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Liu X, Griffiths JI, Bishara I, Liu J, Bild AH, Chang JT. Phylogenetic inference from single-cell RNA-seq data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12854. [PMID: 37553438 PMCID: PMC10409753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are comprised of subpopulations of cancer cells that harbor distinct genetic profiles and phenotypes that evolve over time and during treatment. By reconstructing the course of cancer evolution, we can understand the acquisition of the malignant properties that drive tumor progression. Unfortunately, recovering the evolutionary relationships of individual cancer cells linked to their phenotypes remains a difficult challenge. To address this need, we have developed PhylinSic, a method that reconstructs the phylogenetic relationships among cells linked to their gene expression profiles from single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data. This method calls nucleotide bases using a probabilistic smoothing approach and then estimates a phylogenetic tree using a Bayesian modeling algorithm. We showed that PhylinSic identified evolutionary relationships underpinning drug selection and metastasis and was sensitive enough to identify subclones from genetic drift. We found that breast cancer tumors resistant to chemotherapies harbored multiple genetic lineages that independently acquired high K-Ras and β-catenin, suggesting that therapeutic strategies may need to control multiple lineages to be durable. These results demonstrated that PhylinSic can reconstruct evolution and link the genotypes and phenotypes of cells across monophyletic tumors using scRNA-Seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.218, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason I Griffiths
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology & Clinical Therapeutics, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Bishara
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology & Clinical Therapeutics, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.218, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology & Clinical Therapeutics, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, MSB 4.218, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Chen H, Ding Q, Khazai L, Zhao L, Damodaran S, Litton JK, Rauch GM, Yam C, Chang JT, Seth S, Lim B, Thompson AM, Mittendorf EA, Adrada B, Virani K, White JB, Ravenberg E, Song X, Candelaria R, Arun B, Ueno NT, Santiago L, Saleem S, Abouharb S, Murthy RK, Ibrahim N, Routbort MJ, Sahin A, Valero V, Symmans WF, Tripathy D, Wang WL, Moulder S, Huo L. PTEN in triple-negative breast carcinoma: protein expression and genomic alteration in pretreatment and posttreatment specimens. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231189422. [PMID: 37547448 PMCID: PMC10399250 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231189422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances have been made in targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in breast cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key component of that pathway. Objective To understand the changes in PTEN expression over the course of the disease in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and whether PTEN copy number variation (CNV) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) can serve as an alternative to immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify PTEN loss. Methods We compared PTEN expression by IHC between pretreatment tumors and residual tumors in the breast and lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 96 patients enrolled in a TNBC clinical trial. A correlative analysis between PTEN protein expression and PTEN CNV by NGS was also performed. Results With a stringent cutoff for PTEN IHC scoring, PTEN expression was discordant between pretreatment and posttreatment primary tumors in 5% of patients (n = 96) and between posttreatment primary tumors and lymph node metastases in 9% (n = 33). A less stringent cutoff yielded similar discordance rates. Intratumoral heterogeneity for PTEN loss was observed in 7% of the patients. Among pretreatment tumors, PTEN copy numbers by whole exome sequencing (n = 72) were significantly higher in the PTEN-positive tumors by IHC compared with the IHC PTEN-loss tumors (p < 0.0001). However, PTEN-positive and PTEN-loss tumors by IHC overlapped in copy numbers: 14 of 60 PTEN-positive samples showed decreased copy numbers in the range of those of the PTEN-loss tumors. Conclusion Testing various specimens by IHC may generate different PTEN results in a small proportion of patients with TNBC; therefore, the decision of testing one versus multiple specimens in a clinical trial should be defined in the patient inclusion criteria. Although a distinct cutoff by which CNV differentiated PTEN-positive tumors from those with PTEN loss was not identified, higher copy number of PTEN may confer positive PTEN, whereas lower copy number of PTEN would necessitate additional testing by IHC to assess PTEN loss. Trial registration NCT02276443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laila Khazai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Senthil Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gaiane M. Rauch
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alastair M. Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Section of Breast Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beatriz Adrada
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiran Virani
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B. White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosalind Candelaria
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lumarie Santiago
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sadia Saleem
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sausan Abouharb
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi K. Murthy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nuhad Ibrahim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aysegul Sahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Trevarton AJ, Chang JT, Symmans WF. Simple combination of multiple somatic variant callers to increase accuracy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8463. [PMID: 37231022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Publications comparing variant caller algorithms present discordant results with contradictory rankings. Caller performances are inconsistent and wide ranging, and dependent upon input data, application, parameter settings, and evaluation metric. With no single variant caller emerging as a superior standard, combinations or ensembles of variant callers have appeared in the literature. In this study, a whole genome somatic reference standard was used to derive principles to guide strategies for combining variant calls. Then, manually annotated variants called from the whole exome sequencing of a tumor were used to corroborate these general principles. Finally, we examined the ability of these principles to reduce noise in targeted sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Trevarton
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, USA
| | - W Fraser Symmans
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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4
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Abuhadra N, Sun R, Bassett RL, Huo L, Chang JT, Teshome M, Clayborn AR, White JB, Ravenberg EE, Adrada BE, Candelaria RP, Yang W, Ding Q, Symmans WF, Arun B, Damodaran S, Koenig KB, Layman RM, Lim B, Litton JK, Thompson A, Ueno NT, Piwnica-Worms H, Hortobagyi GN, Valero V, Tripathy D, Rauch GM, Moulder S, Yam C. Targeting chemotherapy resistance in mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer: a phase II trial of neoadjuvant angiogenic and mTOR inhibition with chemotherapy. Invest New Drugs 2023:10.1007/s10637-023-01357-4. [PMID: 37043123 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Abuhadra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mediget Teshome
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyson R Clayborn
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beatriz E Adrada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosalind P Candelaria
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Senthil Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimberly B Koenig
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachel M Layman
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Griffiths JI, Cosgrove PA, Castaneda EM, Nath A, Chen J, Adler FR, Chang JT, Khan QJ, Bild AH. Abstract 4318: Cancer cell communication with macrophages prevents T cell activation during emergence of cell cycle therapy resistance. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
By corrupting signals for growth and survival, evolving cancer cells can engineer the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote treatment resistance. However, the specific interactions between malignant and non-malignant cells that predispose drug resistance and their changes during treatment remain widely unknown. Here we examine the composition, communication, and phenotypic diversity of tumor-associated cell populations in serial biopsies from early-stage ER+ breast cancers. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile over 400 thousand malignant and non-malignant cells from patient tumor samples obtained before, during and after treatment. The patients received either endocrine therapy (letrozole) alone or in combination with a CDK4/6 cell cycle inhibitor (ribociclib). Our analyses reveal that cancer cells from ribociclib-resistant tumors stimulate macrophage differentiation towards an immune-suppressive phenotype through upregulation of a diversity of cytokines and growth factors. The macrophage phenotype shift leads to reduced crosstalk with cytotoxic T-cells via IL-2/15/18 receptors, diminishing T-cell activation and recruitment. These results indicate that cancer communications promoting an immune-cold TME predispose tumors to develop CDK4/6 cell cycle inhibitor resistance, and that the beneficial effects of blocking cancer cell proliferation must be balanced against their inhibitory effect on immune cell division and activation. An optimal treatment strategy will require coupling the prevention of cancer division with activation of an effective cytotoxic T-cell response.
Citation Format: Jason I. Griffiths, Patrick A. Cosgrove, Eric Medina Castaneda, Aritro Nath, Jinfeng Chen, Frederick R. Adler, Jeffrey T. Chang, Qamar J. Khan, Andrea H. Bild. Cancer cell communication with macrophages prevents T cell activation during emergence of cell cycle therapy resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4318.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aritro Nath
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- 1City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | | | - Qamar J. Khan
- 4The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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6
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Burdett NL, Willis MO, Alsop K, Hunt AL, Pandey A, Hamilton PT, Abulez T, Liu X, Hoang T, Craig S, Fereday S, Hendley J, Garsed DW, Milne K, Kalaria S, Marshall A, Hood BL, Wilson KN, Conrads KA, Pishas KI, Ananda S, Scott CL, Antill Y, McNally O, Mileshkin L, Hamilton A, Au-Yeung G, Devereux L, Thorne H, Bild A, Bateman NW, Maxwell GL, Chang JT, Conrads TP, Nelson BH, Bowtell DDL, Christie EL. Multiomic analysis of homologous recombination-deficient end-stage high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Genet 2023; 55:437-450. [PMID: 36849657 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is frequently characterized by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair deficiency and, while most such tumors are sensitive to initial treatment, acquired resistance is common. We undertook a multiomics approach to interrogate molecular diversity in end-stage disease, using multiple autopsy samples collected from 15 women with HR-deficient HGSC. Patients had polyclonal disease, and several resistance mechanisms were identified within most patients, including reversion mutations and HR restoration by other means. We also observed frequent whole-genome duplication and global changes in immune composition with evidence of immune escape. This analysis highlights diverse evolutionary changes within HGSC that evade therapy and ultimately overwhelm individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L Burdett
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison L Hunt
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, Annandale, Victoria, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Tamara Abulez
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Therese Hoang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart Craig
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale W Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katy Milne
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shreena Kalaria
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley Marshall
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian L Hood
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katlin N Wilson
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen I Pishas
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sumitra Ananda
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Epworth Healthcare, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoland Antill
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peninsula health, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Orla McNally
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Mileshkin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne Hamilton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Au-Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, Annandale, Victoria, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Echeverria GV, Cai S, Tu Y, Shao J, Powell E, Redwood AB, Jiang Y, McCoy A, Rinkenbaugh AL, Lau R, Trevarton AJ, Fu C, Gould R, Ravenberg EE, Huo L, Candelaria R, Santiago L, Adrada BE, Lane DL, Rauch GM, Yang WT, White JB, Chang JT, Moulder SL, Symmans WF, Hilsenbeck SG, Piwnica-Worms H. Predictors of success in establishing orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of triple negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36627285 PMCID: PMC9831981 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of breast cancer are an effective discovery platform and tool for preclinical pharmacologic testing and biomarker identification. We established orthotopic PDX models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) from the primary breast tumors of patients prior to and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) while they were enrolled in the ARTEMIS trial (NCT02276443). Serial biopsies were obtained from patients prior to treatment (pre-NACT), from poorly responsive disease after four cycles of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC, mid-NACT), and in cases of AC-resistance, after a 3-month course of different experimental therapies and/or additional chemotherapy (post-NACT). Our study cohort includes a total of 269 fine needle aspirates (FNAs) from 217 women, generating a total of 62 PDX models (overall success-rate = 23%). Success of PDX engraftment was generally higher from those cancers that proved to be treatment-resistant, whether poorly responsive to AC as determined by ultrasound measurements mid-NACT (p = 0.063), RCB II/III status after NACT (p = 0.046), or metastatic relapse within 2 years of surgery (p = 0.008). TNBC molecular subtype determined from gene expression microarrays of pre-NACT tumors revealed no significant association with PDX engraftment rate (p = 0.877). Finally, we developed a statistical model predictive of PDX engraftment using percent Ki67 positive cells in the patient's diagnostic biopsy, positive lymph node status at diagnosis, and low volumetric reduction of the patient's tumor following AC treatment. This novel bank of 62 PDX models of TNBC provides a valuable resource for biomarker discovery and preclinical therapeutic trials aimed at improving neoadjuvant response rates for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria V Echeverria
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiansu Shao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Emily Powell
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abena B Redwood
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron McCoy
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda L Rinkenbaugh
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rosanna Lau
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander J Trevarton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunxiao Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rebekah Gould
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rosalind Candelaria
- Department of Breast Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lumarie Santiago
- Department of Breast Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beatriz E Adrada
- Department of Breast Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deanna L Lane
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei T Yang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - W Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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8
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Nath A, Cosgrove PA, Chang JT, Bild AH. Predicting clinical response to everolimus in ER+ breast cancers using machine-learning. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981962. [PMID: 36304922 PMCID: PMC9592823 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy remains the primary treatment choice for ER+ breast cancers. However, most advanced ER+ breast cancers ultimately develop resistance to endocrine. This acquired resistance to endocrine therapy is often driven by the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Everolimus, a drug that targets and inhibits the mTOR complex has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in metastatic ER+ breast cancers. However, there are no biomarkers currently available to guide the use of everolimus in the clinic for progressive patients, where multiple therapeutic options are available. Here, we utilized gene expression signatures from 9 ER+ breast cancer cell lines and 23 patients treated with everolimus to develop and validate an integrative machine learning biomarker of mTOR inhibitor response. Our results show that the machine learning biomarker can successfully distinguish responders from non-responders and can be applied to identify patients that will most likely benefit from everolimus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Nath
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, Monrovia, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Aritro Nath, ; Andrea H. Bild,
| | - Patrick A. Cosgrove
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrea H. Bild
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, Monrovia, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Aritro Nath, ; Andrea H. Bild,
