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Araki T, Miwa N. Selective epigenetic alterations in RNF43 in pancreatic exocrine cells from high-fat-diet-induced obese mice; implications for pancreatic cancer. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:106. [PMID: 38622664 PMCID: PMC11020883 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer (PC) originates and progresses with genetic mutations in various oncogenes and suppressor genes, notably KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4, prevalent across diverse PC cells. In addition to genetic mutations/deletions, persistent exposure to high-risk factors, including obesity, induces whole-genome scale epigenetic alterations contributing to malignancy. However, the impact of obesity on DNA methylation in the presymptomatic stage, particularly in genes prone to PC mutation, remains uncharacterized. RESULTS We analyzed the methylation levels of 197 loci in six genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, SMAD4, GNAS and RNF43) using Illumina Mouse Methylation BeadChip array (280 K) data from pancreatic exocrine cells obtained from high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Results revealed no significant differences in methylation levels in loci between HFD- and normal-fat-diet (NFD)-fed mice, except for RNF43, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, which showed hypermethylation in three loci. These findings indicate that, in mouse pancreatic exocrine cells, high-fat dietary obesity induced aberrant DNA methylation in RNF43 but not in other frequently mutated PC-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongo, Iruma-gun, 350-0495, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naofumi Miwa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongo, Iruma-gun, 350-0495, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan.
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Lewis-Sanders D, Bullich S, Olvera MJ, Vo J, Hwang YS, Mizrachi E, Stern SA. Conditioned overconsumption is dependent on reinforcer type in lean, but not obese, mice. Appetite 2024; 198:107355. [PMID: 38621593 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Associative learning can drive many different types of behaviors, including food consumption. Previous studies have shown that cues paired with food delivery while mice are hungry will lead to increased consumption in the presence of those cues at later times. We previously showed that overconsumption can be driven in male mice by contextual cues, using chow pellets. Here we extended our findings by examining other parameters that may influence the outcome of context-conditioned overconsumption training. We found that the task worked equally well in males and females, and that palatable substances such as high-fat diet and Ensure chocolate milkshake supported learning and induced overconsumption. Surprisingly, mice did not overconsume when sucrose was used as the reinforcer during training, suggesting that nutritional content is a critical factor. Interestingly, we also observed that diet-induced obese mice did not learn the task. Overall, we find that context-conditioned overconsumption can be studied in lean male and female mice, and with multiple reinforcer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darielle Lewis-Sanders
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sebastien Bullich
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Maria-Jose Olvera
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - John Vo
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Yang-Sun Hwang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Elisa Mizrachi
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sarah A Stern
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Circuits and Behavior, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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Gregolin CS, do Nascimento M, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, Luvizotto RDAM, Sugizaki MM, Bazan SGZ, de Campos DHS, Camacho CRC, Cicogna AC, do Nascimento AF. Cardiac dysfunction in sucrose-fed rats is associated with alterations of phospholamban phosphorylation and TNF-α levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 589:112236. [PMID: 38608803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High sucrose intake is linked to cardiovascular disease, a major global cause of mortality worldwide. Calcium mishandling and inflammation play crucial roles in cardiac disease pathophysiology. OBJECTIVE Evaluate if sucrose-induced obesity is related to deterioration of myocardial function due to alterations in the calcium-handling proteins in association with proinflammatory cytokines. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into control and sucrose groups. Over eight weeks, Sucrose group received 30% sucrose water. Cardiac function was determined in vivo using echocardiography and in vitro using papillary muscle assay. Western blotting was used to detect calcium handling protein; ELISA assay was used to assess TNF-α and IL-6 levels. RESULTS Sucrose led to cardiac dysfunction. RYR2, SERCA2, NCX, pPBL Ser16 and L-type calcium channels were unchanged. However, pPBL-Thr17, and TNF-α levels were elevated in the S group. CONCLUSION Sucrose induced cardiac dysfunction and decreased myocardial contractility in association with altered pPBL-Thr17 and elevated cardiac pro-inflammatory TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Schmitt Gregolin
- Department of Pathology, Medical School (FMB) of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena do Nascimento
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Mateus Sugizaki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dijon Henrique Salomé de Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa Camacho
- Department of Pathology, Medical School (FMB) of São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Xue J, Zhu W, Wang H, Xi P, Tian D. TRPV4 in adipose tissue ameliorates diet-induced obesity by promoting white adipocyte browning. Transl Res 2024; 266:16-31. [PMID: 37926276 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The induction of adipocyte browning to increase energy expenditure is a promising strategy to combat obesity. Transient receptor potential channel V4 (TRPV4) functions as a nonselective cation channel in various cells and plays physiological roles in osmotic and thermal sensations. However, the function of TRPV4 in energy metabolism remains controversial. This study revealed the role of TRPV4 in adipose tissue in the development of obesity. Adipose-specific TRPV4 overexpression protected mice against diet-induced obesity (DIO) and promoted white fat browning. TRPV4 overexpression was also associated with decreased adipose inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, TRPV4 could directly promote white adipocyte browning via the AKT pathway. Consistently, adipose-specific TRPV4 knockout exacerbated DIO with impaired thermogenesis and activated inflammation. Corroborating our findings in mice, TRPV4 expression was low in the white adipose tissue of obese people. Our results positioned TRPV4 as a potential regulator of obesity and energy expenditure in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Jie Xue
- Department of Pathology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei 057150, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Pengjiao Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China.
| | - Derun Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Önal D, Korkmaz H, Önal G, Pehlivanoğlu B. Body weight modulates the impact of oxytocin on chronic cold-immobilization stress response. Peptides 2024; 177:171202. [PMID: 38555975 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
By activating the stress system, stress modulates various physiological parameters including food intake, energy consumption, and, consequently, body weight. The role of oxytocin in the regulation of stress and obesity cannot be disregarded. Based on these findings, we aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal oxytocin on stress response in high-fat-diet (HFD)--fed and control-diet-fed rats exposed to chronic stress. Cold-immobilization stress was applied for 5 consecutive days to male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either with a control diet (n=20) or HFD (n=20) for 6 weeks. Half of the animals in each group received oxytocin. Stress response was evaluated via plasma and salivary cortisol levels as well as elevated plus maze scores. Prefrontal cortex and hypothalamic oxytocin receptor (OxtR) expression levels were identified using western blot analysis. The results showed higher stress response in HFD-fed animals than in control animals both under basal and post-stress conditions. Oxytocin application had a prominent anxiolytic effect in the control group but an insignificant effect in the HFD group. While OxtR expression levels in the prefrontal cortex did not vary according to the body weight and oxytocin application, OxtR levels in the hypothalamus were higher in the HFD- and/or oxytocin-treated animals. Our results indicated that the peripheral and central effects of oxytocin vary with body weight. Moreover, obesity masks the anxiolytic effects of oxytocin, probably by reinforcing the stress condition via central OxtRs. In conclusion, elucidating the mechanisms underlying the central effect of oxytocin is important to cope with stress and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Önal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
| | - Hilal Korkmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Önal
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Bilge Pehlivanoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Connolly K, Batacan R, Jackson D, Fenning AS. Effects of epicatechin on cardiovascular function in middle-aged diet-induced obese rat models of metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:593-605. [PMID: 37732427 PMCID: PMC10803822 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452300209x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular effects of epicatechin, a flavonoid found in green tea and cocoa, in attenuating complications associated with metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 16 weeks were fed either standard rat chow or given a high-fat-high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 20 weeks. Epicatechin treatment (5 mg/kg/d) was administered to a subset of WKY rats commencing at week 8 of the 20 week HFHC feeding period. Body weights, food, water and energy intakes, blood pressure, heart rate and glucose tolerance were measured throughout the treatment period. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, lipid levels, cardiac collagen deposition, cardiac electrical function, aortic and mesenteric vessel reactivity were examined after the treatment. Twenty weeks of HFHC feeding in WKY rats resulted in the development of metabolic syndrome indicated by the presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and increased blood pressure. Epicatechin treatment was found to enhance the oxidative stress status in HFHC groups through an increase in serum nitric oxide levels and a decrease in 8-isoprostane concentrations. Furthermore, WKY-HFHC rats displayed a decrease in IL-6 levels. The lipid profiles in HFHC groups showed improvement, with a decrease in LDL-cholesterol and TAG and an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels observed in WKY-HFHC rats. However, epicatechin was not effective in preventing weight gain, glucose intolerance or hypertension in HFHC fed rats. Overall, the results of this study suggest that epicatechin has the potential to improve the underlying mechanisms associated with metabolic syndrome in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Connolly
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia
| | - Romeo Batacan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia
| | - Douglas Jackson
- Australian Catholic University, 40 Edward St, North Sydney, NSW2060, Australia
| | - Andrew Stuart Fenning
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD4701, Australia
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Eng M, Suthaaharan K, Newton L, Sheikh F, Fox-Robichaud A. Sepsis and obesity: a scoping review of diet-induced obesity murine models. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38388878 PMCID: PMC10884395 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, the life-threatening host response to infection, is a major cause of mortality. Obesity increases vulnerability to sepsis; however, some degree of obesity may be protective, called the "obesity paradox". This scoping review systematically maps the literature on outcomes associated with diet-induced obesity and sepsis-induced organ injury, focusing on non-transgenic murine models. METHODS A literature search of primary articles was conducted from database inception to June 2023. Eligible articles compared diet-induced obesity to non-obese mice in sepsis models involving live pathogens. Two reviewers screened articles and extracted data on obesogenic and sepsis models utilized, and organ injury outcomes, including physiological dysfunction, histological alterations, and biochemical changes. RESULTS Seventeen studies met eligibility criteria; 82% used male C57BL/6 mice, and 88% used cecal ligation and puncture to induce sepsis. Most studies used 60% high-fat diets compared to 10-16% fat in controls. Seven (64%) studies reported increased mortality in obese septic mice, one (9%) observed a decrease, and three (37%) found no significant difference. The liver, lungs, and kidneys were the most studied organs. Alanine transaminase results were inconclusive. Myeloperoxidase levels were increased in the livers of two studies and inconclusive in the lungs of obese septic mice. Creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were elevated in obese septic mice. CONCLUSIONS There is variability in the methodology and measured outcomes in murine models of diet-induced obesity and sepsis and a lack of studies in female mice. The absence of standardized models has produced conflicting findings on the impact of obesity on sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Eng
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Keshikaa Suthaaharan
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Logan Newton
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fatima Sheikh
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Alison Fox-Robichaud
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, Canada.
