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Levental KR, Henry WS. Lipidomes define immune cell identity. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:516-518. [PMID: 38589530 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Whitney S Henry
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Henry WS, Müller S, Yang JS, Innes-Gold S, Das S, Reinhardt F, Sigmund K, Phadnis VV, Wan Z, Eaton E, Sampaio JL, Bell GW, Viravalli A, Hammond PT, Kamm RD, Cohen AE, Boehnke N, Hsu VW, Levental KR, Rodriguez R, Weinberg RA. Ether lipids influence cancer cell fate by modulating iron uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585922. [PMID: 38562716 PMCID: PMC10983928 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cell fate has been widely ascribed to mutational changes within protein-coding genes associated with tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In contrast, the mechanisms through which the biophysical properties of membrane lipids influence cancer cell survival, dedifferentiation and metastasis have received little scrutiny. Here, we report that cancer cells endowed with a high metastatic ability and cancer stem cell-like traits employ ether lipids to maintain low membrane tension and high membrane fluidity. Using genetic approaches and lipid reconstitution assays, we show that these ether lipid-regulated biophysical properties permit non-clathrin-mediated iron endocytosis via CD44, leading directly to significant increases in intracellular redox-active iron and enhanced ferroptosis susceptibility. Using a combination of in vitro three-dimensional microvascular network systems and in vivo animal models, we show that loss of ether lipids also strongly attenuates extravasation, metastatic burden and cancer stemness. These findings illuminate a mechanism whereby ether lipids in carcinoma cells serve as key regulators of malignant progression while conferring a unique vulnerability that can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S Henry
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jia-Shu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Innes-Gold
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sunny Das
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kim Sigmund
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vaishnavi V Phadnis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Dept. of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elinor Eaton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julio L Sampaio
- Institut Curie, INSERM, Mines ParisTech, Paris 75005, France
| | - George W Bell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amartya Viravalli
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Senior author
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Senior author
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Dept. of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Senior author
| | - Natalie Boehnke
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Senior author
| | - Victor W Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Dept. of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Senior author
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Senior author
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris 75005, France
- Senior author
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Dept. of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Senior author
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3
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Shurer CR, Levental KR. Membranes get in shape: Biophysics of curving bilayers. Biophys J 2024; 123:273-276. [PMID: 38219739 PMCID: PMC10870166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane curvature is ubiquitous and essential in cell biology. Curved membranes have several distinct features, including specific protein and lipid sorting, distinct lipid ordering, and changes in transbilayer stress. Curvature also interplays with membrane tension to generate forces that change membrane shape. This research highlight summarizes recent contributions to this topic published in Biophysical Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Shurer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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4
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. bioRxiv 2024:2023.04.18.537395. [PMID: 37131599 PMCID: PMC10153169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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Wang HY, Chan SH, Dey S, Castello-Serrano I, Rosen MK, Ditlev JA, Levental KR, Levental I. Coupling of protein condensates to ordered lipid domains determines functional membrane organization. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf6205. [PMID: 37126554 PMCID: PMC10132753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During T cell activation, the transmembrane adaptor protein LAT (linker for activation of T cells) forms biomolecular condensates with Grb2 and Sos1, facilitating signaling. LAT has also been associated with cholesterol-rich condensed lipid domains; However, the potential coupling between protein condensation and lipid phase separation and its role in organizing T cell signaling were unknown. Here, we report that LAT/Grb2/Sos1 condensates reconstituted on model membranes can induce and template lipid domains, indicating strong coupling between lipid- and protein-based phase separation. Correspondingly, activation of T cells induces cytoplasmic protein condensates that associate with and stabilize raft-like membrane domains. Inversely, lipid domains nucleate and stabilize LAT protein condensates in both reconstituted and living systems. This coupling of lipid and protein assembly is functionally important, as uncoupling of lipid domains from cytoplasmic protein condensates abrogates T cell activation. Thus, thermodynamic coupling between protein condensates and ordered lipid domains regulates the functional organization of living membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yin Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Simli Dey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jonathon A Ditlev
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Ward AE, Sokovikova D, Waxham MN, Heberle FA, Levental I, Levental KR, Kiessling V, White JM, Tamm LK. Serinc5 Restricts HIV Membrane Fusion by Altering Lipid Order and Heterogeneity in the Viral Membrane. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:773-784. [PMID: 36946615 PMCID: PMC10366416 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The host restriction factor, Serinc5, incorporates into budding HIV particles and inhibits their infection by an incompletely understood mechanism. We have previously reported that Serinc5 but not its paralogue, Serinc2, blocks HIV cell entry by membrane fusion, specifically by inhibiting fusion pore formation and dilation. A body of work suggests that Serinc5 may alter the conformation and clustering of the HIV fusion protein, Env. To contribute an additional perspective to the developing model of Serinc5 restriction, we assessed Serinc2 and Serinc5's effects on HIV pseudoviral membranes. By measuring pseudoviral membrane thickness via cryo-electron microscopy and order via the fluorescent dye, FLIPPER-TR, Serinc5 was found to increase membrane heterogeneity, skewing the distribution toward a larger fraction of the viral membrane in an ordered phase. We also directly observed for the first time the coexistence of membrane domains within individual viral membrane envelopes. Using a total internal reflection fluorescence-based single particle fusion assay, we found that treatment of HIV pseudoviral particles with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) rescued HIV pseudovirus fusion from restriction by Serinc5, which was accompanied by decreased membrane heterogeneity and order. This effect was specific for PE and did not depend on acyl chain length or saturation. Together, these data suggest that Serinc5 alters multiple interrelated properties of the viral membrane─lipid chain order, rigidity, line tension, and lateral pressure─which decrease the accessibility of fusion intermediates and disfavor completion of fusion. These biophysical insights into Serinc5 restriction of HIV infectivity could contribute to the development of novel antivirals that exploit the same weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Ward