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9
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Liao H, Gaur A, McConie H, Shekar A, Wang K, Chang JT, Breton G, Denicourt C. Human NOP2/NSUN1 regulates ribosome biogenesis through non-catalytic complex formation with box C/D snoRNPs. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10695-10716. [PMID: 36161484 PMCID: PMC9561284 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a base modification broadly found on various RNAs in the human transcriptome. In eukaryotes, m5C is catalyzed by enzymes of the NSUN family composed of seven human members (NSUN1-7). NOP2/NSUN1 has been primarily characterized in budding yeast as an essential ribosome biogenesis factor required for the deposition of m5C on the 25S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Although human NOP2/NSUN1 has been known to be an oncogene overexpressed in several types of cancer, its functions and substrates remain poorly characterized. Here, we used a miCLIP-seq approach to identify human NOP2/NSUN1 RNA substrates. Our analysis revealed that NOP2/NSUN1 catalyzes the deposition of m5C at position 4447 on the 28S rRNA. We also find that NOP2/NSUN1 binds to the 5′ETS region of the pre-rRNA transcript and regulates pre-rRNA processing through non-catalytic complex formation with box C/D snoRNAs. We provide evidence that NOP2/NSUN1 facilitates the recruitment of U3 and U8 snoRNAs to pre-90S ribosomal particles and their stable assembly into snoRNP complexes. Remarkably, expression of both WT and catalytically inactive NOP2/NSUN1 in knockdown background rescues the rRNA processing defects and the stable assembly of box C/D snoRNP complexes, suggesting that NOP2/NSUN1-mediated deposition of m5C on rRNA is not required for ribosome synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anushri Gaur
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hunter McConie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amirtha Shekar
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Wang
- Wiess College, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ghislain Breton
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Kumar T, Hobbs E, Yang F, Chang JT, Contreras A, Cuentas ERP, Garber H, Lee S, Lu Y, Scoggins ME, Adrada BE, Whitman GJ, Arun BK, Mittendorf EA, Litton JK. Tumor Immune Microenvironment Changes by Multiplex Immunofluorescence Staining in a Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Talazoparib for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients with a Hereditary BRCA Mutation. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3669-3676. [PMID: 35736816 PMCID: PMC9444971 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immunological profile of early-stage breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant PARP inhibitors has not been described. The aim of this study was to delineate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) induced by talazoparib. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with operable germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant (gBRCA1/2+) breast cancer were enrolled in a feasibility study of neoadjuvant talazoparib. Thirteen patients who received 8 weeks of neoadjuvant talazoparib were available for analysis, including 11 paired pre- and post-talazoparib core biopsies. Treatment-related changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were examined and immune cell phenotypes and their spatial distribution in the TiME were identified and quantified by multiplex immunofluorescence using a panel of 6 biomarkers (CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, and CK). RESULTS Neoadjuvant talazoparib significantly increased infiltrating intratumoral and stromal T-cell and cytotoxic T-cell density. There was no difference in PD-1 or PD-L1 immune cell phenotypes in the pre- and post-talazoparib specimens and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was rare in this cohort. Spatial analysis demonstrated that pre-talazoparib interactions between macrophages and T cells may correlate with pathologic complete response. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study with phenotyping to characterize the immune response to neoadjuvant talazoparib in patients with gBRCA1/2+ breast cancer. These findings support an emerging role for PARP inhibitors in enhancing tumor immunogenicity. Further investigation of combinatorial strategies is warranted with agents that exploit the immunomodulatory effects of PARP inhibitors on the TiME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapsi Kumar
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Evie Hobbs
- Division of Cancer Medicine Fellowship Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Alejandro Contreras
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Haven Garber
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marion E. Scoggins
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beatriz E. Adrada
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gary J. Whitman
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Banu K. Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, MA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer K. Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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McGrail DJ, Pilié PG, Rashid NU, Voorwerk L, Slagter M, Kok M, Jonasch E, Khasraw M, Heimberger AB, Ueno NT, Ferrarotto R, Chang JT, Lin SY. Validation of cancer-type dependent benefit from immune checkpoint blockade in TMB-H tumors identified by the FoundationOne CDx assay. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:1204-1206. [PMID: 35926816 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - P G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - N U Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - M Slagter
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - M Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - A B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - N T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - R Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
| | - S-Y Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Yam C, Abuhadra N, Sun R, Adrada BE, Ding QQ, White JB, Ravenberg EE, Clayborn AR, Valero V, Tripathy D, Damodaran S, Arun BK, Litton JK, Ueno NT, Murthy RK, Lim B, Baez L, Li X, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN, Thompson AM, Mittendorf EA, Rauch GM, Candelaria RP, Huo L, Moulder SL, Chang JT. Molecular Characterization and Prospective Evaluation of Pathologic Response and Outcomes with Neoadjuvant Therapy in Metaplastic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2878-2889. [PMID: 35507014 PMCID: PMC9250637 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer that is commonly triple-negative and poorly responsive to neoadjuvant therapy in retrospective studies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To better define clinical outcomes and correlates of response, we analyzed the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy, survival outcomes, and genomic and transcriptomic profiles of the pretreatment tumors in a prospective clinical trial (NCT02276443). A total of 211 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), including 39 with MpBC, received doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-based neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS Although not meeting the threshold for statistical significance, patients with MpBCs were less likely to experience a pCR (23% vs. 40%; P = 0.07), had shorter event-free survival (29.4 vs. 32.2 months, P = 0.15), metastasis-free survival (30.3 vs. 32.4 months, P = 0.22); and overall survival (32.6 vs. 34.3 months, P = 0.21). This heterogeneity is mirrored in the molecular profiling. Mutations in PI3KCA (23% vs. 9%, P = 0.07) and its pathway (41% vs. 18%, P = 0.02) were frequently observed and enriched in MpBCs. The gene expression profiles of each histologically defined subtype were distinguishable and characterized by distinctive gene signatures. Among nonmetaplastic (non-Mp) TNBCs, 10% possessed a metaplastic-like gene expression signature and had pCR rates and survival outcomes similar to MpBC. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations will determine if metaplastic-like tumors should be treated more similarly to MpBC in the clinic. The 23% pCR rate in this study suggests that patients with MpBC should be considered for NAT. To improve this rate, a pathway analysis predicted enrichment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and RTK/MAPK pathways in MpBC, which may serve as new targetable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nour Abuhadra
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz E. Adrada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B. White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyson R. Clayborn
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vicente Valero
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debu Tripathy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banu K. Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T. Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi K. Murthy
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Baez
- PROncology (Private Practice), University of Puerto Rico. San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute - Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aman U. Buzdar
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alistair M. Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Section of Breast Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MD, USA.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaiane M. Rauch
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosalind P. Candelaria
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy L. Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Liu X, Ge Z, Yang F, Contreras A, Lee S, White JB, Lu Y, Labrie M, Arun BK, Moulder SL, Mills GB, Piwnica-Worms H, Litton JK, Chang JT. Identification of biomarkers of response to preoperative talazoparib monotherapy in treatment naïve gBRCA+ breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:64. [PMID: 35538088 PMCID: PMC9090765 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 exist in ~2–7% of breast cancer patients, which has led to the approval of PARP inhibitors in the advanced setting. We have previously reported a phase II neoadjuvant trial of single agent talazoparib for patients with germline BRCA pathogenic variants with a pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 53%. As nearly half of the patients treated did not have pCR, better strategies are needed to overcome treatment resistance. To this end, we conducted multi-omic analysis of 13 treatment naïve breast cancer tumors from patients that went on to receive single-agent neoadjuvant talazoparib. We looked for biomarkers that were predictive of response (assessed by residual cancer burden) after 6 months of therapy. We found that all resistant tumors exhibited either the loss of SHLD2, expression of a hypoxia signature, or expression of a stem cell signature. These results indicate that the deep analysis of pre-treatment tumors can identify biomarkers that are predictive of response to talazoparib and potentially other PARP inhibitors, and provides a framework that will allow for better selection of patients for treatment, as well as a roadmap for the development of novel combination therapies to prevent emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro Contreras
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Genome Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Singh S, Lee N, Pedroza DA, Bado IL, Hamor C, Zhang L, Aguirre S, Hu J, Shen Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhao N, Chen SH, Wan YW, Liu Z, Chang JT, Hollern D, Perou CM, Zhang XHF, Rosen JM. Chemotherapy coupled to macrophage inhibition induces T-cell and B-cell infiltration and durable regression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2281-2297. [PMID: 35442423 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive elements within the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), can present a barrier to successful anti-tumor responses by cytolytic T cells. Here we employed preclinical syngeneic p53 null mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to develop a treatment regimen that harnessed the immunostimulatory effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide coupled with the pharmacologic inhibition of TAMs using either a small molecule CSF1R inhibitor or an anti-CSF1R antibody. This therapeutic combination was effective in treating several highly aggressive TNBC murine mammary tumor and lung metastasis models. Single cell RNA sequencing characterized tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) including helper T cells and antigen-presenting B cells that were highly enriched in responders to combination therapy. In one model that exhibited long-term post-treatment tumor regression, high dimensional imaging techniques identified the close spatial localization of B220+/CD86+-activated B cells and CD4+ T cells in tertiary lymphoid structures that were present up to 6 weeks post-treatment. The transcriptional and metabolic heterogeneity of TAMs was also characterized in two closely related claudin-low/mesenchymal subtype tumor models with differential treatment responses. A murine TAM signature derived from the T12 model was highly conserved in human claudin-low breast cancers, and high expression of the TAM signature correlated with reduced overall survival in breast cancer patients. This TAM signature may help identify human claudin-low breast cancer patients that will benefit from the combination of cyclophosphamide and anti-CSF1R therapy. These studies illustrate the complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment and highlight different immune responses that result from rational immunotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnima Singh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nigel Lee
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Diego A Pedroza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Igor L Bado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Clark Hamor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Immunomonitoring Core, Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, Texas
| | - Sergio Aguirre
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingyuan Hu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yichao Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yitian Xu
- Immunomonitoring Core, Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Immunomonitoring Core, Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), Houston, Texas
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Hollern
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Salk Cancer Center, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, La Jolla, California
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiang H F Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan. L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Baek LM, Lee J, Barrish JP, Lim B, Chang JT, Lorenzi PL, Porter W, Echeverria GV. Abstract P4-01-08: Morphological and functional plasticity of mitochondria in chemoresistant triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p4-01-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) used for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) eradicates tumors in only 45% of patients. TNBC patients with substantial residual cancer burden have poor metastasis free and overall survival rates. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of resistance to standard chemotherapy is essential. Our previous studies found mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was elevated and was a unique therapeutic dependency of residual tumor cells that survived after NACT. Mitochondria are morphologically plastic and dynamic organelles that continuously cycle between fission and fusion to maintain mitochondrial integrity and metabolic homeostasis. Mitochondrial fusion is thought to support OXPHOS through maintenance of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) which encodes 13 subunits of electron transport chain complexes. On the other hand, mitochondrial fission can be the precursor to mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria. We are investigating how mitochondrial structure dynamics impact metabolic states driving chemoresistance in TNBC. Methods We used a previously characterized orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model derived from the primary tumor of a treatment-naïve metastatic TNBC patient. After treatment with a standard NACT regimen, combined Adriamycin (aka doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide (AC), we observed initial partial response followed by tumor regrowth. We collected PDX tumors at three time points: pre-treatment, post-AC residual (when tumors reached the volume nadir), and post-AC tumors that later regrew to the starting tumor volume. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of human mitochondria to assess mitochondrial morphology and mass, respectively. For in vitro assays, we assessed mitochondria morphology, mtDNA content, and OXPHOS activity in TNBC cells treated with two different types of chemotherapeutic drugs, DNA-damaging agents (doxorubicin and carboplatin) and a microtubule-stabilizing agent (paclitaxel). To examine metabolic adaptations upon chemotherapy, we conducted 13C-glucose and glutamine flux metabolomics. To pharmaceutically perturb mitochondrial morphology, we used Mdivi-1 and Silibinin, known to induce mitochondrial fusion and fission, respectively. We assessed cell growth by Incucyte real-time imaging. Results: Analyses of residual PDX tumors after in vivo AC treatment revealed increased mitochondrial content, and increased average mitochondrial length in residual tumor cells. Metabolomic analysis of TNBC cells revealed all three chemotherapies induced glucose, but not glutamine, flux through the TCA cycle. Flux through glycolysis was not affected by chemotherapies. Treatment with doxorubicin and carboplatin, increased mitochondrial elongation, mtDNA content, and OXPHOS activity. Conversely, paclitaxel treatment reduced mitochondrial length and OXPHOS activity. We observed Mdivi-1 induced fusion concomitant with increased OXPHOS activity, while treatment with Silibinin reduced fusion and decreased OXPHOS. We next tested if induction of mitochondrial fission enhanced chemosensitivity. Sequential treatment of TNBC cells with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics followed by Silibinin perturbed OXPHOS and resulted in enhanced cell killing. Conclusion: These findings establish a functional role for mitochondrial structure in chemotherapeutic response and metabolic reprogramming, which may confer a survival advantage to TNBC cells. Given the increased chemosensitivity we observed after pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial fusion, our study suggests perturbing mitochondrial structure adaptations may provide an opportunity to overcome TNBC chemoresistance in the neoadjuvant setting.