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Sun C, Liang J, Zheng J, Mao S, Chen S, Aikemu A, Liu C. Brown adipose Vanin-1 is required for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and prevents diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101884. [PMID: 38246587 PMCID: PMC10838954 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-dissipating brown adipocytes have significant potential for improving systemic metabolism. Vanin-1, a membrane-bound pantetheinase, is involved in various biological processes in mice. However, its role in BAT mitochondrial function is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of Vanin-1 on BAT function and contribution during overnutrition-induced obesity. METHODS Vanin-1 expression was analyzed in different adipose depots in mice. The cellular localization of Vanin-1 was analyzed by confocal microscopy and western blots. Mice lacking Vanin-1 (Vanin-1-/-) were continuously fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish an obesity model. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the molecular changes associated with Vanin-1 deficiency during obesity. BAT-specific Vanin-1 overexpression mice were established to determine the effects of Vanin-1 in vivo. Cysteamine treatment was used to examine the effect of enzymatic reaction products of Vanin-1 on BAT mitochondria function in Vanin-1-/- mice. RESULTS The results indicate that the expression of Vanin-1 is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. Study on the subcellular location of Vanin-1 shows that it has a mitochondrial localization. Vanin-1 deficiency results in increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction, aberrant mitochondrial structure, and promotes HFD induced-BAT whitening. This is attributed to the impairment of the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria due to Vanin-1 deficiency, resulting in reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Vanin-1 significantly enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in BAT, renders mice resistant to diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, treatment with cysteamine rescue the mitochondrial dysfunction in Vanin-1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that Vanin-1 plays a crucial role in promoting mitochondrial respiration to counteract diet-induced obesity, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Modernization Research, Development and Application of Hotan Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848099, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Becerril S, Cienfuegos JA, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Moncada R, Unamuno X, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy generates sustained improvement of glycemic control compared with sleeve gastrectomy in the diet-induced obese rat model. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:149-160. [PMID: 37935948 PMCID: PMC10810039 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has become a recognized and effective procedure for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our objective was to directly compare the caloric intake-independent effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with SG (SADI-S) on glucose tolerance in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to elucidate the differences between bariatric surgery and caloric restriction.A total of 120 adult male Wistar rats with DIO and insulin resistance were randomly assigned to surgical (sham operation, SG, and SADI-S) and dietary (pair-feeding the amount of food eaten by animals undergoing the SG or SADI-S surgeries) interventions. Body weight and food intake were weekly monitored, and 6 weeks after interventions, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests, plasma insulin, adiponectin, GIP, GLP-1, and ghrelin levels were determined.The body weight of SADI-S rats was significantly (p < 0.001) lower as compared to the sham-operated, SG, and pair-fed groups. Furthermore, SADI-S rats exhibited decreased whole body fat mass (p < 0.001), lower food efficiency rates (p < 0.001), and increased insulin sensitivity, as well as improved glucose and lipid metabolism compared to that of the SG and pair-fed rats.SADI-S was more effective than SG, or caloric restriction, in improving glycemic control and metabolic profile, with a higher remission of insulin resistance as well as long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier A Cienfuegos
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona, Spain.
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Stapleton S, Welch G, DiBerardo L, Freeman LR. Sex differences in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity: the role of the gut microbiome. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:5. [PMID: 38200579 PMCID: PMC10782710 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent decades have seen an exponential rise in global obesity prevalence, with rates nearly doubling in a span of 40 years. A comprehensive knowledge base regarding the systemic effects of obesity is required to create new preventative and therapeutic agents effective at combating the current obesity epidemic. Previous studies of diet-induced obesity utilizing mouse models have demonstrated a difference in bodyweight gain by sex. In such studies, female mice gained significantly less weight than male mice when given the same high fat (HF) diet, indicating a resistance to diet-induced obesity. Research has also shown sex differences in gut microbiome composition between males and females, indicated to be in part a result of sex hormones. Understanding metabolic differences between sexes could assist in the development of new measures for obesity prevention and treatment. This study aimed to characterize sex differences in weight gain, plasma lipid profiles, fecal microbiota composition, and fecal short chain fatty acid levels. We hypothesized a role for the gut microbiome in these sex differences that would be normalized following microbiome depletion. METHODS A mouse model was used to study these effects. Mice were divided into treatment groups by sex, diet, and presence/absence of an antibiotic cocktail to deplete genera in the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that sex differences would be present both in bodyweight gain and systemic measures of obesity, including hormone and circulating free fatty acid levels. RESULTS We determined statistically significant differences for sex and/or treatment for the outcome measures. We confirm previous findings in which male mice gained significantly more weight than female mice fed the same high fat diet. However, sex differences persisted following antibiotic administration for microbiome depletion. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that sex differences in the gut microbiome may contribute to sex differences in obesity, but they do not explain all of the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Welch
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | - Linnea R Freeman
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA.
- Neurosciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA.
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11
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Woodie LN, Melink LC, Alberto AJ, Burrows M, Fortin SM, Chan CC, Hayes MR, Lazar MA. Hindbrain REV-ERB nuclear receptors regulate sensitivity to diet-induced obesity and brown adipose tissue pathophysiology. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101861. [PMID: 38142970 PMCID: PMC10792761 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the hindbrain is a major point of integration for central and peripheral signals that regulate a wide variety of metabolic functions to maintain energy balance. The REV-ERB nuclear receptors are important modulators of molecular metabolism, but their role in the DVC has yet to be established. METHODS Male REV-ERBα/β floxed mice received stereotaxic injections of a Cre expressing virus to the DVC to create the DVC REV-ERBα/β double knockout (DVC RDKO). Control littermates received stereotaxic injections to the DVC of a green fluorescent protein expressing virus. Animals were maintained on a normal chow diet or a 60% high-fat diet to observe the metabolic phenotype arising from DVC RDKO under healthy and metabolically stressed conditions. RESULTS DVC RDKO animals on high-fat diet exhibited increased weight gain compared to control animals maintained on the same diet. Increased weight gain in DVC RDKO animals was associated with decreased basal metabolic rate and dampened signature of brown adipose tissue activity. RDKO decreased gene expression of calcitonin receptor in the DVC and tyrosine hydroxylase in the brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a previously unappreciated role of REV-ERB nuclear receptors in the DVC for maintaining energy balance and metabolic rate potentially through indirect sympathetic outflow to the brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Woodie
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lily C Melink
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahren J Alberto
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Burrows
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samantha M Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Calvin C Chan
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Liu Z, Louwe PA, Scott CL. Studying Macrophages in the Murine Steatotic Liver Using Flow Cytometry and Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:207-230. [PMID: 37639126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The study of macrophage functions in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) has been hampered by the fact that until recently all macrophages in the liver were thought to be Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver. With the advent of single-cell technologies, it is now clear that the steatotic liver harbors many distinct populations of macrophages, likely each with their own unique functions as well as subsets of monocytes and dendritic cells which can be difficult to discriminate from one another. Here, we detail the protocols we utilize to (i) induce MASLD/MASH in mice, (ii) isolate cells from the steatotic liver, and (iii) describe reliable gating strategies, which can be used to identify the different subsets of myeloid cells. Finally, we also discuss the issue of increased autofluorescence in the steatotic liver and the techniques we use to minimize this both for flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter A Louwe
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, Ireland.
