1
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Bootsma S, Dings MPG, Kesselaar J, Helderman RFCPA, van Megesen K, Constantinides A, Moreno LF, Stelloo E, Scutigliani EM, Bokan B, Torang A, van Hooff SR, Zwijnenburg DA, Wouters VM, van de Vlasakker VCJ, Galanos LJK, Nijman LE, Logiantara A, Veenstra VL, Schlingemann S, van Piggelen S, van der Wel N, Krawczyk PM, Platteeuw JJ, Tuynman JB, de Hingh IH, Klomp JPG, Oubrie A, Snaebjornsson P, Medema JP, Oei AL, Kranenburg O, Elbers CC, Lenos KJ, Vermeulen L, Bijlsma MF. Exploiting a subtype-specific mitochondrial vulnerability for successful treatment of colorectal peritoneal metastases. Cell Rep Med 2024:101523. [PMID: 38670098 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal metastases (PMs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) respond poorly to treatment and are associated with unfavorable prognosis. For example, the addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to cytoreductive surgery in resectable patients shows limited benefit, and novel treatments are urgently needed. The majority of CRC-PMs represent the CMS4 molecular subtype of CRC, and here we queried the vulnerabilities of this subtype in pharmacogenomic databases to identify novel therapies. This reveals the copper ionophore elesclomol (ES) as highly effective against CRC-PMs. ES exhibits rapid cytotoxicity against CMS4 cells by targeting mitochondria. We find that a markedly reduced mitochondrial content in CMS4 cells explains their vulnerability to ES. ES demonstrates efficacy in preclinical models of PMs, including CRC-PMs and ovarian cancer organoids, mouse models, and a HIPEC rat model of PMs. The above proposes ES as a promising candidate for the local treatment of CRC-PMs, with broader implications for other PM-prone cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Bootsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark P G Dings
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Job Kesselaar
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roxan F C P A Helderman
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyah van Megesen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Leandro Ferreira Moreno
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Stelloo
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bella Bokan
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arezo Torang
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danny A Zwijnenburg
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie M Wouters
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lisanne E Nijman
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adrian Logiantara
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique L Veenstra
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schlingemann
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sterre van Piggelen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole van der Wel
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Electron Microscopy Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jurriaan B Tuynman
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ignace H de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Petur Snaebjornsson
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arlene L Oei
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara C Elbers
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan J Lenos
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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van de Weerd S, Torang A, Zwager LW, Koelink PJ, Koster J, Bastiaansen BA, Lammers V, Longobardi C, Roodhart JM, van Krieken JH, Farina Sarasqueta A, Dekker E, Medema JP. Consensus molecular subtype transition during progression of colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2023; 261:298-308. [PMID: 37681286 DOI: 10.1002/path.6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification divides colorectal cancer (CRC) into four distinct subtypes based on RNA expression profiles. The biological differences between CMSs are already present in CRC precursor lesions, but not all CMSs pose the same risk of malignant transformation. To fully understand the path to malignant transformation and to determine whether CMS is a fixed entity during progression, genomic and transcriptomic data from two regions of the same CRC lesion were compared: the precursor region and the carcinoma region. In total, 24 patients who underwent endoscopic removal of T1-2 CRC were included. Regions were subtyped for CMS and DNA mutation analysis was performed. Additionally, a set of 85 benign adenomas was CMS-subtyped. This analysis revealed that almost all benign adenomas were classified as CMS3 (91.8%). In contrast, CMS2 was the most prevalent subtype in precursor regions (66.7%), followed by CMS3 (29.2%). CMS4 was absent in precursor lesions and originated at the carcinoma stage. Importantly, CMS switching occurred in a substantial number of cases and almost all (six out of seven) CMS3 precursor regions showed a shift to a different subtype in the carcinoma part of the lesion, which in four cases was classified as CMS4. In conclusion, our data indicate that CMS3 is related to a more indolent type of precursor lesion that less likely progresses to CRC and when this occurs, it is often associated with a subtype change that includes the more aggressive mesenchymal CMS4. In contrast, an acquired CMS2 signature appeared to be rather fixed during early CRC development. Combined, our data show that subtype changes occur during progression and that CMS3 switching is related to changes in the genomic background through acquisition of a novel driver mutation (TP53) or selective expansion of a clone, but also occurred independently of such genetic changes. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone van de Weerd
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arezo Torang
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte W Zwager
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J Koelink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Aj Bastiaansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Lammers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine Ml Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Gomez Barila PM, Medema JP. Kinase-targeted therapy in subsets of colorectal cancer. Oncoscience 2023; 10:24-26. [PMID: 37383222 PMCID: PMC10295670 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Correspondence to:Jan Paul Medema, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands email:
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4
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Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, Ryan KM, Sarosiek KA, Sawa A, Sayan E, Schroder K, Scorrano L, Sesti F, Shao F, Shi Y, Sica GS, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stephanou A, Stockwell BR, Strapazzon F, Strasser A, Sun L, Sun E, Sun Q, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Troy CM, Turk B, Urbano N, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vander Heiden MG, Vanderluit JL, Verkhratsky A, Villunger A, von Karstedt S, Voss AK, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Vuri D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang R, Wang Y, Weber A, Wood W, Yamazaki T, Yang HT, Zakeri Z, Zawacka-Pankau JE, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhivotovsky B, Zhou W, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1097-1154. [PMID: 37100955 PMCID: PMC10130819 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Bano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J Deberardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR, 1231, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudan He
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
- ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavie Strapazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Carol M Troy
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Vuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Weber
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Buikhuisen JY, Gomez Barila PM, Cameron K, Suijkerbuijk SJE, Lieftink C, di Franco S, Krotenberg Garcia A, Uceda Castro R, Lenos KJ, Nijman LE, Torang A, Longobardi C, de Jong JH, Dekker D, Stassi G, Vermeulen L, Beijersbergen RL, van Rheenen J, Huveneers S, Medema JP. Subtype-specific kinase dependency regulates growth and metastasis of poor-prognosis mesenchymal colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:56. [PMID: 36869386 PMCID: PMC9983221 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be divided into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), each with distinct biological features. CMS4 is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stromal infiltration (Guinney et al., Nat Med 21:1350-6, 2015; Linnekamp et al., Cell Death Differ 25:616-33, 2018), whereas clinically it is characterized by lower responses to adjuvant therapy, higher incidence of metastatic spreading and hence dismal prognosis (Buikhuisen et al., Oncogenesis 9:66, 2020). METHODS To understand the biology of the mesenchymal subtype and unveil specific vulnerabilities, a large CRISPR-Cas9 drop-out screen was performed on 14 subtyped CRC cell lines to uncover essential kinases in all CMSs. Dependency of CMS4 cells on p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) was validated in independent 2D and 3D in vitro cultures and in vivo models assessing primary and metastatic outgrowth in liver and peritoneum. TIRF microscopy was used to uncover actin cytoskeleton dynamics and focal adhesion localization upon PAK2 loss. Subsequent functional assays were performed to determine altered growth and invasion patterns. RESULTS PAK2 was identified as a key kinase uniquely required for growth of the mesenchymal subtype CMS4, both in vitro and in vivo. PAK2 plays an important role in cellular attachment and cytoskeletal rearrangements (Coniglio et al., Mol Cell Biol 28:4162-72, 2008; Grebenova et al., Sci Rep 9:17171, 2019). In agreement, deletion or inhibition of PAK2 impaired actin cytoskeleton dynamics in CMS4 cells and, as a consequence, significantly reduced invasive capacity, while it was dispensable for CMS2 cells. Clinical relevance of these findings was supported by the observation that deletion of PAK2 from CMS4 cells prevented metastatic spreading in vivo. Moreover, growth in a model for peritoneal metastasis was hampered when CMS4 tumor cells were deficient for PAK2. CONCLUSION Our data reveal a unique dependency of mesenchymal CRC and provide a rationale for PAK2 inhibition to target this aggressive subgroup of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y Buikhuisen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia M Gomez Barila
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Cameron
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J E Suijkerbuijk
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone di Franco
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebeca Uceda Castro
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan J Lenos
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne E Nijman
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arezo Torang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan H de Jong
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Dekker
