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Shi TH, Sugishita H, Gotoh Y. Crosstalk within and beyond the Polycomb repressive system. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311021. [PMID: 38506728 PMCID: PMC10955045 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms depends on spatiotemporally controlled differentiation of numerous cell types and their maintenance. To generate such diversity based on the invariant genetic information stored in DNA, epigenetic mechanisms, which are heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence, are required to establish and maintain unique gene expression programs. Polycomb repressive complexes represent a paradigm of epigenetic regulation of developmentally regulated genes, and the roles of these complexes as well as the epigenetic marks they deposit, namely H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub, have been extensively studied. However, an emerging theme from recent studies is that not only the autonomous functions of the Polycomb repressive system, but also crosstalks of Polycomb with other epigenetic modifications, are important for gene regulation. In this review, we summarize how these crosstalk mechanisms have improved our understanding of Polycomb biology and how such knowledge could help with the design of cancer treatments that target the dysregulated epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Hideyuki Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugishita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Wang S, Levshov DI, Otsuka K, Zhang BW, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Liu M, Kauppinen EI, Xiang R, Chiashi S, Wenseleers W, Cambré S, Maruyama S. Evaluating the Efficiency of Boron Nitride Coating in Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube-Based 1D Heterostructure Films by Optical Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9917-9928. [PMID: 38548470 PMCID: PMC11008362 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films exhibit exceptional optical and electrical properties, making them highly promising for scalable integrated devices. Previously, we employed SWCNT films as templates for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of one-dimensional heterostructure films where boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and molybdenum disulfide nanotubes (MoS2NTs) were coaxially nested over the SWCNT networks. In this work, we have further refined the synthesis method to achieve precise control over the BNNT coating in SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. The resulting structure of the SWCNT@BNNT films was thoroughly characterized using a combination of electron microscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Specifically, we investigated the pressure effect induced by BNNT wrapping on the SWCNTs in the SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure film and demonstrated that the shifts of the SWCNT's G and 2D (G') modes in Raman spectra can be used as a probe of the efficiency of BNNT coating. In addition, we studied the impact of vacuum annealing on the removal of the initial doping in SWCNTs, arising from exposure to ambient atmosphere, and examined the effect of MoO3 doping in SWCNT films by using UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. We show that through correlation analysis of the G and 2D (G') modes in Raman spectra, it is possible to discern distinct types of doping effects as well as the influence of applied pressure on the SWCNTs within SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the strain and doping effect in both SWCNTs and SWCNT@BNNTs, thereby providing valuable insights for future applications of carbon-nanotube-based one-dimensional heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Dmitry I. Levshov
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ming Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Espoo 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wim Wenseleers
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Sofie Cambré
- Nanostructured
and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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3
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Eguchi T, Sakurai M, Wang Y, Saito C, Yoshii G, Wileman T, Mizushima N, Kuwahara T, Iwatsubo T. The V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis recruits LRRK2 to facilitate the lysosomal stress response. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202302067. [PMID: 38227290 PMCID: PMC10791558 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a Rab kinase associated with Parkinson's disease and several inflammatory diseases, has been shown to localize to stressed lysosomes and get activated to regulate lysosomal homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of LRRK2 recruitment and activation have not been well understood. Here, we found that the ATG8 conjugation system regulates the recruitment of LRRK2 as well as LC3 onto single membranes of stressed lysosomes/phagosomes. This recruitment did not require FIP200-containing autophagy initiation complex, nor did it occur on double-membrane autophagosomes, suggesting independence from canonical autophagy. Consistently, LRRK2 recruitment was regulated by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis, which requires the WD40 domain of ATG16L1 and specifically mediates ATG8 lipidation on single membranes. This mechanism was also responsible for the lysosomal stress-induced activation of LRRK2 and the resultant regulation of lysosomal secretion and enlargement. These results indicate that the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis serves a novel non-autophagic role in the maintenance of lysosomal homeostasis by recruiting LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Eguchi
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Sakurai
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshii
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kuwahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Fujihara Y, Miyata H, Abbasi F, Larasati T, Nozawa K, Yu Z, Ikawa M, Matzuk MM. Tex46 knockout male mice are sterile secondary to sperm head malformations and failure to penetrate through the zona pellucida. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae108. [PMID: 38516277 PMCID: PMC10957234 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Each year, infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide, with 50% of cases attributed to men. It is assumed that sperm head shape is important for sperm-zona pellucida (ZP) penetration but research has yet to elucidate why. We generated testis expressed 46 (Tex46) knockout mice to investigate the essential roles of TEX46 in mammalian reproduction. We used RT-PCR to demonstrate that Tex46 was expressed exclusively in the male reproductive tract in mice and humans. We created Tex46-/- mice using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and analyzed their fertility. Tex46 null spermatozoa underwent further evaluation using computer-assisted sperm analysis, light microscopy, and ultrastructural microscopy. We used immunoblot analysis to elucidate relationships between TEX46 and other acrosome biogenesis-related proteins. Mouse and human TEX46 are testis-enriched and encode a transmembrane protein which is conserved from amphibians to mammals. Loss of the mouse TEX46 protein causes male sterility primarily due to abnormal sperm head formation and secondary effects on sperm motility. Tex46 null spermatozoa morphologically lack the typical hooked sperm head appearance and fail to penetrate through the ZP. Electron microscopy of the testicular germ cells reveals malformation of the acrosomal cap, with misshapen sperm head tips and the appearance of a gap between the acrosome head and the nucleus. TEX46 is essential for sperm head formation, sperm penetration through the ZP, and male fertility in mice, and is a putative contraceptive target in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ferheen Abbasi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tamara Larasati
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Nozawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Technologies, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Saito A, Kinoshita C, Sakai K, Sato K, Sakamoto KQ. Heart rate reduction during voluntary deep diving in free-ranging loggerhead sea turtles. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246334. [PMID: 38442390 PMCID: PMC10949068 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Air-breathing vertebrates exhibit cardiovascular responses to diving including heart rate reduction (diving bradycardia). Field studies on aquatic mammals and birds have shown that the intensity of bradycardia can vary depending on diving behaviour, such as the depth of dives and dive duration. However, in aquatic reptiles, the variation in heart rate during deep dives under natural conditions has not been fully investigated. In this study, we released five loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) outfitted with recorders into the sea and recorded their electrocardiogram, depth, water temperature and longitudinal acceleration. After 3 days, the recorders automatically detached from the turtles. The heart rate signals were detected from the electrodes placed on the surface of the plastron. The mean (±s.d.) heart rate of 12.8±4.1 beats min-1 during dives was significantly lower than that of 20.9±4.1 beats min-1 during surface periods. Heart rate during dives varied with dive depth, although it remained lower than that at the surface. When the turtle dived deeper than 140 m, despite the relatively high flipper stroke rate (approximately 19 strokes min-1), the heart rate dropped rapidly to approximately 2 beats min-1 temporarily. The minimum instantaneous heart rate during dives was lower at deeper dive depths. Our results indicate that loggerhead sea turtles show variations in the intensity of diving bradycardia depending on their diving behaviour, similar to that shown by marine mammals and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Saito
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kinoshita
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Kino Sakai
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Kentaro Q. Sakamoto
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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6
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Tsukiyama T. New insights in ubiquitin-dependent Wnt receptor regulation in tumorigenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00855-w. [PMID: 38383910 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in embryonic development and homeostasis maintenance. Delicate and sensitive fine-tuning of Wnt signaling based on the proper timings and positions is required to balance cell proliferation and differentiation and maintain individual health. Therefore, homeostasis is broken by tissue hypoplasia or tumor formation once Wnt signal dysregulation disturbs the balance of cell proliferation. The well-known regulatory mechanism of Wnt signaling is the molecular reaction associated with the cytoplasmic accumulation of effector β-catenin. In addition to β-catenin, most Wnt effector proteins are also regulated by ubiquitin-dependent modification, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This review will explain the regulation of the whole Wnt signal in four regulatory phases, as well as the different ubiquitin ligases and the function of deubiquitinating enzymes in each phase. Along with the recent results, the mechanism by which RNF43 negatively regulates the surface expression of Wnt receptors, which has recently been well understood, will be detailed. Many RNF43 mutations have been identified in pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers and examined for their functional alteration in Wnt signaling. Several mutations facilitate or activate the Wnt signal, reversing the RNF43 tumor suppressor function into an oncogene. RNF43 may simultaneously play different roles in classical multistep tumorigenesis, as both wild-type and mutant RNF43 suppress the p53 pathway. We hope that the knowledge obtained from further research in RNF43 will be applied to cancer treatment in the future despite the fully unclear function of RNF43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 15NW7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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7
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Hou G, Chitbanyong K, Takeuchi M, Shibata I, Isogai A. Correction to "Comprehensive Study of Preparation of Carboxy Group-Containing Cellulose Fibers from Dry-Lap Kraft Pulps by Catalytic Oxidation with Solid NaOCl". ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2024; 12:2921-2923. [PMID: 38389901 PMCID: PMC10880086 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04750.].