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13
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Xi P, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liang H, Wang H, Tian D. Upregulation of hypothalamic TRPV4 via S100a4/AMPKα signaling pathway promotes the development of diet-induced obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166883. [PMID: 37683711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with abnormal regulation of energy metabolism in the hypothalamus. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is involved in regulating osmotic pressure, temperature and mechanical force transmission, but little is known about its role in obesity. Herein, the present study aimed to elucidate the effect of hypothalamic TRPV4 on high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and evaluate its potential for regulating energy metabolism. Here we show that hypothalamic TRPV4 content is increased in DIO rats. Central administration of adeno-associated virus expressing TRPV4 in these animals remarkably increased body weight and fat mass by activating the S100a4/AMPKα signaling pathway, thereby promoting positive energy metabolism. Overexpressed hypothalamic TRPV4 impaired glucose tolerance, while promoting the accumulation of fat in liver cells, resulting in hepatic steatosis. In addition, the upregulation of hypothalamic TRPV4 reduces high-fat induced central inflammation. This study provides evidence that hypothalamic TRPV4 plays a significant role in regulating homeostasis. Hypothalamic TRPV4 emerges as a target for therapeutic intervention against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjiao Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Huimin Liang
- Department of School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Derun Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China; Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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14
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Kim SQ, Kim J, Choi M, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim KH. Effect of combined administration of Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on a rodent model of diet-induced obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 688:149164. [PMID: 37951155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
A glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide was approved for the treatment of obesity by the Food and Drug Administration. However, it can cause gastrointestinal events at high doses, limiting its broader use. Combining drugs with multiple mechanisms of action could enhance the weight-reducing effects while minimizing side effects. To this end, we investigated the combined effects of semaglutide and avasimibe, an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) inhibitor, on weight reduction in diet-induced obesity mice. Two cohorts of mice were used: In cohort 1, mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks and then randomly assigned to the vehicle, avasimibe [10 mg/kg body weight (BW)], semaglutide (0.4 mg/kg BW), or combination groups. The drugs were administered via subcutaneous (sc) injections on a daily basis. In cohort 2, mice were fed an HF diet for 8 weeks and randomly assigned to the same four groups, but avasimibe was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW, and the drugs were administered every 3 days. In cohort 1, semaglutide initially reduced food intake initially, but this effect was diminished with prolonged administration. Avasimibe, on the other hand, did not affect food intake but prevented weight gain to a lesser extent than semaglutide. Importantly, the combination treatment resulted in the greatest percentage of body weight reduction, along with lower plasma glucose and leptin levels compared to the semaglutide single-treatment group. Cohort 2 confirmed that the superior weight loss in the combination group compared to the other three groups was largely due to a significant reduction in fat mass. Histological analysis of inguinal adipose tissue showed smaller adipocyte size across all treatment groups compared to the vehicle group, with no significant differences among the treatment groups. Collectively, these findings suggest combining semaglutide and avasimibe could be an effective approach to weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Q Kim
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeonghoon Kim
- EFIL BioScience Inc., Bando Ivyvalley, Cheonggyesan-ro, Soojeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Mulim Choi
- EFIL BioScience Inc., Bando Ivyvalley, Cheonggyesan-ro, Soojeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13105, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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15
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Owesny P, Grune T. The link between obesity and aging - insights into cardiac energy metabolism. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 216:111870. [PMID: 37689316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and aging are well-established risk factors for a range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Given the escalating prevalence of obesity, the aging population, and the subsequent increase in cardiovascular diseases, it is crucial to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved. Both aging and obesity have profound effects on the energy metabolism through various mechanisms, including metabolic inflexibility, altered substrate utilization for energy production, deregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we aim to present and discuss the hypothesis that obesity, due to its similarity in changes observed in the aging heart, may accelerate the process of cardiac aging and exacerbate the clinical outcomes of elderly individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Owesny
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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16
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Kotzé-Hörstmann L. Rat models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation: Current trends, shortcomings and considerations for future research. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:449-457. [PMID: 37788944 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Rat diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation (DIO/DIMD) is widely used as a pre-clinical model for human obesity and for testing weight-loss interventions. The aim of this review was to utilise a systematic literature survey of rat DIO/DIMD studies as a tool to document trends around study design and metabolic outcomes of these studies, and to consider ways in which the design of these studies may be improved to enhance the relevance thereof for human obesity research. In total, 110 comparisons between control and obesogenic dietary groups were included in the survey. Young male rats were found to be the model of choice, but fewer than 50% of studies provided comprehensive information about diet composition and energy intake. In addition, it was found that the majority of expected DIO/DIMD responses (hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia) occurred at < 80% frequency, drawing into question the concept of a "typical" or "appropriate" response. We discuss the impact of differences in diet composition and energy intake on metabolic outcomes against the context of large heterogeneity of obesogenic diets employed in rat DIO/DIMD studies, and provide recommendations for the improvement of reporting standards around diet composition and dietary intake. In addition, we highlight the lack of data from female and older rats and describe considerations around the inclusion of sex and age as a variable in rat DIO/DIMD studies, aiming towards improving the applicability of these studies as a model of human obesity, which is most prevalent in women and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| | - Liske Kotzé-Hörstmann
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Institute for Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
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17
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Almehmadi K, Fourman S, Buesing D, Ulrich-Lai YM. Western diet-induced obesity interferes with the HPA axis-blunting effects of palatable food in male rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 270:114285. [PMID: 37392828 PMCID: PMC10529817 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Limited intermittent consumption of palatable food reduces HPA axis responses to stress in chow-fed rats, and this effect is dependent on the rewarding properties of the palatable food. However, obesity may be a state of reduced consummatory food reward, suggesting that palatable foods may be less effective at blunting HPA axis reactivity in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO). To test this hypothesis, adult male Long-Evans rats were given unlimited access to Western (high-fat, high-sugar) diet (WD) vs. normal chow (controls). After 8 weeks of diet exposure, rats were given limited sucrose intake (LSI) consisting of additional twice-daily access to a small amount (4 ml) of either 3% or 30% sucrose drink, or water (controls) for 2 weeks. Rats then received an acute restraint stress challenge, with collection of tail blood samples for measurement of plasma corticosterone. WD-fed rats had increased caloric intake, body weight and adiposity, as expected. Rats offered LSI (3% or 30%) readily drank the maximal amount allowed (8 ml/day) and reduced their dietary intake to compensate for the sucrose calories, such that LSI did not alter body weight regardless of diet type. In chow-fed lean rats, LSI with either 3% or 30% sucrose reduced the plasma corticosterone response to restraint stress, but this effect was absent in WD-fed DIO rats. Together, these data support the hypothesis that obesity attenuates stress blunting by palatable foods and suggest the possibility that consequently, individuals with obesity may need to consume larger amounts of palatable food to obtain adequate stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulood Almehmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA
| | - Sarah Fourman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA
| | - Dana Buesing
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, 45237, USA.
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18
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Barouei J, Martinic A, Bendiks Z, Mishchuk D, Heeney D, Slupsky CM, Marco ML. Type 2-resistant starch and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 result in additive and interactive effects in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res 2023; 118:12-28. [PMID: 37536013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how combining a probiotic with prebiotic dietary fiber affects the ability of either biotic to improve health. We hypothesized that prebiotic, high-amylose maize type 2-resistant starch (RS) together with probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 (LP) as a complementary synbiotic results in additive effects on the gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice and other body sites. Diet-induced obese C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet adjusted to contain RS (20% by weight), LP (109 cells every 48 hours), or both (RS+LP) for 6 weeks. As found for mice fed RS, cecal bacterial alpha diversity was significantly reduced in mice given RS+LP compared with those fed LP and high-fat controls. Similarly, both RS+LP and RS also conferred lower quantities of cecal butyrate and serum histidine and higher ileal TLR2 transcript levels and adipose tissue interleukin-6 protein. As found for mice fed LP, RS+LP-fed mice had higher colonic tissue TH17 cytokines, reduced epididymal fat immune and oxidative stress responses, reduced serum carnitine levels, and increased transcript quantities of hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α. Notably, compared with RS and LP consumed separately, there were also synergistic increases in colonic glucose and hepatic amino acids as well antagonistic effects of LP on RS-mediated increases in serum adiponectin and urinary toxin levels. Our findings show that it is not possible to fully predict outcomes of synbiotic applications based on findings of the probiotic or the prebiotic tested separately; therefore, studies should be conducted to test new synbiotic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Barouei
- Integrated Food Security Research Center, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX; Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Alice Martinic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Zach Bendiks
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Darya Mishchuk
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Dustin Heeney
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA.
