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Inubushi T, Nag P, Sasaki JI, Shiraishi Y, Yamashiro T. The significant role of glycosaminoglycans in tooth development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae024. [PMID: 38438145 PMCID: PMC11031142 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), integral components of proteoglycans, in tooth development. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein linked to GAG chains, comprised of repeating disaccharide units. GAGs are classified into several types, such as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Functioning as critical macromolecular components within the dental basement membrane, these GAGs facilitate cell adhesion and aggregation, and play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby significantly influencing tooth morphogenesis. Notably, our recent research has identified the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme Transmembrane protein 2 (Tmem2) and we have conducted functional analyses using mouse models. These studies have unveiled the essential role of Tmem2-mediated hyaluronan degradation and its involvement in hyaluronan-mediated cell adhesion during tooth formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of GAG functions in tooth development, integrating insights from recent research, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Priyanka Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Sugiura S, Ariizumi R, Asai T, Azuma SI. Existence of reservoir with finite-dimensional output for universal reservoir computing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8448. [PMID: 38600157 PMCID: PMC11006892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we prove the existence of a reservoir that has a finite-dimensional output and makes the reservoir computing model universal. Reservoir computing is a method for dynamical system approximation that trains the static part of a model but fixes the dynamical part called the reservoir. Hence, reservoir computing has the advantage of training models with a low computational cost. Moreover, fixed reservoirs can be implemented as physical systems. Such reservoirs have attracted attention in terms of computation speed and energy consumption. The universality of a reservoir computing model is its ability to approximate an arbitrary system with arbitrary accuracy. Two sufficient reservoir conditions to make the model universal have been proposed. The first is the combination of fading memory and the separation property. The second is the neighborhood separation property, which we proposed recently. To date, it has been unknown whether a reservoir with a finite-dimensional output can satisfy these conditions. In this study, we prove that no reservoir with a finite-dimensional output satisfies the former condition. By contrast, we propose a single output reservoir that satisfies the latter condition. This implies that, for any dimension, a reservoir making the model universal exists with the output of that specified dimension. These results clarify the practical importance of our proposed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Sugiura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryo Ariizumi
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Toru Asai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Azuma
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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3
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Sakurai K. Rethinking c-Fos for understanding drug action in the brain. J Biochem 2024; 175:377-381. [PMID: 38153290 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of drug action in the brain, from the genetic to the neural circuit level, is crucial for the development of new agents that act upon the central nervous system. Determining the brain regions and neurons affected by a drug is essential for revealing its mechanism of action in the brain. c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, has been widely used to detect neurons activated by stimuli with high spatial resolution. In this review, the use of c-Fos for the visualization and manipulation of activated neurons is introduced. I also explain that a higher temporal resolution can be achieved by changing the staining method for visualization of c-Fos. Moreover, a new method that allows labeling and manipulating commonly activated neurons using two different stimuli is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyasu Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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4
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Shoriki K, Moriishi K, Okamura Y, Yokoi K, Usui H, Murakawa H, Sakai H, Hanasaki N, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Large nonlinear optical magnetoelectric response in a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316910121. [PMID: 38483985 PMCID: PMC10962943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316910121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Weyl semimetals resulting from either inversion (P) or time-reversal (T) symmetry breaking have been revealed to show the record-breaking large optical response due to intense Berry curvature of Weyl-node pairs. Different classes of Weyl semimetals with both P and T symmetry breaking potentially exhibit optical magnetoelectric (ME) responses, which are essentially distinct from the previously observed optical responses in conventional Weyl semimetals, leading to the versatile functions such as directional dependence for light propagation and gyrotropic effects. However, such optical ME phenomena of (semi)metallic systems have remained elusive so far. Here, we show the large nonlinear optical ME response in noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal PrAlGe, in which the polar structural asymmetry and ferromagnetic ordering break P and T symmetry. We observe the giant second harmonic generation (SHG) arising from the P symmetry breaking in the paramagnetic phase, being comparable to the largest SHG response reported in Weyl semimetal TaAs. In the ferromagnetically ordered phase, it is found that interference between this nonmagnetic SHG and the magnetically induced SHG emerging due to both P and T symmetry breaking results in the magnetic field switching of SHG intensity. Furthermore, such an interference effect critically depends on the light-propagating direction. The corresponding magnetically induced nonlinear susceptibility is significantly larger than the prototypical ME material, manifesting the existence of the strong nonlinear dynamical ME coupling. The present findings establish the unique optical functionality of P- and T-symmetry broken ME topological semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shoriki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Keigo Moriishi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okamura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo171-8588, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Usui