Citation Format: Lily Mokryun Baek, Junegoo Lee, James P. Barrish, Bora Lim, Jeffrey T. Chang, Phillip L. Lorenzi, Weston Porter, Gloria V. Echeverria. Morphological and functional plasticity of mitochondria in chemoresistant triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-08.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bora Lim
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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16
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Shah V, Miao S, Yam C, Chang JT, Barton M, Piwnica-Worms H, Moulder S, Lozano G. Abstract P3-05-01: Role of TRIM24 in metaplastic breast cancer and nomination of potential therapeutic targets. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p3-05-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Within the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subclass, metaplastic TNBC (MpBC) tumors are comprised of heterogeneous, malignant epithelial (carcinoma) and mesenchymal (sarcoma) elements and are rare, highly aggressive, poorly differentiated and chemorefractory. There is an unmet need to develop therapies that address and improve survival of MpBC TNBC patients. We and others found that protein and mRNA levels of tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24) are elevated in breast cancers, and aberrant expression of TRIM24 is linked to poor patient survival. Our previous in vitro studies showed that TRIM24 is a multidomain protein with histone reader function via a PHD/bromodomain and E3 ligase function via a RING domain that targets p53 for degradation.Methods: To determine if TRIM24 is oncogenic in vivo, we created a mouse model with conditional over expression (COE) of TRIM24 in mammary epithelia (Trim24COE). Trim24COE mice develop tumors, which were subjected to pathology, immunohistochemistry, global transcriptional and single-cell protein expression profiling. Additionally, we determined expression of TRIM24 in MpBC patient-derived tumor arrays and xenografts (PDX). Trim24COE tumor-derived primary cell lines and 3D spheroids were assessed for function and response to targeted inhibition.Results: TRIM24 over expression is sufficient to drive development of murine metaplastic carcinosarcomas (70% of all tumors), which are highly penetrant and lacking ER, PR and HER2 expression. Using global RNA-sequencing and selected proteomic profiling (RPPA) followed by CyTOF, we found that EMT, glycolysis, angiogenesis, G2/M checkpoint regulators and cMET/PI3K/mTOR are top up-regulated pathways. We defined a TRIM24 gene expression signature for Trim24COE tumors to probe TNBC patient expression data and found that the TRIM24 signature positively correlates with MpBC TNBC. Using a PROTAC targeting TRIM24, we showed that degradation of TRIM24 reduces cell viability compared to control, both in TRIM24-driven primary tumor cell lines and MpBC PDX cell suspensions. Carbon 13 (C13) tracing and other metabolomics were used to determine the impact of TRIM24 in metabolic pathways, using 3D spheroids derived from Trim24COE carcinosarcomas. We found that up-regulation of TRIM24 lowers ROS to promote cell survival by increased production of NADPH via multiple metabolic pathways that can be reversed by knocking-down TRIM24 or with specific metabolic inhibitors.Conclusions: TRIM24 is a PHD/bromodomain histone reader and p53-targeting E3-ubiquitin ligase that, when aberrantly over expressed, promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. A majority of Trim24-driven tumors are carcinosarcomas, highly similar to MpBC TNBC. Genomewide RNA expression and protein profiling show TRIM24 over expression activates EMT and disrupts metabolic homeostasis. Findings from our mouse model are relevant to tumors derived from MpBC patients, as PDXs show high expression of TRIM24 and respond to PROTAC treatment of TRIM24. Further establishment of TRIM24’s role in metabolic pathways to reduce ROS and increase cell survival may reveal potential combinatorial therapeutic approaches for MpBC. These findings suggest exciting opportunities to exploit the Trim24COE mouse model as a means of understanding mechanisms of MpBC tumor development and for preclinical studies of new, epigenetic-based therapeutic approaches.
Citation Format: Vrutant Shah, Shucheng Miao, Clinton Yam, Jeffrey T Chang, Michelle Barton, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Stacy Moulder, Guillermina Lozano. Role of TRIM24 in metaplastic breast cancer and nomination of potential therapeutic targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-01.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey T Chang
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle Barton
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Portland, OR
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17
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Piccolo SR, Ence ZE, Anderson EC, Chang JT, Bild AH. Simplifying the development of portable, scalable, and reproducible workflows. eLife 2021; 10:71069. [PMID: 34643507 PMCID: PMC8514239 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Command-line software plays a critical role in biology research. However, processes for installing and executing software differ widely. The Common Workflow Language (CWL) is a community standard that addresses this problem. Using CWL, tool developers can formally describe a tool’s inputs, outputs, and other execution details. CWL documents can include instructions for executing tools inside software containers. Accordingly, CWL tools are portable—they can be executed on diverse computers—including personal workstations, high-performance clusters, or the cloud. CWL also supports workflows, which describe dependencies among tools and using outputs from one tool as inputs to others. To date, CWL has been used primarily for batch processing of large datasets, especially in genomics. But it can also be used for analytical steps of a study. This article explains key concepts about CWL and software containers and provides examples for using CWL in biology research. CWL documents are text-based, so they can be created manually, without computer programming. However, ensuring that these documents conform to the CWL specification may prevent some users from adopting it. To address this gap, we created ToolJig, a Web application that enables researchers to create CWL documents interactively. ToolJig validates information provided by the user to ensure it is complete and valid. After creating a CWL tool or workflow, the user can create ‘input-object’ files, which store values for a particular invocation of a tool or workflow. In addition, ToolJig provides examples of how to execute the tool or workflow via a workflow engine. ToolJig and our examples are available at https://github.com/srp33/ToolJig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
| | - Zachary E Ence
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Monrovia, United States
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18
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Shah VV, Duncan AD, Jiang S, Stratton SA, Allton KL, Yam C, Jain A, Krause PM, Lu Y, Cai S, Tu Y, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Carroll CL, Kang Z, Liu B, Shen J, Gagea M, Manu SM, Huo L, Gilcrease M, Powell RT, Guo L, Stephan C, Davies PJ, Parker-Thornburg J, Lozano G, Behringer RR, Piwnica-Worms H, Chang JT, Moulder SL, Barton MC. Mammary-specific expression of Trim24 establishes a mouse model of human metaplastic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5389. [PMID: 34508101 PMCID: PMC8433435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional overexpression of histone reader Tripartite motif containing protein 24 (TRIM24) in mouse mammary epithelia (Trim24COE) drives spontaneous development of mammary carcinosarcoma tumors, lacking ER, PR and HER2. Human carcinosarcomas or metaplastic breast cancers (MpBC) are a rare, chemorefractory subclass of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Comparison of Trim24COE metaplastic carcinosarcoma morphology, TRIM24 protein levels and a derived Trim24COE gene signature reveals strong correlation with human MpBC tumors and MpBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Global and single-cell tumor profiling reveal Met as a direct oncogenic target of TRIM24, leading to aberrant PI3K/mTOR activation. Here, we find that pharmacological inhibition of these pathways in primary Trim24COE tumor cells and TRIM24-PROTAC treatment of MpBC TNBC PDX tumorspheres decreased cellular viability, suggesting potential in therapeutically targeting TRIM24 and its regulated pathways in TRIM24-expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutant V Shah
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aundrietta D Duncan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Salarius Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiming Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medicine Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sabrina A Stratton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendra L Allton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav Jain
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick M Krause
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhijun Kang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian M Manu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Gilcrease
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Parker-Thornburg
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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McQuerry JA, Chen J, Chang JT, Bild AH. Tepoxalin increases chemotherapy efficacy in drug-resistant breast cancer cells overexpressing the multidrug transporter gene ABCB1. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101181. [PMID: 34298440 PMCID: PMC8322466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COX-2 encoding gene PTGS2 is up-regulated upon ABCB1 overexpression in mammary epithelial cells. The 5-LOX, COX-1/2 inhibitor tepoxalin plus chemotherapy improves treatment efficacy in ABCB1-expressing cells. Tepoxalin reduces chemotherapy-induced selection for drug-resistant ABCB1-expressing cells.
Effective cancer chemotherapy treatment requires both therapy delivery and retention by malignant cells. Cancer cell overexpression of the multidrug transmembrane transporter gene ABCB1 (MDR1, multi-drug resistance protein 1) thwarts therapy retention, leading to a drug-resistant phenotype. We explored the phenotypic impact of ABCB1 overexpression in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) via acute adenoviral delivery and in breast cancer cell lines with stable integration of inducible ABCB1 expression. One hundred sixty-two genes were differentially expressed between ABCB1-expressing and GFP-expressing HMECs, including the gene encoding the cyclooxygenase-2 protein, PTGS2. Several breast cancer cell lines with inducible ABCB1 expression demonstrated sensitivity to the 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase-1/2 inhibitor tepoxalin in two-dimensional drug response assays, and combination treatment of tepoxalin either with chemotherapies or with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors improved therapeutic efficacy in these lines. Moreover, selection for the ABCB1-expressing cell population was reduced in three-dimensional co-cultures of ABCB1-expressing and GFP-expressing cells when chemotherapy was given in combination with tepoxalin. Further study is warranted to ascertain the clinical potential of tepoxalin, an FDA-approved therapeutic for use in domesticated mammals, to restore chemosensitivity and improve drug response in patients with ABCB1-overexpressing drug-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A McQuerry
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1218 S Fifth Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1218 S Fifth Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, 1218 S Fifth Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.