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8
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Zhang H, Ishii K, Shibata T, Ishii S, Hirao M, Lu Z, Takamura R, Kitano S, Miyachi H, Kageyama R, Itakura E, Kobayashi T. Fluctuation of lysosomal protein degradation in neural stem cells of the postnatal mouse brain. Development 2024; 151:dev202231. [PMID: 38265146 PMCID: PMC10911176 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular organelles responsible for degrading diverse macromolecules delivered from several pathways, including the endo-lysosomal and autophagic pathways. Recent reports have suggested that lysosomes are essential for regulating neural stem cells in developing, adult and aged brains. However, the activity of these lysosomes has yet to be monitored in these brain tissues. Here, we report the development of a new probe to measure lysosomal protein degradation in brain tissue by immunostaining. Our results indicate that lysosomal protein degradation fluctuates in neural stem cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, depending on age and brain disorders. Neural stem cells increase their lysosomal activity during hippocampal development in the dentate gyrus, but aging and aging-related disease reduce lysosomal activity. In addition, physical exercise increases lysosomal activity in neural stem cells and astrocytes in the dentate gyrus. We therefore propose that three different stages of lysosomal activity exist: the state of increase during development, the stable state during adulthood and the state of reduction due to damage caused by either age or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Karan Ishii
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shibata
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Marika Hirao
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Zhou Lu
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Risa Takamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Eisuke Itakura
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taeko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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9
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Loza M, Vandenbon A, Nakai K. Epigenetic characterization of housekeeping core promoters and their importance in tumor suppression. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1107-1119. [PMID: 38084904 PMCID: PMC10853790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, we elucidate the presence of around 11,000 housekeeping cis-regulatory elements (HK-CREs) and describe their main characteristics. Besides the trivial promoters of housekeeping genes, most HK-CREs reside in promoter regions and are involved in a broader role beyond housekeeping gene regulation. HK-CREs are conserved regions rich in unmethylated CpG sites. Their distribution highly correlates with that of protein-coding genes, and they interact with many genes over long distances. We observed reduced activity of a subset of HK-CREs in diverse cancer subtypes due to aberrant methylation, particularly those located in chromosome 19 and associated with zinc finger genes. Further analysis of samples from 17 cancer subtypes showed a significantly increased survival probability of patients with higher expression of these genes, suggesting them as housekeeping tumor suppressor genes. Overall, our work unravels the presence of housekeeping CREs indispensable for the maintenance and stability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Loza
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakai
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Jędrzejowska K, Kobylarczyk J, Tabor D, Srebro-Hooper M, Kumar K, Li G, Stefanczyk O, Muzioł TM, Dziedzic-Kocurek K, Ohkoshi SI, Podgajny R. Nonlinear and Emissive {[M III(CN) 6] 3-···Polyresorcinol} (M = Fe, Co, Cr) Cocrystals Exhibiting an Ultralow Frequency Raman Response. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1803-1815. [PMID: 38109502 PMCID: PMC10828991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Optically active functional noncentrosymmetric architectures might be achieved through the combination of molecules with inscribed optical responses and species of dedicated tectonic character. Herein, we present the new series of noncentrosymmetric cocrystal salt solvates (PPh4)3[M(CN)6](L)n·msolv (M = Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(III); L = polyresorcinol coformers, multiple hydrogen bond donors: 3,3',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-1,19-biphenyl, DiR, n = 2, or 5'-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3″,5,5″-tetrahydroxy-1,19:3',1″-terphenyl, TriRB, n = 1) denoted as MDiR and MTriRB, respectively. The hydrogen-bonded subnetworks {[M(CN)6]3-;Ln}∞ of dmp, neb, or dia topology are formed through structural matching between building blocks within supramolecular cis-bis(chelate)-like {[M(CN)6]3-;(H2L)2(HL)2} or tris(chelate)-like {[M(CN)6]3-;(H2L)3} fragments. The quantum-chemical analysis demonstrates the mixed electrostatic and covalent character of these interactions, with their strength clearly enhanced due to the negative charge of the hydrogen bond acceptor metal complex. The corresponding interaction energy is also dependent on the geometry of the contact and size matching of its components, rotational degree of freedom and extent of the π-electron system of the coformer, and overall fit to the molecular surroundings. Symmetry of the crystal lattices is correlated with the local symmetry of coformers and {complex;(coformer)n} hydrogen-bonded motifs characterized by the absence of the inversion center and mirror plane. All compounds reveal second-harmonic generation activity and photoluminescence diversified by individual UV-vis spectral characteristics of the components, and interesting low-frequency Raman scattering spectra within the subterahertz spectroscopic domain. Vibrational (infrared/Raman), UV-vis electronic absorption (experimental and calculated), and 57Fe Mössbauer spectra together with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data are provided for the complete description of our systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jędrzejowska
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University in Kraków, Prof. St. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dominika Tabor
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Srebro-Hooper
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Guanping Li
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Olaf Stefanczyk
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadeusz M. Muzioł
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University
in Toruń, Gagarina
7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziedzic-Kocurek
- Marian Smoluchowski
Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of
Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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11
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Hashidoko A, Kitanosono T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Water vs. Organic Solvents: Water-Controlled Divergent Reactivity of 2-Substituted Indoles. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301045. [PMID: 38217396 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Water is not a good solvent for most organic compounds, yet water can offer many benefits to some organic reactions, hence enriching organic chemistry. Herein, the unique divergent reactivity of 2-substituted indoles with ⋅NO sources is presented. The amount of water solvent was harnessed for a scalable, benign, and expedient synthesis of indolenine oximes, albeit with water's inability to dissolve the reactants. 2-Methoxyethyl nitrite, which has been tailored for reactions in water, empowered this protocol by enhancing the product selectivity. We further report on chemoselective transformations of the products that rely on their structural features. Our findings are expected to offer access to an underexplored chemical space. The platform is also applicable to oximinomalonate synthesis. Mechanistic studies revealed the important role of water in the reversal of stability between oxime and nitroso compounds, promoting the proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airu Hashidoko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Haneda Y, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Uchijima Y, Iwase A, Asai R, Kohro T, Wada Y, Kurihara H. Diverse contribution of amniogenic somatopleural cells to cardiovascular development: With special reference to thyroid vasculature. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:59-77. [PMID: 36038963 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The somatopleure serves as the primordium of the amnion, an extraembryonic membrane surrounding the embryo. Recently, we have reported that amniogenic somatopleural cells (ASCs) not only form the amnion but also migrate into the embryo and differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. However, detailed differentiation processes and final distributions of these intra-embryonic ASCs (hereafter referred to as iASCs) remain largely unknown. RESULTS By quail-chick chimera analysis, we here show that iASCs differentiate into various cell types including cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac interstitial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. In the pharyngeal region, they distribute selectively into the thyroid gland and differentiate into vascular endothelial cells to form intra-thyroid vasculature. Explant culture experiments indicated sequential requirement of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling for endothelial differentiation of iASCs. Single-cell transcriptome analysis further revealed heterogeneity and the presence of hemangioblast-like cell population within ASCs, with a switch from FGF to VEGF receptor gene expression. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates novel roles of ASCss especially in heart and thyroid development. It will provide a novel clue for understanding the cardiovascular development of amniotes from embryological and evolutionary perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Haneda
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Nursing Science, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Asai
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Medical Informatics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Kado A, Tsutsumi T, Yotsuyanagi H, Ikeuchi K, Okushin K, Moriya K, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Differential peripheral memory T cell subsets sensitively indicate the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2023. [PMID: 38157267 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Differential patterns of peripheral memory T cell subsets in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were assessed using flow cytometry (FCM) to elucidate their association with NAFLD severity and provide a new noninvasive method to sensitively detect the disease severity in addition to existing biomarkers. METHODS We assessed the differential frequencies of peripheral memory T cell subsets in 103 patients with NAFLD according to the degree of liver fibrosis (FIB) using FCM analysis. We focused on the following populations: CCR7+ CD45RA+ naïve T, CCR7+ CD45RA- central memory T cells (TCM), CCR7- CD45RA- effector memory T, and CCR7- CD45RA+ terminally differentiated effector memory T (TEMRA) cells in CD4+ and CD8+ T, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, respectively. To evaluate the pathological progression of the disease, these frequencies were also examined according to the degree of the NAFLD activity score (NAS). RESULTS Several significant correlations were observed between laboratory parameters and peripheral memory T lymphocyte frequencies according to the degree of liver FIB and NAS in NAFLD. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the frequency of CD8+ TEMRA cells predicted severe FIB, and the predictive power was validated in an independent cohort. Furthermore, the frequencies of several memory T cell subsets sensitively indicated the pathological progression of NAFLD (Th17 TCM: steatosis, CD4+ TCM: lobular inflammation, and CD8+ TEMRA and effector memory T cells: hepatocellular ballooning). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the analysis of peripheral memory T lymphocyte frequencies can noninvasively predict severe FIB and sensitively indicate the pathological progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okushin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Education Research Center, The Tokyo Health Care University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Tajima S, Liu J, Tokunaga T. Mechanisms of Non-Fresh Groundwater Presence at Water Tables in Highly Permeable Coastal Aquifers. Ground Water 2023. [PMID: 38135893 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coastal aquifers with high hydraulic conductivities on the order of 10-2 m s-1 have unconventional salinity distributions with the presence of non-fresh groundwater at the water table over a wide swath near the coast. This study aims to unravel the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon via numerical simulations for variably saturated, density-driven flow and solute transport in porous media. The simulation results indicate that the existence of non-fresh groundwater at the water table is attributed to the upward mass flux in the saturated zone near the coast, which transports solute from deeper groundwater toward the water table. With high hydraulic conductivity, the upward mass flux becomes prominent at shallower elevations because of the high Darcy flux and the shallow saline groundwater. The upward mass flux has two main drivers, upward advection by the upward flow component and transverse dispersion by the seaward flow component. The advective mass flux dominates over the transverse dispersion in the deep part of the saturated zone where only groundwater with sea water salinity exists. In contrast, the transverse dispersion becomes more pronounced than the upward advection in the shallow saturated zone just beneath the water table and in the unsaturated zone immediately above the water table. Our findings help interpret the unconventional salinity distributions observed and elucidate the unique dynamics of groundwater flow and solute transport in highly permeable coastal aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tajima
