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Gamage S, Manna S, Zajac M, Hancock S, Wang Q, Singh S, Ghafariasl M, Yao K, Tiwald TE, Park TJ, Landau DP, Wen H, Sankaranarayanan SKS, Darancet P, Ramanathan S, Abate Y. Infrared Nanoimaging of Hydrogenated Perovskite Nickelate Memristive Devices. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2105-2116. [PMID: 38198599 PMCID: PMC10811663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state devices made from correlated oxides, such as perovskite nickelates, are promising for neuromorphic computing by mimicking biological synaptic function. However, comprehending dopant action at the nanoscale poses a formidable challenge to understanding the elementary mechanisms involved. Here, we perform operando infrared nanoimaging of hydrogen-doped correlated perovskite, neodymium nickel oxide (H-NdNiO3, H-NNO), devices and reveal how an applied field perturbs dopant distribution at the nanoscale. This perturbation leads to stripe phases of varying conductivity perpendicular to the applied field, which define the macroscale electrical characteristics of the devices. Hyperspectral nano-FTIR imaging in conjunction with density functional theory calculations unveils a real-space map of multiple vibrational states of H-NNO associated with OH stretching modes and their dependence on the dopant concentration. Moreover, the localization of excess charges induces an out-of-plane lattice expansion in NNO which was confirmed by in situ X-ray diffraction and creates a strain that acts as a barrier against further diffusion. Our results and the techniques presented here hold great potential for the rapidly growing field of memristors and neuromorphic devices wherein nanoscale ion motion is fundamentally responsible for function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Gamage
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sukriti Manna
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Marc Zajac
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Steven Hancock
- Center
for
Simulational Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- School
of
Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sarabpreet Singh
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Mahdi Ghafariasl
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kun Yao
- School
of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tom E. Tiwald
- J.A. Woollam
Co., Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska 68508, United States
| | - Tae Joon Park
- School
of
Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David P. Landau
- Center
for
Simulational Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian K.
R. S. Sankaranarayanan
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern
Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- School
of
Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yohannes Abate
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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2
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Bisht RS, Park J, Yu H, Wu C, Tilak N, Rangan S, Park TJ, Yuan Y, Das S, Goteti U, Yi HT, Hijazi H, Al-Mahboob A, Sadowski JT, Zhou H, Oh S, Andrei EY, Allen MT, Kuzum D, Frano A, Dynes RC, Ramanathan S. Spatial Interactions in Hydrogenated Perovskite Nickelate Synaptic Networks. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7166-7173. [PMID: 37506183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect of how the brain learns and enables decision-making processes is through synaptic interactions. Electrical transmission and communication in a network of synapses are modulated by extracellular fields generated by ionic chemical gradients. Emulating such spatial interactions in synthetic networks can be of potential use for neuromorphic learning and the hardware implementation of artificial intelligence. Here, we demonstrate that in a network of hydrogen-doped perovskite nickelate devices, electric bias across a single junction can tune the coupling strength between the neighboring cells. Electrical transport measurements and spatially resolved diffraction and nanoprobe X-ray and scanning microwave impedance spectroscopic studies suggest that graded proton distribution in the inhomogeneous medium of hydrogen-doped nickelate film enables this behavior. We further demonstrate signal integration through the coupling of various junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Singh Bisht
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jaeseoung Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Haoming Yu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nikhil Tilak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Sylvie Rangan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tae J Park
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Sarmistha Das
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Uday Goteti
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hee Taek Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hussein Hijazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Abdullah Al-Mahboob
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jerzy T Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Seongshik Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Eva Y Andrei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Monica T Allen
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Duygu Kuzum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alex Frano
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert C Dynes
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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3
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Park TJ, Selcuk K, Zhang HT, Manna S, Batra R, Wang Q, Yu H, Aadit NA, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Zhou H, Camsari KY, Ramanathan S. Efficient Probabilistic Computing with Stochastic Perovskite Nickelates. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8654-8661. [PMID: 36315005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Probabilistic computing has emerged as a viable approach to solve hard optimization problems. Devices with inherent stochasticity can greatly simplify their implementation in electronic hardware. Here, we demonstrate intrinsic stochastic resistance switching controlled via electric fields in perovskite nickelates doped with hydrogen. The ability of hydrogen ions to reside in various metastable configurations in the lattice leads to a distribution of transport gaps. With experimentally characterized p-bits, a shared-synapse p-bit architecture demonstrates highly parallelized and energy-efficient solutions to optimization problems such as integer factorization and Boolean satisfiability. The results introduce perovskite nickelates as scalable potential candidates for probabilistic computing and showcase the potential of light-element dopants in next-generation correlated semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Joon Park
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Kemal Selcuk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Hai-Tian Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Sukriti Manna
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Rohit Batra
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Haoming Yu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Navid Anjum Aadit
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Kerem Y Camsari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California93106, United States
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
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4
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Lee JH, Trier F, Cornelissen T, Preziosi D, Bouzehouane K, Fusil S, Valencia S, Bibes M. Imaging and Harnessing Percolation at the Metal-Insulator Transition of NdNiO 3 Nanogaps. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7801-7805. [PMID: 31584282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Competition between coexisting electronic phases in first-order phase transitions can lead to a sharp change in the resistivity as the material is subjected to small variations in the driving parameter, for example, the temperature. One example of this phenomenon is the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in perovskite rare-earth nickelates. In such systems, reducing the transport measurement area to dimensions comparable to the domain size of insulating and metallic phases around the MIT should strongly influence the shape of the resistance-temperature curve. Here we measure the temperature dependence of the local resistance and the nanoscale domain distribution of NdNiO3 areas between Au contacts gapped by 40-260 nm. We find that a sharp resistance drop appears below the bulk MIT temperature at ∼105 K, with an amplitude inversely scaling with the nanogap width. By using X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, we directly correlate the resistance drop to the emergence and distribution of individual metallic domains at the nanogap. Our observation provides useful insight into percolation at the MIT of rare-earth nickelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Lee
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Felix Trier
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Tom Cornelissen
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Daniele Preziosi
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Karim Bouzehouane
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
| | - Sergio Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91767 Palaiseau , France
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