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Rayo-Morales R, Segura-Carretero A, Borras-Linares I, Garcia-Burgos D. Suppression of sweet taste-related responses by plant-derived bioactive compounds and eating. Part II: A systematic review in animals. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20511. [PMID: 37860570 PMCID: PMC10582302 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article, the second in a two-part series, continues the discussion on the nature of the relationship between the level of sweet taste suppression and eating behaviour, but in animal rather human subjects. In particular, the aim was to review the scientific literature on the impact that bioactive compounds that decrease oral sweet sensations have on intake, preference and physiological status in preclinical studies. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and covered original papers included in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Food Science Source and Food Science and technology abstracts. We identified 28 peer-reviewed English-language studies that fit the topic and met the inclusion criteria. We identified three plant species, Gymnema sylvestre, Hovenia dulcis, and Ziziphus jujuba, that possess acute sweetness-inhibitory properties. When administered orally, these plants reduced neural responses to sweet stimuli and decreased consumption. However, studies on the longer-term effects of antisweet activity remain to be conducted. Translating the valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sweet taste impairment and eating behaviour into practical clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rayo-Morales
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borras-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Burgos
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
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20
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Rayo-Morales R, Segura-Carretero A, Borras-Linares I, Garcia-Burgos D. Suppression of sweet taste-related responses by plant-derived bioactive compounds and eating. Part I: A systematic review in humans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19733. [PMID: 37817998 PMCID: PMC10560784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The taste of food plays a crucial role in determining what and how much we eat. Thus, interventions that temporarily block sweet taste receptors offer a promising approach to addressing unhealthy behaviours associated with sugary foods. However, the relationship between reduced sweet taste response and food consumption remains unclear, with contradictory findings. Certain studies suggest that a diminished perception of sweetness leads to a sense of fullness and results in reduced food intake, while others suggest the opposite effect. To shed some light, our systematic review looked into the relationship between diminished sweet taste response and food consumption by examining the effects of bioactive compounds that experimentally inhibit sweetness in healthy individuals. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, and covered original papers included in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Food Science Source and Food Science and technology abstracts. We identified 33 peer-reviewed English-language studies that fit the topic and met the inclusion criteria. The current literature predominantly focuses on the immediate impact of oral gymnemic acids, failing to provide preliminary evidence in support of the specific threshold hypothesis, above which food consumption decreases and below which the opposite effect occurs. Additionally, there was inconsistency in the findings regarding the short-term desire to eat following sweetness inhibition. Considering the downstream effects on energy intake and their clinical applications, further research is needed to clarify both the acute within-session effects (i.e., not wanting any more now) and the longer-term effects (i.e., deciding not to start eating) linked to oral sweet-taste-suppressing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Rayo-Morales
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borras-Linares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Burgos
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18010, Granada, Spain
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21
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Abi-Ghanem C, Salinero AE, Kordit D, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Venkataganesh H, Kyaw NR, Gannon OJ, Riccio D, Fredman G, Poitelon Y, Belin S, Kopec AM, Robison LS, Zuloaga KL. Sex differences in the effects of high fat diet on underlying neuropathology in a mouse model of VCID. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 37208759 PMCID: PMC10199629 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to the cerebral vasculature can lead to vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). A reduction in blood flow to the brain leads to neuropathology, including neuroinflammation and white matter lesions that are a hallmark of VCID. Mid-life metabolic disease (obesity, prediabetes, or diabetes) is a risk factor for VCID which may be sex-dependent (female bias). METHODS We compared the effects of mid-life metabolic disease between males and females in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model of VCID. C57BL/6J mice were fed a control or high fat (HF) diet starting at ~ 8.5 months of age. Three months after diet initiation, sham or unilateral carotid artery occlusion surgery (VCID model) was performed. Three months later, mice underwent behavior testing and brains were collected to assess pathology. RESULTS We have previously shown that in this VCID model, HF diet causes greater metabolic impairment and a wider array of cognitive deficits in females compared to males. Here, we report on sex differences in the underlying neuropathology, specifically white matter changes and neuroinflammation in several areas of the brain. White matter was negatively impacted by VCID in males and HF diet in females, with greater metabolic impairment correlating with less myelin markers in females only. High fat diet led to an increase in microglia activation in males but not in females. Further, HF diet led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and pro-resolving mediator mRNA expression in females but not males. CONCLUSIONS The current study adds to our understanding of sex differences in underlying neuropathology of VCID in the presence of a common risk factor (obesity/prediabetes). This information is crucial for the development of effective, sex-specific therapeutic interventions for VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Kordit
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Febronia M Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Nyi-Rein Kyaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Gabrielle Fredman
- Department Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ashley M Kopec
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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22
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Schneider MR, Zettler S, Rathkolb B, Dahlhoff M. TXNIP overexpression in mice enhances streptozotocin-induced diabetes severity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 565:111885. [PMID: 36773839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a key player in the endocrine pancreas; it induces beta cell apoptosis, such that TXNIP deficiency promotes beta cell survival. To study its function in more detail, we generated transgenic mice with ubiquitous overexpression of TXNIP. CBATXNIP/+ mice were investigated under basal conditions and after being challenged in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) models. TXNIP overexpression caused no effect in the DIO model, contrasting to the already reported TXNIP-deficient mice. However, in the T1DM background, CBATXNIP/+ animals showed significantly enhanced blood glucose and increased glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test. Finally, the beta cell mass of CBATXNIP/+ transgenic animals in the T1DM model was significantly reduced compared to control littermates. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of TXNIP doesn't affect blood glucose parameters under basal conditions. However, overexpression of TXNIP in a T1DM model enhances the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silja Zettler
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Horton AL, Campbell EJ, Aumann TD, O'Brien KR, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. Addiction-like behaviour towards high-fat high-sugar food predicts relapse propensity in both obesity prone and obesity resistant C57BL/6 J mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110654. [PMID: 36209772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive overeating of palatable food is thought to underlie some forms of obesity. Similarities are often observed in the behavioural symptomology and the neuropathophysiology underlying substance use disorder and compulsive overeating. As such, preclinical animal models which assess addiction-like behaviour towards food may assist the understanding of the neurobiology underlying overeating behaviour. Further, the relationship between these behaviours and the propensity for diet-induced obesity warrants examination. In this study we investigated the relationship between the propensity for diet-induced obesity (DIO) and addiction-like behaviour towards highly palatable food in C57BL/6 J mice as measured by a 3-criteria model. We also examined the extent to which performance on this 3-criteria model predicted two key hallmark features of addiction - resistance to extinction and relapse propensity (as measured by reinstatement of lever pressing). C57BL/6 J mice were allowed free access to a palatable diet for 8 weeks then separated by weight gain into DIO-prone and DIO-resistant subgroups. Access to palatable food was then restricted to daily operant self-administration sessions whereby addiction-like behaviour towards a high-fat high-sugar food reward was assessed using a 3-criteria model similar to that used to assess addiction-like behaviour towards drugs of abuse. In contrast to findings in rats, no difference in addiction-like behaviour towards food was observed between obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) mice. Similarly, principal components analysis found no distinct patterns in the relationship between addiction-like behaviours across treatment groups. This suggests that the strain and species of rodent may be critical for studying the mechanisms underlying pathological overconsumption. Further analysis revealed that the extent of performance on the 3-criteria model correlated with the propensity for C57BL/6 J mice to both extinguish food seeking behaviour and "relapse" after a period of withdrawal. This finding was evident across all groups, regardless of DIO. Collectively, these data validate the 3-criteria model as a robust model to comprehensively assess food addiction-like behaviour in mice, regardless of prior food intake history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Horton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina R O'Brien
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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24
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Janoschek R, Handwerk M, Hucklenbruch-Rother E, Schmitz L, Bae-Gartz I, Kasper P, Lackmann JW, Kretschmer T, Vohlen C, Mesaros A, Purrio M, Quaas A, Dötsch J, Appel S. Heterogeneous effects of individual high-fat diet compositions on phenotype, metabolic outcome, and hepatic proteome signature in BL/6 male mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36755289 PMCID: PMC9909936 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The multitude of obesogenic diets used in rodent studies can hardly be overviewed. Since standardization is missing and assuming that individual compositions provoke individual effects, the choice of quality, quantity and combination of diet ingredients seems to be crucial for the outcome and interpretation of obesity studies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the individual effects of three commonly used obesogenic diets, mainly differing in sugar and fat content. Besides basic phenotypic and metabolic characterization, one main aspect was a comparative liver proteome analysis. As expected, the obtained results picture differentiated consequences mainly depending on fat source and/or fat- and sugar quantity. By confirming the general presumption that the choice of nutritional composition is a pivotal factor, the present findings demonstrate that a conscious selection is indispensable for obtaining reliable and sound results in obesity research. In conclusion, we strongly recommend a careful selection of the appropriate diet in advance of a new experiment, taking into account the specific research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Janoschek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marion Handwerk
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Hucklenbruch-Rother
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmitz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Bae-Gartz
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Kasper
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Phenotyping Core Facility, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Purrio
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Phenotyping Core Facility, Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Dötsch
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Appel
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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25
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Connolly K, Batacan R, Jackson D, Vella R, Fenning A. Perindopril prevents development of obesity and hypertension in middle aged diet-induced obese rat models of metabolic syndrome. Life Sci 2023; 314:121291. [PMID: 36535403 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic properties of anti-hypertensive medications that extend beyond blood pressure lowering have started to become important clinical targets in recent years. This study aimed to assess the cardioprotective effects of perindopril in attenuating complications associated with metabolic syndrome in diet induced obese rats. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats aged 16 weeks were fed either standard rat chow (SC) or given a high-fat-high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 20 weeks. Perindopril treatment (1 mg/kg/day) was administered to a subset of WKY rats commencing at week 8 of the 20 week HFHC feeding period. Body weights, food, water and energy intakes, blood pressure, heart rate and glucose tolerance were measured throughout the treatment period. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, lipid levels, cardiac collagen deposition, vascular function, aortic and cardiac electrical function were examined after the treatment. KEY FINDINGS WKY rats developed metabolic syndrome after 20 weeks of HFHC feeding, evidenced by the presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance and hypertension. Perindopril treatment prevented the development of obesity and hypertension in WKY-HFHC. Perindopril improved blood lipid profiles in HFHC rats with decreases in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Type I collagen levels were decreased in WKY-HFHC rats along with decreases in left ventricle mass. Perindopril treated rats also showed improved cardiac electrical function indicated by decreases in action potential at 90 % of repolarisation in WKY-HFHC rats. SIGNIFICANCE These results show that perindopril has a profound effect on preventing the development of metabolic syndrome in animals fed a HFHC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Connolly
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Romeo Batacan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia.