- Department of Applied Physics Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakai
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hanasaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Youtarou Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
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Yamazaki K, Tsuji A, Takizawa M, Murata J. Ultrafast Solid-State Electrochemical Imprinting Utilizing Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Stamps for Static/Dynamic Structural Coloration and Letter Encryption. Small Methods 2024:e2301787. [PMID: 38426651 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Micro and nanopatterned surfaces hold potential for various applications, such as wettability control, antibiofouling, and optical components. However, conventional patterning processes are characterized by complexity, high costs, and environmental burdens because of the use of resists. Therefore, this paper proposes facile and ultrafast electrochemical imprinting employing a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) stamp for achieving micro and nanoscale patterning on Si surfaces. The solid-state electrochemical process efficiently generates oxide and hydrated oxide (Si-OH) patterns within several seconds at room temperature in a dry ambient environment. The formed oxide pattern can be employed as an etching mask to prepare diffraction gratings with diverse high-resolution (≈100 nm) patterns utilizing the dry PEM stamp. The resulting oxide pattern on the Si surface exhibits instantaneous structural coloration upon exposure to humid air, attributable to the formation of a water microdroplet array on the oxide pattern. The oxide pattern is successfully applied for dynamic diffraction grating and letter encryption. The proposed solid-state electrochemical oxidation scheme based on a PEM stamp, which eliminates the need for liquid electrolyte and resist, represents a simple and ultrafast process with a time cost of a few seconds, characterized by low processing costs and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Yamazaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Atsuki Tsuji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masaru Takizawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Junji Murata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Yang J, Ren R, Yu Y, Wang W, Tang X, Ejima Y, Wu J. Event-related potential evidence for tactile orientation processing in the human brain. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06783-1. [PMID: 38400993 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that information on stimulus orientation plays an important role in sensory processing. However, the neural mechanisms underlying somatosensory orientation perception are poorly understood. Adaptation has been widely used as a tool for examining sensitivity to specific features of sensory stimuli. Using the adaptation paradigm, we measured event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to tactile orientation stimuli presented pseudo-randomly to the right-hand palm in trials with all the same or different orientations. Twenty participants were asked to count the tactile orientation stimuli. The results showed that the adaptation-related N60 component was observed around contralateral central-parietal areas, possibly indicating orientation processing in the somatosensory regions. Conversely, the adaptation-related N120 component was identified bilaterally across hemispheres, suggesting the involvement of the frontoparietal circuitry in further tactile orientation processing. P300 component was found across the whole brain in all conditions and was associated with task demands, such as attention and stimulus counting. These findings help provide an understanding of the mechanisms of tactile orientation processing in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems,, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Rongxia Ren
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems,, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems,, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Wu Wang
- Multisensory Laboratory, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center of Children and Adolescents Healthy Personality Assessment and Cultivation, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Yoshimichi Ejima
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems,, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems,, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Tsurusawa H, Uzuhashi J, Kozuka Y, Kimoto K, Ohkubo T. Robust Preparation of Sub-20-nm-Thin Lamellae for Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy. Small Methods 2024:e2301425. [PMID: 38389181 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been advancing resolution, sensitivity, and microanalysis due to the intense demands of atomic-level microstructural investigations. Recent STEM technologies require preparing a thin lamella whose thickness is ideally below 20 nm. Although focused-ion-beam/scanning-electron-microscopy (FIB/SEM) is an established method to prepare a high-quality lamella, nanometer-level controllability of lamella thickness remains a fundamental problem. Here, the robust preparation of a sub-20-nm-thin lamella is demonstrated by FIB/SEM with real-time feedback from thickness quantification. The lamella thickness is quantified