1
|
Davis ZG, Koch DW, Watson SL, Scull GM, Brown AC, Schnabel LV, Fisher MB. Controlled Stiffness of Direct-Write, Near-Field Electrospun Gelatin Fibers Generates Differences in Tenocyte Morphology and Gene Expression. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:091008. [PMID: 38529730 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a leading cause of mobility issues. Currently, the cell-matrix interactions involved in the development of tendinopathy are not fully understood. In vitro tendon models provide a unique tool for addressing this knowledge gap as they permit fine control over biochemical, micromechanical, and structural aspects of the local environment to explore cell-matrix interactions. In this study, direct-write, near-field electrospinning of gelatin solution was implemented to fabricate micron-scale fibrous scaffolds that mimic native collagen fiber size and orientation. The stiffness of these fibrous scaffolds was found to be controllable between 1 MPa and 8 MPa using different crosslinking methods (EDC, DHT, DHT+EDC) or through altering the duration of crosslinking with EDC (1 h to 24 h). EDC crosslinking provided the greatest fiber stability, surviving up to 3 weeks in vitro. Differences in stiffness resulted in phenotypic changes for equine tenocytes with low stiffness fibers (∼1 MPa) promoting an elongated nuclear aspect ratio while those on high stiffness fibers (∼8 MPa) were rounded. High stiffness fibers resulted in the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and proteoglycans (possible indicators for tendinopathy) relative to low stiffness fibers. These results demonstrate the feasibility of direct-written gelatin scaffolds as tendon in vitro models and provide evidence that matrix mechanical properties may be crucial factors in cell-matrix interactions during tendinopathy formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G Davis
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Drew W Koch
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- North Carolina State University
| | - Samantha L Watson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Grant M Scull
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- North Carolina State University
| | - Matthew B Fisher
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Blank JL, Roth JD. An Apparatus for Measuring Combined Shear-Tensile Loading in Fibrous Tissues Ex Vivo. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:074501. [PMID: 38183226 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Soft tissues such as tendon and ligament undergo a combination of shear and tensile loading in vivo due to their boundary conditions at muscle and/or bone. Current experimental protocols are limited to pure tensile loading, biaxial loading, or simple shear, and thus may not fully characterize the mechanics of these tissues under physiological loading scenarios. Our objective was to create an experimental protocol to determine the shear modulus of fibrous tissues at different tensile loads. We assembled a four-actuator experimental system that facilitated shear deformation to be superimposed on a tissue subjected to an axial preload. We measured shear modulus in axially loaded electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with either randomly oriented or aligned fibers. We found that shear modulus in the nanofiber phantoms was shear-strain stiffening and dependent on both the axial load (p < 0.001) and fiber alignment (p < 0.001) of the scaffold. The proposed system can enhance our understanding of microstructure and functional mechanics in soft tissues, while also providing a platform to investigate the behavior of electrospun scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Our experimental protocol for determining loaded shear modulus would be further useful as a method to gauge tissue mechanics under loading conditions that are more representative of physiological loads applied to tendon and ligament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon L Blank
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Avenue Room 3046, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Joshua D Roth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue Room 5037, Madison, WI 53705
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zakaria FR, Chen CY, Li J, Wang S, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Redox active plant phenolic, acetosyringone, for electrogenetic signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9666. [PMID: 38671069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox is a unique, programmable modality capable of bridging communication between biology and electronics. Previous studies have shown that the E. coli redox-responsive OxyRS regulon can be re-wired to accept electrochemically generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an inducer of gene expression. Here we report that the redox-active phenolic plant signaling molecule acetosyringone (AS) can also induce gene expression from the OxyRS regulon. AS must be oxidized, however, as the reduced state present under normal conditions cannot induce gene expression. Thus, AS serves as a "pro-signaling molecule" that can be activated by its oxidation-in our case by application of oxidizing potential to an electrode. We show that the OxyRS regulon is not induced electrochemically if the imposed electrode potential is in the mid-physiological range. Electronically sliding the applied potential to either oxidative or reductive extremes induces this regulon but through different mechanisms: reduction of O2 to form H2O2 or oxidation of AS. Fundamentally, this work reinforces the emerging concept that redox signaling depends more on molecular activities than molecular structure. From an applications perspective, the creation of an electronically programmed "pro-signal" dramatically expands the toolbox for electronic control of biological responses in microbes, including in complex environments, cell-based materials, and biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Rahma Zakaria
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jinyang Li
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sally Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA.
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA.
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Movassaghi CS, Alcañiz Fillol M, Kishida KT, McCarty G, Sombers LA, Wassum KM, Andrews AM. Maximizing Electrochemical Information: A Perspective on Background-Inclusive Fast Voltammetry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6097-6105. [PMID: 38597398 PMCID: PMC11044109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This perspective encompasses a focused review of the literature leading to a tipping point in electroanalytical chemistry. We tie together the threads of a "revolution" quietly in the making for years through the work of many authors. Long-held misconceptions about the use of background subtraction in fast voltammetry are addressed. We lay out future advantages that accompany background-inclusive voltammetry, particularly when paired with modern machine-learning algorithms for data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Movassaghi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miguel Alcañiz Fillol
- Interuniversity
Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat
de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Kenneth T. Kishida
- Department
of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Gregory McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kate M. Wassum
- Department
of Psychology, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Integrative
Center for Learning and Memory, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Integrative
Center for Addictive Disorders, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne Milasincic Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Hatos Center
for Neuropharmacology, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Davis AH, Chidester BA, Greenberg E, Prakapenka VB, Campbell AJ. Carbonate-Metal Reactions in the Lower Mantle. ACS Earth Space Chem 2024; 8:654-664. [PMID: 38654897 PMCID: PMC11033939 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbonates are important carbon-bearing phases in the mantle. While their role in upper mantle petrologic processes has been well studied, their effect on phase relations, melting, and transport properties in the lower mantle is less understood. The stability of carbonates in the mantle depends on a host of factors, including pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, and reactions with surrounding mantle phases. To understand the stability of carbonates in the presence of metal in the lower mantle, carbonate-metal reaction experiments on the Fe-Si-Ca-Mg-C-O system were conducted up to 124 GPa and 3200 K. We find that carbonates react with iron alloys to form silicates, iron carbides, and oxides. However, the temperature at which these reactions occur increases with pressure, indicating that along a geotherm in the lowermost mantle carbonates are the stable carbon-bearing phase. Carbon is found to be less siderophilic at high-pressure compared to silicon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne H. Davis
- Department
of the Geophysical Sciences, The University
of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Eran Greenberg
- Center
for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University
of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vitali B. Prakapenka
- Center
for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University
of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrew J. Campbell
- Department
of the Geophysical Sciences, The University
of Chicago, 5734 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shutter J, Cox J, Keutsch FN. Leaf-Level Bidirectional Exchange of Formaldehyde on Deciduous and Evergreen Tree Saplings. ACS Earth Space Chem 2024; 8:723-733. [PMID: 38654895 PMCID: PMC11033940 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gas-phase formaldehyde (HCHO) is formed in high yield from the oxidation of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and is commonly used as a constraint when testing the performance of VOC oxidation mechanisms in models. However, prior to using HCHO as a model constraint for VOC oxidation in forested regions, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of its foliar exchange. Therefore, a controlled laboratory setup was designed to measure the emission and dry deposition of HCHO at the leaf-level to red oak (Quercus rubra) and Leyland cypress (Cupressus × leylandii) tree saplings. The results show that HCHO has a compensation point (CP) that rises exponentially with temperature (22-35 °C) with a mean range of 0.3-0.9 ppbv. The HCHO CP results are also found to be independent of the studied tree species and 40-70% relative humidity. Given that HCHO mixing ratios in forests during the daytime are usually greater than 1 ppbv, the magnitude of the CP suggests that trees generally act as a net sink of HCHO. Additionally, the results show that HCHO foliar exchange is stomatally controlled and better matches a reactivity factor (f0) of 0 as opposed to 1 in conventional dry deposition parametrizations. At 30 °C, daytime HCHO dry deposition fluxes are reduced by upward of 50% when using f0 = 0 and a nonzero HCHO CP, although deposition remains the dominant canopy sink of HCHO. A reduced deposition sink also implies the increased importance of the gas-phase photolysis of HCHO as a source of HO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
D. Shutter
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Joshua
L. Cox
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Frank N. Keutsch
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department
