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Whitfield-Cargile CM, Chung HC, Coleman MC, Cohen ND, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Goldsby JS, Davidson LA, Gaynanova I, Ni Y, Chapkin RS. Integrated analysis of gut metabolome, microbiome, and exfoliome data in an equine model of intestinal injury. Microbiome 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 38622632 PMCID: PMC11017594 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equine gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been described in the context of various diseases. The observed changes, however, have not been linked to host function and therefore it remains unclear how specific changes in the microbiome alter cellular and molecular pathways within the GI tract. Further, non-invasive techniques to examine the host gene expression profile of the GI mucosa have been described in horses but not evaluated in response to interventions. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to (1) profile gene expression and metabolomic changes in an equine model of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal inflammation and (2) apply computational data integration methods to examine host-microbiota interactions. METHODS Twenty horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 10): control (placebo paste) or NSAID (phenylbutazone 4.4 mg/kg orally once daily for 9 days). Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 10 and analyzed with respect to microbiota (16S rDNA gene sequencing), metabolomic (untargeted metabolites), and host exfoliated cell transcriptomic (exfoliome) changes. Data were analyzed and integrated using a variety of computational techniques, and underlying regulatory mechanisms were inferred from features that were commonly identified by all computational approaches. RESULTS Phenylbutazone induced alterations in the microbiota, metabolome, and host transcriptome. Data integration identified correlation of specific bacterial genera with expression of several genes and metabolites that were linked to oxidative stress. Concomitant microbiota and metabolite changes resulted in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response within the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Results of integrative analysis identified an important role for oxidative stress, and subsequent cell signaling responses, in a large animal model of GI inflammation. The computational approaches for combining non-invasive platforms for unbiased assessment of host GI responses (e.g., exfoliomics) with metabolomic and microbiota changes have broad application for the field of gastroenterology. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - H C Chung
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Mathematics & Statistics Department, College of Science, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A M Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Ni
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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2
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Garcia-Villatoro EL, Ufondu A, Callaway ES, Allred K, Safe SH, Chapkin RS, Jayaraman A, Allred CD. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells in the Formation of Colonic Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38563893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00274.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
After birth, the development of secondary lymphoid tissues (SLTs) in the colon is dependent on the expression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in immune cells as a response to the availability of AhR ligands. However, little is known about how AhR activity from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may influence the development of tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs). As organized structures that develop at sites of inflammation or infection during adulthood, TLTs serve as localized centers of adaptive immune responses, and their presence has been associated with the resolution of inflammation and tumorigenesis in the colon. Here, we investigated the effect of the conditional loss of AhR activity in IECs in the formation and immune cell composition of TLTs in a model of acute inflammation. In females, loss of AhR activity in IECs reduced the formation of TLTs without significantly changing disease outcomes nor immune cell composition within TLTs. In males lacking AhR expression in IECs, increased disease activity index, lower expression of functional-IEC genes, increased number of TLTs, increased T-cell density, and lower B- to T-cell ratio was observed. These findings may represent an unfavorable prognosis when exposed to DSS-induced epithelial damage compared to females. Sex and loss of IEC AhR also resulted in changes in microbial populations in the gut. Collectively, these data suggest that the formation of TLTs in the colon is influenced by sex and AhR expression in IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arinzechukwu Ufondu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Evelyn S Callaway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly Allred
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Stephen H Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Clinton D Allred
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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3
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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4
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Heravi G, Liu Z, Herroon M, Wilson A, Fan YY, Jiang Y, Vakeesan N, Tao L, Peng Z, Zhang K, Li J, Chapkin RS, Podgorski I, Liu W. Targeting Fatty Acid Desaturase I Inhibits Renal Cancer Growth Via ATF3-mediated ER Stress Response. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.23.586426. [PMID: 38586033 PMCID: PMC10996531 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.23.586426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, an emerging hallmark of cancer. However, the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) desaturation in persistent ER stress driven by oncogenic abnormalities remains elusive. Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1) is a rate-limiting enzyme controlling the bioproduction of long-chain PUFAs. Our previous research has demonstrated the significant role of FADS1 in cancer survival, especially in kidney cancers. We explored the underlying mechanism in this study. We found that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of the expression of FADS1 effectively inhibits renal cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. The stable knockdown of FADS1 also significantly inhibits tumor formation in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that while FADS1 inhibition induces ER stress, its expression is also augmented by ER-stress inducers. Notably, FADS1-inhibition sensitized cellular response to ER stress inducers, providing evidence of FADS1's role in modulating the ER stress response in cancer cells. We show that, while FADS1 inhibition-induced ER stress leads to activation of ATF3, ATF3-knockdown rescues the FADS1 inhibition-induced ER stress and cell growth suppression. In addition, FADS1 inhibition results in the impaired biosynthesis of nucleotides and decreases the level of UPD-N-Acetylglucosamine, a critical mediator of the unfolded protein response. Our findings suggest that PUFA desaturation is crucial for rescuing cancer cells from persistent ER stress, supporting FADS1 as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Heravi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mackenzie Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alexis Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nivisa Vakeesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zheyun Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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5
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Edwards M, Freitas DP, Hirtzel EA, White N, Wang H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Sun Y, Yan X. Interfacial Electromigration for Analysis of Biofluid Lipids in Small Volumes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18557-18563. [PMID: 38050376 PMCID: PMC10862378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important biomarkers within the field of disease diagnostics and can serve as indicators of disease progression and predictors of treatment effectiveness. Although lipids can provide important insight into how diseases initiate and progress, mass spectrometric methods for lipid characterization and profiling are limited due to lipid structural diversity, particularly the presence of various lipid isomers. Moreover, the difficulty of handling small-volume samples exacerbates the intricacies of biological analyses. In this work, we have developed a strategy that electromigrates a thin film of a small-volume biological sample directly to the air-liquid interface formed at the tip of a theta capillary. Importantly, we seamlessly integrated in situ biological lipid extraction with accelerated chemical derivatization, enabled by the air-liquid interface, and conducted isomeric structural characterization within a unified platform utilizing theta capillary nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, all tailored for small-volume sample analysis. We applied this unified platform to the analysis of lipids from small-volume human plasma and Alzheimer's disease mouse serum samples. Accelerated electro-epoxidation of unsaturated lipids at the interface allowed us to characterize lipid double-bond positional isomers. The unique application of electromigration of a thin film to the air-liquid interface in combination with accelerated interfacial reactions holds great potential in small-volume sample analysis for disease diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison
E. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas P. Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin A. Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nicholas White
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Zhou F, He K, Cai JJ, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Ni Y. A Unified Bayesian Framework for Bi-overlapping-Clustering Multi-omics Data via Sparse Matrix Factorization. Stat Biosci 2023; 15:669-691. [PMID: 38179127 PMCID: PMC10766378 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The advances of modern sequencing techniques have generated an unprecedented amount of multi-omics data which provide great opportunities to quantitatively explore functional genomes from different but complementary perspectives. However, distinct modalities/sequencing technologies generate diverse types of data which greatly complicate statistical modeling because uniquely optimized methods are required for handling each type of data. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for Bayesian nonparametric matrix factorization that infers overlapping bi-clusters for multi-omics data. The proposed method adaptively discretizes different types of observations into common latent states on which cluster structures are built hierarchically. The proposed Bayesian nonparametric method is able to automatically determine the number of clusters. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed method using simulation studies and applications to a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset, a combination of single-cell RNA-sequencing and single-cell ATAC-sequencing dataset, a bulk RNA-sequencing dataset, and a DNA methylation dataset which reveal several interesting findings that are consistent with biological literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Zhou
- Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Kejun He
- Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A &M University, College Station, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A &M University, College Station, USA
| | - Yang Ni
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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7
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Mohankumar K, Wright G, Kumaravel S, Shrestha R, Zhang L, Abdelrahim M, Chapkin RS, Safe S. Bis-indole-derived NR4A1 antagonists inhibit colon tumor and splenic growth and T-cell exhaustion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3985-3999. [PMID: 37847301 PMCID: PMC10700478 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) is overexpressed in exhausted CD8 + T cells and regulates PD-L1 in tumors. This study investigated the effects of potent bis-indole-derived NR4A1 antagonists on reversing T-cell exhaustion and downregulating PD-L1 in colon tumors/cells. NR4A1 antagonists inhibited colon tumor growth and downregulated expression of PD-L1 in mouse colon MC-38-derived tumors and cells. TILs from MC-38 cell-derived colon tumors and splenic lymphocytes exhibited high levels of the T-cell exhaustion markers including PD-1, 2B4, TIM3+ and TIGIT and similar results were observed in the spleen, and these were inhibited by NR4A1 antagonists. In addition, treatment with NR4A1 antagonists induced cytokine activation markers interferon γ, granzyme B and perforin mRNAs and decreased TOX, TOX2 and NFAT in TIL-derived CD8 + T cells. Thus, NR4A1 antagonists decrease NR4A1-dependent pro-oncogenic activity and PD-L1 expression in colon tumors and inhibit NR4A1-dependent T-cell exhaustion in TILs and spleen and represent a novel class of mechanism-based drugs that enhance immune surveillance in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gus Wright
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- TAMU Flow Cytometry Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Subhashree Kumaravel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Institute of Academic Medicine and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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8