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Daria Sokovikova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Melvin Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Kandice R. Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Volker Kiessling
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Judith M. White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Lukas K. Tamm
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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7
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Diaz-Rohrer B, Castello-Serrano I, Chan SH, Wang HY, Shurer CR, Levental KR, Levental I. Rab3 mediates a pathway for endocytic sorting and plasma membrane recycling of ordered microdomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207461120. [PMID: 36848577 PMCID: PMC10013782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207461120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the plasma membrane (PM) must be tightly controlled despite constant, rapid endocytosis, which requires active, selective recycling of endocytosed membrane components. For many proteins, the mechanisms, pathways, and determinants of this PM recycling remain unknown. We report that association with ordered, lipid-driven membrane microdomains (known as rafts) is sufficient for PM localization of a subset of transmembrane proteins and that abrogation of raft association disrupts their trafficking and leads to degradation in lysosomes. Using orthogonal, genetically encoded probes with tunable raft partitioning, we screened for the trafficking machinery required for efficient recycling of engineered microdomain-associated cargo from endosomes to the PM. Using this screen, we identified the Rab3 family as an important mediator of PM localization of microdomain-associated proteins. Disruption of Rab3 reduced PM localization of raft probes and led to their accumulation in Rab7-positive endosomes, suggesting inefficient recycling. Abrogation of Rab3 function also mislocalized the endogenous raft-associated protein Linker for Activation of T cells (LAT), leading to its intracellular accumulation and reduced T cell activation. These findings reveal a key role for lipid-driven microdomains in endocytic traffic and suggest Rab3 as a mediator of microdomain recycling and PM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Diaz-Rohrer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Hong-Yin Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Carolyn R. Shurer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Kandice R. Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22904
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8
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Doktorova M, Symons JL, Levental KR, Wang H, Zhang K, Heberle FA, Lyman ER, Levental I. Number asymmetry: The hidden dimension of mammalian plasma membranes. Biophys J 2023; 122:229a. [PMID: 36783119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milka Doktorova
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Kandice R Levental
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hongyin Wang
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine Zhang
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Edward R Lyman
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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9
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Levental KR, Wang H, Ham Chan S, Dey S, Rosen MK, Ditlev JA, Levental I. Mutual regulation between coupled protein condensates and ordered membrane domains. Biophys J 2023; 122:227a. [PMID: 36783113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kandice R Levental
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hongyin Wang
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Simli Dey
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael K Rosen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Ilya Levental
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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10
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Wang H, Levental KR, Dey S, Castello-Serrano I, Ditlev JA, Rosen MK, Levental I. Coupling between protein condensates and ordered membrane domains facilitate T cell activation. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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11
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Symons JL, Doktorova M, Levental KR, Levental I. Challenging old dogma with new tech: asymmetry of lipid abundances within the plasma membrane. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Amos C, Kiessling V, Schenk N, Mohan R, Doyle CA, Kreutzberger AJ, Wang H, Levental KR, Levental I, Anantharam A, Tamm LK. Membrane order regulates SNARE mediated vesicle fusion in insulin-secreting cells. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Lipid–protein interactions in cells are involved in various biological processes, including metabolism, trafficking, signaling, host–pathogen interactions, and transmembrane transport. At the plasma membrane, lipid–protein interactions play major roles in membrane organization and function. Several membrane proteins have motifs for specific lipid binding, which modulate protein conformation and consequent function. In addition to such specific lipid–protein interactions, protein function can be regulated by the dynamic, collective behavior of lipids in membranes. Emerging analytical, biochemical, and computational technologies allow us to study the influence of specific lipid–protein interactions, as well as the collective behavior of membranes on protein function. In this article, we review the recent literature on lipid–protein interactions with a specific focus on the current state-of-the-art technologies that enable novel insights into these interactions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 51 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Sych
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden;,
| | - Kandice R. Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden;,
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Matias MI, Yong CS, Foroushani A, Goldsmith C, Mongellaz C, Sezgin E, Levental KR, Talebi A, Perrault J, Rivière A, Dehairs J, Delos O, Bertand-Michel J, Portais JC, Wong M, Marie JC, Kelekar A, Kinet S, Zimmermann VS, Levental I, Yvan-Charvet L, Swinnen JV, Muljo SA, Hernandez-Vargas H, Tardito S, Taylor N, Dardalhon V. Regulatory T cell differentiation is controlled by αKG-induced alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and lipid homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109911. [PMID: 34731632 PMCID: PMC10167917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressive regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation is controlled by diverse immunometabolic signaling pathways and intracellular metabolites. Here we show that cell-permeable α-ketoglutarate (αKG) alters the DNA methylation profile of naive CD4 T cells activated under Treg polarizing conditions, markedly attenuating FoxP3+ Treg differentiation and increasing inflammatory cytokines. Adoptive transfer of these T cells into tumor-bearing mice results in enhanced tumor infiltration, decreased FoxP3 expression, and delayed tumor growth. Mechanistically, αKG leads to an energetic state that is reprogrammed toward a mitochondrial metabolism, with increased oxidative phosphorylation and expression of mitochondrial complex enzymes. Furthermore, carbons from ectopic αKG are directly utilized in the generation of fatty acids, associated with lipidome remodeling and increased triacylglyceride stores. Notably, inhibition of either mitochondrial complex II or DGAT2-mediated triacylglyceride synthesis restores Treg differentiation and decreases the αKG-induced inflammatory phenotype. Thus, we identify a crosstalk between αKG, mitochondrial metabolism and triacylglyceride synthesis that controls Treg fate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Fibrosarcoma/genetics