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Dings MPG, Manoukian P, Waasdorp C, Quik JSE, Strijker M, Lodestijn SC, van Neerven SM, Moreno LF, de Oliveira RL, Bonsing BA, Bruno MJ, Busch OR, Doukas M, van Eijck CH, Mohammad NH, de Hingh IH, Molenaar QI, Besselink MG, Vermeulen L, Medema JP, van Laarhoven HWM, Bijlsma MF. Serum levels of iCAF-derived osteoglycin predict favorable outcome in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:511-523. [PMID: 36069222 PMCID: PMC10087204 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by abundant stroma, the main cellular constituents of which are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Stroma-targeting agents have been proposed to improve the poor outcome of current treatments. However, clinical trials using these agents showed disappointing results. Heterogeneity in the PDAC CAF population was recently delineated demonstrating that both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive activities co-exist in the stroma. Here, we aimed to identify biomarkers for the CAF population that contribute to a favorable outcome. RNA-sequencing reads from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were mapped to the human and mouse genome to allocate the expression of genes to the tumor or stroma. Survival meta-analysis for stromal genes was performed and applied to human protein atlas data to identify circulating biomarkers. The candidate protein was perturbed in co-cultures and assessed in existing and novel single-cell gene expression analysis from control, pancreatitis, pancreatitis-recovered and PDAC mouse models. Serum levels of the candidate biomarker were measured in two independent cohorts totaling 148 PDAC patients and related them to overall survival. Osteoglycin (OGN) was identified as a candidate serum prognostic marker. Single-cell analysis indicated that Ogn is derived from a subgroup of inflammatory CAFs. Ogn-expressing fibroblasts are distinct from resident healthy pancreatic stellate cells and arise during pancreatitis. Serum OGN levels were prognostic for favorable overall survival in two independent PDAC cohorts (HR = 0.47, P = .042 and HR = 0.53, P = .006). Altogether, we conclude that high circulating OGN levels inform on a previously unrecognized subgroup of CAFs and predict favorable outcomes in resectable PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P G Dings
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Manoukian
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith S E Quik
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marin Strijker
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C Lodestijn
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leandro F Moreno
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Leite de Oliveira
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,CRISPR Expertise Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier R Busch
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper H van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Haj Mohammad
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace H de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Quintus I Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Ramadan R, Wouters VM, van Neerven SM, de Groot NE, Garcia TM, Muncan V, Franklin OD, Battle M, Carlson KS, Leach J, Sansom OJ, Boulard O, Chamaillard M, Vermeulen L, Medema JP, Huels DJ. The extracellular matrix controls stem cell specification and crypt morphology in the developing and adult mouse gut. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059544. [PMID: 36350252 PMCID: PMC9713296 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid renewal of the epithelial gut lining is fuelled by stem cells that reside at the base of intestinal crypts. The signal transduction pathways and morphogens that regulate intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation have been extensively characterised. In contrast, although extracellular matrix (ECM) components form an integral part of the intestinal stem cell niche, their direct influence on the cellular composition is less well understood. We set out to systematically compare the effect of two ECM classes, the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane, on the intestinal epithelium. We found that both collagen I and laminin-containing cultures allow growth of small intestinal epithelial cells with all cell types present in both cultures, albeit at different ratios. The collagen cultures contained a subset of cells enriched in fetal-like markers. In contrast, laminin increased Lgr5+ stem cells and Paneth cells, and induced crypt-like morphology changes. The transition from a collagen culture to a laminin culture resembled gut development in vivo. The dramatic ECM remodelling was accompanied by a local expression of the laminin receptor ITGA6 in the crypt-forming epithelium. Importantly, deletion of laminin in the adult mouse resulted in a marked reduction of adult intestinal stem cells. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that the formation of intestinal crypts is induced by an increased laminin concentration in the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ramadan
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie M. Wouters
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M. van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina E. de Groot
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Martins Garcia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, 1015 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Muncan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, 1015 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia D. Franklin
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michelle Battle
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Karen Sue Carlson
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- The Blood Research Institute of Wisconsin, part of Versiti, and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Internal Medicine, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joshua Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Olivier Boulard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Université de Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), Université de Lille, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Dings MP, van der Zalm AP, Bootsma S, van Maanen TF, Waasdorp C, van den Ende T, Liu D, Bailey P, Koster J, Zwijnenburg DA, Spek CA, Klomp JP, Oubrie A, Hooijer GK, Meijer SL, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hulshof MC, Bergman J, Oyarce C, Medema JP, van Laarhoven HW, Bijlsma MF. Estrogen-related receptor alpha drives mitochondrial biogenesis and resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100802. [PMID: 36334593 PMCID: PMC9729822 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) improves outcomes in resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but acquired resistance precludes long-term efficacy. Here, we delineate these resistance mechanisms. RNA sequencing on matched patient samples obtained pre-and post-neoadjuvant treatment reveal that oxidative phosphorylation was the most upregulated of all biological programs following nCRT. Analysis of patient-derived models confirms that mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption strongly increase in response to nCRT and that ionizing radiation is the causative agent. Bioinformatics identifies estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) as the transcription factor responsible for reprogramming, and overexpression and silencing of ESRRA functionally confirm that its downstream metabolic rewiring contributes to resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of ESRRA successfully sensitizes EAC organoids and patient-derived xenografts to radiation. In conclusion, we report a profound metabolic rewiring following chemoradiation and demonstrate that its inhibition resensitizes EAC cells to radiation. These findings hold broader relevance for other cancer types treated with radiation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P.G. Dings
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amber P. van der Zalm
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Bootsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tatum F.J. van Maanen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van den Ende
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dajia Liu
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Bailey
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Koster
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danny A. Zwijnenburg
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C. Arnold Spek
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerrit K.J. Hooijer
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten C. Hulshof
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Bergman
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cesar Oyarce
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
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9
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van de Weerd S, Smit MA, Roelands J, Mesker WE, Bedognetti D, Kuppen PJK, Putter H, Tollenaar RAEM, Roodhart JML, Hendrickx W, Medema JP, van Krieken JHJM. Correlation of Immunological and Histopathological Features with Gene Expression-Based Classifiers in Colon Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012707. [PMID: 36293565 PMCID: PMC9604175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between four distinct histopathological features: (1) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, (2) mucinous differentiation, (3) tumor-stroma ratio, plus (4) tumor budding and two gene expression-based classifiers—(1) consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) plus (2) colorectal cancer intrinsic subtypes (CRIS). All four histopathological features were retrospectively scored on hematoxylin and eosin sections of the most invasive part of the primary tumor in 218 stage II and III colon cancer patients from two independent cohorts (AMC-AJCC-90 and AC-ICAM). RNA-based CMS and CRIS assignments were independently obtained for all patients. Contingency tables were constructed and a χ2 test was used to test for statistical significance. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and a mucinous phenotype (>50% mucinous surface area) were strongly correlated with CMS1 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008) and CRIS-A (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001). The presence of mucus (≥ 10%) was associated with CMS3: mucus was present in 64.1% of all CMS3 tumors (p < 0.001). Although a clear association between tumor-stroma ratio and CMS4 was established in this study (p = 0.006), still 32 out of 61 (52.5%) CMS4 tumors were scored as stroma-low, indicating that CMS4 tumors cannot be identified solely based on stromal content. Higher budding counts were seen in CMS4 and CRIS-B tumors (p = 0.045 and p = 0.046). No other associations of the measured parameters were seen for any of the other CRIS subtypes. Our analysis revealed clear associations between histopathologic features and CMS or CRIS subtypes. However, identification of distinct molecular subtypes solely based on histopathology proved to be infeasible. Combining both molecular and morphologic features could potentially improve patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone van de Weerd
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 3521 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes A. Smit
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Roelands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
- Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Wilma E. Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Peter J. K. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A. E. M. Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine M. L. Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Translational Medicine Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 3521 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-566-2368
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10
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Dings MP, Zalm AP, Lansbergen MF, Oyarce C, Meijer SL, Waasdorp C, Medema JP, van Laarhoven H, Bijlsma MF. Abstract 4008: Transcriptomic signatures in esophageal adenocarcinoma define distinct subtypes with therapeutic relevance. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aims: Esophageal cancer is the fifth most common solid cancer globally, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the predominant histological subtype in the western world. Patients often present at an advanced stage and overall-5-year survival rates are less than 15%. In many patients, the response to neoadjuvant therapy is encouraging at first, but most will develop metastatic disease several years later. Recently, we observed plasticity along the epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) axis in EAC tumor cells upon therapeutic pressure. The last decade has seen the discovery of static molecular subtypes in cancers and a poor-prognosis mesenchymal subtype has been reported in multiple gastrointestinal cancers, but not in EAC. Here, we set out to identify transcriptomic subtypes and the frequency of their occurrence during EAC progression, and exposure to therapy in a clinical setting.