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Tomochika Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
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15
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Zhou H, Ramaraj SG, Ma K, Sarker MS, Liao Z, Tang S, Yamahara H, Tabata H. Real-time detection of acetone gas molecules at ppt levels in an air atmosphere using a partially suspended graphene surface acoustic wave skin gas sensor. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6999-7008. [PMID: 38059024 PMCID: PMC10696977 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the quality of modern life in the current society, low-power, highly sensitive, and reliable healthcare technology is necessary to monitor human health in real-time. In this study, we fabricated partially suspended monolayer graphene surface acoustic wave gas sensors (G-SAWs) with a love-mode wave to effectively detect ppt-level acetone gas molecules at room temperature. The sputtered SiO2 thin film on the surface of a black 36°YX-LiTaO3 (B-LT) substrate acted as a guiding layer, effectively reducing the noise and insertion loss. The G-SAWs exhibited enhanced gas response towards acetone gas molecules (800 ppt) in a real-time atmosphere. The high sensitivity of the G-SAW sensor can be attributed to the elasticity and surface roughness of the SiO2 film. In addition, the G-SAW sensor exhibited rapid response and recovery at room temperature. This study provides a potential strategy for diagnosing different stages of diabetes in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Sankar Ganesh Ramaraj
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Md Shamim Sarker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Zhiqiang Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Siyi Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamahara
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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16
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Shoji N, Yamashita T. Tensile Stress Reduction and Strain Concentration of Epoxy Resin Caused by Heterogeneity: A Multiscale Approach Combining Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Finite Element Method. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9066-9073. [PMID: 37844116 PMCID: PMC10615074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of heterogeneity on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin by combining coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) and finite element method (FEM) simulations. To evaluate the heterogeneity effect in the uniaxial elongation, heterogeneous and homogeneous FEM models of micrometer-scale cubic epoxy resin were constructed. For the heterogeneous FEM model, parameters of nanometer-scale elements were determined by CG-MD simulations, where nanometer-scale blocks have different cross-linked structures. For the homogeneous FEM model, the averaged parameters were used for all elements. The calculated stress-strain (S-S) curves of the heterogeneous model exhibit similar tensile stress values when compared to the experimental data, whereas the homogeneous model yields notably higher values. Moreover, a clear strain concentration associated with the formation of the shear band-like structure was observed in the heterogeneous model and not in the homogeneous model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Shoji
- Laboratory
for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science
and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- NIPPON
STEEL Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., 1-13-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yamashita
- Laboratory
for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science
and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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17
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Nakanishi Y, Cheng B, Richardson JJ, Ejima H. Using phenolic polymers to control the size and morphology of calcium carbonate microparticles. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30539-30547. [PMID: 37860174 PMCID: PMC10583160 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a naturally occurring mineral that occurs in biology and is used industrially. Due to its benign nature, CaCO3 microparticles have found use in the food and medical fields, where the specific size of the microparticles determine their functionality and potential applications. We demonstrate that phenolic polymers with different numbers of hydroxy groups can be used to control the diameter of CaCO3 microparticles in a range of 2-9 μm, and obtained particles were relatively uniform. The largest particles (∼9 μm in diameter) were obtained using poly(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxystyrene) (P4HS), which showed the highest water solubility among the tested phenolic polymers. The polymer concentration and stirring speed influenced the size of microparticles, where the size of the obtained particles became smaller as the concentrations of phenolic polymers increased and as the stirring speed increased, both likely due to promoting the formation of a large number of individual crystal seeds by shielding seed-seed fusion and increasing the chances for precursor contact, respectively. The preparation time and temperature had a great influence on the morphology of the CaCO3 particles, where vaterite transforms into calcite over time. Specifically, aragonite crystals were observed at preparation temperature of 80 °C and vaterite particles with rough surfaces were obtained at 40 °C. Molecular weight and scale of reaction were also factors which affect the size and morphologies of CaCO3 particles. This research represents a facile method for producing relatively monodisperse CaCO3 microparticles with diameters that have previously proven difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Nakanishi
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Bohan Cheng
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Joseph J Richardson
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Hirotaka Ejima
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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18
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Kato M, Maeda K, Nakahara R, Hirose H, Kondo A, Aki S, Sugaya M, Hibino S, Nishida M, Hasegawa M, Morita H, Ando R, Tsuchida R, Yoshida M, Kodama T, Yanai H, Shimamura T, Osawa T. Acidic extracellular pH drives accumulation of N1-acetylspermidine and recruitment of protumor neutrophils. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad306. [PMID: 37822765 PMCID: PMC10563787 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
An acidic tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, understanding of metabolic reprogramming of tumors in response to acidic extracellular pH has remained elusive. Using comprehensive metabolomic analyses, we demonstrated that acidic extracellular pH (pH 6.8) leads to the accumulation of N1-acetylspermidine, a protumor metabolite, through up-regulation of the expression of spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Inhibition of SAT1 expression suppressed the accumulation of intra- and extracellular N1-acetylspermidine at acidic pH. Conversely, overexpression of SAT1 increased intra- and extracellular N1-acetylspermidine levels, supporting the proposal that SAT1 is responsible for accumulation of N1-acetylspermidine. While inhibition of SAT1 expression only had a minor effect on cancer cell growth in vitro, SAT1 knockdown significantly decreased tumor growth in vivo, supporting a contribution of the SAT1-N1-acetylspermidine axis to protumor immunity. Immune cell profiling revealed that inhibition of SAT1 expression decreased neutrophil recruitment to the tumor, resulting in impaired angiogenesis and tumor growth. We showed that antineutrophil-neutralizing antibodies suppressed growth in control tumors to a similar extent to that seen in SAT1 knockdown tumors in vivo. Further, a SAT1 signature was found to be correlated with poor patient prognosis. Our findings demonstrate that extracellular acidity stimulates recruitment of protumor neutrophils via the SAT1-N1-acetylspermidine axis, which may represent a metabolic target for antitumor immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kato
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakahara
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japanxs
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ayano Kondo
- Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Sho Aki
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Maki Sugaya
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Sana Hibino
- Department of Inflammology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nishida
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Manami Hasegawa
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hinano Morita
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austion, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ritsuko Ando
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Rika Tsuchida
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Inflammology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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19
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Yasuzawa Y, Shibuya R, Senga Y, Miyafusa T, Honda S. Determination of the optimal connector length to enhance stability of backbone-circularized granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1910-1921. [PMID: 37574212 PMCID: PMC10549227 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving protein stability is important for industrial applications, and one promising method for achieving this is backbone circularization. As connector length affects stability, predicting and elucidating a more stable connector length is necessary for development of the backbone circularization method. However, the relationship between connector length and protein stability has not been completely elucidated. Here, we determined the most stable connector length for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor by changing one residue at a time to produce connector length variants and then measuring their thermal stability. Analysis of the local structures obtained from the predicted structures of the circularized variants revealed that an approach using helix length, dihedral backbone angle, and number of unbonded hydrogen bond donors and acceptors is suitable for identifying connector lengths with higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yasuzawa
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
| | - Risa Shibuya
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
- Biomedical Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Yukako Senga
- Biomedical Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Takamitsu Miyafusa
- Biomedical Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoJapan
- Biomedical Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
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20