- Fibrosarcoma/immunology
- Fibrosarcoma/metabolism
- Fibrosarcoma/therapy
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Ketoglutaric Acids/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Matias
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Carmen S Yong
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amir Foroushani
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chloe Goldsmith
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm/ CNRS, Labex DEVweCAN, Lyon France
| | - Cédric Mongellaz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Perrault
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Anais Rivière
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Océane Delos
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France; I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France; I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Madeline Wong
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julien C Marie
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm/ CNRS, Labex DEVweCAN, Lyon France
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, University Lyon 1, Inserm/ CNRS, Labex DEVweCAN, Lyon France
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, CCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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15
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Zinöcker MK, Svendsen K, Levental KR, Levental I, Dankel SN. Reply to JJ Christensen et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1712-1713. [PMID: 34060598 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marit K Zinöcker
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kandice R Levental
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Symons JL, Levental I, Levental KR. Lipidomic Atlas of Mammalian Cell Membranes Reveals Hierarchical Variation Induced by Culture Conditions, Subcellular Membranes, and Cell Lineages. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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17
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Doktorova M, Symons JL, Levental KR, Lyman ER, Levental I. Challenging the Dogma - Cell Plasma Membranes are Asymmetric not only in Phospholipid Composition but also Abundance. Biophys J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Symons JL, Cho KJ, Chang JT, Du G, Waxham MN, Hancock JF, Levental I, Levental KR. Lipidomic atlas of mammalian cell membranes reveals hierarchical variation induced by culture conditions, subcellular membranes, and cell lineages. Soft Matter 2021; 17:288-297. [PMID: 32451522 PMCID: PMC7688498 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are ubiquitous biological organizers, required for structural and functional compartmentalization of the cell and sub-cellular organelles. Membranes in living cells are compositionally complex, comprising hundreds of dynamically regulated, distinct lipid species. Cellular physiology requires tight regulation of these lipidomic profiles to achieve proper membrane functionality. While some general features of tissue- and organelle-specific lipid complements have been identified, less is known about detailed lipidomic variations caused by cell-intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Here, we use shotgun lipidomics to report detailed, comprehensive lipidomes of a variety of cultured and primary mammalian membrane preparations to identify trends and sources of variation. Unbiased principle component analysis (PCA) shows clear separation between cultured and primary cells, with primary erythrocytes, synaptic membranes, and other mammalian tissue lipidomes sharply diverging from all cultured cell lines and also from one other. Most broadly, cultured cell membrane preparations were distinguished by their paucity of polyunsaturated lipids. Cultured mammalian cell lines were comparatively similar to one another, although we detected clear, highly reproducible lipidomic signatures of individual cell lines and plasma membrane (PM) isolations thereof. These measurements begin to establish a comprehensive lipidomic atlas of mammalian cells and tissues, identifying some major sources of variation. These observations will allow investigation of the regulation and functional significance of mammalian lipidomes in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Symons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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19
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Castello-Serrano I, Lorent JH, Ippolito R, Levental KR, Levental I. Myelin-Associated MAL and PLP Are Unusual among Multipass Transmembrane Proteins in Preferring Ordered Membrane Domains. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5930-5939. [PMID: 32436385 PMCID: PMC7792449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic membranes can be partitioned into lipid-driven membrane microdomains called lipid rafts, which function to sort lipids and proteins in the plane of the membrane. As protein selectivity underlies all functions of lipid rafts, there has been significant interest in understanding the structural and molecular determinants of raft affinity. Such determinants have been described for lipids and single-spanning transmembrane proteins; however, how multipass transmembrane proteins (TMPs) partition between ordered and disordered phases has not been widely explored. Here we used cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) to systematically measure multipass TMP partitioning to ordered membrane domains. Across a set of 24 structurally and functionally diverse multipass TMPs, the large majority (92%) had minimal raft affinity. The only exceptions were two myelin-associated four-pass TMPs, myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL), and proteo lipid protein (PLP). We characterized the potential mechanisms for their exceptional raft affinity and observed that PLP requires cholesterol and sphingolipids for optimal association with ordered membrane domains and that PLP and MAL appear to compete for cholesterol-mediated raft affinity. These observations suggest broad conclusions about the composition of ordered membrane domains in cells and point to previously unrecognized drivers of raft affinity for multipass transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rossana Ippolito