Methods: A cohort comprising of 174 esophageal cancer cases (n=100 pre-treatment biopsies, n=46 neoadjuvantly-treated resection specimens, and n=28 metastatic biopsies) with 12 esophageal cancer cell lines (8 primary and 4 ATCC cell lines) was RNA-sequenced. To circumvent non-tumor signals confounding the analysis, we leveraged non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) as a virtual microdissection tool. Patients were subtyped by consensus clustering the top 50 exemplar genes per tumor-cell intrinsic signature. Next, the subtypes were validated in two independent cohorts and clinical correlates were analyzed. In addition, we perturbed subtype-specific regulators to functionally assess the existence of the subtypes.
Results: Here, we identified 7 biological signatures involved in primary and metastatic EAC. Two of these were unambiguously tumor-intrinsic signals. All seven signatures associated with tumor cellularity scores estimated by an experienced pathologist confirming the reliability of NMF as a virtual microdissection tool. Upon clustering two EAC subtypes emerged: Intestinal-like (IL) and Mesenchymal-like (ML). ML-subtyped patients were observed with increased frequency after neoadjuvant treatment, and following metastatic dissemination. This association was validated in an independent cohort. Lastly, we identified HMGA2 as a key transcription factor for the ML-subtype. Genetic perturbation of HMGA2 induced an IL-associated phenotype.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrate for the first time from clinical transcriptomics data that EAC cells can exist in distinct cell states. In addition, the abundance of either cell states, that constitute to tumor subtype, alter when exposed to chemoradiation or following metastatic spread. These subtypes offer a valuable method to design more informed personalized treatment approaches for EAC patients; for existing and future subtype-directed treatments.
Citation Format: Mark P.G. Dings, Amber P. Zalm, Marjolein F. Lansbergen, César Oyarce, Sybren L. Meijer, Cynthia Waasdorp, Jan Paul Medema, Hanneke van Laarhoven, Maarten F. Bijlsma. Transcriptomic signatures in esophageal adenocarcinoma define distinct subtypes with therapeutic relevance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P.G. Dings
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amber P. Zalm
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - César Oyarce
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Paul Medema
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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van der Zalm AP, Dings MP, Janssen R, Bailey P, Koster J, Zwijnenburg D, Volckmann R, Waasdorp C, Blokhuis J, Oyarce C, Hooijer G, Meijer SL, Medema JP, van Laarhoven HW, Bijlsma MF. Abstract 2616: Stemness factors nanog and oct4 contribute to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and are predictive for outcome in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased six-fold in Western countries over the last decades, and 5-year survival rates remain low at 5-20%. While multimodality treatment strategies for curative treatment of esophageal cancer, including the CROSS regimen (chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery) have increased median overall survival, the majority of patients develop recurrences after several months. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recently shown by our group to be one of the major underlying mechanisms of resistance to therapy. Paradoxically, therapeutic pressure of effective therapies such as the CROSS regimen are found to instruct a mesenchymal, resistant phenotype in models for EAC. In this study, the aim was to delineate the heterogeneity for the propensity to undergo EMT after chemoradiation and which mechanisms underpin this propensity.
Methods: A panel of 8 EAC cell lines (5 primary and 3 ATCC cell lines) were treated with chemoradiotherapy and ranked by their propensity to undergo EMT, based on morphology when EMT occurred and protein marker expression. Next, the cell line panel as well as 44 pre-treated esophageal biopsies were RNA-sequenced. Expression data of the cell line panel were linked to their ranked in vitro EMT response. By means of Leave-one-out cross validation with Ridge Regression, EMT score prediction in pre-treated biopsies was validated. Gene expression profiles were related to clinical outcome data to identify markers that associated with propensity for EMT in patients.
Results: In the panel of in vitro EAC models, a strong heterogeneity was observed for the propensity to EMT after chemoradiation. For each marker, Ridge regression analysis identified the top 50 highly correlating genes. Combining all positively correlating genes of days to EMT, NCAD and ZEB1, known key transcription factors of pluripotency including NANOG and OCT4 emerged. Expression of NANOG and OCT4 in pre-treatment biopsies was highly predictive for response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, occurrence of recurrences, and survival in patients. Genetic perturbation by knockout and inhibition of NANOG and OCT4 reduced the onset of EMT and sensitized cells for chemoradiation.
Conclusions: In conclusion, we were able to identify patients who are disproportionally prone to develop EMT in response to chemoradiation. Moreover, stemness factors NANOG and OCT4 are crucial regulators in plasticity of EAC and are promising predictive markers in pre-treatment biopsies of patients. By targeting NANOG and OCT4 in vitro, cells were sensitized to chemoradiation, holding promise for stemness inhibition to prevent therapy resistance in EAC.
Citation Format: Amber Perenna van der Zalm, Mark P. Dings, Reimer Janssen, Peter Bailey, Jan Koster, Danny Zwijnenburg, Richard Volckmann, Cynthia Waasdorp, Jeroen Blokhuis, César Oyarce, Gerrit Hooijer, Sybren L. Meijer, Jan Paul Medema, Hanneke W. van Laarhoven, Maarten F. Bijlsma. Stemness factors nanog and oct4 contribute to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and are predictive for outcome in esophageal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2616.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark P. Dings
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reimer Janssen
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Bailey
- 2Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute and Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Koster
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jeroen Blokhuis
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - César Oyarce
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Hooijer
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Paul Medema
- 1Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Doeve B, Pouw RE, Van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hulshof MC, Medema JP, Derks S, Bijlsma MF, Van Laarhoven HW. Blood-borne assessment of stromal activation in esophageal adenocarcinoma to guide tocilizumab therapy: A randomized phase II proof-of-concept study (NCT04554771). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.tps4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS4166 Background: The tumor stroma is increasingly acknowledged to harbor tumor-promoting properties. Recently, we found that stroma activity measured by serum ADAM12 predicts response to chemoradiation in esophageal adenocarcinoma (Veenstra et al., Oncogenesis, 2018). Preclinically, the esophageal adenocarcinoma stroma was found to produce interleukin 6, which causes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. These mesenchymal tumor cells have a poor response to chemoradiation (Ebbing et al., PNAS, 2019). Therefore, stroma-derived interleukin 6 provides a potential new target to improve the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Tocilizumab is an interleukin 6 receptor inhibitor clinically used in rheumatoid arthritis and cytokine-release syndrome. In this phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial, we aim to demonstrate that stroma-targeting by tocilizumab in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with highly activated stroma increases efficacy of chemoradiation measured by pathological response according to the Mandard criteria. Methods: BASALT is a multi-center, randomized, open-label phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial in patients with surgically resectable adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction (NCT04554771). To assess efficacy of tocilizumab in addition to chemoradiation, 48 patients will be grouped for serum ADAM12 level with a cutoff of 203 pg/mL. Patients are then randomized in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive three cycles of tocilizumab every two weeks in addition to paclitaxel, carboplatin and radiation (Table). The sample size is based on the rule-of thumb estimate of 12 patients per arm. Tocilizumab will be given intravenously at a dose of 8 mg/kg with a maximum of 800 mg per dose. Efficacy will be assessed by pathological response to chemoradiation according to the Mandard criteria. Secondary endpoints are overall and progression free survival, safety and toxicity, feasibility and efficacy of interleukin 6 inhibition with serum interleukin 6 levels, immunohistochemistry and RNA-sequencing. Currently, 28 out of the 48 planned patients have been enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT04554771. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Benthe Doeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roos E. Pouw
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten C.C.M. Hulshof
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Derks
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. Van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Ten Hoorn S, Waasdorp C, van Oijen MGH, Damhofer H, Trinh A, Zhao L, Smits LJH, Bootsma S, van Pelt GW, Mesker WE, Mol L, Goey KKH, Koopman M, Medema JP, Tuynman JB, Zlobec I, Punt CJA, Vermeulen L, Bijlsma MF. Serum-based measurements of stromal activation through ADAM12 associate with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:394. [PMID: 35413826 PMCID: PMC9004139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently it has been recognized that stromal markers could be used as a clinically relevant biomarker for therapy response and prognosis. Here, we report on a serum marker for stromal activation, A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Using gene expression databases we investigated ADAM12 expression in CRC and delineated the source of ADAM12 expression. The clinical value of ADAM12 was retrospectively assessed in the CAIRO2 trial in metastatic CRC with 235 patients (31% of total cohort), and an independent rectal cancer cohort (n = 20). Results ADAM12 is expressed by activated CRC associated fibroblasts. In the CAIRO2 trial cohort, ADAM12 serum levels were prognostic (ADAM12 low versus ADAM12 high; median OS 25.3 vs. 17.1 months, HR 1.48 [95% CI 1.11–1.96], P = 0.007). The prognostic potential was specifically high for metastatic rectal cancer (HR 1.78 [95% CI 1.06–3.00], P = 0.030) and mesenchymal subtype tumors (HR 2.12 [95% CI 1.25–3.60], P = 0.004). ADAM12 also showed potential for predicting recurrence in an exploratory analysis of non-metastatic rectal cancers. Conclusions Here we describe a non-invasive marker for activated stroma in CRC which associates with poor outcome, especially for primary cancers located in the rectum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09436-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ten Hoorn