of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melbourne LA, Goodkin NF. Using Museum collections to assess the impact of industrialization on mussel (Mytilus edulis) calcification. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301874. [PMID: 38630684 PMCID: PMC11023280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mytilus edulis is a commercially and ecologically important species found along the east coast of the United States. Ecologically, M. edulis improves water quality through filtration feeding and provides habitat formation and coastal protection through reef formation. Like many marine calcifiers, ocean warming, and acidification are a growing threat to these organisms-impacting their morphology and function. Museum collections are useful in assessing long-term environmental impacts on organisms in a natural multi-stressor environment, where acclimation and adaptation can be considered. Using the American Museum of Natural History collections ranging from the early 1900s until now, we show that shell porosity changes through time. Shells collected today are significantly more porous than shells collected in the 1960s and, at some sites, than shells collected from the early 1900s. The disparity between porosity changes matches well with the warming that occurred over the last 130 years in the north Atlantic suggesting that warming is causing porosity changes. However, more work is required to discern local environmental impacts and to fully identify porosity drivers. Since, porosity is known to affect structural integrity, porosity increasing through time could have negative consequences for mussel reef structural integrity and hence habitat formation and storm defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne A. Melbourne
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathalie F. Goodkin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wilcox K, Yamagami KR, Roopnarine BK, Linscott A, Morozova S. Effect of Polymer Gel Elasticity on Complex Coacervate Phase Behavior. ACS Polym Au 2024; 4:109-119. [PMID: 38618006 PMCID: PMC11010254 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gels are key materials in biological systems such as tissues and may control biocondensate formation and structure. To further understand the effects of elastic environments on biomacromolecular assembly, we have investigated the phase behavior and radii of complex coacervate droplets in polyacrylamide (PAM) networks as a function of gel modulus. Poly-l-lysine (PLL) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) complex coacervate phases were prepared in PAM gels with moduli varying from 0.035 to 15.0 kPa. The size of the complex coacervate droplets is reported from bright-field microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Overall, the complex coacervate droplet volume decreases inversely with the modulus. Fluorescence microscopy is also used to determine the phase behavior and concentration of fluorescently tagged HA in the complex coacervate phases as a function of ionic strength (100-270 mM). We find that the critical ionic strength and complex coacervate stability are nonmonotonic as a function of the network modulus and that the local gel concentration can be used to control phase behavior and complex coacervate droplet size scale. By understanding how elastic environments influence simple electrostatic assembly, we can further understand how biomacromolecules exist in complex, crowded, and elastic cellular environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn
G. Wilcox
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kai R. Yamagami
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Brittany K. Roopnarine
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adam Linscott
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Svetlana Morozova
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krishnan A, Lee DC, Slagle I, Ahsan S, Mitra S, Read E, Alamgir FM. Monitoring Redox Processes in Lithium-Ion Batteries by Laboratory-Scale Operando X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16096-16105. [PMID: 38502716 PMCID: PMC10995943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tracking changes in the chemical state of transition metals in alkali-ion batteries is crucial to understanding the redox chemistry during operation. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is often used to follow the chemistry through observed changes in the chemical state and local atomic structure as a function of the state-of-charge (SoC) in batteries. In this study, we utilize an operando X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) method to observe changes in the chemical state of active elements in batteries during operation. Operando XES and XAS were compared by using a laboratory-scale setup for four different battery systems: LiCoO2 (LCO), Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NMC111), Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NMC811), and LiFePO4 (LFP) under a constant current charging the battery in 10 h (C/10 charge rate). We show that XES, despite narrower chemical shifts in comparison to XAS, allows us to fingerprint the battery SOC in real time. We further demonstrate that XES can be used to track the change in net spin of the probed atoms by analyzing changes in the emission peak shape. As a test case, the connection between net spin and the local chemical and structural environment was investigated by using XES and XAS in the case of electrochemically delithiated LCO in the range of 2-10% lithium removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiram Krishnan
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | - Ian Slagle
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sumaiyatul Ahsan
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | - Ethan Read
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Faisal M. Alamgir
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palmer LD, Lee W, Dong CL, Liu RS, Wu N, Cushing SK. Determining Quasi-Equilibrium Electron and Hole Distributions of Plasmonic Photocatalysts Using Photomodulated X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9344-9353. [PMID: 38498940 PMCID: PMC10993415 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Most photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices operate under broadband, constant illumination. Electron and hole dynamics in these devices, however, are usually measured by using ultrafast pulsed lasers in a narrow wavelength range. In this work, we use excited-state X-ray theory originally developed for transient X-ray experiments to study steady-state photomodulated X-ray spectra. We use this method to attempt to extract electron and hole distributions from spectra collected at a nontime-resolved synchrotron beamline. A set of plasmonic metal core-shell nanoparticles is designed as the control experiment because they can systematically isolate photothermal, hot electron, and thermalized electron-hole pairs in a TiO2 shell. Steady-state changes in the Ti L2,3 edge are measured with and without continuous-wave illumination of the nanoparticle's localized surface plasmon resonance. The results suggest that within error the quasi-equilibrium carrier distribution can be determined even from relatively noisy data with mixed excited-state phenomena. Just as importantly, the theoretical analysis of noisy data is used to provide guidelines for the beamline development of photomodulated steady-state spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Daniel Palmer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department
of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University
and Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst 01003−9303, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Scott Kevin Cushing
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kelly M, Yan B, Lucky C, Schreier M. Electrochemical Synthesis of Sound: Hearing the Electrochemical Double Layer. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:595-602. [PMID: 38559295 PMCID: PMC10979475 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical double layers (EDLs) govern the operation of batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, and electrolyzers. However, their invisible nature makes their properties and function difficult to conceptualize, creating an impediment to the broader understanding of double-layer function required for future technologies in energy storage and chemical synthesis. To render the behavior of electrochemical interfaces more intuitive, we made the rearrangement of interfacial components audible by employing the EDL as a variable element in a relaxation oscillator circuit. Connecting the circuit to a speaker generated an audible output corresponding to the change in potential resulting from EDL rearrangement. Variations in the applied voltage, electrolyte concentration and identity, as well as in the electrode material, yielded audible frequency variations that provide an intuitive understanding of EDL behavior. We expect that hearing the trends in behavior will provide a helpful and alternative method for understanding molecular movement at the electrochemical interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kelly
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bill Yan
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christine Lucky
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marcel Schreier
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Durbin M, Balzer AH, Reynolds JR, Ratcliff EL, Stingelin N, Österholm AM. Role of Side-Chain Free Volume on the Electrochemical Behavior of Poly(propylenedioxythiophenes). Chem Mater 2024; 36:2634-2641. [PMID: 38558922 PMCID: PMC10976628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mixed ionic/electronic conducting polymers are versatile systems for, e.g., energy storage, heat management (exploiting electrochromism), and biosensing, all of which require electrochemical doping, i.e., the electrochemical oxidation or reduction of their macromolecular backbones. Electrochemical doping is achieved via electro-injection of charges (i.e., electronic carriers), stabilized via migration of counterions from a supporting electrolyte. Since the choice of the polymer side-chain functionalization influences electrolyte and/or ion sorption and desorption, it in turn affects redox properties, and, thus, electrochemically induced mixed conduction. However, our understanding of how side-chain versus backbone design can increase ion flow while retaining high electronic transport remains limited. Hence, heuristic design approaches have typically been followed. Herein, we consider the redox and swelling behavior of three poly(propylenedioxythiophene) derivatives, P(ProDOT)s, substituted with different side-chain motifs, and demonstrate that passive swelling is controlled by the surface polarity of P(ProDOT) films. In contrast, active swelling under operando conditions (i.e., under an applied bias) is dictated by the local side-chain free volume on the length scale of a monomer unit. Such insights deliver important design criteria toward durable soft electrochemical systems for diverse energy and biosensing platforms and new understanding into electrochemical conditioning ("break-in") in many conducting polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlow
M. Durbin
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alex H. Balzer
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Erin L. Ratcliff
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0012, United States
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Anna M. Österholm
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fowler W, Deng C, Teodoro OT, de Pablo JJ, Tirrell MV. Synthetic and Computational Design Insights toward Mimicking Protein Binding of Phosphate. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:300-311. [PMID: 38377539 PMCID: PMC10962344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The unique and precise capabilities of proteins are renowned for their specificity and range of application. Effective mimicking of protein-binding offers enticing potential to direct their abilities toward useful applications, but it is nevertheless quite difficult to realize this characteristic of protein behavior in a synthetic material. Here, we design, synthesize, and evaluate experimentally and computationally a series of multicomponent phosphate-binding peptide amphiphile micelles to derive design insights into how protein binding behavior translates to synthetic materials. By inserting the Walker A P-loop binding motif into this peptide synthetic material, we successfully implemented the protein-binding design parameters of hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interaction to bind phosphate completely and selectively in this highly tunable synthetic platform. Moreover, in this densely arrayed peptide environment, we use molecular dynamics simulations to identify an intriguing mechanistic shift of binding that is inaccessible in traditional proteins, introducing two corresponding new design elements─flexibility and minimization of the loss of entropy due to ion binding, in protein-analogous synthetic materials. We then translate these new design factors to de novo peptide sequences that bind phosphate independent of protein-extracted sequence or conformation. Overall, this work reveals that traditional complex conformational restrictions of binding by proteins can be replaced and repurposed in a multicomponent peptide amphiphile synthetic material, opening up opportunities for future enhanced protein-inspired design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney