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Lorent JH, Levental KR, Ganesan L, Rivera-Longsworth G, Sezgin E, Doktorova M, Lyman E, Levental I. Plasma membranes are asymmetric in lipid unsaturation, packing and protein shape. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:644-652. [PMID: 32367017 DOI: 10.1101/698837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental feature of cellular plasma membranes (PMs) is an asymmetric lipid distribution between the bilayer leaflets. However, neither the detailed, comprehensive compositions of individual PM leaflets nor how these contribute to structural membrane asymmetries have been defined. We report the distinct lipidomes and biophysical properties of both monolayers in living mammalian PMs. Phospholipid unsaturation is dramatically asymmetric, with the cytoplasmic leaflet being approximately twofold more unsaturated than the exoplasmic leaflet. Atomistic simulations and spectroscopy of leaflet-selective fluorescent probes reveal that the outer PM leaflet is more packed and less diffusive than the inner leaflet, with this biophysical asymmetry maintained in the endocytic system. The structural asymmetry of the PM is reflected in the asymmetric structures of protein transmembrane domains. These structural asymmetries are conserved throughout Eukaryota, suggesting fundamental cellular design principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lorent
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K R Levental
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Ganesan
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - E Sezgin
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- SciLifeLab, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Doktorova
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - I Levental
- McGovern Medical School, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Levental KR, Malmberg E, Symons JL, Fan YY, Chapkin RS, Ernst R, Levental I. Lipidomic and biophysical homeostasis of mammalian membranes counteracts dietary lipid perturbations to maintain cellular fitness. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1339. [PMID: 32165635 PMCID: PMC7067841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper membrane physiology requires maintenance of biophysical properties, which must be buffered from external perturbations. While homeostatic adaptation of membrane fluidity to temperature variation is a ubiquitous feature of ectothermic organisms, such responsive membrane adaptation to external inputs has not been directly observed in mammals. Here, we report that challenging mammalian membranes by dietary lipids leads to robust lipidomic remodeling to preserve membrane physical properties. Specifically, exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into membrane lipids, inducing a reduction in membrane packing. These effects are rapidly compensated both in culture and in vivo by lipidome-wide remodeling, most notably upregulation of saturated lipids and cholesterol, resulting in recovery of membrane packing and permeability. Abrogation of this response results in cytotoxicity when membrane homeostasis is challenged by dietary lipids. These results reveal an essential mammalian mechanism for membrane homeostasis wherein lipidome remodeling in response to dietary lipid inputs preserves functional membrane phenotypes. Proper membrane physiology requires maintenance of a narrow range of physicochemical properties, which must be buffered from external perturbations. Here, authors report lipidomic remodeling to preserve membrane physical properties upon exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Eric Malmberg
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Symons
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert Ernst
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Levental I, Levental KR, Heberle FA. Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:341-353. [PMID: 32302547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lipid raft hypothesis postulates that lipid-lipid interactions can laterally organize biological membranes into domains of distinct structures, compositions, and functions. This proposal has in equal measure exhilarated and frustrated membrane research for decades. While the physicochemical principles underlying lipid-driven domains has been explored and is well understood, the existence and relevance of such domains in cells remains elusive, despite decades of research. Here, we review the conceptual underpinnings of the raft hypothesis and critically discuss the supporting and contradicting evidence in cells, focusing on why controversies about the composition, properties, and even the very existence of lipid rafts remain unresolved. Finally, we highlight several recent breakthroughs that may resolve existing controversies and suggest general approaches for moving beyond questions of the existence of rafts and towards understanding their physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA.
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA
| | - Frederick A Heberle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 33830, USA
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23
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Lorent JH, Ganesan L, Lyman ER, Levental KR, Levental I. Plasma Membrane Packing Asymmetry Drives Transmembrane Protein Localization. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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24
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Symons JL, Levental KR, Levental I. Plasma Membrane Permeability is Altered in Living Mammalian Cells by Perturbations of Lipid Membrane Composition. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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25
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Diaz-Rohrer BB, Skinkle A, Levental KR, Levental I. Cell-Derived Plasma Membrane Vesicles are Permeable to Hydrophilic Macromolecules. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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26
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Wang H, Diaz-Rohrer B, Levental KR, Ditlev JA, Rosen MK, Levental I. Coupling between Cytoplasmic Protein Phase Separation and Cholesterol-Rich Domains in the Plasma Membrane Facilitates T Cell Activation. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Skinkle AD, Levental KR, Levental I. Cell-Derived Plasma Membrane Vesicles Are Permeable to Hydrophilic Macromolecules. Biophys J 2020; 118:1292-1300. [PMID: 32053777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) are a widely used experimental platform for biochemical and biophysical analysis of isolated mammalian plasma membranes (PMs). A core advantage of these vesicles is that they maintain the native lipid and protein diversity of the PM while affording the experimental flexibility of synthetic giant vesicles. In addition to fundamental investigations of PM structure and composition, GPMVs have been used to evaluate the binding of proteins and small molecules to cell-derived membranes and the permeation of drug-like molecules through them. An important assumption of such experiments is that GPMVs are sealed, i.e., that permeation occurs by diffusion through the hydrophobic core rather than through hydrophilic pores. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption is often incorrect. We find that most GPMVs isolated using standard preparations are passively permeable to various hydrophilic solutes as large as 40 kDa, in contrast to synthetic giant unilamellar vesicles. We attribute this leakiness to stable, relatively large, and heterogeneous pores formed by rupture of vesicles from cells. Finally, we identify preparation conditions that minimize poration and allow evaluation of sealed GPMVs. These unexpected observations of GPMV poration are important for interpreting experiments utilizing GPMVs as PM models, particularly for drug permeation and membrane asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Skinkle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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28