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn G H van Oijen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Damhofer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Anne Trinh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lisanne J H Smits
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Bootsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabi W van Pelt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Mol
- Department of Data Management, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Center (IKNL), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaitlyn K H Goey
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan B Tuynman
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Ramesh P, Di Franco S, Atencia Taboada L, Zhang L, Nicotra A, Stassi G, Medema JP. BCL-XL inhibition induces an FGFR4-mediated rescue response in colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110374. [PMID: 35172148 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous therapy response observed in colorectal cancer is in part due to cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist chemotherapeutic insults. The anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL plays a critical role in protecting CSCs from cell death, where its inhibition with high doses of BH3 mimetics can induce apoptosis. Here, we screen a compound library for synergy with low-dose BCL-XL inhibitor A-1155463 to identify pathways that regulate sensitivity to BCL-XL inhibition and reveal that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)4 inhibition effectively sensitizes to A-1155463 both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we identify a rescue response that is activated upon BCL-XL inhibition and leads to rapid FGF2 secretion and subsequent FGFR4-mediated post-translational stabilization of MCL-1. FGFR4 inhibition prevents MCL-1 upregulation and thereby sensitizes CSCs to BCL-XL inhibition. Altogether, our findings suggest a cell transferable induction of a FGF2/FGFR4 rescue response in CRC that is induced upon BCL-XL inhibition and leads to MCL-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Atencia Taboada
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Le Zhang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Nicotra
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Mangiapane LR, Nicotra A, Turdo A, Gaggianesi M, Bianca P, Di Franco S, Sardina DS, Veschi V, Signore M, Beyes S, Fagnocchi L, Fiori ME, Bongiorno MR, Lo Iacono M, Pillitteri I, Ganduscio G, Gulotta G, Medema JP, Zippo A, Todaro M, De Maria R, Stassi G. PI3K-driven HER2 expression is a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer stem cells. Gut 2022; 71:119-128. [PMID: 33436496 PMCID: PMC8666826 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer stem cells are responsible for tumour spreading and relapse. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is a negative prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) and a potential target in tumours carrying the gene amplification. Our aim was to define the expression of HER2 in colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) and its possible role as therapeutic target in CRC resistant to anti- epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. DESIGN A collection of primary sphere cell cultures obtained from 60 CRC specimens was used to generate CR-CSC mouse avatars to preclinically validate therapeutic options. We also made use of the ChIP-seq analysis for transcriptional evaluation of HER2 activation and global RNA-seq to identify the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. RESULTS Here we show that in CD44v6-positive CR-CSCs, high HER2 expression levels are associated with an activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, which promotes the acetylation at the regulatory elements of the Erbb2 gene. HER2 targeting in combination with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors induces CR-CSC death and regression of tumour xenografts, including those carrying Kras and Pik3ca mutation. Requirement for the triple targeting is due to the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts, which release cytokines able to confer CR-CSC resistance to PI3K/AKT inhibitors. In contrast, targeting of PI3K/AKT as monotherapy is sufficient to kill liver-disseminating CR-CSCs in a model of adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS While PI3K targeting kills liver-colonising CR-CSCs, the concomitant inhibition of PI3K, HER2 and MEK is required to induce regression of tumours resistant to anti-EGFR therapies. These data may provide a rationale for designing clinical trials in the adjuvant and metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nicotra
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Bianca
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Stefano Sardina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Sven Beyes
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Micol Eleonora Fiori
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Pillitteri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gloria Ganduscio
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Gulotta
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands,Oncode Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Alessio Zippo
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy .,Policlinico A Gemelli, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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16
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Di Franco S, Zhang L, Gaggianesi M, Lo Iacono M, Medema JP, Stassi G. FACS-based protocol to assess cytotoxicity and clonogenic potential of colorectal cancer stem cells using a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway reporter. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100880. [PMID: 34712995 PMCID: PMC8529548 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumor initiation and progression. A real-time tool to evaluate the activation of CSC-specific signaling pathways is crucial for the study of this cancer cell subset. Here, we present a protocol to monitor, in vitro, the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is considered a functional biomarker for colorectal CSCs (CR-CSCs). This flow-cytometry-based protocol allows it to isolate CR-CSCs and to evaluate their cytotoxicity upon anti-tumor treatments. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Di Franco et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Le Zhang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
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17
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Ramesh P, Lannagan TRM, Jackstadt R, Atencia Taboada L, Lansu N, Wirapati P, van Hooff SR, Dekker D, Pritchard J, Kirov AB, van Neerven SM, Tejpar S, Kops GJPL, Sansom OJ, Medema JP. BCL-XL is crucial for progression through the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3282-3296. [PMID: 34117376 PMCID: PMC8630104 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, which is frequently mediated by upregulation of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. In colorectal cancer (CRC), previous work has highlighted differential antiapoptotic protein dependencies determined by the stage of the disease. While intestinal stem cells (ISCs) require BCL-2 for adenoma outgrowth and survival during transformation, ISC-specific MCL1 deletion results in disturbed intestinal homeostasis, eventually contributing to tumorigenesis. Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs), however, no longer require BCL-2 and depend mainly on BCL-XL for their survival. We therefore hypothesized that a shift in antiapoptotic protein reliance occurs in ISCs as the disease progresses from normal to adenoma to carcinoma. By targeting antiapoptotic proteins with specific BH3 mimetics in organoid models of CRC progression, we found that BCL-2 is essential only during ISC transformation while MCL1 inhibition did not affect adenoma outgrowth. BCL-XL, on the other hand, was crucial for stem cell survival throughout the adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence. Furthermore, we identified that the limited window of BCL-2 reliance is a result of its downregulation by miR-17-5p, a microRNA that is upregulated upon APC-mutation driven transformation. Here we show that BCL-XL inhibition effectively impairs adenoma outgrowth in vivo and enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy. In line with this dependency, expression of BCL-XL, but not BCL-2 or MCL1, directly correlated to the outcome of chemotherapy-treated CRC patients. Our results provide insights to enable the rational use of BH3 mimetics in CRC management, particularly underlining the therapeutic potential of BCL-XL targeting mimetics in both early and late-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lidia Atencia Taboada
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lansu
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Dekker
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Pritchard
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar B Kirov
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, AmsterdamUMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Asif PJ, Longobardi C, Hahne M, Medema JP. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4720. [PMID: 34572947 PMCID: PMC8472587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in cancer progression by contributing to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling, extensive crosstalk with cancer cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. As metastasis is a main reason for cancer-related deaths, it is crucial to understand the role of CAFs in this process. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and lethality is especially common in a subtype of CRC with high stromal infiltration. A key component of stroma is cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). To provide new perspectives for research on CAFs and CAF-targeted therapeutics, especially in CRC, we discuss the mechanisms, crosstalk, and functions involved in CAF-mediated cancer invasion, metastasis, and protection. This summary can serve as a framework for future studies elucidating these roles of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris Jabeen Asif
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.A.); (C.L.)