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Roitershtein A, Rastegar R, Chapkin RS, Ivanov I. Extinction scenarios in evolutionary processes: a multinomial Wright-Fisher approach. J Math Biol 2023; 87:63. [PMID: 37751048 PMCID: PMC10586398 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-01993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We study a discrete-time multi-type Wright-Fisher population process. The mean-field dynamics of the stochastic process is induced by a general replicator difference equation. We prove several results regarding the asymptotic behavior of the model, focusing on the impact of the mean-field dynamics on it. One of the results is a limit theorem that describes sufficient conditions for an almost certain path to extinction, first eliminating the type which is the least fit at the mean-field equilibrium. The effect is explained by the metastability of the stochastic system, which under the conditions of the theorem spends almost all time before the extinction event in a neighborhood of the equilibrium. In addition to the limit theorems, we propose a maximization principle for a general deterministic replicator dynamics and study its implications for the stochastic model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Rastegar
- Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Houston, TX, 77046, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition - Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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9
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Mlih M, Thiriveedi V, Salinas ML, Rivera-Rodríguez JM, Kim E, Wright RC, Wang X, Landrock KK, Goldsby JS, Mullens DA, Roper J, Karpac J, Chapkin RS. Mutant APC reshapes Wnt signaling plasma membrane nanodomains by altering cholesterol levels via oncogenic β-catenin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4342. [PMID: 37468468 PMCID: PMC10356786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of the Wnt pathway in colon carcinogenesis has been described previously, it has been recently demonstrated that Wnt signaling originates from highly dynamic nano-assemblies at the plasma membrane. However, little is known regarding the role of oncogenic APC in reshaping Wnt nanodomains. This is noteworthy, because oncogenic APC does not act autonomously and requires activation of Wnt effectors upstream of APC to drive aberrant Wnt signaling. Here, we demonstrate the role of oncogenic APC in increasing plasma membrane free cholesterol and rigidity, thereby modulating Wnt signaling hubs. This results in an overactivation of Wnt signaling in the colon. Finally, using the Drosophila sterol auxotroph model, we demonstrate the unique ability of exogenous free cholesterol to disrupt plasma membrane homeostasis and drive Wnt signaling in a wildtype APC background. Collectively, these findings provide a link between oncogenic APC, loss of plasma membrane homeostasis and CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mohamed Mlih
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Venkataramana Thiriveedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael L Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jaileen M Rivera-Rodríguez
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rachel C Wright
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Destiny A Mullens
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- CPRIT Regional Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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10
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Debler RA, Madison CA, Hillbrick L, Gallegos P, Safe S, Chapkin RS, Eitan S. Selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators can act as antidepressants in obese female mice. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:409-419. [PMID: 37084978 PMCID: PMC10561895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese females are more likely to suffer from depression and are also more likely to be resistant to current medications. This study examined the potential antidepressant-like effects of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-napthoic acid (DHNA), a selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator (SAhRM), in obese female mice. METHODS Obesity was established by feeding C57BL/6N female mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 9-10 weeks. Subsequently, mice were subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) or remained unstressed. Daily administration of vehicle or 20 mg/kg DHNA began three weeks prior or on the third week of UCMS. Mice were examined for depression-like behaviors (sucrose preference, forced swim test (FST), splash and tape groom tests), anxiety (open-field test, light/dark test, novelty-induced hypophagia), and cognition (object location recognition, novel object recognition, Morris water maze). RESULTS UCMS did not alter, and DHNA slightly increased, weight gain in HFD-fed females. HFD decreased sucrose preference, increased FST immobility time, but did not alter splash and tape tests' grooming time. UCMS did not have additional effects on sucrose preference. UCMS further increased FST immobility time and decreased splash and tape tests' grooming time; these effects were prevented and reversed by DHNA treatment. HFD did not affect behaviors in the cognitive tests. UCMS impaired spatial learning; this effect was not prevented nor reversed by DHNA. CONCLUSIONS DHNA protected against UCMS-induced depression-like behaviors in HFD-fed female mice. DHNA neither improved nor worsened UCMS-induced impairment of spatial learning. Our findings indicate that DHNA has high potential to act as an antidepressant in obese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roanna A Debler
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Caitlin A Madison
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren Hillbrick
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Paula Gallegos
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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11
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Ma X, Wang X, Xu L, Shi H, Yang H, Landrock KK, Sharma VK, Chapkin RS. Fate and distribution of orally-ingested CeO 2-nanoparticles based on a mouse model: Implication for human health. Soil Environ Health 2023; 1:100017. [PMID: 37830053 PMCID: PMC10568217 DOI: 10.1016/j.seh.2023.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles in agrichemical formula and food products as additives has increased their chances of accumulation in humans via oral intake. Due to their potential toxicity, it is critical to understand their fate and distribution following oral intake. Cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2NP) is commonly used in agriculture and is highly stable in the environment. As such, it has been used as a model chemical to investigate nanoparticle's distribution and clearance. Based on their estimated human exposure levels, 0.15-0.75 mg/kg body weight/day of CeO2NPs with different sizes and surface charges (30-50 nm with negative charge and <25 nm with positive charge) were gavaged into C57BL/6 female mice daily. After 10-d, 50% of mice in each treatment were terminated, with the remaining being gavaged with 0.2 mL of deionized water daily for 7-d. Mouse organ tissues, blood, feces, and urine were collected at termination. At the tested levels, CeO2NPs displayed minimal overt toxicity to the mice, with their accumulation in various organs being negligible. Fecal discharge as the predominant clearance pathway took less than 7-d regardless of charges. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated minimal aggregation of CeO2NPs in the gastrointestinal tract. These findings suggest that nanoparticle additives >25 nm are unlikely to accumulate in mouse organ after oral intake, indicating limited impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Ma
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research in Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Kerstin K. Landrock
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Virender K. Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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12
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Lee M, Upadhyay S, Mariyam F, Martin G, Hailemariam A, Lee K, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS, Lee SO, Safe S. Flavone and Hydroxyflavones Are Ligands That Bind the Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1 (NR4A1). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8152. [PMID: 37175855 PMCID: PMC10179475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently reported that the hydroxyflavones quercetin and kaempferol bind the orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) and act as antagonists in cancer cells and tumors, and they inhibit pro-oncogenic NR4A1-regulated genes and pathways. In this study, we investigated the interactions of flavone, six hydroxyflavones, seven dihydroxyflavones, three trihydroxyflavones, two tetrahydroxyflavones, and one pentahydroxyflavone with the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of NR4A1 using direct-binding fluorescence and an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays. Flavone and the hydroxyflavones bound NR4A1, and their KD values ranged from 0.36 µM for 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (galangin) to 45.8 µM for 3'-hydroxyflavone. KD values determined using ITC and KD values for most (15/20) of the hydroxyflavones were decreased compared to those obtained using the fluorescence assay. The results of binding, transactivation and receptor-ligand modeling assays showed that KD values, transactivation data and docking scores for these compounds are highly variable with respect to the number and position of the hydroxyl groups on the flavone backbone structure, suggesting that hydroxyflavones are selective NR4A1 modulators. Nevertheless, the data show that hydroxyflavone-based neutraceuticals are NR4A1 ligands and that some of these compounds can now be repurposed and used to target sub-populations of patients that overexpress NR4A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Srijana Upadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Fuada Mariyam
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Greg Martin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Amanuel Hailemariam
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.L.); (S.U.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (A.H.)
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13
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Yang Y, Li G, Zhong Y, Xu Q, Lin YT, Roman-Vicharra C, Chapkin RS, Cai JJ. scTenifoldXct: A semi-supervised method for predicting cell-cell interactions and mapping cellular communication graphs. Cell Syst 2023; 14:302-311.e4. [PMID: 36787742 PMCID: PMC10121998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We present scTenifoldXct, a semi-supervised computational tool for detecting ligand-receptor (LR)-mediated cell-cell interactions and mapping cellular communication graphs. Our method is based on manifold alignment, using LR pairs as inter-data correspondences to embed ligand and receptor genes expressed in interacting cells into a unified latent space. Neural networks are employed to minimize the distance between corresponding genes while preserving the structure of gene regression networks. We apply scTenifoldXct to real datasets for testing and demonstrate that our method detects interactions with high consistency compared with other methods. More importantly, scTenifoldXct uncovers weak but biologically relevant interactions overlooked by other methods. We also demonstrate how scTenifoldXct can be used to compare different samples, such as healthy vs. diseased and wild type vs. knockout, to identify differential interactions, thereby revealing functional implications associated with changes in cellular communication status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guanxun Li
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yu-Te Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cristhian Roman-Vicharra
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and the Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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14
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Allred KF, Garcia-Villatoro EL, DeLuca J, Tepe V, Bomstein Z, Ufondu A, Safe SH, Chapkin RS, Jayaraman A, Allred CD. Abstract 3443: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its ligands influence the formation of colonic tertiary lymphoid tissues. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: In the large intestine, tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) serve as localized centers of adaptive immune responses. These structures often form in response to inflammation and infection during adulthood. However, more recently TLTs have become a focal point of colon caner development and progression as their presence is often associated with positive clinical outcomes. Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) influences the development of secondary lymphoid tissues, but minimal studies have focused on its role in TLT formation. The purpose of the presented studies was to test the hypothesis that activation of AhR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induces the formation of TLTs in the colon.
Methods: Wild type (WT) and IEC-specific AhR knockout (CDX2PCreT2 x AhRf/f- iAhRKO) mice were used in several different experimental models. In the first study, azoxymethane (AOM) was used to induce precancerous lesions in the colon and TLT formation was evaluated in the presence and absence of AhR. Then, experiments were conducted to determine the necessity of AhR expression in IECs to influence the formation of TLTs following induction of acute inflammation induced by Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure. Finally, the ability of known, naturally occurring and microbial-derived AhR ligands (indole-3-aldehyde (I3A), 3,3ʹ-diindolylmethane (DIM), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) were tested for their ability to induce TLT formation in the colon. Intestinal permeability (FITC-Dextran), expression of IEC-associated genes (real-time qPCR), and TLT formation/composition (H&E staining/Immunofluorescence) were evaluated.