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Lyman ER, Levental KR, Lorent J, Levental I. All Atom Simulations of the Inner and Outer Leaflet of the Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Torres-Adorno AM, Vitrac H, Qi Y, Tan L, Levental KR, Fan YY, Yang P, Chapkin RS, Eckhardt BL, Ueno NT. Eicosapentaenoic acid in combination with EPHA2 inhibition shows efficacy in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer by disrupting cellular cholesterol efflux. Oncogene 2018; 38:2135-2150. [PMID: 30459358 PMCID: PMC6430703 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, currently lacks effective targeted therapy options. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid and constituent of fish oil, is a common supplement with anti-inflammatory properties. Although it is not a mainstream treatment, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that EPA exerts anti-tumor activity in breast cancer. However, against solid tumors, EPA as a monotherapy is clinically ineffective; thus, we sought to develop a novel targeted drug combination to bolster its therapeutic action against TNBC. Using a high-throughput functional siRNA screen, we identified Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), an oncogenic cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase, as a therapeutic target that sensitizes TNBC cells to EPA. EPHA2 expression was uniquely elevated in TNBC cell lines and patient tumors. In independent functional expression studies in TNBC models, EPHA2 gene-silencing combined with EPA significantly reduced cell growth and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies, both in vitro and in vivo. EPHA2 specific inhibitors similarly enhanced the therapeutic action of EPA. Finally, we identified that therapy-mediated apoptosis was attributed to a lethal increase in cancer cell membrane polarity due to ABCA1 inhibition and subsequent dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis. This study provides new molecular and pre-clinical evidence to support a clinical evaluation of EPA combined with EPHA2 inhibition in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie M Torres-Adorno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Vitrac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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30
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Cornell CE, Skinkle AD, He S, Levental I, Levental KR, Keller SL. Tuning Length Scales of Small Domains in Cell-Derived Membranes and Synthetic Model Membranes. Biophys J 2018; 115:690-701. [PMID: 30049406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Micron-scale, coexisting liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases are straightforward to observe in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of ternary lipid mixtures. Experimentally, uniform membranes undergo demixing when temperature is decreased: domains subsequently nucleate, diffuse, collide, and coalesce until only one domain of each phase remains. The sizes of these two domains are limited only by the size of the system. Under different conditions, vesicles exhibit smaller-scale domains of fixed sizes, leading to the question of what sets the length scale. In membranes with excess area, small domains are expected when coarsening is hindered or when a microemulsion or modulated phase arises. Here, we test predictions of how the size, morphology, and fluorescence levels of small domains vary with the membrane's temperature, tension, and composition. Using GUVs and cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles, we find that 1) the characteristic size of domains decreases when temperature is increased or membrane tension is decreased, 2) stripes are favored over circular domains for lipid compositions with low energy per unit interface, 3) fluorescence levels are consistent with domain registration across both monolayer leaflets of the bilayer, and 4) small domains form in GUVs composed of lipids both with and without ester-linked lipids. Our experimental results are consistent with several elements of current theories for microemulsions and modulated phases and inconsistent with others, suggesting a motivation to modify or enhance current theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Cornell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Shushan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah L Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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31
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Torres-Adorno AM, Vitrac H, Qi Y, Tan L, Levental KR, Fan YY, Yang P, Chapkin RS, Eckhardt BL, Ueno NT. Abstract P1-10-09: EPHA2-targeting enhances eicosapentaenoic acid cytotoxicity against triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer via ABCA1 inhibition–mediated membrane rigidity. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-10-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Effective treatment options for triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer (TN-IBC), the most aggressive form of breast cancer, are currently lacking. We previously reported that mediators of inflammation promote the growth of TN-IBC xenografts. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid (fish oil) with anti-inflammatory properties, is an emerging FDA-approved therapeutic with a favorable toxicology profile. Here we aimed to develop a novel approach to enhance EPA efficacy against TN-IBC by identifying a kinase inhibitor that synergizes with EPA's antitumor activity.
Methods and Results: Using a high-throughput siRNA screen in the TN-IBC cell line SUM149PT, we identified inhibition of ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, as a target that sensitizes TN-IBC cells to EPA therapy. To determine the clinical relevance of EPHA2, we investigated a meta-analysis of breast cancer mRNA expression data sets and found that high EPHA2 tumor expression, compared with low expressing, correlated significantly with poor overall survival in TN-IBC patients (P = 0.01), while not with other subtypes. Similar findings were observed in vitro, were EPHA2 protein and mRNA overexpression occurred predominantly in the TN subtypes among 49 and 51 breast cancer cell lines (63% and 47%, respectively), highlighting EPHA2 translational potential. Functional expression studies using proliferation and apoptosis assays in vitro, and xenografts in vivo, were performed in two EPHA2-expressing TN-IBC cell lines, SUM149PT and BCX010, to validate EPHA2 as a synergistic combinational target with EPA. EPHA2 gene silencing in combination with EPA significantly reduced cell growth, and enhanced apoptosis, compared with untreated and monotherapy in vitro (P < 0.05), and in vivo (P < 0.001). To translate our findings to the clinic, we validated dasatinib, an FDA-approved small molecule inhibitor of EPHA2, in combination to EPA to significantly enhance apoptosis of TN-IBC cells in vitro (P < 0.05) and in vivo (P < 0.05), compared with untreated and monotherapies. Using membrane fluidity assessment and cholesterol quantification we determined that apoptosis induction after combination therapy was due to increased membrane rigidity and cholesterol concentrations in the plasma membrane of TN-IBC cells (P < 0.05, compared with monotherapies). Finally, we discovered by western blot and gain/loss-of-expression studies that combination therapy inhibited the cholesterol efflux protein ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1), which plays a significant role mediating increased cellular cholesterol (P < 0.05), cell membrane rigidity (P < 0.05), and induction of apoptosis (P < 0.05) in TN-IBC after EPA and EPHA2-targeting combination therapy.
Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that EPA can enhance conventional targeted therapy against breast cancer. Our study provides molecular and preclinical evidence to support the development of an EPA/EPHA2-inhibition–based phase I clinical trial for patients with EPHA2-positive TN-IBC; our study further suggests the use of EPHA2 and ABCA1 protein expression as biomarkers for patient selection and therapeutic response.
