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Zhao W, Hussen AS, Freudenthal BD, Suo Z, Zhao L. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) has 5'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity in vitro. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 137:103666. [PMID: 38492429 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a key role in mitochondrial and cellular functions. mtDNA is maintained by active DNA turnover and base excision repair (BER). In BER, one of the toxic repair intermediates is 5'-deoxyribose phosphate (5'dRp). Human mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ has weak dRp lyase activities, and another known dRp lyase in the nucleus, human DNA polymerase β, can also localize to mitochondria in certain cell and tissue types. Nonetheless, whether additional proteins have the ability to remove 5'dRp in mitochondria remains unknown. Our prior work on the AP lyase activity of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) has prompted us to examine its ability to remove 5'dRp residues in vitro. TFAM is the primary DNA-packaging factor in human mitochondria and interacts with mitochondrial DNA extensively. Our data demonstrate that TFAM has the dRp lyase activity with different DNA substrates. Under single-turnover conditions, TFAM removes 5'dRp residues at a rate comparable to that of DNA polymerase (pol) β, albeit slower than that of pol λ. Among the three proteins examined, pol λ shows the highest single-turnover rates in dRp lyase reactions. The catalytic effect of TFAM is facilitated by lysine residues of TFAM via Schiff base chemistry, as evidenced by the observation of dRp-lysine adducts in mass spectrometry experiments. The catalytic effect of TFAM observed here is analogous to the AP lyase activity of TFAM reported previously. Together, these results suggest a potential role of TFAM in preventing the accumulation of toxic DNA repair intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Adil S Hussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Bret D Freudenthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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Sun Y, Mu G, Zhang X, Wu Y, Wang S, Wang X, Xue Z, Wang C, Liu J, Li W, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao F, Liu X, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Ni S, Wang J, Li X, Han M, Huang B. Metabolic modulation of histone acetylation mediated by HMGCL activates the FOXM1/β-catenin pathway in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:653-669. [PMID: 38069906 PMCID: PMC10995515 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism modulates epigenetic modification, such as H3K27ac in cancer, thus providing a link between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic change, which are prominent hallmarks of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we identified mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), an enzyme involved in leucine degradation, promoting GBM progression and glioma stem cell (GSC) maintenance. METHODS In silico analysis was performed to identify specific molecules involved in multiple processes. Glioblastoma multiforme cells were infected with knockdown/overexpression lentiviral constructs of HMGCL to assess malignant performance in vitro and in an orthotopic xenograft model. RNA sequencing was used to identify potential downstream molecular targets. RESULTS HMGCL, as a gene, increased in GBM and was associated with poor survival in patients. Knockdown of HMGCL suppressed proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Acetyl-CoA was decreased with HMGCL knockdown, which led to reduced NFAT1 nuclear accumulation and H3K27ac level. RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic profiling revealed FOXM1 as a candidate downstream target, and HMGCL-mediated H3K27ac modification in the FOXM1 promoter induced transcription of the gene. Loss of FOXM1 protein with HMGCL knockdown led to decreased nuclear translocation and thus activity of β-catenin, a known oncogene. Finally, JIB-04, a small molecule confirmed to bind to HMGCL, suppressed GBM tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Changes in acetyl-CoA levels induced by HMGCL altered H3K27ac modification, which triggers transcription of FOXM1 and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Targeting HMGCL by JIB-04 inhibited tumor growth, indicating that mediators of BCAA metabolism may serve as molecular targets for effective GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjing Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunyun Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
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Rustamov J, Roh YS, Hong JT, Yoo HS. GT-11 impairs insulin signaling through modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in C2C12 myotubes. Life Sci 2024; 342:122534. [PMID: 38408637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Sphingolipids are involved in the regulation of insulin signaling, which is linked to the development of insulin resistance, leading to diabetes mellitus. We aimed to study whether modulation of sphingolipid levels by GT-11 may regulate insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes. MAIN METHODS We investigated the effects of sphingolipid metabolism on Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake using C2C12 myotubes. Either GT-11, an inhibitor of dihydroceramide desaturase 1 and S1P lyase, or siRNA targeting Sgpl1, the gene encoding the enzyme, was employed to determine the effect of sphingolipid metabolism modulation on insulin signaling. Western blotting and glucose uptake assays were used to evaluate the effect of treatments on insulin signaling. Sphingolipid metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). KEY FINDINGS Treatment with GT-11 resulted in decreased Akt phosphorylation and reduced glucose uptake. Silencing the Sgpl1 gene, which encodes S1P lyase, mimicked these findings, suggesting the potential for regulating insulin signaling through S1P lyase modulation. GT-11 modulated sphingolipid metabolism, inducing the accumulation of sphingolipids. Using PF-543 and ARN14974 to inhibit sphingosine kinases and acid ceramidase, respectively, we identified a significant interplay between sphingosine, S1P lyase, and insulin signaling. Treatment with either exogenous sphingosine or palmitic acid inhibited Akt phosphorylation, and reduced S1P lyase activity. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight the importance of close relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes, pointing to its potential therapeutic relevance for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javokhir Rustamov
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Tang X, Liu R, Mei Y, Wang D, He K, Wang NN. Identification of Key Ubiquitination Sites Involved in the Proteasomal Degradation of AtACS7 in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2931. [PMID: 38474174 PMCID: PMC10931761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gaseous hormone ethylene plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development. The rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis in seed plants is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS). ACS proteins are encoded by a multigene family and the expression of ACS genes is highly regulated, especially at a post-translational level. AtACS7, the only type III ACS in Arabidopsis, is degraded in a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Here, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, two lysine residues of AtACS7, lys285 (K285) and lys366 (K366), were revealed to be ubiquitin-modified in young, light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings but not in etiolated seedlings. Deubiquitylation-mimicking mutations of these residues significantly increased the stability of the AtACS7K285RK366R mutant protein in cell-free degradation assays. All results suggest that K285 and K366 are the major ubiquitination sites on AtACS7, providing deeper insights into the post-translational regulation of AtACS7 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaixuan He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Clérat L, Rémond E, Schneider R, Cavelier F, Vivès E. Exogenous C-S Lyase Enzyme, a Potential Tool To Release Aromas in Wine or Beer? J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1878-1884. [PMID: 37293927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Varietal thiols have an impact on the overall aroma of many white, rosé, and red wines and beers. They originate from the metabolism of non-odorant aroma precursors by yeast during the fermentation step, via an intrinsic enzyme, the carbon-sulfur β-lyase (CSL, EC 4.4.1.13). However, this metabolism is directly dependent upon efficient internalization of aroma precursors and intracellular CSL activity. Consequently, the overall CSL activity converts on average only 1% of the total precursors available. To improve the conversion of thiol precursors during winemaking or brewing, we investigated the possibility of using an exogenous CSL enzyme from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus produced in Escherichia coli. We first implemented a reliable spectrophotometric method to monitor its activity on different related aroma precursors and studied its activity in the presence of various competing analogues and at different pH values. This study allowed us to highlight the parameters to define CSL activity and structural insights for the recognition of the substrate, which pave the way for the use of exogenous CSL for the release of aromas in beer and wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Clérat
- PhyMedExp, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Oenobrands SAS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Bâtiment 5, 2196 Boulevard de la Lironde, 34980 Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rémond
- Pôle Chimie Balard, IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Rémi Schneider
- Oenobrands SAS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Bâtiment 5, 2196 Boulevard de la Lironde, 34980 Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - Florine Cavelier
- Pôle Chimie Balard, IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Vivès
- PhyMedExp, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Wei L, Liu L, Gong W. Structure of mycobacterial ergothioneine-biosynthesis C-S lyase EgtE. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105539. [PMID: 38072054 PMCID: PMC10805701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
L-ergothioneine is widely distributed among various microbes to regulate their physiology and pathogenicity within complex environments. One of the key steps in the ergothioneine-biosynthesis pathway, the C-S bond cleavage reaction, uses the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent C-S lyase to produce the final product L-ergothioneine. Here, we present the crystallographic structure of the ergothioneine-biosynthesis C-S lyase EgtE from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsEgtE) represents the first published structure of ergothioneine-biosynthesis C-S lyases in bacteria and shows the effects of active site residues on the enzymatic reaction. The MsEgtE and the previously reported ergothioneine-biosynthesis C-S lyase Egt2 from Neurospora crassa (NcEgt2) fold similarly. However, discrepancies arise in terms of substrate recognition, as observed through sequence and structure comparison of MsEgtE and NcEgt2. The structural-based sequence alignment of the ergothioneine-biosynthesis C-S lyase from fungi and bacteria shows clear distinctions among the recognized substrate residues, but Arg348 is critical and an extremely conserved residue for substrate recognition. The α14 helix is exclusively found in the bacteria EgtE, which represent the most significant difference between bacteria EgtE and fungi Egt2, possibly resulting from the convergent evolution of bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Weimin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Dekant R, Bertermann R, Serban J, Sharma S, Shinohara M, Morizawa Y, Okamoto H, Brock W, Dekant W, Mally A. Species-differences in the in vitro biotransformation of trifluoroethene (HFO-1123). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3095-3111. [PMID: 37792044 PMCID: PMC10567879 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
1,1,2-Trifluoroethene (HFO-1123) is anticipated for use as a refrigerant with low global warming potential. Inhalation studies on HFO-1123 in rats indicated a low potential for toxicity (NOAELs ≥ 20,000 ppm). In contrast, single inhalation exposure of Goettingen® minipigs (≥ 500 ppm) and New Zealand white rabbits (≥ 1250 ppm) resulted in severe toxicity. It has been suggested that these pronounced species-differences in toxicity may be attributable to species-differences in biotransformation of HFO-1123 via the mercapturic acid pathway. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to evaluate species-differences in glutathione (GSH) dependent in vitro metabolism of HFO-1123 in susceptible versus less susceptible species and humans as a basis for human risk assessment. Biotransformation of HFO-1123 to S-(1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-glutathione (1123-GSH) and subsequent cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase-mediated cleavage of the corresponding cysteine conjugate (1123-CYS) was monitored in hepatic and renal subcellular fractions of mice, rats, minipigs, rabbits, and humans. While 1123-GSH formation occurred at higher rates in rat and rabbit liver S9 compared to minipig and human S9, increased β-lyase cleavage of 1123-CYS was observed in minipig kidney cytosol as compared to cytosolic fractions of other species. Increased β-lyase activity in minipig cytosol was accompanied by time-dependent formation of monofluoroacetic acid (MFA), a highly toxic compound that interferes with cellular energy production via inhibition of aconitase. Consistent with the significantly lower β-lyase activity in human cytosols, the intensity of the MFA signal in human cytosols was only a fraction of the signal obtained in minipig subcellular fractions. Even though the inconsistencies between GSH and β-lyase-dependent metabolism do not allow to draw a firm conclusion on the overall contribution of the mercapturic acid pathway to HFO-1123 biotransformation and toxicity in vivo, the β-lyase data suggest that humans may be less susceptible to HFO-1123 toxicity compared to minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Bertermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Serban
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Shinohara
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - Y Morizawa
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - W Brock