Results: Results from the first study demonstrated that IEC-specific AhR KO mice exposed to AOM developed significantly fewer TLTs when compared to WT controls, while expression of Il-22 and other chemokines involved in TLT formation were also significantly downregulated. In the acute inflammation study, sex specific results were found. In females, loss of AhR activity in IECs reduced the formation of TLTs without significant changes in immune cell composition within their TLTs. Conversely, in males, loss of AhR lowered expression of functional-IEC genes (Ocln, Il-22), increased number of TLTs, increased T-cell density, and lower B: T cell ratio. Finally, in the other experiments, I3A induced TLT formation and DIM promoted intestinal barrier integrity through the upregulation of various tight junction genes and genes involved in the signaling associated with TLT formation. Evaluation of IAA which is a microbial-derived, AhR ligand is ongoing.
Conclusion: These data indicate that AhR plays a distinct role in the formation of TLTs in the colon and these effects are likely ligand specific and may have a significant effect on colon tumor formation.
Citation Format: Kimberly F. Allred, Erika L. Garcia-Villatoro, Jennifer DeLuca, Victoria Tepe, Zachary Bomstein, Arinzechukwu Ufondu, Stephen H. Safe, Robert S. Chapkin, Arul Jayaraman, Clinton D. Allred. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its ligands influence the formation of colonic tertiary lymphoid tissues [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3443.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victoria Tepe
- 1University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
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Safe S, Han H, Jayaraman A, Davidson LA, Allred CD, Ivanov I, Yang Y, Cai JJ, Chapkin RS. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling in Colonic Cells and Tumors. Receptors (Basel) 2023; 2:93-99. [PMID: 38651159 PMCID: PMC11034912 DOI: 10.3390/receptors2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in many tumor types and exhibits tumor-specific tumor promoter and tumor suppressor-like activity. In colon cancer, most but not all studies suggest that the AhR exhibits tumor suppressor activity which is enhanced by AhR ligands acting as agonists. Our studies investigated the role of the AhR in colon tumorigenesis using wild-type and AhR-knockout mice, the inflammation model of colon tumorigenesis using mice treated with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and APCS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mice all of which form intestinal tumors. The effects of tissue-specific AhR loss in the intestine of the tumor-forming mice on colonic stem cells, organoid-initiating capacity, colon tumor formation and mechanisms of AhR-mediated effects were investigated. Loss of AhR enhanced stem cell and tumor growth and in the AOM/DSS model AhR-dependent suppression of FOXM1 and downstream genes was important for AhR-dependent anticancer activity. Furthermore, the effectiveness of interleukin-22 (IL22) in colonic epithelial cells was also dependent on AhR expression. IL22 induced phosphorylation of STAT3, inhibited colonic organoid growth, promoted colonic cell proliferation in vivo and enhanced DNA repair in AOM/DSS-induced tumors. In this mouse model, the AhR suppressed SOCS3 expression and enhanced IL22-mediated activation of STAT3, whereas the loss of the AhR increased levels of SOCS3 which in turn inhibited IL22-induced STAT3 activation. In the APCS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mouse model, the loss of the AhR enhanced Wnt signaling and colon carcinogenesis. Results in both mouse models of colon carcinogenesis were complemented by single cell transcriptomics on colonic intestinal crypts which also showed that AhR deletion promoted expression of FOXM1-regulated genes in multiple colonic cell subtypes. These results support the role of the AhR as a tumor suppressor-like gene in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Clinton D. Allred
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Madison CA, Hillbrick L, Kuempel J, Albrecht GL, Landrock KK, Safe S, Chapkin RS, Eitan S. Intestinal epithelium aryl hydrocarbon receptor is involved in stress sensitivity and maintaining depressive symptoms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114256. [PMID: 36528169 PMCID: PMC9839636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a key regulator in the microbiome-gut-brain axis, and AhR-active microbial metabolites modulate multiple neuronal responses. We recently demonstrated that 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), two selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs), act as antidepressants in female mice. Thus, to examine the role of intestinal AhR in depression, anxiety, and spatial learning, this study employed transgenic mice in which the AhR was knockout only in the intestinal epithelium (AhRΔIEC). Additionally, this study examined whether the antidepressant effects of dietary DIM and DHNA is mediated by intestinal AhR. AhRΔIEC and WT female mice were fed daily with vehicle, 20 mg/kg DIM or DHNA for three weeks prior to four weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Mice were examined for weight gain, anhedonia-like behavior (sucrose preference test), anxiety levels (open field, light/dark, elevated plus maze, novelty-induced hypophagia, and marble burying tests), and spatial learning (Morris water maze). UCMS reduced weight gain in AhRΔIECs, but not WTs. Moreover, UCMS initially reduced sucrose preference in both AhRΔIECs and WTs, but over 4 weeks of UCMS, AhRΔIECs develop resilience to UCMS-induced anhedonia. Additionally, AhRΔIECs exhibit slightly reduced anxiety in certain tests and faster spatial learning. DIM and DHNA acted as antidepressants in both AhRΔIECs and WTs. Thus, this study suggests that intestinal AhR plays differential roles, mitigating stress effects on weight gain, and increasing stress effects on mood. However, the site of antidepressant action of SAhRMs, such as DIM and DHNA, is not dependent on the expression of intestinal AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Madison
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren Hillbrick
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jacob Kuempel
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Georgia Lee Albrecht
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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17
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McLeod A, Wolf P, Chapkin RS, Davidson LA, Ivanov I, Berbaum M, Williams LR, Gaskins HR, Ridlon J, Sanchez-Flack J, Blumstein L, Schiffer L, Hamm A, Cares K, Antonic M, Bernabe BP, Fitzgibbon M, Tussing-Humphreys L. Design of the Building Research in CRC prevention (BRIDGE-CRC) trial: a 6-month, parallel group Mediterranean diet and weight loss randomized controlled lifestyle intervention targeting the bile acid-gut microbiome axis to reduce colorectal cancer risk among African American/Black adults with obesity. Trials 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 36793105 PMCID: PMC9930092 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all racial/ethnic groups, people who identify as African American/Blacks have the second highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the USA. This disparity may exist because African American/Blacks, compared to other racial/ethnic groups, have a higher prevalence of risk factors for CRC, including obesity, low fiber consumption, and higher intakes of fat and animal protein. One unexplored, underlying mechanism of this relationship is the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. High saturated fat, low fiber diets, and obesity lead to increases in tumor promoting secondary bile acids. Diets high in fiber, such as a Mediterranean diet, and intentional weight loss may reduce CRC risk by modulating the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of a Mediterranean diet alone, weight loss alone, or both, compared to typical diet controls on the bile acid-gut microbiome axis and CRC risk factors among African American/Blacks with obesity. Because weight loss or a Mediterranean diet alone can reduce CRC risk, we hypothesize that weight loss plus a Mediterranean diet will reduce CRC risk the most. METHODS This randomized controlled lifestyle intervention will randomize 192 African American/Blacks with obesity, aged 45-75 years to one of four arms: Mediterranean diet, weight loss, weight loss plus Mediterranean diet, or typical diet controls, for 6 months (48 per arm). Data will be collected at baseline, mid-study, and study end. Primary outcomes include total circulating and fecal bile acids, taurine-conjugated bile acids, and deoxycholic acid. Secondary outcomes include body weight, body composition, dietary change, physical activity, metabolic risk, circulating cytokines, gut microbial community structure and composition, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and expression levels of genes from exfoliated intestinal cells linked to carcinogenesis. DISCUSSION This study will be the first randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a Mediterranean diet, weight loss, or both on bile acid metabolism, the gut microbiome, and intestinal epithelial genes associated with carcinogenesis. This approach to CRC risk reduction may be especially important among African American/Blacks given their higher risk factor profile and increased CRC incidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04753359 . Registered on 15 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McLeod
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Patricia Wolf
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ,grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Michael Berbaum
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lauren R. Williams
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Mile Square Health Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jason Ridlon
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jen Sanchez-Flack
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lara Blumstein
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Linda Schiffer
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alyshia Hamm
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kate Cares
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mirjana Antonic
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Beatriz Penalver Bernabe
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marian Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA. .,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Sveeggen TM, Abbey CA, Smith RL, Salinas ML, Chapkin RS, Bayless KJ. Annexin A2 modulates phospholipid membrane composition upstream of Arp2 to control angiogenic sprout initiation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22715. [PMID: 36527391 PMCID: PMC10586062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201088r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intersection of protein and lipid biology is of growing importance for understanding how cells address structural challenges during adhesion and migration. While protein complexes engaged with the cytoskeleton play a vital role, support from the phospholipid membrane is crucial for directing localization and assembly of key protein complexes. During angiogenesis, dramatic cellular remodeling is necessary for endothelial cells to shift from a stable monolayer to invasive structures. However, the molecular dynamics between lipids and proteins during endothelial invasion are not defined. Here, we utilized cell culture, immunofluorescence, and lipidomic analyses to identify a novel role for the membrane binding protein Annexin A2 (ANXA2) in modulating the composition of specific membrane lipids necessary for cortical F-actin organization and adherens junction stabilization. In the absence of ANXA2, there is disorganized cortical F-actin, reduced junctional Arp2, excess sprout initiation, and ultimately failed sprout maturation. Furthermore, we observed reduced filipin III labeling of membrane cholesterol in cells with reduced ANXA2, suggesting there is an alteration in phospholipid membrane dynamics. Lipidomic analyses revealed that 42 lipid species were altered with loss of ANXA2, including an accumulation of phosphatidylcholine (16:0_16:0). We found that supplementation of phosphatidylcholine (16:0_16:0) in wild-type endothelial cells mimicked the ANXA2 knock-down phenotype, indicating that ANXA2 regulated the phospholipid membrane upstream of Arp2 recruitment and organization of cortical F-actin. Altogether, these data indicate a novel role for ANXA2 in coordinating events at endothelial junctions needed to initiate sprouting and show that proper lipid modulation is a critical component of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Sveeggen
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas, Bryan, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Munoz-Vega M, Erazo-Oliveras A, Salinas ML, Wang X, Goldsby JSS, Chapkin RS. Abstract P016: Endomembranes accumulate unesterified cholesterol in Apc mutant models and humans with CRC as assessed by RNAseq and confocal microscopy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-p016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Increased rates of cholesterol synthesis have been recognized as an important aspect of the metabolism of transformed cells. However, precisely how cholesterol dysmetabolism affects membrane homeostasis is not yet fully understood. Since free cholesterol can be transported from the plasma membrane to other organelles in a dynamic and bidirectional fashion, there is an urgent need to determine to what extent endomembranes are affected by driver oncogene-mediated distortions in cholesterol homeostasis. Aim: Determine if cholesterol is increased in endomembranes, relative to the plasma membrane in Apc mutant cell lines and primary Apc null mouse colonocytes amd CRC samples. Methods: Three mouse epithelial isogenic wild type and mutant Apc colonic cell lines (YAMC (Apc +/+), IMCE (Apc +/-), IMCE βcat (Apc +/- + ΔN89 βcat) were used. In addition, primary colonocytes from Apc wildtype and null mice were examined. mRNA was sequenced using a TruSeq Illumina Stranded mRNA kit. Data analysis was conducted as follows: EdgeR was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Human CRC RNAseq data was obtained from a public reservoir and analyzed. A gene target list (~ 290 genes) related to organelle cholesterol transport was subsequently queried. Membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosomes were assessed using fluorescent probes: ERTracker, MitoTracker and LysoTracker, respectively. Cells were fixed and stained with Filipin III and imaged using confocal microscopy. Fluorescence colocalization was calculated and statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA. Results: Apc mutant colonocyte cell lines and Apc null mouse models and human CRC samples exhibited differential expression of cholesterol trafficking genes including Acaa1b, Acaa2, Pcsk9, Stard5. Genes related to mitochondrial cholesterol metabolism, transport, and accumulation, e.g., Tspo, Ppargc1a and Cyp27a, were also found differentially expressed in the three models. Imaging experiments revealed that mitochondrial cholesterol was 17% higher in IMCE and IMCE βcat cell lines. Lysosomal cholesterol was 21% higher in IMCE cells. ER cholesterol levels were unaffected. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings indicate dysregulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal unesterified cholesterol levels in colonocytes expressing mutant APC.