C. Fowler
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chuting Deng
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - O. Therese Teodoro
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wander HL, Farruggia MJ, La Fuente S, Korver MC, Chapina RJ, Robinson J, Bah A, Munthali E, Ghosh R, Stachelek J, Khandelwal A, Hanson PC, Weathers KC. Using Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning To Assess Patterns of Areal Change in Waterbodies across the Contiguous United States. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5003-5013. [PMID: 38446785 PMCID: PMC10956424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lake and reservoir surface areas are an important proxy for freshwater availability. Advancements in machine learning (ML) techniques and increased accessibility of remote sensing data products have enabled the analysis of waterbody surface area dynamics on broad spatial scales. However, interpreting the ML results remains a challenge. While ML provides important tools for identifying patterns, the resultant models do not include mechanisms. Thus, the "black-box" nature of ML techniques often lacks ecological meaning. Using ML, we characterized temporal patterns in lake and reservoir surface area change from 1984 to 2016 for 103,930 waterbodies in the contiguous United States. We then employed knowledge-guided machine learning (KGML) to classify all waterbodies into seven ecologically interpretable groups representing distinct patterns of surface area change over time. Many waterbodies were classified as having "no change" (43%), whereas the remaining 57% of waterbodies fell into other groups representing both linear and nonlinear patterns. This analysis demonstrates the potential of KGML not only for identifying ecologically relevant patterns of change across time but also for unraveling complex processes that underpin those changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jenna Robinson
- Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Abdou Bah
- City
University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Elias Munthali
- Northern
Region Water Board, Bloemwater
Street, Mzuzu 105206, Malawi
| | - Rahul Ghosh
- University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jemma Stachelek
- Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 15672, United States
| | - Ankush Khandelwal
- University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paul C. Hanson
- University
of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jones E, Su Y, Sander C, Justman QA, Springer M, Silver PA. LanTERN: A Fluorescent Sensor That Specifically Responds to Lanthanides. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:958-962. [PMID: 38377571 PMCID: PMC10949232 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Lanthanides, a series of 15 f-block elements, are crucial in modern technology, and their purification by conventional chemical means comes at a significant environmental cost. Synthetic biology offers promising solutions. However, progress in developing synthetic biology approaches is bottlenecked because it is challenging to measure lanthanide binding with current biochemical tools. Here we introduce LanTERN, a lanthanide-responsive fluorescent protein. LanTERN was designed based on GCaMP, a genetically encoded calcium indicator that couples the ion binding of four EF hand motifs to increased GFP fluorescence. We engineered eight mutations across the parent construct's four EF hand motifs to switch specificity from calcium to lanthanides. The resulting protein, LanTERN, directly converts the binding of 10 measured lanthanides to 14-fold or greater increased fluorescence. LanTERN development opens new avenues for creating improved lanthanide-binding proteins and biosensing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan
M. Jones
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yang Su
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chris Sander
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Quincey A. Justman
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael Springer
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Pamela A. Silver
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Blankenship B, Meier T, Zhao N, Mavrikos S, Arvin S, De La Torre N, Hsu B, Seymour N, Grigoropoulos CP. Three-Dimensional Optical Imaging of Internal Deformations in Polymeric Microscale Mechanical Metamaterials. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2735-2742. [PMID: 38277644 PMCID: PMC10921468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in two-photon polymerization fabrication processes are paving the way to creating macroscopic metamaterials with microscale architectures, which exhibit mechanical properties superior to their bulk material counterparts. These metamaterials typically feature lightweight, complex patterns such as lattice or minimal surface structures. Conventional tools for investigating these microscale structures, such as scanning electron microscopy, cannot easily probe the internal features of these structures, which are critical for a comprehensive assessment of their mechanical behavior. In turn, we demonstrate an optical confocal microscopy-based approach that allows for high-resolution optical imaging of internal deformations and fracture processes in microscale metamaterials under mechanical load. We validate this technique by investigating an exemplary metamaterial lattice structure of 80 × 80 × 80 μm3 in size. This technique can be extended to other metamaterial systems and holds significant promise to enhance our understanding of their real-world performance under loading conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian
W. Blankenship
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Timon Meier
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Naichen Zhao
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefanos Mavrikos
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sophia Arvin
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Natalia De La Torre
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian Hsu
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nathan Seymour
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Costas P. Grigoropoulos
- Laser
Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen LM, Reisman SE. Enantioselective C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Bond Construction by Ni Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:751-762. [PMID: 38346006 PMCID: PMC10918837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAfter decades of palladium dominating the realm of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, recent years have witnessed exciting advances in the development of new nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions to form C(sp3) centers. Nickel possesses distinct properties compared with palladium, such as facile single-electron transfer to C(sp3) electrophiles and rapid C-C reductive elimination from NiIII. These properties, among others, make nickel particularly well-suited for reductive cross-coupling (RCC) in which two electrophiles are coupled and an exogenous reductant is used to turn over the metal catalyst. Ni-catalyzed RCCs use readily available and stable electrophiles as starting materials and exhibit good functional group tolerance, which makes them appealing for applications in the synthesis of complex molecules. Building upon the foundational work in Ni-catalyzed RCCs by the groups of Kumada, Durandetti, Weix, and others, as well as the advancements in Ni-catalyzed enantioselective redox-neutral cross-couplings led by Fu and co-workers, we initiated a program to explore the feasibility of developing highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed RCCs. Our research has also been driven by a keen interest in unraveling the factors contributing to enantioinduction and electrophile activation as we seek new avenues for advancing our understanding and further developing these reactions.In the first part of this Account, we organize our reported methods on the basis of the identity of the C(sp3) electrophiles, including benzylic chlorides, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, and α-chloro esters and nitriles. We highlight how the selection of specific chiral ligands plays a pivotal role in achieving high cross-selectivity and enantioselectivity. In addition, we show that reduction can be accomplished not only with heterogeneous reductants, such as Mn0, but also with the soluble organic reductant tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE), as well as electrochemically. The use of homogeneous reductants, such as TDAE, is well suited for studying the mechanism of the transformation. Although this Account primarily focuses on RCCs, we also highlight our work using trifluoroborate (BF3K) salts as radical precursors for enantioselective dual-Ni/photoredox systems.At the end of this Account, we summarize the relevant mechanistic studies of two closely related asymmetric reductive alkenylation reactions developed in our laboratory and provide a context between our work and related mechanistic studies by others. We discuss how the ligand properties influence the rates and mechanisms of electrophile activation and how understanding the mode of C(sp3) radical generation can be used to optimize the yield of an RCC. Our research endeavors to offer insights on the intricate mechanisms at play in asymmetric Ni-catalyzed RCCs with the goal of using the rate of electrophile activation to improve the substrate scope of enantioselective RCCs. We anticipate that the insights we share in this Account can provide guidance for the development of new methods in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Chen
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fotopoulos V, O’Hern CS, Shattuck MD, Shluger AL. Modeling the Effects of Varying the Ti Concentration on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ti Alloys. ACS Omega 2024; 9:10286-10298. [PMID: 38463266 PMCID: PMC10918840 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of CuTi alloys have been characterized extensively through experimental studies. However, a detailed understanding of why the strength of Cu increases after a small fraction of Ti atoms are added to the alloy is still missing. In this work, we address this question using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) interatomic potentials. First, we performed calculations of the uniaxial tension deformations of small bicrystalline Cu cells using DFT static simulations. We then carried out uniaxial tension deformations on much larger bicrystalline and polycrystalline Cu cells by using MEAM MD simulations. In bicrystalline Cu, the inclusion of Ti increases the grain boundary separation energy and the maximum tensile stress. The DFT calculations demonstrate that the increase in the tensile stress can be attributed to an increase in the local charge density arising from Ti. MEAM simulations in larger bicrystalline systems have shown that increasing the Ti concentration decreases the density of the stacking faults. This observation is enhanced in polycrystalline Cu, where the addition of Ti atoms, even at concentrations as low as 1.5 atomic (at.) %, increases the yield strength and elastic modulus of the material compared to pure Cu. Under uniaxial tensile loading, the addition of small amounts of Ti hinders the formation of partial Shockley dislocations in the grain boundaries of Cu, leading to a reduced level of local deformation. These results shed light on the role of Ti in determining the mechanical properties of polycrystalline Cu and enable the engineering of grain boundaries and the inclusion of Ti to improve degradation resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
| | - Corey S. O’Hern
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark D. Shattuck
- Benjamin
Levich Institute and Physics Department, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Alexander L. Shluger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, U.K.
