1
|
Araki T, Miwa N. Selective epigenetic alterations in RNF43 in pancreatic exocrine cells from high-fat-diet-induced obese mice; implications for pancreatic cancer. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:106. [PMID: 38622664 PMCID: PMC11020883 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer (PC) originates and progresses with genetic mutations in various oncogenes and suppressor genes, notably KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4, prevalent across diverse PC cells. In addition to genetic mutations/deletions, persistent exposure to high-risk factors, including obesity, induces whole-genome scale epigenetic alterations contributing to malignancy. However, the impact of obesity on DNA methylation in the presymptomatic stage, particularly in genes prone to PC mutation, remains uncharacterized. RESULTS We analyzed the methylation levels of 197 loci in six genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, SMAD4, GNAS and RNF43) using Illumina Mouse Methylation BeadChip array (280 K) data from pancreatic exocrine cells obtained from high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Results revealed no significant differences in methylation levels in loci between HFD- and normal-fat-diet (NFD)-fed mice, except for RNF43, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, which showed hypermethylation in three loci. These findings indicate that, in mouse pancreatic exocrine cells, high-fat dietary obesity induced aberrant DNA methylation in RNF43 but not in other frequently mutated PC-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongo, Iruma-gun, 350-0495, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naofumi Miwa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongo, Iruma-gun, 350-0495, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan JM, Clendenning M, Joseland S, Georgeson P, Mahmood K, Joo JE, Walker R, Como J, Preston S, Chai SM, Chu YL, Meyers AL, Pope BJ, Duggan D, Fink JL, Macrae FA, Rosty C, Winship IM, Jenkins MA, Buchanan DD. Inherited BRCA1 and RNF43 pathogenic variants in a familial colorectal cancer type X family. Fam Cancer 2024; 23:9-21. [PMID: 38063999 PMCID: PMC10869370 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-023-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC), including for individuals classified as Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX), remains poorly understood. We describe a multi-generation CRC-affected family segregating pathogenic variants in both BRCA1, a gene associated with breast and ovarian cancer and RNF43, a gene associated with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS). A single family out of 105 families meeting the criteria for FCCTX (Amsterdam I family history criteria with mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient CRCs) recruited to the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (ACCFR; 1998-2008) that underwent whole exome sequencing (WES), was selected for further testing. CRC and polyp tissue from four carriers were molecularly characterized including a single CRC that underwent WES to determine tumor mutational signatures and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events. Ten carriers of a germline pathogenic variant BRCA1:c.2681_2682delAA p.Lys894ThrfsTer8 and eight carriers of a germline pathogenic variant RNF43:c.988 C > T p.Arg330Ter were identified in this family. Seven members carried both variants, four of which developed CRC. A single carrier of the RNF43 variant met the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO2019) criteria for SPS, developing a BRAF p.V600 wildtype CRC. Loss of the wildtype allele for both BRCA1 and RNF43 variants was observed in three CRC tumors while a LOH event across chromosome 17q encompassing both genes was observed in a CRC. Tumor mutational signature analysis identified the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-associated COSMIC signatures SBS3 and ID6 in a CRC for a carrier of both variants. Our findings show digenic inheritance of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and RNF43 segregating with CRC in a FCCTX family. LOH and evidence of BRCA1-associated HRD supports the importance of both these tumor suppressor genes in CRC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Chan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharelle Joseland
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jihoon E Joo
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Romy Walker
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Como
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Preston
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shuyi Marci Chai
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Lin Chu
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron L Meyers
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernard J Pope
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Duggan
- Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J Lynn Fink
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Translational Genomics Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Envoi Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsukiyama T. New insights in ubiquitin-dependent Wnt receptor regulation in tumorigenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00855-w. [PMID: 38383910 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in embryonic development and homeostasis maintenance. Delicate and sensitive fine-tuning of Wnt signaling based on the proper timings and positions is required to balance cell proliferation and differentiation and maintain individual health. Therefore, homeostasis is broken by tissue hypoplasia or tumor formation once Wnt signal dysregulation disturbs the balance of cell proliferation. The well-known regulatory mechanism of Wnt signaling is the molecular reaction associated with the cytoplasmic accumulation of effector β-catenin. In addition to β-catenin, most Wnt effector proteins are also regulated by ubiquitin-dependent modification, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This review will explain the regulation of the whole Wnt signal in four regulatory phases, as well as the different ubiquitin ligases and the function of deubiquitinating enzymes in each phase. Along with the recent results, the mechanism by which RNF43 negatively regulates the surface expression of Wnt receptors, which has recently been well understood, will be detailed. Many RNF43 mutations have been identified in pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers and examined for their functional alteration in Wnt signaling. Several mutations facilitate or activate the Wnt signal, reversing the RNF43 tumor suppressor function into an oncogene. RNF43 may simultaneously play different roles in classical multistep tumorigenesis, as both wild-type and mutant RNF43 suppress the p53 pathway. We hope that the knowledge obtained from further research in RNF43 will be applied to cancer treatment in the future despite the fully unclear function of RNF43.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 15NW7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farnhammer F, Colozza G, Kim J. RNF43 and ZNRF3 in Wnt Signaling - A Master Regulator at the Membrane. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:376-384. [PMID: 37643759 PMCID: PMC10686798 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved mechanism that plays a critical role from embryonic development and adult stem cell homeostasis. However, dysregulation of the Wnt pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms tightly control the activation and suppression of the Wnt signal. The E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3, which are known negative regulators of the Wnt pathway, are critical component of Wnt signaling regulation. These E3 ubiquitin ligases control Wnt signaling by targeting the Wnt receptor Frizzled to induce ubiquitination-mediated endo-lysosomal degradation, thus controlling the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms, interactors, and evolution of RNF43 and ZNRF3. This review article summarizes recent findings on RNF43 and ZNRF3 and their potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to target the Wnt signaling pathway in various diseases, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Farnhammer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Division of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Colozza
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang K, Ding S, Chen K, Guo C, Wu M, Zhang R, Wang L, Fu Y, Xiao J, Liu X. RNF43 mutation as a predictor of immunotherapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:5549-5558. [PMID: 38058823 PMCID: PMC10695798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNF43 is a tumor suppressor for various cancers and is considered to drive carcinogenesis when mutated. However, the correlation between RNF43 mutation and colorectal cancer (CRC) immunotherapy remains unreported. We evaluated the role of RNF43 using publicly available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). In addition, further analysis was performed on an internal validation cohort (hcohort). The mutant profiles of RNF43 were analyzed in 873 Chinese CRC patients. The relationship between clinical pathologic features and RNF43 were analyzed using the two-sided chi-squared test or the Fisher exact test. Clinicopathologic characteristics were associated with overall survival using Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. We found that RNF43 mutation was significantly associated with high TMB and high MSI score (all p-values < 0.05) in the MSKCC cohort. Additionally, RNF43 mutation was found to be enriched in MSI instability. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with RNF43 mutation had better OS compared to RNF43 wild-type (not reached vs. 13 months, HR, 0.12; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.49; P = 0.0034). However, no association was observed between RNF43 and OS in the TCGA cohort (HR, 1.83; 95% CI 0.66 to 5.07; P = 0.2479). Our CRC hcohort confirmed the significance of RNF43 mutation in predicting better clinical outcomes, including ORR (45% vs. 21%, P = 0.0468). RNF43 mutation correlated with a high tumor mutation burden (P < 0.001). The mutation frequency of RNF43 in CRC patients was 8.4% (73/873); RNF43 G659Vfs*41 was found to be the most frequent mutation site. In patients with RNF43 mutations, TP53, KRAS, and TGFBR2 were genes with a high frequency of mutations. Compared with RNF43 wild-type patients, those with RNF43 mutations had a higher TMB score and a greater proportion of MSI-H, but no difference in PD-L1 expression. Moreover, the content of immune-related B cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells was higher in the RNF43 mutant group than in the wild-type group. Our results suggest that RNF43 mutation may correlate with better OS in CRC patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The exact mechanisms underlying RNF43 require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkai Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhangzhou Second HospitalZhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunhua Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Luohu Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Luolin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Y, Lin Z, Ji Y, Zhang C, Tang X, Li C, Liu T. Pan-cancer analysis identifies RNF43 as a prognostic, therapeutic and immunological biomarker. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:438. [PMID: 37848933 PMCID: PMC10580550 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RING finger protein 43 (RNF43), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a homologous gene mutated in several cancers. However, the pan-cancer panoramic picture of RNF43 and its predictive value for tumor immune phenotypes and immunotherapeutic efficacy are still largely unclear. Our study aims to clarify the functions of RNF43 in predicting the prognosis, immune signature, and immunotherapeutic efficacy in pan-cancer. METHODS By using RNA-seq, mutation, and clinical data from the TCGA database, the expression levels and prognostic significance of RNF43 in pan-cancer were analyzed. The genetic alteration characteristics of RNF43 were displayed by the cBioPortal database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the potential biological functions and signaling pathways modulated by RNF43 in cancers. The relationship of RNF43 expression with immune cell infiltration, and immune modulators expression was interpreted by the ESTIMATE algorithm, CIBERSORT algorithm, and TISIDB database. The correlations between RNF43, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were also investigated. Furthermore, the predictive value of RNF43 for immunotherapeutic efficacy and drug sensitivity was further illustrated. Besides, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to validate the expression of the RNF43 in different cancer types by our clinical cohorts, including patients with lung cancer, sarcoma, breast cancer, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. RESULTS The results demonstrated that RNF43 was abnormally expressed in multiple cancers, and RNF43 is a critical prognosis-related factor in several cancers. RNF43 was frequently mutated in several cancers with a high frequency of 4%, and truncating mutation was the most frequent RNF43 mutation type. RNF43 expression was linked to the abundance of several immune cell types, including CD8+ T cells, B cells, and macrophages within the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, RNF43 expression was significantly correlated with the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, and it could predict the sensitivity of various anti-cancer drugs. Finally, IHC explored and validated the different expression levels of RNF43 in different cancers by our clinical samples. CONCLUSION Our results first present the expression pattern and the mutation signature of RNF43, highlighting that RNF43 is an important prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer. Furthermore, RNF43 seems to be a critical modulator in the tumor immune microenvironment and can function as a promising biomarker for predicting the immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, and drug sensitivity in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of The Emergency, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianzhe Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chenzhou No.1, People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, 920Th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 212 Daguan Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Adu IK, Zhang H, Wang J. The WNT/β-catenin system in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2527-2538. [PMID: 36964322 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WNT/β-catenin system is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in morphogenesis and cell tissue formation during embryogenesis. Although usually suppressed in adulthood, it can be reactivated during organ damage and regeneration. Transient activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, while persistent (uncontrolled) activation can promote the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD-MBD is a clinical syndrome that develops with systemic mineral and bone metabolism disorders caused by CKD, characterized by abnormal bone mineral metabolism and/or extraosseous calcification, as well as cardiovascular disease associated with CKD, including vascular stiffness and calcification. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to comprehensively review the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in relation to CKD-MBD, focusing on its components, regulatory molecules, and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities for using small molecular compounds to target the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in CKD-MBD therapy. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review using various scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify relevant articles. We searched for articles that discussed the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, CKD-MBD, and their relationship. We also reviewed articles that discussed the components of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, its regulatory molecules, and regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in CKD-MBD by promoting vascular calcification and bone mineral metabolism disorders. The pathway's components include WNT ligands, Frizzled receptors, and LRP5/6 co-receptors, which initiate downstream signaling cascades leading to the activation of β-catenin. Several regulatory molecules, including GSK-3β, APC, and Axin, modulate β-catenin activation. The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway also interacts with other signaling pathways, such as the BMP pathway, to regulate CKD-MBD. CONCLUSIONS The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for CKD-MBD. Small molecular compounds that target the components or regulatory molecules of the pathway may provide a promising approach to treat CKD-MBD. However, more research is needed to identify safe and effective compounds and to determine the optimal dosages and treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Zhang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Isaac Kumi Adu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kings and Queens University College and Teaching Hospital, Akosombo, Ghana
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jingzhou and the Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shang P, Lu J, Song F, Zhao Y, Hong W, He Y, Shen W, Geng L. RNF43 is associated with genomic features and clinical outcome in BRAF mutant colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1119587. [PMID: 37409251 PMCID: PMC10319416 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1119587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with BRAF mutation have very poor prognosis. It is urgent to search for prognostic factors of BRAF mutant CRC. RNF43 is a ENF ubiquitin ligase of Wnt signaling. Mutation of RNF43 has been observed frequently in various types of human cancers. However, few studies have evaluated the role of RNF43 in CRC. The present study aimed to explore the impact of RNF43 mutations on molecular characteristics and prognosis in BRAF mutant CRC. Methods Samples of 261 CRC patients with BRAF mutation were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor tissue and matched peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to targeted sequencing with a panel of 1021 cancer-related genes. The association of molecular characteristics and survival in patients were then analyzed. 358 CRC patients with BRAF mutation from the cBioPortal dataset were used for further confirmation. Results This study was inspired by a CRC patient with BRAF V600E and RNF43 co-mutation, who achieved a best remission of 70% and a progression free survival (PFS) of 13 months. Genomic analysis indicated that RNF43 mutation affected the genomic characteristics of patients with BRAF mutation, including microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the proportion of common gene mutations. Survival analysis showed that RNF43 mutation was a predictive biomarker for better PFS and OS in BRAF mutant CRC. Conclusion Collectively, we identified that RNF43 mutations were correlated with favorable genomic features, resulting in a better clinical outcome for BRAF mutant CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Shang
- Oncology Department, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongjiong Lu
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihong Song
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipeng Hong
- Department of Medical Center, Geneplus-Beijing Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuange He
- Department of Medical Center, Geneplus-Beijing Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Shen
- Department of Medical Center, Geneplus-Beijing Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li Geng
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun R, Meng Z, Lee H, Offringa R, Niehrs C. ROTACs leverage signaling-incompetent R-spondin for targeted protein degradation. Cell Chem Biol 2023:S2451-9456(23)00153-8. [PMID: 37321224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging technology for therapeutic intervention, but options to target cell surface proteins and receptors remain limited. Here we introduce ROTACs, bispecific WNT- and BMP-signaling-disabled R-spondin (RSPO) chimeras, which leverage the specificity of these stem cell growth factors for ZNRF3/RNF43 E3 transmembrane ligases, to target degradation of transmembrane proteins. As a proof-of-concept, we targeted the immune checkpoint protein, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a prominent cancer therapeutic target, with a bispecific RSPO2 chimera, R2PD1. The R2PD1 chimeric protein binds to PD-L1 and at picomolar concentration induces its lysosomal degradation. In three melanoma cell lines, R2PD1 induced between 50 and 90% PD-L1 protein degradation. PD-L1 degradation was strictly dependent on ZNRF3/RNF43. Moreover, R2PD1 reactivates cytotoxic T cells and inhibits tumor cell proliferation more potently than Atezolizumab. We suggest that signaling-disabled ROTACs represent a paradigm to target cell surface proteins for degradation in a range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zibo Meng
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyeyoon Lee
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quintanilha JCF, Graf RP, Oxnard GR. BRAF V600E and RNF43 Co-mutations Predict Patient Outcomes With Targeted Therapies in Real-World Cases of Colorectal Cancer. Oncologist 2023; 28:e171-e174. [PMID: 36779536 PMCID: PMC10020799 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy is approved for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with BRAFV600E mutations, although not all patients respond. Novel recent findings indicate the potential of RNF43 mutations to predict outcomes in patients with BRAF-mutated microsatellite stable (MSS) mCRC treated with anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy. This study aimed to independently and rapidly validate BRAFV600E/RNF43 co-mutations as predictive biomarkers of benefit to anti-EGFR/BRAF therapy. Clinical data were derived from electronic health record data from ~280 US cancer clinics between January 2011 and March 2022 from the Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine real-world clinico-genomic mCRC database. Real-world cases of BRAFV600E-mutated mCRC, with patients receiving anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy (n = 49), were included. Patients who were MSS, with RNF43 mutations, had favorable progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29; 95% CI [CI], 0.13-0.65) and overall survival (HR 0.32, 95% CI, 0.12-0.84) compared with wild type. No difference in outcomes was observed between patient groups with RNF43-mutant versus wild-type receiving standard-of-care chemotherapy. BRAFV600E/RNF43 co-mutations predict mCRC anti-BRAF/EGFR outcomes in diverse clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryon P Graf
- Clinical Development, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Oxnard
- Corresponding author: Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Foundation Medicine, 150 Second St, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Tel: +1 617 418 2200;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohd Yunos RI, Ab Mutalib NS, Khoo JS, Saidin S, Ishak M, Syafruddin SE, Tieng FYF, Md Yusof NF, Abd Razak MR, Mahamad Nadzir N, Abu N, Rose IM, Sagap I, Mazlan L, Jamal R. Whole genome sequencing of Malaysian colorectal cancer patients reveals specific druggable somatic mutations. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:997747. [PMID: 36866106 PMCID: PMC9972984 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.997747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of colorectal cancer (CRC) are continuously increasing in some areas of the world, including Malaysia. In this study, we aimed to characterize the landscape of somatic mutations using the whole-genome sequencing approach and identify druggable somatic mutations specific to Malaysian patients. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the genomic DNA obtained from 50 Malaysian CRC patients' tissues. We discovered the top significantly mutated genes were APC, TP53, KRAS, TCF7L2 and ACVR2A. Four novel, non-synonymous variants were identified in three genes, which were KDM4E, MUC16 and POTED. At least one druggable somatic alteration was identified in 88% of our patients. Among them were two frameshift mutations in RNF43 (G156fs and P192fs) predicted to have responsive effects against the Wnt pathway inhibitor. We found that the exogenous expression of this RNF43 mutation in CRC cells resulted in increased cell proliferation and sensitivity against LGK974 drug treatment and G1 cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, this study uncovered our local CRC patients' genomic landscape and druggable alterations. It also highlighted the role of specific RNF43 frameshift mutations, which unveil the potential of an alternative treatment targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway and could be beneficial, especially to Malaysian CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, ; Rahman Jamal,