Citation Format: Monica Munoz-Vega, Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras, Michael L. Salinas, Xiaoli Wang, Jennifer S. S Goldsby, Robert S. Chapkin. Endomembranes accumulate unesterified cholesterol in Apc mutant models and humans with CRC as assessed by RNAseq and confocal microscopy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P016.
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20
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Mlih M, Muñoz-Vega M, Kim E, Thiriveedi V, Salinas ML, Wang X, Roper J, Karpac J, Chapkin RS. Abstract P014: A novel role of mutant APC and n3-PUFA in reshaping cholesterol-dependent Wnt pathway-associated proteolipid nanocluster organization and signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.precprev22-p014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer in the U.S., and it is estimated it will account for an alarming 151,030 (8%) of new total cancer cases and 52,580 (9%) of total cancer deaths in 2022. Remarkably, dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway has been linked to ~90% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. The vast majority (>80%) of sporadic CRC cases display mutations in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), a central Wnt signaling regulator. Loss of APC function causes aberrant stabilization of β-catenin (βcat), a crucial step in CRC initiation. Notably, attempts towards “drugging” this pathway still poses multiple hurdles due to poor tumor cell targeting, negative side effects associated with required long-term treatments and poorly understood mechanisms of action. Consequently, there is an urgent need to gather additional mechanistic insights associated with the Wnt pathway to develop novel therapeutic approaches. With respect to Wnt biology, two key plasma membrane receptors, LRP5/6 and Frizzled (Fzd) require lipid raft localization and nanoclustering for efficient signaling. Interestingly, various effectors that disrupt raft dynamics, alter LRP5/6-Fzd clustering, leading to reduced βcat stabilization. Thus, we examined the effect of mutant APC (mAPC) on plasma membrane lipid/protein-mediated interactions of Wnt-associated effectors in a CRC mouse model, human mAPC-expressing organoids and cell lines, and Drosophila. We show for the first time that mAPC significantly increased the levels of plasma membrane free cholesterol, a major component of lipid rafts known to selectively activate canonical Wnt signaling, in the intestinal epithelium including Lgr5+ colonic stem cells. Moreover, this change in plasma membrane cholesterol was associated with alterations in colonocyte membrane rigidity and raft organization. We subsequently examined the effect of mAPC on the interactions between Wnt signaling receptors/effectors in mAPC-expressing cell lines. mAPC significantly increased LRP6 and Fzd7 homo-clustering and LRP6-Fzd7 hetero-clustering as well as their interactions with key lipids, e.g., PIP2, resulting in the enhancement of Wnt signaling activation. Interestingly, the effects of mAPC were recapitulated by the addition of exogenous cholesterol to wild type colonocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA), i.e., DHA and EPA, reduces mAPC-driven colonic polyp formation in mice in part by reducing plasma membrane cholesterol, rigidity and LRP6-Fzd7 clustering in colonocytes. Collectively, these findings indicate that mAPC can directly perturb lipid homeostasis in the colon, thereby altering raft stability, LRP6-Fzd7 membrane nanoclusters and downstream Wnt signaling and supports the feasibility of using membrane therapy, i.e., dietary/drug-related strategies to target plasma membrane lipid composition, to reduce Wnt signaling and cancer risk.
Citation Format: Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras, Mohamed Mlih, Mónica Muñoz-Vega, Eunjoo Kim, Venkat Thiriveedi, Michael L. Salinas, Xiaoli Wang, Jatin Roper, Jason Karpac, Robert S. Chapkin. A novel role of mutant APC and n3-PUFA in reshaping cholesterol-dependent Wnt pathway-associated proteolipid nanocluster organization and signaling in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eunjoo Kim
- 2University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO,
| | | | | | | | - Jatin Roper
- 3Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Madison CA, Debler RA, Vardeleon NI, Hillbrick L, Jayaraman A, Safe S, Chapkin RS, Eitan S. Sex-dependent differences in the stress mitigating and antidepressant effects of selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:213-220. [PMID: 36206882 PMCID: PMC10391660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent study demonstrated that selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulators (SAhRMs), such as 1,4-dihydroxy-2-napthoic acid (DHNA) act as antidepressants in female mice. Given that some effects of certain SAhRMs are known to also be mediated via estrogen receptor signaling, this study examined whether the effects of SAhRMs on mood, emotional state, and cognition are sex-dependent. METHODS C57BL/6N mice were fed with vehicle or 20 mg/kg DHNA for three weeks prior to four weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Mice were examined for depression-like behaviors (sucrose preference, forced swim test (FST), splash test, tape groom test), emotional state (open-field test, light/dark test, marble burying, novelty-induced hypophagia, elevated-plus maze), and cognition (object location recognition, novel object recognition, Morris water maze). RESULTS In females, UCMS decreased sucrose preference and increased FST immobility time; both effects were prevented by DHNA. In males, UCMS increased FST immobility time, and increased the latency to groom in the splash test. These effects were not mitigated by DHNA. However, in males, UCMS induced an increase in novelty-induced locomotion, an increase in the time spent in the light compartment in the L/D test, and an increase in the time spent with an object in a novel location. These effects were prevented by DHNA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that DHNA has high potential to act as antidepressants in females. However, given classical interpretation, DHNA did not appear to act as an antidepressant in males. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that DHNA can mitigate stress effects and reactivity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Madison
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Roanna A Debler
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nathan I Vardeleon
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren Hillbrick
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA.
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22
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Schoeller A, Karki K, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS, Safe S. Short chain fatty acids exhibit selective estrogen receptor downregulator (SERD) activity in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3422-3436. [PMID: 35968335 PMCID: PMC9360213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early stage estrogen receptor α (ERα, ESR1)-positive breast cancer patients can develop more aggressive endocrine-resistant tumors that express constitutively active mutant forms of ERα including ERα-Y537S and ERα-D538G. These patients are treated with selective ER down regulators (SERDs) such as the ERα antagonist fulvestrant. Previous studies show that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors downregulate ERα and since some dietary derived short chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate and acetate) exhibit HDAC inhibitory activity we investigated their effects as SERDs in MCF-7 and T47D cells expressing wild-type and mutant ERα-D538G and ERα-Y537S. The SCFAs exhibited SERD-like activity in both cell lines expressing wild-type and mutant ERα. The results for propionate and butyrate correlated with parallel induction of histone acetylation and this was also observed for the HDAC inhibitors Panobinostat, Vorinostat and Entinostat which also downregulated wild-type and mutant ERα and induced histone acetylation. Although acetate induced ERα degradation the mechanisms may be independent of the HDAC inhibitory activity of this compound. These results suggest that high fibre diets that induce formation of SCFAs may have some clinical efficacy for treating ER-positive endocrine resistant breast cancer patients and this is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Schoeller
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Keshav Karki
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843, USA
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23
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Madison CA, Kuempel J, Albrecht GL, Hillbrick L, Jayaraman A, Safe S, Chapkin RS, Eitan S. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid prevent chronic mild stress induced depressive-like behaviors in female mice. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:201-210. [PMID: 35461819 PMCID: PMC9153281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current pharmaceutical treatments for depression are sometimes ineffective and may have unwanted side effects that interfere with patient compliance. This study examined the potential antidepressant-like effects of dietary- and microbial-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) and 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1,4-DHNA). METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) or were unstressed. For three weeks prior to UCMS mice were fed daily with vehicle or 20 mg/kg DIM, 1,4-DHNA or AhR-inactive isomer 3,7-DHNA; another group was subjected to two weeks UCMS before ligand administration began. Mice were examined for anhedonia-like behavior as measured by the sucrose preference test. Additionally, anxiety levels of the mice were examined before UCMS and ligand administration began and at the end in the open field, light/dark, elevated plus maze, novelty-induced hypophagia, and marble burying tests. At the end of the experiment they were also examined in the Morris water maze (MWM) task. RESULTS Both DIM and 1,4-DHNA, but not 3,7-DHNA, successfully prevented and reversed UCMS-induced anhedonia-like behavior. Furthermore, both DIM and DHNA had little to no effect on anxiety levels and did not induce spatial learning deficits. LIMITATIONS Additional studies are required to determine to what degree the antidepressant-like effects of DIM and 1,4-DHNA can be attributed to their activities as AhR ligands. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that dietary and microbial-derived AhR ligands may have clinical applications as potential antidepressants. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the role of AhR in depression-like states and the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Madison
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jacob Kuempel
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Georgia Lee Albrecht
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren Hillbrick
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 4235 TAMU, TX 77843, USA.