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1
Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aoki N, Weiss B, Jézéquel Y, Zhang WG, Apprill A, Mooney TA. Soundscape enrichment increases larval settlement rates for the brooding coral Porites astreoides. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231514. [PMID: 38481984 PMCID: PMC10933538 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Coral reefs, hubs of global biodiversity, are among the world's most imperilled habitats. Healthy coral reefs are characterized by distinctive soundscapes; these environments are rich with sounds produced by fishes and marine invertebrates. Emerging evidence suggests these sounds can be used as orientation and settlement cues for larvae of reef animals. On degraded reefs, these cues may be reduced or absent, impeding the success of larval settlement, which is an essential process for the maintenance and replenishment of reef populations. Here, in a field-based study, we evaluated the effects of enriching the soundscape of a degraded coral reef to increase coral settlement rates. Porites astreoides larvae were exposed to reef sounds using a custom solar-powered acoustic playback system. Porites astreoides settled at significantly higher rates at the acoustically enriched sites, averaging 1.7 times (up to maximum of seven times) more settlement compared with control reef sites without acoustic enrichment. Settlement rates decreased with distance from the speaker but remained higher than control levels at least 30 m from the sound source. These results reveal that acoustic enrichment can facilitate coral larval settlement at reasonable distances, offering a promising new method for scientists, managers and restoration practitioners to rebuild coral reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Aoki
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Youenn Jézéquel
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Weifeng Gordon Zhang
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - Amy Apprill
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| | - T. Aran Mooney
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02543, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shawon AKA, Guetari W, Ciesielski K, Orenstein R, Qu J, Chanakian S, Rahman MT, Ertekin E, Toberer E, Zevalkink A. Alloying-Induced Structural Transition in the Promising Thermoelectric Compound CaAgSb. Chem Mater 2024; 36:1908-1918. [PMID: 38533450 PMCID: PMC10961731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
AMX Zintl compounds, crystallizing in several closely related layered structures, have recently garnered attention due to their exciting thermoelectric properties. In this study, we show that orthorhombic CaAgSb can be alloyed with hexagonal CaAgBi to achieve a solid solution with a structural transformation at x ∼ 0.8. This transition can be seen as a switch from three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) covalent bonding in which the interlayer M-X bond distances expand while the in-plane M-X distances contract. Measurements of the elastic moduli reveal that CaAgSb1-xBix becomes softer with increasing Bi content, with the exception of a steplike 10% stiffening observed at the 3D-to-2D phase transition. Thermoelectric transport measurements reveal promising Hall mobility and a peak zT of 0.47 at 620 K for intrinsic CaAgSb, which is higher than those in previous reports for unmodified CaAgSb. However, alloying with Bi was found to increase the hole concentration beyond the optimal value, effectively lowering the zT. Interestingly, analysis of the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity suggests that the Bi-rich alloys are low Lorenz-number (L) materials, with estimated values of L well below the nondegenerate limit of L = 1.5 × 10-8 W Ω K-2, in spite of the metallic-like transport properties. A low Lorenz number decouples lattice and electronic thermal conductivities, providing greater flexibility for enhancing thermoelectric properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. K.
M. Ashiquzzaman Shawon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Weeam Guetari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kamil Ciesielski
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rachel Orenstein
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jiaxing Qu
- Department
of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University
of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sevan Chanakian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md. Towhidur Rahman
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department
of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University
of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Eric Toberer
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexandra Zevalkink
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dimmitt N, Lin CC. Degradable and Multifunctional PEG-Based Hydrogels Formed by iEDDA Click Chemistry with Stable Click-Induced Supramolecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1556-1568. [PMID: 38435678 PMCID: PMC10903513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reactions are highly efficient click chemistry increasingly utilized in bioconjugation, live cell labeling, and the synthesis and modification of biomaterials. iEDDA click reactions have also been used to cross-link tetrazine (Tz) and norbornene (NB) modified macromers [e.g., multiarm poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG]. In these hydrogels, Tz-NB adducts exhibit stable supramolecular interactions with a high hydrolytic stability. Toward engineering a new class of PEG-based click hydrogels with highly adaptable properties, we previously reported a new group of NB-derivatized PEG macromers via reacting hydroxyl-terminated PEG with carbic anhydride (CA). In this work, we show that hydrogels cross-linked by PEGNBCA or its derivatives exhibited fast and tunable hydrolytic degradation. Here, we show that PEGNBCA (either mono- or octafunctional) and its dopamine or tyramine conjugated derivatives (i.e., PEGNB-D and PEGNB-T) readily cross-link with 4-arm PEG-Tz to form a novel class of multifunctional iEDDA click hydrogels. Through modularly adjusting the macromers with unstable and stable iEDDA click-induced supramolecular interactions (iEDDA-CSI), we achieved highly tunable degradation, with full degradation in less than 2 weeks to over two months. We also show that secondary enzymatic reactions could dynamically stiffen these hydrogels. These hydrogels could also be spatiotemporally photopatterned through visible light-initiated photochemistry. Finally, the iEDDA-CSI hydrogels post ester hydrolysis displayed shear-thinning and self-healing properties, enabling injectable delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
H. Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bulger AS, Nasrallah DJ, Tena Meza A, Garg NK. Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck cyclizations of amide electrophiles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2593-2600. [PMID: 38362425 PMCID: PMC10866352 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amide cross-couplings that rely on C-N bond activation by transition metal catalysts have emerged as valuable synthetic tools. Despite numerous discoveries in this field, no catalytic asymmetric variants have been disclosed to date. Herein, we demonstrate the first such transformation, which is the Mizoroki-Heck cyclization of amide substrates using asymmetric nickel catalysis. This proof-of-concept study provides an entryway to complex enantioenriched polycyclic scaffolds and advances the field of amide C-N bond activation chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Arismel Tena Meza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Z, Popov S, Lee W, Burch JE, Delgadillo DA, Kim LJ, Shahgholi M, Lebrón-Acosta N, Houk KN, Nelson HM. Accessing Medium-Sized Rings via Vinyl Carbocation Intermediates. Org Lett 2024; 26:1000-1005. [PMID: 38295154 PMCID: PMC10863392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Medium-sized rings (8-11-membered cycles) are often more challenging to synthesize than smaller rings (5-7-membered cycles) due to ring strain. Herein, we report a catalytic method for forming 8- and 9-membered rings that proceeds via the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reactions of vinyl carbocation intermediates. These reactive species are generated catalytically through the ionization of vinyl toluenesulfonates by a Lewis acidic lithium cation-weakly coordinating anion salt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Zhao
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stasik Popov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jessica E. Burch
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - David A. Delgadillo
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lee Joon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mona Shahgholi
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Naiara Lebrón-Acosta
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hosea M. Nelson
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Umanzor A, Garcia NA, Roberts CC. Ligand-Controlled Regioinduction in a PHOX-Ni Aryne Complex. ACS Org Inorg Au 2024; 4:97-101. [PMID: 38344017 PMCID: PMC10853916 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands have been used to control the regio- and enantioselectivity in a wide variety of metal-catalyzed reactions. Despite their widespread use, PHOX ligands have never been studied in metal-aryne complexes. Herein we report the first example of a PHOX-Ni aryne complex. As demonstrated in other systems, the differentiated P versus N donors and different steric environments of the unsymmetric ligand are able to induce regiocontrol. A 81:19 mixture of o-methoxy substituted aryne complexes is observed. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis, UV/vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to gain further insight into the molecular and electronic structure of these complexes. Lastly, a methylation/deuteration sequence shows retention of the PHOX ligand-induced regiocontrol in the difunctionalized products and that the regiospecificity of these difunctionalizations is due to the trans influence of the P donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Umanzor
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Piper K, George Z, Gordon J, Peto I, Vakharia K, Van Loveren H. Clival-Meckel's Cave Angle: A Predictor of Glycerol Displacement in Percutaneous Glycerol Rhizotomy for Trigeminal Neuralgia. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024; 26:141-148. [PMID: 37747352 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy successfully treats trigeminal neuralgia although failure rates and durability of the procedure are variable. Some of this variability in clinical outcome might be due to egress of glycerol from Meckel's cave (MC) because of surgical positioning and individual patient anatomy. In this article, we quantitatively analyzed the anatomic variances that affect glycerol fluid dynamics to better predict patients more amenable for percutaneous glycerol injections. METHODS Computed tomography imaging of 11 cadaveric heads was used to calculate bilateral Clival-Meckel's cave (CMC) and sella-temporal (ST) angles. Twenty-two cadaveric percutaneous injections of dyed glycerol into the Meckel's cave were performed using Härtel's approach, and the fluid movement was documented at prespecified intervals over 1 hour. The relationship between the angles and glycerol migration was studied. RESULTS Specimens with basal cistern involvement by 60 minutes had significantly greater CMC angles (median [IQR]: basal cistern involvement = 74.5° [59.5°-89.5°] vs no basal cistern involvement = 58.0° [49.0°-67.0°]), U = 6.0, P < .001. This model may predict which patients will experience glycerol migration away from the Gasserian ganglion (area under the curve: 0.950, SE: 0.046, CI: 0.859-1.041, P < .001). Increased ST angle was associated with lateral flow of glycerol (r s = 0.639, P = .001), and CMC angle was associated with total area of dispersion (r s = -0.474, P = .026). CONCLUSION Anatomic variation in skull base angles affects glycerol migration. Specifically, a more obtuse CMC angle was associated with a higher risk of posterior migration away from the Gasserian ganglion. This may be a reason for differing rates of surgical success. These results suggest that anterior head flexion for 60 minutes may prevent percutaneous glycerol rhizotomy failures and some patients with large CMC angles are more likely to benefit from postinjection head positioning. However, this clinical effect needs validation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keaton