS. Hardware Selection and Performance of Low-Cost Fluorometers. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22062319. [PMID: 35336488 PMCID: PMC8954410 DOI: 10.3390/s22062319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Access to and extensive use of fluorometric analyses is limited, despite its extensive utility in environmental transport and fate. Wide-spread application of fluorescent tracers has been limited by the prohibitive costs of research-grade equipment and logistical constraints of sampling, due to the need for high spatial resolutions and access to remote locations over long timescales. Recently, low-cost alternatives to research-grade equipment have been found to produce comparable data at a small fraction of the price for commercial equipment. Here, we prototyped and benchmarked performance of a variety of fluorometer components against commercial units, including performance as a function of tracer concentration, turbidity, and temperature, all of which are known to impact fluorometer performance. While component performance was found to be comparable to the commercial units tested, the best configuration tested obtained a functional resolution of 0.1 ppb, a working concentration range of 0.1 to >300 ppb, and a cost of USD 59.13.
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45
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Dong X, Liu C, Ma D, Wu Y, Man H, Wu X, Li M, Zang S. Organic Carbon Mineralization and Bacterial Community of Active Layer Soils Response to Short-Term Warming in the Great Hing'an Mountains of Northeast China. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:802213. [PMID: 35003032 PMCID: PMC8739994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.802213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a buffer layer for the energy and water exchange between atmosphere and permafrost, the active layer is sensitive to climate warming. Changes in the thermal state in active layer can alter soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. It is critical to identify the response of soil microbial communities to warming to better predict the regional carbon cycle under the background of global warming. Here, the active layer soils collected from a wetland-forest ecotone in the continuous permafrost region of Northeastern China were incubated at 5 and 15°C for 45 days. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to examine the response of bacterial community structure to experimental warming. A total of 4148 OTUs were identified, which followed the order 15°C > 5°C > pre-incubated. Incubation temperature, soil layer and their interaction have significant effects on bacterial alpha diversity (Chao index). Bacterial communities under different temperature were clearly distinguished. Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria accounted for more than 80% of the community abundance at the phylum level. Warming decreased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, while Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria exhibited increasing trend. At family level, the abundance of norank_o__norank_c__AD3 and Ktedonobacteraceae decreased significantly with the increase of temperature, while Micrococcaccac increased. In addition, the amount of SOC mineralization were positively correlated with the relative abundances of most bacterial phyla and SOC content. SOC content was positively correlated with the relative abundance of most bacterial phyla. Results indicate that the SOC content was the primary explanatory variable and driver of microbial regulation for SOC mineralization. Our results provide a new perspective for understanding the microbial mechanisms that accelerates SOC decomposition under warming conditions in the forest-wetland ecotone of permafrost region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Dong
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Haoran Man
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwen Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
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Lyu M, Sun M, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Sun J, Chen X, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Thermal Acclimation of Foliar Carbon Metabolism in Pinus taiwanensis Along an Elevational Gradient. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:778045. [PMID: 35082808 PMCID: PMC8784779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change could negatively alter plant ecosystems if rising temperatures exceed optimal conditions for obtaining carbon. The acclimation of plants to higher temperatures could mitigate this effect, but the potential of subtropical forests to acclimate still requires elucidation. We used space-for-time substitution to determine the photosynthetic and respiratory-temperature response curves, optimal temperature of photosynthesis (T opt), photosynthetic rate at T opt, temperature sensitivity (Q 10), and the rate of respiration at a standard temperature of 25°C (R 25) for Pinus taiwanensis at five elevations (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 m) in two seasons (summer and winter) in the Wuyi Mountains in China. The response of photosynthesis in P. taiwanensis leaves to temperature at the five elevations followed parabolic curves, and the response of respiration to temperature increased with temperature. T opt was higher in summer than winter at each elevation and decreased significantly with increasing elevation. Q 10 decreased significantly with increasing elevation in summer but not winter. These results showed a strong thermal acclimation of foliar photosynthesis and respiration to current temperatures across elevations and seasons, and that R 25 increased significantly with elevation and were higher in winter than summer at each elevation indicating that the global warming can decrease R 25. These results strongly suggest that this thermal acclimation will likely occur in the coming decades under climate change, so the increase in respiration rates of P. taiwanensis in response to climatic warming may be smaller than predicted and thus may not increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Mengke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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47