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Park H, Jin UH, Martin G, Chapkin RS, Davidson LA, Lee K, Jayaraman A, Safe S. Structure-activity relationships among mono- and dihydroxy flavones as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists or antagonists in CACO2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mohankumar K, Wright G, Kumaravel S, Shrestha R, Zhang L, Abdelrahim M, Chapkin RS, Safe S. Abstract 236: Nuclear receptor 4A1 ligands target T-cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly complex disease with multiple risk factors. The orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is overexpressed in several cancers and is a negative prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. Previous reports indicate a potential role for overexpression of NR4A1 in T-cell exhaustion and in this study, we aim to investigate the antitumorigenic activity of two bis-indole derived ligands (DIMs) that act as receptor antagonists. Immune competent C57BL/6 mice and mouse MC-38 colon cancer cells were used and tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) were isolated from mice either untreated or treated with CDIM/NR4A1 antagonists. FACS analysis and Real -Time PCR were performed to determine expression of exhaustion markers in these tumor T-cell population. 1,1-Bis(3΄-indolyl)-1-(3-bromo-5-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)methane (DIM-3-Br-5-OCF3) and the 3,5-dichlorophenyl analog (DIM-3,5-Cl2) at doses of 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg/d inhibited tumor growth and downregulated expression of PD-L1, an NR4A1-regulated gene in MC-38 - derived tumors and cells. The mouse MC-38 colon cancer cell line was used in a syngeneic mouse model of colon cancer and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from MC-38 cell-derived colon tumors exhibited multiple markers of T-cell exhaustion in both CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells. Lymphocytes from an enlarged spleen in these tumor-bearing animals also exhibited markers of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell exhaustion. Analysis of CD8+ cells from TILs showed that treatment with the NR4A1 antagonists modulated expression of several genes associated with T-cell exhaustion namely a decrease in TOX, TOX2 and NFAT mRNAs, activation of T-Bet. The percentage of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells from tumors and spleen expressing PD-1, 2B4 and TIGIT was decreased in the treated vs control mice and TIM3 expression was also decreased in CD8+ (tumors and spleen) and CD4+ (tumors) T-cells. These findings suggest that NR4A1 antagonists are highly effective as anticancer agents in this mouse syngeneic colon tumor model by inactivating the pro-oncogenic activities of NR4A1 in tumors and by remediating NR4A1-regulated T-cell exhaustion in tumor and splenic lymphocytes.
Citation Format: Kumaravel Mohankumar, Gus Wright, Subhashree Kumaravel, Rupesh Shrestha, Lei Zhang, Maen Abdelrahim, Robert S. Chapkin, Stephen Safe. Nuclear receptor 4A1 ligands target T-cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 236.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gus Wright
- 1Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- 1Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Turner ND, Chapkin RS. Biography of Joanne R Lupton (1944-2020). J Nutr 2022; 152:914-916. [PMID: 35091750 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Turner
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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27
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Osorio D, Zhong Y, Li G, Xu Q, Yang Y, Tian Y, Chapkin RS, Huang JZ, Cai JJ. scTenifoldKnk: An efficient virtual knockout tool for gene function predictions via single-cell gene regulatory network perturbation. Patterns (N Y) 2022; 3:100434. [PMID: 35510185 PMCID: PMC9058914 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene knockout (KO) experiments are a proven, powerful approach for studying gene function. However, systematic KO experiments targeting a large number of genes are usually prohibitive due to the limit of experimental and animal resources. Here, we present scTenifoldKnk, an efficient virtual KO tool that enables systematic KO investigation of gene function using data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). In scTenifoldKnk analysis, a gene regulatory network (GRN) is first constructed from scRNA-seq data of wild-type samples, and a target gene is then virtually deleted from the constructed GRN. Manifold alignment is used to align the resulting reduced GRN to the original GRN to identify differentially regulated genes, which are used to infer target gene functions in analyzed cells. We demonstrate that the scTenifoldKnk-based virtual KO analysis recapitulates the main findings of real-animal KO experiments and recovers the expected functions of genes in relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osorio
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guanxun Li
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jianhua Z. Huang
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Han H, Davidson LA, Fan YY, Landrock KK, Jayaraman A, Safe SH, Chapkin RS. Loss of aryl hydrocarbon receptor suppresses the response of colonic epithelial cells to IL22 signaling by upregulating SOCS3. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G93-G106. [PMID: 34755534 PMCID: PMC8714253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00074.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IL22 signaling plays an important role in maintaining gastrointestinal epithelial barrier function, cell proliferation, and protection of intestinal stem cells from genotoxicants. Emerging studies indicate that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, promotes production of IL22 in gut immune cells. However, it remains to be determined if AhR signaling can also affect the responsiveness of colonic epithelial cells to IL22. Here, we show that IL22 treatment induces the phosphorylation of STAT3, inhibits colonic organoid growth, and promotes colonic cell proliferation in vivo. Notably, intestinal cell-specific AhR knockout (KO) reduces responsiveness to IL22 and compromises DNA damage response after exposure to carcinogen, in part due to the enhancement of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression. Deletion of SOCS3 increases levels of pSTAT3 in AhR KO organoids, and phenocopies the effects of IL22 treatment on wild-type (WT) organoid growth. In addition, pSTAT3 levels are inversely associated with increased azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis in AhR KO mice. These findings indicate that AhR function is required for optimal IL22 signaling in colonic epithelial cells and provide rationale for targeting AhR as a means of reducing colon cancer risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY AhR is a key transcription factor controlling expression of IL22 in gut immune cells. In this study, we show for the first time that AhR signaling also regulates IL22 response in colonic epithelial cells by modulating SOCS3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen H Safe
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Zhao D, Farnell MB, Kogut MH, Genovese KJ, Chapkin RS, Davidson LA, Berghman LR, Farnell YZ. From crypts to enteroids: establishment and characterization of avian intestinal organoids. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101642. [PMID: 35016046 PMCID: PMC8749297 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids (IO), known as “mini-guts”, derived from intestinal crypts, are self-organizing three-dimensional (3D) multicellular ex vivo models that recapitulate intestine epithelial structure and function and have been widely used for studying intestinal physiology, pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, and intestinal disease in mammals. However, studies on avian IO are limited and the development of long-term cultures of IO model for poultry research is lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to generate crypt-derived organoids from chicken intestines and to optimize conditions for cell growth and enrichments, passages, and cryopreservation. Crypts were collected from the small intestines of birds at embryonic d-19 and ceca from layer and broiler chickens with ages ranging from d 1 to 20 wk, embedded in a basement membrane matrix, and cultured with organoid growth media (OGM) prepared in house. The crypt-derived organoids were successfully grown and propagated to form 3D spheres like structures that were cultured for up to 3 wk. Organoids were formed on d one, budding appeared on d 3, and robust budding was observed on d 7 and beyond. For cryopreservation, dissociated organoids were resuspended in a freezing medium. The characteristics of IO upon extended passages and freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, immunoblotting, and live cell imaging. Immunoblotting and RT-PCR using E-cadherin (the marker for epithelial cells), leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5, the marker for stem cells), chromogranin A (the marker for enteroendocrine cells), lysozyme (the marker for Paneth cells), and mucin (the biomarker for goblet cells) confirmed that IO were composed of heterogeneous cell populations, including epithelial cells, stem cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells, and goblet cells. Furthermore, OGM supplemented with both valproic acid and CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, increased the size of the avian IO (P < 0.001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report for establishing long-term, organoid culture models from small intestines and ceca of layer and broiler chickens. This model will facilitate elucidation of the mechanisms impacting host-pathogen interactions, eventually leading to the discovery of pathogen intervention strategies in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Morgan B Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Kenneth J Genovese
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Luc R Berghman
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843
| | - Yuhua Z Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
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Yang Y, Osorio D, Davidson LA, Han H, Mullens DA, Jayaraman A, Safe S, Ivanov I, Cai JJ, Chapkin RS. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals How the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Shapes Cellular Differentiation Potency in the Mouse Colon. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 15:17-28. [PMID: 34815312 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent progress recognizing the importance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-dependent signaling in suppressing colon tumorigenesis, its role in regulating colonic crypt homeostasis remains unclear. To assess the effects of Ahr on intestinal epithelial cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes, we utilized single-cell transcriptomics and advanced analytic strategies to generate a high-quality atlas for colonic intestinal crypts from wild-type and intestinal-specific Ahr knockout mice. Here we observed the promotive effects of Ahr deletion on Foxm1-regulated genes in crypt-associated canonical epithelial cell types and subtypes of goblet cells and deep crypt-secretory cells. We also show that intestinal Ahr deletion elevated single-cell entropy (a measure of differentiation potency or cell stemness) and RNA velocity length (a measure of the rate of cell differentiation) in noncycling and cycling Lgr5+ stem cells. In general, intercellular signaling cross-talk via soluble and membrane-bound factors was perturbed in Ahr-null colonocytes. Taken together, our single-cell RNA sequencing analyses provide new evidence of the molecular function of Ahr in modulating putative stem cell driver genes, cell potency lineage decisions, and cell-cell communication in vivo. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Our mouse single-cell RNA sequencing analyses provide new evidence of the molecular function of Ahr in modulating colonic stemness and cell-cell communication in vivo. From a cancer prevention perspective, Ahr should be considered a therapeutic target to recalibrate remodeling of the intestinal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Yang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Daniel Osorio
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Destiny A Mullens