Piper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa , Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chakraborty PP, Derby MM. Analysis of Drying Front Propagation and Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer During Evaporation From Additively Manufactured Porous Structures Under a Solar Flux. ASME J Heat Mass Transf 2024; 146:021602. [PMID: 38111632 PMCID: PMC10726472 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Drying front propagation and coupled heat and mass transfer analysis from porous media is critical for soil-water dynamics, electronics cooling, and evaporative drying. In this study, de-ionized water was evaporated from three 3D printed porous structures (with 0.41 mm, 0.41 mm, and 0.16 mm effective radii, respectively) created out of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic using stereolithography technology. The structures were immersed in water until all the pores were invaded and then placed on the top of a sensitive scale to record evaporative mass loss. A 1000 W/m2 heat flux was applied with a solar simulator to the top of each structure to accelerate evaporation. The evaporative mass losses were recorded at 15 min time intervals and plotted against time to compare evaporation rates from the three structures. The evaporation phenomena were captured with a high-speed camera from the side of the structures to observe the drying front propagation during evaporation, and a high-resolution thermal camera was used to capture images to visualize the thermal gradients during evaporation. The 3D-structure with the smallest effective pore radius (i.e., 0.16 mm) experienced the sharpest decrease in the mass loss as the water evaporated from 0.8 g to 0.1 g within 180 min. The designed pore structures influenced hydraulic linkages, and therefore, evaporation processes. A coupled heat-and-mass-transfer model modeled constant rate evaporation, and the falling rate period was modeled through the normalized evaporation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Chakraborty
- Alan Levin Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, 3002 Rathbone Hall, 1701B Platt Street, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Melanie M. Derby
- Alan Levin Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, 3002 Rathbone Hall, 1701B Platt Street, Manhattan, KS 66506
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS Nano 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lesiak L, Dadina N, Zheng S, Schelvis M, Schepartz A. A Bright, Photostable, and Far-Red Dye That Enables Multicolor, Time-Lapse, and Super-Resolution Imaging of Acidic Organelles. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:19-27. [PMID: 38292604 PMCID: PMC10823512 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes have long been known for their acidic lumens and efficient degradation of cellular byproducts. In recent years, it has become clear that their function is far more sophisticated, involving multiple cell signaling pathways and interactions with other organelles. Unfortunately, their acidic interior, fast dynamics, and small size make lysosomes difficult to image with fluorescence microscopy. Here we report a far-red small molecule, HMSiR680-Me, that fluoresces only under acidic conditions, causing selective labeling of acidic organelles in live cells. HMSiR680-Me can be used alongside other far-red dyes in multicolor imaging experiments and is superior to existing lysosome probes in terms of photostability and maintaining cell health and lysosome motility. We demonstrate that HMSiR680-Me is compatible with overnight time-lapse experiments as well as time-lapse super-resolution microscopy with a frame rate of 1.5 fps for at least 1000 frames. HMSiR680-Me can also be used alongside silicon rhodamine dyes in a multiplexed super-resolution microscopy experiment to visualize interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes with only a single excitation laser and simultaneous depletion. We envision this dye permitting a more detailed study of the role of lysosomes in dynamic cellular processes and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Lesiak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marianne Schelvis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California
Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dailing EA, Khanal P, Epstein AR, Demarteau J, Persson KA, Helms BA. Circular Polydiketoenamine Elastomers with Exceptional Creep Resistance via Multivalent Cross-Linker Design. ACS Cent Sci 2024; 10:54-64. [PMID: 38292616 PMCID: PMC10823519 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Elastomers are widely used in textiles, foam, and rubber, yet they are rarely recycled due to the difficulty in deconstructing polymer chains to reusable monomers. Introducing reversible bonds in these materials offers prospects for improving their circularity; however, concomitant bond exchange permits creep, which is undesirable. Here, we show how to architect dynamic covalent polydiketoenamine (PDK) elastomers prepared from polyetheramine and triketone monomers, not only for energy-efficient circularity, but also for outstanding creep resistance at high temperature. By appending polytopic cross-linking functionality at the chain ends of flexible polyetheramines, we reduced creep from >200% to less than 1%, relative to monotopic controls, producing mechanically robust and stable elastomers and carbon-reinforced rubbers that are readily depolymerized to pure monomer in high yield. We also found that the multivalent chain end was essential for ensuring complete PDK deconstruction. Mapping reaction coordinates in energy and space across a range of potential conformations reveals the underpinnings of this behavior, which involves preorganization of the transition state for diketoenamine bond acidolysis when a tertiary amine is also nearby.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Dailing
- Molecular
Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
| | - Pawan Khanal
- Materials
Sciences and Engineering University of California,
Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander R. Epstein
- Materials
Sciences and Engineering University of California,
Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeremy Demarteau
- Molecular
Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Molecular
Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
- Materials
Sciences and Engineering University of California,
Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
| | - Brett A. Helms
- Molecular
Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94270, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu C, Powell MM, Rao G, Britt RD, Rittle J. Bioinformatic Discovery of a Cambialistic Monooxygenase. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1783-1788. [PMID: 38198693 PMCID: PMC10811679 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Dinuclear monooxygenases mediate challenging C-H bond oxidation reactions throughout nature. Many of these enzymes are presumed to exclusively utilize diiron cofactors. Herein we report the bioinformatic discovery of an orphan dinuclear monooxygenase that preferentially utilizes a heterobimetallic manganese-iron (Mn/Fe) cofactor to mediate an O2-dependent C-H bond hydroxylation reaction. Unlike the structurally similar Mn/Fe-dependent monooxygenase AibH2, the diiron form of this enzyme (SfbO) exhibits a nascent enzymatic activity. This behavior raises the possibility that many other dinuclear monooxygenases may be endowed with the capacity to harness cofactors with a variable metal content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Magan M. Powell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guodong Rao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R. David Britt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jonathan Rittle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Balogun S, Yim SS, Yom T, Jean BC, Losego MD. Dealkylation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) by TiCl 4 Vapor Phase Infiltration (VPI) and the Resulting Chemical and Thermophysical Properties of the Hybrid Material. Chem Mater 2024; 36:838-847. [PMID: 38282685 PMCID: PMC10809413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the chemical reaction pathways for vapor phase infiltration (VPI) of TiCl4 into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). VPI is a processing method that transforms organic polymers into organic-inorganic hybrid materials with new properties of interest for microelectronic patterning, technical textiles, and chemical separations. Understanding the fundamental chemical mechanisms of the VPI process is essential for establishing approaches to design the chemical structure and properties of these hybrid materials. While prior work has suggested that TiCl4 infiltration into PMMA does not disrupt the polymer's carbonyl bond, a clear reaction mechanism has yet to be proposed. Here, we present a detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study that presents evidence for a concerted reaction mechanism that involves TiCl4 coordinating with the PMMA's ester group to dealkylate the methyl side group, creating a chloromethane byproduct and primary chemical bonds between the organic and inorganic components of the hybrid material. Additional spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance gravimetry, and thermophysical and chemical property measurements of this material, including solubility studies and thermal expansion measurements, provide further evidence for this chemical reaction pathway and the subsequent creation of inorganic cross-links that network these TiOx-PMMA hybrid materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaib
A. Balogun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,United States
| | - Sierra S. Yim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,United States
| | - Typher Yom
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,United States
| | - Benjamin C. Jean
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,United States
| | - Mark D. Losego
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gamage S, Manna S, Zajac M, Hancock S, Wang Q, Singh S, Ghafariasl M, Yao K, Tiwald TE, Park TJ, Landau DP, Wen H, Sankaranarayanan SKS, Darancet P, Ramanathan S, Abate Y. Infrared Nanoimaging of Hydrogenated Perovskite Nickelate Memristive Devices. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2105-2116. [PMID: 38198599 PMCID: PMC10811663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state devices made from correlated oxides, such as perovskite nickelates, are promising for neuromorphic computing by mimicking biological synaptic function. However, comprehending dopant action at the nanoscale poses a formidable challenge to understanding the elementary mechanisms involved. Here, we perform operando infrared nanoimaging of hydrogen-doped correlated perovskite, neodymium nickel oxide (H-NdNiO3, H-NNO), devices and reveal how an applied field perturbs dopant distribution at the nanoscale. This perturbation leads to stripe phases of varying conductivity perpendicular to the applied field, which define the macroscale electrical characteristics of the devices. Hyperspectral nano-FTIR imaging in conjunction with density functional theory calculations unveils a real-space map of multiple vibrational states of H-NNO associated with OH stretching modes and their dependence on the dopant concentration. Moreover, the localization of excess charges induces an out-of-plane lattice expansion in NNO which was confirmed by in situ X-ray diffraction and creates a strain that acts as a barrier against further diffusion. Our results and the techniques presented here hold great potential for the rapidly growing field of memristors and neuromorphic devices wherein nanoscale ion motion is fundamentally responsible for function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Gamage
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sukriti Manna
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Marc Zajac
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Steven Hancock
- Center
for
Simulational Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- School
of
Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sarabpreet Singh
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Mahdi Ghafariasl
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kun Yao
- School
of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tom E. Tiwald
- J.A. Woollam
Co., Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska 68508, United States
| | - Tae Joon Park
- School
of
Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David P. Landau
- Center
for
Simulational Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian K.