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ciro Longobardi
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.A.); (C.L.)
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hahne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (P.J.A.); (C.L.)
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Leach JDG, Vlahov N, Tsantoulis P, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Gilroy K, Sphyris N, Vázquez EG, Vincent DF, Faller WJ, Hodder MC, Raven A, Fey S, Najumudeen AK, Strathdee D, Nixon C, Hughes M, Clark W, Shaw R, van Hooff SR, Huels DJ, Medema JP, Barry ST, Frame MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Leedham SJ, Inman GJ, Jackstadt R, Thompson BJ, Campbell AD, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ. Oncogenic BRAF, unrestrained by TGFβ-receptor signalling, drives right-sided colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 34103493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐021‐23717‐5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Right-sided (proximal) colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and a distinct mutational profile, characterized by oncogenic BRAF mutations and aberrations in mismatch repair and TGFβ signalling. Here, we describe a mouse model of right-sided colon cancer driven by oncogenic BRAF and loss of epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling. The proximal colonic tumours that develop in this model exhibit a foetal-like progenitor phenotype (Ly6a/Sca1+) and, importantly, lack expression of Lgr5 and its associated intestinal stem cell signature. These features are recapitulated in human BRAF-mutant, right-sided CRCs and represent fundamental differences between left- and right-sided disease. Microbial-driven inflammation supports the initiation and progression of these tumours with foetal-like characteristics, consistent with their predilection for the microbe-rich right colon and their antibiotic sensitivity. While MAPK-pathway activating mutations drive this foetal-like signature via ERK-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the same foetal-like transcriptional programs are also initiated by inflammation in a MAPK-independent manner. Importantly, in both contexts, epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling is instrumental in suppressing the tumorigenic potential of these foetal-like progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ester G Vázquez
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sigrid Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK. .,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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20
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Leach JDG, Vlahov N, Tsantoulis P, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Gilroy K, Sphyris N, Vázquez EG, Vincent DF, Faller WJ, Hodder MC, Raven A, Fey S, Najumudeen AK, Strathdee D, Nixon C, Hughes M, Clark W, Shaw R, van Hooff SR, Huels DJ, Medema JP, Barry ST, Frame MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Leedham SJ, Inman GJ, Jackstadt R, Thompson BJ, Campbell AD, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ. Oncogenic BRAF, unrestrained by TGFβ-receptor signalling, drives right-sided colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3464. [PMID: 34103493 PMCID: PMC8187652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Right-sided (proximal) colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and a distinct mutational profile, characterized by oncogenic BRAF mutations and aberrations in mismatch repair and TGFβ signalling. Here, we describe a mouse model of right-sided colon cancer driven by oncogenic BRAF and loss of epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling. The proximal colonic tumours that develop in this model exhibit a foetal-like progenitor phenotype (Ly6a/Sca1+) and, importantly, lack expression of Lgr5 and its associated intestinal stem cell signature. These features are recapitulated in human BRAF-mutant, right-sided CRCs and represent fundamental differences between left- and right-sided disease. Microbial-driven inflammation supports the initiation and progression of these tumours with foetal-like characteristics, consistent with their predilection for the microbe-rich right colon and their antibiotic sensitivity. While MAPK-pathway activating mutations drive this foetal-like signature via ERK-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the same foetal-like transcriptional programs are also initiated by inflammation in a MAPK-independent manner. Importantly, in both contexts, epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling is instrumental in suppressing the tumorigenic potential of these foetal-like progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ester G Vázquez
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sigrid Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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21
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Linnekamp JF, Kandimalla R, Fessler E, de Jong JH, Rodermond HM, van Bochove GGW, The FO, Punt CJA, Bemelman WA, van de Ven AWH, Tanis PJ, Kemper EM, Koens L, Dekker E, Vermeulen L, van Laarhoven HWM, Medema JP. Pre-Operative Decitabine in Colon Cancer Patients: Analyses on WNT Target Methylation and Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102357. [PMID: 34068407 PMCID: PMC8153633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation is common in colon cancer. Previously, we have shown that methylation of WNT target genes predicts poor prognosis in stage II colon cancer. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether pre-operative treatment with decitabine can decrease methylation and increase the expression of WNT target genes APCDD1, AXIN2 and DKK1 in colon cancer patients. A clinical study was conducted, investigating these potential effects of decitabine in colon cancer patients (DECO). Patients were treated two times with 25 mg/m2 decitabine before surgery. Methylation and expression of LINE1 and WNT target genes (primary outcome) and expression of endogenous retroviral genes (secondary outcome) were analysed in pre- and post-treatment tumour samples using pyrosequencing and rt-PCR. Ten patients were treated with decitabine and eighteen patients were used as controls. Decitabine treatment only marginally decreased LINE1 methylation. More importantly, no differences in methylation or expression of WNT target or endogenous retroviral genes were observed. Due to the lack of an effect on primary and secondary outcomes, the study was prematurely closed. In conclusion, pre-operative treatment with decitabine is safe, but with the current dosing, the primary objective, increased WNT target gene expression, cannot be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke F. Linnekamp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raju Kandimalla
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Joan H. de Jong
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M. Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor G. W. van Bochove
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans O. The
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, OLVG, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Cornelis J. A. Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.J.A.P.); (H.W.M.v.L.)
| | - Willem A. Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.A.B.); (A.W.H.v.d.V.); (P.J.T.)
| | - Anthony W. H. van de Ven
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.A.B.); (A.W.H.v.d.V.); (P.J.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Flevo Hospital Almere, 1315 RA Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Tanis
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.A.B.); (A.W.H.v.d.V.); (P.J.T.)
| | - Elles M. Kemper
- Department of Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Lianne Koens
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.J.A.P.); (H.W.M.v.L.)