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. .,Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor that binds structurally diverse ligands and senses cues from environmental toxicants and physiologically relevant dietary/microbiota-derived ligands. The AhR is an ancient conserved protein and is widely expressed across different tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. AhR signaling mediates a wide range of cellular functions in a ligand-, cell type-, species-, and context-specific manner. Dysregulation of AhR signaling is linked to many developmental defects and chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of AhR signaling in mediating bidirectional host-microbiome interactions. We also consider evidence showing the potential for the dietary/microbial enhancement ofhealth-promoting AhR ligands to improve clinical pathway management in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Petrov ME, Jiao N, Panchanathan SS, Reifsnider E, Coonrod DV, Liu L, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Gu H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Whisner CM. Protocol of the Snuggle Bug/Acurrucadito Study: a longitudinal study investigating the influences of sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiome development in infancy on rapid weight gain, an early risk factor for obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:374. [PMID: 34465311 PMCID: PMC8405858 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, obesity, and associated comorbidities are a pressing global issue among children of all ages, particularly among low-income populations. Rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of infancy contributes to childhood obesity. Suboptimal sleep-wake patterns and gut microbiota (GM) have also been associated with childhood obesity, but little is known about their influences on early infant RWG. Sleep may alter the GM and infant metabolism, and ultimately impact obesity; however, data on the interaction between sleep-wake patterns and GM development on infant growth are scarce. In this study, we aim to investigate associations of infant sleep-wake patterns and GM development with RWG at 6 months and weight gain at 12 months. We also aim to evaluate whether temporal interactions exist between infant sleep-wake patterns and GM, and if these relations influence RWG. METHODS The Snuggle Bug/ Acurrucadito study is an observational, longitudinal study investigating whether 24-h, actigraphy-assessed, sleep-wake patterns and GM development are associated with RWG among infants in their first year. Based on the Ecological Model of Growth, we propose a novel conceptual framework to incorporate sleep-wake patterns and the GM as metabolic contributors for RWG in the context of maternal-infant interactions, and familial and socio-physical environments. In total, 192 mother-infant pairs will be recruited, and sleep-wake patterns and GM development assessed at 3 and 8 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Covariates including maternal and child characteristics, family and environmental factors, feeding practices and dietary intake of infants and mothers, and stool-derived metabolome and exfoliome data will be assessed. The study will apply machine learning techniques combined with logistic time-varying effect models to capture infant growth and aid in elucidating the dynamic associations between study variables and RWG. DISCUSSION Repeated, valid, and objective assessment at clinically and developmentally meaningful intervals will provide robust measures of longitudinal sleep, GM, and growth. Project findings will provide evidence for future interventions to prevent RWG in infancy and subsequent obesity. The work also may spur the development of evidence-based guidelines to address modifiable factors that influence sleep-wake and GM development and prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Nana Jiao
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarada S Panchanathan
- Valleywise Comprehensive Health Center - Phoenix (Pediatric Clinic), 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reifsnider
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd Street, Suite 301, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Dean V Coonrod
- Valleywise Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2525 E. Roosevelt St., Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave BDA230B, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, PO Box 875701, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, 2253 TAMU, 112 Cater-Mattil, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd. Street, Suite 501, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Chapkin RS, Davidson LA, Park H, Jin UH, Fan YY, Cheng Y, Hensel ME, Landrock KK, Allred C, Menon R, Klemashevich C, Jayaraman A, Safe S. Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Mediating the Effects of Coffee in the Colon. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100539. [PMID: 34406707 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the mechanism of action and functional effects of coffee extracts in colonic cells, on intestinal stem cell growth, and inhibition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal barrier damage in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Aqueous coffee extracts induced Ah receptor (AhR) -responsive CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 gene expression in colon-derived Caco2 and YAMC cells. Tissue-specific AhR knockout (AhRf/f x Lgr5-GFP-CreERT2 x Villin-Cre), wild-type (Lgr5-CreERT2 x Villin-Cre) mice are sources of stem cell enriched organoids and both coffee extracts and norharman, an AhR-active component of these extracts inhibited stem cell growth. Coffee extracts also inhibit DSS-induced damage to intestinal barrier function and DSS-induced mucosal inflammatory genes such as IL-6 and TGF-β1 in wild-type (AhR+/+ ) but not AhR-/- mice. In contrast, coffee does not exhibit protective effects in intestinal-specific AhR knockout mice. Coffee extracts also enhanced overall formation of AhR-active microbial metabolites. CONCLUSIONS In colon-derived cells and in the mouse intestine, coffee induced several AhR-dependent responses including gene expression, inhibition of intestinal stem cell-enriched organoid growth, and inhibition of DSS-induced intestinal barrier damage. We conclude that the anti-inflammatory effects of coffee in the intestine are due, in part, to activation of AhR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Chapkin
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry & Biophysics Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry & Biophysics Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hyejin Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry & Biophysics Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yating Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Martha E Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry & Biophysics Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Clinton Allred
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry & Biophysics Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rani Menon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cory Klemashevich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Lee JH, Fang C, Li X, Wu CS, Noh JY, Ye X, Chapkin RS, Sun K, Sun Y. GHS-R suppression in adipose tissues protects against obesity and insulin resistance by regulating adipose angiogenesis and fibrosis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1565-1575. [PMID: 33903722 PMCID: PMC8238886 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that increases food intake, adiposity, and insulin resistance through its receptor Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R). We previously showed that ghrelin/GHS-R signaling has important roles in regulation of energy homeostasis, and global deletion of GHS-R reduces obesity and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing thermogenesis. However, it is unknown whether GHS-R regulates thermogenic activation in adipose tissues directly. METHODS We generated a novel adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion mouse model and characterized the mice under regular diet (RD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Body composition was measured by Echo MRI. Metabolic profiling was determined by indirect calorimetry. Response to environmental stress was assessed using a TH-8 temperature monitoring system. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Tissue histology was analyzed by hematoxylin/eosin and immunofluorescent staining. Expression of genes involved in thermogenesis, angiogenesis and fibrosis in adipose tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Under RD feeding, adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion had little or no impact on metabolic parameters. However, under HFD feeding, adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion attenuated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, showing elevated physical activity and heat production. In addition, adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion increased expression of master adipose transcription regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ1 and adipokines of adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21; and differentially modulated angiogenesis and fibrosis evident in both gene expression and histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in adipocytes, and suppression of GHS-R in adipose tissues protects against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by modulating adipose angiogenesis and fibrosis. These findings suggest adipose GHS-R may constitute a novel therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Chuo Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Chia Shan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,Correspondence to: Yuxiang Sun, Mailing address: Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 214C Cater-Mattil; 2253 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843. Phone: 979-862-9143;
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Yoon G, Davidson LA, Goldsby JS, Mullens DA, Ivanov I, Donovan SM, Chapkin RS. Exfoliated epithelial cell transcriptome reflects both small and large intestinal cell signatures in piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G41-G51. [PMID: 33949197 PMCID: PMC8321797 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing intestinal development and host-microbe interactions in healthy human infants requires noninvasive approaches. We have shown that the transcriptome of exfoliated epithelial cells in feces can differentiate breast-fed and formula-fed infants and term and preterm infants. However, it is not fully understood which regions of the intestine that the exfoliated cells represent. Herein, the transcriptional profiles of exfoliated cells with that of the ileal and colonic mucosa were compared. We hypothesized that exfoliated cells in the distal colon would reflect mucosal signatures of more proximal regions of the gut. Two-day-old piglets (n = 8) were fed formulas for 20 days. Luminal contents and mucosa were collected from ileum (IL), ascending colon (AC), and descending (DC) colon, and mRNA was extracted and sequenced. On average, ∼13,000 genes were mapped in mucosal tissues and ∼10,000 in luminal contents. The intersection of detected genes between three mucosa regions and DC exfoliome indicated an approximately 99% overlap. On average, 49% of the genes in IL, AC, and DC mucosa were present in the AC and DC exfoliome. Genes expressed predominantly in specific anatomic sites (stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon) were detectable in exfoliated cells. In addition, gene markers for all intestinal epithelial cell types were expressed in the exfoliome representing a diverse array of cell types arising from both the small and large intestine. Genes were mapped to nutrient absorption and transport and immune function. Thus, the exfoliome represents a robust reservoir of information in which to assess intestinal development and responses to dietary interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The transcriptome of exfoliated epithelial cells in stool contain gene signatures from both small and large intestinal mucosa affording a noninvasive approach to assess gut health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yoon
- 1Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jennifer S. Goldsby
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Destiny A. Mullens
- 3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- 5Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Fuentes NR, Salinas ML, Wang X, Fan YY, Chapkin RS. Assessment of Plasma Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Fluidity Using Imaging Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2262:251-258. [PMID: 33977481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid fatty acid (FA) composition influences the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane and plays an important role in cellular signaling. Our previous work has demonstrated that plasma membrane fatty acid composition is an important determinant of oncogenic Ras signaling and that dietary (exogenous) modulation of membrane composition may underlie the chemoprotective benefits of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In this chapter, we describe in vitro methods to modulate membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition of cultured cells using fatty acids complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Furthermore, we describe a method to quantify the biophysical properties of plasma membranes in live cells using Di-4-ANEPPDHQ (Di4) and image-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad R Fuentes