- Brook Scientific Consulting LLC, Hilton Head Island, SC, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Brack Y, Sun C, Yi D, Bornscheuer UT. Exploring the Substrate Switch Motif of Aromatic Ammonia Lyases. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300584. [PMID: 37747300 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic ammonia lyases (AALs) are important enzymes for biocatalysis as they enable the asymmetric synthesis of chiral l-α-amino acids from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated precursors. AALs have very similar protein structures and active site pockets but exhibit strict substrate specificity towards tyrosine, phenylalanine, or histidine. Herein, through systematic bioinformatics and structural analysis, we discovered eight new motifs of amino acid residues in AALs. After introducing them - as well as four already known motifs - into different AALs, we learned that altering the substrate specificity by engineering the substrate switch motif in phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs), phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyases (PTALs), and tyrosine ammonia lyases (TALs) was only partially successful. However, we discovered that three previously unknown residue combinations introduced a substrate switch from tyrosine to phenylalanine in TAL, which was converted up to 20-fold better compared to the wild-type TAL enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Brack
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chenghai Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Gebaini Road 285, 201203, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Wagner JM, Wille A, Fueth M, Weske S, Lotzien S, Reinkemeier F, Wallner C, Sogorski A, Dittfeld S, Becerikli M, Schildhauer TA, Lehnhardt M, Levkau B, Behr B. Pharmacological elevation of sphingosine-1-phosphate by S1P lyase inhibition accelerates bone regeneration after post-traumatic osteomyelitis. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3786-3795. [PMID: 37710406 PMCID: PMC10718149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic osteomyelitis and the ensuing bone defects are a debilitating complication after open fractures with little therapeutic options. We have recently identified potent osteoanabolic effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signalling and have now tested whether it may beneficially affect bone regeneration after infection. We employed pharmacological S1P lyase inhibition by 4-deoxypyrodoxin (DOP) to raise S1P levels in vivo in an unicortical long bone defect model of posttraumatic osteomyelitis in mice. In a translational approach, human bone specimens of clinical osteomyelitis patients were treated in organ culture in vitro with DOP. Bone regeneration was assessed by μCT, histomorphometry, immunohistology and gene expression analysis. The role of S1P receptors was addressed using S1PR3 deficient mice. Here, we present data that DOP treatment markedly enhanced osteogenesis in posttraumatic osteomyelitis. This was accompanied by greatly improved osteoblastogenesis and enhanced angiogenesis in the callus accompanied by osteoclast-mediated bone remodelling. We also identified the target of increased S1P to be the S1PR3 as S1PR3-/- mice showed no improvement of bone regeneration by DOP. In the human bone explants, bone mass significantly increased along with enhanced osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Our data suggest that enhancement of S1P/S1PR3 signalling may be a promising therapeutic target for bone regeneration in posttraumatic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. Wagner
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
- Department of Trauma Surgery and General SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Annalena Wille
- Institute of Molecular Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria Fueth
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Sarah Weske
- Institute of Molecular Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sebastian Lotzien
- Department of Trauma Surgery and General SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Felix Reinkemeier
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Alexander Sogorski
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Stephanie Dittfeld
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Thomas A. Schildhauer
- Department of Trauma Surgery and General SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic SurgeryBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochumGermany
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10
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Takanezawa Y, Ishikawa K, Nakayama S, Nakamura R, Ohshiro Y, Uraguchi S, Kiyono M. Conversion of methylmercury into inorganic mercury via organomercurial lyase (MerB) activates autophagy and aggresome formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19958. [PMID: 37968352 PMCID: PMC10651920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is converted to inorganic mercury (iHg) in several organs; however, its impact on tissues and cells remains poorly understood. Previously, we established a bacterial organomercury lyase (MerB)-expressing mammalian cell line to overcome the low cell permeability of iHg and investigate its effects. Here, we elucidated the cytotoxic effects of the resultant iHg on autophagy and deciphered their relationship. Treatment of MerB-expressing cells with MeHg significantly increases the mRNA and protein levels of LC3B and p62, which are involved in autophagosome formation and substrate recognition, respectively. Autophagic flux assays using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) revealed that MeHg treatment activates autophagy in MerB-expressing cells but not in wild-type cells. Additionally, MeHg treatment induces the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and p62, specifically in MerB-expressing cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that large ubiquitinated protein aggregates (aggresomes) associated with p62 are formed transiently in the perinuclear region of MerB-expressing cells upon MeHg exposure. Meanwhile, inhibition of autophagic flux decreases the MeHg-induced cell viability of MerB-expressing cells. Overall, our results imply that cells regulate aggresome formation and autophagy activation by activating LC3B and p62 to prevent cytotoxicity caused by iHg. These findings provide insights into the role of autophagy against iHg-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Takanezawa
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ishikawa
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakayama
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuka Ohshiro
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Kiyono
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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11
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Shvarev D, Scholz AI, Moeller A. Conformational variability of cyanobacterial ChlI, the AAA+ motor of magnesium chelatase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. mBio 2023; 14:e0189323. [PMID: 37737632 PMCID: PMC10653834 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01893-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Photosynthesis is an essential life process that relies on chlorophyll. In photosynthetic organisms, chlorophyll synthesis involves multiple steps and depends on magnesium chelatase. This enzyme complex is responsible for inserting magnesium into the chlorophyll precursor, but the molecular mechanism of this process is not fully understood. By using cryogenic electron microscopy and conducting functional analyses, we have discovered that the motor subunit ChlI of magnesium chelatase undergoes conformational changes in the presence of ATP. Our findings offer new insights into how energy is transferred from ChlI to the other components of magnesium chelatase. This information significantly contributes to our understanding of the initial step in chlorophyll biosynthesis and lays the foundation for future studies on the entire process of chlorophyll production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Shvarev
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Alischa Ira Scholz
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Arne Moeller
- Structural Biology Section, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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12
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Coimbra JTS, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ. Deciphering the Catalytic Mechanism of Virginiamycin B Lyase with Multiscale Methods and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6354-6365. [PMID: 37791530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the need to explore novel antibiotics and/or novel strategies to counter antibiotic resistance is of utmost importance. In this work, we explored the molecular and mechanistic details of the degradation of a streptogramin B antibiotic by virginiamycin B (Vgb) lyase of Staphylococcus aureus using classical molecular dynamics simulations and multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. Our results were in line with available experimental kinetic information. Although we were able to identify a stepwise mechanism, in the wild-type enzyme, the intermediate is short-lived, showing a small barrier to decay to the product state. The impact of point mutations on the reaction was also assessed, showing not only the importance of active site residues to the reaction catalyzed by Vgb lyase but also of near positive and negative residues surrounding the active site. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we also predicted the most likely protonation state of the 3-hydroxypicolinic moiety of the antibiotic and the impact of mutants on antibiotic binding. All this information will expand our understanding of linearization reactions of cyclic antibiotics, which are crucial for the development of novel strategies that aim to tackle antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- João T S Coimbra
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Winter MG, Hughes ER, Muramatsu MK, Jimenez AG, Chanin RB, Spiga L, Gillis CC, McClelland M, Andrews-Polymenis H, Winter SE. Formate oxidation in the intestinal mucus layer enhances fitness of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. mBio 2023; 14:e0092123. [PMID: 37498116 PMCID: PMC10470504 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00921-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium induces intestinal inflammation to create a niche that fosters the outgrowth of the pathogen over the gut microbiota. Under inflammatory conditions, Salmonella utilizes terminal electron acceptors generated as byproducts of intestinal inflammation to generate cellular energy through respiration. However, the electron donating reactions in these electron transport chains are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how formate utilization through the respiratory formate dehydrogenase-N (FdnGHI) and formate dehydrogenase-O (FdoGHI) contribute to gut colonization of Salmonella. Both enzymes fulfilled redundant roles in enhancing fitness in a mouse model of Salmonella-induced colitis, and coupled to tetrathionate, nitrate, and oxygen respiration. The formic acid utilized by Salmonella during infection was generated by its own pyruvate-formate lyase as well as the gut microbiota. Transcription of formate dehydrogenases and pyruvate-formate lyase was significantly higher in bacteria residing in the mucus layer compared to the lumen. Furthermore, formate utilization conferred a more pronounced fitness advantage in the mucus, indicating that formate production and degradation occurred predominantly in the mucus layer. Our results provide new insights into how Salmonella adapts its energy metabolism to the local microenvironment in the gut. IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens must not only evade immune responses but also adapt their metabolism to successfully colonize their host. The microenvironments encountered by enteric pathogens differ based on anatomical location, such as small versus large intestine, spatial stratification by host factors, such as mucus layer and antimicrobial peptides, and distinct commensal microbial communities that inhabit these microenvironments. Our understanding of how Salmonella populations adapt its metabolism to different environments in the gut is incomplete. In the current study, we discovered that Salmonella utilizes formate as an electron donor to support respiration, and that formate oxidation predominantly occurs in the mucus layer. Our experiments suggest that spatially distinct Salmonella populations in the mucus layer and the lumen differ in their energy metabolism. Our findings enhance our understanding of the spatial nature of microbial metabolism and may have implications for other enteric pathogens as well as commensal host-associated microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew K. Muramatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Angel G. Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rachael B. Chanin
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caroline C. Gillis
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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14
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Mizuno A, Toyama T, Ichikawa A, Sakai N, Yoshioka Y, Nishito Y, Toga R, Amesaka H, Kaneko T, Arisawa K, Tsutsumi R, Mita Y, Tanaka SI, Noguchi N, Saito Y. An efficient selenium transport pathway of selenoprotein P utilizing a high-affinity ApoER2 receptor variant and being independent of selenocysteine lyase. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105009. [PMID: 37406814 PMCID: PMC10407282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P (SeP, encoded by the SELENOP gene) is a plasma protein that contains selenium in the form of selenocysteine residues (Sec, a cysteine analog containing selenium instead of sulfur). SeP functions for the transport of selenium to specific tissues in a receptor-dependent manner. Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) has been identified as a SeP receptor. However, diverse variants of ApoER2 have been reported, and the details of its tissue specificity and the molecular mechanism of its efficiency remain unclear. In the present study, we found that human T lymphoma Jurkat cells have a high ability to utilize selenium via SeP, while this ability was low in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. We identified an ApoER2 variant with a high affinity for SeP in Jurkat cells. This variant had a dissociation constant value of 0.67 nM and a highly glycosylated O-linked sugar domain. Moreover, the acidification of intracellular vesicles was necessary for selenium transport via SeP in both cell types. In rhabdomyosarcoma cells, SeP underwent proteolytic degradation in lysosomes and transported selenium in a Sec lyase-dependent manner. However, in Jurkat cells, SeP transported selenium in Sec lyase-independent manner. These findings indicate a preferential selenium transport pathway involving SeP and high-affinity ApoER2 in a Sec lyase-independent manner. Herein, we provide a novel dynamic transport pathway for selenium via SeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuya Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakai
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshioka
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yukina Nishito
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Renya Toga
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Amesaka
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kaneko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotoko Arisawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mita
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; The Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan.