Citation Format: Torres-Adorno AM, Vitrac H, Qi Y, Tan L, Levental KR, Fan Y-Y, Yang P, Chapkin RS, Eckhardt BL, Ueno NT. EPHA2-targeting enhances eicosapentaenoic acid cytotoxicity against triple-negative inflammatory breast cancer via ABCA1 inhibition–mediated membrane rigidity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Torres-Adorno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - H Vitrac
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Y Qi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - L Tan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - KR Levental
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Y-Y Fan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - P Yang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - RS Chapkin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - BL Eckhardt
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - NT Ueno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX; Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Cornell CE, Skinkle AD, Levental I, Levental KR, Keller SL. Manipulation of Length Scales in a Modulated Phase in Cell-Derived GPMVs and Synthetic Model GUVs. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Levental KR, Malmberg E, Levental I. Homeostatic Remodeling of Mammalian Membranes in Response to Dietary Lipid Perturbations is Essential for Cellular Fitness. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lorent J, Diaz-Rohrer BB, Lin X, Gorfe A, Levental KR, Levental I. Structural Determinants and Functional Consequences of Protein Association with Membrane Domains. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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35
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Levental KR, Surma MA, Skinkle AD, Lorent JH, Zhou Y, Klose C, Chang JT, Hancock JF, Levental I. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids direct differentiation of the membrane phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells to potentiate osteogenesis. Sci Adv 2017; 3:eaao1193. [PMID: 29134198 PMCID: PMC5677358 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells produce hundreds of dynamically regulated lipid species that are actively turned over and trafficked to produce functional membranes. These lipid repertoires are susceptible to perturbations from dietary sources, with potentially profound physiological consequences. However, neither the lipid repertoires of various cellular membranes, their modulation by dietary fats, nor their effects on cellular phenotypes have been widely explored. We report that differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts or adipocytes results in extensive remodeling of the plasma membrane (PM), producing cell-specific membrane compositions and biophysical properties. The distinct features of osteoblast PMs enabled rational engineering of membrane phenotypes to modulate differentiation in MSCs. Specifically, supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a lipid component characteristic of osteoblast membranes, induced broad lipidomic remodeling in MSCs that reproduced compositional and structural aspects of the osteoblastic PM phenotype. The PM changes induced by DHA supplementation potentiated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs concurrent with enhanced Akt activation at the PM. These observations prompt a model wherein the DHA-induced lipidome leads to more stable membrane microdomains, which serve to increase Akt activity and thereby enhance osteogenic differentiation. More broadly, our investigations suggest a general mechanism by which dietary fats affect cellular physiology through remodeling of membrane lipidomes, biophysical properties, and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice R. Levental
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph H. Lorent
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Lorent JH, Diaz-Rohrer B, Lin X, Spring K, Gorfe AA, Levental KR, Levental I. Structural determinants and functional consequences of protein affinity for membrane rafts. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1219. [PMID: 29089556 PMCID: PMC5663905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic plasma membranes are compartmentalized into functional lateral domains, including lipid-driven membrane rafts. Rafts are involved in most plasma membrane functions by selective recruitment and retention of specific proteins. However, the structural determinants of transmembrane protein partitioning to raft domains are not fully understood. Hypothesizing that protein transmembrane domains (TMDs) determine raft association, here we directly quantify raft affinity for dozens of TMDs. We identify three physical features that independently affect raft partitioning, namely TMD surface area, length, and palmitoylation. We rationalize these findings into a mechanistic, physical model that predicts raft affinity from the protein sequence. Application of these concepts to the human proteome reveals that plasma membrane proteins have higher raft affinity than those of intracellular membranes, consistent with raft-mediated plasma membrane sorting. Overall, our experimental observations and physical model establish general rules for raft partitioning of TMDs and support the central role of rafts in membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Lorent
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Blanca Diaz-Rohrer
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Xubo Lin
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Kevin Spring
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Alemayehu A Gorfe
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston MSB 4.202A, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77096, USA.
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Cornell CE, McCarthy NLC, Levental KR, Levental I, Brooks NJ, Keller SL. n-Alcohol Length Governs Shift in L o-L d Mixing Temperatures in Synthetic and Cell-Derived Membranes. Biophys J 2017; 113:1200-1211. [PMID: 28801104 PMCID: PMC5607138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A persistent challenge in membrane biophysics has been to quantitatively predict how membrane physical properties change upon addition of new amphiphiles (e.g., lipids, alcohols, peptides, or proteins) in order to assess whether the changes are large enough to plausibly result in biological ramifications. Because of their roles as general anesthetics, n-alcohols are perhaps the best-studied amphiphiles of this class. When n-alcohols are added to model and cell membranes, changes in membrane parameters tend to be modest. One striking exception is found in the large decrease in liquid-liquid miscibility transition temperatures (Tmix) observed when short-chain n-alcohols are incorporated into giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). Coexisting liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases are observed at temperatures below Tmix in GPMVs as well as in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of ternary mixtures of a lipid with a low melting temperature, a lipid with a high melting temperature, and cholesterol. Here, we find that when GUVs of canonical ternary mixtures are formed in aqueous solutions of short-chain n-alcohols (n ≤ 10), Tmix increases relative to GUVs in water. This shift is in the opposite direction from that reported for cell-derived GPMVs. The increase in Tmix is robust across GUVs of several types of lipids, ratios of lipids, types of short-chain n-alcohols, and concentrations of n-alcohols. However, as chain lengths of n-alcohols increase, nonmonotonic shifts in Tmix are observed. Alcohols with chain lengths of 10–14 carbons decrease Tmix in ternary GUVs of dioleoyl-PC/dipalmitoyl-PC/cholesterol, whereas 16 carbons increase Tmix again. Gray et al. observed a similar influence of the length of n-alcohols on the direction of the shift in Tmix. These results are consistent with a scenario in which the relative partitioning of n-alcohols between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases evolves as the chain length of the n-alcohol increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Cornell
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Keller
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington.