| | | | - Sazuita Saidin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhiddin Ishak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Md Rose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Sagap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib, ; Rahman Jamal,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nag JK, Appasamy P, Sedley S, Malka H, Rudina T, Bar-Shavit R. RNF43 induces the turnover of protease-activated receptor 2 in colon cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22675. [PMID: 36468684 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200858rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays a central role in tissue hemostasis and cancer. The molecular mechanism of post-translational regulation of protease-activated receptors (PARs), a subgroup of GPCRs is yet understudied. Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger 43 (RNF43) is a negative feedback regulator of PAR2 , impacting PAR2 -induced signaling and colon cancer growth. RNF43 co-associates with PAR2 , promoting its membrane elimination and degradation as shown by reduced cell surface biotinylated PAR2 levels and polyubiquitination. PAR2 degradation is rescued by R-spondin2 in the presence of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor5 (LGR5). In fact, PAR2 acts jointly with LGR5, as recapitulated by increased β-catenin levels, transcriptional activity, phospho-LRP6, and anchorage-independent colony growth in agar. Animal models of the chemically induced AOM/DSS colon cancer of wt versus Par2/f2rl1 KO mice as also the 'spleen-liver' colon cancer metastasis, allocated a central role for PAR2 in colon cancer growth and development. RNF43 is abundantly expressed in the Par2/f2rl1 KO-treated AOM/DSS colon tissues while its level is very low to nearly null in colon cancer adenocarcinomas of the wt mice. The same result is obtained in the 'spleen-liver' model of spleen-inoculated cells, metastasized to the liver. High RNF43 expression is observed in the liver upon shRNA -Par2 silencing. "Limited-dilution-assay" performed in mice in-vivo, assigned PAR2 as a member of the cancer stem cell niche compartment. Collectively, we elucidate an original regulation of PAR2 oncogene, a member of cancer stem cells, by RNF43 ubiquitin ligase. It impacts β-catenin signaling and colon cancer growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Kumar Nag
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Priyanga Appasamy
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Sedley
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Malka
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tatyana Rudina
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Bar-Shavit
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu L, Shi H, Li P, Zhang P. RNF43 Suppressed Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2023; 53:21-29. [PMID: 36889779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype with high invasiveness. Due to lacking specific and effective therapies, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of TNBC progression and search for new therapeutic targets. METHODS Data from the GEPIA2 database was analyzed to explore RNF43 expression in each subtype of breast cancer. RNF43 expression in TNBC tissue and cell lines was determined by RT-qPCR. In vitro biological function analyses including MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were conducted to explore the role of RNF43 in TNBC. In addition, the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by western blot. The expression of β-Catenin and its downstream effectors were also detected. RESULTS Data from the GEPIA2 database indicated that RNF43 expression was lower in tumor tissue compared to paired adjacent tissue in TNBC. In addition, RNF43 expression in TNBC was lower than in other subtypes of breast cancer. Consistently, down-regulation of RNF43 expression in TNBC tissue and cell lines was observed. Overexpressing RNF43 attenuated the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Depletion of RNF43 showed the opposite effect, confirming that RNF43 played an anti-oncogenic role in TNBC. In addition, RNF43 suppressed several markers of EMT. Furthermore, RNF43 restrained the expression of β-Catenin and its downstream effectors, implying RNF43 exerted the suppressive role in TNBC by inhibiting the β-Catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the RNF43-β-Catenin axis attenuated TNBC progression, which might provide novel therapeutic targets for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shi
- No.2 Outpatient Department, 908 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengbin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops via dysplastic changes in the epithelia graded as low- and high-grade with accumulation of molecular alterations. Constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) contributed by attenuation of DUSP6 plays a key role in sustaining PDAC. Active MAPK induces various molecules that function as effectors to sustain PDAC. AURKA and SON are downstream effectors that contribute substantially to the proliferation and survival of PDAC cells and are potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Active MAPK also promote microRNAs that modulate the proliferation of PDAC cells and are useful as diagnostic markers. Familial pancreatic cancer kindreds in Japan show various germline mutations supposed to increase a pancreatic cancer risk. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) consist of dilated ducts lined by papillary neoplastic epithelia of various shapes and varying grades of atypia. Various papillae of IPMNs are classified into four subtypes that are associated with clinicopathological features, including patient prognosis. GNAS is a specific driver gene for the development of IPMN through gain-of-function mutations. Tracing of molecular alterations has elucidated the mechanism of progression of IPMN from dysplasia to carcinoma, as well as one type of papillae. Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms belong to a distinct class of pancreatic neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu C, Lin X, Yamashita J, Xi R, Zhou M, Zhang YV, Wang H, Margolskee RF, Koo BK, Clevers H, Matsumoto I, Jiang P. RNF43/ZNRF3 negatively regulates taste tissue homeostasis and positively regulates dorsal lingual epithelial tissue homeostasis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:369-383. [PMID: 34995498 PMCID: PMC8828551 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste bud cells are renewed throughout life in a process requiring innervation. Recently, we reported that R-spondin substitutes for neuronal input for taste cell regeneration. R-spondin amplifies WNT signaling by interacting with stem-cell-expressed E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 (negative regulators of WNT signaling) and G-protein-coupled receptors LGR4/5/6 (positive regulators of WNT signaling). Therefore, we hypothesized that RNF43/ZNRF3 may serve as a brake, controlled by gustatory neuron-produced R-spondin, for regulating taste tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that mice deficient for Rnf43/Znrf3 in KRT5-expressing epithelial stem/progenitor cells (RZ dKO) exhibited taste cell hyperplasia; in stark contrast, epithelial tissue on the tongue degenerated. WNT signaling blockade substantially reversed all these effects in RZ dKO mice. Furthermore, innervation becomes dispensable for taste cell renewal in RZ dKO mice. We thus demonstrate important but distinct functions of RNF43/ZNRF3 in regulating taste versus lingual epithelial tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyi Lu
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ranhui Xi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minliang Zhou
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yali V Zhang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, and University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sakihama K, Koga Y, Yamamoto T, Shimada Y, Yamada Y, Kawata J, Shindo K, Nakamura M, Oda Y. RNF43 as a predictor of malignant transformation of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:1189-1199. [PMID: 35066614 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas rarely progresses to invasive carcinoma, but few studies have analyzed genomic alterations involved in its malignant transformation. The relationships of ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) mutations with cytological atypia, RNF43 protein expression, and Wnt signaling proteins in MCN remain unclear. This study included 106 MCN cases, classified into 89 low-grade dysplasia (LG), 9 high-grade dysplasia (HG), and 8 invasive carcinoma (INV). We analyzed HG/INV and LG lesions of 9 HG/INV cases and LG lesions of 9 LG cases using targeted sequencing and confirmed the protein expression of RNF43 and β-catenin. The frequency of RNF43 mutations was significantly higher in HG/INV cases than in LG cases. Furthermore, HG/INV lesions (56%) and LG lesions (33%) of HG/INV cases possessed RNF43 mutation, whereas no such mutation was detected in any LG cases. The expression of RNF43 was reduced in 71% of HG/INV cases and significantly correlated with histological grade and aberrant expression of β-catenin. In 3 of 5 RNF43-mutated cases, the expression of RNF43 was reduced, but there was no significant correlation between RNF43 mutation and protein expression. MCNs frequently harbored KRAS mutations, at rates of 100% in HG/INV lesions and 50% in LG lesions of HG/INV and LG cases. There was no significant difference in mutation frequency in LG lesions between HG/INV and LG cases. These results suggest that RNF43 mutations may be involved in and predictive of malignant transformation from an early stage of MCN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kukiko Sakihama
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koga
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kawata
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yamamoto D, Oshima H, Wang D, Takeda H, Kita K, Lei X, Nakayama M, Murakami K, Ohama T, Takemura H, Toyota M, Suzuki H, Inaki N, Oshima M. Characterization of RNF43 frameshift mutations that drive Wnt ligand- and R-spondin-dependent colon cancer. J Pathol 2022; 257:39-52. [PMID: 35040131 PMCID: PMC9314865 DOI: 10.1002/path.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss‐of‐function mutations in RNF43 induce activation of Wnt ligand‐dependent Wnt/β‐catenin signaling through stabilization of the Frizzled receptor, which is often found in microsatellite instability (MSI)‐type colorectal cancer (CRC) that develops from sessile serrated adenomas. However, the mechanism underlying how RNF43 mutations promote tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we established nine human CRC‐derived organoids and found that three organoid lines carried RNF43 frameshift mutations associated with MSI‐high and BRAFV600E mutations, suggesting that these CRCs developed through the serrated pathway. RNF43 frameshift mutant organoids required both Wnt ligands and R‐spondin for proliferation, indicating that suppression of ZNRF3 and retained RNF43 function by R‐spondin are required to achieve an indispensable level of Wnt activation for tumorigenesis. However, active β‐catenin levels in RNF43‐mutant organoids were lower than those in APC two‐hit mutant CRC, suggesting a lower threshold for Wnt activation in CRC that developed through the serrated pathway. Interestingly, transplantation of RNF43‐mutant organoids with intestinal myofibroblasts accelerated the β‐catenin nuclear accumulation and proliferation of xenograft tumors, indicating a key role of stromal cells in the promotion of the malignant phenotype of RNF43‐mutant CRC cells. Sequencing of subcloned organoid cell‐expressed transcripts revealed that two organoid lines carried monoallelic RNF43 cis‐mutations, with two RNF43 frameshift mutations introduced in the same allele and the wild‐type RNF43 allele remaining, while the other organoid line carried two‐hit biallelic RNF43 trans‐mutations. These results suggest that heterozygous RNF43 frameshift mutations contribute to CRC development via the serrated pathway; however, a second‐hit RNF43 mutation may be advantageous in tumorigenesis compared with a single‐hit mutation through further activation of Wnt signaling. Finally, treatment with the PORCN inhibitor significantly suppressed RNF43‐mutant cell‐derived PDX tumor development. These results suggest a novel mechanism underlying RNF43 mutation‐associated CRC development and the therapeutic potential of Wnt ligand inhibition against RNF43‐mutant CRC. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Thoracic, Cardiovascular and General Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kita