R. S. Sankaranarayanan
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern
Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- School
of
Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yohannes Abate
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rondthaler S, Sarker B, Howitz N, Shah I, Andrews LB. Toolbox of Characterized Genetic Parts for Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:103-118. [PMID: 38064657 PMCID: PMC10805105 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important clinical bacterium prevalent in human-associated microbiomes and the cause of many diseases. However, S. aureus has been intractable to synthetic biology approaches due to limited characterized genetic parts for this nonmodel Gram-positive bacterium. Moreover, genetic manipulation of S. aureus has relied on cumbersome and inefficient cloning strategies. Here, we report the first standardized genetic parts toolbox for S. aureus, which includes characterized promoters, ribosome binding sites, terminators, and plasmid replicons from a variety of bacteria for precise control of gene expression. We established a standard relative expression unit (REU) for S. aureus using a plasmid reference and characterized genetic parts in standardized REUs using S. aureus ATCC 12600. We constructed promoter and terminator part plasmids that are compatible with an efficient Type IIS DNA assembly strategy to effectively build multipart DNA constructs. A library of 24 constitutive promoters was built and characterized in S. aureus, which showed a 380-fold activity range. This promoter library was also assayed in Bacillus subtilis (122-fold activity range) to demonstrate the transferability of the constitutive promoters between these Gram-positive bacteria. By applying an iterative design-build-test-learn cycle, we demonstrated the use of our toolbox for the rational design and engineering of a tetracycline sensor in S. aureus using the PXyl-TetO aTc-inducible promoter that achieved 25.8-fold induction. This toolbox greatly expands the growing number of genetic parts for Gram-positive bacteria and will allow researchers to leverage synthetic biology approaches to study and engineer cellular processes in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen
N. Rondthaler
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Biprodev Sarker
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nathaniel Howitz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ishita Shah
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Lauren B. Andrews
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular
and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University
of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Biotechnology
Training Program, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pulliam A, Gier EC, Gaul DA, Moore SG, Fernández FM, LaPlaca MC. Comparing Brain and Blood Lipidome Changes following Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:300-314. [PMID: 38179922 PMCID: PMC10797623 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern in the United States and globally, contributing to disability and long-term neurological problems. Lipid dysregulation after TBI is underexplored, and a better understanding of lipid turnover and degradation could point to novel biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated overlapping lipidome changes in the brain and blood using a data-driven discovery approach to understand lipid alterations in the brain and serum compartments acutely following mild TBI (mTBI) and the potential efflux of brain lipids to peripheral blood. The cortices and sera from male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in both positive and negative ion modes following single and repetitive closed head impacts. The overlapping lipids in the data sets were identified with an in-house data dictionary for investigating lipid class changes. MS-based lipid profiling revealed overall increased changes in the serum compartment, while the brain lipids primarily showed decreased changes. Interestingly, there were prominent alterations in the sphingolipid class in the brain and blood compartments after single and repetitive injury, which may suggest efflux of brain sphingolipids into the blood after TBI. Genetic algorithms were used for predictive panel selection to classify injured and control samples with high sensitivity and specificity. These overlapping lipid panels primarily mapped to the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway with Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted q-values less than 0.05. Collectively, these results detail overlapping lipidome changes following mTBI in the brain and blood compartments, increasing our understanding of TBI-related lipid dysregulation while identifying novel biomarker candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis
N. Pulliam
- Coulter
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Eric C. Gier
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - David A. Gaul
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michelle C. LaPlaca
- Coulter
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Petit
Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kurian V, Gee M, Farrington S, Yang E, Okossi A, Chen L, Beris AN. Systems Engineering Approach to Modeling and Analysis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Part II: Extension for Variable Metabolic Rates. ACS Omega 2024; 9:494-508. [PMID: 38222577 PMCID: PMC10785060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a systems engineering model of the human cardiorespiratory system [Kurian et al. ACS Omega2023, 8 (23), 20524-20535. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00854] based on existing models of physiological processes and adapted it for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-an inflammatory lung disease with multiple manifestations and one of the leading causes of death in the world. This control engineering-based model is extended here to allow for variable metabolic rates established at different levels of physical activity. This required several changes to the original model: the model of the controller was enhanced to include the feedforward loop that is responsible for cardiorespiratory control under varying metabolic rates (activity level, characterized as metabolic equivalent of the task-Rm-and normalized to one at rest). In addition, a few refinements were made to the cardiorespiratory mechanics, primarily to introduce physiological processes that were not modeled earlier but became important at high metabolic rates. The extended model is verified by analyzing the impact of exercise (Rm > 1) on the cardiorespiratory system of healthy individuals. We further formally justify our previously proposed adaptation of the model for COPD patients through sensitivity analysis and refine the parameter tuning through the use of a parallel tempering stochastic global optimization method. The extended model successfully replicates experimentally observed abnormalities in COPD-the drop in arterial oxygen tension and dynamic hyperinflation under high metabolic rates-without being explicitly trained on any related data. It also supports the prospects of remote patient monitoring in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varghese Kurian
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Michelle Gee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Daniel
Baugh Institute of Functional Genomics/Computational Biology, Department
of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas
Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Sean Farrington
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Entao Yang
- American
Air Liquide Inc., Innovation
Campus Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19702, United States
| | - Alphonse Okossi
- American
Air Liquide Inc., Innovation
Campus Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19702, United States
| | - Lucy Chen
- American
Air Liquide Inc., Innovation
Campus Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19702, United States
| | - Antony N. Beris
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Heid E, Greenman KP, Chung Y, Li SC, Graff DE, Vermeire FH, Wu H, Green WH, McGill CJ. Chemprop: A Machine Learning Package for Chemical Property Prediction. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:9-17. [PMID: 38147829 PMCID: PMC10777403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning has become a powerful and frequently employed tool for the prediction of molecular properties, thus creating a need for open-source and versatile software solutions that can be operated by nonexperts. Among the current approaches, directed message-passing neural networks (D-MPNNs) have proven to perform well on a variety of property prediction tasks. The software package Chemprop implements the D-MPNN architecture and offers simple, easy, and fast access to machine-learned molecular properties. Compared to its initial version, we present a multitude of new Chemprop functionalities such as the support of multimolecule properties, reactions, atom/bond-level properties, and spectra. Further, we incorporate various uncertainty quantification and calibration methods along with related metrics as well as pretraining and transfer learning workflows, improved hyperparameter optimization, and other customization options concerning loss functions or atom/bond features. We benchmark D-MPNN models trained using Chemprop with the new reaction, atom-level, and spectra functionality on a variety of property prediction data sets, including MoleculeNet and SAMPL, and observe state-of-the-art performance on the prediction of water-octanol partition coefficients, reaction barrier heights, atomic partial charges, and absorption spectra. Chemprop enables out-of-the-box training of D-MPNN models for a variety of problem settings in fast, user-friendly, and open-source software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Heid
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin P. Greenman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yunsie Chung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shih-Cheng Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - David E. Graff
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Florence H. Vermeire
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haoyang Wu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William H. Green
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles J. McGill