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Yam C, Yen EY, Chang JT, Bassett RL, Alatrash G, Garber H, Huo L, Yang F, Philips AV, Ding QQ, Lim B, Ueno NT, Kannan K, Sun X, Sun B, Parra Cuentas ER, Symmans WF, White JB, Ravenberg E, Seth S, Guerriero JL, Rauch GM, Damodaran S, Litton JK, Wargo JA, Hortobagyi GN, Futreal A, Wistuba II, Sun R, Moulder SL, Mittendorf EA. Immune Phenotype and Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5365-5375. [PMID: 34253579 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is associated with higher rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the presence of TILs does not consistently predict pCR, therefore, the current study was undertaken to more fully characterize the immune cell response and its association with pCR. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We obtained pretreatment core-needle biopsies from 105 patients with stage I-III TNBC enrolled in ARTEMIS (NCT02276443) who received NAT from Oct 22, 2015 through July 24, 2018. The tumor-immune microenvironment was comprehensively profiled by performing T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) IHC, multiplex immunofluorescence, and RNA sequencing on pretreatment tumor samples. The primary endpoint was pathologic response to NAT. RESULTS The pCR rate was 40% (42/105). Higher TCR clonality (median = 0.2 vs. 0.1, P = 0.03), PD-L1 positivity (OR: 2.91, P = 0.020), higher CD3+:CD68+ ratio (median = 14.70 vs. 8.20, P = 0.0128), and closer spatial proximity of T cells to tumor cells (median = 19.26 vs. 21.94 μm, P = 0.0169) were associated with pCR. In a multivariable model, closer spatial proximity of T cells to tumor cells and PD-L1 expression enhanced prediction of pCR when considered in conjunction with clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS In patients receiving NAT for TNBC, deep immune profiling through detailed phenotypic characterization and spatial analysis can improve prediction of pCR in patients receiving NAT for TNBC when considered with traditional clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Yam
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Er-Yen Yen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haven Garber
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne V Philips
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Baohua Sun
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Roger Parra Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William Fraser Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B White
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Ravenberg
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gaiane M Rauch
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Senthil Damodaran
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Minegishi R, Gotoh O, Tanaka N, Maruyama R, Chang JT, Mori S. A method of sample-wise region-set enrichment analysis for DNA methylomics. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1081-1093. [PMID: 34241544 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Gene set analysis has commonly been used to interpret DNA methylome data. However, summarizing the DNA methylation level of a gene is challenging due to variability in the number, density and methylation levels of CpG sites, and the numerous intergenic CpGs. Instead, we propose to use region sets to annotate the DNA methylome. Methods: We developed single sample region-set enrichment analysis for DNA methylome (methyl-ssRSEA) to conduct sample-wise, region-set enrichment analysis. Results: Methyl-ssRSEA can handle both microarray- and sequencing-based platforms and reproducibly recover the known biology from the methylation profiles of peripheral blood cells and breast cancers. The performance was superior to existing tools for region-set analysis in discriminating blood cell types. Conclusion: Methyl-ssRSEA offers a novel way to functionally interpret the DNA methylome in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Minegishi
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Gotoh
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Tanaka
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seiichi Mori
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Chang JT, Gupta PP. An Unusual Presentation of Spontaneous Carotid Dissection in a Young Woman: Hypertension Rounds. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:hpab096. [PMID: 34156428 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J T Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside Community Hospital/UC Riverside School of Medicine
| | - P P Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
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23
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McGrail DJ, Pilié PG, Rashid NU, Voorwerk L, Slagter M, Kok M, Jonasch E, Khasraw M, Heimberger AB, Ueno NT, Ferrarotto R, Chang JT, Lin SY. Reply to: 'Real-world prevalence across 159 872 patients with cancer supports the clinical utility of TMB-H to define metastatic solid tumors for treatment with pembrolizumab.' by D. Fabrizio et al. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1194-1197. [PMID: 34166757 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - P G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N U Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - L Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Slagter
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago
| | - N T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S-Y Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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24
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Griffiths JI, Chen J, Cosgrove PA, O’Dea A, Sharma P, Ma C, Trivedi M, Kalinsky K, Wisinski KB, O’Regan R, Makhoul I, Spring LM, Bardia A, Adler FR, Cohen AL, Chang JT, Khan QJ, Bild AH. Serial single-cell genomics reveals convergent subclonal evolution of resistance as early-stage breast cancer patients progress on endocrine plus CDK4/6 therapy. Nat Cancer 2021; 2:658-671. [PMID: 34712959 PMCID: PMC8547038 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Combining cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors with endocrine therapy improves outcomes for metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer patients but its value in earlier stage patients is unclear. We examined evolutionary trajectories of early-stage breast cancer tumors, using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of serial biopsies from the FELINE clinical trial (#NCT02712723) of endocrine therapy (letrozole) alone or combined with the CDK inhibitor ribociclib. Despite differences in subclonal diversity evolution across patients and treatments, common resistance phenotypes emerged. Resistant tumors treated with combination therapy showed accelerated loss of estrogen signaling with convergent up-regulation of JNK signaling through growth factor receptors. In contrast, cancer cells maintaining estrogen signaling during mono- or combination therapy showed potentiation of CDK4/6 activation and ERK upregulation through ERBB4 signaling. These results indicate that combination therapy in early-stage ER+ breast cancer leads to emergence of resistance through a shift from estrogen to alternative growth signal-mediated proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. Griffiths
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of Utah 155 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick A. Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Anne O’Dea
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Cynthia Ma
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Meghna Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kari B. Wisinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Carbone Cancer Center, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Ruth O’Regan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Carbone Cancer Center, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Division of Internal Medical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Laura M. Spring
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Frederick R. Adler
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah 155 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Adam L. Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qamar J. Khan
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, 66160, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Andrea Bild () and Qamar Khan ()
| | - Andrea H. Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Andrea Bild () and Qamar Khan ()
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25
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Nath A, Cosgrove PA, Mirsafian H, Christie EL, Pflieger L, Copeland B, Majumdar S, Cristea MC, Han ES, Lee SJ, Wang EW, Fereday S, Traficante N, Salgia R, Werner T, Cohen AL, Moos P, Chang JT, Bowtell DDL, Bild AH. Evolution of core archetypal phenotypes in progressive high grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3039. [PMID: 34031395 PMCID: PMC8144406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cells following chemotherapy is only partially understood. To understand the selection of factors driving heterogeneity before and through adaptation to treatment, we profile single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomes of HGSOC tumors collected longitudinally during therapy. We analyze scRNA-seq data from two independent patient cohorts to reveal that HGSOC is driven by three archetypal phenotypes, defined as oncogenic states that describe the majority of the transcriptome variation. Using a multi-task learning approach to identify the biological tasks of each archetype, we identify metabolism and proliferation, cellular defense response, and DNA repair signaling as consistent cell states found across patients. Our analysis demonstrates a shift in favor of the metabolism and proliferation archetype versus cellular defense response archetype in cancer cells that received multiple lines of treatment. While archetypes are not consistently associated with specific whole-genome driver mutations, they are closely associated with subclonal populations at the single-cell level, indicating that subclones within a tumor often specialize in unique biological tasks. Our study reveals the core archetypes found in progressive HGSOC and shows consistent enrichment of subclones with the metabolism and proliferation archetype as resistance is acquired to multiple lines of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Hoda Mirsafian
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lance Pflieger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Copeland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Majumdar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Mihaela C Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Ernest S Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Edward W Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Werner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Philip Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA.
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26
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McGrail DJ, Pilié PG, Rashid NU, Voorwerk L, Slagter M, Kok M, Jonasch E, Khasraw M, Heimberger AB, Lim B, Ueno NT, Litton JK, Ferrarotto R, Chang JT, Moulder SL, Lin SY. High tumor mutation burden fails to predict immune checkpoint blockade response across all cancer types. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:661-672. [PMID: 33736924 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), largely due to the potential for tumor mutations to generate immunogenic neoantigens. Despite recent pan-cancer approval of ICB treatment for any TMB-H tumor, as assessed by the targeted FoundationOne CDx assay in nine tumor types, the utility of this biomarker has not been fully demonstrated across all cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from over 10 000 patient tumors included in The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to compare approaches to determine TMB and identify the correlation between predicted neoantigen load and CD8 T cells. Association of TMB with ICB treatment outcomes was analyzed by both objective response rates (ORRs, N = 1551) and overall survival (OS, N = 1936). RESULTS In cancer types where CD8 T-cell levels positively correlated with neoantigen load, such as melanoma, lung, and bladder cancers, TMB-H tumors exhibited a 39.8% ORR to ICB [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.9-44.8], which was significantly higher than that observed in low TMB (TMB-L) tumors [odds ratio (OR) = 4.1, 95% CI 2.9-5.8, P < 2 × 10-16]. In cancer types that showed no relationship between CD8 T-cell levels and neoantigen load, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and glioma, TMB-H tumors failed to achieve a 20% ORR (ORR = 15.3%, 95% CI 9.2-23.4, P = 0.95), and exhibited a significantly lower ORR relative to TMB-L tumors (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.88, P = 0.02). Bulk ORRs were not significantly different between the two categories of tumors (P = 0.10) for patient cohorts assessed. Equivalent results were obtained by analyzing OS and by treating TMB as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis failed to support application of TMB-H as a biomarker for treatment with ICB in all solid cancer types. Further tumor type-specific studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - P G Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N U Rashid
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - L Voorwerk
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Slagter
- Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - A B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - B Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - R Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S-Y Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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27
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Liu X, Gosline SJC, Pflieger LT, Wallet P, Iyer A, Guinney J, Bild AH, Chang JT. Knowledge-based classification of fine-grained immune cell types in single-cell RNA-Seq data. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6157454. [PMID: 33681983 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is an emerging strategy for characterizing immune cell populations. Compared to flow or mass cytometry, scRNA-Seq could potentially identify cell types and activation states that lack precise cell surface markers. However, scRNA-Seq is currently limited due to the need to manually classify each immune cell from its transcriptional profile. While recently developed algorithms accurately annotate coarse cell types (e.g. T cells versus macrophages), making fine distinctions (e.g. CD8+ effector memory T cells) remains a difficult challenge. To address this, we developed a machine learning classifier called ImmClassifier that leverages a hierarchical ontology of cell type. We demonstrate that its predictions are highly concordant with flow-based markers from CITE-seq and outperforms other tools (+15% recall, +14% precision) in distinguishing fine-grained cell types with comparable performance on coarse ones. Thus, ImmClassifier can be used to explore more deeply the heterogeneity of the immune system in scRNA-Seq experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Lance T Pflieger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Pierre Wallet
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Archana Iyer
- Center for Cancer Systems Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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28
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Griffiths JI, Chen J, Cosgrove PA, O'Dea A, Sharma P, Ma CX, Trivedi M, Kalinsky K, Wisinski KB, O'Reagan R, Makhoul I, Spring LM, Bardia A, Adler FR, Cohen AL, Chang JT, Khan QJ, Bild AH. Abstract SP012: Convergent evolution of resistance pathways during early stage breast cancer treatment with combination cell cycle (CDK) and endocrine signaling inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-sp12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Combining cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors with endocrine therapy improves outcomes for metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 negative, breast cancer patients. However, the value of this combination in potentially curable earlier stage patients is not clear. Using single cell transcriptomic profiling, we examined the evolutionary trajectories of early stage breast cancer tumors using serial tumor biopsies from a clinical trial of preoperative endocrine therapy alone (letrozole) or in combination with the cell cycle inhibitor ribociclib. Applying hierarchical regression and Gaussian process mathematical modelling, we classified each tumor by whether it shrinks or persists with therapy and determined cancer phenotypes related to evolution of resistance and cell cycle transcriptional rewiring. We found that all patients’ tumors undergo subclonal evolution during therapy, irrespective of the clinical response. However, tumors subjected to endocrine therapy alone showed reduced diversity over time, those facing combination therapy exhibited increased diversity. Despite different diversity, single nuclei RNA sequencing uncovered common phenotypic changes in tumor cells that persist following treatment. In these tumors, accelerated loss of estrogen signaling is convergent with up-regulation of the JNK pathway, while persistent tumors that maintain estrogen signaling during therapy show potentiation of CDK4/6 activation consistent with ERBB4 and ERK signaling up-regulation. Cell cycle reconstruction identified that these tumors can rebound during combination therapy treatment, indicating stronger selection and promotion of a proliferative state. These results indicate that combination therapy in early stage ER+ breast cancers with ER and CDK inhibition drives rapid evolution of resistance via a shift from estrogen signaling to alternative growth factor receptor mediated proliferation and JNK signaling activation, concordant with a bypass in the G1 checkpoint.