- Central Research Resource Branch, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Xuelian Lei
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murakami
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiovascular and General Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Toyota
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Radaszkiewicz T, Nosková M, Gömöryová K, Vondálová Blanářová O, Radaszkiewicz KA, Picková M, Víchová R, Gybeľ T, Kaiser K, Demková L, Kučerová L, Bárta T, Potěšil D, Zdráhal Z, Souček K, Bryja V. RNF43 inhibits WNT5A-driven signaling and suppresses melanoma invasion and resistance to the targeted therapy. eLife 2021; 10:65759. [PMID: 34702444 PMCID: PMC8550759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF43 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and known negative regulator of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We demonstrate that RNF43 is also a regulator of noncanonical WNT5A-induced signaling in human cells. Analysis of the RNF43 interactome using BioID and immunoprecipitation showed that RNF43 can interact with the core receptor complex components dedicated to the noncanonical Wnt pathway such as ROR1, ROR2, VANGL1, and VANGL2. RNF43 triggers VANGL2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and clathrin-dependent internalization of ROR1 receptor and inhibits ROR2 activation. These activities of RNF43 are physiologically relevant and block pro-metastatic WNT5A signaling in melanoma. RNF43 inhibits responses to WNT5A, which results in the suppression of invasive properties of melanoma cells. Furthermore, RNF43 prevented WNT5A-assisted development of resistance to BRAF V600E and MEK inhibitors. Next, RNF43 acted as melanoma suppressor and improved response to targeted therapies in vivo. In line with these findings, RNF43 expression decreases during melanoma progression and RNF43-low patients have a worse prognosis. We conclude that RNF43 is a newly discovered negative regulator of WNT5A-mediated biological responses that desensitizes cells to WNT5A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Nosková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Picková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ráchel Víchová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Demková
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kučerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Bárta
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mikaeel RR, Young JP, Li Y, Poplawski NK, Smith E, Horsnell M, Uylaki W, Tomita Y, Townsend AR, Feng J, Zibat A, Kaulfuß S, Müller C, Yigit G, Wollnik B, Scott H, Rawlings L, Henry D, Vakulin C, Dubowsky A, Price TJ. RNF43 pathogenic Germline variant in a family with colorectal cancer. Clin Genet 2021; 101:122-126. [PMID: 34541672 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of RNF43 as a cause of an inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) is yet to be fully explored. This report presents our findings of two individuals with CRC from a single family carrying a likely-pathogenic inherited germline variant in RNF43. The proband (III:1) and the proband's mother (II:2) were diagnosed with mismatch repair proficient CRCs at the age of 50 years and 65 years, respectively. Both patients had BRAFV600E mutated colon tumours, indicating that the CRCs arose in sessile serrated lesions. The germline variant RNF43:c.375+1G>A was identified in both patients. RNA studies showed that this variant resulted in an aberrantly spliced transcript, which was predicted to encode RNF43:p.Ala126Ilefs*50 resulting in premature termination of protein synthesis and was classified as a likely-pathogenic variant. Our report adds further evidence to the hereditary role of RNF43 as a tumour suppressor gene in colorectal tumorigenesis and supports the inclusion of RNF43 as a gene of interest in the investigation of CRC predispositions outside the setting of serrated polyposis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reger R Mikaeel
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,SAHMRI Colorectal Node, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Biology Department, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Joanne P Young
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,SAHMRI Colorectal Node, Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola K Poplawski
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mehgan Horsnell
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Uylaki
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jinghua Feng
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Arne Zibat
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hamish Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lesley Rawlings
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Denae Henry
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cassandra Vakulin
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Dubowsky
- SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sohn SH, Sul HJ, Kim B, Kim HS, Kim BJ, Lim H, Kang HS, Soh JS, Kim KC, Cho JW, Seo J, Koh Y, Zang DY. RNF43 and PWWP2B inhibit cancer cell proliferation and are predictive or prognostic biomarker for FDA-approved drugs in patients with advanced gastric cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:4616-4625. [PMID: 34149925 PMCID: PMC8210561 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal regulation of genes has been closely related to gastric cancer. The characterization of gastric cancer has necessitated the development of new therapeutics as well as the identification of prognostic markers to predict the response to novel drugs. In our study, we used RNA sequencing analyses to show that on gastric cancer tissues to identification of gastric cancer prognostic markers. We specifically chose to study RNF43 because it inhibits gastric cancer-related Wnt/β-catenin signaling by interacting with Wnt receptors. PWWP2B was chosen because it is a gene which is downregulated in gastric cancer. Methods: Utilizing RNA sequencing analysis, we evaluated the mRNA expression profile in gastric cancer patients. Also, we used HAP1 cells which is a human near-haploid cell line derived from the male chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line KBM-7. These cell line has one copy of each gene, ensuring the edited allele will not be masked by additional alleles. We investigated the screening of 1,449 FDA-approved drugs in HAP1, HAP1 RNF43 KO and HAP1 PWWP2B KO cells. RNA sequencing data reveals that RNF43 and PWWP2B expression were down-regulated in recurrence gastric cancer patients. Next, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of selected drugs in RNF43 and PWWP2B down-regulated MKN45 gastric cancer cells and xenograft model. Results: Among these FDA-approved drugs, three drugs (docetaxel trihydrate, pelitinib and uprosertib) showed strong inhibitory effects in RNF43 KO cells and PWWP2B KO cells. In MKN45 xenograft model, tumor volumes were significantly reduced in the docetaxel trihydrate, uprosertib or pelitinib-treated group. Our data demonstrated that RNF43 and PWWP2B are a biomarker that predict recurrence of gastric cancer. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that docetaxel trihydrate, uprosertib and pelitinib could be used as novel therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer with a decrease in RNF43 and PWWP2B expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Sohn
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kab Choong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Hospital, Singil-ro Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Cho
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Hospital, Singil-ro Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Seo
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Koh
- Department of Bio-medical Gerontology, Ilsong Institute of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, 14066, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 14068, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
WNT signaling promotes the initiation and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through wide-ranging effects on cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, stemness, and tumor microenvironment. Of therapeutic interest is a genetically defined subset of PDAC known to have increased WNT/β-catenin transcriptional activity, growth dependency on WNT ligand signaling, and response to pharmacologic inhibitors of the WNT pathway. Here we review mechanisms underlying WNT ligand addiction in pancreatic tumorigenesis, as well as the potential utility of therapeutic approaches that functionally antagonize WNT ligand secretion or frizzled receptor binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Y. Aguilera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David W. Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tsukiyama T, Koo BK, Hatakeyama S. Post-translational Wnt receptor regulation: Is the fog slowly clearing?: The molecular mechanism of RNF43/ZNRF3 ubiquitin ligases is not yet fully elucidated and still controversial. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000297. [PMID: 33569855 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays pivotal roles during our entire lives, from conception to death, through the regulation of morphogenesis in developing embryos and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adults. The regulation of Wnt signaling occurs on several levels: at the receptor level on the plasma membrane, at the β-catenin protein level in the cytoplasm, and through transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. Several recent studies have focused on the mechanisms of Wnt receptor regulation, following the discovery that the Wnt receptor frizzled (Fzd) is a target of the ubiquitin ligases, RNF43 and ZNRF3. RNF43 and ZNRF3 are homologous genes that are mutated in several cancers. The details underlying their mechanism of action continue to unfold, while at the same time raising many new questions. In this review, we discuss advances and controversies in our understanding of Wnt receptor regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van Herwaarden YJ, Koggel LM, Simmer F, Vink-Börger EM, Dura P, Meijer GA, Nagengast FM, Hoogerbrugge N, Bisseling TM, Nagtegaal ID. RNF43 mutation analysis in serrated polyposis, sporadic serrated polyps and Lynch syndrome polyps. Histopathology 2020; 78:749-758. [PMID: 33098683 PMCID: PMC8048817 DOI: 10.1111/his.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims RNF43 is suggested to be involved in the serrated pathway towards colorectal cancer and encodes a transmembrane Ring‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates the Wnt pathway. This study aimed to elucidate the role of RNF43 gene variants in serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) and serrated polyps. Methods and results Three cohorts were tested. The first cohort included germline DNA of 26 SPS patients tested for pathogenic variants in RNF43 by Sanger sequencing all exons. In the second cohort we tested somatic DNA for RNF43 mutations from sporadic serrated lesions: 25 hyperplastic polyps, 35 sessile serrated lesions and 38 traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). In the third cohort we investigated RNF43 mutations in 49 serrated polyps and 60 conventional adenomas from 40 patients with Lynch syndrome. No germline RNF43 pathogenic variants were detected in our SPS cohort. In sporadic colorectal lesions we detected RNF43 deleterious frameshift mutations in three TSA and one SSL. The RNF43 mutations in previously described homopolymeric hot‐spots were detected in microsatellite‐instable (MSI) polyps and the other RNF43 mutations in microsatellite‐stable (MSS) serrated polyps. RNF43 hot‐spot mutations were discovered in seven serrated polyps and 12 conventional adenomas from Lynch patients. Conclusion Truncating germline RNF43 mutations are uncommon in SPS patients. Somatic mutations in RNF43 were found in sporadic TSA and SSL and both serrated polyps and adenomas from Lynch syndrome patients, suggesting that they do not develop early in the pathway to CRC and are not specific for serrated polyp subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmijn J van Herwaarden