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.F.L.); (R.K.); (E.F.); (J.H.d.J.); (H.M.R.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zhang L, Ramesh P, Steinmetz M, Medema JP. BH3 Mimetic Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines in Correlation with Molecular Features Identifies Predictors of Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083811. [PMID: 33917026 PMCID: PMC8067732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, which in part explains the differential response to chemotherapy observed in the clinic. BH3 mimetics, which target anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, have shown potential in the treatment of hematological malignancies and offer promise for the treatment of solid tumors as well. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the response to BH3 mimetics in CRC and the underlying molecular factors predicting sensitivity, we screened a panel of CRC cell lines with four BH3 mimetics targeting distinct anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins. Treatment with compounds alone and in combination revealed potent efficacy of combined MCL-1 and BCL-XL inhibition in inducing CRC cell death, irrespective of molecular features. Importantly, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein target of BH3 mimetics on its own did not predict sensitivity. However, the analysis did identify consensus molecular subtype (CMS) specific response patterns, such as higher resistance to single and combined BCL-2 and MCL-1 inhibition in CMS2 cell lines. Furthermore, analysis of mutation status revealed that KRAS mutant cell lines were more resistant to MCL-1 inhibition. Conclusively, we find that CRC cell lines presented with distinct responses to BH3 mimetics that can in part be predicted by their CMS profile and KRAS/BRAF mutations. Overall, almost all CRC lines share sensitivity in the nanomolar range to combined MCL-1 and BCL-XL targeting suggesting that this would be the preferred approach to target these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (P.R.); (M.S.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (P.R.); (M.S.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Steinmetz
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (P.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.Z.); (P.R.); (M.S.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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23
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van den Berg I, van de Weerd S, van Klaveren D, Coebergh van den Braak RRJ, van Krieken JHJM, Koopman M, Roodhart JML, Medema JP, IJzermans JNM. Daily practice in guideline adherence to adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer and predictors of outcome. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2060-2068. [PMID: 33745794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.03.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer patients, many patients do not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to identify reasons for guideline non-adherence and assess the effect on patient outcomes in a multicenter cohort of stage III colon cancer patients who received surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2017 were included. Reasons for non-adherence were determined. Propensity score analyses with inverse probability weighting were performed to adjust for confounding factors. Cox proportional hazards regression and risk stratified analyses were performed to assess the association of guideline adherence and other potential predictors with recurrence free survival (RFS). RESULTS Data of 575 patients were included of whom 61% received adjuvant chemotherapy. In 87 of 222 patients (39%) who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, no reason was documented. Only age was predictive for receiving chemotherapy. Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy had longer RFS (HR 0.42, 95%CI 0.29-0.62, p < 0.001). High T- and N-stage were associated with poorer RFS HR 2.0 (95%CI 1.58-2.71, p < 0.001) and HR 2.19 (95%CI 1.60-2.99, p < 0.001) respectively. Risk groups were identified with distinct prognosis and treatment effect and a nomogram is presented to visualize individualized RFS differences. CONCLUSION This study shows considerable variation in guideline adherence to adjuvant chemotherapy and poor documentation on reasons for non-adherence. Optimizing adherence and gaining insight in reasons for non-adherence is advocated as this can lead to significant RFS benefit, especially in patients with high T-and N-stage tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van den Berg
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S van de Weerd
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D van Klaveren
- Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - J H J M van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J M L Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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24
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Pickering KA, Gilroy K, Cassidy JW, Fey SK, Najumudeen AK, Zeiger LB, Vincent DF, Gay DM, Johansson J, Fordham RP, Miller B, Clark W, Hedley A, Unal EB, Kiel C, McGhee E, Machesky LM, Nixon C, Johnsson AE, Bain M, Strathdee D, van Hoof SR, Medema JP, Anderson KI, Brachmann SM, Stucke VM, Malliri A, Drysdale M, Turner M, Serrano L, Myant K, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. A RAC-GEF network critical for early intestinal tumourigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 33397922 PMCID: PMC7782582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 activity is critical for intestinal homeostasis, and is required for hyperproliferation driven by loss of the tumour suppressor gene Apc in the murine intestine. To avoid the impact of direct targeting upon homeostasis, we reasoned that indirect targeting of RAC1 via RAC-GEFs might be effective. Transcriptional profiling of Apc deficient intestinal tissue identified Vav3 and Tiam1 as key targets. Deletion of these indicated that while TIAM1 deficiency could suppress Apc-driven hyperproliferation, it had no impact upon tumourigenesis, while VAV3 deficiency had no effect. Intriguingly, deletion of either gene resulted in upregulation of Vav2, with subsequent targeting of all three (Vav2-/- Vav3-/- Tiam1-/-), profoundly suppressing hyperproliferation, tumourigenesis and RAC1 activity, without impacting normal homeostasis. Critically, the observed RAC-GEF dependency was negated by oncogenic KRAS mutation. Together, these data demonstrate that while targeting RAC-GEF molecules may have therapeutic impact at early stages, this benefit may be lost in late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Pickering
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - K Gilroy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J W Cassidy
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - S K Fey
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A K Najumudeen
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L B Zeiger
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D F Vincent
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - D M Gay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J Johansson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - R P Fordham
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - B Miller
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - W Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - E B Unal
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E McGhee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - C Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A E Johnsson
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - M Bain
- IBAHCM and School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D Strathdee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - S R van Hoof
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K I Anderson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - S M Brachmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V M Stucke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Malliri
- CRUK Manchester Institute, 553 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - M Drysdale
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States
| | - M Turner
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - L Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Myant
- Edinburgh Research Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - A D Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - O J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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25
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Spit M, Fenderico N, Jordens I, Radaszkiewicz T, Lindeboom RGH, Bugter JM, Cristobal A, Ootes L, van Osch M, Janssen E, Boonekamp KE, Hanakova K, Potesil D, Zdrahal Z, Boj SF, Medema JP, Bryja V, Koo B, Vermeulen M, Maurice MM. RNF43 truncations trap CK1 to drive niche-independent self-renewal in cancer. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103932. [PMID: 32965059 PMCID: PMC7503102 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a primary pathway for stem cell maintenance during tissue renewal and a frequent target for mutations in cancer. Impaired Wnt receptor endocytosis due to loss of the ubiquitin ligase RNF43 gives rise to Wnt-hypersensitive tumors that are susceptible to anti-Wnt-based therapy. Contrary to this paradigm, we identify a class of RNF43 truncating cancer mutations that induce β-catenin-mediated transcription, despite exhibiting retained Wnt receptor downregulation. These mutations interfere with a ubiquitin-independent suppressor role of the RNF43 cytosolic tail that involves Casein kinase 1 (CK1) binding and phosphorylation. Mechanistically, truncated RNF43 variants trap CK1 at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing β-catenin turnover and propelling ligand-independent target gene transcription. Gene editing of human colon stem cells shows that RNF43 truncations cooperate with p53 loss to drive a niche-independent program for self-renewal and proliferation. Moreover, these RNF43 variants confer decreased sensitivity to anti-Wnt-based therapy. Our data demonstrate the relevance of studying patient-derived mutations for understanding disease mechanisms and improved applications of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Spit
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nicola Fenderico
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Jordens
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Rik GH Lindeboom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncode InstituteFaculty of ScienceRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Bugter
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alba Cristobal
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Ootes
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Max van Osch
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eline Janssen
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim E Boonekamp
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Katerina Hanakova
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid TechnologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam UMCCancer Center AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bon‐Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncode InstituteFaculty of ScienceRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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26
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Coebergh van den Braak RRJ, Ten Hoorn S, Sieuwerts AM, Tuynman JB, Smid M, Wilting SM, Martens JWM, Punt CJA, Foekens JA, Medema JP, IJzermans JNM, Vermeulen L. Interconnectivity between molecular subtypes and tumor stage in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:850. [PMID: 32887573 PMCID: PMC7473811 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are profound individual differences in clinical outcomes between colorectal cancers (CRCs) presenting with identical stage of disease. Molecular stratification, in conjunction with the traditional TNM staging, is a promising way to predict patient outcomes. We investigated the interconnectivity between tumor stage and tumor biology reflected by the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMSs) in CRC, and explored the possible value of these insights in patients with stage II colon cancer. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis using clinical records and gene expression profiling in a meta-cohort of 1040 CRC patients. The interconnectivity of tumor biology and disease stage was assessed by investigating the association between CMSs and TNM classification. In order to validate the clinical applicability of our findings we employed a meta-cohort of 197 stage II colon cancers. RESULTS CMS4 was significantly more prevalent in advanced stages of disease (stage I 9.8% versus stage IV 38.5%, p < 0.001). The observed differential gene expression between cancer stages is at least partly explained by the biological differences as reflected by CMS subtypes. Gene signatures for stage III-IV and CMS4 were highly correlated (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). CMS4 cancers showed an increased progression rate to more advanced stages (CMS4 compared to CMS2: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46). Patients with a CMS4 cancer had worse survival in the high-risk stage II tumors compared to the total stage II cohort (5-year DFS 41.7% versus 100.0%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Considerable interconnectivity between tumor biology and tumor stage in CRC exists. This implies that the TNM stage, in addition to the stage of progression, might also reflect distinct biological disease entities. These insights can potentially be utilized to optimize identification of high-risk stage II colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R J Coebergh van den Braak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Ten Hoorn
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J B Tuynman
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Wilting
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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van den Berg I, van de Weerd S, Roodhart JML, Vink GR, van den Braak RRJC, Jimenez CR, Elias SG, van Vliet D, Koelink M, Hong E, van Grevenstein WMU, van Oijen MGH, Beets-Tan RGH, van Krieken JHJM, IJzermans JNM, Medema JP, Koopman M. Improving clinical management of colon cancer through CONNECTION, a nation-wide colon cancer registry and stratification effort (CONNECTION II trial): rationale and protocol of a single arm intervention study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:776. [PMID: 32811457 PMCID: PMC7433093 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that around 15-30% of patients with early stage colon cancer benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. We are currently not capable of upfront selection of patients who benefit from chemotherapy, which indicates the need for additional predictive markers for response to chemotherapy. It has been shown that the consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), defined by RNA-profiling, have prognostic and/or predictive value. Due to postoperative timing of chemotherapy in current guidelines, tumor response to chemotherapy per CMS is not known, which makes the differentiation between the prognostic and predictive value impossible. Therefore, we propose to assess the tumor response per CMS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy setting. This will provide us with clear data on the predictive value for chemotherapy response of the CMSs. METHODS In this prospective, single arm, multicenter intervention study, 262 patients with resectable microsatellite stable cT3-4NxM0 colon cancer will be treated with two courses of neoadjuvant and two courses of adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin. The primary endpoint is the pathological tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy per CMS. Secondary endpoints are radiological tumor response, the prognostic value of these responses for recurrence free survival and overall survival and the differences in CMS classification of the same tumor before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The study is scheduled to be performed in 8-10 Dutch hospitals. The first patient was included in February 2020. DISCUSSION Patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage colon cancer is far from optimal. The CMS classification is a promising new biomarker, but a solid chemotherapy response assessment per subtype is lacking. In this study we will investigate whether CMS classification can be of added value in clinical decision making by analyzing the predictive value for chemotherapy response. This study can provide the results necessary to proceed to future studies in which (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy may be withhold in patients with a specific CMS subtype, who show no benefit from chemotherapy and for whom possible new treatments can be investigated. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL8177) at 11-26-2019, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8177 . The study has been approved by the medical ethics committee Utrecht (MEC18/712).