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38
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He J, Zhang F, Tay LWR, Boroda S, Nian W, Levental KR, Levental I, Harris TE, Chang JT, Du G. Lipin-1 regulation of phospholipid synthesis maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and is critical for triple-negative breast cancer cell survival. FASEB J 2017; 31:2893-2904. [PMID: 28347999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601353r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to increase the synthesis of macromolecules for rapid proliferation. Compared to fatty acids, much less is known about the synthesis of phospholipids, which is essential for membrane biogenesis in cancer cells. We found that LPIN1, which encodes lipin-1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) controlling the rate-limiting step in the phospholipid synthesis pathway, is highly up-regulated in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Moreover, high LPIN1 expression correlates with the poor prognosis of these patients. Knockdown of LPIN1 increases apoptosis in basal-like TNBC cell lines, whereas it has minimal or less effect on normal human mammary gland epithelial cells (HMECs) and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines. Fatty acid incorporation and lipidomics analyses showed that LPIN1 knockdown blocks phospholipid synthesis and changes membrane lipid compositions that ultimately induce the activation of 1 of the 3 branches of unfolded protein responses, the inositol-requiring enzyme-1α pathway. We also show for the first time, to our knowledge, that lipin-1 knockdown significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft breast mouse model. Our results suggest that lipin-1 is a potential target for cancer therapy.-He, J., Zhang, F., Tay, L. W. R., Boroda, S., Nian, W., Levental, K. R., Levental, I., Harris, T. E., Chang, J. T., Du, G. Lipin-1 regulation of phospholipid synthesis maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and is critical for triple-negative breast cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan He
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Core Facility, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Li Wei Rachel Tay
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salome Boroda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Key Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Hospital and Institute and Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA;
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Lin X, Lorent JH, Skinkle AD, Levental KR, Waxham MN, Gorfe AA, Levental I. Domain Stability in Biomimetic Membranes Driven by Lipid Polyunsaturation. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11930-11941. [PMID: 27797198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes contain a broad variety of lipid species whose individual physicochemical properties and collective interactions ultimately determine membrane organization. A key aspect of the organization of cellular membranes is their lateral subdivision into domains of distinct structure and composition. The most widely studied membrane domains are lipid rafts, which are the biological manifestations of liquid-ordered phases that form in sterol-containing membranes. Detailed studies of biomimetic membrane mixtures have yielded wide-ranging insights into the physical principles behind lipid rafts; however, these simplified models do not fully capture the diversity and complexity of the mammalian lipidome, most notably in their exclusion of polyunsaturated lipids. Here, we assess the role of lipid acyl chain unsaturation as a driving force for phase separation using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations validated by model membrane experiments. The clear trends in our observations and good qualitative agreements between simulations and experiments support the conclusions that highly unsaturated lipids promote liquid-liquid domain stability by enhancing the differences in cholesterol content and lipid chain order between the coexisting domains. These observations reveal the important role of noncanonical biological lipids in the physical properties of membranes, showing that lipid polyunsaturation is a driving force for liquid-liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Allison D Skinkle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Alemayehu A Gorfe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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40
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Nowak M, Freudenberg U, Tsurkan MV, Werner C, Levental KR. Modular GAG-matrices to promote mammary epithelial morphogenesis in vitro. Biomaterials 2016; 112:20-30. [PMID: 27741500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix systems used to study complex three-dimensional (3D) cellular processes like mammary epithelial tissue morphogenesis and tumorigenesis ex vivo often require ill-defined biological components, which lead to poor reproducibility and a lack of control over physical parameters. In this study, a well-defined, tunable synthetic biohybrid hydrogel composed of the glycosaminoglycan heparin, star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (starPEG), and matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) cleavable crosslinkers was applied to dissect the biophysical and biochemical signals promoting human mammary epithelial cell (MEC) morphogenesis. We show that compliant starPEG-heparin matrices promote the development of polarized MEC acini. Both the presence of heparin and MMP-cleavable crosslinks are essential in facilitating MEC morphogenesis without supplementation of exogenous adhesion ligands. In this system, MECs secrete and organize laminin in basement membrane-like assemblies to promote integrin signaling and drive acinar development. Therefore, starPEG-heparin hydrogels provide a versatile platform to study mammary epithelial tissue morphogenesis in a chemically defined and precisely tunable 3D in vitro microenvironment. The system allows investigation of biophysical and biochemical aspects of mammary gland biology and potentially a variety of other organoid culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Nowak
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail V Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Tulodziecka K, Diaz-Rohrer BB, Farley MM, Chan RB, Di Paolo G, Levental KR, Waxham MN, Levental I. Remodeling of the postsynaptic plasma membrane during neural development. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3480-3489. [PMID: 27535429 PMCID: PMC5221582 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal synapses require precise regulation, particularly of membrane components. The composition and organization of synaptic membranes are dramatically remodeled during development, including accumulation of lipids associated with raft domains, and concomitant palmitoylation of PSD-95, suggesting recruitment of domains via scaffold lipidation. Neuronal synapses are the fundamental units of neural signal transduction and must maintain exquisite signal fidelity while also accommodating the plasticity that underlies learning and development. To achieve these goals, the molecular composition and spatial organization of synaptic terminals must be tightly regulated; however, little is known about the regulation of lipid composition and organization in synaptic membranes. Here we quantify the comprehensive lipidome of rat synaptic membranes during postnatal development and observe dramatic developmental lipidomic remodeling during the first 60 postnatal days, including progressive accumulation of cholesterol, plasmalogens, and sphingolipids. Further analysis of membranes associated with isolated postsynaptic densities (PSDs) suggests the PSD-associated postsynaptic plasma membrane (PSD-PM) as one specific location of synaptic remodeling. We analyze the biophysical consequences of developmental remodeling in reconstituted synaptic membranes and observe remarkably stable microdomains, with the stability of domains increasing with developmental age. We rationalize the developmental accumulation of microdomain-forming lipids in synapses by proposing a mechanism by which palmitoylation of the immobilized scaffold protein PSD-95 nucleates domains at the postsynaptic plasma membrane. These results reveal developmental changes in lipid composition and palmitoylation that facilitate the formation of postsynaptic membrane microdomains, which may serve key roles in the function of the neuronal synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tulodziecka