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke M Koggel
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Simmer
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa M Vink-Börger
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Polat Dura
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fokko M Nagengast
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tanya M Bisseling
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yan HHN, Siu HC, Ho SL, Yue SSK, Gao Y, Tsui WY, Chan D, Chan AS, Wong JWH, Man AHY, Lee BCH, Chan ASY, Chan AKW, Hui HS, Cheung AKL, Law WL, Lo OSH, Yuen ST, Clevers H, Leung SY. Organoid cultures of early-onset colorectal cancers reveal distinct and rare genetic profiles. Gut 2020; 69:2165-2179. [PMID: 32217638 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has bad prognosis, yet is poorly represented by cell line models. We examine the key mutational and transcriptomic alterations in an organoid biobank enriched in EOCRCs. DESIGN We established paired cancer (n=32) and normal organoids (n=18) from 20 patients enriched in microsatellite-stable EOCRC. Exome and transcriptome analysis was performed. RESULTS We observed a striking diversity of molecular phenotypes, including PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions. Transcriptionally, RSPO fusion organoids resembled normal colon organoids and were distinct from APC mutant organoids, with high BMP2 and low PTK7 expression. Single cell transcriptome analysis confirmed the similarity between RSPO fusion organoids and normal organoids, with a propensity for maturation on Wnt withdrawal, whereas the APC mutant organoids were locked in progenitor stages. CRISPR/Cas9 engineered mutation of APC in normal human colon organoids led to upregulation of PTK7 protein and suppression of BMP2, but less so with an engineered RNF43 mutation. The frequent co-occurrence of RSPO fusions with SMAD4 or BMPR1A mutation was confirmed in TCGA database searches. RNF43 mutation was found in organoid from a leukaemia survivor with a novel mutational signature; and organoids with POLE proofreading mutation displayed ultramutation. The cancer organoid genomes were stable over long culture periods, while normal human colon organoids tended to be subject to clonal dominance over time. CONCLUSIONS These organoid models enriched in EOCRCs with linked genomic data fill a gap in existing CRC models and reveal distinct genetic profiles and novel pathway cooperativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H N Yan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Cheong Siu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Lun Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah S K Yue
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Yin Tsui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dessy Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - April S Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Alice H Y Man
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Bernard C H Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Annie S Y Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony K W Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Sang Hui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur K L Cheung
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,The Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Lun Law
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Oswens S H Lo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Tsan Yuen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pathology, St. Paul's Hospital, No.2, Eastern Hospital Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong .,Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,The Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neumeyer V, Brutau-Abia A, Allgäuer M, Pfarr N, Weichert W, Falkeis-Veits C, Kremmer E, Vieth M, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Loss of RNF43 Function Contributes to Gastric Carcinogenesis by Impairing DNA Damage Response. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1071-1094. [PMID: 33188943 PMCID: PMC7898035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) is a tumor suppressor that frequently is mutated in gastric tumors. The link between RNF43 and modulation of Wingless-related integration site (WNT) signaling has not been shown clearly in the stomach. Because mutations in RNF43 are highly enriched in microsatellite-unstable gastric tumors, which show defects in DNA damage response (DDR), we investigated whether RNF43 is involved in DDR in the stomach. METHODS DDR activation and cell viability upon γ-radiation was analyzed in gastric cells where expression of RNF43 was depleted. Response to chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was analyzed in gastric cancer cell lines and xenograft tumors. In addition, involvement of RNF43 in DDR activation was analyzed upon Helicobacter pylori infection in wild-type and Rnf43ΔEx8 mice. Furthermore, a cohort of human gastric biopsy specimens was analyzed for RNF43 expression and mutation status as well as for activation of DDR. RESULTS RNF43 depletion conferred resistance to γ-radiation and chemotherapy by dampening the activation of DDR, thereby preventing apoptosis in gastric cells. Upon Helicobacter pylori infection, RNF43 loss of function reduced activation of DDR and apoptosis. Furthermore, RNF43 expression correlated with DDR activation in human gastric biopsy specimens, and RNF43 mutations found in gastric tumors conferred resistance to DNA damage. When exploring the molecular mechanisms behind these findings, a direct interaction between RNF43 and phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) was observed. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel function for RNF43 in the stomach as a regulator of DDR. Loss of RNF43 function in gastric cells confers resistance to DNA damage-inducing radiotherapy and chemotherapy, suggesting RNF43 as a possible biomarker for therapy selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Neumeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Brutau-Abia
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lerksuthirat T, Wikiniyadhanee R, Stitchantrakul W, Chitphuk S, Stansook N, Pipatpanyanugoon N, Jirawatnotai S, Dejsuphong D. A DNA repair player, ring finger protein 43, relieves etoposide-induced topoisomerase II poisoning. Genes Cells 2020; 25:718-729. [PMID: 32939879 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which is well-known for its role in negative regulation of the Wnt-signaling pathway. However, the function in DNA double-strand break repairs has not been investigated. In this study, we used a lymphoblast cell line, DT40, and mouse embryonic fibroblast as cellular models to study DNA double-strand break (DSB) repairs. For this purpose, we created RNF43 knockout, RNF43-/- DT40 cell line to investigate DSB repairs. We found that deletion of RNF43 does not interfere with cell proliferation. However, after exposure to various types of DNA-damaging agents, RNF43-/- cells become more sensitive to topoisomerase II inhibitors, etoposide, and ICRF193, than wild type cells. Our results also showed that depletion of RNF43 results in apoptosis upon etoposide-mediated DNA damage. The delay in resolution of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci formation after etoposide treatment, as well as epistasis analysis with DNAPKcs, suggested that RNF43 might participate in DNA repair of etoposide-induced DSB via non-homologous end joining. Disturbed γH2AX foci formation in MEFs following pulse etoposide treatment supported the notion that RNF43 also functions DNA repair in mammalian cells. These findings propose two possible functions of RNF43, either participating in NHEJ or removing the blockage of 5' topo II adducts from DSB ends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Lerksuthirat
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rakkreat Wikiniyadhanee
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasana Stitchantrakul
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sermsiri Chitphuk
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nauljun Stansook
- Division of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nut Pipatpanyanugoon
- Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence (SiCORE) for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siwanon Jirawatnotai
- Siriraj Center of Research for Excellence (SiCORE) for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Donniphat Dejsuphong
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Spit M, Fenderico N, Jordens I, Radaszkiewicz T, Lindeboom RGH, Bugter JM, Cristobal A, Ootes L, van Osch M, Janssen E, Boonekamp KE, Hanakova K, Potesil D, Zdrahal Z, Boj SF, Medema JP, Bryja V, Koo B, Vermeulen M, Maurice MM. RNF43 truncations trap CK1 to drive niche-independent self-renewal in cancer. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103932. [PMID: 32965059 PMCID: PMC7503102 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a primary pathway for stem cell maintenance during tissue renewal and a frequent target for mutations in cancer. Impaired Wnt receptor endocytosis due to loss of the ubiquitin ligase RNF43 gives rise to Wnt-hypersensitive tumors that are susceptible to anti-Wnt-based therapy. Contrary to this paradigm, we identify a class of RNF43 truncating cancer mutations that induce β-catenin-mediated transcription, despite exhibiting retained Wnt receptor downregulation. These mutations interfere with a ubiquitin-independent suppressor role of the RNF43 cytosolic tail that involves Casein kinase 1 (CK1) binding and phosphorylation. Mechanistically, truncated RNF43 variants trap CK1 at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing β-catenin turnover and propelling ligand-independent target gene transcription. Gene editing of human colon stem cells shows that RNF43 truncations cooperate with p53 loss to drive a niche-independent program for self-renewal and proliferation. Moreover, these RNF43 variants confer decreased sensitivity to anti-Wnt-based therapy. Our data demonstrate the relevance of studying patient-derived mutations for understanding disease mechanisms and improved applications of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Spit
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nicola Fenderico
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Jordens
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Rik GH Lindeboom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncode InstituteFaculty of ScienceRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Bugter
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alba Cristobal
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Ootes
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Max van Osch
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eline Janssen
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim E Boonekamp
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Katerina Hanakova