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Cui Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Pan T, Zhang Z, Li S, Guo Y, Akutsu T, Song J. SMG: self-supervised masked graph learning for cancer gene identification. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad406. [PMID: 37950905 PMCID: PMC10639095 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomics is dedicated to elucidating the genes and pathways that contribute to cancer progression and development. Identifying cancer genes (CGs) associated with the initiation and progression of cancer is critical for characterization of molecular-level mechanism in cancer research. In recent years, the growing availability of high-throughput molecular data and advancements in deep learning technologies has enabled the modelling of complex interactions and topological information within genomic data. Nevertheless, because of the limited labelled data, pinpointing CGs from a multitude of potential mutations remains an exceptionally challenging task. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning framework, termed self-supervised masked graph learning (SMG), which comprises SMG reconstruction (pretext task) and task-specific fine-tuning (downstream task). In the pretext task, the nodes of multi-omic featured protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are randomly substituted with a defined mask token. The PPI networks are then reconstructed using the graph neural network (GNN)-based autoencoder, which explores the node correlations in a self-prediction manner. In the downstream tasks, the pre-trained GNN encoder embeds the input networks into feature graphs, whereas a task-specific layer proceeds with the final prediction. To assess the performance of the proposed SMG method, benchmarking experiments are performed on three node-level tasks (identification of CGs, essential genes and healthy driver genes) and one graph-level task (identification of disease subnetwork) across eight PPI networks. Benchmarking experiments and performance comparison with existing state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the superiority of SMG on multi-omic feature engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Zhikang Wang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Tong Pan
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tatsuya Akutsu
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jiangning Song
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Monash Data Futures Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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21
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Xie L, Gonzalez O, Li K, Michiardi M, Gorovikov S, Ryu SH, Fender SS, Zonno M, Jo NH, Zhdanovich S, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Husremović S, Erodici MP, Mollazadeh C, Damascelli A, Rotenberg E, Ping Y, Bediako DK. Comparative Electronic Structures of the Chiral Helimagnets Cr 1/3NbS 2 and Cr 1/3TaS 2. Chem Mater 2023; 35:7239-7251. [PMID: 37719035 PMCID: PMC10500995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic materials with noncollinear spin textures are promising for spintronic applications. To realize practical devices, control over the length and energy scales of such spin textures is imperative. The chiral helimagnets Cr1/3NbS2 and Cr1/3TaS2 exhibit analogous magnetic-phase diagrams with different real-space periodicities and field dependence, positioning them as model systems for studying the relative strengths of the microscopic mechanisms giving rise to exotic spin textures. Although the electronic structure of the Nb analogue has been experimentally investigated, the Ta analogue has received far less attention. Here, we present a comprehensive suite of electronic structure studies on both Cr1/3NbS2 and Cr1/3TaS2 using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory. We show that bands in Cr1/3TaS2 are more dispersive than their counterparts in Cr1/3NbS2, resulting in markedly different Fermi wavevectors. The fact that their qualitative magnetic phase diagrams are nevertheless identical shows that hybridization between the intercalant and host lattice mediates the magnetic exchange interactions in both of these materials. We ultimately find that ferromagnetic coupling is stronger in Cr1/3TaS2, but larger spin-orbit coupling (and a stronger Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction) from the heavier host lattice ultimately gives rise to shorter spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia
S. Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oscar Gonzalez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kejun Li
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Matteo Michiardi
- Quantum
Matter Institute, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sergey Gorovikov
- Canadian
Light Source, Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Sae Hee Ryu
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shannon S. Fender
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marta Zonno
- Canadian
Light Source, Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Na Hyun Jo
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sergey Zhdanovich
- Quantum
Matter Institute, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samra Husremović
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew P. Erodici
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cameron Mollazadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrea Damascelli
- Quantum
Matter Institute, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuan Ping
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - D. Kwabena Bediako
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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22
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Troisi R, Napolitano V, Rossitto E, Osman W, Nagano M, Wakui K, Popowicz G, Yoshimoto K, Sica F. Steric hindrance and structural flexibility shape the functional properties of a guanine-rich oligonucleotide. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8880-8890. [PMID: 37503836 PMCID: PMC10484730 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligand/protein molecular recognition involves a dynamic process, whereby both partners require a degree of structural plasticity to regulate the binding/unbinding event. Here, we present the characterization of the interaction between a highly dynamic G-rich oligonucleotide, M08s-1, and its target protein, human α-thrombin. M08s-1 is the most active anticoagulant aptamer selected thus far. Circular dichroism and gel electrophoresis analyses indicate that both intramolecular and intermolecular G-quadruplex structures are populated in solution. The presence of thrombin stabilises the antiparallel intramolecular chair-like G-quadruplex conformation, that provides by far the main contribution to the biological activity of the aptamer. The crystal structure of the thrombin-oligonucleotide complex reveals that M08s-1 adopts a kinked structural organization formed by a G-quadruplex domain and a long duplex module, linked by a stretch of five purine bases. The quadruplex motif hooks the exosite I region of thrombin and the duplex region is folded towards the surface of the protein. This structural feature, which has never been observed in other anti-exosite I aptamers with a shorter duplex motif, hinders the approach of a protein substrate to the active site region and may well explain the significant increase in the anticoagulant activity of M08s-1 compared to the other anti-exosite I aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romualdo Troisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Valeria Napolitano
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Emanuele Rossitto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Waleed Osman
- Research and Development Division, LinkBIO Co., Ltd., The ICI Center, 5270 Terada, Toride-shi, Ibaraki 302-0021, Japan
| | - Masanobu Nagano
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Koji Wakui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Biomolecular NMR and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Keitaro Yoshimoto
- Research and Development Division, LinkBIO Co., Ltd., The ICI Center, 5270 Terada, Toride-shi, Ibaraki 302-0021, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Filomena Sica
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy
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23
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Shibata T, Sato R, Taoka M, Saitoh SI, Komine M, Yamaguchi K, Goyama S, Motoi Y, Kitaura J, Izawa K, Yamauchi Y, Tsukamoto Y, Ichinohe T, Fujita E, Hiranuma R, Fukui R, Furukawa Y, Kitamura T, Takai T, Tojo A, Ohtsuki M, Ohto U, Shimizu T, Ozawa M, Yoshida N, Isobe T, Latz E, Mukai K, Taguchi T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Miyake K. TLR7/8 stress response drives histiocytosis in SLC29A3 disorders. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230054. [PMID: 37462944 PMCID: PMC10354536 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the lysosomal nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 cause lysosomal nucleoside storage and histiocytosis: phagocyte accumulation in multiple organs. However, little is known about the mechanism by which lysosomal nucleoside storage drives histiocytosis. Herein, histiocytosis in Slc29a3-/- mice was shown to depend on Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which senses a combination of nucleosides and oligoribonucleotides (ORNs). TLR7 increased phagocyte numbers by driving the proliferation of Ly6Chi immature monocytes and their maturation into Ly6Clow phagocytes in Slc29a3-/- mice. Downstream of TLR7, FcRγ and DAP10 were required for monocyte proliferation. Histiocytosis is accompanied by inflammation in SLC29A3 disorders. However, TLR7 in nucleoside-laden splenic monocytes failed to activate inflammatory responses. Enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines was observed only after stimulation with ssRNAs, which would increase lysosomal ORNs. Patient-derived monocytes harboring the G208R SLC29A3 mutation showed enhanced survival and proliferation in a TLR8-antagonist-sensitive manner. These results demonstrated that TLR7/8 responses to lysosomal nucleoside stress drive SLC29A3 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Motoi
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumi Izawa
- Atopy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hiranuma
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukui
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ozawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kojiro Mukai
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taguchi
- Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Laboratory of Organelle Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier Institute—Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Shikai Y, Kawai S, Katsuyama Y, Ohnishi Y. In vitro characterization of nonribosomal peptide synthetase-dependent O-(2-hydrazineylideneacetyl)serine synthesis indicates a stepwise oxidation strategy to generate the α-diazo ester moiety of azaserine. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8766-8776. [PMID: 37621439 PMCID: PMC10445470 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Azaserine, a natural product containing a diazo group, exhibits anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the biosynthetic pathway to azaserine. The putative azaserine biosynthetic gene (azs) cluster, which contains 21 genes, including those responsible for hydrazinoacetic acid (HAA) synthesis, was discovered using bioinformatics analysis of the Streptomyces fragilis genome. Azaserine was produced by the heterologous expression of the azs cluster in Streptomyces albus. In vitro enzyme assays using recombinant Azs proteins revealed the azaserine biosynthetic pathway as follows. AzsSPTF and carrier protein (CP) AzsQ are used to synthesize the 2-hydrazineylideneacetyl (HDA) moiety attached to AzsQ from HAA. AzsD transfers the HDA moiety to the C-terminal CP domain of AzsN. The heterocyclization (Cy) domain of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase AzsO synthesizes O-(2-hydrazineylideneacetyl)serine (HDA-Ser) attached to its CP domain from l-serine and HDA moiety-attached AzsN. The thioesterase AzsB hydrolyzes it to yield HDA-Ser, which appears to be converted to azaserine by oxidation. Bioinformatics analysis of the Cy domain of AzsO showed that it has a conserved DxxxxD motif; however, two conserved amino acid residues (Thr and Asp) important for heterocyclization are substituted for Asn. Site-directed mutagenesis of two Asp residues in the DxxxxD motif (D193 and D198) and two substituted Asn residues (N414 and N447) indicated that these four residues are important for ester bond synthesis. These results showed that the diazo ester of azasrine is synthesized by the stepwise oxidation of the HAA moiety and provided another strategy to biosynthesize the diazo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shikai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Seiji Kawai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yohei Katsuyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohnishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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25