by back-scattered-electron SEM imaging in a thickness range between 0 and 100 nm without any reference to numerical simulation. Using real-time feedback from the thickness quantification, the FIB/SEM terminates thinning a lamella at a targeted thickness. The real-time feedback system eventually provides 1-nm-level controllability of the lamella thickness. As a proof-of-concept, a near-10-nm-thin lamella is prepared from a SrTiO3 crystal by our methodology. Moreover, the lamella thickness is controllable at a target heterointerface. Thus, a sub-20-nm-thin lamella is prepared from a LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 heterointerface. The methodology offers a robust and operator-independent platform to prepare a sub-20-nm-thin lamella from various materials. This platform will broadly impact aberration-corrected STEM studies in materials science and the semiconductor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Tsurusawa
- LQUOM Inc., 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Uzuhashi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kozuka
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Koji Kimoto
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Center for Basic Research on Materials, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Ohkubo
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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8
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Hashimoto M, Miki T, Niwa T, Mihara H. Proximity labeling and identification of endogenous client proteins recruited to Y15-based artificial granules tethering a bait protein. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3536. [PMID: 37580979 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein clustering is a ubiquitous event in diverse cellular processes. Self-association of proteins triggers recruitment of downstream proteins to regulate cellular signaling. To investigate the interactions in detail, chemical biology tools to identify proteins recruited to defined assemblies are required. Here, we exploit an identification of proteins recruited in artificial granules (IPRAG) platform that combines intracellular Y15-based supramolecule construction with a proximity labeling method. We validated the IPRAG tool using Nck1 as a target bait protein. We constructed Nck1-tethering granules, labeled the recruited proteins with biotin, and analyzed them by LC-MS/MS. As a result, we successfully identified proteins that directly or indirectly interact with Nck1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hashimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Mihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Takeichi T, Hamada T, Yamamoto M, Ito Y, Kawaguchi A, Kobashi H, Yoshikawa T, Koga H, Ishii N, Nakama T, Muro Y, Ogi T, Akiyama M. Patients with keratinization disorders due to ABCA12 variants showing pityriasis rubra pilaris phenotypes. J Dermatol 2024; 51:101-105. [PMID: 37752865 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ABCA12 are important causative genetic defects for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCI), which include congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), harlequin ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis. In addition, pathogenic variants in ABCA12 are known to cause a localized nevoid form of CIE due to recessive mosaicism. We previously reported siblings who carried an ABCA12 variant but did not show a "congenital" phenotype. They were considered to have pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). Here, we present a further patient with ABCA12 variants whose phenotype was not congenital ichthyosis, in an independent family. Notably, these three patients had geographic unaffected areas. Such areas are not usually found in patients with ARCI who have ABCA12 variants, suggesting mild phenotypes for these patients. Interestingly, the histological features of the ichthyotic lesions in these patients resembled those of PRP. All three patients had homozygous pathogenic missense variants in ABCA12. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of patients with ABCA12 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mayuko Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Kawaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Haruka Kobashi
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Takenori Yoshikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takekuni Nakama
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
- Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Nakamura K, Kuroha Y, Hatakeyama M, Kimura AM, Nakamura Y, Murakami Y, Watanabe M, Igarashi H, Takahashi T, Shimada H. Corticobasal syndrome mimicking Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome with suggested 4-repeat tauopathy by tau PET. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:838. [PMID: 38087192 PMCID: PMC10714444 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neurodegenerative disease diagnosed based on clinical manifestations such as asymmetrical parkinsonism, limb apraxia, and speech and language impairment. The background pathology of CBS is commonly a variety of proteinopathies, but association with cerebrovascular disease has also been reported. Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome (FCMS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by facio-pharyngo-glossal diplegia with automatic-voluntary movement dissociation presenting with bilateral paresis of the facial, lingual, pharyngeal and masticatory muscles. FCMS is commonly attributable to stroke. Transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kD (TDP-43) proteinopathy is also known as the pathological background of FCMS, while the pathological background of the majority of CBS cases consists of diverse tauopathies instead of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In this report, we describe a case mimicking FCMS that was finally diagnosed as CBS with suggested 4-repeat tauopathy. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old female started experiencing difficulty speaking followed by difficulty writing, and especially texting, several years before her visit. Her impairment had been gradually worsening, and she came to our hospital. On neurological examination, she demonstrated the facial apraxia, frontal lobe dysfunction, and upper motor neuron signs. She presented some characteristics suggestive of FCMS. Her symptoms exhibited rapid progression and myoclonus, parkinsonism, and left-side dominant cortical sensory deficit occurred, resulting in the fulfillment of diagnostic criteria for CBS after 9 months. Tau PET imaging displayed notable ligand uptake in the brainstem, subthalamic nuclei, basal ganglia, and bilateral subcortical frontal lobe, suggesting that her pathological background was 4-repeat tauopathy. As a result of her progressive dysphagia, she became unable to eat and passed away after 12 months. CONCLUSION We hereby present an atypical case of CBS showing clinical features mimicking FCMS at first presentation. TDP-43 proteinopathy was suspected based on the clinical symptoms in the early stages of the disease; however, the clinical course and imaging findings including tau PET suggested that her pathological background was 4-repeat tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dohri, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kuroha
- Department of Neurology, NHO Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatakeyama
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dohri, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Michael Kimura
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dohri, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yukimi Nakamura
- Department of Integrated Neuroscience, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Murakami
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dohri, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Watanabe
- Department of Biological Magnetic Resonance, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hironaka Igarashi
- Department of Biological Magnetic Resonance, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, NHO Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Neurology & Neurosurgery, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dohri, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
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Ishita Y, Onodera A, Ekino T, Chihara T, Okumura M. Co-option of an Astacin Metalloprotease Is Associated with an Evolutionarily Novel Feeding Morphology in a Predatory Nematode. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad266. [PMID: 38105444 PMCID: PMC10753534 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals consume a wide variety of food sources to adapt to different environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the acquisition of evolutionarily novel feeding morphology remain largely unknown. While the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on bacteria, the satellite species Pristionchus pacificus exhibits predatory feeding behavior toward other nematodes, which is an evolutionarily novel feeding habit. Here, we found that the astacin metalloprotease Ppa-NAS-6 is required for the predatory killing by P. pacificus. Ppa-nas-6 mutants were defective in predation-associated characteristics, specifically the tooth morphogenesis and tooth movement during predation. Comparison of expression patterns and rescue experiments of nas-6 in P. pacificus and C. elegans suggested that alteration of the spatial expression patterns of NAS-6 may be vital for acquiring predation-related traits. Reporter analysis of the Ppa-nas-6 promoter in C. elegans revealed that the alteration in expression patterns was caused by evolutionary changes in cis- and trans-regulatory elements. This study suggests that the co-option of a metalloprotease is involved in an evolutionarily novel feeding morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ishita
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ageha Onodera
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ekino
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misako Okumura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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12
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Okita Y, Kitamura T, Komukai S, Zha L, Komatsu M, Narii N, Murata F, Megumi M, Gon Y, Kimura Y, Kiyohara K, Sobue T, Fukuda H. Association of anticholinergic drug exposure with the risk of dementia among older adults in Japan: The LIFE Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6029. [PMID: 38041399 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have investigated that anticholinergic drugs cause cognitive impairment. However, the risk of dementia associated with anticholinergics has not been extensively investigated in the super-aging society of Japan. We conducted this study to assess the association between anticholinergic drugs and the risk of dementia in older adults in Japan. METHODS This nested case-control study used data from the Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence Study, which includes claim data in Japan from 2014 to 2020. We included 66,478 cases of diagnosed dementia and 328,919 matched controls aged ≥65 years, matched by age, sex, municipality, and cohort entry year. Primary exposure was the total cumulative anticholinergic drugs prescribed from cohort entry date to event date or matched index date, which was the total standardized daily doses for each patient, calculated by adding the total dose of different types of anticholinergic drugs in each prescription, divided by the World Health Organization-defined daily dose values. Odds ratios for dementia associated with cumulative exposure to anticholinergic drugs were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) age at index date was 84.3 (6.9), and the percentage of women was 62.1%. From cohort entry date to event date or matched index date, 18.8% of the case patients and 13.7% of the controls were prescribed at least one anticholinergic drug. In the multivariable-adjusted model, individuals with anticholinergic drugs prescribed had significantly higher odds of being diagnosed with dementia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.50 [95% confidence interval, 1.47-1.54]). Among specific types of anticholinergic drugs, a significant increase in risk was observed with the use of antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, antipsychotics, and bladder antimuscarinics in a fully multivariable-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Several types of anticholinergic drugs used by older adults in Japan are associated with an increased risk of dementia. These findings suggest that the underlying risks should be considered alongside the benefits of prescribing anticholinergic drugs to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okita