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid TechnologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam UMCCancer Center AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bon‐Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncode InstituteFaculty of ScienceRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yanai Y, Saito T, Hayashi T, Akazawa Y, Yatagai N, Tsuyama S, Tomita S, Hirai S, Ogura K, Matsumoto T, Wada R, Yao T. Molecular and clinicopathological features of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:413-426. [PMID: 32821969 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Appendiceal mucinous tumors (AMTs) include low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (LAMNs), high-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (HAMNs), and mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACs). We collected 51 AMT samples (LAMN: 34, HAMN: 8, MAC: 9). Three of the eight HAMN cases contained LAMN components, and four out of nine MAC cases contained LAMN and/or HAMN components within the tumor. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) cancer hotspot panel was used to analyze 11 pure LAMN, 4 HAMN, and 3 MAC cases. The results revealed KRAS and GNAS as the most frequently mutated genes. Sanger sequencing was then performed to detect KRAS, GNAS, and TP53 mutations in the remaining 31 cases and RNF43 mutations in all cases. KRAS/GNAS and TP53 mutations occurred exclusively in pure LAMNs; however, five LAMN cases had mutations in both KRAS and GNAS. RNF43 mutations almost exclusively occurred with KRAS/GNAS mutations in pure LAMNs. In MAC and HAMN, KRAS/GNAS mutation status was nearly preserved between lower-grade areas. Most of the detected RNF43 mutations was missense type. RNF43 mutations were detected in both components of MAC with lower-grade area; however, RNF43 mutations detected in these two lesions were entirely different. RNF43 mutations were detected in only one of the eight HAMN patients, which was the sole case without pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). None of the four MAC patients with RNF43 mutation showed PMP. These findings suggest that RNF43 mutations occur at a later stage of MAC development and do not associate with PMP. Furthermore, a gradual transition from LAMN to MAC via HAMN could be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yanai
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Noboru Yatagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Shu Hirai
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical center, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Kanako Ogura
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Ryo Wada
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, 410-2295, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Radaszkiewicz T, Bryja V. Protease associated domain of RNF43 is not necessary for the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:91. [PMID: 32527265 PMCID: PMC7291719 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNF43 and its homolog ZNRF3 are transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases frequently mutated in many human cancer types. Their main role relays on the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by the negative regulation of frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors levels at the plasma membrane. Intracellular RING domains of RNF43/ZNRF3 mediate the key enzymatic activity of these proteins, but the function of the extracellular Protease Associated (PA) fold in the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is controversial up-to date, apart from the interaction with secreted antagonists R-spondin family proteins shown by the crystallographic studies. Methods In our research we utilised cell-based approaches to study the role of RNF43 lacking PA domain in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway transduction. We developed controlled overexpression (TetON) and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-out models in human cells. Results RNF43ΔPA mutant activity impedes canonical Wnt pathway, as manifested by the reduced phosphorylation of LRP6, DVL2 and DVL3 and by the decreased β-catenin-dependent gene expression. Finally, rescue experiments in the CRISPR/Cas9 derived RNF43/ZNRF3 double knock-out cell lines showed that RNFΔPA overexpression is enough to inhibit activation of LRP6 and β-catenin activity as shown by the Western blot and Top flash dual luciferase assays. Moreover, RNF43 variant without PA domain was not sensitive to the R-spondin1 treatment. Conclusion Taken together, our results help to understand better the mode of RNF43 tumor suppressor action and solve some discrepancies present in the field. Video Abstract
Graphical Abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Omori Y, Ono Y, Kobayashi T, Motoi F, Karasaki H, Mizukami Y, Makino N, Ueno Y, Unno M, Furukawa T. How does intestinal-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm emerge? CDX2 plays a critical role in the process of intestinal differentiation and progression. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:21-31. [PMID: 32291497 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas is clinicopathologically distinctive. Our research aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the development and progression of the intestinal-type IPMN. In 60 intestinal-type IPMN specimens, histological transitions from gastric-type epithelia to intestinal-type epithelia were observed in 48 cases (80%). CDX2/MUC2/alcian blue triple staining indicated that CDX2 appeared to precede MUC2 expression and subsequent alcian blue-positive mucin production. Expression of p21 and Ki-67 seemed to be accelerated by CDX2 expression (p = 6.02e-13 and p = 3.1e-09, respectively). p21/Ki-67 double staining revealed that p21 was mostly expressed in differentiated cells in the apex of papillae, while Ki-67 was expressed in proliferative cells in the base of papillae. This clear cellular arrangement seemed to break down with the progression of atypical grade and development of invasion (p = 0.00197). Intestinal-type IPMNs harbored frequent GNAS mutations (100%, 25/25) and RNF43 mutations (57%, 8/14) and shared identical GNAS and KRAS mutations with concurrent gastric-type IPMNs or incipient gastric-type neoplasia (100%, 25/25). RNF43 mutations showed emerging or being selected in intestinal-type neoplasms along with ß-catenin aberration. Activation of protein kinase A and extracellular-regulated kinase was observed in CDX2-positive intestinal-type neoplasm. These results suggest that gastric-type epithelia that acquire GNAS mutations together with induction of intrinsic CDX2 expression may evolve with clonal selection and additional molecular aberrations including RNF43 and ß-catenin into intestinal-type IPMNs, which may further progress with complex villous growth due to disoriented cell cycle regulation, acceleration of atypical grade, and advance to show an invasive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Omori
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, 065-0033, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kobayashi
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hidenori Karasaki
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, 065-0033, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naohiko Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Terradas M, Munoz-Torres PM, Belhadj S, Aiza G, Navarro M, Brunet J, Capellá G, Valle L. Contribution to colonic polyposis of recently proposed predisposing genes and assessment of the prevalence of NTHL1- and MSH3-associated polyposes. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1910-1923. [PMID: 31243857 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances have allowed the identification of new adenomatous and serrated polyposis genes, and of several candidate genes that require additional supporting evidence of causality. Through an exhaustive literature review and mutational screening of 177 unrelated polyposis patients, we assessed the involvement of MCM9, FOCAD, POLQ, and RNF43 in the predisposition to (nonserrated) colonic polyposis, as well as the prevalence of NTHL1 and MSH3 mutations among genetically unexplained polyposis patients. Our results, together with previously reported data and mutation frequency in controls, indicate that: MCM9 and POLQ mutations are not associated with polyposis; germline RNF43 mutations, with a prevalence of 1.5-2.5% among serrated polyposis patients, do not cause nonserrated polyposis; MSH3 biallelic mutations are highly infrequent among European polyposis patients, and the prevalence of NTHL1 biallelic mutations among unexplained polyposes is ~2%. Although nonsignificant, FOCAD predicted deleterious variants are overrepresented in polyposis patients compared to controls, warranting larger studies to provide definite evidence in favor or against their causal association with polyposis predisposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau M Munoz-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Sun L, Gao X, Guo A, Diao Y, Zhao Y. RNF43 ubiquitinates and degrades phosphorylated E-cadherin by c-Src to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:670. [PMID: 31286874 PMCID: PMC6613270 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In epithelial cells, tyrosine kinases induce tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the E-cadherin complex, which is responsible for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling were performed to detect the unique E3 ligase underlying E-cadherin downregulation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Gene knockdown was performed using viral shRNA. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models in vivo were integratively applied to explore RNF43-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling revealed that the RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) was linked to E-cadherin downregulation within the context of c-Src activation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, the c-Src-Caspase-8 interaction markedly increased c-Src activity. Activated c-Src phosphorylated E-cadherin at the tyrosine 797 site to initiate RNF43-mediated E-cadherin ubiquitination at lysine 816 and subsequent degradation, thus allowing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of Vimentin and RNF43 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased Vimentin expression induced the EMT phenotype and promoted tumor metastasis. The Frizzled 8 (Frz8)-RNF43-induced ubiquitination of phosphorylated E-cadherin was blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of Frz8 but not by antibodies against the protease domain (PA) of RNF43. Conclusions Our data suggest that RNF43 participates in the regulation of EMT in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated E-cadherin by activated c-Src. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5880-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Second Thoracic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Liangzhang Sun
- Thoracic Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Aining Guo
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Yan Diao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Neumeyer V, Vieth M, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Mutated Rnf43 Aggravates Helicobacter Pylori-Induced Gastric Pathology. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E372. [PMID: 30884828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) is frequently mutated in gastric tumors and loss of RNF43 expression was suggested to be one of the key events during the transition from adenoma to gastric carcinoma. Functional studies on RNF43 have shown that it acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating Wnt signaling. Interestingly, we observed that RNF43H292R/H295R mice bearing two point mutations in the ring domain displayed thickening of the mucosa at early age but did not develop neoplasia. In this study, we infected these mice for 6 months with Helicobacter pylori, which has been described as one of the major risk factors for gastric cancer. Mice bearing mutant RNF43H292R/H295R showed higher gastritis scores upon H. pylori infection compared to wild-type mice, accompanied by increased lymphocyte infiltration and Ifng levels. Furthermore, infected Rnf43 mutant mice developed atrophy, hyperplasia and MUC2 expressing metaplasia and displayed higher levels of the gastric stem cell marker CD44 and canonical NF-κB signaling. In summary, our results show that transactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor Rnf43 can worsen H. pylori induced pathology.