Citation Format: JI Griffiths, J Chen, PA Cosgrove, A O'Dea, P Sharma, CX Ma, M Trivedi, K Kalinsky, KB Wisinski, R O'Reagan, I Makhoul, LM Spring, A Bardia, FR Adler, AL Cohen, JT Chang, QJ Khan, AH Bild. Convergent evolution of resistance pathways during early stage breast cancer treatment with combination cell cycle (CDK) and endocrine signaling inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr SP012.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Chen
- 1City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | | | - A O'Dea
- 2University of Kanas Medical Center, Westwood, KS
| | | | - CX Ma
- 4Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - M Trivedi
- 5Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - K Kalinsky
- 5Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - KB Wisinski
- 6University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - R O'Reagan
- 6University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - I Makhoul
- 7University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - LM Spring
- 8Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - FR Adler
- 9University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - AL Cohen
- 10Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - JT Chang
- 11UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - QJ Khan
- 12University of Kansas Medical Center, DuarteWestwood, KS
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Singh K, Pruski M, Bland R, Younes M, Guha S, Thosani N, Maitra A, Cash BD, McAllister F, Logsdon CD, Chang JT, Bailey-Lundberg JM. Kras mutation rate precisely orchestrates ductal derived pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 101:177-192. [PMID: 33009500 PMCID: PMC8172380 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Despite the high prevalence of Kras mutations in pancreatic cancer patients, murine models expressing the oncogenic mutant Kras (Krasmut) in mature pancreatic cells develop PDAC at a low frequency. Independent of cell of origin, a second genetic hit (loss of tumor suppressor TP53 or PTEN) is important for development of PDAC in mice. We hypothesized ectopic expression and elevated levels of oncogenic mutant Kras would promote PanIN arising in pancreatic ducts. To test our hypothesis, the significance of elevating levels of K-Ras and Ras activity has been explored by expression of a CAG driven LGSL-KrasG12V allele (cKras) in pancreatic ducts, which promotes ectopic Kras expression. We predicted expression of cKras in pancreatic ducts would generate neoplasia and PDAC. To test our hypothesis, we employed tamoxifen dependent CreERT2 mediated recombination. Hnf1b:CreERT2;KrasG12V (cKrasHnf1b/+) mice received 1 (Low), 5 (Mod) or 10 (High) mg per 20 g body weight to recombine cKras in low (cKrasLow), moderate (cKrasMod), and high (cKrasHigh) percentages of pancreatic ducts. Our histologic analysis revealed poorly differentiated aggressive tumors in cKrasHigh mice. cKrasMod mice had grades of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN), recapitulating early and advanced PanIN observed in human PDAC. Proteomics analysis revealed significant differences in PTEN/AKT and MAPK pathways between wild type, cKrasLow, cKrasMod, and cKrasHigh mice. In conclusion, in this study, we provide evidence that ectopic expression of oncogenic mutant K-Ras in pancreatic ducts generates early and late PanIN as well as PDAC. This Ras rheostat model provides evidence that AKT signaling is an important early driver of invasive ductal derived PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pruski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachael Bland
- Kings College London, Department of Pharmacology, London, UK
| | - Mamoun Younes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sushovan Guha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nirav Thosani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooks D Cash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer M Bailey-Lundberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Abstract
The somatostatin receptor 2A (SST2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in neuroendocrine tissues within the gastrointestinal tract and brain, and is commonly overexpressed in many neuroendocrine tumors. Moreover, SST2 agonists are used clinically as the primary pharmacological treatment to suppress excess hormone secretion in a variety of neuroendocrine tumors. Despite its wide clinical use, mechanisms controlling the trafficking and signaling of SST2 are not fully understood. SST2 contains a C-terminal post-synaptic density 95, Drosophila discs large, zona-occludens 1 (PDZ) domain-binding motif that has been shown to interact with 3 different PDZ domain-containing proteins. However, the consequences of these interactions are not well understood, nor is it known whether additional PDZ domain proteins interact with SST2. Through unbiased screening we have identified 10 additional PDZ domain proteins that interact with SST2. We chose one of these, SYNJ2BP, for further study. We observed that SYNJ2BP interacted with SST2 in an agonist-dependent manner, and that this required the PDZ binding site of SST2. Importantly, overexpression of SYNJ2BP enhanced ligand-stimulated receptor internalization. Mechanistically, SYNJ2BP interacted with G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and promoted GRK-dependent phosphorylation of the receptor after somatostatin stimulation. Interaction with GRK2 required the C-terminus of SYNJ2BP. Binding to SYNJ2BP did not affect the ability of SST2 to suppress 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate production, but was required for optimal agonist-stimulated extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2 activation. These data indicated that SYNJ2BP is an SST2-interacting protein that modulates agonist-stimulated receptor regulation and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S Carr
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Frost
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Correspondence: Jeffrey A. Frost, PhD, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Symons JL, Cho KJ, Chang JT, Du G, Waxham MN, Hancock JF, Levental I, Levental KR. Lipidomic atlas of mammalian cell membranes reveals hierarchical variation induced by culture conditions, subcellular membranes, and cell lineages. Soft Matter 2021; 17:288-297. [PMID: 32451522 PMCID: PMC7688498 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid membranes are ubiquitous biological organizers, required for structural and functional compartmentalization of the cell and sub-cellular organelles. Membranes in living cells are compositionally complex, comprising hundreds of dynamically regulated, distinct lipid species. Cellular physiology requires tight regulation of these lipidomic profiles to achieve proper membrane functionality. While some general features of tissue- and organelle-specific lipid complements have been identified, less is known about detailed lipidomic variations caused by cell-intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Here, we use shotgun lipidomics to report detailed, comprehensive lipidomes of a variety of cultured and primary mammalian membrane preparations to identify trends and sources of variation. Unbiased principle component analysis (PCA) shows clear separation between cultured and primary cells, with primary erythrocytes, synaptic membranes, and other mammalian tissue lipidomes sharply diverging from all cultured cell lines and also from one other. Most broadly, cultured cell membrane preparations were distinguished by their paucity of polyunsaturated lipids. Cultured mammalian cell lines were comparatively similar to one another, although we detected clear, highly reproducible lipidomic signatures of individual cell lines and plasma membrane (PM) isolations thereof. These measurements begin to establish a comprehensive lipidomic atlas of mammalian cells and tissues, identifying some major sources of variation. These observations will allow investigation of the regulation and functional significance of mammalian lipidomes in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Symons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 4.202, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Vasaikar SV, Deshmukh AP, den Hollander P, Addanki S, Kuburich NA, Kudaravalli S, Joseph R, Chang JT, Soundararajan R, Mani SA. EMTome: a resource for pan-cancer analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes and signatures. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:259-269. [PMID: 33299129 PMCID: PMC7782839 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables dissociation of tumour cells from the primary tumour mass, invasion through the extracellular matrix, intravasation into blood vessels and colonisation of distant organs. Cells that revert to the epithelial state via the mesenchymal-epithelial transition cause metastases, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. EMT also empowers cancer cells with stem-cell properties and induces resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Understanding the driving factors of EMT is critical for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. METHODS This manuscript describes the generation of a database containing EMT gene signatures derived from cell lines, patient-derived xenografts and patient studies across cancer types and multiomics data and the creation of a web-based portal to provide a comprehensive analysis resource. RESULTS EMTome incorporates (i) EMT gene signatures; (ii) EMT-related genes with multiomics features across different cancer types; (iii) interactomes of EMT-related genes (miRNAs, transcription factors, and proteins); (iv) immune profiles identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts by exploring transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, and drug sensitivity and (iv) clinical outcomes of cancer cohorts linked to EMT gene signatures. CONCLUSION The web-based EMTome portal is a resource for primary and metastatic tumour research publicly available at www.emtome.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abhijeet P Deshmukh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sridevi Addanki
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nick Allen Kuburich
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sriya Kudaravalli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Singh K, Pruski M, Bland R, Younes M, Guha S, Thosani N, Maitra A, Cash BD, McAllister F, Logsdon CD, Chang JT, Bailey-Lundberg JM. Correction to: Kras mutation rate precisely orchestrates ductal derived pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1304. [PMID: 34079044 PMCID: PMC8367812 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Singh
- grid.468222.8Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.468222.8Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Melissa Pruski
- grid.468222.8Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Rachael Bland
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Kings College London, Department of Pharmacology, London, UK
| | - Mamoun Younes
- grid.468222.8Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sushovan Guha
- grid.468222.8Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nirav Thosani
- grid.468222.8Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Brooks D. Cash
- grid.468222.8Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- grid.468222.8Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey-Lundberg
- grid.468222.8Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA ,grid.468222.8Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
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Pourebrahim K, Marian JG, Tan Y, Chang JT, Marian AJ. A combinatorial oligogenic basis for the phenotypic plasticity between late-onset dilated and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in a single family. JCA 2021; 1. [PMID: 34790974 PMCID: PMC8594872 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2021.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Pourebrahim
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yanli Tan
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Chang
- Integrative Biology & Pharm, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J. Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Baek M, Chang JT, Echeverria GV. Methodological Advancements for Investigating Intra-tumoral Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer at the Bench and Bedside. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:289-304. [PMID: 33300087 PMCID: PMC7960623 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a major need to overcome therapeutic resistance and metastasis that eventually arises in many breast cancer patients. Therapy resistant and metastatic tumors are increasingly recognized to possess intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH), a diversity of cells within an individual tumor. First hypothesized in the 1970s, the possibility that this complex ITH may endow tumors with adaptability and evolvability to metastasize and evade therapies is now supported by multiple lines of evidence. Our understanding of ITH has been driven by recent methodological advances including next-generation sequencing, computational modeling, lineage tracing, single-cell technologies, and multiplexed in situ approaches. These have been applied across a range of specimens, including patient tumor biopsies, liquid biopsies, cultured cell lines, and mouse models. In this review, we discuss these approaches and how they have deepened our understanding of the mechanistic origins of ITH amongst tumor cells, including stem cell-like differentiation hierarchies and Darwinian evolution, and the functional role for ITH in breast cancer progression. While ITH presents a challenge for combating tumor evolution, in-depth analyses of ITH in clinical biopsies and laboratory models hold promise to elucidate therapeutic strategies that should ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokryun Baek
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Integrative Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gloria V Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Chi F, Liu J, Brady SW, Cosgrove PA, Nath A, McQuerry JA, Majumdar S, Moos PJ, Chang JT, Kahn M, Bild AH. A `one-two punch' therapy strategy to target chemoresistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100946. [PMID: 33221681 PMCID: PMC7689336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient tumor subclones that survive chemotherapy acquire primitive cell traits. HDAC inhibitors can reverse chemo-acquired stemness states and abolish self-renewal abilities. Belinostat promotes stem cell differentiation and inhibits HDAC and MYC pathways. A ‘one-two punch’, chemotherapy-HDAC inhibitor combination strategy reverses chemo-induced resistant phenotypes.