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Komukai
- Biomedical Statistics, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ling Zha
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayo Komatsu
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Narii
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Fumiko Murata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maeda Megumi
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Gon
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Sato A. Two Ciona sister species are not just complex, but wonderful: A study of maternal mRNAs to safeguard life on earth. Genesis 2023; 61:e23555. [PMID: 37771262 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sato
- Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- Human Life Innovation Center, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Stüdle C, Nishihara H, Wischnewski S, Kulsvehagen L, Perriot S, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Frank S, Deigendesch N, Du Pasquier R, Schirmer L, Pröbstel AK, Engelhardt B. SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier rather than endothelial cells or pericytes of the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:76. [PMID: 37875964 PMCID: PMC10598911 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection various neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms can appear, which may persist for several months post infection. However, cell type-specific routes of brain infection and underlying mechanisms resulting in neuroglial dysfunction are not well understood. METHODS Here, we investigated the susceptibility of cells constituting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) of the choroid plexus (ChP) to SARS-CoV-2 infection using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cellular models and a ChP papilloma-derived epithelial cell line as well as ChP tissue from COVID-19 patients, respectively. RESULTS We noted a differential infectibility of hiPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) depending on the differentiation method. Extended endothelial culture method (EECM)-BMECs characterized by a complete set of endothelial markers, good barrier properties and a mature immune phenotype were refractory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and did not exhibit an activated phenotype after prolonged SARS-CoV-2 inoculation. In contrast, defined medium method (DMM)-BMECs, characterized by a mixed endothelial and epithelial phenotype and excellent barrier properties were productively infected by SARS-CoV-2 in an ACE2-dependent manner. hiPSC-derived brain pericyte-like cells (BPLCs) lacking ACE2 expression were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the human choroid plexus papilloma-derived epithelial cell line HIBCPP, modeling the BCSFB was productively infected by SARS-CoV-2 preferentially from the basolateral side, facing the blood compartment. Assessment of ChP tissue from COVID-19 patients by RNA in situ hybridization revealed SARS-CoV-2 transcripts in ChP epithelial and ChP stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the BCSFB of the ChP rather than the BBB is susceptible to direct SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, neuropsychiatric symptoms because of COVID-19 may rather be associated with dysfunction of the BCSFB than the BBB. Future studies should consider a role of the ChP in underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Stüdle
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Sven Wischnewski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laila Kulsvehagen
- Departments of Neurology, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Perriot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Frank
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Departments of Neurology, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Noda H, Sakaguchi S, Fujita R, Minami S, Hirakata H, Shimada T. Electronic strengthening mechanism of covalent Si via excess electron/hole doping. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16546. [PMID: 37783753 PMCID: PMC10545711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brittle fracture of a covalent material is ultimately governed by the strength of the electronic bonds. Recently, attempts have been made to alter the mechanical properties including fracture strength by excess electron/hole doping. However, the underlying mechanics/mechanism of how these doped electrons/holes interact with the bond and changes its strength is yet to be revealed. Here, we perform first-principles density-functional theory calculations to clarify the effect of excess electrons/holes on the bonding strength of covalent Si. We demonstrate that the bond strength of Si decreases or increases monotonically in correspondence with the doping concentration. Surprisingly, change to the extent of 30-40% at the maximum feasible doping concentration could be observed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the change in the covalent bond strength is determined by the bonding/antibonding state of the doped excess electrons/holes. In summary, this work explains the electronic strengthening mechanism of covalent Si from a quantum mechanical point of view and provides valuable insights into the electronic-level design of strength in covalent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Noda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Sakaguchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Ryoga Fujita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Susumu Minami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirakata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.