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Affiliation(s)
- I van den Berg
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S van de Weerd
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M L Roodhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G R Vink
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, department of research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - C R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC- location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S G Elias
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D van Vliet
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Koelink
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Hong
- Department of radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M U van Grevenstein
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M G H van Oijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R G H Beets-Tan
- Department of radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H J M van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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28
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Kedde M, Beaumont T, Merat SJ, Kwakkenbos MJ, Bartels L, Berg DVD, Wagner K, Bakker AQ, Maijoor K, Böhne M, Bru C, Kattler V, Eenennaam HV, Roos VH, Kallenberg FG, Medema JP, Hensbergen PJ, van Helden P, Dekker E, Spits H. Abstract 5163: A colon cancer survivor-derived antibody recognizes a previously unidentified truncated, O-mannosylated 70kDa variant of E-cadherin. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with Lynch syndrome is characterized by an abundance of infiltrating lymphocytes. To study whether tumor-specific antibodies with therapeutic potential can be isolated from these patients, the B-cell repertoire from a patient with Lynch syndrome who recovered from a stage IV colon carcinoma was screened. Here we describe a novel human antibody, AT1636 that recognizes a previously unidentified O-mannosylated 70kDa form of E-cadherin. The intercellular interactions by E-cadherin on tumor cells have for long been recognized as protective in cancer metastasis, and deregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
METHODS AIMM's BCL6 and Bcl-xL immortalization method[1] was used to interrogate the human antibody repertoire against targets on colon cancer cells. From a carrier of a pathogenic gene variant in the MSH6 gene diagnosed with stage IV CRC and liver metastasis that had been treated with avastin, capecitabine and oxaliplatin, peripheral-blood memory B cells were obtained 9 years after last treatment. Antibodies-containing supernatant of cultured B-cells were screened for binding to 3 different CRC cell lines (DLD1, LS174T and COLO205) and absence of binding to fibroblast by flow cytometry. High-affinity variants of AT1636 (AT1636IYN) were sorted from the AID-expressing immortalized B-cells clone[2].
RESULTS Patient derived antibodies that demonstrated differential binding to CRC cells were further characterized. Targets recognized by such antibodies were identified using immunoprecipitation and mass-spectrometry. AT1636 binds to a previously unidentified single O-mannosylated 70kDa E-cadherin variant (ECV). Although the 70 kDa ECV is found in all cells that express full length E-cadherin, tumor-specific binding of AT1636 is dependent on the single O-mannosylation pattern in the antibody epitope on ECV. Using shRNA knock-down AT1636 binding was shown to depend on the transmembrane O-mannosyltransferase targeting cadherins 3 (TMTC3)[3]. In accordance, coexpression of TMTC3 and E-cadherin in tumor cells is predictive for AT1636 binding. In addition, we observed that (over)expression of ECV results in a strong de-adhesive, EMT-like phenotype. Although AT1636 by itself is not able to induce ADCC, the CD3-bispecific antibody (single-chain UCHT1) AT1636 format specifically killed CRC cell lines.
CONCLUSION The AT1636 antibody retrieved from a patient with Lynch syndrome binds a previous unidentified cancer-specific O-mannosylated 70kDa form of E-cadherin. This variant might play a role in tumor-cell invasion and metastasis. More importantly, we provide a rationale to advance AT1636 based therapeutics for treatment of CRC.
references
1) Kwakkenbos et al. Generation of stable monoclonal antibody-producing B cell receptor-positive human memory B cells by genetic programming. Nature Medicine 2010
2) Wagner et al. Bispecific antibody generated with sortase and click chemistry has broad antiinfluenza virus activity. PNAS 2014
3) Larsen et al. Discovery of an O-mannosylation pathway selectively serving cadherins and protocadherins. PNAS 2017
Citation Format: Martijn Kedde, Tim Beaumont, Sabrina J. Merat, Mark J. Kwakkenbos, Lina Bartels, Dorien van de Berg, Koen Wagner, Arjen Q. Bakker, Kelly Maijoor, Martino Böhne, Camille Bru, Veronika Kattler, Hans van Eenennaam, Victorine H. Roos, Frank G.J. Kallenberg, Jan Paul Medema, Paul J. Hensbergen, Pauline van Helden, Evelien Dekker, Hergen Spits. A colon cancer survivor-derived antibody recognizes a previously unidentified truncated, O-mannosylated 70kDa variant of E-cadherin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5163.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victorine H. Roos
- 2Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank G.J. Kallenberg
- 2Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- 3Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, and Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- 4Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden UMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Evelien Dekker
- 2Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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29
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Buikhuisen JY, Torang A, Medema JP. Exploring and modelling colon cancer inter-tumour heterogeneity: opportunities and challenges. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:66. [PMID: 32647253 PMCID: PMC7347540 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer inter-tumour heterogeneity is installed on multiple levels, ranging from (epi)genetic driver events to signalling pathway rewiring reflected by differential gene expression patterns. Although the existence of heterogeneity in colon cancer has been recognised for a longer period of time, it is sparingly incorporated as a determining factor in current clinical practice. Here we describe how unsupervised gene expression-based classification efforts, amongst which the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), can stratify patients in biological subgroups associated with distinct disease outcome and responses to therapy. We will discuss what is needed to extend these subtyping efforts to the clinic and we will argue that preclinical models recapitulate CMS subtypes and can be of vital use to increase our understanding of treatment response and resistance and to discover novel targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y Buikhuisen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arezo Torang
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for tissue homeostasis. De-regulation of the balance between proliferation and apoptosis contributes to tumor initiation. Particularly in the colon where apoptosis is a crucial process in intestinal turnover, inhibition of apoptosis facilitates transformation and tumor progression. The BCL-2 family of proteins are key regulators of apoptosis and have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. In this review we outline the current knowledge on the BCL-2 family-regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway and mechanisms by which it is de-regulated in CRC. We further review BH3 mimetics as a therapeutic opportunity to target this pathway and evaluate their potential for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Steins A, van Mackelenbergh MG, van der Zalm AP, Klaassen R, Serrels B, Goris SG, Kocher HM, Waasdorp C, de Jong JH, Tekin C, Besselink MG, Busch OR, van de Vijver MJ, Verheij J, Dijk F, van Tienhoven G, Wilmink JW, Medema JP, van Laarhoven HWM, Bijlsma MF. High-grade mesenchymal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma drives stromal deactivation through CSF-1. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48780. [PMID: 32173982 PMCID: PMC7202203 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundance of stroma. Multiple molecular classification efforts have identified a mesenchymal tumor subtype that is consistently characterized by high-grade growth and poor clinical outcome. The relation between PDAC stroma and tumor subtypes is still unclear. Here, we aimed to identify how PDAC cells instruct the main cellular component of stroma, the pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). We found in primary tissue that high-grade PDAC had reduced collagen deposition compared to low-grade PDAC. Xenografts and organotypic co-cultures established from mesenchymal-like PDAC cells featured reduced collagen and activated PSC content. Medium transfer experiments using a large set of PDAC cell lines revealed that mesenchymal-like PDAC cells consistently downregulated ACTA2 and COL1A1 expression in PSCs and reduced proliferation. We identified colony-stimulating factor 1 as the mesenchymal PDAC-derived ligand that deactivates PSCs, and inhibition of its receptor CSF1R was able to counteract this effect. In conclusion, high-grade PDAC features stroma that is low in collagen and activated PSC content, and targeting CSF1R offers direct options to maintain a tumor-restricting microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Madelaine G van Mackelenbergh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Amber P van der Zalm
