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Shah VV, Duncan AD, Jiang S, Stratton SA, Allton KL, Yam C, Jain A, Krause PM, Lu Y, Cai S, Tu Y, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Carroll CL, Kang Z, Liu B, Shen J, Gagea M, Manu SM, Huo L, Gilcrease M, Powell RT, Guo L, Stephan C, Davies PJ, Parker-Thornburg J, Lozano G, Behringer RR, Piwnica-Worms H, Chang JT, Moulder SL, Barton MC. Mammary-specific expression of Trim24 establishes a mouse model of human metaplastic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5389. [PMID: 34508101 PMCID: PMC8433435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional overexpression of histone reader Tripartite motif containing protein 24 (TRIM24) in mouse mammary epithelia (Trim24COE) drives spontaneous development of mammary carcinosarcoma tumors, lacking ER, PR and HER2. Human carcinosarcomas or metaplastic breast cancers (MpBC) are a rare, chemorefractory subclass of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Comparison of Trim24COE metaplastic carcinosarcoma morphology, TRIM24 protein levels and a derived Trim24COE gene signature reveals strong correlation with human MpBC tumors and MpBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Global and single-cell tumor profiling reveal Met as a direct oncogenic target of TRIM24, leading to aberrant PI3K/mTOR activation. Here, we find that pharmacological inhibition of these pathways in primary Trim24COE tumor cells and TRIM24-PROTAC treatment of MpBC TNBC PDX tumorspheres decreased cellular viability, suggesting potential in therapeutically targeting TRIM24 and its regulated pathways in TRIM24-expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutant V Shah
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aundrietta D Duncan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Salarius Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiming Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medicine Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sabrina A Stratton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendra L Allton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav Jain
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick M Krause
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhijun Kang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian M Manu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Gilcrease
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Parker-Thornburg
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Kim MP, Li X, Deng J, Zhang Y, Dai B, Allton KL, Hughes TG, Siangco C, Augustine JJ, Kang Y, McDaniel JM, Xiong S, Koay EJ, McAllister F, Bristow CA, Heffernan TP, Maitra A, Liu B, Barton MC, Wasylishen AR, Fleming JB, Lozano G. Oncogenic KRAS Recruits an Expansive Transcriptional Network through Mutant p53 to Drive Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2094-2111. [PMID: 33839689 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is almost uniformly fatal and characterized by early metastasis. Oncogenic KRAS mutations prevail in 95% of PDAC tumors and co-occur with genetic alterations in the TP53 tumor suppressor in nearly 70% of patients. Most TP53 alterations are missense mutations that exhibit gain-of-function phenotypes that include increased invasiveness and metastasis, yet the extent of direct cooperation between KRAS effectors and mutant p53 remains largely undefined. We show that oncogenic KRAS effectors activate CREB1 to allow physical interactions with mutant p53 that hyperactivate multiple prometastatic transcriptional networks. Specifically, mutant p53 and CREB1 upregulate the prometastatic, pioneer transcription factor FOXA1, activating its transcriptional network while promoting WNT/β-catenin signaling, together driving PDAC metastasis. Pharmacologic CREB1 inhibition dramatically reduced FOXA1 and β-catenin expression and dampened PDAC metastasis, identifying a new therapeutic strategy to disrupt cooperation between oncogenic KRAS and mutant p53 to mitigate metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: Oncogenic KRAS and mutant p53 are the most commonly mutated oncogene and tumor suppressor gene in human cancers, yet direct interactions between these genetic drivers remain undefined. We identified a cooperative node between oncogenic KRAS effectors and mutant p53 that can be therapeutically targeted to undermine cooperation and mitigate metastasis.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinqun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jenying Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Bingbing Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kendra L Allton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tara G Hughes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christian Siangco
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jithesh J Augustine
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joy M McDaniel
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amanda R Wasylishen
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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3
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Xi Y, Shi J, Li W, Tanaka K, Allton KL, Richardson D, Li J, Franco HL, Nagari A, Malladi VS, Coletta LD, Simper MS, Keyomarsi K, Shen J, Bedford MT, Shi X, Barton MC, Kraus WL, Li W, Dent SYR. Histone modification profiling in breast cancer cell lines highlights commonalities and differences among subtypes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:150. [PMID: 29458327 PMCID: PMC5819162 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic regulators are frequently mutated or aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, leading to altered transcription states that result in changes in cell identity, behavior, and response to therapy. Results To define alterations in epigenetic landscapes in breast cancers, we profiled the distributions of 8 key histone modifications by ChIP-Seq, as well as primary (GRO-seq) and steady state (RNA-Seq) transcriptomes, across 13 distinct cell lines that represent 5 molecular subtypes of breast cancer and immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Discussion Using combinatorial patterns of distinct histone modification signals, we defined subtype-specific chromatin signatures to nominate potential biomarkers. This approach identified AFAP1-AS1 as a triple negative breast cancer-specific gene associated with cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition. In addition, our chromatin mapping data in basal TNBC cell lines are consistent with gene expression patterns in TCGA that indicate decreased activity of the androgen receptor pathway but increased activity of the vitamin D biosynthesis pathway. Conclusions Together, these datasets provide a comprehensive resource for histone modification profiles that define epigenetic landscapes and reveal key chromatin signatures in breast cancer cell line subtypes with potential to identify novel and actionable targets for treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4533-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Kendra L Allton
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Dana Richardson
- The Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Li
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hector L Franco
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Luis Della Coletta
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa S Simper
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- The Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Michelle C Barton
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- The Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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4
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Franco HL, Nagari A, Malladi VS, Li W, Xi Y, Richardson D, Allton KL, Tanaka K, Li J, Murakami S, Keyomarsi K, Bedford MT, Shi X, Li W, Barton MC, Dent SYR, Kraus WL. Enhancer transcription reveals subtype-specific gene expression programs controlling breast cancer pathogenesis. Genome Res 2017; 28:159-170. [PMID: 29273624 PMCID: PMC5793780 DOI: 10.1101/gr.226019.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding transcription is a defining feature of active enhancers, linking transcription factor (TF) binding to the molecular mechanisms controlling gene expression. To determine the relationship between enhancer activity and biological outcomes in breast cancers, we profiled the transcriptomes (using GRO-seq and RNA-seq) and epigenomes (using ChIP-seq) of 11 different human breast cancer cell lines representing five major molecular subtypes of breast cancer, as well as two immortalized (“normal”) human breast cell lines. In addition, we developed a robust and unbiased computational pipeline that simultaneously identifies putative subtype-specific enhancers and their cognate TFs by integrating the magnitude of enhancer transcription, TF mRNA expression levels, TF motif P-values, and enrichment of H3K4me1 and H3K27ac. When applied across the 13 different cell lines noted above, the Total Functional Score of Enhancer Elements (TFSEE) identified key breast cancer subtype-specific TFs that act at transcribed enhancers to dictate gene expression patterns determining growth outcomes, including Forkhead TFs, FOSL1, and PLAG1. FOSL1, a Fos family TF, (1) is highly enriched at the enhancers of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, (2) acts as a key regulator of the proliferation and viability of TNBC cells, but not Luminal A cells, and (3) is associated with a poor prognosis in TNBC breast cancer patients. Taken together, our results validate our enhancer identification pipeline and reveal that enhancers transcribed in breast cancer cells direct critical gene regulatory networks that promote pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector L Franco
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Anusha Nagari
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dana Richardson
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kendra L Allton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shino Murakami
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis and The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and Division of Basic Reproductive Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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