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16
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Liu L, Kawashima M, Sugimoto M, Sonomura K, Pu F, Li W, Takeda M, Goto T, Kawaguchi K, Sato T, Toi M. Discovery of lipid profiles in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4020-4031. [PMID: 37608343 PMCID: PMC10551607 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a major component of extracellular vesicles; however, their significance in tumorigenesis and progression has not been well elucidated. As we previously found that lipid profiles drastically changed in breast tumors upon progression, we hypothesized that lipid profiles of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles could be utilized as breast cancer biomarkers. Here, we adopted modified sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation to isolate plasma-derived extracellular vesicles from breast cancer (n = 105), benign (n = 11), and healthy individuals (n = 43) in two independent cohorts (n = 126 and n = 33) and conducted targeted lipidomic analysis. We established a breast cancer diagnostic model comprising three lipids that showed favorable performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.759, 0.743, and 0.804 in the training, internal validation, and external test sets, respectively. Moreover, we identified several lipids that could effectively discriminate breast cancer progression and subtypes: phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines were relatively higher in Stage III, whereas phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were higher in Stage IV; phosphatidylcholines and ceramides were correspondingly concentrated in HER2-positive patients, while lysophosphatidylcholines and polyunsaturated triglycerides were concentrated in the triple-negative breast cancer subtype. Lipid profiling of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles is a non-invasive and promising approach for diagnosing, staging, and subtyping breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Sonomura
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Life Science Research Center, Technology Research LaboratoryShimadzu CorporationKyotoJapan
| | - Fengling Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Takeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Taka‐Aki Sato
- Life Science Research Center, Technology Research LaboratoryShimadzu CorporationKyotoJapan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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17
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Honda D, Okumura M, Chihara T. Crosstalk between the mTOR and Hippo pathways. Dev Growth Differ 2023; 65:337-347. [PMID: 37209252 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell behavior changes in response to multiple stimuli, such as growth factors, nutrients, and cell density. The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is activated by growth factors and nutrient stimuli to regulate cell growth and autophagy, whereas the Hippo pathway has negative effects on cell proliferation and tissue growth in response to cell density, DNA damage, and hormonal signals. These two signaling pathways must be precisely regulated and integrated for proper cell behavior. This integrative mechanism is not completely understood; nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that components of the mTOR and Hippo pathways interact with each other. Herein, as per contemporary knowledge, we review the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the mTOR and Hippo pathways in mammals and Drosophila. Moreover, we discuss the advantage of this interaction in terms of tissue growth and nutrient consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Honda
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misako Okumura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Ono G, Kobayakawa K, Saiwai H, Tamaru T, Iura H, Haruta Y, Kitade K, Iida K, Kawaguchi K, Matsumoto Y, Tsuda M, Tamura T, Ozato K, Inoue K, Konno DJ, Maeda T, Okada S, Nakashima Y. Macrophages play a leading role in determining the direction of astrocytic migration in spinal cord injury via ADP-P2Y1R axis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11177. [PMID: 37429920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammatory cells such as macrophages infiltrate the injured area, and astrocytes migrate, forming a glial scar around macrophages. The glial scar inhibits axonal regeneration, resulting in significant permanent disability. However, the mechanism through which glial scar-forming astrocytes migrate to the injury site has not been clarified. Here we show that migrating macrophages attract reactive astrocytes toward the center of the lesion after SCI. Chimeric mice with bone marrow lacking IRF8, which controls macrophage centripetal migration after SCI, showed widely scattered macrophages in the injured spinal cord with the formation of a huge glial scar around the macrophages. To determine whether astrocytes or macrophages play a leading role in determining the directions of migration, we generated chimeric mice with reactive astrocyte-specific Socs3-/- mice, which showed enhanced astrocyte migration, and bone marrow from IRF8-/- mice. In this mouse model, macrophages were widely scattered, and a huge glial scar was formed around the macrophages as in wild-type mice that were transplanted with IRF8-/- bone marrow. In addition, we revealed that macrophage-secreted ATP-derived ADP attracts astrocytes via the P2Y1 receptor. Our findings revealed a mechanism through which migrating macrophages attract astrocytes and affect the pathophysiology and outcome after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Ono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazu Kobayakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Saiwai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamaru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Haruta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitade