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael L Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Athinarayanan S, Fan YY, Wang X, Callaway E, Cai D, Chalasani N, Chapkin RS, Liu W. Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Influences Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis by Modulating the PPARα-FGF21 Axis. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:461-477. [PMID: 33681679 PMCID: PMC7917273 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), also known as delta-5 desaturase (D5D), is one of the rate-limiting enzymes involved in the desaturation and elongation cascade of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs). Reduced function of D5D and decreased hepatic FADS1 expression, as well as low levels of LC-PUFAs, were associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the causal role of D5D in hepatic lipid homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that down-regulation of FADS1 increases susceptibility to hepatic lipid accumulation. We used in vitro and in vivo models to test this hypothesis and to delineate the molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of reduced FADS1 function. Our study demonstrated that FADS1 knockdown significantly reduced cellular levels of LC-PUFAs and increased lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation in HepG2 cells. The lipid accumulation was associated with significant alterations in multiple pathways involved in lipid homeostasis, especially fatty acid oxidation. These effects were demonstrated to be mediated by the reduced function of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis, which can be reversed by treatment with docosahexaenoic acid, PPARα agonist, or FGF21. In vivo, FADS1-knockout mice fed with high-fat diet developed increased hepatic steatosis as compared with their wild-type littermates. Molecular analyses of the mouse liver tissue largely corroborated the observations in vitro, especially along with reduced protein expression of PPARα and FGF21. Conclusion: Collectively, these results suggest that dysregulation in FADS1 alters liver lipid homeostasis in the liver by down-regulating the PPARα-FGF21 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaminie Athinarayanan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Evelyn Callaway
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Defeng Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA.,Texas A&M Center for Environmental Health ResearchTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA.,Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA.,Department of PharmacologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
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38
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Park H, Jin UH, Karki K, Allred C, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Orr AA, Nowshad F, Jayaraman A, Tamamis P, Safe S. Hydroxylated Chalcones as Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists: Structure-Activity Effects. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:148-159. [PMID: 33263770 PMCID: PMC7916741 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylated chalcones are phytochemicals which are biosynthetic precursors of flavonoids and their 1,3-diaryl-prop-2-en-1-one structure is used as a scaffold for drug development. In this study, the structure-dependent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-responsive CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 genes was investigated in Caco2 colon cancer cells and in non-transformed young adult mouse colonocytes (YAMC) cells. The effects of a series of di- and trihydroxychalcones as AhR agonists was structure dependent with maximal induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 in Caco2 cells observed for compounds containing 2,2'-dihydroxy substituents and this included 2,2'-dihydroxy-, 2,2',4'-trihydroxy-, and 2,2',5'-trihydroxychalcones. In contrast, 2',4,5'-, 2'3',4'-, 2',4,4'-trihydroxy, and 2',3-, 2',4-, 2',4'-, and 2',5-dihydroxychalcones exhibited low to non-detectable AhR activity in Caco2 cells. In addition, all of the hydroxychalcones exhibited minimal to non-detectable activity in YAMC cells, whereas 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 in Caco2 and YAMC cells. The activity of AhR-active chalcones was confirmed by determining their effects in AhR-deficient Caco2 cells. In addition, 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone induced CYP1A1 protein and formation of an AhR-DNA complex in an in vitro assay. Simulation and modeling studies of hydroxylated chalcones confirmed their interactions with the AhR ligand-binding domain and were consistent with their structure-dependent activity as AhR ligands. Thus, this study identifies hydroxylated chalcones as AhR agonists with potential for these phytochemicals to impact AhR-mediated colonic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Keshav Karki
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Clinton Allred
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Biophysics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Biophysics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Biophysics, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Asuka A Orr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Farrhin Nowshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Phanourios Tamamis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Zhou F, He K, Li Q, Chapkin RS, Ni Y. Bayesian biclustering for microbial metagenomic sequencing data via multinomial matrix factorization. Biostatistics 2021; 23:891-909. [PMID: 33634824 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technology provides unprecedented opportunities to quantitatively explore human gut microbiome and its relation to diseases. Microbiome data are compositional, sparse, noisy, and heterogeneous, which pose serious challenges for statistical modeling. We propose an identifiable Bayesian multinomial matrix factorization model to infer overlapping clusters on both microbes and hosts. The proposed method represents the observed over-dispersed zero-inflated count matrix as Dirichlet-multinomial mixtures on which latent cluster structures are built hierarchically. Under the Bayesian framework, the number of clusters is automatically determined and available information from a taxonomic rank tree of microbes is naturally incorporated, which greatly improves the interpretability of our findings. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach by comparing to alternative methods in simulations. An application to a human gut microbiome data set involving patients with inflammatory bowel disease reveals interesting clusters, which contain bacteria families Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae that are known to be related to the inflammatory bowel disease and its subtypes according to biological literature. Our findings can help generate potential hypotheses for future investigation of the heterogeneity of the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Zhou
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA and Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kejun He
- Center for Applied Statistics, Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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40
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Han H, Davidson LA, Hensel M, Yoon G, Landrock K, Allred C, Jayaraman A, Ivanov I, Safe SH, Chapkin RS. Loss of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promotes Colon Tumorigenesis in ApcS580/+; KrasG12D/+ Mice. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:771-783. [PMID: 33495399 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mutational genetic landscape of colorectal cancer has been extensively characterized; however, the ability of "cooperation response genes" to modulate the function of cancer "driver" genes remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, in modulating oncogenic cues in the colon. We show that intestinal epithelial cell-targeted AhR knockout (KO) promotes the expansion and clonogenic capacity of colonic stem/progenitor cells harboring ApcS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mutations by upregulating Wnt signaling. The loss of AhR in the gut epithelium increased cell proliferation, reduced mouse survival rate, and promoted cecum and colon tumorigenesis in mice. Mechanistically, the antagonism of Wnt signaling induced by Lgr5 haploinsufficiency attenuated the effects of AhR KO on cecum and colon tumorigenesis. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings reveal that AhR signaling plays a protective role in genetically induced colon tumorigenesis at least by suppressing Wnt signaling and provides rationale for the AhR as a therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martha Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kerstin Landrock
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Clinton Allred
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen H Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS, Howard M, Mohankumar K, Shrestha R. Flavonoids: structure-function and mechanisms of action and opportunities for drug development. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:147-162. [PMID: 33868973 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals produced in fruits, nuts and vegetables and dietary consumption of these structurally diverse compounds is associated with multiple health benefits including increased lifespan, decreased cardiovascular problems and low rates of metabolic diseases. Preclinical studies with individual flavonoids demonstrate that these compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and they enhance the immune system. Their effectiveness in both chemoprevention and chemotherapy is associated with their targeting of multiple genes/pathways including nuclear receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors. However, despite the remarkable preclinical activities of flavonoids, their clinical applications have been limited and this is due, in part, to problems in drug delivery and poor bioavailability and these problems are being addressed. Further improvements that will expand clinical applications of flavonoids include mechanism-based precision medicine approaches which will identify critical mechanisms of action of individual flavonoids with optimal activities that can be used in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Marcell Howard
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Abstract
Purpose of review Intestinal stem cells, the most rapidly proliferating adult stem cells, are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic dietary factors. Uncontrolled regulation of intestinal stem cells is closely linked to colon tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how dietary and microbial derived cues regulate intestinal stem cell functionality and colon tumorigenesis in mouse models by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recent findings AhR, a ligand activated transcription factor, can integrate environmental, dietary and microbial cues to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation, differentiation and their microenvironment, affecting colon cancer risk. Modulation of AhR activity is associated with many chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases where AhR expression is protective. Summary AhR signaling controls the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, influences local niche factors, and plays a protective role in colon tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that extrinsic nutritional/dietary cues which modulate AhR signaling may be a promising approach to colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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Kuklinski EJ, Hom MM, Ying GS, Lin MC, Chapkin RS, Jones R, Moser A, Kim KY, Maguire MG, Asbell PA. Associations Between Systemic Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels With Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms at Baseline in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 47:2-7. [PMID: 32097181 PMCID: PMC7483206 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation is used to treat systemic inflammatory diseases, but the role of n-3 in the pathophysiology and therapy of dry eye disease (DED) is not definitive. We evaluated the relationship of systemic n-3 levels with signs and symptoms at baseline in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study. METHODS Blood samples from participants at baseline were analyzed for n-3 and n-6, measured as relative percentage by weight among all fatty acids in erythrocytes. Symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Signs including conjunctival staining, corneal staining, tear breakup time (TBUT), and Schirmer's test with anesthesia were also evaluated. RESULTS There was no correlation between the systemic n-3 levels and DED symptoms. When the associations with signs of DED were assessed, lower DHA levels were associated with higher conjunctival staining, with mean scores of 3.31, 2.96, and 2.82 for low, medium, and high levels of DHA, respectively (linear trend P=0.007). None of the other signs were associated with DHA or the other measures of n-3. CONCLUSION Previous studies have found varying results on the role of n-3 supplementation with the signs and symptoms of DED. Among patients with DED enrolled in the DREAM Study, lower systemic n-3 levels were not associated with worse symptoms and most signs of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Kuklinski
- Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Meng C. Lin
- Clinical Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Richard Jones
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ann Moser
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ka Yeun Kim
- Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maureen G. Maguire
- Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Penny A. Asbell
- Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States