Cancer cell phenotypes evolve during a tumor's treatment. In some cases, tumor cells acquire cancer stem cell-like (CSL) traits such as resistance to chemotherapy and diminished differentiation; therefore, targeting these cells may be therapeutically beneficial. In this study we show that in progressive estrogen receptor positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer tumors, resistant subclones that emerge following chemotherapy have increased CSL abundance. Further, in vitro organoid growth of ER+ patient cancer cells also shows that chemotherapy treatment leads to increased abundance of ALDH+/CD44+ CSL cells. Chemotherapy induced CSL abundance is blocked by treatment with a pan-HDAC inhibitor, belinostat. Belinostat treatment diminished both mammosphere formation and size following chemotherapy, indicating a decrease in progenitor CSL traits. HDAC inhibitors specific to class IIa (HDAC4, HDAC5) and IIb (HDAC6) were shown to primarily reverse the chemo-resistant CSL state. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with patient samples showed that HDAC targets and MYC signaling were promoted by chemotherapy and inhibited upon HDAC inhibitor treatment. In summary, HDAC inhibition can block chemotherapy-induced drug resistant phenotypes with ‘one-two punch’ strategy in refractory breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Samuel W Brady
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Jasmine A McQuerry
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States; Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sumana Majumdar
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
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Powell RT, Redwood A, Guo L, Cai S, Tu Y, Jiang Y, Liu X, Zhou X, Stephan C, Davies P, Chang JT, Moulder S, Symmans WF, Piwnica-Worms H. Abstract 4106: High throughput chemical profiling of chemoresistant triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) makes up approximately 10-20% of all breast cancers, is characterized by a lack of targeted therapies, and in approximately 40-50% of cases a significant residual cancer burden remains after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, thus presenting a need to identify actionable targets in both treatment naive and resistant settings. To address the unmet treatment needs of chemo-resistant patients, our multi-institutional collaborative of clinical oncologists and basic researchers are assembling a panel of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TNBC as part of an ongoing IRB-approved clinical trial at MD Anderson Cancer Center (ARTEMIS; NCT02276443). PDX models are generated from serial fine needle aspirates of primary TNBC from patients (1) prior to treatment, and in non-responding tumors (2) after four cycles of Adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide (AC), and (3) after a 3-month course of targeted therapy.
We first developed a standardized intake procedure that simultaneously optimized cell seeding densities in 384-well plates, tested multiple cell culturing medias, determined baseline phenotypic characteristics, and established robust assay controls. After optimization, we performed high-throughput drug screens with a panel of 634 mechanistically annotated chemical probes that are FDA approved, late stage investigational or mechanistic probes. A bioluminescent reporter quantifying the amount of ATP (CellTiter Glo, Promega) was used as a surrogate readout of cell viability, which is well suited for the majority of PDX cultures that grew as non-adherent multi-cellular aggregates as well as being integrable into larger datasets run in a similar format. Screening assays are performed with 3-4 technical replicates over a three log concentration range (10.0, 1.0, 0.1 uM). The effectiveness of each drug is summarized as an area under the fitted concentration-response curve, simultaneously capturing alterations in potency and efficacy.
In total, we have tested 21 PDX models isolated from 14 unique patients using this strategy. From these data, we show that PDX models generated from individual patients have unique pharmacologic profiles with little correspondence to molecularly defined sub-classifications, which may suggest the need for the development of an actionable sub-classification strategy to better stratify patients. Despite the significant heterogeneity across pharmacologic profiles, we identified a consolidated set of drugs targeting specific epigenetic processes and protein homeostasis that have increased activity in a subset of chemo-resistant samples. We are currently collecting orthogonal data including next-generation sequencing and transcriptomics to further elucidate the mechanism of these targets and identify potential biomarkers.
Citation Format: Reid Trenton Powell, Abena Redwood, Lei Guo, Shirong Cai, Yizheng Tu, Yan Jiang, Xuan Liu, Xinhui Zhou, Clifford Stephan, Peter Davies, Jeffrey T. Chang, Stacey Moulder, William F. Symmans, Helen Piwnica-Worms. High throughput chemical profiling of chemoresistant triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4106.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Jiang
- 2MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xuan Liu
- 3UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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Seth S, Huo L, Rauch GM, Adrada B, Piwnica-Worms H, Lim B, Thompson AM, Mittendorf EA, Heffernan T, Litton JK, Symmans WF, Draetta GF, Futreal AP, Chang JT, Moulder SL. Abstract 1497: Longitudinal response and selection under neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Profiling results from a randomized trial (ARTEMIS; NCT02276443). Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The heterogeneity of TNBC results in a spectrum of responses to NAST: 30-40% of patients (pts) have a pathologic complete response (pCR) with an excellent prognosis. Several methods have been used to measure and evaluate residual disease, including ultrasound, MRI scans, histo-pathology. In addition to these, we hypothesize that comprehensive molecular profiling of longitudinal biopsies, with an integrative evaluation of sub-clonal selection and changes in molecular pathways, will serve as a critical biomarker for chemotherapy, and subsequent targeted therapy trials.
Methods: Pts with stage I-III TNBC began a planned 4 cycles of Adriamycin-based chemo (AC). Biopsies were performed pre (mandatory) and post (optional) AC. Volumetric change by ultrasound (VUS) at completion of AC (or progression) was calculated. Pts with sensitive disease received subsequent taxane-based (T) therapy. Pts with insensitive disease were offered phase II trials. Pathologic response was assessed at surgical resection in 85 pts (Training N=55, Validation N=30). Matched samples, pre and post AC (N = 85 pts) underwent transcriptomic and genomic profiling. Samples were classified into six previously identified ARTEMIS subtypes of TNBC (ART-Type) and immune deconvolution and estimation were performed using RNA-Seq profiles. Multiplex IHC using the Vectra platform is being used to validate results from bulk RNASeq experiments. Somatic mutations and copy-number changes were evaluated using, Mutect2, Sequenza (and FACETs), and PhyloWGS (and PyClone).
Results: Predominately, tumors reacted to AC in 4 different patterns with variation in immune and EMT related pathways. Enrichment of EMT (Group 4) was associated with poor prognosis and higher RCB (10.3% vs 42% pCR rates, p<0.05). The global changes in transcription led to ART-Type switching in all subtypes (44% of pts), except LAR subtype. This subtype was enriched in Group 3 (low overall change), and associated with PIK3CA mutations. MYC amplification was more prevalent (40%) in Group 4, associated with higher EMT and poor prognosis than other groups (28%). Multiple time points were leveraged to constrain sub-clonal clustering and enhance the accuracy of phylogenetic tree construction. Significant sub-clonal selection was detected in 22% of evaluable cases with pre and post biopsies (N=55), with analysis of the validation cohort underway. Molecular subtypes were marginally associated with overall and progression-free survival.
Conclusions: Molecular profiling of longitudinal TNBC samples reveals distinct response patterns in tumors and their micro-environments upon treatment with AC. Integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic changes can lead to better stratification of response to NAST. These patterns were indicative of pathologic response in the initial cohort (N=55). Analysis of the second cohort (N=30) will be presented as a validation cohort.
Citation Format: Sahil Seth, Lei Huo, Gaiane M. Rauch, Beatriz Adrada, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Bora Lim, Alastair M. Thompson, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Timothy Heffernan, Jennifer K. Litton, William F. Symmans, Giulio F. Draetta, Andrew P. Futreal, Jeffrey T. Chang, Stacy L. Moulder. Longitudinal response and selection under neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Profiling results from a randomized trial (ARTEMIS; NCT02276443) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Seth
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Huo
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Bora Lim
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Griffiths JI, Wallet P, Pflieger LT, Stenehjem D, Liu X, Cosgrove PA, Leggett NA, McQuerry JA, Shrestha G, Rossetti M, Sunga G, Moos PJ, Adler FR, Chang JT, Sharma S, Bild AH. Circulating immune cell phenotype dynamics reflect the strength of tumor-immune cell interactions in patients during immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16072-16082. [PMID: 32571915 PMCID: PMC7355015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918937117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which immune cell phenotypes in the peripheral blood reflect within-tumor immune activity prior to and early in cancer therapy is unclear. To address this question, we studied the population dynamics of tumor and immune cells, and immune phenotypic changes, using clinical tumor and immune cell measurements and single-cell genomic analyses. These samples were serially obtained from a cohort of advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients enrolled in a trial with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Using an ecological population model, fitted to clinical tumor burden and immune cell abundance data from each patient, we find evidence of a strong tumor-circulating immune cell interaction in responder patients but not in those patients that progress on treatment. Upon initiation of therapy, immune cell abundance increased rapidly in responsive patients, and once the peak level is reached tumor burden decreases, similar to models of predator-prey interactions; these dynamic patterns were absent in nonresponder patients. To interrogate phenotype dynamics of circulating immune cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing at serial time points during treatment. These data show that peripheral immune cell phenotypes were linked to the increased strength of patients' tumor-immune cell interaction, including increased cytotoxic differentiation and strong activation of interferon signaling in peripheral T cells in responder patients. Joint modeling of clinical and genomic data highlights the interactions between tumor and immune cell populations and reveals how variation in patient responsiveness can be explained by differences in peripheral immune cell signaling and differentiation soon after the initiation of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Griffiths
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Pierre Wallet
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Lance T Pflieger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - David Stenehjem
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Neena A Leggett
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jasmine A McQuerry
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Gajendra Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Gemalene Sunga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Frederick R Adler
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Translational Oncology Research & Drug Discovery, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010;
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Echeverria GV, Ge Z, Seth S, Zhang X, Jeter-Jones S, Zhou X, Cai S, Tu Y, McCoy A, Peoples M, Sun Y, Qiu H, Chang Q, Bristow C, Carugo A, Shao J, Ma X, Harris A, Mundi P, Lau R, Ramamoorthy V, Wu Y, Alvarez MJ, Califano A, Moulder SL, Symmans WF, Marszalek JR, Heffernan TP, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H. Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer mediated by a reversible drug-tolerant state. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/488/eaav0936. [PMID: 30996079 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eradicating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a critical unmet clinical need. In this study, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naïve TNBC and serial biopsies from TNBC patients undergoing NACT were used to elucidate mechanisms of chemoresistance in the neoadjuvant setting. Barcode-mediated clonal tracking and genomic sequencing of PDX tumors revealed that residual tumors remaining after treatment with standard frontline chemotherapies, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) combined with cyclophosphamide (AC), maintained the subclonal architecture of untreated tumors, yet their transcriptomes, proteomes, and histologic features were distinct from those of untreated tumors. Once treatment was halted, residual tumors gave rise to AC-sensitive tumors with similar transcriptomes, proteomes, and histological features to those of untreated tumors. Together, these results demonstrated that tumors can adopt a reversible drug-tolerant state that does not involve clonal selection as an AC resistance mechanism. Serial biopsies obtained from patients with TNBC undergoing NACT revealed similar histologic changes and maintenance of stable subclonal architecture, demonstrating that AC-treated PDXs capture molecular features characteristic of human TNBC chemoresistance. Last, pharmacologic inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using an inhibitor currently in phase 1 clinical development delayed residual tumor regrowth. Thus, AC resistance in treatment-naïve TNBC can be mediated by nonselective mechanisms that confer a reversible chemotherapy-tolerant state with targetable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria V Echeverria
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sabrina Jeter-Jones
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron McCoy
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Peoples
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuting Sun
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huan Qiu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiansu Shao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela Harris
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Prabhjot Mundi
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosanna Lau
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vandhana Ramamoorthy
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,DarwinHealth Inc., New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William F Symmans
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Co-Clinical Trials Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Echeverria GV, Xu M, Shao J, Zhang X, Jeter-Jones S, Zhou X, Moulder SL, Marszalek JR, Heffernan TP, Symmans FW, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H. Abstract GS4-02: Investigating genomic and phenotypic evolution of triple negative breast cancer chemoresistance and metastasis in patient-derived xenografts. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-gs4-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 50% of patients with newly diagnosed triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) will have substantial residual cancer burden following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), resulting in distant metastasis and death for most patients. While intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is pervasive in TNBC, the functional contributions of heterogeneous tumor cell populations to resistance and metastasis remain unclear.