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15
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Mori K, Naganuma T, Kihara A. Role of 2-hydroxy acyl-CoA lyase HACL2 in odd-chain fatty acid production via α-oxidation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar85. [PMID: 37285239 PMCID: PMC10398889 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most fatty acids (FAs) are even chain, certain tissues, including brain, contain relatively large quantities of odd-chain FAs in their sphingolipids. One of the pathways producing odd-chain FAs is the α-oxidation of 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs, where 2-OH acyl-CoA lyases (HACL1 and HACL2) catalyze the key cleavage reaction. However, the contribution of each HACL to odd-chain FA production in vivo remains unknown. Here, we found that HACL2 and HACL1 play major roles in the α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs (especially very-long-chain types) and 3-methyl FAs (other α-oxidation substrates), respectively, using ectopic expression systems of human HACL2 and HACL1 in yeast and analyzing Hacl1 and/or Hacl2 knockout (KO) CHO-K1 cells. We then generated Hacl2 KO mice and measured the quantities of odd-chain and 2-OH lipids (free FAs and sphingolipids [ceramides, sphingomyelins, and monohexosylceramides]) in 17 tissues. We observed fewer odd-chain lipids and more 2-OH lipids in many tissues of Hacl2 KO mice than in wild-type mice, and of these differences the reductions were most prominent for odd-chain monohexosylceramides in the brain and ceramides in the stomach. These results indicate that HACL2-involved α-oxidation of 2-OH FAs is mainly responsible for odd-chain FA production in the brain and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Mori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Naganuma
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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16
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Xu C, Sun L, Mei Y, Sun G, Li W, Wang D, Li X, Wang NN. Domain Swapping between AtACS7 and PpACL1 Results in Chimeric ACS-like Proteins with ACS or C β-S Lyase Single Enzymatic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032956. [PMID: 36769285 PMCID: PMC9917878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gaseous hormone ethylene plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. In seed plants, the key rate-limiting enzyme that controls ethylene biosynthesis is ACC synthase (ACS). ACS has, for a long time, been believed to be a single-activity enzyme until we recently discovered that it also possesses Cβ-S lyase (CSL) activity. This discovery raises fundamental questions regarding the biological significance of the dual enzymatic activities of ACS. To address these issues, it is highly necessary to obtain ACS mutants with either ACS or CSL single activity. Here, domain swapping between Arabidopsis AtACS7 and moss CSL PpACL1 were performed. Enzymatic activity assays of the constructed chimeras revealed that, R10, which was produced by replacing AtACS7 box 6 with that of PpACL1, lost ACS but retained CSL activity, whereas R12 generated by box 4 substitution lost CSL and only had ACS activity. The activities of both chimeric proteins were compared with previously obtained single-activity mutants including R6, AtACS7Q98A, and AtACS7D245N. All the results provided new insights into the key residues required for ACS and CSL activities of AtACS7 and laid an important foundation for further in-depth study of the biological functions of its dual enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gongling Sun
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Gogar RK, Carroll F, Conte JV, Nasef M, Dunkle JA, Frantom PA. The β-latch structural element of the SufS cysteine desulfurase mediates active site accessibility and SufE transpersulfurase positioning. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102966. [PMID: 36736428 PMCID: PMC10011822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Under oxidative stress and iron starvation conditions, Escherichia coli uses the Suf pathway to assemble iron-sulfur clusters. The Suf pathway mobilizes sulfur via SufS, a type II cysteine desulfurase. SufS is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that uses cysteine to generate alanine and an active-site persulfide (C364-S-S-). The SufS persulfide is protected from external oxidants/reductants and requires the transpersulfurase, SufE, to accept the persulfide to complete the SufS catalytic cycle. Recent reports on SufS identified a conserved "β-latch" structural element that includes the α6 helix, a glycine-rich loop, a β-hairpin, and a cis-proline residue. To identify a functional role for the β-latch, we used site-directed mutagenesis to obtain the N99D and N99A SufS variants. N99 is a conserved residue that connects the α6 helix to the backbone of the glycine-rich loop via hydrogen bonds. Our x-ray crystal structures for N99A and N99D SufS show a distorted beta-hairpin and glycine-rich loop, respectively, along with changes in the dimer geometry. The structural disruption of the N99 variants allowed the external reductant TCEP to react with the active-site C364-persulfide intermediate to complete the SufS catalytic cycle in the absence of SufE. The substitutions also appear to disrupt formation of a high-affinity, close approach SufS-SufE complex as measured with fluorescence polarization. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the β-latch does not affect the chemistry of persulfide formation but does protect it from undesired reductants. The data also indicate the β-latch plays an unexpected role in forming a close approach SufS-SufE complex to promote persulfide transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajleen K Gogar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Franki Carroll
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Juliana V Conte
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohamed Nasef
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Jack A Dunkle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
| | - Patrick A Frantom
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
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18
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Zhong C, Xiong G, Yang H, Du X, Du J, Yao F, Fang W, Deng Y. Phosphorylation by IKKβ Promotes the Degradation of HMGCL via NEDD4 in Lung Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1110-1122. [PMID: 36923932 PMCID: PMC10008690 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and metabolic reprogramming are hallmarks of cancer. How inflammation regulates cancer metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL), the enzyme that catalyzes the catabolism of leucine and promotes the synthesis of ketone bodies, was downregulated in lung cancer. Downregulation of HMGCL was associated with a larger tumor size and a shorter overall survival time. In a functional study, overexpression of HMGCL increased the content of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and inhibited the tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells, and deletion of HMGCL promoted de novo tumorigenesis in KP (KrasG12D;P53f/f) mice. Mechanistically, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) treatment decreased the HMGCL protein level, and IKKβ interacted with HMGCL and phosphorylated it at Ser258, which destabilized HMGCL. Moreover, NEDD4 was identified as the E3 ligase for HMGCL and promoted its degradation. In addition, mutation of Ser258 to alanine inhibited the ubiquitination of HMGCL by NEDD4 and thus inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cells more efficiently than did wild-type HMGCL. In summary, this study demonstrated a link between TNFα-mediated inflammation and cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Haitang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiankui Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Yuezhen Deng, ; Wentao Fang, ; Feng Yao,
| | - Wentao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Yuezhen Deng, ; Wentao Fang, ; Feng Yao,
| | - Yuezhen Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Yuezhen Deng, ; Wentao Fang, ; Feng Yao,
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19
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Wang Z, Wei X, Wang Y, Sun M, Zhao P, Wang Q, Yang B, Li J, Jiang YQ. WRKY29 transcription factor regulates ethylene biosynthesis and response in arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:134-145. [PMID: 36403487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous phytohormone ethylene participates in a lot of physiological processes in plants. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) and the ACC oxidase (ACO, EC 1.14.17.4) are key enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis. However, how ACSs and ACOs are regulated at the transcriptional level is largely unknown. In the present study, we showed that an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) WRKY-type transcription factor (TF), WRKY29 positively regulated the expression of ACS5, ACS6, ACS8, ACS11 and ACO5 genes and thus promoted basal ethylene production. WRKY29 protein was localized in nuclei and was a transcriptional activator. Overexpression of WRKY29 caused pleiotropic effect on plant growth, development and showed obvious response even without ACC treatment. Inducible overexpression of WRKY29 also reduced primary root elongation and lateral root growth. A triple response assay of overexpression and mutant seedlings of WRKY29 showed that overexpression seedlings had shorter hypocotyls than the transgenic GFP (Green Fluorescence Protein) control, while mutants had no difference from wild-type. A qRT-PCR assay demonstrated that expression of multiple ACSs and ACO5 was up-regulated in WRKY29 overexpression plants. A transactivation assay through dual luciferase reporter system confirmed the regulation of promoters of ACS5, ACS6, ACS8, ACS11 and ACO5 by WRKY29. Both in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)- quantitative PCR and in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that WRKY29 directly bound to the promoter regions of its target genes. Taken together, these results suggest that WRKY29 is a novel TF positively regulating ethylene production by modulating the expression of ACS and ACO genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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20
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Guo Z, Jalalah M, Alsareii SA, Harraz FA, Thakur N, Salama ES. Biochar addition augmented the microbial community and aided the digestion of high-loading slaughterhouse waste: Active enzymes of bacteria and archaea. Chemosphere 2022; 309:136535. [PMID: 36150484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biogas production (BP), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), microbial communities, and microbes' active enzymes were studied upon the addition of biochar (0-1.5%) at 6% and 8% slaughterhouse waste (SHW) loadings. The 0.5% biochar enhanced BP by 1.5- and 1.6-folds in 6% and 8% SHW-loaded reactors, respectively. Increasing the biochar up to 1.5% caused a reduction in BP at 6% SHW. However, the BP from 8% of SHW was enhanced by 1.4-folds at 1.5% biochar. The VFAs production in all 0.5% biochar amended reactors was highly significant compared to control (p-value < 0.05). The biochar addition increased the bacterial and archaeal diversity at both 6% and 8% SHW loadings. The highest number of OTUs at 0.5% biochar were 567 and 525 in 6% and 8% SHW, respectively. Biochar prompted the Clostridium abundance and increased the lyases and transaminases involved in the degradation of lipids and protein, respectively. Biochar addition improved the Methanosaeta and Methanosphaera abundance in which the major enzymes were reductase and hydrogenase. The archaeal enzymes showed mixed acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A Alsareii
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, P.O. Box: 1988, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nandini Thakur
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
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21