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Yang F, DeLuca JAA, Menon R, Garcia-Vilarato E, Callaway E, Landrock KK, Lee K, Safe SH, Chapkin RS, Allred CD, Jayaraman A. Effect of diet and intestinal AhR expression on fecal microbiome and metabolomic profiles. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:219. [PMID: 33256731 PMCID: PMC7708923 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, loss of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression and their modification of the gut microbiota community composition and its metabolites affect the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the concordance between fecal microbiota composition and the fecal metabolome is poorly understood. Mice with specific AhR deletion (AhRKO) in intestinal epithelial cell and their wild-type littermates were fed a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet. Shifts in the fecal microbiome and metabolome associated with diet and loss of AhR expression were assessed. Microbiome and metabolome data were integrated to identify specific microbial taxa that contributed to the observed metabolite shifts. RESULTS Our analysis shows that diet has a more pronounced effect on mouse fecal microbiota composition than the impact of the loss of AhR. In contrast, metabolomic analysis showed that the loss of AhR in intestinal epithelial cells had a more pronounced effect on metabolite profile compared to diet. Integration analysis of microbiome and metabolome identified unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae, and Akkermansia as key contributors to the synthesis and/or utilization of tryptophan metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Akkermansia are likely to contribute to the synthesis and/or degradation of tryptophan metabolites. Our study highlights the use of multi-omic analysis to investigate the relationship between the microbiome and metabolome and identifies possible taxa that can be targeted to manipulate the microbiome for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Rani Menon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Callaway
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Stephen H Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Clinton D Allred
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Han H, Davidson LA, Fan Y, Goldsby JS, Yoon G, Jin U, Wright GA, Landrock KK, Weeks BR, Wright RC, Allred CD, Jayaraman A, Ivanov I, Roper J, Safe SH, Chapkin RS. Loss of aryl hydrocarbon receptor potentiates FoxM1 signaling to enhance self-renewal of colonic stem and progenitor cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104319. [PMID: 32915464 PMCID: PMC7527924 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor that senses xenobiotics, diet, and gut microbial-derived metabolites, is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of intestinal biology. However, its effects on the function of colonic stem and progenitor cells remain largely unexplored. Here, we observed that inducible deletion of AhR in Lgr5+ stem cells increases the percentage of colonic stem cells and enhances organoid initiating capacity and growth of sorted stem and progenitor cells, while AhR activation has the opposite effect. Moreover, intestinal-specific AhR knockout increases basal stem cell and crypt injury-induced cell proliferation and promotes colon tumorigenesis in a preclinical colitis-associated tumor model by upregulating FoxM1 signaling. Mechanistically, AhR transcriptionally suppresses FoxM1 expression. Activation of AhR in human organoids recapitulates phenotypes observed in mice, such as reduction in the percentage of colonic stem cells, promotion of stem cell differentiation, and attenuation of FoxM1 signaling. These findings indicate that the AhR-FoxM1 axis, at least in part, mediates colonic stem/progenitor cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Yang‐Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of StatisticsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Un‐Ho Jin
- Veterinary Physiology and PharmacologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Gus A Wright
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Bradley R Weeks
- Department of Veterinary PathobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Rachel C Wright
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | | | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Veterinary Physiology and PharmacologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
| | - Stephen H Safe
- Veterinary Physiology and PharmacologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex DiseasesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA,Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and structurally related halogenated aromatics modulate gene expression and induce biochemical and toxic responses that are mediated by initial binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The AhR also binds structurally diverse compound including pharmaceuticals, endogenous biochemicals, health-promoting phytochemicals, and microbial metabolites. Many of these AhR ligands do not induce TCDD-like toxic responses and some AhR ligands such as microbial metabolites of tryptophan play a role in maintaining gut health and protecting against intestinal inflammation and cancer. Many AhR ligands exhibit tissue- and response-specific AhR agonist or antagonist activities, and act as selective AhR modulators (SAhRMs) and this SAhRM-like activity has also been observed in AhR-ligand-mediated effects in the intestine. This review summarizes studies showing that several AhR ligands including phytochemicals and TCDD protect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced intestinal inflammation. In contrast, AhR ligands such as oxazole compounds enhance intestinal inflammation suggesting that AhR-mediated gut health can be enhanced or decreased by selective AhR modulators and this needs to be considered in development of AhR ligands for therapeutic applications in treating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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47
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Navarro SL, Levy L, Curtis KR, Elkon I, Kahsai OJ, Ammar HS, Randolph TW, Hong NN, Carnevale Neto F, Raftery D, Chapkin RS, Lampe JW, Hullar MAJ. Effect of a Flaxseed Lignan Intervention on Circulating Bile Acids in a Placebo-Controlled Randomized, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1837. [PMID: 32575611 PMCID: PMC7374341 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lignans and their microbial metabolites, e.g., enterolactone (ENL), may affect bile acid (BA) metabolism through interaction with hepatic receptors. We evaluated the effects of a flaxseed lignan extract (50 mg/day secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) compared to a placebo for 60 days each on plasma BA concentrations in 46 healthy men and women (20-45 years) using samples from a completed randomized, crossover intervention. Twenty BA species were measured in fasting plasma using LC-MS. ENL was measured in 24-h urines by GC-MS. We tested for (a) effects of the intervention on BA concentrations overall and stratified by ENL excretion; and (b) cross-sectional associations between plasma BA and ENL. We also explored the overlap in bacterial metabolism at the genus level and conducted in vitro anaerobic incubations of stool with lignan substrate to identify genes that are enriched in response to lignan metabolism. There were no intervention effects, overall or stratified by ENL at FDR < 0.05. In the cross-sectional analysis, irrespective of treatment, five secondary BAs were associated with ENL excretion (FDR < 0.05). In vitro analyses showed positive associations between ENL production and bacterial gene expression of the bile acid-inducible gene cluster and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. These data suggest overlap in community bacterial metabolism of secondary BA and ENL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi L. Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Lisa Levy
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Keith R. Curtis
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Isaac Elkon
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Orsalem J. Kahsai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Hamza S. Ammar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Timothy W. Randolph
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Natalie N. Hong
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.N.H.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.N.H.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (N.N.H.); (F.C.N.)
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
| | - Meredith A. J. Hullar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (L.L.); (K.R.C.); (I.E.); (O.J.K.); (H.S.A.); (T.W.R.); (D.R.); (J.W.L.); (M.A.J.H.)
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48
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Coleman MC, Whitfield-Cargile C, Cohen ND, Goldsby JL, Davidson L, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Eades S, Ing N, Chapkin RS. Non-invasive evaluation of the equine gastrointestinal mucosal transcriptome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229797. [PMID: 32176710 PMCID: PMC7075554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract can be challenging in all species, but is especially difficult in horses due to their size and length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Isolation of mRNA of cells exfoliated from the GI mucosa into feces (i.e., the exfoliome) offers a novel means of non-invasively examining the gene expression profile of the GI mucosa. This approach has been utilized in people with colorectal cancer. Moreover, we have utilized this approach in a murine model of GI inflammation and demonstrated that the exfoliome reflects the tissue transcriptome. The ability of the equine exfoliome to provide non-invasive information regarding the health and function of the GI tract is not known. The objective of this study was to characterize the gene expression profile found in exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells from normal horses and compare the exfoliome data with the tissue mucosal transcriptome. Mucosal samples were collected from standardized locations along the GI tract (i.e. ileum, cecum, right dorsal colon, and rectum) from four healthy horses immediately following euthanasia. Voided feces were also collected. RNA isolation, library preparation, and RNA sequencing was performed on fecal and intestinal mucosal samples. Comparison of gene expression profiles from the tissue and exfoliome revealed correlation of gene expression. Moreover, the exfoliome contained reads representing the diverse array of cell types found in the GI mucosa suggesting the equine exfoliome serves as a non-invasive means of examining the global gene expression pattern of the equine GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Canaan Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Noah D. Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States America
| | - Laurie Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States America
| | - Ana M. Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan Eades
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nancy Ing
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States America
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49
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Levental KR, Malmberg E, Symons JL, Fan YY, Chapkin RS, Ernst R, Levental I. Lipidomic and biophysical homeostasis of mammalian membranes counteracts dietary lipid perturbations to maintain cellular fitness. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1339. [PMID: 32165635 PMCID: PMC7067841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper membrane physiology requires maintenance of biophysical properties, which must be buffered from external perturbations. While homeostatic adaptation of membrane fluidity to temperature variation is a ubiquitous feature of ectothermic organisms, such responsive membrane adaptation to external inputs has not been directly observed in mammals. Here, we report that challenging mammalian membranes by dietary lipids leads to robust lipidomic remodeling to preserve membrane physical properties. Specifically, exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into membrane lipids, inducing a reduction in membrane packing. These effects are rapidly compensated both in culture and in vivo by lipidome-wide remodeling, most notably upregulation of saturated lipids and cholesterol, resulting in recovery of membrane packing and permeability. Abrogation of this response results in cytotoxicity when membrane homeostasis is challenged by dietary lipids. These results reveal an essential mammalian mechanism for membrane homeostasis wherein lipidome remodeling in response to dietary lipid inputs preserves functional membrane phenotypes. Proper membrane physiology requires maintenance of a narrow range of physicochemical properties, which must be buffered from external perturbations. Here, authors report lipidomic remodeling to preserve membrane physical properties upon exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eric Malmberg
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Symons
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert Ernst
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Bresalier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
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