To investigate tumor evolution, we employed orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naïve TNBC. A subset of PDX models exhibited partial tumor regression following standard front-line NACT, but repopulated tumors with chemo-sensitive cells after a drug holiday, suggesting that resistance may be mediated by a plastic state. Cellular barcoding and genomic sequencing revealed that residual tumors entered a transient chemotherapy-tolerant phenotypic state not mediated by clonal selection. Altered tumor cell metabolism was a functional vulnerability of residual tumor cells. Residual tumors exhibited heightened mitochondrial load and oxidative capacity compared to pre-treatment tumors. Furthermore, treatment with IACS-010759, a small molecule inhibitor of electron transport chain Complex I currently in phase I clinical development, significantly delayed the regrowth of residual tumors. Features of the residual tumor state were also observed in serial biopsies obtained pre- and post-AC from TNBC patients (NCT02276443). While the mechanisms contributing to altered mitochondrial metabolism in chemoresistant TNBCs remain unclear, preliminary findings suggest that altered mitochondrial dynamics may contribute to the enhanced dependence on oxidative phosphorylation in residual tumors. Collectively, these studies reveal that a reversible phenotypic state characterized by altered tumor cell metabolism can confer chemoresistance and that the residual tumor state may be a novel therapeutic window for chemoresistant TNBC.
NACT resistance leads to distant metastasis, often to multiple organs, in most TNBC patients. However, the relatedness of metastases across diverse secondary sites is not well understood. To model the metastatic cascade, sub-lines of orthotopic PDX models harboring a bioluminescent label were generated. Cellular barcoding and genomic sequencing analyses were conducted on primary mammary tumors and lung, liver, and brain metastases from PDX models. Only a minority of primary tumor clones were detected in metastases, indicating that a selective bottleneck had occurred. While each metastatic lesion harbored numerous low-abundance barcoded lineages, only a select few (<10) outgrew and were predominant. Interestingly, the exact same barcoded lineages predominated in lung, liver, and brain metastases. To delineate the transcriptomic profiles of metastatic subclones, single-cell RNA sequencing analyses are being conducted on primary tumors and multi-organ metastases from PDX models. These studies have revealed transcriptomic ITH in primary and metastatic tumors, with stable patterns of transcriptomic ITH in spatially distinct metastases. Furthermore, metastases exhibited reproducible enrichment of a low-abundance primary tumor transcriptomic subpopulation. Together, these studies will elucidate transcriptomic programs associated multi-organ metastasis in TNBC and are expected to enable rational therapeutic targeting strategies.
Citation Format: Gloria V Echeverria, Mingchu Xu, Jiansu Shao, Xiaomei Zhang, Sabrina Jeter-Jones, Xinhui Zhou, Stacy L Moulder, Joseph R Marszalek, Timothy P Heffernan, Fraser W Symmans, Jeffrey T Chang, Helen Piwnica-Worms. Investigating genomic and phenotypic evolution of triple negative breast cancer chemoresistance and metastasis in patient-derived xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS4-02.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingchu Xu
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jiansu Shao
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Xinhui Zhou
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Chu YY, Yam C, Chen MK, Chan LC, Xiao M, Wei YK, Yamaguchi H, Lee PC, Han Y, Nie L, Sun X, Moulder SL, Hess KR, Wang B, Hsu JL, Hortobagyi GN, Litton J, Chang JT, Hung MC. Blocking c-Met and EGFR reverses acquired resistance of PARP inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:648-661. [PMID: 32195033 PMCID: PMC7061756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited treatment options and therapeutic failure due to acquired resistance for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represent a significant challenge. Inhibitors against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), olaparib and talazoparib, were recently approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (including TNBC) in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations. Despite impressive response rates of ~60%, the prolongation in median progression-free survival with a PARPi is modest, suggesting the emergence of resistance. Several studies have reported that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as c-MET (also known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor), are involved in resistance to various anti-neoplastic agents, including PARPi. However, the mechanism by which c-MET contributes to acquired resistance to PARPi in TNBC is not fully understood. In this study, we show that hyperactivated c-Met is detected in TNBC cells with acquired resistance to PARPi, and the combination of talazoparib and crizotinib (a multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits c-MET) synergistically inhibits proliferation in these cells. Unexpectedly, depleting c-MET had limited effect on talazoparib sensitivity in PARPi-resistant cells. Interestingly, we found evidence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) hyperactivation and interaction of EGFR/c-Met in these cells. Notably, combining EGFR and PARP inhibitors resulted in greater inhibition of proliferation in c-MET-depleted TNBC cells, and combined c-MET and EGFR inhibition increased sensitivity to talazoparib in TNBC cells with acquired resistance to PARPi. Our findings suggest that combined inhibition of c-MET and EGFR could potentially re-sensitize TNBC to the cytotoxic effects of PARPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHouston, TX 77030, USA
- This Research was Performed in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for The MS Degree From The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin 150081, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Kun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar FoundationPO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ye Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Second Breast Surgery, China Medical University Affiliated Shengjing HospitalShenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Xian Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbin 150086, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
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Abstract
Current cancer therapies target a limited set of tumor features, rather than considering the tumor as a whole. Systems biology aims to reveal therapeutic targets associated with a variety of facets in an individual's tumor, such as genetic heterogeneity and its evolution, cancer cell-autonomous phenotypes, and microenvironmental signaling. These disparate characteristics can be reconciled using mathematical modeling that incorporates concepts from ecology and evolution. This provides an opportunity to predict tumor growth and response to therapy, to tailor patient-specific approaches in real time or even prospectively. Importantly, as data regarding patient tumors is often available from only limited time points during treatment, systems-based approaches can address this limitation by interpolating longitudinal events within a principled framework. This review outlines areas in medicine that could benefit from systems biology approaches to deconvolve the complexity of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Griffiths
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Veronica Jones
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Ramirez-Peña E, Arnold J, Shivakumar V, Joseph R, Vidhya Vijay G, den Hollander P, Bhangre N, Allegakoen P, Prasad R, Conley Z, Matés JM, Márquez J, Chang JT, Vasaikar S, Soundararajan R, Sreekumar A, Mani SA. The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Promotes Glutamine Independence by Suppressing GLS2 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101610. [PMID: 31652551 PMCID: PMC6826439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying bioenergetics that facilitate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells may uncover targets to treat incurable metastatic disease. Metastasis is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths; therefore, it is urgent to identify new treatment strategies to prevent the initiation of metastasis. To characterize the bioenergetics of EMT, we compared metabolic activities and gene expression in cells induced to differentiate into the mesenchymal state with their epithelial counterparts. We found that levels of GLS2, which encodes a glutaminase, are inversely associated with EMT. GLS2 down-regulation was correlated with reduced mitochondrial activity and glutamine independence even in low-glucose conditions. Restoration of GLS2 expression in GLS2-negative breast cancer cells rescued mitochondrial activity, enhanced glutamine utilization, and inhibited stem-cell properties. Additionally, inhibition of expression of the transcription factor FOXC2, a critical regulator of EMT in GLS2-negative cells, restored GLS2 expression and glutamine utilization. Furthermore, in breast cancer patients, high GLS2 expression is associated with improved survival. These findings suggest that epithelial cancer cells rely on glutamine and that cells induced to undergo EMT become glutamine independent. Moreover, the inhibition of EMT leads to a GLS2-directed metabolic shift in mesenchymal cancer cells, which may make these cells susceptible to chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Ramirez-Peña
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - James Arnold
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Vinita Shivakumar
- Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Petra den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Neeraja Bhangre
- Department of Fibrosis Biology, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
| | - Paul Allegakoen
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Rishika Prasad
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zachary Conley
- Center for Science Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - José M Matés
- Canceromics Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga and Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Javier Márquez
- Canceromics Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga and Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Suhas Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Echeverria GV, Ge Z, Seth S, Powell E, Zhang X, Jeter-Jones S, Zhou X, Jiang Y, McCoy A, Cai S, Tu Y, Peoples M, Sun Y, Qiu H, Bristow C, Carugo A, Shao J, Moulder SL, Symmans WF, Heffernan TP, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms HM. Abstract 2901: Clonal dynamics and phenotypic evolution during chemoresistance and metastasis revealed by patient-derived xenograft models of triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Half of all triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients harbor significant residual cancer burden following standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, resulting in distant metastasis and death for most of these patients. Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is pervasive in TNBC as is a barrier to development of effective therapeutic strategies, but the relative contributions of heterogeneous tumor cell populations to chemoresistance and metastasis are not well understood. To investigate the clonal dynamics that accompany chemotherapy treatment and metastasis, we employed orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naïve TNBC, thus enabling experimentation with heterogeneous populations of human tumor cells that have undergone minimal manipulation.
To monitor the fates of PDX tumor cell lineages as they metastasized, we introduced a pooled lentiviral barcode library (Cellecta) into freshly dissociated PDX tumor cells which were orthotopically engrafted into recipient mice. Genomic analyses, including barcode enumeration, whole-exome sequencing, custom targeted DNA sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing, were conducted to characterize the clonal dynamics that accompanied metastasis. Of the thousands of diverse primary tumor clones, only ~2% harbored metastatic capacity. Of those, a rare population of the exact same clones predominated metastases in lung, liver, and brain, the three most common sites of human TNBC metastasis. These studies provide a quantitative map of the clonal architecture of multi-organ metastasis in TNBC and reveal that identical subclones can thrive in diverse secondary organ microenvironments.
NACT resistance leads to metastasis and death for most patients, yet the origins of chemoresistance in TNBC are unclear. We modeled NACT resistance in an array of PDX models derived from treatment-naïve TNBC biopsies in alignment with an ongoing neoadjuvant clinical trial (NCT02276443). Upon partial response to NACT, tumors entered a transient drug-tolerant state characterized by distinct histologic, proteomic, and transcriptomic features that were reverted as tumors regrew after cessation of treatment. Barcode-mediated lineage tracking and whole-exome sequencing revealed that the drug-tolerant state was not mediated by clonal selection. Based on transcriptomic and metabolic features of the drug-tolerant state, we conducted preclinical trials with an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (IACS-010759), which significantly delayed the regrowth of residual tumors in PDX models. Together, these studies revealed that TNBCs can resist NACT through non-selective adaptation of a reversible phenotypic state, and that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation may be a promising therapy in the neoadjuvant setting for TNBC.