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Barbara B Diaz-Rohrer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Madeline M Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Robin B Chan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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Lorent JH, Diaz-Rohrer BB, Levental KR, Levental I. Structural Determinants of Raft Partitioning for Single-Pass Transmembrane Proteins. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Levental KR, Lorent JH, Lin X, Gorfe AA, Levental I. Dietary Fats Remodel Plasma Membrane Lipidome and Physical Properties to Regulate Phase Separation in Biological Membranes. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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44
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Freudenberg U, Zieris A, Chwalek K, Tsurkan MV, Maitz MF, Atallah P, Levental KR, Eming SA, Werner C. Heparin desulfation modulates VEGF release and angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. J Control Release 2015; 220:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The organization of eukaryotic membranes into functional domains continues to fascinate and puzzle cell biologists and biophysicists. The lipid raft hypothesis proposes that collective lipid interactions compartmentalize the membrane into coexisting liquid domains that are central to membrane physiology. This hypothesis has proven controversial because such structures cannot be directly visualized in live cells by light microscopy. The recent observations of liquid-liquid phase separation in biological membranes are an important validation of the raft hypothesis and enable application of the experimental toolbox of membrane physics to a biologically complex phase-separated membrane. This review addresses the role of giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) in refining the raft hypothesis and expands on the application of GPMVs as an experimental model to answer some of key outstanding problems in membrane biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Levental I, Levental KR. Differentiation of Plasma Membrane Composition and Physical Properties. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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47
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Levental KR, Levental I. Isolation of giant plasma membrane vesicles for evaluation of plasma membrane structure and protein partitioning. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1232:65-77. [PMID: 25331128 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1752-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although investigation into the structure of eukaryotic cell membranes has been an intense focus of cell biology for the past two decades, definitive insights have been limited by the lack of coherent methods for the isolation of specific organelle membranes and the identification of membrane subdomains. Here we describe a method for the isolation of mammalian cell plasma membranes as Giant Plasma Membrane Vesicles (GPMVs) and strategies for imaging membrane lateral structure and quantification of protein partitioning between coexisting domains by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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48
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Diaz-Rohrer B, Levental KR, Levental I. Rafting through traffic: Membrane domains in cellular logistics. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1838:3003-3013. [PMID: 25130318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The intricate and tightly regulated organization of eukaryotic cells into spatially and functionally distinct membrane-bound compartments is a defining feature of complex organisms. These compartments are defined by their lipid and protein compositions, with their limiting membrane as the functional interface to the rest of the cell. Thus, proper segregation of membrane proteins and lipids is necessary for the maintenance of organelle identity, and this segregation must be maintained despite extensive, rapid membrane exchange between compartments. Sorting processes of high efficiency and fidelity are required to avoid potentially deleterious mis-targeting and maintain cellular function. Although much molecular machinery associated with membrane traffic (i.e. membrane budding/fusion/fission) has been characterized both structurally and biochemically, the mechanistic details underlying the tightly regulated distribution of membranes between subcellular locations remain to be elucidated. This review presents evidence for the role of ordered lateral membrane domains known as lipid rafts in both biosynthetic sorting in the late secretory pathway, as well as endocytosis and recycling to/from the plasma membrane. Although such evidence is extensive and the involvement of membrane domains in sorting is definitive, specific mechanistic details for raft-dependent sorting processes remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Diaz-Rohrer
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ilya Levental
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, USA.
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Mouw JK, Yui Y, Damiano L, Bainer RO, Lakins JN, Acerbi I, Ou G, Wijekoon AC, Levental KR, Gilbert PM, Hwang ES, Chen YY, Weaver VM. Tissue mechanics modulate microRNA-dependent PTEN expression to regulate malignant progression. Nat Med 2014; 20:360-7. [PMID: 24633304 PMCID: PMC3981899 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue mechanics regulate development and homeostasis and are consistently modified in tumor progression. Nevertheless, the fundamental molecular mechanisms through which altered mechanics regulate tissue behavior and the clinical relevance of these changes remain unclear. We demonstrate that increased matrix stiffness modulates microRNA expression to drive tumor progression through integrin activation of β-catenin and MYC. Specifically, in human and mouse tissue, increased matrix stiffness induced miR-18a to reduce levels of the tumor suppressor PTEN, both directly and indirectly by decreasing levels of HOXA9. Clinically, extracellular matrix stiffness correlated significantly with miR-18a in human breast tumor biopsies. miR-18a expression was highest in basal-like breast cancers in which PTEN and HOXA9 levels were lowest and predicted for poor prognosis in patients with luminal breast cancers. Our findings identify a mechanically-regulated microRNA circuit that can promote malignancy and suggest potential prognostic roles for HOXA9 and miR-18a levels in stratifying patients with luminal breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna K Mouw
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Yui
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Laura Damiano
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Russell O Bainer
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Johnathon N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Acerbi
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guanqing Ou
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda C Wijekoon
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston-Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Shelley Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- 1] Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Anatomy and Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. [3] Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA. [4] UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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50
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Tsurkan MV, Chwalek K, Prokoph S, Zieris A, Levental KR, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Defined polymer-peptide conjugates to form cell-instructive starPEG-heparin matrices in situ. Adv Mater 2013; 25:2606-2610. [PMID: 23576312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)-peptide- and glycosaminoglycan-peptide conjugates obtained by a regio-selective amino acid protection strategy are converted into cell-instructive hydrogel matrices capable of inducing morphogenesis in embedded human vascular endothelial cells and dorsal root ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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