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Deguchi M, Fukazawa T, Kubo T. regeneration factors expressed on myeloid expression in macrophage-like cells is required for tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Development 2023; 150:dev200467. [PMID: 37522363 PMCID: PMC10445729 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus laevis tadpoles can regenerate whole tails after amputation. We have previously reported that interleukin 11 (il11) is required for tail regeneration. In this study, we have screened for genes that support tail regeneration under Il11 signaling in a certain cell type and have identified the previously uncharacterized genes Xetrov90002578m.L and Xetrov90002579m.S [referred to hereafter as regeneration factors expressed on myeloid.L (rfem.L) and rfem.S]. Knockdown (KD) of rfem.L and rfem.S causes defects of tail regeneration, indicating that rfem.L and/or rfem.S are required for tail regeneration. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that rfem.L and rfem.S are expressed in a subset of leukocytes with a macrophage-like gene expression profile. KD of colony-stimulating factor 1 (csf1), which is essential for macrophage differentiation and survival, reduced rfem.L and rfem.S expression levels and the number of rfem.L- and rfem.S-expressing cells in the regeneration bud. Furthermore, forced expression of rfem.L under control of the mpeg1 promoter, which drives rfem.L in macrophage-like cells, rescues rfem.L and rfem.S KD-induced tail regeneration defects. Our findings suggest that rfem.L or rfem.S expression in macrophage-like cells is required for tail regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Deguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Fukazawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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26
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Yokomizo-Nakano T, Hamashima A, Kubota S, Bai J, Sorin S, Sun Y, Kikuchi K, Iimori M, Morii M, Kanai A, Iwama A, Huang G, Kurotaki D, Takizawa H, Matsui H, Sashida G. Exposure to microbial products followed by loss of Tet2 promotes myelodysplastic syndrome via remodeling HSCs. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220962. [PMID: 37071125 PMCID: PMC10120406 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been implicated as a driver of the development of MDS. We herein demonstrated that a prior stimulation with bacterial and viral products followed by loss of the Tet2 gene facilitated the development of MDS via up-regulating the target genes of the Elf1 transcription factor and remodeling the epigenome in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a manner that was dependent on Polo-like kinases (Plk) downstream of Tlr3/4-Trif signaling but did not increase genomic mutations. The pharmacological inhibition of Plk function or the knockdown of Elf1 expression was sufficient to prevent the epigenetic remodeling in HSCs and diminish the enhanced clonogenicity and the impaired erythropoiesis. Moreover, this Elf1-target signature was significantly enriched in MDS HSPCs in humans. Therefore, prior infection stress and the acquisition of a driver mutation remodeled the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes and cellular functions in HSCs via the Trif-Plk-Elf1 axis, which promoted the development of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Hamashima
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Supannika Sorin
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mihoko Iimori
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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27
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Murono K, Yokoyama Y, Nozawa H, Sasaki K, Emoto S, Matsuzaki H, Kashiwabara K, Ishigami H, Gohda Y, Yamaguchi H, Kitayama J, Ishihara S. Intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with FOLFOX/CAPOX plus bevacizumab for colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (the iPac-02 trial): study protocol of a single arm, multicenter, phase 2 study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:173. [PMID: 37340243 PMCID: PMC10282041 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of intraperitoneally administrated paclitaxel (op PTX) was demonstrated in the phase I trial of ip PTX combined with conventional systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Moreover, the median survival time was 29.3 months, which was longer than that observed in previous studies. Here, we planned the phase II trial of ip PTX: the iPac-02 trial. METHODS This multicenter, open-label, single assignment interventional clinical study includes patients with colorectal cancer with unresectable peritoneal carcinomatosis. FOLFOX-bevacizumab or CAPOX-bevacizumab is administered concomitantly as systemic chemotherapy. PTX 20 mg/m2 is administered weekly through the peritoneal access port in addition to these conventional systemic chemotherapies. The response rate is the primary endpoint. Progression-free survival, overall survival, peritoneal cancer index improvement rate, rate of negative peritoneal lavage cytology, safety, and response rate to peritoneal metastases are the secondary endpoints. A total of 38 patients are included in the study. In the interim analysis, the study will continue to the second stage if at least 4 of the first 14 patients respond to the study treatment. The study has been registered at the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT2031220110). RESULTS We previously conducted phase I trial of ip PTX combined with conventional systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis [1]. In the study, three patients underwent mFOLFOX, bevacizumab, and weekly ip PTX, and the other three patients underwent CAPOX, bevacizumab, and weekly ip PTX treatment. The dose of PTX was 20 mg/m [2]. The primary endpoint was the safety of the chemotherapy, and secondary endpoints were response rate, peritoneal cancer index improvement rate, rate of negative peritoneal lavage cytology, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Dose limiting toxicity was not observed, and the adverse events of ip PTX combined with oxaliplatin-based systemic chemotherapy were similar to those described in previous studies using systemic chemotherapy alone [3, 4]. The response rate was 25%, peritoneal cancer index improvement rate was 50%, and cytology in peritoneal lavage turned negative in all the cases. The progression-free survival was 8.8 months (range, 6.8-12 months), and median survival time was 29.3 months [5], which was longer than that observed in previous studies. CONCLUSION Here, we planned the phase II trial of ip paclitaxel combined with conventional chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis: the iPac-02 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murono
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kashiwabara
- Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishigami
- Department of Chemotherapy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Gohda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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28
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Yorimitsu T, Sato K. Sec16 and Sed4 interdependently function as interaction and localization partners at ER exit sites. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:308925. [PMID: 37158682 PMCID: PMC10184828 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
COPII proteins assemble at ER exit sites (ERES) to form transport carriers. The initiation of COPII assembly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is triggered by the ER membrane protein Sec12. Sec16, which plays a critical role in COPII organization, localizes to ERES independently of Sec12. However, the mechanism underlying Sec16 localization is poorly understood. Here, we show that a Sec12 homolog, Sed4, is concentrated at ERES and mediates ERES localization of Sec16. We found that the interaction between Sec16 and Sed4 ensures their correct localization to ERES. Loss of the interaction with Sec16 leads to redistribution of Sed4 from the ERES specifically to high-curvature ER areas, such as the tubules and edges of the sheets. The luminal domain of Sed4 mediates this distribution, which is required for Sed4, but not for Sec16, to be concentrated at ERES. We further show that the luminal domain and its O-mannosylation are involved in the self-interaction of Sed4. Our findings provide insight into how Sec16 and Sed4 function interdependently at ERES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yorimitsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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29
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Qiu H, Obata K, Yuan Z, Nishimoto T, Lee Y, Nagato K, Kinefuchi I, Shiomi J, Takanabe K. Quantitative Description of Bubble Formation in Response to Electrolyte Engineering. Langmuir 2023; 39:4993-5001. [PMID: 36989231 PMCID: PMC10100563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The green hydrogen economy is expected to play a crucial role in carbon neutrality, but industrial-scale water electrolysis requires improvements in efficiency, operation costs, and capital costs before broad deployment. Electrolysis operates at a high current density and involves the substantial formation of gaseous products from the electrode surfaces to the electrolyte, which may lead to additional resistance and a resulting loss of efficiency. A detailed clarification of the bubble departure phenomena against the electrode surface and the surrounding electrolytes is needed to further control bubbles in a water electrolyzer. This study clarifies how electrolyte properties affect the measured bubble detachment sizes from the comparisons with analytical expressions and dynamic simulations. Bubble behavior in various electrolyte solutions and operating conditions was described using various physical parameters. A quantitative relationship was then established to connect electrolyte properties and bubble departure diameters, which can help regulate the bubble management through electrolyte engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihang Qiu
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Obata
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Zhicheng Yuan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishimoto
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yaerim Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagato
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kinefuchi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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30
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Hu S, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Sugita Y, Wendt L, Muramoto Y, Nakano M, Hoenen T, Noda T. Cryoelectron microscopic structure of the nucleoprotein-RNA complex of the European filovirus, Lloviu virus. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad120. [PMID: 37124400 PMCID: PMC10139700 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lloviu virus (LLOV) is a novel filovirus detected in Schreiber's bats in Europe. The isolation of the infectious LLOV from bats has raised public health concerns. However, the virological and molecular characteristics of LLOV remain largely unknown. The nucleoprotein (NP) of LLOV encapsidates the viral genomic RNA to form a helical NP-RNA complex, which acts as a scaffold for nucleocapsid formation and de novo viral RNA synthesis. In this study, using single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, we determined two structures of the LLOV NP-RNA helical complex, comprising a full-length and a C-terminally truncated NP. The two helical structures were identical, demonstrating that the N-terminal region determines the helical arrangement of the NP. The LLOV NP-RNA protomers displayed a structure similar to that in the Ebola and Marburg virus, but the spatial arrangements in the helix differed. Structure-based mutational analysis identified amino acids involved in the helical assembly and viral RNA synthesis. These structures advance our understanding of the filovirus nucleocapsid formation and provide a structural basis for the development of antifiloviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfan Hu
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujita-Fujiharu
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugita
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Lisa Wendt
- Laboratory for Integrative Cell and Infection Biology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Yukiko Muramoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Laboratory for Integrative Cell and Infection Biology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Greifswald 17493, Germany
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31
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Liao Z, Yamahara H, Terao K, Ma K, Seki M, Tabata H. Short-term memory capacity analysis of Lu 3Fe 4Co 0.5Si 0.5O 12-based spin cluster glass towards reservoir computing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5260. [PMID: 37002272 PMCID: PMC10066395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reservoir computing is a brain heuristic computing paradigm that can complete training at a high speed. The learning performance of a reservoir computing system relies on its nonlinearity and short-term memory ability. As physical implementation, spintronic reservoir computing has attracted considerable attention because of its low power consumption and small size. However, few studies have focused on developing the short-term memory ability of the material itself in spintronics reservoir computing. Among various magnetic materials, spin glass is known to exhibit slow magnetic relaxation that has the potential to offer the short-term memory capability. In this research, we have quantitatively investigated the short-term memory capability of spin cluster glass based on the prevalent benchmark. The results reveal that the magnetization relaxation of Co, Si-substituted Lu3Fe5O12 with spin glass behavior can provide higher short-term memory capacity than ferrimagnetic material without substitution. Therefore, materials with spin glass behavior can be considered as potential candidates for constructing next-generation spintronic reservoir computing with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamahara
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kenyu Terao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Seki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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32
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Sarker MS, Yao L, Yamahara H, Ma K, Liao Z, Terao K, Tang S, Ramaraj SG, Seki M, Tabata H. Reconfigurable magnon interference by on-chip dynamic wavelength conversion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4872. [PMID: 36964147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin waves (SWs), an ultra-low power magnetic excitation in ferro or antiferromagnetic media, have tremendous potential as transport less data carriers for post-CMOS technology using their wave interference properties. The concept of magnon interference originates from optical interference, resulting in a historical taboo of maintaining an identical wavevector for magnon interference-based devices. This makes the attainment of on-chip design reconfigurability challenging owing to the difficulty in phase tuning via external fields. Breaking the taboo, this study explores a novel technique to systematically control magnon interference using asymmetric wavevectors from two different SW modes (magnetostatic surface SWs and backward volume magnetostatic SWs) in a microstructured yttrium iron garnet crossbar. Using this system, we demonstrate phase reconfigurability in the interference pattern by modulating the thermal landscape, modifying the dispersion of the interfering SW modes. Thus, we manifest that such a tunable interference can be used to implement reconfigurable logic gates operating between the XNOR and XOR modes by using symmetric and asymmetric interference, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Sarker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
| | - Lihao Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamahara
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Institute of AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kaijie Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Zhiqiang Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenyu Terao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Siyi Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sankar Ganesh Ramaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Munetoshi Seki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabata
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Institute of AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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Komori T, Hata S, Mabuchi A, Genova M, Harada T, Fukuyama M, Chinen T, Kitagawa D. A CRISPR-del-based pipeline for complete gene knockout in human diploid cells. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286993. [PMID: 36762651 PMCID: PMC10038147 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The advance of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has enabled us easily to generate gene knockout cell lines by introducing insertion-deletion mutations (indels) at the target site via the error-prone non-homologous end joining repair system. Frameshift-promoting indels can disrupt gene functions by generation of a premature stop codon. However, there is growing evidence that targeted genes are not always knocked out by the indel-based gene disruption. Here, we established a pipeline of CRISPR-del, which induces a large chromosomal deletion by cutting two different target sites, to perform 'complete' gene knockout efficiently in human diploid cells. Quantitative analyses show that the frequency of gene deletion with this approach is much higher than that of conventional CRISPR-del methods. The lengths of the deleted genomic regions demonstrated in this study are longer than those of 95% of the human protein-coding genes. Furthermore, the pipeline enabled the generation of a model cell line having a bi-allelic cancer-associated chromosomal deletion. Overall, these data lead us to propose that the CRISPR-del pipeline is an efficient and practical approach for producing 'complete' gene knockout cell lines in human diploid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Komori
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Hata
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho Kawaguchi, 102-8666 Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Mabuchi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariya Genova
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomoki Harada
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Fukuyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Chinen
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiju Kitagawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
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Asaoka R, Murata H, Fujino Y, Aoki S, Hirasawa K, Shoji N. Comparing the structure-function relationship between the visual fields measured with variational Bayes linear regression and SITA standard. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282638. [PMID: 36877701 PMCID: PMC9987807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently constructed an algorithm to measure visual field (VF) using the variational Bayes linear regression (VBLR). This algorithm enabled a faster VF measurement than the Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm (SITA) standard while maintaining the test-retest reproducibility (Murata H, et al. Br J Ophthalmol 2021). The current study aimed to compare the structure-function relationship between the SITA standard and VBLR. METHOD In 78 eyes of 56 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, VF measurements were conducted using both SITA standard and VBLR VF, as well as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The structure-function relationship was investigated between visual sensitivity and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in the whole VF. This analysis was repeated for each of the 12 sectors (30 degrees). The strength of the structure-function relationship was evaluated using the second-order bias-corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) index. RESULT In the whole VF, AICc values of SITA standard and VBLR were 601.6 and 597.3, respectively. The relative likelihood that VBLR had a better structure-function relationship than the SITA standard was 88.2% (when the entire field was averaged) or 99.9% (when all test points were analyzed in the pointwise manner). With the sector-wise analysis, SITA standard had a better structure-function relationship than VBLR in 1 sector (Superior sector in the retina), whereas VBLR had a better structure-function relationship than SITA standard in 4 sectors (Supero-Nasal, Infero-Nasal, Inferior, and Infero-Temporal sectors) with >95% relative likelihood. CONCLUSION Although it depends on locations and similar between SITA standard and VBLR-VF, but VBLR-VF had a better structure-function relationship than the SITA standard overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Center for Global health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujino
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Aoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hirasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shoji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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35
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Zhang Y, de Souza RS, Chen YC. sconce: a cosmic web finder for spherical and conic geometries. Mon Not R Astron Soc 2022; 517:1197-1217. [PMID: 36246727 PMCID: PMC9553091 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The latticework structure known as the cosmic web provides a valuable insight into the assembly history of large-scale structures. Despite the variety of methods to identify the cosmic web structures, they mostly rely on the assumption that galaxies are embedded in a Euclidean geometric space. Here, we present a novel cosmic web identifier called sconce (Spherical and CONic Cosmic wEb finder) that inherently considers the 2D (RA, DEC) spherical or the 3D (RA, DEC, z) conic geometry. The proposed algorithms in sconce generalize the well-known subspace constrained mean shift (scms) method and primarily address the predominant filament detection problem. They are intrinsic to the spherical/conic geometry and invariant to data rotations. We further test the efficacy of our method with an artificial cross-shaped filament example and apply it to the SDSS galaxy catalogue, revealing that the 2D spherical version of our algorithms is robust even in regions of high declination. Finally, using N-body simulations from Illustris, we show that the 3D conic version of our algorithms is more robust in detecting filaments than the standard scms method under the redshift distortions caused by the peculiar velocities of haloes. Our cosmic web finder is packaged in python as sconce-scms and has been made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rafael S de Souza
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yen-Chi Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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36
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Barra L, Awakawa T, Abe I. Noncanonical Functions of Enzyme Cofactors as Building Blocks in Natural Product Biosynthesis. JACS Au 2022; 2:1950-1963. [PMID: 36186570 PMCID: PMC9516700 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways have typically evolutionarily diverged from their counterparts functioning in primary metabolism. They often catalyze diverse and complex chemical transformations and are thus a treasure trove for the discovery of unique enzyme-mediated chemistries. Besides major natural product classes, such as terpenoids, polyketides, and ribosomally or nonribosomally synthesized peptides, biosynthetic investigations of noncanonical natural product biosynthetic pathways often reveal functionally distinct enzyme chemistries. In this Perspective, we aim to highlight challenges and opportunities of biosynthetic investigations on noncanonical natural product pathways that utilize primary metabolites as building blocks, otherwise generally considered as enzyme cofactors. A focus is made on the discovered chemical and enzymological novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barra
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative
Research Institute of Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative
Research Institute of Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Zhu Y, Nakatani H, Yassin W, Maikusa N, Okada N, Kunimatsu A, Abe O, Kuwabara H, Yamasue H, Kasai K, Okanoya K, Koike S. Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Structural Brain Images in Chronic Schizophrenia to Earlier Clinical Stages of Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multiprotocol Imaging Dataset Study. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:563-574. [PMID: 35352811 PMCID: PMC9077435 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Machine learning approaches using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be informative for disease classification; however, their applicability to earlier clinical stages of psychosis and other disease spectra is unknown. We evaluated whether a model differentiating patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ) from healthy controls (HCs) could be applied to earlier clinical stages such as first-episode psychosis (FEP), ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). STUDY DESIGN Total 359 T1-weighted MRI scans, including 154 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum (UHR, n = 37; FEP, n = 24; and ChSZ, n = 93), 64 with ASD, and 141 HCs, were obtained using three acquisition protocols. Of these, data regarding ChSZ (n = 75) and HC (n = 101) from two protocols were used to build a classifier (training dataset). The remainder was used to evaluate the classifier (test, independent confirmatory, and independent group datasets). Scanner and protocol effects were diminished using ComBat. STUDY RESULTS The accuracy of the classifier for the test and independent confirmatory datasets were 75% and 76%, respectively. The bilateral pallidum and inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis strongly contributed to classifying ChSZ. Schizophrenia spectrum individuals were more likely to be classified as ChSZ compared to ASD (classification rate to ChSZ: UHR, 41%; FEP, 54%; ChSZ, 70%; ASD, 19%; HC, 21%). CONCLUSION We built a classifier from multiple protocol structural brain images applicable to independent samples from different clinical stages and spectra. The predictive information of the classifier could be useful for applying neuroimaging techniques to clinical differential diagnosis and predicting disease onset earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Zhu