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Thompson JD, Howe D, Griffith EH, Fisher MB. Neo-Natal Castration Leads to Subtle Differences in Porcine Anterior Cruciate Ligament Morphology and Function in Adolescence. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:011002. [PMID: 37831117 PMCID: PMC10680984 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Female adolescent athletes are at a higher risk of tearing their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) than male counterparts. While most work related to hormones has focused on the effects of estrogen to understand the increased risk of ACL injury, there are other understudied factors, including testosterone. The purpose of this study was to determine how surgical castration in the male porcine model influences ACL size and function across skeletal growth. Thirty-six male Yorkshire crossbreed pigs were raised to 3 (juvenile), 4.5 (early adolescent), and 6 months (adolescent) of age. Animals were either castrated (barrows) within 2 weeks after birth or were left intact (boars). Posteuthanasia, joint and ACL size were assessed via MRI, and biomechanics were assessed via a robotic testing system. Joint size increased throughout age, yet barrows had smaller joints than boars. ACL cross-sectional area (CSA), length, volume, and in situ stiffness increased with age, as did the percent contribution of the ACL anteromedial (AM) bundle to resisting loads. Boar ACL, AM bundle, and PL bundle volumes were 19%, 25%, and 15% larger than barrows across ages. However, ACL CSA, in situ stiffness, and bundle contribution were similar between boars and barrows. The barrows had smaller temporal increases in AM bundle function than boars, but these data were highly variable. Early and sustained loss in testosterone leads to subtle differences in ACL morphology but may not influence measures associated with increased injury risk, such as CSA or bundle forces in response to applied loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Thompson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Danielle Howe
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Emily H. Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Matthew B. Fisher
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4130 Engineering Building III, 1840 Entrepreneur Drive, CB 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shapiro J, Post SJ, Smith GC, Wuest WM. Total Synthesis of the Reported Structure of Cahuitamycin A: Insights into an Elusive Natural Product Scaffold. Org Lett 2023; 25:9243-9248. [PMID: 38155597 PMCID: PMC10758118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In a 2016 screen of natural product extracts, a new family of natural products, the cahuitamycins, was discovered and found to inhibit biofilm formation in the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. The proposed molecular structures contained an unusual piperazic acid residue, which piqued interest related to their structure/function and biosynthesis. Herein we disclose the first total synthesis of the proposed structure of cahuitamycin A in a 12-step longest linear sequence and 18% overall yield. Comparison of spectral and biological data of the authentic natural product and synthetic compound revealed inconsistentancies with the isolated metabolite. We therefore executed the diverted total synthesis of three isomeric compounds, which were also found to be disparate from the isolated natural product. This work sets the stage for future synthetic and biochemical investigations of an important class of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin
A. Shapiro
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Savannah J. Post
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Gavin C. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Emory
Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Powers A, Yu HH, Suriana P, Koodli RV, Lu T, Paggi JM, Dror RO. Geometric Deep Learning for Structure-Based Ligand Design. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:2257-2267. [PMID: 38161364 PMCID: PMC10755842 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A pervasive challenge in drug design is determining how to expand a ligand-a small molecule that binds to a target biomolecule-in order to improve various properties of the ligand. Adding single chemical groups, known as fragments, is important for lead optimization tasks, and adding multiple fragments is critical for fragment-based drug design. We have developed a comprehensive framework that uses machine learning and three-dimensional protein-ligand structures to address this challenge. Our method, FRAME, iteratively determines where on a ligand to add fragments, selects fragments to add, and predicts the geometry of the added fragments. On a comprehensive benchmark, FRAME consistently improves predicted affinity and selectivity relative to the initial ligand, while generating molecules with more drug-like chemical properties than docking-based methods currently in widespread use. FRAME learns to accurately describe molecular interactions despite being given no prior information on such interactions. The resulting framework for quality molecular hypothesis generation can be easily incorporated into the workflows of medicinal chemists for diverse tasks, including lead optimization, fragment-based drug discovery, and de novo drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
S. Powers
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Helen H. Yu
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Patricia Suriana
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rohan V. Koodli
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Biomedical
Informatics Program, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joseph M. Paggi
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ron O. Dror
- Department
of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Structural Biology, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Institute
for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ganoe B, Head-Gordon M. Doubles Connected Moments Expansion: A Tractable Approximate Horn-Weinstein Approach for Quantum Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:9187-9201. [PMID: 38051773 PMCID: PMC10753800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio methods based on the second-order and higher connected moments, or cumulants, of a reference function have seen limited use in the determination of correlation energies of chemical systems over the years. Moment-based methods have remained unattractive relative to more ubiquitous methods, such as perturbation theory and coupled cluster theory, due in part to the intractable cost of assembling moments of high-order and poor performance of low-order expansions. Many of the traditional quantum chemical methodologies can be recast as a selective summation of perturbative contributions to their energy; using this familiar structure as a guide in selecting terms, we develop a scheme to approximate connected moments limited to double excitations. The tractable Doubles Connected Moments [DCM(N)] approximation is developed and tested against a multitude of common single-reference methods to determine its efficacy in the determination of the correlation energy of model systems and small molecules. The DCM(N) sequence of energies exhibits smooth convergence toward limiting values in the range of N = 11-14, with compute costs that scale as a noniterative O(M6) with molecule size, M. Numerical tests on correlation energy recovery for 55 small molecules comprising the G1 test set in the cc-pVDZ basis show that DCM(N) strongly outperforms MP2 and even CCD with a Hartree-Fock reference. When using an approximate Brueckner reference from orbital-optimized (oo) MP2, the resulting oo:DCM(N) energies converge to values more accurate than CCSD for 49 of 55 molecules. The qualitative success of the method in regions where strong correlation effects begin to dominate, even while maintaining spin purity, suggests this may be a good starting point in the development of methodologies for the description of strongly correlated or spin-contaminated systems while maintaining a tractable single-reference formalism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Ganoe
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vigil D, Zhang A, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH. Phase Separation, Reaction Equilibrium, and Self-Assembly in Binary Telechelic Homopolymer Blends. Macromolecules 2023; 56:9994-10005. [PMID: 38161325 PMCID: PMC10753893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We study a binary blend of telechelic homopolymers that can form reversible AB-type bonds at the chain ends. Reversibly bonding polymers display novel material properties, including thermal tunability and self-healing, that are not found in conventional covalently bonded polymers. Previous studies of reversibly bonding polymer systems have been limited by the computational demand of accounting for an infinite number of possible reaction products in a spatially inhomogeneous, self-assembled structure. We demonstrate that newly developed theoretical models and numerical methods enable the simultaneous computation of phase equilibrium, reaction equilibrium, and self-assembly via self-consistent field theory. Phase diagrams are computed at a variety of physically relevant conditions and are compared with nonreactive analogues as well as previous experimental studies of telechelic polymer blends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
L. Vigil
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Senthil N, Pacifici N, Cruz-Acuña M, Diener A, Han H, Lewis JS. An Image Processing Algorithm for Facile and Reproducible Quantification of Vomocytosis. Chem Biomed Imaging 2023; 1:831-842. [PMID: 38155727 PMCID: PMC10751783 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Vomocytosis is a process that occurs when internalized fungal pathogens escape from phagocytes without compromising the viability of the pathogen and the host cell. Manual quantification of time-lapse microscopy videos is currently used as the standard to study pathogen behavior and vomocytosis incidence. However, human-driven quantification of vomocytosis (and the closely related phenomenon, exocytosis) is incredibly burdensome, especially when a large volume of cells and interactions needs to be analyzed. In this study, we designed a MATLAB algorithm that measures the extent of colocalization between the phagocyte and fungal cell (Cryptococcus neoformans; CN) and rapidly reports the occurrence of vomocytosis in a high throughput manner. Our code processes multichannel, time-lapse microscopy videos of cocultured CN and immune cells that have each been fluorescently stained with unique dyes and provides quantitative readouts of the spatiotemporally dynamic process that is vomocytosis. This study also explored metrics, such as the rate of change of pathogen colocalization with the host cell, that could potentially be used to predict vomocytosis occurrence based on the quantitative data collected. Ultimately, the algorithm quantifies vomocytosis events and reduces the time for video analysis from over 1 h to just 10 min, a reduction in labor of 83%, while simultaneously minimizing human error. This tool significantly minimizes the vomocytosis analysis pipeline, accelerates our ability to elucidate unstudied aspects of this phenomenon, and expedites our ability to characterize CN strains for the study of their epidemiology and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Senthil
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California − Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Noah Pacifici
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California − Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Melissa Cruz-Acuña
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California − Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Agustina Diener
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California − Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hyunsoo Han
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California − Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jamal S. Lewis
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California − Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- J.
Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Edwards M, Freitas DP, Hirtzel EA, White N, Wang H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Sun Y, Yan X. Interfacial Electromigration for Analysis of Biofluid Lipids in Small Volumes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18557-18563. [PMID: 38050376 PMCID: PMC10862378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important biomarkers within the field of disease diagnostics and can serve as indicators of disease progression and predictors of treatment effectiveness. Although lipids can provide important insight into how diseases initiate and progress, mass spectrometric methods for lipid characterization and profiling are limited due to lipid structural diversity, particularly the presence of various lipid isomers. Moreover, the difficulty of handling small-volume samples exacerbates the intricacies of biological analyses. In this work, we have developed a strategy that electromigrates a thin film of a small-volume biological sample directly to the air-liquid interface formed at the tip of a theta capillary. Importantly, we seamlessly integrated in situ biological lipid extraction with accelerated chemical derivatization, enabled by the air-liquid interface, and conducted isomeric structural characterization within a unified platform utilizing theta capillary nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, all tailored for small-volume sample analysis. We applied this unified platform to the analysis of lipids from small-volume human plasma and Alzheimer's disease mouse serum samples. Accelerated electro-epoxidation of unsaturated lipids at the interface allowed us to characterize lipid double-bond positional isomers. The unique application of electromigration of a thin film to the air-liquid interface in combination with accelerated interfacial reactions holds great potential in small-volume sample analysis for disease diagnosis and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison
E. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas P. Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin A. Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nicholas White
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Breunig S, Quijano JC, Donohue C, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Ku HT, Tirrell DA. Incorporation of Aliphatic Proline Residues into Recombinantly Produced Insulin. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2574-2581. [PMID: 37960878 PMCID: PMC10728891 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Analogs of proline can be used to expand the chemical space about the residue while maintaining its uniquely restricted conformational space. Here, we demonstrate the incorporation of 4R-methylproline, 4S-methylproline, and 4-methyleneproline into recombinant insulin expressed in Escherichia coli. These modified proline residues, introduced at position B28, change the biophysical properties of insulin: Incorporation of 4-methyleneproline at B28 accelerates fibril formation, while 4-methylation speeds dissociation from the pharmaceutically formulated hexamer. This work expands the scope of proline analogs amenable to incorporation into recombinant proteins and demonstrates how noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis can be used to engineer the therapeutically relevant properties of protein drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie
L. Breunig
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Janine C. Quijano
- Department
of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Institute City
of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Cecile Donohue
- Department
of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Institute City
of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59801, United States
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department
of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Institute City
of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Irell &
Manella Graduate School of Biological Science, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United
States
| | - David A. Tirrell
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ong HW, de Silva C, Avalani K, Kwarcinski F, Mansfield CR, Chirgwin M, Truong A, Derbyshire ER, Zutshi R, Drewry DH. Characterization of 2,4-Dianilinopyrimidines Against Five P. falciparum Kinases PfARK1, PfARK3, PfNEK3, PfPK9, and PfPKB. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1774-1784. [PMID: 38116430 PMCID: PMC10726455 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium kinases are increasingly recognized as potential novel antiplasmodial targets for the treatment of malaria, but only a small subset of these kinases have had structure-activity relationship (SAR) campaigns reported. Herein we report the discovery of CZC-54252 (1) as an inhibitor of five P. falciparum kinases PfARK1, PfARK3, PfNEK3, PfPK9, and PfPKB. 39 analogues were evaluated against all five kinases to establish SAR at three regions of the kinase active site. Nanomolar inhibitors of each kinase were discovered. We identified common and divergent SAR trends across all five kinases, highlighting substituents in each region that improve potency and selectivity for each kinase. Potent analogues were evaluated against the P. falciparum blood stage. Eight submicromolar inhibitors were discovered, of which 37 demonstrated potent antiplasmodial activity (EC50 = 0.16 μM). Our results provide an understanding of features needed to inhibit each individual kinase and lay groundwork for future optimization efforts toward novel antimalarials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wee Ong
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chandi de Silva
- Luceome
Biotechnologies, LLC, 1665 East 18th Street, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Krisha Avalani
- Luceome
Biotechnologies, LLC, 1665 East 18th Street, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Frank Kwarcinski
- Luceome
Biotechnologies, LLC, 1665 East 18th Street, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - Christopher R. Mansfield
- Department
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Michael Chirgwin
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Anna Truong
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Emily R. Derbyshire
- Department
of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Reena Zutshi
- Luceome
Biotechnologies, LLC, 1665 East 18th Street, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| | - David H. Drewry
- Structural
Genomics Consortium and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Day EC, Chittari SS, Bogen MP, Knight AS. Navigating the Expansive Landscapes of Soft Materials: A User Guide for High-Throughput Workflows. ACS Polym Au 2023; 3:406-427. [PMID: 38107416 PMCID: PMC10722570 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are highly customizable with tailored structures and functionality, yet this versatility generates challenges in the design of advanced materials due to the size and complexity of the design space. Thus, exploration and optimization of polymer properties using combinatorial libraries has become increasingly common, which requires careful selection of synthetic strategies, characterization techniques, and rapid processing workflows to obtain fundamental principles from these large data sets. Herein, we provide guidelines for strategic design of macromolecule libraries and workflows to efficiently navigate these high-dimensional design spaces. We describe synthetic methods for multiple library sizes and structures as well as characterization methods to rapidly generate data sets, including tools that can be adapted from biological workflows. We further highlight relevant insights from statistics and machine learning to aid in data featurization, representation, and analysis. This Perspective acts as a "user guide" for researchers interested in leveraging high-throughput screening toward the design of multifunctional polymers and predictive modeling of structure-property relationships in soft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew P. Bogen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S. Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Turnley J, Deshmukh SD, Boulos VM, Ellis RG, LiBretto NJ, Liu JKY, Miller JT, Kenttämaa HI, Agrawal R. Molecular Precursor Approach to Sulfur-Free CuInSe 2: Replacing Thiol Coordination in Soluble Metal Complexes. ACS Omega 2023; 8:47262-47270. [PMID: 38107907 PMCID: PMC10719915 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed CuInSe2 films have generally relied on sulfide or sulfoselenide precursor films that, during the grain growth process, hamper the growth of thicker films and lead to the formation of a fine-grain layer. However, recent research has indicated that sulfur reduction in the precursor film modifies the grain growth mechanism and may enable the fabrication of thicker absorbers that are free of any fine-grain layer. In this work, we pursue direct solution deposition of sulfur-free CuInSe2 films from the molecular precursor approach. To this end, we tune the amine-thiol reactive solvent system and study the changes to the resulting soluble complexes through a combination of analytical techniques. We show that by reactively dissolving indium(III) selenide and selenium in solutions of n-butylamine and 1,2-ethanedithiol, a metal thiolate species is formed, and that this metal thiolate can be modified by isolation from the thiol-containing solvent via precipitation. As the quantity of selenium in the ink increases, the thiol content in the complex decreases, eventually producing soluble [InSex]- species. Extending this method to be used with copper selenide as a copper source, molecular precursor inks can be made for solution-processed, sulfur-free CuInSe2 films. We then show that these CuInSe2 precursor films can be fully coarsened without a fine-grain layer formation, even at the desired thicknesses of 2 μm and greater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
W. Turnley
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Swapnil D. Deshmukh
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Victoria M. Boulos
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ryan G. Ellis
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nicole J. LiBretto
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Judy Kuan-Yu Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rakesh Agrawal
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Golden M, Post SJ, Rivera R, Wuest WM. Investigating the Role of Metabolism for Antibiotic Combination Therapies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2386-2393. [PMID: 37938982 PMCID: PMC10714402 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance poses a severe threat to public health; an anticipated 14-fold increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections is expected to occur by 2050. Contrary to antibiotics, combination therapies are the standard of care for antiviral and anticancer treatments, as synergistic drug-drug interactions can decrease dosage and resistance development. In this study, we investigated combination treatments of a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (promysalin) with specific inhibitors of metabolism and efflux alongside a panel of clinically approved antibiotics in synergy studies. Through these investigations, we determined that promysalin can work synergistically with vancomycin and antagonistically with aminoglycosides and a glyoxylate shunt pathway inhibitor at subinhibitory concentrations; however, these cooperative effects do not reduce minimum inhibitory concentrations. The variability of these results underscores the complexity of targeting metabolism for combination therapies in antibiotic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina
M. Golden
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Savannah J. Post
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Renata Rivera
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Emory
Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ireland K, Kayrouz CM, Huang J, Seyedsayamdost MR, Davis KM. Structural Characterization and Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes of SenB, a Se-Glycosyltransferase Involved in Selenoneine Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3337-3342. [PMID: 37966244 PMCID: PMC10702425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that is found naturally in proteins, nucleic acids, and natural products. Unlike selenoproteins and selenonucleic acids, little is known about the structures of biosynthetic enzymes that incorporate Se into small molecules. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of SenB, the first known Se-glycosyltransferase that was recently found to be involved in the biosynthesis of the Se-containing metabolite selenoneine. SenB catalyzes C-Se bond formation using selenophosphate and an activated uridine diphosphate sugar as a Se and glycosyl donor, respectively, making it the first known selenosugar synthase and one of only four bona fide C-Se bond-forming enzymes discovered to date. Our crystal structure, determined to 2.25 Å resolution, reveals that SenB is a type B glycosyltransferase, displaying the prototypical fold with two globular Rossmann-like domains and a catalytic interdomain cleft. By employing complementary structural biology techniques, we find that SenB undergoes both local and global substrate-induced conformational changes, demonstrating a significant increase in α-helicity and a transition to a more compact conformation. Our results provide the first structure of SenB and set the stage for further biochemical characterization in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendra
A. Ireland
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chase M. Kayrouz
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mohammad R. Seyedsayamdost
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Katherine M. Davis
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yu H, Sercel ZP, Rezgui SP, Farhi J, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Total Synthesis of Aleutianamine. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25533-25537. [PMID: 37967164 PMCID: PMC10690800 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Aleutianamine is a recently isolated pyrroloiminoquinone natural product that displays potent and selective biological activity toward human pancreatic cancer cells with an IC50 of 25 nM against PANC-1, making it a potential candidate for therapeutic development. We report a synthetic approach to aleutianamine wherein the unique [3.3.1] ring system and tertiary sulfide of this alkaloid were constructed via a novel palladium-catalyzed dearomative thiophene functionalization. Other highlights of the synthesis include a palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative pinacol-type rearrangement of an allylic carbonate to install a ketone and a late-stage oxidative amination. This concise and convergent strategy will enable access to analogues of aleutianamine and further investigation of the biological activity of this unique natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samir P. Rezgui
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonathan Farhi
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|