Collapse
|
34
|
Fennell LJ, Clendenning M, McKeone DM, Jamieson SH, Balachandran S, Borowsky J, Liu J, Kawamata F, Bond CE, Rosty C, Burge ME, Buchanan DD, Leggett BA, Whitehall VLJ. RNF43 is mutated less frequently in Lynch Syndrome compared with sporadic microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers. Fam Cancer 2019; 17:63-69. [PMID: 28573495 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-0003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway is commonly altered during colorectal cancer development. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF43, negatively regulates the WNT signal through increased ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the Frizzled receptor. RNF43 has recently been reported to harbor frequent truncating frameshift mutations in sporadic microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal cancers. This study assesses the relative frequency of RNF43 mutations in hereditary colorectal cancers arising in the setting of Lynch syndrome. The entire coding region of RNF43 was Sanger sequenced in 24 colorectal cancers from 23 patients who either (i) carried a germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH6, MSH2, PMS2), or (ii) showed immunohistochemical loss of expression of one or more of the DNA mismatch repair proteins, was BRAF wild type at V600E, were under 60 years of age at diagnosis, and demonstrated no promoter region methylation for MLH1 in tumor DNA. A validation cohort of 44 colorectal cancers from mismatch repair germline mutation carriers from the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Registry (ACCFR) were sequenced for the most common truncating mutation hotspots (X117 and X659). RNF43 mutations were found in 9 of 24 (37.5%) Lynch syndrome colorectal cancers. The majority of mutations were frameshift deletions in the G659 G7 repeat tract (29%); 2 cancers (2/24, 8%) from the one patient harbored frameshift mutations at codon R117 (C6 repeat tract) within exon 3. In the ACCFR validation cohort, RNF43 hotspot mutations were identified in 19/44 (43.2%) of samples, which was not significantly different to the initial series. The proportion of mutant RNF43 in Lynch syndrome related colorectal cancers is significantly lower than the previously reported mutation rate found in sporadic MSI colorectal cancers. These findings identify further genetic differences between sporadic and hereditary colorectal cancers. This may be because Lynch Syndrome cancers commonly arise in colorectal adenomas already bearing the APC mutation, whereas sporadic microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers arise from serrated polyps typically lacking APC mutation, decreasing the selection pressure on other WNT signaling related loci in Lynch syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lochlan J Fennell
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diane M McKeone
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Saara H Jamieson
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Samanthy Balachandran
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Borowsky
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - John Liu
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Futoshi Kawamata
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine E Bond
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- Conjoint Gastroentrology Laboratory, Level 7 CBCRC, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,Pathology Queensland, Herston, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bond CE, McKeone DM, Kalimutho M, Bettington ML, Pearson SA, Dumenil TD, Wockner LF, Burge M, Leggett BA, Whitehall VL. RNF43 and ZNRF3 are commonly altered in serrated pathway colorectal tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:70589-600. [PMID: 27661107 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serrated pathway colorectal cancers (CRCs) are characterised by a BRAF mutation and half display microsatellite instability (MSI). The Wnt pathway is commonly upregulated in conventional CRC through APC mutation. By contrast, serrated cancers do not mutate APC. We investigated mutation of the ubiquitin ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 as alternate mechanism of altering the Wnt signal in serrated colorectal neoplasia. RNF43 was mutated in 47/54(87%) BRAF mutant/MSI and 8/33(24%) BRAF mutant/microsatellite stable cancers compared to only 3/79(4%) BRAF wildtype cancers (p<0.0001). ZNRF3 was mutated in 16/54(30%) BRAF mutant/MSI and 5/33(15%) BRAF mutant/microsatellite stable compared to 0/27 BRAF wild type cancers (p=0.004). An RNF43 frameshift mutation (X659fs) occurred in 80% BRAF mutant/MSI cancers. This high rate was verified in a second series of 25/35(71%) BRAF mutant/MSI cancers. RNF43 and ZNRF3 had lower transcript expression in BRAF mutant compared to BRAF wildtype cancers and less cytoplasmic protein expression in BRAF mutant/MSI compared to other subtypes. Treatment with a porcupine inhibitor reduced RNF43/ZNRF3 mutant colony growth by 50% and synergised with a MEK inhibitor to dramatically reduce growth. This study suggests inactivation of RNF43 and ZNRF3 is important in serrated tumorigenesis and has identified a potential therapeutic strategy for this cancer subtype.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway regulates patterning and morphogenesis during development and promotes tissue renewal and regeneration in adults. The R-spondin (RSPO) family of four secreted proteins, RSPO1-4, amplifies target cell sensitivity to WNT ligands by increasing WNT receptor levels. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptors (LGRs) 4-6 are considered obligate high-affinity receptors for RSPOs. We discovered that RSPO2 and RSPO3, but not RSPO1 or RSPO4, can potentiate WNT/β-catenin signaling in the absence of all three LGRs. By mapping the domains on RSPO3 that are necessary and sufficient for this activity, we show that the requirement for LGRs is dictated by the interaction between RSPOs and the ZNRF3/RNF43 E3 ubiquitin ligases and that LGR-independent signaling depends on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). We propose that RSPOs can potentiate WNT signals through distinct mechanisms that differ in their use of either LGRs or HSPGs, with implications for understanding their biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Lebensohn
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fujita M, Matsubara N, Matsuda I, Maejima K, Oosawa A, Yamano T, Fujimoto A, Furuta M, Nakano K, Oku-Sasaki A, Tanaka H, Shiraishi Y, Mateos RN, Nakai K, Miyano S, Tomita N, Hirota S, Ikeuchi H, Nakagawa H. Genomic landscape of colitis-associated cancer indicates the impact of chronic inflammation and its stratification by mutations in the Wnt signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 9:969-981. [PMID: 29416670 PMCID: PMC5787528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of colorectal cancer, known as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). It is still unclear what driver mutations are caused by chronic inflammation and lead to CAC development. To get insight into this issue, we investigated somatic alterations in CAC. We performed exome sequencing of 22 fresh CACs and targeted sequencing of 43 genes on 90 archive specimens from Japanese CAC patients, of which 58 were ulcerative colitis (UC) and 32 were Crohn's disease (CD). Consistently with the previous reports, TP53 was commonly mutated (66%) whereas APC, KRAS and SMAD4 were mutated less frequently (16%, 11% and 11%, respectively). Mucinous CD-CACs in the anus, an Asian-specific subtype of CD-CAC, had less somatic mutations in our target genes. We also found that RNF43, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling, was somatically mutated in a significant fraction of CACs (10 of 90; 11%). Two lines of evidence indicated that somatic mutations of RNF43 were related to chronic inflammation. First, somatic mutations of RNF43 were significantly associated with longer duration of IBD. Second, clinico-pathological features suggested many of the APC-mutated CACs were actually sporadic colorectal cancer whereas RNF43-mutated CACs did not have this tendency. RNA-Seq analysis showed that RNF43-mutated CACs had elevated expression of c-Myc and its target genes, suggesting that RNF43 is a bona fide driver of CAC development. This study provides evidence that somatic mutation of RNF43 is the driver genetic alteration that links chronic inflammation and cancer development in about 10% of CACs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Fujita
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagahide Matsubara
- Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ikuo Matsuda
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Oosawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamano
- Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayuko Furuta
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakano
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Oku-Sasaki
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raúl Nicolás Mateos
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis in silico, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Analysis in silico, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikeuchi
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
With the current epidemic of diagnosed pancreatic cystic neoplasms on the rise, a substantial amount of work has been done to unravel their biology, thus leading to implications on clinical decision making. Recent genetic profiling of resected human specimens has identified alterations in signaling pathways involving KRAS and GNAS signaling as early events in the pathogenesis of intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms. Progressively, mutations in genes such as TP53, SMAD4, RNF43, and others are thought to characterize invasive and advanced lesions. The role of inflammation in fueling the growth and transformation of these cysts has also begun to be studied with greater interest. A number of promising clinical studies have attempted to integrate these genetic insights into classifying these cysts and treating patients. We have reviewed existing literature on similar lines besides commenting on some useful animal models that recapitulate molecular and phenotypic progression of these cysts.