Citation Format: Gloria V. Echeverria, Zhongqi Ge, Sahil Seth, Emily Powell, Xiaomei Zhang, Sabrina Jeter-Jones, Xinhui Zhou, Yan Jiang, Aaron McCoy, Shirong Cai, Yizheng Tu, Michael Peoples, Yuting Sun, Huan Qiu, Christopher Bristow, Alessandro Carugo, Jiansu Shao, Stacy L. Moulder, William F. Symmans, Timothy P. Heffernan, Jeffrey T. Chang, Helen M. Piwnica-Worms. Clonal dynamics and phenotypic evolution during chemoresistance and metastasis revealed by patient-derived xenograft models of triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2901.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | - Sahil Seth
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Jiang
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Yizheng Tu
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | | | - Yuting Sun
- 1UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr., Houston, TX
| | - Huan Qiu
- 4UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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Amano H, Chaudhury A, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lu L, Akhanov V, Catic A, Popov YV, Verdin E, Johnson H, Stossi F, Sinclair DA, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Lopez-Berestein G, Chang JT, Neilson JR, Meeker A, Finegold M, Baur JA, Sahin E. Telomere Dysfunction Induces Sirtuin Repression that Drives Telomere-Dependent Disease. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1274-1290.e9. [PMID: 30930169 PMCID: PMC6657508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is associated with stem cell decline, fibrotic disorders, and premature aging through mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here, we show that telomere shortening in livers of telomerase knockout mice leads to a p53-dependent repression of all seven sirtuins. P53 regulates non-mitochondrial sirtuins (Sirt1, 2, 6, and 7) post-transcriptionally through microRNAs (miR-34a, 26a, and 145), while the mitochondrial sirtuins (Sirt3, 4, and 5) are regulated in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha-/beta-dependent manner at the transcriptional level. Administration of the NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide maintains telomere length, dampens the DNA damage response and p53, improves mitochondrial function, and, functionally, rescues liver fibrosis in a partially Sirt1-dependent manner. These studies establish sirtuins as downstream targets of dysfunctional telomeres and suggest that increasing Sirt1 activity alone or in combination with other sirtuins stabilizes telomeres and mitigates telomere-dependent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Amano
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arindam Chaudhury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics & Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Lu
- Oncology Informatics & Genomics, Phillips Healthcare, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Viktor Akhanov
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andre Catic
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Integrated Microscopy Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics & Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joel R Neilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alan Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Milton Finegold
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ergun Sahin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Chang JT, Volk DE, Gorenstein DG, Steffen D, Bernstam EV. Bioinformatics service center projects go beyond service. J Biomed Inform 2019; 94:103192. [PMID: 31048074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To probe the complexity of modern diseases, multidisciplinary approaches are increasingly applied. Typically underpinning such studies are collaborations between wet bench experimentalists and dry lab bioinformaticians. Despite the need, bioinformatics collaborators remain difficult to find. Therefore, we undertook a study to understand the nature of this research, so that we may better understand how to meet the needs of future multidisciplinary projects. To accomplish this, we have performed a retrospective study of data from three years of projects performed by the UTHealth Bioinformatics Service Center. Based on this, we found that the bioinformatics in these collaborative projects are extremely diverse and require a high degree of intellectual engagement, while requiring only a small amount of publishable methods development. Very few of the specific skills, the strength of a service core, could be recycled across projects, which were generally exploratory and open-ended and required cycles of biological hypothesis development and (in silico) testing. We find that biomedical research requires bioinformaticians that are highly trained, having the ability to think biologically, but investigating using computational rather than bench experiments. This is in contrast to the activities that are typically the basis for an independent career in biomedical informatics, namely developing new software and algorithms. These findings suggest that to foster team-based multidisciplinary research, institutions must adopt policies that recognize contributions to research by applied bioinformatics scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - David E Volk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David G Gorenstein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Elmer V Bernstam
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vijay GV, Zhao N, Den Hollander P, Toneff MJ, Joseph R, Pietila M, Taube JH, Sarkar TR, Ramirez-Pena E, Werden SJ, Shariati M, Gao R, Sobieski M, Stephan CC, Sphyris N, Miura N, Davies P, Chang JT, Soundararajan R, Rosen JM, Mani SA. GSK3β regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:37. [PMID: 30845991 PMCID: PMC6407242 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), which lack receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor 2, are highly aggressive. Consequently, patients diagnosed with TNBCs have reduced overall and disease-free survival rates compared to patients with other subtypes of breast cancer. TNBCs are characterized by the presence of cancer cells with mesenchymal properties, indicating that the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in the progression of this disease. The EMT program has also been implicated in chemoresistance, tumor recurrence, and induction of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for TNBC, and hence, it is critical to identify the novel targets to treat TNBC. Methods A library of compounds was screened for their ability to inhibit EMT in cells with mesenchymal phenotype as assessed using the previously described Z-cad reporters. Of the several drugs tested, GSK3β inhibitors were identified as EMT inhibitors. The effects of GSK3β inhibitors on the properties of TNBC cells with a mesenchymal phenotype were assessed using qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blot, mammosphere, and migration and cell viability assays. Publicly available datasets also were analyzed to examine if the expression of GSK3β correlates with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. Results We identified a GSK3β inhibitor, BIO, in a drug screen as one of the most potent inhibitors of EMT. BIO and two other GSK3β inhibitors, TWS119 and LiCl, also decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers in several different cell lines with a mesenchymal phenotype. Further, inhibition of GSK3β reduced EMT-related migratory properties of cells with mesenchymal properties. To determine if GSK3β inhibitors target mesenchymal-like cells by affecting the CSC population, we employed mammosphere assays and profiled the stem cell-related cell surface marker CD44+/24− in cells after exposure to GSK3β inhibitors. We found that GSK3β inhibitors indeed decreased the CSC properties of cell types with mesenchymal properties. We treated cells with epithelial and mesenchymal properties with GSK3β inhibitors and found that GSK3β inhibitors selectively kill cells with mesenchymal attributes while sparing cells with epithelial properties. We analyzed patient data to identify genes predictive of poor clinical outcome that could serve as novel therapeutic targets for TNBC. The Wnt signaling pathway is critical to EMT, but among the various factors known to be involved in Wnt signaling, only the higher expression of GSK3β correlated with poorer overall patient survival. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate that GSK3β is a potential target for TNBCs and suggest that GSK3β inhibitors could serve as selective inhibitors of EMT and CSC properties for the treatment of a subset of aggressive TNBC. GSK3β inhibitors should be tested for use in combination with standard-of-care drugs in preclinical TNBC models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1125-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Vidhya Vijay
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Petra Den Hollander
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mike J Toneff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robiya Joseph
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mika Pietila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tapasree R Sarkar
- Center for Statistical Bioinformatics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Esmeralda Ramirez-Pena
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven J Werden
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Shariati
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruli Gao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford C Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sphyris
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noayuki Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peter Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, UT Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Echeverria GV, Ge Z, Seth S, Jeter-Jones SL, Zhang X, Zhou X, Cai S, Tu Y, McCoy A, Peoples M, Lau R, Shao J, Sun Y, Bristow C, Carugo A, Ma X, Harris A, Wu Y, Moulder S, Symmans WF, Marszalek JR, Heffernan TP, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H. Abstract GS5-05: Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer mediated by a reversible drug-tolerant state. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-gs5-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 50% of patients with localized triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have substantial residual cancer burden following treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), resulting in distant metastasis and death for most of these patients. While genomic and phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity are pervasive features of TNBCs at the time of diagnosis, the functional contributions of heterogeneous tumor cell populations to chemoresistance have not been elucidated.
To investigate tumor evolution accompanying NACT, we employed orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naïve TNBC, which retain intra-tumor heterogeneity characteristic of human TNBC. We discovered that some PDX models initially exhibited partial sensitivity to standard front-line NACT (Adriamycin plus Cytoxan, AC). Following AC, residual tumors were resistant to chemotherapy but repopulated tumors with chemo-sensitive cells if left untreated, indicating that tumor cells possessed inherent plasticity. To identify the tumor cell subpopulation(s) conferring chemoresistance, we conducted barcode-mediated clonal tracking in three independent PDX models by introducing a high-complexity pooled lentiviral barcode library into PDX tumor cells which were then orthotopically engrafted into recipient mice. Strikingly, residual tumors maintained the same heterogeneous clonal architecture as naïve tumors. Concordantly, whole-exome sequencing revealed conservation of genomic subclonal architecture throughout treatment. These results were corroborated by genomic sequencing of serial biopsies pre- and post-AC obtained directly from TNBC patients enrolled on an ongoing clinical trial at MD Anderson (ARTEMIS; NCT02276443). Together, these studies revealed that genomically distinct pre-treatment subclones were equally capable of surviving AC to reconstitute tumors after treatment.
To identify functional addictions of residual tumor cells, we conducted histologic and transcriptomic profiling. Residual tumors following AC-treatment exhibited extensive fibrotic desmoplasia and tumor cell pleomorphism in both PDX models and in serial biopsies obtained from TNBC patients enrolled on the ARTEMIS trial. Strikingly, these AC-induced features were reverted upon regrowth of residual tumors in PDXs and in patients' tumors. Similarly, residual tumors exhibited unique transcriptomic features, many of which are also de-regulated in cohorts of human TNBCs undergoing chemotherapy treatment. These features were nearly completely reverted after tumors regrew, suggesting that the residual tumor state may be a unique and transient therapeutic window. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that residual tumors had increased activation of oxidative phosphorylation and decreased glycolytic signaling. Pharmacologic targeting of oxidative phosphorylation with a small-molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I (IACS-010759) significantly delayed the regrowth of AC-treated residual tumors in three independent PDX models. Collectively, these studies reveal that a reversible phenotypic state can confer chemoresistance in the absence of genomic selection and that the residual tumor state is a novel therapeutic window for chemo-refractory TNBC.
Citation Format: Echeverria GV, Ge Z, Seth S, Jeter-Jones SL, Zhang X, Zhou X, Cai S, Tu Y, McCoy A, Peoples M, Lau R, Shao J, Sun Y, Bristow C, Carugo A, Ma X, Harris A, Wu Y, Moulder S, Symmans WF, Marszalek JR, Heffernan TP, Chang JT, Piwnica-Worms H. Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer mediated by a reversible drug-tolerant state [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS5-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- GV Echeverria
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Z Ge
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Seth
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - SL Jeter-Jones
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - X Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - X Zhou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Cai
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Y Tu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - A McCoy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Peoples
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Lau
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Shao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Y Sun
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - C Bristow
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Carugo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - X Ma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Harris
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Y Wu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Moulder
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - WF Symmans
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - JR Marszalek
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - TP Heffernan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - JT Chang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Piwnica-Worms
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
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Seth S, Huo L, Rauch G, Lau R, Gilcrease M, Adrada B, Piwnica-Worms H, Symmans WF, Draetta G, Futreal AP, Moulder S, Chang JT. Abstract P3-07-01: Towards a therapeutically relevant subtyping scheme for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), profiling results from A Randomized, TNBC Enrolling trial to confirm Molecular profiling Improves Survival (ARTEMIS). Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-07-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly diverse group of cancers, with poor prognosis, and currently, there are no targeted drugs available in the clinic. In TNBC around 50% percent of the patients respond to chemotherapy, while, the other 50% percent relapse with poor prognosis. There is a need to understand better the targetable mechanisms driving TNBC via integrative analysis of gene-expression, copy-number, and mutational data.
Samples from 220 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) pts treated with NACT were prioritized for transcriptomic and genomic profiling. Non-negative matrix factorization was used on array-based profiling to identify six robust (ARTEMIS) subtypes. Comparing ARTEMIS subtypes with Vanderbilt subtypes, revealed significant overlap with 4/6 clusters while identifying two new clusters. Logistic regression on ssGSEA scores vs. subtypes revealed several pathways, selectively enriched specific subtypes. CL1/IM (Immune subtype), was enriched in INFg and INFa, while CL2 (MYC/mTOR), showed enrichment of several proliferation-related pathways. In addition, LAR and M (Mesenchymal) pts formed overlapping clusters, using either method.
Two new subtypes did not associate significantly with any of the previous subtypes. The majority of the tumors from the Vanderbilt BL2 and MSL were reclassified into a CL5 (ANGIO) cluster, which was enriched in angiogenesis geneset, including targetable genes like VEGF and FGFR. Also, an MYO (CL3) subtype was identified, with myogenesis-related genes. Of note, TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) and LAR quantification using IHC were associated with respective ARTEMIS subtypes. Finally, the IM subtype was significantly associated with higher rates of RCB 0-I and the M (CL4) subtype was associated with higher rates of RCB II-III, irrespective of the neoadjuvant treatment regimen.
ARTEMIS subtypes are a novel classification system for TNBC that is focused on therapeutic translation. Further, we show a possibility to classify previously un-classified (UNS) tumors, which will be validated using additional cohorts (TCGA/METABRIC).
Citation Format: Seth S, Huo L, Rauch G, Lau R, Gilcrease M, Adrada B, Piwnica-Worms H, Symmans WF, Draetta G, Futreal AP, Moulder S, Chang JT. Towards a therapeutically relevant subtyping scheme for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), profiling results from A Randomized, TNBC Enrolling trial to confirm Molecular profiling Improves Survival (ARTEMIS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seth
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - L Huo
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - G Rauch
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - R Lau
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - M Gilcrease
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - B Adrada
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - H Piwnica-Worms
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - WF Symmans
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - G Draetta
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - AP Futreal
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - S Moulder
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - JT Chang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; UT Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
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