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Katayama N, Osanai T. Arginine inhibition of the argininosuccinate lyases is conserved among three orders in cyanobacteria. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 110:13-22. [PMID: 35583703 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed different catalytic efficiencies of cyanobacterial argininosuccinate lyases in non-nitrogen-fixing and nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, demonstrating that L-arginine inhibition of L-argininosuccinate lyase is conserved among enzymes of three cyanobacterial orders. Arginine is a nitrogen-rich amino acid that uses a nitrogen reservoir, and its biosynthesis is strictly controlled by feedback inhibition. Argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1) is the final enzyme in arginine biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of argininosuccinate to L-arginine and fumarate. Cyanobacteria synthesize intracellular cyanophycin, which is a nitrogen reservoir composed of aspartate and arginine. Arginine is an important source of nitrogen for cyanobacteria. We expressed and purified argininosuccinate lyases, ArgHs, from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, and Arthrospira platensis NIES-39. The catalytic efficiency of the Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 ArgH was 2.8-fold higher than those of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Arthrospira platensis NIES-39. All three ArgHs were inhibited in the presence of arginine, and their inhibitory effects were lowered at pH 7.0, compared to those at pH 8.0. These results indicate that arginine inhibition of ArgH is widely conserved among the three cyanobacterial orders. The current results demonstrate the conserved regulation of enzymes in the cyanobacterial aspartase/fumarase superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Katayama
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Osanai
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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22
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Neiers F, Gourrat K, Canon F, Schwartz M. Metabolism of Cysteine Conjugates and Production of Flavor Sulfur Compounds by a Carbon-Sulfur Lyase from the Oral Anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9969-9979. [PMID: 35920882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flavor perception is a key factor in the acceptance or rejection of food. Aroma precursors such as cysteine conjugates are present in various plant-based foods and are metabolized into odorant thiols in the oral cavity. To date, the involved enzymes are unknown, despite previous studies pointing out the likely involvement of carbon-sulfur lyases (C-S lyases) from the oral microbiota. In this study, we show that saliva metabolizes allyl-cysteine into odorant thiol metabolites, with evidence suggesting that microbial pyridoxal phosphate-dependent C-S lyases are involved in the enzymatic process. A phylogenetic analysis of PatB C-S lyase sequences in four oral subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum was carried out and led to the identification of several putative targets. FnaPatB1 from F. nucleatum subspecies animalis, a putative C-S lyase, was characterized and showed high activity with a range of cysteine conjugates. Enzymatic and X-ray crystallographic data showed that FnaPatB1 metabolizes cysteine derivatives within a unique active site environment that enables the formation of flavor sulfur compounds. Using an enzymatic screen with a library of pure compounds, we identified several inhibitors able to reduce the C-S lyase activity of FnaPatB1 in vitro, which paves the way for controlling the release of odorant sulfur compounds from their cysteine precursors in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Neiers
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behavior (CSGA), INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Institut Agro, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Karine Gourrat
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behavior (CSGA), INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Institut Agro, F-21000 Dijon, France
- PROBE Research Infrastructure, Chemosens Facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Francis Canon
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behavior (CSGA), INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Institut Agro, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Schwartz
- Centre for Taste and Feeding Behavior (CSGA), INRAE, CNRS, University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Institut Agro, F-21000 Dijon, France
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23
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Wang Z, He F, Mu Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu D, Yang J, Jin Z, Pei Y. Identification and functional characterization of a cystathionine β-lyase (CBL) enzyme for H 2S production in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 182:76-89. [PMID: 35472754 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide or sulfur metabolism plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. Cystathionine β-lyase (CBL) is an important enzyme in methionine synthesis, but a comprehensive understanding of CBL functions is limited. As the third gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important physiological roles in plants. In this study, we found that the endogenous H2S content in Arabidopsis thaliana cbl mutants was lower than that in the wild type. Under PEG-based osmotic stress conditions, the H2S contents of CBL-overexpression (OE-CBL) plants increased significantly compared with the wild type. Additionally, the OE-CBL plants increased their tolerance to osmotic stress by increasing the transcription levels of drought-related genes and their relative water-loss rates. Compared with cbl and wild type, OE-CBL plants resisted drought stress by significantly closing their stomata, resulting in improved survival rates. Root tip-bending experiments showed that CBL overexpression relieved osmotic, heavy metal and cold stresses in Arabidopsis. The recombinant CBL activity in vitro revealed that CBL produced H2S using L-cysteine as a substrate. Thus, CBL had a very strong cysteine desulfhydrase activity that could produce endogenous H2S using L-cysteine as a substrate, and it played an important role in plant abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Wang
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China
| | - Feng He
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China; The Affiliated High School of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China
| | - Yao Mu
- Institute of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing, 101416, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China
| | - Danmei Liu
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China
| | - Jinbao Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Zhuping Jin
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China.
| | - Yanxi Pei
- School of Life Science and Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, China.
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24
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Cui Y, Jiang Y, Xiao M, Munir MZ, Riaz S, Rasul F, Daroch M. Discovery of Five New Ethylene-Forming Enzymes for Clean Production of Ethylene in E. coli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4500. [PMID: 35562889 PMCID: PMC9101411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is an essential platform chemical with a conjugated double bond, which can produce many secondary chemical products through copolymerisation. At present, ethylene production is mainly from petroleum fractionation and cracking, which are unsustainable in the long term, and harmful to our environment. Therefore, a hot research field is seeking a cleaner method for ethylene production. Based on the model ethylene-forming enzyme (Efe) AAD16440.1 (6vp4.1.A) from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicol, we evaluated five putative Efe protein sequences using the data derived from phylogenetic analyses and the conservation of their catalytic structures. Then, pBAD expression frameworks were constructed, and relevant enzymes were expressed in E. coli BL21. Finally, enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo was detected to demonstrate their catalytic activity. Our results show that the activity in vitro measured by the conversion of α-ketoglutarate was from 0.21-0.72 μmol ethylene/mg/min, which varied across the temperatures. In cells, the activity of the new Efes was 12.28-147.43 μmol/gDCW/h (DCW, dry cellular weight). Both results prove that all the five putative Efes could produce ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Rd., Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (M.X.); (M.Z.M.); (S.R.); (F.R.)
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25
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Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Soltabayeva A, Oshanova D, Nurbekova Z, Srivastava S, Tiwari P, Dubey AK, Sagi M. Active O-acetylserine-(thiol) lyase A and B confer improved selenium resistance and degrade l-Cys and l-SeCys in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2525-2539. [PMID: 35084469 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The roles of cytosolic O-acetylserine-(thiol)-lyase A (OASTLA), chloroplastic OASTLB, and mitochondrial OASTLC in plant selenate resistance were studied in Arabidopsis. Impairment in OASTLA and OASTLB resulted in reduced biomass, chlorophyll and soluble protein content compared with selenate-treated OASTLC-impaired and wild-type plants. The generally lower total selenium (Se), protein-Se, organic-sulfur and protein-sulfur (S) content in oastlA and oastlB compared with wild-type and oastlC leaves indicated that Se accumulation was not the main cause for the stress symptoms in these mutants. Notably, the application of selenate positively induced S-starvation markers and the OASTLs, followed by increased sulfite reductase, sulfite oxidase activities, and increased sulfite and sulfide concentrations. Taken together, our results indicate a futile anabolic S-starvation response that resulted in lower glutathione and increased oxidative stress symptoms in oastlA and oastlB mutants. In-gel assays of l-cysteine and l-seleno-cysteine, desulfhydrase activities revealed that two of the three OASTL activity bands in each of the oastl single mutants were enhanced in response to selenate, whereas the impaired proteins exhibited a missing activity band. The absence of differently migrated activity bands in each of the three oastl mutants indicates that these OASTLs are major components of desulfhydrase activity, degrading l-cysteine and l-seleno-cysteine in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Aigerim Soltabayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Poonam Tiwari
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Dubey
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
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26
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Silva AV, Firmino MO, Costa NL, Louro RO, Paquete CM. Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms of the Eukaryotic Cytochrome-c Maturation System. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040549. [PMID: 35454139 PMCID: PMC9028165 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes-c are ubiquitous heme proteins with enormous impact at the cellular level, being key players in metabolic processes such as electron transfer chains and apoptosis. The assembly of these proteins requires maturation systems that catalyse the formation of the covalent thioether bond between two cysteine residues and the vinyl groups of the heme. System III is the maturation system present in Eukaryotes, designated CcHL or HCCS. This System requires a specific amino acid sequence in the apocytochrome to be recognized as a substrate and for heme insertion. To explore the recognition mechanisms of CcHL, the bacterial tetraheme cytochrome STC from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, which is not a native substrate for System III, was mutated to be identified as a substrate. The results obtained show that it is possible to convert a bacterial cytochrome as a substrate by CcHL, but the presence of the recognition sequence is not the only factor that induces the maturation of a holocytochrome by System III. The location of this sequence in the polypeptide also plays a role in the maturation of the c-type cytochrome. Furthermore, CcHL appears to be able to catalyse the binding of only one heme per polypeptide chain, being unable to assemble multiheme cytochromes c, in contrast with bacterial maturation systems.