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Department of Information Media Technology, School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, 2-3-23, Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8619, Japan
| | - Walid Yassin
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akira Kunimatsu
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Radiology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; tel: +81-3-5454-4327, fax: +81-3-5454-4327, e-mail:
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Mazzino A, Rosti ME. Puff turbulence in the limit of strong buoyancy. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210093. [PMID: 35094562 PMCID: PMC8802035 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We provide a numerical validation of a recently proposed phenomenological theory to characterize the space-time statistical properties of a turbulent puff, both in terms of bulk properties, such as the mean velocity, temperature and size, and scaling laws for velocity and temperature differences both in the viscous and in the inertial range of scales. In particular, apart from the more classical shear-dominated puff turbulence, our main focus is on the recently discovered new regime where turbulent fluctuations are dominated by buoyancy. The theory is based on an adiabaticity hypothesis which assumes that small-scale turbulent fluctuations rapidly relax to the slower large-scale dynamics, leading to a generalization of the classical Kolmogorov and Kolmogorov-Obukhov-Corrsin theories for a turbulent puff hosting a scalar field. We validate our theory by means of massive direct numerical simulations finding excellent agreement. This article is part of the theme issue 'Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mazzino
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genova, Via Montallegro 1, Genova, Italy
- INFN, Genova Section, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Edoardo Rosti
- Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Asamizuya T, Saito H, Higuchi R, Naruse G, Ota S, Kato J. Effective Connectivity and Criminal Sentencing Decisions: Dynamic Causal Models in Laypersons and Legal Experts. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4304-4316. [PMID: 35040933 PMCID: PMC9528897 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This magnetic resonance imaging study is designed to obtain relevant implications for criminal justice and explores the effective connectivity underlying expertise. Laypersons and experts considered sentences for remorseful and remorseless defendants, respectively, with and without mitigation, in hypothetical murder cases. Two groups revealed no differential activation. However, dynamic causal modeling analysis found distinct patterns of connectivity associated with subjects’ expertise and mitigating factors. In sentencing for remorseful defendants, laypersons showed increased strength in all bidirectional connections among activated regions of Brodmann area (BA) 32, BA23, the right posterior insula, and the precuneus. In contrast, legal experts sentenced based on mitigation reasoning, showed increased strength only in the bidirectional connection between the insula and the precuneus. When sentencing for remorseless ones without mitigation, both laypersons and experts increased the connection strength, but with reverse directionality, between regions; legal experts strengthened connectivity from BA10 to other regions, that is, the right anterior insula and BA23, but the directionality was reversed in laypersons. In addition, the strength of connection to BA32 and BA10 was correlated with changes in punishments by mitigating factors. This is a crucial result that establishes the validity of the connectivity estimates, which were uninformed by the independent (behavioral) differences in the severity of punishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Asamizuya
- Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Saito
- Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan
- Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Higuchi
- Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan
| | - Go Naruse
- Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan
| | - Shozo Ota
- Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan
- School of Law, Meiji University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Junko Kato
- Address correspondence to Junko Kato, Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0035, Japan.
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Uraki R, Imai M, Ito M, Shime H, Odanaka M, Okuda M, Kawaoka Y, Yamazaki S. Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells control dendritic cells in inducing antigen-specific immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 antigens. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010085. [PMID: 34882757 PMCID: PMC8659413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which constitute about 5-10% of CD4+T cells expressing Foxp3 transcription factor and CD25(IL-2 receptor α chain), are key regulators in controlling immunological self-tolerance and various immune responses. However, how Treg cells control antigen-specific immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of transient breakdown of the immunological tolerance induced by Treg-cell depletion on adaptive immune responses against administered SARS-CoV-2 antigen, spike protein 1 (S1). Notably, without the use of adjuvants, transient Treg-cell depletion in mice induced anti-S1 antibodies that neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2, follicular helper T cell formation and S1-binding germinal center B cell responses, but prevented the onset of developing autoimmune diseases. To further clarify the mechanisms, we investigated maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), which is essential to initiate antigen-specific immunity. We found that the transient Treg-cell depletion resulted in maturation of both migratory and resident DCs in draining lymph nodes that captured S1-antigen. Moreover, we observed S1-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells with interferon-γ production. Thus, captured S1 was successfully presented by DCs, including cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells. These data indicate that transient Treg-cell depletion in the absence of adjuvants induces maturation of antigen-presenting DCs and succeeds in generating antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Finally, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immune responses induced by transient Treg-cell depletion in the absence of adjuvants were compatible with those induced with an effective adjuvant, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidyl acid (poly IC) and that the combination of transient Treg-cell depletion with poly IC induced potent responses. These findings highlight the capacity for manipulating Treg cells to induce protective adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 with activating antigen-presenting DCs, which may improve the efficacy of ongoing vaccine therapies and help enhance responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Uraki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuyu Odanaka
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Moe Okuda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yamazaki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Enomoto Y, Yonezu K, Mitsuhashi Y, Takase K, Takeda S. Programmable and sequential Gaussian gates in a loop-based single-mode photonic quantum processor. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj6624. [PMID: 34767450 PMCID: PMC8589304 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A quantum processor to import, process, and export optical quantum states is a common core technology enabling various photonic quantum information processing. However, there has been no photonic processor that is simultaneously universal, scalable, and programmable. Here, we report on an original loop-based single-mode versatile photonic quantum processor that is designed to be universal, scalable, and programmable. Our processor can perform arbitrarily many steps of programmable quantum operations on a given single-mode optical quantum state by time-domain processing in a dynamically controlled loop-based optical circuit. We use this processor to demonstrate programmable single-mode Gaussian gates and multistep squeezing gates. In addition, we prove that the processor can perform universal quantum operations by injecting appropriate ancillary states and also be straightforwardly extended to a multimode processor. These results show that our processor is programmable, scalable, and potentially universal, leading to be suitable for general-purpose applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Enomoto
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yonezu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mitsuhashi
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kan Takase
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Takeda
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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42
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Otsuka Y, Tsukaya H. Three-dimensional quantification of twisting in the Arabidopsis petiole. J Plant Res 2021; 134:811-819. [PMID: 33839995 PMCID: PMC8245369 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have a variety of three-dimensional (3D) structures that change over time. These changes include twisting, which is 3D deformation that cannot happen in two dimensions. Twisting is linked to important adaptive functions of organs, such as adjusting the orientation of leaves and flowers in plants to align with environmental stimuli (e.g. light, gravity). Despite its importance, the underlying mechanism for twisting remains to be determined, partly because there is no rigorous method for quantifying the twisting of plant organs. Conventional studies have relied on approximate measurements of the twisting angle in 2D, with arbitrary choices of observation angle. Here, we present the first rigorous quantification of the 3D twisting angles of Arabidopsis petioles based on light sheet microscopy. Mathematical separation of bending and twisting with strict definition of petiole cross-sections were implemented; differences in the spatial distribution of bending and twisting were detected via the quantification of angles along the petiole. Based on the measured values, we discuss that minute degrees of differential growth can result in pronounced twisting in petioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Park C, Sakurai Y, Sato H, Kanda S, Iino Y, Kunitomo H. Roles of the ClC chloride channel CLH-1 in food-associated salt chemotaxis behavior of C. elegans. eLife 2021; 10:e55701. [PMID: 33492228 PMCID: PMC7834019 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of animals to process dynamic sensory information facilitates foraging in an ever-changing environment. However, molecular and neural mechanisms underlying such ability remain elusive. The ClC anion channels/transporters play a pivotal role in cellular ion homeostasis across all phyla. Here, we find a ClC chloride channel is involved in salt concentration chemotaxis of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetic screening identified two altered-function mutations of clh-1 that disrupt experience-dependent salt chemotaxis. Using genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, we demonstrate that CLH-1 contributes to regulation of intracellular anion and calcium dynamics of salt-sensing neuron, ASER. The mutant CLH-1 reduced responsiveness of ASER to salt stimuli in terms of both temporal resolution and intensity, which disrupted navigation strategies for approaching preferred salt concentrations. Furthermore, other ClC genes appeared to act redundantly in salt chemotaxis. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of neuronal responsivity by ClCs that contribute to modulation of navigation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Sakurai