Collapse
|
39
|
Matsushita N, Yamamoto S, Inoue Y, Aruga A, Yamamoto M. RT-qPCR analysis of the tumor antigens TOMM34 and RNF43 in samples extracted from paraffin-embedded specimens of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2281-2287. [PMID: 28789449 PMCID: PMC5530021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive genetic analysis of colorectal malignant tumors by microarrays has identified translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 34 (TOMM34) and ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) as highly expressed oncogenes in malignant colorectal tumors. Vaccine therapy using cancer peptides synthesized using the amino acid sequences of tumor antigens is currently undergoing clinical trials. Since it is important to perform vaccine therapy based on the oncogene expression levels in individual tumors, analysis of tumor antigen expression is necessary for this therapy. However, the quality of the messenger RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens is generally considered insufficient for gene quantification. The present study examined whether it could be possible to quantify the expression of TOMM34 and RNF43 in colorectal cancer and liver metastasis samples prepared from paraffin blocks. The formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens were sliced for slides and the colorectal cancer and normal mucosal tissues were obtained from the slides. Total RNA was extracted from the tissue samples, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed using the Universal ProbeLibrary as a PCR probe. Quantification of TOMM34 and RNF43 gene expression in several-year-old paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer specimens was possible by qPCR using the Universal ProbeLibrary. qPCR revealed that TOMM34 expression was elevated in 78.9% (15 of 19 cases) of the primary tumors and in 73.7% (14 of 19 cases) of the liver metastasis samples. RNF43 expression was elevated in 63.2% (12 of 19 cases) of the primary tumors and in 73.7% (14 of 19 cases) of the liver metastasis samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuji Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Atsushi Aruga
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Taniguchi H, Iwasa S, Yamazaki K, Yoshino T, Kiryu C, Naka Y, Liew EL, Sakata Y. Phase 1 study of OCV-C02, a peptide vaccine consisting of two peptide epitopes for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1013-1021. [PMID: 28266765 PMCID: PMC5448625 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OCV‐C02 is a peptide vaccine consisting of two peptide epitopes derived from ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34 (TOMM34). This Phase 1 study assessed the safety, preliminary efficacy and immunological responses following OCV‐C02 administration in patients with advanced or relapsed colorectal cancer who were intolerant or refractory to standard chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was any occurrence of dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) during cycle 1. Secondary endpoints were treatment‐emergent adverse events, efficacy and immunological responses. Efficacy was evaluated based on overall response rate, disease control rate, time to treatment failure and overall survival. Immunological responses were evaluated by measuring CTL, delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Twenty‐four patients who were HLA‐A*24:02‐positive were enrolled and grouped into four cohorts of six patients each: cohorts 1, 2, 3, and 4 which received s.c. OCV‐C02 (emulsifying agent: Montanide™ ISA 51 VG) 0.3, 1, 3, and 6 mg/body, respectively. After cycle 1, patients who were eligible and willing to continue vaccination proceeded to the extended treatment period. No DLT occurred in cycle 1 and no major safety problems were reported throughout the trial. One patient in cohort 2, three patients in cohort 3 and two patients in cohort 4 achieved stable disease. CTL and DTH responses following vaccination were also observed across the four cohorts. OCV‐C02 at 0.3 to 6 mg/body was found to be safe and well tolerated. Trial registrations: JAPIC clinical trials registry (ID: JapicCTI‐132075) and ClinicalTrials.Gov (ID: NCT01801930).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwasa
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology & Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chika Kiryu
- Department of Clinical Management, Headquarters of Clinical Development, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Naka
- Department of Clinical Development - Oncology, Headquarters of Clinical Development, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ei Leen Liew
- Department of Medical Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuh Sakata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Misawa-City Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hao HX, Jiang X, Cong F. Control of Wnt Receptor Turnover by R-spondin-ZNRF3/ RNF43 Signaling Module and Its Dysregulation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:E54. [PMID: 27338477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is frequently found in various cancers, often through mutations of downstream components. Inhibiting β-catenin signaling in tumors with downstream pathway mutations remains challenging, due to a lack of favorable targets. On the other hand, targeting upstream components of the Wnt pathway is rather straightforward. However, it is difficult to identify tumors addicted to autocrine or paracrine Wnt signaling. Discovery of the R-spondin-ZNRF3/RNF43 signaling module and its genetic alterations in cancers represents a breakthrough in this area. Membrane E3 ligase ZNRF3 and RNF43 are critical negative feedback regulators of the Wnt pathway, which function through promoting ubiquitination and degradation of Wnt receptors. R-spondin proteins (RSPO1-4) serve as natural antagonists of ZNRF3/RNF43. To maintain strong and sustained Wnt/β-catenin signaling, cancers need to overcome ZNRF3/RNF43-mediated feedback inhibition. Indeed, mutations of RNF43/ZNRF3 and recurrent translocations of RSPO2/RSPO3 have recently been identified in various cancers. Significantly, genetic alterations in RNF43/ZNRF3/RSPO2/RSPO3 have shown promise as predictive biomarkers in pre-clinical models for the efficacy of upstream Wnt inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the biology of the R-spondin-ZNRF3/RNF43 signaling module, cancer-associated alterations of this signaling module, and their value as biomarkers to identify Wnt-addicted tumors.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sekine S, Yamashita S, Tanabe T, Hashimoto T, Yoshida H, Taniguchi H, Kojima M, Shinmura K, Saito Y, Hiraoka N, Ushijima T, Ochiai A. Frequent PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions and RNF43 mutations in colorectal traditional serrated adenoma. J Pathol 2016; 239:133-8. [PMID: 26924569 DOI: 10.1002/path.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the serrated pathway of colorectal tumourigenesis, particularly those related to traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs), are still poorly understood. In this study, we analysed genetic alterations in 188 colorectal polyps, including hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps), TSAs, tubular adenomas, and tubulovillous adenomas by using targeted next-generation sequencing and reverse transcription-PCR. Our analyses showed that most TSAs (71%) contained genetic alterations in WNT pathway components. In particular, PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions (31%) and RNF43 mutations (24%) were frequently and almost exclusively observed in TSAs. Consistent with the WNT pathway activation, immunohistochemical analysis showed diffuse and focal nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in 53% and 30% of TSAs, respectively. APC mutations were observed in tubular and tubulovillous adenomas and in a subset of TSAs. BRAF mutations were exclusively and frequently encountered in serrated lesions. KRAS mutations were observed in all types of polyps, but were most commonly encountered in tubulovillous adenomas and TSAs. This study has demonstrated that TSAs frequently harbour genetic alterations that lead to WNT pathway activation, in addition to BRAF and KRAS mutations. In particular, PTPRK-RSPO3 fusions and RNF43 mutations were found to be characteristic genetic features of TSAs. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sekine
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Tanabe
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xie H, Xing C, Cao G, Wei B, Xu X, Song P, Chen L, Chen H, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Association of RNF43 with cell cycle proteins involved in p53 pathway. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:14995-15000. [PMID: 26823834 PMCID: PMC4713620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that RNF43 could regulate the cell cycle in a p53-dependent manner in HCC. In this study, we aimed to access whether RNF43 could interact with cell cycle proteins involved in p53 pathway, including pRB, Cyclin D1 and MDM2. Totally, 123 paired HCC tissues and corresponding noncancerous tissues from HCC patients were included, and the expression of Cyclin D1, pRB and MDM2 was analyzed using tissue microarray. Our results showed the expression level of RNF43 in HCC was positively correlated with that of MDM2, Cyclin D1 and pRB-S780. There was no significant correlation between the expression of RNF43 and pRB-S807/S811. Indicating that RNF43 effected cell cycling by regulating the expression of pRB, Cyclin D1 and MDM2 proteins, and pRB-S780 but not pRB-S807/S811, was participated in RNF43 regulated cell cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Xing
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Bajin Wei
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Penghong Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Leiming Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public HealthHangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Rnf43 (RING finger protein 43) and Znrf3 (zinc/RING finger protein 3) (RZ) are two closely related transmembrane E3 ligases, encoded by Wnt target genes, that remove surface Wnt (wingless-int) receptors. The two genes are mutated in various human cancers. Such tumors are predicted to be hypersensitive to, yet still depend on, secreted Wnts. We previously showed that mutation of RZ in the intestine yields rapidly growing adenomas containing LGR5(+) (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) stem cells and Wnt3-producing Paneth cells. We now show that removal of Paneth cells by Math1 mutation inhibits RZ(-/-) tumor formation. Similarly, deletion of Wnt3 inhibits tumorigenesis. Treatment of mice carrying RZ(-/-) intestinal neoplasia with a small molecule Wnt secretion inhibitor (porcupine inhibitor C59) strongly inhibited growth, whereas adjacent normal crypts remained intact. These results establish that paracrine Wnt secretion is an essential driver of RZ(-/-) tumor growth and imply that a therapeutic window exists for the use of porcupine inhibitors for RZ-mutant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike van den Born
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zou Y, Wang F, Liu FY, Huang MZ, Li W, Yuan XQ, Huang OP, He M. RNF43 mutations are recurrent in Chinese patients with mucinous ovarian carcinoma but absent in other subtypes of ovarian cancer. Gene 2013; 531:112-6. [PMID: 24001777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrate proteins. Recently, large-scale sequencing efforts have identified prevalent RNF43 mutations in pancreatic and ovarian mucinous carcinomas. In the present study, we sequenced the entire coding sequences of RNF43 in 251 Chinese patients with distinct subtypes of ovarian cancers for the presence of RNF43 mutations. A total of 2 novel heterozygous nonsynonymous RNF43 mutations were identified in 2 out of 15 (13.3%) patients with mucinous ovarian carcinoma, these mutations were evolutionarily highly conserved; while no mutation was detected in other samples. In addition, none of the RNF43-mutated samples harbored DICER1 (dicer 1, ribonuclease type III), PPP2R1A (protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha), TRRAP (transformation/transcription domain-associated protein) and DNMT3A (DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha) hot-spot mutations. Recurrent RNF43 mutations existed in mucinous ovarian carcinomas implicated that these mutations might play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis of these patients, while the absence of DICER1, PPP2R1A, TRRAP and DNMT3A hot-spot mutations suggested that these genetic alterations might not play synergistic roles with RNF43 mutations in these individuals. Additionally, the absence of RNF43 mutations in other subtypes of ovarian carcinoma implicated that RNF43 mutations might not be actively involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
R-spondins (RSPOs) enhance Wnt signaling, affect stem cell behavior, bind to leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors 4-6, (LGR4-6) and the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases RING finger 43/zinc and RING finger 3 (RNF43/ZNRF3). The structure of RSPO1 bound to both LGR5 and RNF43 ectodomains confirms their physical linkage. RSPO1 is sandwiched by LGR5 and RNF43, with its rod module of the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) contacting LGR5 and a hairpin inserted into RNF43. LGR5 does not contact RNF43 but increases the affinity of RSPO1 to RNF43, supporting LGR5 as an engagement receptor and RNF43 as an effector receptor. Disease mutations map to the RSPO1-RNF43 interface, which promises therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|