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Fan L, Dippold MA, Thiel V, Ge T, Wu J, Kuzyakov Y, Dorodnikov M. Temperature sensitivity of anaerobic methane oxidation versus methanogenesis in paddy soil: Implications for the CH 4 balance under global warming. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:654-664. [PMID: 34653297 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global methane (CH4 ) budget is based on a sensitive balance between methanogenesis and CH4 oxidation (aerobic and anaerobic). The response of these processes to climate warming, however, is not quantified. This largely reflects our lack of knowledge about the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of the anaerobic oxidation of CH4 (AOM)-a ubiquitous process in soils. Based on a 13 CH4 labeling experiment, we determined the rate, Q10 and activation energy of AOM and of methanogenesis in a paddy soil at three temperatures (5, 20, 35°C). The rates of AOM and of methanogenesis increased exponentially with temperature, whereby the AOM rate was significantly lower than methanogenesis. Both the activation energy and Q10 of AOM dropped significantly from 5-20 to 20-35°C, indicating that AOM is a highly temperature-dependent microbial process. Nonetheless, the Q10 of AOM and of methanogenesis were similar at 5-35°C, implying a comparable temperature dependence of AOM and methanogenesis in paddy soil. The continuous increase of AOM Q10 over the 28-day experiment reflects the successive utilization of electron acceptors according to their thermodynamic efficiency. The basic constant for Q10 of AOM was calculated to be 0.1 units for each 3.2 kJ mol-1 increase of activation energy. We estimate the AOM in paddy soils to consume 2.2~5.5 Tg CH4 per year on a global scale. Considering these results in conjunction with literature data, the terrestrial AOM in total consumes ~30% of overall CH4 production. Our data corroborate a similar Q10 of AOM and methanogenesis. As the rate of AOM in paddy soils is lower than methanogenesis, however, it will not fully compensate for an increased methane production under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Fan
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Geobiology, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tida Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Maxim Dorodnikov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
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Alves RJE, Callejas IA, Marschmann GL, Mooshammer M, Singh HW, Whitney B, Torn MS, Brodie EL. Kinetic Properties of Microbial Exoenzymes Vary With Soil Depth but Have Similar Temperature Sensitivities Through the Soil Profile. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735282. [PMID: 34917043 PMCID: PMC8669745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of the mechanisms driving soil organic matter (SOM) turnover and responses to warming is mainly limited to surface soils, although over 50% of global soil carbon is contained in subsoils. Deep soils have different physicochemical properties, nutrient inputs, and microbiomes, which may harbor distinct functional traits and lead to different SOM dynamics and temperature responses. We hypothesized that kinetic and thermal properties of soil exoenzymes, which mediate SOM depolymerization, vary with soil depth, reflecting microbial adaptation to distinct substrate and temperature regimes. We determined the Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics of three ubiquitous enzymes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition at six soil depths down to 90 cm at a temperate forest, and their temperature sensitivity based on Arrhenius/Q10 and Macromolecular Rate Theory (MMRT) models over six temperatures between 4–50°C. Maximal enzyme velocity (Vmax) decreased strongly with depth for all enzymes, both on a dry soil mass and a microbial biomass C basis, whereas their affinities increased, indicating adaptation to lower substrate availability. Surprisingly, microbial biomass-specific catalytic efficiencies also decreased with depth, except for the P-acquiring enzyme, indicating distinct nutrient demands at depth relative to microbial abundance. These results suggested that deep soil microbiomes encode enzymes with intrinsically lower turnover and/or produce less enzymes per cell, reflecting distinct life strategies. The relative kinetics between different enzymes also varied with depth, suggesting an increase in relative P demand with depth, or that phosphatases may be involved in C acquisition. Vmax and catalytic efficiency increased consistently with temperature for all enzymes, leading to overall higher SOM-decomposition potential, but enzyme temperature sensitivity was similar at all depths and between enzymes, based on both Arrhenius/Q10 and MMRT models. In a few cases, however, temperature affected differently the kinetic properties of distinct enzymes at discrete depths, suggesting that it may alter the relative depolymerization of different compounds. We show that soil exoenzyme kinetics may reflect intrinsic traits of microbiomes adapted to distinct soil depths, although their temperature sensitivity is remarkably uniform. These results improve our understanding of critical mechanisms underlying SOM dynamics and responses to changing temperatures through the soil profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Eloy Alves