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Iida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, Section on Molecular Genetics of Immunity, Division of Developmental Biology, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Building 6A, Room 2A01, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kazuhide Inoue
- Kyushu University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Greenpharma Research Center for System Drug Discovery, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dai-Jiro Konno
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, 550-4 Igisu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8508, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Takeichi T, Ito Y, Lee JYW, Murase C, Okuno Y, Muro Y, McGrath JA, Akiyama M. KLK11 ichthyosis: large truncal hyperkeratotic pigmented plaques underscore a distinct autosomal dominant disorder of cornification. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:134-136. [PMID: 37212630 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Gong et al. reported two substitutions, p.(Gly50Glu) and p.(Gly50Arg), located at the last amino acid of the estimated signal peptide in kallikrein11 (KLK11) in three independent ichthyosiform erythroderma or erythrokeratoderma pedigrees (Gong et al., Br J Dermatol, 2023). Here, we present a further case of autosomal dominant congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma caused by the p.(Gly50Glu) substitution in KLK11; the patient had sharply demarcated pigmented hyperkeratotic lesions. Thus, p.(Gly50Glu) in KLK11 might represent a recurrent variant underlying this recently reported autosomal dominant disorder of cornification, and the large hyperkeratotic pigmented plaques seen in all patients may represent a pathognomonic part of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John Y W Lee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chiaki Murase
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Guo A, Yang W, Yang X, Lin J, Li Z, Ren Y, Yang J, Wu J. Audiovisual n-Back Training Alters the Neural Processes of Working Memory and Audiovisual Integration: Evidence of Changes in ERPs. Brain Sci 2023; 13:992. [PMID: 37508924 PMCID: PMC10377064 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigates whether audiovisual n-back training leads to training effects on working memory and transfer effects on perceptual processing. (2) Methods: Before and after training, the participants were tested using the audiovisual n-back task (1-, 2-, or 3-back), to detect training effects, and the audiovisual discrimination task, to detect transfer effects. (3) Results: For the training effect, the behavioral results show that training leads to greater accuracy and faster response times. Stronger training gains in accuracy and response time using 3- and 2-back tasks, compared to 1-back, were observed in the training group. Event-related potentials (ERPs) data revealed an enhancement of P300 in the frontal and central regions across all working memory levels after training. Training also led to the enhancement of N200 in the central region in the 3-back condition. For the transfer effect, greater audiovisual integration in the frontal and central regions during the post-test rather than pre-test was observed at an early stage (80-120 ms) in the training group. (4) Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that audiovisual n-back training enhances neural processes underlying a working memory and demonstrate a positive influence of higher cognitive functions on lower cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Weiping Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Brain and Cognition Research Center (BCRC), Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangfu Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinfei Lin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zimo Li
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yanna Ren
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Management, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Applied Brain Science Lab., Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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21