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27
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Cheng Y, Gong Y, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhang X, He Y, Pan L, Ni B, Yang F, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yang Y, Chen W. Injectable adhesive hemostatic gel with tumor acidity neutralizer and neutrophil extracellular traps lyase for enhancing adoptive NK cell therapy prevents post-resection recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121506. [PMID: 35390709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-resection recurrence remains an intractable problem in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. Natural killer (NK) cell infusion is considered as a promising cancer therapy, but acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) greatly counteract its efficacy. Recently, polymer hydrogels have aroused much interest in tumor combination therapy, since they load and controllably release therapeutic agents with high bioavailability and low systemic toxicity. Therefore, a biocompatible hydrogel with tumor acidity neutralizer and NETs lyase may show promise for enhancing NK infusion to prevent post-resection HCC recurrence. Herein, a dual pH-responsive hydrogel with tumor acidity neutralizer (mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles) and NETs lyase (Deoxyribonuclease I, DNase I) is developed and used in combination with NK cell infusion for preventing post-resection HCC recurrence. The hydrogel can be injected to surgical margin and form an adhesive gel with a rapid hemostasis. Besides, it neutralizes tumor acidity to reduce tumor infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, and releases DNase I in a pH-responsive manner to degrade NETs. Moreover, this combination therapy significantly enhances NK cell infusion to combat post-surgical HCC recurrence without systemic toxicity. This study provides proof of concept that combination of NK cell adoptive therapy and hydrogel-based delivery system can successfully prevent post-resection HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yihang Gong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiuxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xijian Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yizhan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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28
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Yang W, Gutbrod P, Gutbrod K, Peisker H, Song X, Falz AL, Meyer AJ, Dörmann P. 2-Hydroxy-phytanoyl-CoA lyase (AtHPCL) is involved in phytol metabolism in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2022; 109:1290-1304. [PMID: 34902195 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During chlorophyll degradation, large amounts of the isoprenoid alcohol phytol are released. The pathway of phytol catabolism has been studied in humans, because chlorophyll is part of the human diet, but little is known for plants. In humans, phytanoyl-CoA derived from phytol is degraded via α-oxidation by phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (PAHX) and 2-hydroxy-phytanoyl-CoA lyase (HPCL). Arabidopsis contains two sequences homologous to the human proteins AtPAHX and AtHPCL. Insertional mutants of Arabidopsis (pahx, hpcl) were grown under N deprivation to stimulate chlorophyll breakdown or supplemented with phytol to increase the endogenous amount of phytol. During N deprivation, chlorophyll, phytol, phytenal, upstream metabolites of phytol breakdown, and tocopherol and fatty acid phytyl esters, alternative phytol-derived lipids, accumulated in pahx and hpcl mutants, in line with the scenario that the mutations interfere with phytol degradation. AtHPCL was localized to the peroxisomes. Expression analysis of the AtHPCL sequence in the yeast Δpxp1 or Δmpo1 mutants followed by supplementation with 2-hydroxy-palmitic acid and enzyme assays of peroxisomal proteins from Col-0 and hpcl plants with 2-hydroxy-stearoyl-CoA revealed that AtHPCL harbors 2-hydroxy-acyl-CoA lyase activity. The α-dioxygenases αDOX1 and αDOX2 are involved in α-oxidation of fatty acids and could be involved in an alternative pathway of phytol degradation. However, phytol-related lipids in the αdox1, αdox2, or αdox1 αdox2 mutants were not altered compared with Col-0, indicating that αDOX1 and αDOX2 are not involved in phytol degradation. These results demonstrate that phytol degradation in Arabidopsis involves α-oxidation by AtPAHX and AtHPCL, but that it is independent of αDOX1/αDOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Falz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Daneshian L, Renggli I, Hanaway R, Offermann LR, Schlachter CR, Hernandez Arriaza R, Henry S, Prakash R, Wybouw N, Dermauw W, Shimizu LS, Van Leeuwen T, Makris TM, Grbic V, Grbic M, Chruszcz M. Structural and functional characterization of β-cyanoalanine synthase from Tetranychus urticae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 142:103722. [PMID: 35063675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous spider mite that can feed on more than 1100 plant species including cyanogenic plants. The herbivore genome contains a horizontally acquired gene tetur10g01570 (TuCAS) that was previously shown to participate in cyanide detoxification. To understand the structure and determine the function of TuCAS in T. urticae, crystal structures of the protein with lysine conjugated pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) were determined. These structures reveal extensive TuCAS homology with the β-substituted alanine synthase family, and they show that this enzyme utilizes a similar chemical mechanism involving a stable α-aminoacrylate intermediate in β-cyanoalanine and cysteine synthesis. We demonstrate that TuCAS is more efficient in the synthesis of β-cyanoalanine, which is a product of the detoxification reaction between cysteine and cyanide, than in the biosynthesis of cysteine. Also, the enzyme carries additional enzymatic activities that were not previously described. We show that TuCAS can detoxify cyanide using O-acetyl-L-serine as a substrate, leading to the direct formation of β-cyanoalanine. Moreover, it catalyzes the reaction between the TuCAS-bound α-aminoacrylate intermediate and aromatic compounds with a thiol group. In addition, we have tested several compounds as TuCAS inhibitors. Overall, this study identifies additional functions for TuCAS and provides new molecular insight into the xenobiotic metabolism of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leily Daneshian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Isabella Renggli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ryan Hanaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lesa R Offermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Caleb R Schlachter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | - Shannon Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Rahul Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Makris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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30
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Li Y, Chen M. The specificity of the bilin lyase CpcS for chromophore attachment to allophycocyanin in the chlorophyll f-containing cyanobacterium Halomicronima hongdechloris. Photosynth Res 2022; 151:213-223. [PMID: 34564824 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes are light-harvesting antenna complexes of cyanobacteria and red algae that are comprised of chromoproteins called phycobiliproteins. PBS core structures are made up of allophycocyanin subunits. Halomicronema hongdechloris (H. hongdechloris) is one of the cyanobacteria that produce chlorophyll f (Chl f) under far-red light and is regulated by the Far-Red Light Photoacclimation gene cluster. There are five genes encoding APC in this specific gene cluster, and they are responsible for assembling the red-shifted PBS in H. hongdechloris grown under far-red light. In this study, the five apc genes located in the FaRLiP gene cluster were heterologously expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. The canonical APC-encoding genes were also constructed in the same system for comparison. Additionally, five annotated phycobiliprotein lyase-encoding genes (cpcS) from the H. hongdechloris genome were phylogenetically classified and experimentally tested for their catalytic properties including their contribution to the shifted absorption of PBS. Through analysis of recombinant proteins, we determined that the heterodimer of CpcS-I and CpcU are able to ligate a chromophore to the APC-α/APC-β subunits. We discuss some hypotheses towards understanding the roles of the specialised APC and contributions of PBP lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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31
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Stasiuk R, Matlakowska R. Sedimentary Cobalt Protoporphyrin as a Potential Precursor of Prosthetic Heme Group for Bacteria Inhabiting Fossil Organic Matter-Rich Shale Rock. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1913. [PMID: 34944556 PMCID: PMC8699415 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study hypothesizes that bacteria inhabiting shale rock affect the content of the sedimentary cobalt protoporphyrin present in it and can use it as a precursor for heme synthesis. To verify this hypothesis, we conducted qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses of cobalt protoporphyrin as well as heme, and heme iron in shale rock that were (i) inhabited by bacteria in the field, (ii) treated with bacteria in the laboratory, and with (iii) bacterial culture on synthetic cobalt protoporphyrin. Additionally, we examined the above-mentioned samples for the presence of enzymes involved in the heme biosynthesis and uptake as well as hemoproteins. We found depletion of cobalt protoporphyrin and a much higher heme concentration in the shale rock inhabited by bacteria in the field as well as the shale rock treated with bacteria in the laboratory. Similarly, we observed the accumulation of protoporphyrin in bacterial cells grown on synthetic cobalt protoporphyrin. We detected numerous hemoproteins in metaproteome of bacteria inhabited shale rock in the field and in proteomes of bacteria inhabited shale rock and synthetic cobalt protoporhyrin in the laboratory, but none of them had all the enzymes involved in the heme biosynthesis. However, proteins responsible for heme uptake, ferrochelatase and sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase/sirohydrochlorin cobalt-lyase were detected in all studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Matlakowska
- Department of Geomicrobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
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Kulikova VV, Morozova EA, Anufrieva NV, Koval VS, Lyfenko AD, Lesnova EI, Kushch AA, Revtovich SV, Demidkina TV. Kinetic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of therapeutic methinoninе γ-lyase encapsulated in polyion complex vesicles. Biochimie 2021; 194:13-18. [PMID: 34923045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes used for the treatment of a wide range of human disorders often suffer from suboptimal pharmacokinetics and stability. Engineering approaches such as encapsulation in micro- and nanocarriers, and replacements of amino acid residues of the native enzyme provide significant potential for improving the performance of enzyme therapy. Here, we develop a nanodelivery system on the base of polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) that includes methionine γ-lyase (MGL) as a therapeutic enzyme. We have two strategies for using the enzyme: first, methionine γ-lyase is an anticancer agent removing l-methionine from plasma, second, the binary system methionine γ-lyase/S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides is effective in enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT). Various lengths polymers were synthesized, and two mutant forms of the enzyme were used. The catalytic and pharmacokinetic parameters of the nanoformulations were investigated. The catalytic efficiencies of encapsulated enzymes were comparable to that of native enzymes. Pharmacokinetic analysis has shown that inclusion into PICsomes increases half-life of the enzymes, and they can be safely administered in vivo. The results suggest the further use of encapsulated MGLs for EPT and anticancer therapy, and this strategy could be leveraged to improve the efficiency of enzyme-based therapies for managing serious human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalia V Kulikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Elena A Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Natalya V Anufrieva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasiliy S Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna D Lyfenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Alla A Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Revtovich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Demidkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov street, 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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33