| | - Douglas Jackson
- Australian Catholic University, 40 Edward St, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Rebecca Vella
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Andrew Fenning
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
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26
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Lin MC, Peng ZY, Chou HC, Tsai YT, Wei YS, Wang YS, Wang YL, Chang SJ, Chan HL. Fecal Protein Analysis of Dusp6 Knockout C57BL/6J Mice by Metaproteomics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04336-w. [PMID: 36689162 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The research of obesity and gut microbiota has been carried out for years, yet the study process was in a slow pace for several challenges to conquer. As a complex status of disorder, the contributing factors refer to gut microbiota about obesity were controversial in a wide range. In terms of proteomics, 2D-DIGE technology is a powerful method for this study to identify fecal proteins from lean microbiota in Dusp6 knockout C57BL/6J mice, exploring the protein markers of the ability resisting to diet-induced obesity (DIO) transferred to the host mice after fecal microbiota transplantation. The results showed that the fecal microbiota expressed 289 proteins differentially with 23 proteins identified, which were considered to be the reasons to assist the microbiota exhibiting distinct behavior. By means of proteomics technology, we had found that differentially expressed proteins of lean microbiota determined the lean microbial behavior might be able to resist leaky gut. To sum up our study, the proteomics strategies offered as a tool to demonstrate and analyze the features of lean microbiota, providing new speculations in the behavior about the gut microbiota reacting to DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yun Peng
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wang
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Lih Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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27
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Merce AP, Ionică LN, Bînă AM, Popescu S, Lighezan R, Petrescu L, Borza C, Sturza A, Muntean DM, Creţu OM. Monoamine oxidase is a source of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats: the beneficial role of metformin. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:59-67. [PMID: 35723772 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are the global threatening epidemics that share cardiovascular oxidative stress as common denominator. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) has recently emerged as a constant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in DM. Metformin, the first-line drug in T2DM, elicits cardiovascular protection via pleiotropic effects. The present study was aimed to assess the contribution of MAO to the early cardiac oxidative stress in a rat model of high-calorie junk food (HCJF) diet-induced obesity and prediabetes and whether metformin can alleviate it. After 6 months of HCJF, rats developed obesity and hyperglycemia. Hearts were isolated and used for the evaluation of MAO expression and ROS production. Experiments were performed in the presence vs absence of metformin (10 µM) and MAO-A and B inhibitors (clorgyline and selegiline, 10 µM), respectively. Both MAO isoforms were overexpressed and led to increased ROS generation in cardiac samples harvested from the obese animals. Acute treatment with metformin and MAO inhibitors was able to mitigate oxidative stress. More important, metformin downregulated MAO expression in the diseased samples. In conclusion, MAO contributes to oxidative stress in experimental obesity and can be targeted with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P Merce
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Loredana N Ionică
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Anca M Bînă
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Simona Popescu
- Department of Internal Medicine VII - Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Rodica Lighezan
- Department of Infectious Diseases-Parasitology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology II, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Borza
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Department of Functional Sciences III - Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara , Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, EftimieMurgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania. .,Department of Functional Sciences III - Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara , Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Octavian M Creţu
- Department of Surgery - Surgical Semiotics, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania.,Center for Hepato‑Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timişoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041, Timişoara, Romania
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28
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Liu XH, Zhang Y, Chang L, Wei Y, Huang N, Zhou JT, Cheng C, Zhang J, Xu J, Li Z, Li X. Apolipoprotein A-IV reduced metabolic inflammation in white adipose tissue by inhibiting IKK and JNK signaling in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111813. [PMID: 36341820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) plays a role in satiation and serum lipid transport. In diet-induced obesity (DIO) C57BL/6J mice, ApoA-IV deficiency induced in ApoA-IV-/-knock-out (KO mice) resulted in increased bodyweight, insulin resistance (IR) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), which was partially reversed by stable ApoA-IV-green fluorescent protein (KO-A4-GFP) transfection in KO mice. DIO KO mice exhibited increased M1 macrophages in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) as well as in the blood. Based on RNA-sequencing analyses, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, T cell and B cell receptors, and especially IL-17 and TNF-α, were up-regulated in eWAT of DIO ApoA-IV KO compared with WT mice. Supplemented ApoA-IV suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IKK and JNK phosphorylation in Raw264.7 macrophage cell culture assays. When the culture medium was supplemented to 3T3-L1 adipocytes they exhibited an increased sensitivity to insulin. ApoA-IV protects against obesity-associated metabolic inflammation mainly through suppression in M1 macrophages of eWAT, IL17-IKK and IL17-JNK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Liao Chang
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wei
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Ting Zhou
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Bio-evidence Science Academy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, China.
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Lewis SE, Li L, Fazzari M, Salvatore SR, Li J, Hileman EA, Maxwell BA, Schopfer FJ, Arteel GE, Khoo NK, Kelley EE. Obese female mice do not exhibit overt hyperuricemia despite hepatic steatosis and impaired glucose tolerance. Adv Redox Res 2022; 6:100051. [PMID: 36561324 PMCID: PMC9770588 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2022.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have clearly demonstrated a tight correlation between obesity and elevated circulating uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). However, nearly all preclinical work in this area has been completed with male mice, leaving the field with a considerable gap in knowledge regarding female responses to obesity and hyperuricemia. This deficiency in sex as a biological variable extends beyond unknowns regarding uric acid (UA) to several important comorbidities associated with obesity including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To attempt to address this issue, herein we describe both phenotypic and metabolic responses to diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice. Six-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% calories derived from fat) for 32 weeks. The DIO female mice had significant weight gain over the course of the study, higher fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated plasma insulin levels compared to age-matched on normal chow. While these classic indices of DIO and NAFLD were observed such as increased circulating levels of ALT and AST, there was no difference in circulating UA levels. Obese female mice also demonstrated increased hepatic triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester. In addition, several markers of hepatic inflammation were significantly increased. Also, alterations in the expression of redox-related enzymes were observed in obese mice compared to lean controls including increases in extracellular superoxide dismutase (Sod3), heme oxygenase (Ho)-1, and xanthine dehydrogenase (Xdh). Interestingly, hepatic UA levels were significantly elevated (~2-fold) in obese mice compared to their lean counterparts. These data demonstrate female mice assume a similar metabolic profile to that reported in several male models of obesity in the context of alterations in glucose tolerance, hepatic steatosis, and elevated transaminases (ALT and AST) in the absence of hyperuricemia affirming the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 3072B Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV 26506-9229, USA
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | | | | | - Jiang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, USA
| | - Emily A. Hileman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 3072B Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV 26506-9229, USA
| | - Brooke A. Maxwell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 3072B Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV 26506-9229, USA
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicholas K.H. Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, E1340 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, (N.K.H. Khoo)
| | - Eric E. Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 3072B Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV 26506-9229, USA
- Corresponding author: (E.E. Kelley)
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30
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Zhang W, Wang J, Wang L, Shi R, Chu C, Shi Z, Liu P, Li Y, Liu X, Liu Z. Alternate-day fasting prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and working memory impairment in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109146. [PMID: 36049672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternate-day fasting (ADF) regimen has been reported to alleviate obesity and insulin resistance. However, the effects of ADF on preventing diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cognitive deficits are still elusive. In the present study, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mouse model was established. Mice were treated with a 4-week long ADF regimen and/or switching the diet to a standard diet. ADF reduced lipid accumulation, activated AMPK/ULK1 signaling, and suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR. Also, ADF inhibited lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in the white adipose tissue and down-regulated expressions of PPAR-γ and cytokines. Moreover, ADF improved the working memory and synaptic structure in the DIO mice and upregulated PSD-95 and BDNF in the hippocampus. ADF reduced oxidative stress and microglial over-activation in the CNS. These results suggest that ADF attenuates NAFLD development in the liver of DIO mice, which is related to the mediating effects of ADF on autophagy and energy metabolism. ADF also enhanced cognitive function, which could be partly explained by the down-regulated peripheral inflammatory responses. This study indicates that ADF could be a promising intervention for alleviating NAFLD development and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiling Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pujie Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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31
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Becchi S, Hood J, Kendig MD, Mohammadkhani A, Shipman ML, Balleine BW, Borgland SL, Corbit LH. Food for thought: diet-induced impairments to decision-making and amelioration by N-acetylcysteine in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3495-506. [PMID: 36219247 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attempts to lose weight often fail despite knowledge of the health risks associated with obesity and determined efforts. We previously showed that rodents fed an obesogenic diet displayed premature habitual behavioural control and weakened flexible decision-making based on the current value of outcomes produced by their behaviour. Thus, habitual control may contribute to failed attempts to modify eating behaviours. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of an obesogenic diet on behavioural control and glutamate transmission in dorsal striatum regions and to assess the ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reverse deficits. METHODS Here, we examined diet-induced changes to decision-making and used in vitro electrophysiology to investigate the effects of diet on glutamate transmission within the dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum, areas that control goal-directed and habitual behaviours, respectively. We administered NAC in order to normalize glutamate release and tested whether this would restore goal-directed performance following an obesogenic diet. RESULTS We found that an obesogenic diet reduced sensitivity to outcome devaluation and increased glutamate release in the DMS, but not DLS. Administration of NAC restored goal-directed control and normalized mEPSCs in the DMS. Finally, NAC administered directly to the DMS was sufficient to reinstate sensitivity to outcome devaluation following an obesogenic diet. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that obesogenic diets alter neural activity in the basal ganglia circuit responsible for goal-directed learning and control which leads to premature habitual control. While the effects of diet are numerous and widespread, normalization of glutamatergic activity in this circuit is sufficient for restoring goal-directed behaviour.