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ileana A Callejas
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gianna L Marschmann
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hans W Singh
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Bizuayehu Whitney
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Margaret S Torn
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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49
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Moinet GYK, Dhami MK, Hunt JE, Podolyan A, Liáng LL, Schipper LA, Whitehead D, Nuñez J, Nascente A, Millard P. Soil microbial sensitivity to temperature remains unchanged despite community compositional shifts along geothermal gradients. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6217-6231. [PMID: 34585498 PMCID: PMC9293425 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming may be exacerbated if rising temperatures stimulate losses of soil carbon to the atmosphere. The direction and magnitude of this carbon-climate feedback are uncertain, largely due to lack of knowledge of the thermal adaptation of the physiology and composition of soil microbial communities. Here, we applied the macromolecular rate theory (MMRT) to describe the temperature response of the microbial decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) in a natural long-term warming experiment in a geothermally active area in New Zealand. Our objective was to test whether microbial communities adapt to long-term warming with a shift in their composition and their temperature response that are consistent with evolutionary theory of trade-offs between enzyme structure and function. We characterized the microbial community composition (using metabarcoding) and the temperature response of microbial decomposition of SOM (using MMRT) of soils sampled along transects of increasing distance from a geothermally active zone comprising two biomes (a shrubland and a grassland) and sampled at two depths (0-50 and 50-100 mm), such that ambient soil temperature and soil carbon concentration varied widely and independently. We found that the different environments were hosting microbial communities with distinct compositions, with thermophile and thermotolerant genera increasing in relative abundance with increasing ambient temperature. However, the ambient temperature had no detectable influence on the MMRT parameters or the relative temperature sensitivity of decomposition (Q10 ). MMRT parameters were, however, strongly correlated with soil carbon concentration and carbon:nitrogen ratio. Our findings suggest that, while long-term warming selects for warm-adapted taxa, substrate quality and quantity exert a stronger influence than temperature in selecting for distinct thermal traits. The results have major implications for our understanding of the role of soil microbial processes in the long-term effects of climate warming on soil carbon dynamics and will help increase confidence in carbon-climate feedback projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Y. K. Moinet
- Soil Biology GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | | | - John E. Hunt
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | | | - Liyĭn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Millard
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
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50
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Liu Z, Wang J, Li C, Zheng C, Zhang B. Remarkable Temperature Sensitivity of Partially Carbonized Carbon Fibers with Different Microstructures and Compositions. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7085. [PMID: 34832484 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore effect of structure on the temperature sensitivity of partially carbonized carbon fibers, different heat treatment temperatures (700, 750 and 800 °C) and heat treatment times (3 and 9 min) were used to prepare fibers with different structures. The electrical resistivities were monitored whilst the room temperature was increased from 30 to 100 °C, which was used to characterize the temperature sensitivity. The fibers showed negative temperature coefficients in the temperature range. Infrared spectra, an element analysis, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements were used to study the microstructure of the fibers. Through the analysis, the proportions of the graphite-like structure, graphitization degree and size of the graphite-like structure crystallite influenced the temperature sensitivity. The main electron transfer method used for the fibers was variable-range hopping. This indicated that the fibers had a potential application of preparing thermistors in polymer composites.
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