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Gao Y, Fan ZQ, Zhang Q, Li HL, Liu GS, Jing Y, Zhang YP, Zhu BZ, Zhu HL, Chen JY, Grierson D, Luo YB, Zhao XD, Fu DQ. A tomato NAC transcription factor, SlNAM1, positively regulates ethylene biosynthesis and the onset of tomato fruit ripening. Plant J 2021; 108:1317-1331. [PMID: 34580960 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the result of selective expression of ripening-related genes, which are regulated by transcription factors (TFs). The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) TF family is one of the largest families of plant-specific TFs and members are involved in a variety of plant physiological activities, including fruit ripening. Fruit ripening-associated NAC TFs studied in tomato to date include NAC-NOR (non-ripening), SlNOR-like1 (non-ripening like1), SlNAC1, and SlNAC4. Considering the large number of NAC genes in the tomato genome, there is little information about the possible roles of other NAC members in fruit ripening, and research on their target genes is lacking. In this study, we characterize SlNAM1, a NAC TF, which positively regulates the initiation of tomato fruit ripening via its regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. The onset of fruit ripening in slnam1-deficient mutants created by CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology was delayed, whereas fruit ripening in OE-SlNAM1 lines was accelerated compared with the wild type. The results of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and promoter analysis suggested that SlNAM1 directly binds to the promoters of two key ethylene biosynthesis genes (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase: SlACS2 and SlACS4) and activates their expression. This hypothesis was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of ethylene production and enrich understanding of the tomato fruit ripening regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gang-Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Jing
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ben-Zhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Yun-Bo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhao
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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34
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Ferrell M, Bazeley P, Wang Z, Levison BS, Li XS, Jia X, Krauss RM, Knight R, Lusis AJ, Garcia‐Garcia JC, Hazen SL, Tang WHW. Fecal Microbiome Composition Does Not Predict Diet-Induced TMAO Production in Healthy Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021934. [PMID: 34713713 PMCID: PMC8751816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule derived from the metabolism of dietary nutrients by gut microbes and contributes to cardiovascular disease. Plasma TMAO increases following consumption of red meat. This metabolic change is thought to be partly because of the expansion of gut microbes able to use nutrients abundant in red meat. Methods and Results We used data from a randomized crossover study to estimate the degree to which TMAO can be estimated from fecal microbial composition. Healthy participants received a series of 3 diets that differed in protein source (red meat, white meat, and non-meat), and fecal, plasma, and urine samples were collected following 4 weeks of exposure to each diet. TMAO was quantitated in plasma and urine, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal DNA. While the cai gene cluster was weakly correlated with plasma TMAO (rho=0.17, P=0.0007), elastic net models of TMAO were not improved by abundances of bacterial genes known to contribute to TMAO synthesis. A global analysis of all taxonomic groups, genes, and gene families found no meaningful predictors of TMAO. We postulated that abundances of known genes related to TMAO production do not predict bacterial metabolism, and we measured choline- and carnitine-trimethylamine lyase activity during fecal culture. Trimethylamine lyase genes were only weakly correlated with the activity of the enzymes they encode. Conclusions Fecal microbiome composition does not predict systemic TMAO because, in this case, gene copy number does not predict bacterial metabolic activity. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01427855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ferrell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Bruce S. Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of PediatricsDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Bioengineering, and The Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics and MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - J. C. Garcia‐Garcia
- Life Sciences Transformative Platform TechnologiesProcter & GambleCincinnatiOH
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH
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Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Chen X, Pellan M, Zhang L, Guo L, Laing WA, Schaffer RJ, Atkinson RG, Allan AC. Regulation of wound ethylene biosynthesis by NAC transcription factors in kiwifruit. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:411. [PMID: 34496770 PMCID: PMC8425125 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phytohormone ethylene controls many processes in plant development and acts as a key signaling molecule in response to biotic and abiotic stresses: it is rapidly induced by flooding, wounding, drought, and pathogen attack as well as during abscission and fruit ripening. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.), fruit ripening is characterized by two distinct phases: an early phase of system-1 ethylene biosynthesis characterized by absence of autocatalytic ethylene, followed by a late burst of autocatalytic (system-2) ethylene accompanied by aroma production and further ripening. Progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation of kiwifruit fruit ripening but the regulation of system-1 ethylene biosynthesis remains largely unknown. The aim of this work is to better understand the transcriptional regulation of both systems of ethylene biosynthesis in contrasting kiwifruit organs: fruit and leaves. RESULTS A detailed molecular study in kiwifruit (A. chinensis) revealed that ethylene biosynthesis was regulated differently between leaf and fruit after mechanical wounding. In fruit, wound ethylene biosynthesis was accompanied by transcriptional increases in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO) and members of the NAC class of transcription factors (TFs). However, in kiwifruit leaves, wound-specific transcriptional increases were largely absent, despite a more rapid induction of ethylene production compared to fruit, suggesting that post-transcriptional control mechanisms in kiwifruit leaves are more important. One ACS member, AcACS1, appears to fulfil a dominant double role; controlling both fruit wound (system-1) and autocatalytic ripening (system-2) ethylene biosynthesis. In kiwifruit, transcriptional regulation of both system-1 and -2 ethylene in fruit appears to be controlled by temporal up-regulation of four NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) TFs (AcNAC1-4) that induce AcACS1 expression by directly binding to the AcACS1 promoter as shown using gel-shift (EMSA) and by activation of the AcACS1 promoter in planta as shown by gene activation assays combined with promoter deletion analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in kiwifruit the NAC TFs AcNAC2-4 regulate both system-1 and -2 ethylene biosynthesis in fruit during wounding and ripening through control of AcACS1 expression levels but not in leaves where post-transcriptional/translational regulatory mechanisms may prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Mickaël Pellan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Lei Zhang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Lindy Guo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | | | - Robert J. Schaffer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198 New Zealand
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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36
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Faylo JL, van Eeuwen T, Kim HJ, Gorbea Colón JJ, Garcia BA, Murakami K, Christianson DW. Structural insight on assembly-line catalysis in terpene biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3487. [PMID: 34108468 PMCID: PMC8190136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusicoccadiene synthase from Phomopsis amygdali (PaFS) is a unique bifunctional terpenoid synthase that catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A, a mediator of 14-3-3 protein interactions. The prenyltransferase domain of PaFS generates geranylgeranyl diphosphate, which the cyclase domain then utilizes to generate fusicoccadiene, the tricyclic hydrocarbon skeleton of Fusicoccin A. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to show that the structure of full-length PaFS consists of a central octameric core of prenyltransferase domains, with the eight cyclase domains radiating outward via flexible linker segments in variable splayed-out positions. Cryo-electron microscopy and chemical crosslinking experiments additionally show that compact conformations can be achieved in which cyclase domains are more closely associated with the prenyltransferase core. This structural analysis provides a framework for understanding substrate channeling, since most of the geranylgeranyl diphosphate generated by the prenyltransferase domains remains on the enzyme for cyclization to form fusicoccadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacque L Faylo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Trevor van Eeuwen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jose J Gorbea Colón
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Chen Y, Yamori W, Tanaka A, Tanaka R, Ito H. Degradation of the photosystem II core complex is independent of chlorophyll degradation mediated by Stay-Green Mg 2+ dechelatase in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2021; 307:110902. [PMID: 33902860 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During leaf senescence, the degradation of photosystems and photosynthetic pigments proceeds in a coordinated manner, which would minimize the potential photodamage to cells. Both photosystem I and II are composed of core complexes and peripheral antenna complexes, with the former binding chlorophyll a and the latter binding chlorophyll a and b. Although the degradation of peripheral antenna complexes is initiated by chlorophyll degradation, it remains unclear whether the degradation of core complexes and chlorophyll is coordinated. In this study, we examined the degradation of peripheral antenna and core complexes in the Arabidopsis sgr1/sgr2/sgrl triple mutant, lacking all the isoforms of chlorophyll a:Mg2+ dechelatase. In this mutant, the degradation of peripheral antenna complexes and photosystem I core complexes was substantially retarded, but the core complexes of photosystem II were rapidly degraded during leaf senescence. On the contrary, the photosynthetic activity declined at a similar rate as in the wild type plants. These results suggest that the degradation of photosystem II core complexes is regulated independently of the major chlorophyll degradation pathway mediated by the dechelatase. The study should contribute to the understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the degradation of photosystems, which is an essential step during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ito
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Lee S, Parsons C, Chen Y, Hanafy Z, Brown E, Kathariou S. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Genomic Island Harboring Cadmium and Arsenic Resistance Genes in Listeria welshimeri. Biomolecules 2021; 11:560. [PMID: 33920493 PMCID: PMC8070118 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the bacterial foodborne pathogen responsible for the severe disease listeriosis, frequently exhibits heavy metal resistance. Concurrent resistance to cadmium and arsenic in L. monocytogenes is strongly associated with the 35-kb chromosomal island LGI2. LGI2 has been encountered repeatedly among L. monocytogenes serotype 4b hypervirulent clones but, surprisingly, not among non-pathogenic Listeria spp. Here we describe a novel LGI2 variant, LGI2-3, in two L. welshimeri strains from an urban aquatic environment. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed that the genomes were closely related except for one prophage region and confirmed a chromosomally integrated LGI2-3. It harbored a cystathionine beta-lyase gene previously only encountered in LGI2-1 of L. monocytogenes clonal complex 1 but was otherwise most closely related to LGI2. LGI2-3 harbored a novel cadAC cassette (cadA7C7) that, like LGI2's cadA4C4, was associated with lower-level tolerance to cadmium (MIC 50 μg/mL) than other cadAC cassettes (MIC ≥ 140 μg/mL). CadA sequence analysis identified two amino acids that may be important for mediating different levels of cadmium tolerance. Our findings clearly demonstrated the potential for LGI2-like islands to be harbored by non-pathogenic Listeria spp. and generate intriguing hypotheses on the genetic diversity mediated by this island and its transfer among Listeria spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chengju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
| | - Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA; (C.P.); (Z.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA; (Y.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Zahra Hanafy
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA; (C.P.); (Z.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Eric Brown
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA; (Y.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624, USA; (C.P.); (Z.H.); (S.K.)