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Eerola K, Longo F, Reinbothe TM, Richard JE, Shevchouk OT, López-Ferreras L, Mishra D, Asker M, Tolö J, Miranda C, Musovic S, Olofsson CS, Rorsman P, Skibicka KP. Hindbrain insulin controls feeding behavior. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101614. [PMID: 36244663 PMCID: PMC9637798 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic insulin was discovered a century ago, and this discovery led to the first lifesaving treatment for diabetes. While still controversial, nearly one hundred published reports suggest that insulin is also produced in the brain, with most focusing on hypothalamic or cortical insulin-producing cells. However, specific function for insulin produced within the brain remains poorly understood. Here we identify insulin expression in the hindbrain's dorsal vagal complex (DVC), and determine the role of this source of insulin in feeding and metabolism, as well as its response to diet-induced obesity in mice. METHODS To determine the contribution of Ins2-producing neurons to feeding behavior in mice, we used the cross of transgenic RipHER-cre mouse and channelrhodopsin-2 expressing animals, which allowed us to optogenetically stimulate neurons expressing Ins2 in vivo. To confirm the presence of insulin expression in Rip-labeled DVC cells, in situ hybridization was used. To ascertain the specific role of insulin in effects discovered via optogenetic stimulation a selective, CNS applied, insulin receptor antagonist was used. To understand the physiological contribution of insulin made in the hindbrain a virogenetic knockdown strategy was used. RESULTS Insulin gene expression and presence of insulin-promoter driven fluorescence in rat insulin promoter (Rip)-transgenic mice were detected in the hypothalamus, but also in the DVC. Insulin mRNA was present in nearly all fluorescently labeled cells in DVC. Diet-induced obesity in mice altered brain insulin gene expression, in a neuroanatomically divergent manner; while in the hypothalamus the expected obesity-induced reduction was found, in the DVC diet-induced obesity resulted in increased expression of the insulin gene. This led us to hypothesize a potentially divergent energy balance role of insulin in these two brain areas. To determine the acute impact of activating insulin-producing neurons in the DVC, optic stimulation of light-sensitive channelrhodopsin 2 in Rip-transgenic mice was utilized. Optogenetic photoactivation induced hyperphagia after acute activation of the DVC insulin neurons. This hyperphagia was blocked by central application of the insulin receptor antagonist S961, suggesting the feeding response was driven by insulin. To determine whether DVC insulin has a necessary contribution to feeding and metabolism, virogenetic insulin gene knockdown (KD) strategy, which allows for site-specific reduction of insulin gene expression in adult mice, was used. While chow-fed mice failed to reveal any changes of feeding or thermogenesis in response to the KD, mice challenged with a high-fat diet consumed less food. No changes in body weight were identified, possibly resulting from compensatory reduction in thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest an important role for hindbrain insulin and insulin-producing cells in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Eerola
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Unit of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Francesco Longo
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Devesh Mishra
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Asker
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Tolö
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Miranda
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saliha Musovic
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Rorsman
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Karolina P. Skibicka
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Nutritional Sciences and The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. Fax: +46 31 786 3512.
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Chu Y, Wang S, Zhu Y, Yu F, Zhang K, Ma X. TRPC5 mediates endothelium-dependent contraction in the carotid artery of diet-induced obese mice. Hypertens Res 2022. [PMID: 36123395 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of the transient receptor potential canonical channel isoform 5 (TRPC5), a Ca2+-sensitive channel, to vasoconstriction in obesity. In this study, we found that the TRPC5 expression and carotid artery contraction of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were significantly higher than those of wild-type mice. Endothelium-dependent vasocontraction was inhibited by the TRPC5 inhibitor clemizole and the knockout of TRPC5 in DIO mouse carotid arteries, while activation of TRPC5 enhanced contraction in wild-type mice. TRPC5-regulated vasocontraction can be inhibited by the ROS scavenger NAC and the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Our study suggested that upregulation of TRPC5 contributes to endothelium-dependent contraction, which is involved in ROS production and COX-2 expression in DIO mouse carotid arteries. From these results, we speculated that TRPC5 mediated endothelium-dependent contraction in the carotid artery of DIO mice, which was achieved by increasing the levels of ROS and COX-2 expression.
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34
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Oehler D, Spychala A, Gödecke A, Lang A, Gerdes N, Ruas J, Kelm M, Szendroedi J, Westenfeld R. Full-length transcriptomic analysis in murine and human heart reveals diversity of PGC-1α promoters and isoforms regulated distinctly in myocardial ischemia and obesity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:169. [PMID: 35907957 PMCID: PMC9338484 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) acts as a transcriptional coactivator and regulates mitochondrial function. Various isoforms are generated by alternative splicing and differentially regulated promoters. In the heart, total PGC-1α deficiency knockout leads to dilatative cardiomyopathy, but knowledge on the complexity of cardiac isoform expression of PGC-1α remains sparse. Thus, this study aims to generate a reliable dataset on cardiac isoform expression pattern by long-read mRNA sequencing, followed by investigation of differential regulation of PGC-1α isoforms under metabolic and ischemic stress, using high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-induced obesity and a murine model of myocardial infarction. Results Murine (C57Bl/6J) or human heart tissue (obtained during LVAD-surgery) was used for long-read mRNA sequencing, resulting in full-length transcriptomes including 58,000 mRNA isoforms with 99% sequence accuracy. Automatic bioinformatic analysis as well as manual similarity search against exonic sequences leads to identification of putative coding PGC-1α isoforms, validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Thereby, 12 novel transcripts generated by hitherto unknown splicing events were detected. In addition, we postulate a novel promoter with homologous and strongly conserved sequence in human heart. High-fat diet as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury transiently reduced cardiac expression of PGC-1α isoforms, with the most pronounced effect in the infarcted area. Recovery of PGC-1α-isoform expression was even more decelerated when I/R was performed in diet-induced obese mice. Conclusions We deciphered for the first time a complete full-length transcriptome of the murine and human heart, identifying novel putative PGC-1α coding transcripts including a novel promoter. These transcripts are differentially regulated in I/R and obesity suggesting transcriptional regulation and alternative splicing that may modulate PGC-1α function in the injured and metabolically challenged heart. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01360-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oehler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - André Spychala
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge Ruas
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Dandin E, Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, Ateş-Kalkan PS, Cansız D, Beler M, Ak E, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Stevioside ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, in a diet-induced obese zebrafish model, through epigenetic, oxidative stress and inflammatory regulation. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022:S1871-403X(22)00002-3. [PMID: 35031270 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms affect obesity-related mechanisms. Due to weight gain concern in society, artificial sweeteners with no nutritional value have been increasingly consumed. Stevia is a sweet natural glycoside and a calorie-free sweetner extracted from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and used as a substitute for artificial sweetners. This study evaluates the effects of stevioside on glucose tolerance, epigenetic and metabolic regulators of insulin resistance, oxidant-antioxidant status and tissue histology in a diet-induced obese (DIO) zebrafish model. After 15 days of overfeeding body weight, and fasting blood glucose, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels and the expressions of fbf21, lepa, ll21, tnfα were elevated, where as there was impaired glucose tolerance and lower superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities, dnmt3a expression which is an epigenetic tool of insulin resistance. Beneficial effects of stevioside were observed on glucose tolerance, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators linking obesity to insulin resistance and its epigenetic regulation, in DIO model.
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Faour M, Magnan C, Gurden H, Martin C. Olfaction in the context of obesity and diabetes: Insights from animal models to humans. Neuropharmacology 2021; 206:108923. [PMID: 34919903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system is at the crossroad between sensory processing and metabolic sensing. In addition to being the center of detection and identification of food odors, it is a sensor for most of the hormones and nutrients responsible for feeding behavior regulation. The consequences of modifications in body homeostasis, nutrient overload and alteration of this brain network in the pathological condition of food-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes are still not elucidated. The aim of this review was first to use both humans and animal studies to report on the current knowledge of the consequences of obesity and type 2 diabetes on odorant threshold and olfactory perception including identification discrimination and memory. We then discuss how olfactory processing can be modified by an alteration of the metabolic homeostasis of the organism and available elements on pharmacological treatments that regulate olfaction. We focus on data within the olfactory system but also on the interactions between the olfactory system and other brain networks impacted by metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Faour
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Hirac Gurden
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Claire Martin
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Zhu Y, Wen L, Wang S, Zhang K, Cui Y, Zhang C, Feng L, Yu F, Chen Y, Wang R, Ma X. Omega-3 fatty acids improve flow-induced vasodilation by enhancing TRPV4 in arteries from diet-induced obese mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2450-2458. [PMID: 33070195 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have shown the intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with low rates of obesity and ischaemic pathologies. Omega-3 also have anti-inflammatory and plaque-stabilization effects and regulate vasodilation and constriction. However, there are few studies of the role of omega-3 in flow-induced vasodilation involving Ca2+-permeable ion channel TRPV4 in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse. Here, we determined whether omega-3 protect against vascular dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet by enhancing TRPV4 activity and subsequently improving flow-mediated vasodilation. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow-mediated vasodilation in second-order mesenteric arteries from mice was measured using a pressure myograph. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration in response to flow and GSK1016790A (a TRPV4 agonist) was measured by Fluo-4 fluorescence. Whole-cell current was measured by patch clamp. Cell membrane tether force was measured by atomic force microscopy. Impairment of flow-mediated vasodilation in arteries and Ca2+ influx in endothelial cells from DIO mice was restored by omega-3 treatment. The improved flow-induced vasodilation was inhibited by the TRPV4 antagonist HC067047 and in TRPV4-/- mice. Omega-3 treatment enhanced endothelial TRPV4 activity and altered cell membrane mechanic property, as indicated by enhanced GSK1016790A-induced Ca2+ influx and whole-cell current and altered membrane mean tether force in endothelial cells from DIO mice. CONCLUSION Omega-3 improve vascular function by improving flow-induced vasodilation via enhancing TRPV4 activity in the endothelium of obese mice which may be related to improved cell membrane physical property. Activation of TRPV4 in endothelium plays an important role in the protective mechanisms of omega-3 against vascular dysfunction in obesity by improving flow-mediated vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Lei Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yongquan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | | | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