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of TokyoChibaJapan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Kunitomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Oku M, Ishino R, Uchida S, Imataki O, Sugimoto N, Todo T, Kadowaki N. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in combination with lenalidomide for plasma cell neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2021; 192:343-353. [PMID: 33216988 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses exert an anti-tumour effect through two mechanisms: direct oncolytic and indirect immune-mediated mechanisms. Although oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been approved for melanoma treatment and is being examined for its applicability to a broad spectrum of malignancies, it is not known whether it has an anti-myeloma effect. In the present study, we show that the third-generation oncolytic HSV-1, T-01, had a direct oncolytic effect on five of six human myeloma cell lines in vitro. The anti-tumour effect was enhanced in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and, to a lesser extent, from patients with myeloma. The enhancing effect of PBMCs was abrogated by blocking type I interferons (IFNs) or by depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) or natural killer (NK) cells, suggesting that pDC-derived type I IFNs and NK cells dominated the anti-tumour effect. Furthermore, the combination of T-01 and lenalidomide exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity, and the triple combination of T-01, lenalidomide and IFN-α had a maximal effect. These data indicate that oncolytic HSV-1 represents a viable therapy for plasma cell neoplasms through direct oncolysis and immune activation governed by pDCs and NK cells. Lenalidomide is likely to augment the anti-myeloma effect of HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Oku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shumpei Uchida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Imataki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Tokoro H, Fukui J, Watanabe K, Yoshikiyo M, Namai A, Ohkoshi SI. Crystal growth control of rod-shaped ε-Fe 2O 3 nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39611-39616. [PMID: 35515366 PMCID: PMC9057426 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report crystal growth control of rod-shaped ε-Fe2O3 nanocrystals by developing a synthesis based on the sol-gel technique using β-FeO(OH) as a seed in the presence of a barium cation. ε-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are obtained over a wide calcination temperature range between 800 °C and 1000 °C. A low calcination temperature (800 °C) provides an almost cubic rectangular-shaped ε-Fe2O3 nanocrystal with an aspect ratio of 1.4, whereas a high calcination temperature (1000 °C) provides an elongated rod-shaped ε-Fe2O3 nanocrystal with an aspect ratio of 3.3. Such systematic anisotropic growth of ε-Fe2O3 is achieved due to the wide calcination temperature in the presence of barium cations. The surface energy and the anisotropic adsorption of barium on the surface of ε-Fe2O3 can explain the anisotropic crystal growth of rod-shaped ε-Fe2O3 along the crystallographic a-axis. The present work may provide important knowledge about how to control the anisotropic crystal shape of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tokoro
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Junpei Fukui
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Koki Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Marie Yoshikiyo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Asuka Namai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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Coleman D, Kawamura A, Ikeuchi M, Favero DS, Lambolez A, Rymen B, Iwase A, Suzuki T, Sugimoto K. The SUMO E3 Ligase SIZ1 Negatively Regulates Shoot Regeneration. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:330-344. [PMID: 32611787 PMCID: PMC7479894 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants form calluses and regenerate new organs when incubated on phytohormone-containing media. While accumulating evidence suggests that these regenerative processes are governed by transcriptional networks orchestrating wound response and developmental transitions, it remains unknown if posttranslational regulatory mechanisms are involved in this process. In this study, we demonstrate that SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAIN- CONTAINING LIGASE1 (SIZ1), an E3 ligase-catalyzing attachment of the SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to proteins, regulates wound-induced signal transduction and organ regeneration in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that loss-of-function mutants for SIZ1 exhibit overproduction of shoot meristems under in vitro tissue culture conditions, while this defect is rescued in a complementation line expressing pSIZ1::SIZ1 RNA sequencing analysis revealed that siz1-2 mutants exhibit enhanced transcriptional responses to wound stress, resulting in the hyper-induction of over 400 genes immediately after wounding. Among them, we show that elevated levels of WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION1 (WIND1) and WIND2 contribute to the enhanced shoot regeneration observed in siz1 mutants, as expression of the dominant-negative chimeric protein WIND1-SRDX (SUPERMAN repression domain) in siz1-3 mutants partly rescues this phenotype. Although compromised SIZ1 function does not modify the transcription of genes implicated in auxin-induced callus formation and/or pluripotency acquisition, it does lead to enhanced induction of cytokinin-induced shoot meristem regulators such as WUSCHEL, promoting the formation of WUSCHEL-expressing foci in explants. This study thus suggests that SIZ1 negatively regulates shoot regeneration in part by repressing wound-induced developmental reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Coleman
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Momoko Ikeuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - David S Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alice Lambolez
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Bart Rymen
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, 67084 Strasboug cedex, France
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Lan H, Suzuki H, Nagatake T, Hosomi K, Ikegami K, Setou M, Kunisawa J. Impaired mucociliary motility enhances antigen-specific nasal IgA immune responses to a cholera toxin-based nasal vaccine. Int Immunol 2020; 32:559-568. [PMID: 32347929 PMCID: PMC9262165 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal mucosal tissues are equipped with physical barriers, mucus and cilia, on their surface. The mucus layer captures inhaled materials, and the cilia remove the inhaled materials from the epithelial layer by asymmetrical beating. The effect of nasal physical barriers on the vaccine efficacy remains to be investigated. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 1 (Ttll1) is an essential enzyme for appropriate movement of the cilia on respiratory epithelium, and its deficiency (Ttll1-KO) leads to mucus accumulation in the nasal cavity. Here, when mice were intra-nasally immunized with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA, as vaccine antigen) together with cholera toxin (CT, as mucosal adjuvant), Ttll1-KO mice showed higher levels of PspA-specific IgA in the nasal wash and increased numbers of PspA-specific IgA-producing plasma cells in the nasal passages when compared with Ttll1 hetero (He) mice. Mucus removal by N-acetylcysteine did not affect the enhanced immune responses in Ttll1-KO mice versus Ttll1-He mice. Immunohistological and flow cytometry analyses revealed that retention time of PspA in the nasal cavity in Ttll1-KO mice was longer than that in Ttll1-He mice. Consistently, uptake of PspA by dendritic cells was higher in the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of Ttll1-KO mice than that of Ttll1-He mice. These results indicate that the ciliary function of removing vaccine antigen from the NALT epithelial layer is a critical determinant of the efficacy of nasal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Toyoshima Y, Wu S, Kanamori M, Sato H, Jang MS, Oe S, Murakami Y, Teramoto T, Park C, Iwasaki Y, Ishihara T, Yoshida R, Iino Y. Neuron ID dataset facilitates neuronal annotation for whole-brain activity imaging of C. elegans. BMC Biol 2020; 18:30. [PMID: 32188430 PMCID: PMC7081613 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annotation of cell identity is an essential process in neuroscience that allows comparison of cells, including that of neural activities across different animals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, although unique identities have been assigned to all neurons, the number of annotatable neurons in an intact animal has been limited due to the lack of quantitative information on the location and identity of neurons. RESULTS Here, we present a dataset that facilitates the annotation of neuronal identities, and demonstrate its application in a comprehensive analysis of whole-brain imaging. We systematically identified neurons in the head region of 311 adult worms using 35 cell-specific promoters and created a dataset of the expression patterns and the positions of the neurons. We found large positional variations that illustrated the difficulty of the annotation task. We investigated multiple combinations of cell-specific promoters driving distinct fluorescence and generated optimal strains for the annotation of most head neurons in an animal. We also developed an automatic annotation method with human interaction functionality that facilitates annotations needed for whole-brain imaging. CONCLUSION Our neuron ID dataset and optimal fluorescent strains enable the annotation of most neurons in the head region of adult C. elegans, both in full-automated fashion and a semi-automated version that includes human interaction functionalities. Our method can potentially be applied to model species used in research other than C. elegans, where the number of available cell-type-specific promoters and their variety will be an important consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Toyoshima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen Wu
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Manami Kanamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moon Sun Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzu Oe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Murakami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Teramoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chanhyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuishi Iwasaki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshida
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan.
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sakuma H, Kawai K, Katayama I, Suehara S. What is the origin of macroscopic friction? Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaav2268. [PMID: 30588496 PMCID: PMC6303119 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
What is the origin of molecular friction, and how can macroscopic friction be explained in terms of molecular friction? To elucidate the origins of molecular and macroscopic friction, we conducted density functional theory calculations and double-direct shear tests at normal stresses ranging from 5 to 60 MPa for mica surfaces. Frictional forces between mica surfaces were theoretically predicted to oscillate periodically every 30° of sliding direction, in agreement with previous experimental findings. This result affirms that the potential energy roughness of mica under sliding is the origin of molecular friction, which depends on the normal stress and sliding direction. The discovered mechanism of molecular friction can quantitatively explain experimentally observed macroscopic friction of mica when the presence of wear particles is taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Sakuma
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - K. Kawai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I. Katayama
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S. Suehara
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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50
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Pinto S, Waki K, Chiovato L, De Cata P, Dagliati A, Tibollo V, Ruvolo G, Bellazzi R. Smartphone-Based Self-Management of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: A Japanese System at Use by an Italian Patients' Cohort. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2018; 12:903-904. [PMID: 29633857 PMCID: PMC6134297 DOI: 10.1177/1932296818763884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pinto
- Postgraduate School of Endocrinology and
Metabolism, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Maugeri Clinical & Scientific Institutes,
Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Sara Pinto, MD, Postgraduate School of Endocrinology
and Metabolism, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Kayo Waki
- Department of Ubiquitous Health Informatics,
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Maugeri Clinical & Scientific Institutes,
Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical
Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Cata
- Maugeri Clinical & Scientific Institutes,
Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Tibollo
- Maugeri Clinical & Scientific Institutes,
Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruvolo
- Department of Electrical, Computer and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- Maugeri Clinical & Scientific Institutes,
Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Computer and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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