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Sarma S, Rai M, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Mutations in tomato 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 uncover its role in development beside fruit ripening. Plant J 2021; 106:95-112. [PMID: 33370496 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of ethylene in plant development is mostly inferred from its exogenous application. The usage of mutants affecting ethylene biosynthesis proffers a better alternative to decipher its role. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 (ACS2) is a key enzyme regulating ripening-specific ethylene biosynthesis. We characterised two contrasting acs2 mutants; acs2-1 overproduces ethylene, has higher ACS activity, and has increased protein levels, while acs2-2 is an ethylene underproducer, displays lower ACS activity, and has lower protein levels than wild type. Consistent with high/low ethylene emission, the mutants show opposite phenotypes, physiological responses, and metabolomic profiles compared with the wild type. The acs2-1 mutant shows early seed germination, faster leaf senescence, and accelerated fruit ripening. Conversely, acs2-2 has delayed seed germination, slower leaf senescence, and prolonged fruit ripening. The phytohormone profiles of mutants were mostly opposite in the leaves and fruits. The faster/slower senescence of acs2-1/acs2-2 leaves correlated with the endogenous ethylene/zeatin ratio. The genetic analysis showed that the metabolite profiles of respective mutants co-segregated with the homozygous mutant progeny. Our results uncover that besides ripening, ACS2 participates in the vegetative and reproductive development of tomato. The distinct influence of ethylene on phytohormone profiles indicates the intertwining of ethylene action with other phytohormones in regulating plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Soni Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Supriya Sarma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Meenakshi Rai
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Sarma S, Rai M, Sreelakshmi Y, Sharma R. Mutations in tomato 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 uncover its role in development beside fruit ripening. Plant J 2021; 106:95-112. [PMID: 33370496 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.12.090431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of ethylene in plant development is mostly inferred from its exogenous application. The usage of mutants affecting ethylene biosynthesis proffers a better alternative to decipher its role. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 (ACS2) is a key enzyme regulating ripening-specific ethylene biosynthesis. We characterised two contrasting acs2 mutants; acs2-1 overproduces ethylene, has higher ACS activity, and has increased protein levels, while acs2-2 is an ethylene underproducer, displays lower ACS activity, and has lower protein levels than wild type. Consistent with high/low ethylene emission, the mutants show opposite phenotypes, physiological responses, and metabolomic profiles compared with the wild type. The acs2-1 mutant shows early seed germination, faster leaf senescence, and accelerated fruit ripening. Conversely, acs2-2 has delayed seed germination, slower leaf senescence, and prolonged fruit ripening. The phytohormone profiles of mutants were mostly opposite in the leaves and fruits. The faster/slower senescence of acs2-1/acs2-2 leaves correlated with the endogenous ethylene/zeatin ratio. The genetic analysis showed that the metabolite profiles of respective mutants co-segregated with the homozygous mutant progeny. Our results uncover that besides ripening, ACS2 participates in the vegetative and reproductive development of tomato. The distinct influence of ethylene on phytohormone profiles indicates the intertwining of ethylene action with other phytohormones in regulating plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Soni Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Supriya Sarma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Meenakshi Rai
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Dawson CD, Irwin SM, Backman LRF, Le C, Wang JX, Vennelakanti V, Yang Z, Kulik HJ, Drennan CL, Balskus EP. Molecular basis of C-S bond cleavage in the glycyl radical enzyme isethionate sulfite-lyase. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1333-1346.e7. [PMID: 33773110 PMCID: PMC8473560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Desulfonation of isethionate by the bacterial glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) isethionate sulfite-lyase (IslA) generates sulfite, a substrate for respiration that in turn produces the disease-associated metabolite hydrogen sulfide. Here, we present a 2.7 Å resolution X-ray structure of wild-type IslA from Bilophila wadsworthia with isethionate bound. In comparison with other GREs, alternate positioning of the active site β strands allows for distinct residue positions to contribute to substrate binding. These structural differences, combined with sequence variations, create a highly tailored active site for the binding of the negatively charged isethionate substrate. Through the kinetic analysis of 14 IslA variants and computational analyses, we probe the mechanism by which radical chemistry is used for C-S bond cleavage. This work further elucidates the structural basis of chemistry within the GRE superfamily and will inform structure-based inhibitor design of IsIA and thus of microbial hydrogen sulfide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Dawson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephania M Irwin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lindsey R F Backman
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chip Le
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jennifer X Wang
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Division of Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vyshnavi Vennelakanti
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Catherine L Drennan
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Narukawa H, Yokoyama R, Kuroha T, Nishitani K. Host-produced ethylene is required for marked cell expansion and endoreduplication in dodder search hyphae. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:491-502. [PMID: 33721891 PMCID: PMC8133569 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cuscuta comprises stem holoparasitic plant species with wide geographic distribution. Cuscuta spp. obtain water, nutrients, proteins, and mRNA from their host plants via a parasitic organ called the haustorium. As the haustorium penetrates into the host tissue, search hyphae elongate within the host tissue and finally connect with the host's vascular system. Invasion by Cuscuta spp. evokes various reactions within the host plant's tissues. Here, we show that, when Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is invaded by Cuscuta campestris, ethylene biosynthesis by the host plant promotes elongation of the parasite's search hyphae. The expression of genes encoding 1-aminocylclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthases, ACC SYNTHASE2 (AtACS2) and ACC SYNTHASE6 (AtACS6), was activated in the stem of Arabidopsis plants upon invasion by C. campestris. When the ethylene-deficient Arabidopsis acs octuple mutant was invaded by C. campestris, cell elongation and endoreduplication of the search hyphae were significantly reduced, and the inhibition of search hyphae growth was complemented by exogenous application of ACC. In contrast, in the C. campestris-infected Arabidopsis ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-3, no growth inhibition of search hyphae was observed, indicating that ETHYLENE RESPONSE1-mediated ethylene signaling in the host plant is not essential for parasitism by C. campestris. Overall, our results suggest that C. campestris recognizes host-produced ethylene as a stimulatory signal for successful invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Narukawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Author for communication: (K.N.)