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Crites S, Joumaa V, Rios JL, Sawatsky A, Hart DA, Reimer RA, Herzog W. Moderate aerobic exercise, but not dietary prebiotic fibre, attenuates losses to mechanical property integrity of tail tendons in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. J Biomech 2021; 129:110798. [PMID: 34700144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the alterations with obesity, and the effects of moderate aerobic exercise or prebiotic dietary-fibre supplementation on the mechanical and biochemical properties of the tail tendon in a rat model of high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet-induced obesity. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to chow (n = 8) or HFS (n = 24) diets. After 12-weeks, the HFS fed rats were further randomized into sedentary (HFS sedentary, n = 8), exercise (HFS + E, n = 8) or prebiotic fibre supplementation (HFS + F, n = 8) groups. After another 12-weeks, rats were sacrificed, and one tail tendon was isolated and tested. Stress-relaxation and stretch-to-failure tests were performed to determine mechanical properties (peak, steady-state, yield and failure stresses, Young's modulus, and yield and failure strains) of the tendons. The hydroxyproline content was also analyzed. The HFS sedentary and HFS + F groups had higher final body masses and fat percentages compared to the chow and HFS + E groups. Yield strain was reduced in the HFS sedentary rats compared to the chow rats. Peak and steady-state stresses, failure strain, Young's modulus, and hydroxyproline content were not different across groups. Although the HFS + E group showed higher failure stress, yield stress, and yield strain compared to the HFS sedentary group, HFS + F animals did not produce differences in the properties of the tail tendon compared to the HFS sedentary group. These results indicate that exposure to a HFS diet led to a reduction in the yield strain of the tail tendon and aerobic exercise, but not fibre supplementation, attenuated these diet-related alterations to tendon integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Crites
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Venus Joumaa
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherland
| | - Andrew Sawatsky
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Rai P, Chuong C, LeRoith T, Smyth JW, Panov J, Levi M, Kehn-Hall K, Duggal NK, Lucarelli JW. Adenovirus transduction to express human ACE2 causes obesity-specific morbidity in mice, impeding studies on the effect of host nutritional status on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Virology 2021; 563:98-106. [PMID: 34509029 PMCID: PMC8414371 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed the global economy and resulted in millions of deaths globally. People with co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes and hypertension are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness. This is of overwhelming concern because 42% of Americans are obese, 30% are pre-diabetic and 9.4% have clinical diabetes. Here, we investigated the effect of obesity on disease severity following SARS-CoV-2 infection using a well-established mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Diet-induced obese and lean control C57BL/6 N mice, transduced for ACE2 expression using replication-defective adenovirus, were infected with SARS-CoV-2, and monitored for lung pathology, viral titers, and cytokine expression. No significant differences in tissue pathology or viral replication was observed between AdV transduced lean and obese groups, infected with SARS-CoV-2, but certain cytokines were expressed more significantly in infected obese mice compared to the lean ones. Notably, significant weight loss was observed in obese mice treated with the adenovirus vector, independent of SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting an obesity-dependent morbidity induced by the vector. These data indicate that the adenovirus-transduced mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as described here and elsewhere, may be inappropriate for nutrition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Christina Chuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James W Smyth
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Julia Panov
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, Haifa 3498838, Israel; Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James-Weger Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Xiang X, Zhou X, Wang W, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Deng S, Zheng B, Wen Z. Effect of Antarctic krill phospholipid (KOPL) on high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110456. [PMID: 34507719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the main lipid components in Antarctic krill oil, and the combination of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) shows multiple nutritional advantages. At present, the research about Antarctic krill phospholipid (KOPL) mainly focuses on the purification, and there are few reports on the anti-obesity effect. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of KOPL on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. All the mice were divided into five groups, which were fed chow diet, HFD, and different doses of KOPL + HFD, respectively. The results showed that KOPL treatment could reduce the weight gain, fat accumulation, and liver tissue damage in HFD-induced mice. KOPL treatment could reduce the levels of serum lipid (TC, TG, L-LDL) and fasting blood glucose in HFD-induced mice, and the inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in serum. Further analysis showed that KOPL could promote the normal expression of lipid-synthesis-related genes and proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) in liver tissue. Besides, it inhibited the overexpression of inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β and TNF-α), but increased the expression of tight junction genes (ZO-1 and Occludin) in the colon tissue. Additionally, KOPL improved the decrease of diversity and imbalance of intestinal microbiota, which could contribute to its beneficial effects. In summary, the KOPL treatment improves the effects of HFD-induced obese mice by maintaining normal lipid levels, protecting the liver tissue, reducing inflammation response and intestinal damage, and regulating intestinal microbiota abnormalities. It refer to KOPL could be a promising dietary strategy for treating obesity and improving its related metabolic diseases.
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Marin C, Tuts J, Luyten FP, Vandamme K, Kerckhofs G. Impaired soft and hard callus formation during fracture healing in diet-induced obese mice as revealed by 3D contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging. Bone 2021; 150:116008. [PMID: 33992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of diabetes mellitus on bone fracture healing is clinically relevant as the patients experience delayed fracture healing. Even though efforts have been made to understand the detrimental effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the fracture healing process, the exact mechanisms causing the pathophysiological outcomes remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess alterations in bone fracture healing (tibial fracture surgery, intramedullary pinning) of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, and to investigate the in vitro properties of osteochondroprogenitors derived from the diabetic micro-environment. High-resolution contrast-enhanced microfocus X-ray computed tomography (CE-CT) enabled a simultaneous 3D assessment of the amount and spatial distribution of the regenerated soft and hard tissues during fracture healing and revealed that osteogenesis as well as chondrogenesis are altered in DIO mice. Compared to age-matched lean controls, DIO mice presented a decreased bone volume fraction and increased callus volume and adiposity at day 14 post-fracture. Of note, bone turnover was found altered in DIO mice relative to controls, evidenced by decreased blood serum osteocalcin and increased serum CTX levels. The in vitro data revealed that not only the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) were altered by hyperglycemic (HG) conditions, but also the chondrogenic differentiation. Elevated PPARγ expression in HG conditions confirmed the observed increase in differentiated adipocytes in vitro. Finally, chondrogenesis-related genes COL2 and COL10 were downregulated for PDCs treated with HG medium, confirming that chondrogenic differentiation is compromised in vitro and suggesting that this may affect callus formation and maturation during the fracture healing process in vivo. Altogether, these results provide novel insights into the alterations of long bone fracture repair and suggest a link between HG-induced dysfunctionality of osteochondroprogenitor differentiation and fracture healing impairment under T2DM conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marin
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Tuts
- Biomaterials - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Vandamme
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomaterials - BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Prometheus - Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Material Science and Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Institute for Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium.
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Ye L, Jia G, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Yu L, Wu D. C1q/TNF-related protein 4 restores leptin sensitivity by downregulating NF-κB signaling and microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:159. [PMID: 34275474 PMCID: PMC8286609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective C1qTNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) acts in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake in diet-induced obese mice and has been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages. Since high-fat diet-induced microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation impair leptin signaling and increase food intake, we aimed to explore the potential connection between the anorexigenic effect of CTRP4 and the suppression of hypothalamic inflammation in mice with DIO. Methods Using an adenovirus-mediated hypothalamic CTRP4 overexpression model, we investigated the impact of CTRP4 on food intake and the hypothalamic leptin signaling pathway in diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, central and plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, were measured by Western blotting and ELISA. Changes in the hypothalamic NF-κB signaling cascade and microglial activation were also examined in vivo. In addition, NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory factors were investigated in BV-2 cells after CTRP4 intervention. Results We found that food intake was decreased, while leptin signaling was significantly improved in mice with DIO after CTRP4 overexpression. Central and peripheral TNF-α and IL-6 levels were reduced by central Ad-CTRP4 administration. Hypothalamic NF-κB signaling and microglial activation were also significantly suppressed in vivo. In addition, NF-κB signaling was inhibited in BV-2 cells following CTRP4 intervention, which was consistent with the decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusions Our data indicate that CTRP4 reverses leptin resistance by inhibiting NF-κB-dependent microglial activation and hypothalamic inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02167-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Gongwei Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuejie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dandong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Wallace CW, Fordahl SC. Obesity and dietary fat influence dopamine neurotransmission: exploring the convergence of metabolic state, physiological stress, and inflammation on dopaminergic control of food intake. Nutr Res Rev 2021;:1-16. [PMID: 34184629 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore how metabolic changes induced by diets high in saturated fat (HFD) affect nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine neurotransmission and food intake, and to explore how stress and inflammation influence this process. Recent evidence linked diet-induced obesity and HFD with reduced dopamine release and reuptake. Altered dopamine neurotransmission could disrupt satiety circuits between NAc dopamine terminals and projections to the hypothalamus. The NAc directs learning and motivated behaviours based on homeostatic needs and psychological states. Therefore, impaired dopaminergic responses to palatable food could contribute to weight gain by disrupting responses to food cues or stress, which impacts type and quantity of food consumed. Specifically, saturated fat promotes neuronal resistance to anorectic hormones and activation of immune cells that release proinflammatory cytokines. Insulin has been shown to regulate dopamine neurotransmission by enhancing satiety, but less is known about effects of diet-induced stress. Therefore, changes to dopamine signalling due to HFD warrant further examination to characterise crosstalk of cytokines with endocrine and neurotransmitter signals. A HFD promotes a proinflammatory environment that may disrupt neuronal endocrine function and dopamine signalling that could be exacerbated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and κ-opioid receptor stress systems. Together, these adaptive changes may dysregulate eating by changing NAc dopamine during hedonic versus homeostatic food intake. This could drive palatable food cravings during energy restriction and hinder weight loss. Understanding links between HFD and dopamine neurotransmission will inform treatment strategies for diet-induced obesity and identify molecular candidates for targeted therapeutics.