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Yamada S, Ko T, Ito M, Sassa T, Nomura S, Okuma H, Sato M, Imasaki T, Kikkawa S, Zhang B, Yamada T, Seki Y, Fujita K, Katoh M, Kubota M, Hatsuse S, Katagiri M, Hayashi H, Hamano M, Takeda N, Morita H, Takada S, Toyoda M, Uchiyama M, Ikeuchi M, Toyooka K, Umezawa A, Yamanishi Y, Nitta R, Aburatani H, Komuro I. TEAD1 trapping by the Q353R-Lamin A/C causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade7047. [PMID: 37058558 PMCID: PMC10104473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding Lamin A and C (Lamin A/C), major components of the nuclear lamina, cause laminopathies including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, by leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), protein array, and electron microscopy analysis, we show that insufficient structural maturation of cardiomyocytes owing to trapping of transcription factor TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) by mutant Lamin A/C at the nuclear membrane underlies the pathogenesis of Q353R-LMNA-related DCM. Inhibition of the Hippo pathway rescued the dysregulation of cardiac developmental genes by TEAD1 in LMNA mutant cardiomyocytes. Single-cell RNA-seq of cardiac tissues from patients with DCM with the LMNA mutation confirmed the dysregulated expression of TEAD1 target genes. Our results propose an intervention for transcriptional dysregulation as a potential treatment of LMNA-related DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Sassa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Okuma
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Imasaki
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kikkawa
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuka Seki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hatsuse
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mikako Katagiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromu Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Momoko Hamano
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeuchi
- Division of Biofunctional Restoration, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Nitta
- Division of Structural Medicine and Anatomy, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Hu S, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, Sugita Y, Wendt L, Muramoto Y, Nakano M, Hoenen T, Noda T. Cryoelectron microscopic structure of the nucleoprotein-RNA complex of the European filovirus, Lloviu virus. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad120. [PMID: 37124400 PMCID: PMC10139700 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lloviu virus (LLOV) is a novel filovirus detected in Schreiber's bats in Europe. The isolation of the infectious LLOV from bats has raised public health concerns. However, the virological and molecular characteristics of LLOV remain largely unknown. The nucleoprotein (NP) of LLOV encapsidates the viral genomic RNA to form a helical NP-RNA complex, which acts as a scaffold for nucleocapsid formation and de novo viral RNA synthesis. In this study, using single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, we determined two structures of the LLOV NP-RNA helical complex, comprising a full-length and a C-terminally truncated NP. The two helical structures were identical, demonstrating that the N-terminal region determines the helical arrangement of the NP. The LLOV NP-RNA protomers displayed a structure similar to that in the Ebola and Marburg virus, but the spatial arrangements in the helix differed. Structure-based mutational analysis identified amino acids involved in the helical assembly and viral RNA synthesis. These structures advance our understanding of the filovirus nucleocapsid formation and provide a structural basis for the development of antifiloviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfan Hu
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujita-Fujiharu
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugita
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Lisa Wendt
- Laboratory for Integrative Cell and Infection Biology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Yukiko Muramoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Laboratory for Integrative Cell and Infection Biology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Greifswald 17493, Germany
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23
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Kimura R, Yoshimura Y. The contribution of low contrast-preferring neurons to information representation in the primary visual cortex after learning. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj9976. [PMID: 34826242 PMCID: PMC8626071 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animals exhibit improved perception of lower-contrast visual objects after training. We explored this neuronal mechanism using multiple single-unit recordings from deep layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) of trained rats during orientation discrimination. We found that the firing rates of a subset of neurons increased by reducing luminance contrast, being at least above basal activities at low contrast. These low contrast–preferring neurons were rare during passive viewing without training or anesthesia after training. They fired more frequently in correct-choice than incorrect-choice trials. At single-neuron and population levels, they efficiently represented low-contrast orientations. Following training, in addition to generally enhanced excitation, the phase synchronization of spikes to beta oscillations at high contrast was stronger in putative inhibitory than excitatory neurons. The change in excitation-inhibition balance might contribute to low-contrast preference. Thus, low-contrast preference in V1 activity is strengthened in an experience-dependent manner, which may contribute to low-contrast visual discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kimura
- Division of Visual Information Processing, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshimura
- Division of Visual Information Processing, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
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