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Liang Y, Wang J, Zeng F, Wang Q, Zhu L, Li H, Guo N, Chen H. Photorespiration Regulates Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism by Magnesium Chelatase D Subunit in Rice. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:112-125. [PMID: 33353295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of plants are dependent on the interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Essential information about the metabolic regulation of carbon-nitrogen metabolism is still lacking, such as possible interactions among nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and photorespiration. This study shows that higher photorespiration consumes more CO2 fixed by photosynthesis, making the high photosynthetic efficiency mutant fail to increase production. In order to clarify the effects of photosynthesis and photorespiration on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in high photosynthetic efficiency mutant, a yellow-green leaf mutant (ygl53) was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Its chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased, but chloroplast development was not affected. Genetic analysis demonstrated that YGL53 encodes the magnesium chelatase D subunit (ChlD). The ygl53 mutant showed an increased net assimilation rate (An) and electron transport flux efficiency and catalase (CAT) activity, and it also had a higher photorespiration rate (Pr), lower H2O2, and reduced nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE); however, there was no loss in yield. The higher activities of glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase (GS) ensure the α-ketoglutaric acid (2-OG) and ammonia (NH3) availabilities, which are produced from photorespiration in the ygl53 mutant. These have an important function for carbon and nitrogen metabolism homeostasis in ygl53. Further analysis indicated that the energy and substances derived from carbon metabolism supplemented nitrogen metabolism in the form of photorespiration to ensure its normal development when the An of photosynthesis was increased in the ygl53 mutant with reduced NUpE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpei Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Faliang Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naihui Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Mohammad-Sidik A, Sun J, Shin R, Song Z, Ning Y, Matthus E, Wilkins KA, Davies JM. Annexin 1 Is a Component of eATP-Induced Cytosolic Calcium Elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020494. [PMID: 33419052 PMCID: PMC7825420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) has long been established in animals as an important signalling molecule but this is less understood in plants. The identification of Arabidopsis thaliana DORN1 (Does Not Respond to Nucleotides) as the first plant eATP receptor has shown that it is fundamental to the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) as a possible second messenger. eATP causes other downstream responses such as increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, plus changes in gene expression. The plasma membrane Ca2+ influx channels involved in eATP-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase remain unknown at the genetic level. Arabidopsis thaliana Annexin 1 has been found to mediate ROS-activated Ca2+ influx in root epidermis, consistent with its operating as a transport pathway. In this study, the loss of function Annexin 1 mutant was found to have impaired [Ca2+]cyt elevation in roots in response to eATP or eADP. Additionally, this annexin was implicated in modulating eATP-induced intracellular ROS accumulation in roots as well as expression of eATP-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Mohammad-Sidik
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Zhizhong Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264205, China;
| | - Youzheng Ning
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Katie A. Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1223-333-939
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Pattyn J, Vaughan‐Hirsch J, Van de Poel B. The regulation of ethylene biosynthesis: a complex multilevel control circuitry. New Phytol 2021; 229:770-782. [PMID: 32790878 PMCID: PMC7820975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is produced by a fairly simple two-step biosynthesis route. Despite this pathway's simplicity, recent molecular and genetic studies have revealed that the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis is far more complex and occurs at different layers. Ethylene production is intimately linked with the homeostasis of its general precursor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), which experiences transcriptional and posttranslational control of its synthesising enzymes (SAM synthetase), as well as the metabolic flux through the adjacent Yang cycle. Ethylene biosynthesis continues from SAM by two dedicated enzymes: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). Although the transcriptional dynamics of ACS and ACO have been well documented, the first transcription factors that control ACS and ACO expression have only recently been discovered. Both ACS and ACO display a type-specific posttranslational regulation that controls protein stability and activity. The nonproteinogenic amino acid ACC also shows a tight level of control through conjugation and translocation. Different players in ACC conjugation and transport have been identified over the years, however their molecular regulation and biological significance is unclear, yet relevant, as ACC can also signal independently of ethylene. In this review, we bring together historical reports and the latest findings on the complex regulation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Pattyn
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology LaboratoryDivision of Crop BiotechnicsDepartment of BiosystemsUniversity of LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42Leuven3001Belgium
| | - John Vaughan‐Hirsch
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology LaboratoryDivision of Crop BiotechnicsDepartment of BiosystemsUniversity of LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42Leuven3001Belgium
| | - Bram Van de Poel
- Molecular Plant Hormone Physiology LaboratoryDivision of Crop BiotechnicsDepartment of BiosystemsUniversity of LeuvenWillem de Croylaan 42Leuven3001Belgium
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Watanabe LM, Hashimoto AC, Torres DJ, Berry MJ, Seale LA. Effects of selenium supplementation on diet-induced obesity in mice with a disruption of the selenocysteine lyase gene. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126596. [PMID: 32683228 PMCID: PMC7655518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) is an integral part of selenoproteins, a class of proteins mostly involved in strong redox reactions. The enzyme Sec lyase (SCLY) decomposes Sec into selenide allowing for the recycling of the selenium (Se) atom via the selenoprotein synthesis machinery. We previously demonstrated that disruption of the Scly gene (Scly KO) in mice leads to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, with effects on glucose homeostasis, worsened by Se deficiency or a high-fat diet, and exacerbated in male mice. Our objective was to determine whether Se supplementation could ameliorate obesity and restore glucose homeostasis in the Scly KO mice. METHODS Three-weeks old male and female Scly KO mice were fed in separate experiments a diet containing 45 % kcal fat and either sodium selenite or a mixture of sodium selenite and selenomethionine (selenite/SeMet) at moderate (0.25 ppm) or high (0.5-1 ppm) levels for 9 weeks, and assessed for metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and expression of selenoproteins. RESULTS Se supplementation was unable to prevent obesity and elevated epididymal white adipose tissue weights in male Scly KO mice. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in Scly KO mice was unchanged regardless of sex or dietary Se intake; however, supplementation with a mixture of selenite/SeMet improved oxidative stress biomarkers in the male Scly KO mice. CONCLUSION These results unveil sex- and selenocompound-specific regulation of energy metabolism after the loss of Scly, pointing to a role of this enzyme in the control of whole-body energy metabolism regardless of Se levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia M Watanabe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Brazil
| | - Ann C Hashimoto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Daniel J Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Marla J Berry
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Lucia A Seale
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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47
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Adams NBP, Bisson C, Brindley AA, Farmer DA, Davison PA, Reid JD, Hunter CN. The active site of magnesium chelatase. Nat Plants 2020; 6:1491-1502. [PMID: 33257858 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin initiates the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, the pigment that underpins photosynthesis. This reaction, catalysed by the magnesium chelatase complex, couples ATP hydrolysis by a ChlID motor complex to chelation within the ChlH subunit. We probed the structure and catalytic function of ChlH using a combination of X-ray crystallography, computational modelling, mutagenesis and enzymology. Two linked domains of ChlH in an initially open conformation of ChlH bind protoporphyrin IX, and the rearrangement of several loops envelops this substrate, forming an active site cavity. This induced fit brings an essential glutamate (E660), proposed to be the key catalytic residue for magnesium insertion, into proximity with the porphyrin. A buried solvent channel adjacent to E660 connects the exterior bulk solvent to the active site, forming a possible conduit for the delivery of magnesium or abstraction of protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B P Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Claudine Bisson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda A Brindley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - David A Farmer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul A Davison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James D Reid
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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48
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Lee HY, Yoon GM. Strigolactone elevates ethylene biosynthesis in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15:1805232. [PMID: 32835599 PMCID: PMC7588227 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1805232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous phytohormone ethylene influences many aspects of plant life, including germination, fruit ripening, senescence, and stress responses. These diverse roles of ethylene occur in part through crosstalk with other phytohormones, which affects ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways. We have recently shown that the phytohormones, including gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, auxin, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid, regulate the stability of ACC synthases (ACSs), the rate-limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis. Here, we report that treatment of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings with strigolactone (SL) increases ethylene biosynthesis. SL does not influence ACS stability or ACS gene expression, but it increases the transcript levels of a subset of ACC oxidase (ACO) genes, thereby enhancing ethylene biosynthesis. Taken together with the results of our previous study, these findings demonstrate that most phytohormones differentially regulate ethylene biosynthesis in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings by affecting ACS stability and/or the transcript levels of ethylene biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yong Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gyeong Mee Yoon
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- CONTACT Gyeong Mee Yoon Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
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49
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da Silva MTA, Silva IRE, Faim LM, Bellini NK, Pereira ML, Lima AL, de Jesus TCL, Costa FC, Watanabe TF, Pereira HD, Valentini SR, Zanelli CF, Borges JC, Dias MVB, da Cunha JPC, Mittra B, Andrews NW, Thiemann OH. Trypanosomatid selenophosphate synthetase structure, function and interaction with selenocysteine lyase. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008091. [PMID: 33017394 PMCID: PMC7595633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes from the Excavata superphylum have been used as models to study the evolution of cellular molecular processes. Strikingly, human parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family (T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. major) conserve the complex machinery responsible for selenocysteine biosynthesis and incorporation in selenoproteins (SELENOK/SelK, SELENOT/SelT and SELENOTryp/SelTryp), although these proteins do not seem to be essential for parasite viability under laboratory controlled conditions. Selenophosphate synthetase (SEPHS/SPS) plays an indispensable role in selenium metabolism, being responsible for catalyzing the formation of selenophosphate, the biological selenium donor for selenocysteine synthesis. We solved the crystal structure of the L. major selenophosphate synthetase and confirmed that its dimeric organization is functionally important throughout the domains of life. We also demonstrated its interaction with selenocysteine lyase (SCLY) and showed that it is not present in other stable assemblies involved in the selenocysteine pathway, namely the phosphoseryl-tRNASec kinase (PSTK)-Sec-tRNASec synthase (SEPSECS) complex and the tRNASec-specific elongation factor (eEFSec) complex. Endoplasmic reticulum stress with dithiothreitol (DTT) or tunicamycin upon selenophosphate synthetase ablation in procyclic T. brucei cells led to a growth defect. On the other hand, only DTT presented a negative effect in bloodstream T. brucei expressing selenophosphate synthetase-RNAi. Furthermore, selenoprotein T (SELENOT) was dispensable for both forms of the parasite. Together, our data suggest a role for the T. brucei selenophosphate synthetase in the regulation of the parasite’s ER stress response. Selenium is both a toxic compound and a micronutrient. As a micronutrient, it participates in the synthesis of specific proteins, selenoproteins, as the amino acid selenocysteine. The synthesis of selenocysteine is present in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. The protist parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family, that cause major tropical diseases, conserve the complex machinery responsible for selenocysteine biosynthesis and incorporation in selenoproteins. However, this pathway has been considered dispensable for the parasitic protist cells. This has intrigued us, and lead to question that if maintained in the cell it should be under selective pressure and therefore be necessary. Also, extensive and dynamic protein-protein interactions must happen to deliver selenium-containing intermediates along the pathway in order to warrant efficient usage of biological selenium in the cell. In this study we have investigated the molecular interactions of different proteins involved in selenocysteine synthesis and its putative involvement in the endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Rosa e Silva
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Faim
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Karla Bellini
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Leão Pereira
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Lima
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Leandro de Jesus
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle and Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling—CeTICS, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Costa
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Faria Watanabe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto D'Muniz Pereira
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlio Cesar Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Pinheiro Chagas da Cunha
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle and Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling—CeTICS, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bidyottam Mittra
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norma W. Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Otavio Henrique Thiemann
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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50
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Zhang C, Zhang B, Mu B, Zheng X, Zhao F, Lan W, Fu A, Luan S. A Thylakoid Membrane Protein Functions Synergistically with GUN5 in Chlorophyll Biosynthesis. Plant Commun 2020; 1:100094. [PMID: 33367259 PMCID: PMC7747962 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is essential for photosynthetic reactions and chloroplast development. While the enzymatic pathway for Chl biosynthesis is well established, the regulatory mechanism underlying the homeostasis of Chl levels remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified CBD1 (Chlorophyll Biosynthetic Defect1), which functions in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis. The CBD1 gene was expressed specifically in green tissues and its protein product was embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Furthermore, CBD1 was precisely co-expressed and functionally correlated with GUN5 (Genome Uncoupled 5). Analysis of chlorophyll metabolic intermediates indicated that cbd1 and cbd1gun5 mutants over-accumulated magnesium protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX). In addition, the cbd1 mutant thylakoid contained less Mg than the wild type not only as a result of lower Chl content, but also implicating CBD1 in Mg transport. This was supported by the finding that CBD1 complemented a Mg2+ uptake-deficient Salmonella strain under low Mg conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that CBD1 functions synergistically with CHLH/GUN5 in Mg-Proto IX processing, and may serve as a Mg-transport protein to maintain Mg homeostasis in the chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Baicong Mu
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Aigen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author
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