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Bourdy R, Hertz A, Filliol D, Andry V, Goumon Y, Mendoza J, Olmstead MC, Befort K. The endocannabinoid system is modulated in reward and homeostatic brain regions following diet-induced obesity in rats: a cluster analysis approach. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4621-4633. [PMID: 34165614 PMCID: PMC8222960 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Increased availability of high-calorie palatable food in most countries has resulted in overconsumption of these foods, suggesting that excessive eating is driven by pleasure, rather than metabolic need. The behavior contributes to the rise in eating disorders, obesity, and associated pathologies like diabetes, cardiac disease, and cancers. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine and homeostatic circuits are interconnected and play a central role in palatable food intake. The endocannabinoid system is expressed in these circuits and represents a potent regulator of feeding, but the impact of an obesogenic diet on its expression is not fully known. Methods Food intake and body weight were recorded in male Wistar rats over a 6-week free-choice regimen of high fat and sugar; transcriptional regulations of the endocannabinoid system were examined post-mortem in brain reward regions (prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, and arcuate nucleus). K-means cluster analysis was used to classify animals based on individual sensitivity to obesity and palatable food intake. Endocannabinoid levels were quantified in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Gene expression in dopamine and homeostatic systems, including ghrelin and leptin receptors, and classical homeostatic peptides, were also investigated. Results The free-choice high-fat -and sugar diet induced hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Cluster analysis revealed that the propensity to develop obesity and excessive palatable food intake was differently associated with dopamine and endocannabinoid system gene expression in reward and homeostatic brain regions. CB2 receptor mRNA was increased in the nucleus accumbens of high sugar consumers, whereas CB1 receptor mRNA was decreased in obesity prone rats. Conclusions Transcriptional data are consistent with observations of altered dopamine function in rodents that have access to an obesogenic diet and point to cannabinoid receptors as GPCR targets involved in neuroplasticity mechanisms associated with maladaptive intake of palatable food. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02613-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bourdy
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR7364, Université́ de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandra Hertz
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR7364, Université́ de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Filliol
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR7364, Université́ de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Andry
- Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives (INCI), UPR3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives (INCI), UPR3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives (INCI), UPR3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR7364, Université́ de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Patel SP, Talbert ME. Identification of genetic modifiers of lifespan on a high sugar diet in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07153. [PMID: 34141921 PMCID: PMC8187823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become beneficial in identifying genetic variants underlying susceptibility to various complex diseases and conditions, including obesity. Utilizing the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), we performed a GWAS of lifespan of 193 genetically distinct lines on a high sugar diet (HSD). The DGRP analysis pipeline determined the most significant lifespan associated polymorphisms were within loci of genes involved in: neural processes, behavior, development, and apoptosis, among other functions. Next, based on the relevance to obesity pathology, and the availability of transgenic RNAi lines targeting the genes we identified, whole-body in vivo knockdown of several candidate genes was performed. We utilized the GAL4-UAS binary expression system to independently validate the impacts of these loci on Drosophila lifespan during HSD. These loci were largely confirmed to affect lifespan in that HSD setting, as well as a normal diet setting. However, we also detected unexpected dietary effects of the HSD, including inconsistent diet effects on lifespan relative to a normal diet and a strong downregulation of feeding quantity.
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Liang D, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhang H, Hu H, Dai X. Potato resistant starch inhibits diet-induced obesity by modifying the composition of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in obese mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:458-469. [PMID: 33711371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Potato resistant starch type 3 (PRS) is helpful for weight-loss. To investigate the regulatory effects of PRS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, different doses of PRS (5%, 15% and 25%) were fed to mice for 12 weeks. Metabolic syndrome related to obesity, intestinal microbiota composition and its metabolites as well as the relationship among them were studied. Results showed that PRS could regulate HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in a dose dependent manner; promote the proliferation of intestinal cells and expression of tight junction proteins, such as Occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1; reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) rate; regulate the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides and Coprococcus; and promote the production of microbial metabolites, such as propionic acid and acetic acid. Besides, the alteration in the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolites were significantly correlated. It could be concluded that propionic acid and acetic acid were the two dominant metabolites of Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Coprococcus, which contributed to the anti-obesity potential of PRS, metabolic syndrome alleviation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hongzhu Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Hefei CAAS Nutridoer Co. Ltd., Academy of Food Nutrition and Health Innovation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 238000, PR China
| | - Honghai Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Steckelings UM, Lorenzo MP, Viana M, Boisvert WA, Unger T, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B. C21 preserves endothelial function in the thoracic aorta from DIO mice: role for AT2, Mas and B2 receptors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1145-1163. [PMID: 33899912 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compound 21 (C21), a selective agonist of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), induces vasodilation through NO release. Since AT2R seems to be overexpressed in obesity, we hypothesize that C21 prevents the development of obesity-related vascular alterations. The main goal of the present study was to assess the effect of C21 on thoracic aorta endothelial function in a model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to elucidate the potential cross-talk among AT2R, Mas receptor (MasR) and/or bradykinin type 2 receptor (B2R) in this response. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (CHOW) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 6 weeks and treated daily with C21 (1 mg/kg p.o) or vehicle, generating four groups: CHOW-C, CHOW-C21, HF-C, HF-C21. Vascular reactivity experiments were performed in thoracic aorta rings. Human endothelial cells (HECs; EA.hy926) were used to elucidate the signaling pathways, both at receptor and intracellular levels. Arteries from HF mice exhibited increased contractions to Ang II than CHOW mice, effect that was prevented by C21. PD123177, A779 and HOE-140 (AT2R, Mas and B2R antagonists) significantly enhanced Ang II-induced contractions in CHOW but not in HF-C rings, suggesting a lack of functionality of those receptors in obesity. C21 prevented those alterations and favored the formation of AT2R/MasR and MasR/B2R heterodimers. HF mice also exhibited impaired relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) due to a reduced NO availability. C21 preserved NO release through PKA/p-eNOS and AKT/p-eNOS signaling pathways. In conclusion, C21 favors the interaction among AT2R, MasR and B2R and prevents the development of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction by stimulating NO release through PKA/p-eNOS and AKT/p-eNOS signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor Cross-Talk
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/therapeutic use
- Vascular Diseases/etiology
- Vascular Diseases/metabolism
- Vascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Paz Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB311, Honolulu, HI 96813, U.S.A
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
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48
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Loehfelm A, Rizwan MZ, Tups A. A New Zealand green-lipped mussel oil-enriched high-fat diet exhibits beneficial effects on body weight and metabolism in mice. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:972-82. [PMID: 32594917 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To induce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents, diets high in saturated fat and/or carbohydrates are commonly used. In the laboratory, standardised diets evolved over time without paying particular attention to the effect of fat composition on metabolic alterations. In the present study, customised high-fat diets (HFD) enriched with a combination of lard and different concentrations of New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) oil or MSC Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae, blue grenadier) liver oil, important sources of n-3 PUFA, in comparison with a solely lard-based diet, were fed to lean and DIO male C57BL/6 mice and their effects on metabolic parameters were monitored. Intriguingly, an isoenergetic HFD containing 63 % of total fat in the form of mussel oil and only 28 % in the form of lard attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain after 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. Consistently, changing a lard-enriched HFD to the mussel oil diet reduced body weight markedly even after mice had been exposed to the former diet for 10 months. The weight-reducing effect of the diet was not caused by altered energy intake or expenditure, but was associated with reduced visceral fat mass. Collectively, these data suggest a novel weight-reducing potential of green-lipped mussel oil.
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49
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Syarif, Rasyid H, Aman M, Lawrence GS. High-fat diet increases the level of circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Wistar rats, independent of obesity. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 65:102266. [PMID: 33868686 PMCID: PMC8047162 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low-grade chronic inflammation has emerged as a key pathogenic link between high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the increased risk of chronic diseases. Evidence has shown that HFDs may induce inflammation in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is a product of various cells that is known to be an inflammatory marker. This study investigated whether a HFD could induce obesity and increase the level of MCP-1 in Wistar rats. Methods The Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: normal diet (ND) and HFD (n = 12 per group). Both groups were fed for 8 and 16 weeks, thus dividing the rats into 4 arms: ND8, ND16, HFD8, and HFD16 (n = 6 per sub-group). Obesity in rats was measured using the Lee index. Blood samples were taken to measure the level of MCP-1. Results Our results showed that obesity did not occur in the group with a normal diet (ND8 and ND16). However, in the HFD group (HFD8 and HFD16), 4 of the 6 rats became obese. However, MCP-1 was significantly higher among non-obese rats in the HFD group compared with the ND group (p < 0.001). Conclusion HFDs have been shown to increase the risk of obesity. In addition, increases in circulating MCP-1 were significantly different between Wistar rats given a HFD compared with the ND group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syarif
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Haerani Rasyid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Makbul Aman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Gatot S Lawrence
- Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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50
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Cawthon CR, de La Serre CB. The critical role of CCK in the regulation of food intake and diet-induced obesity. Peptides 2021; 138:170492. [PMID: 33422646 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 1973, Gibbs, Young, and Smith showed that exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) administration reduces food intake in rats. This initial report has led to thousands of studies investigating the physiological role of CCK in regulating feeding behavior. CCK is released from enteroendocrine I cells present along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CCK binding to its receptor CCK1R leads to vagal afferent activation providing post-ingestive feedback to the hindbrain. Vagal afferent neurons' (VAN) sensitivity to CCK is modulated by energy status while CCK signaling regulates gene expression of other feeding related signals and receptors expressed by VAN. In addition to its satiation effects, CCK acts all along the GI tract to optimize digestion and nutrient absorption. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is characterized by reduced sensitivity to CCK and every part of the CCK system is negatively affected by chronic intake of energy-dense foods. EEC have recently been shown to adapt to diet, CCK1R is affected by dietary fats consumption, and the VAN phenotypic flexibility is lost in DIO. Altered endocannabinoid tone, changes in gut microbiota composition, and chronic inflammation are currently being explored as potential mechanisms for diet driven loss in CCK signaling. This review discusses our current understanding of how CCK controls food intake in conditions of leanness and how control is lost in chronic energy excess and obesity, potentially perpetuating excessive intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cawthon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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