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Remy Klaassen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgow Precision Oncology LaboratoryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Sandrine G Goris
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumor BiologyBarts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joan H de Jong
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cansu Tekin
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of SurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Olivier R Busch
- Department of SurgeryCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc J van de Vijver
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Geertjan van Tienhoven
- Department of Radiation OncologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hanneke WM van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical OncologyCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and RadiobiologyCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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32
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Steins A, Klaassen R, Jacobs I, Schabel MC, van Lier MGJTB, Ebbing EA, Hectors SJ, Tas SW, Maracle CX, Punt CJA, Siebes M, Bergman JJGHM, Medema JP, Wilmink JW, Mathot RAA, Strijkers GJ, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Rapid stromal remodeling by short-term VEGFR2 inhibition increases chemotherapy delivery in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:704-720. [PMID: 31733011 PMCID: PMC7138404 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy is an important strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. However, survival benefit is limited, urging the improvement of combination therapies. We aimed to clarify the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) targeting on hemodynamic function and penetration of drugs in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of EAC were subjected to long-term and short-term treatment with anti-VEGFR2 therapy followed by chemotherapy injection or multi-agent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-) MRI and vascular casting. Long-term anti-VEGFR2-treated tumors showed a relatively lower flow and vessel density resulting in reduced chemotherapy uptake. On the contrary, short-term VEGFR2 targeting resulted in relatively higher flow, rapid vasodilation, and improved chemotherapy delivery. Assessment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) revealed that short-term anti-angiogenic treatment drastically remodels the tumor stroma by inducing nitric oxide synthesis and hyaluronan degradation, thereby dilating the vasculature and improving intratumoral chemotherapy delivery. These previously unrecognized beneficial effects could not be maintained by long-term VEGFR2 inhibition. As the identified mechanisms are targetable, they offer direct options to enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy in EAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remy Klaassen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical NMR, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C Schabel
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Monique G J T B van Lier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Ebbing
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie J Hectors
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sander W Tas
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Siebes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A A Mathot
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Dijk F, Veenstra VL, Soer EC, Dings MPG, Zhao L, Halfwerk JB, Hooijer GK, Damhofer H, Marzano M, Steins A, Waasdorp C, Busch OR, Besselink MG, Tol JA, Welling L, van Rijssen LB, Klompmaker S, Wilmink HW, van Laarhoven HW, Medema JP, Vermeulen L, van Hooff SR, Koster J, Verheij J, van de Vijver MJ, Wang X, Bijlsma MF. Unsupervised class discovery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals cell-intrinsic mesenchymal features and high concordance between existing classification systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:337. [PMID: 31941932 PMCID: PMC6962149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis of all common cancers. However, divergent outcomes exist between patients, suggesting distinct underlying tumor biology. Here, we delineated this heterogeneity, compared interconnectivity between classification systems, and experimentally addressed the tumor biology that drives poor outcome. RNA-sequencing of 90 resected specimens and unsupervised classification revealed four subgroups associated with distinct outcomes. The worst-prognosis subtype was characterized by mesenchymal gene signatures. Comparative (network) analysis showed high interconnectivity with previously identified classification schemes and high robustness of the mesenchymal subtype. From species-specific transcript analysis of matching patient-derived xenografts we constructed dedicated classifiers for experimental models. Detailed assessments of tumor growth in subtyped experimental models revealed that a highly invasive growth pattern of mesenchymal subtype tumor cells is responsible for its poor outcome. Concluding, by developing a classification system tailored to experimental models, we have uncovered subtype-specific biology that should be further explored to improve treatment of a group of PDAC patients that currently has little therapeutic benefit from surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Veronique L Veenstra
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline C Soer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark P G Dings
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Johannes B Halfwerk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit K Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helene Damhofer
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Marco Marzano
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier R Busch
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Tol
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lieke Welling
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart B van Rijssen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjors Klompmaker
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc J van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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34
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Serna N, Álamo P, Ramesh P, Vinokurova D, Sánchez-García L, Unzueta U, Gallardo A, Céspedes MV, Vázquez E, Villaverde A, Mangues R, Medema JP. Nanostructured toxins for the selective destruction of drug-resistant human CXCR4 + colorectal cancer stem cells. J Control Release 2020; 320:96-104. [PMID: 31931052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies fail to eradicate colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). One of the proposed reasons for this failure is the selection, by chemotherapy exposure, of resistant cells responsible for tumor recurrence. In this regard, CXCR4 overexpression in tumor associates with resistance and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. In this study, the effectiveness of engineered CXCR4-targeted self-assembling toxin nanoparticles has been explored in the selective killing of CXCR4+ human colon-CSCs compared to 5-Fluorouracil and Oxaliplatin, both classical CRC chemotherapeutic agents. To assess this, 3D spheroid colon-CSCs cultures directly derived from CRC patients and CRC-CSC spheroid-derived tumor mouse models were developed. In these animal models, nanostructured toxins show highly selective induction of pyroptosis in the absence of apoptosis, thus having a great potential to overcome tumor resistance, since the same tumor models show resistance to chemotherapeutics. Results set the basis for further development of more efficient therapies focused on selective CXCR4+ CSCs elimination activating non-apoptotic mechanisms and represent a pre-clinical proof of concept for the use of CSCs-targeted nanostructured toxins as protein drugs for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Álamo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Prashanthi Ramesh
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daria Vinokurova
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau) and Josep Carreras Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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35
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Jackstadt R, van Hooff SR, Leach JD, Cortes-Lavaud X, Lohuis JO, Ridgway RA, Wouters VM, Roper J, Kendall TJ, Roxburgh CS, Horgan PG, Nixon C, Nourse C, Gunzer M, Clark W, Hedley A, Yilmaz OH, Rashid M, Bailey P, Biankin AV, Campbell AD, Adams DJ, Barry ST, Steele CW, Medema JP, Sansom OJ. Epithelial NOTCH Signaling Rewires the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer to Drive Poor-Prognosis Subtypes and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:319-336.e7. [PMID: 31526760 PMCID: PMC6853173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic process of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood and effective therapies are lacking. We show that activation of NOTCH1 signaling in the murine intestinal epithelium leads to highly penetrant metastasis (100% metastasis; with >80% liver metastases) in KrasG12D-driven serrated cancer. Transcriptional profiling reveals that epithelial NOTCH1 signaling creates a tumor microenvironment (TME) reminiscent of poorly prognostic human CRC subtypes (CMS4 and CRIS-B), and drives metastasis through transforming growth factor (TGF) β-dependent neutrophil recruitment. Importantly, inhibition of this recruitment with clinically relevant therapeutic agents blocks metastasis. We propose that NOTCH1 signaling is key to CRC progression and should be exploited clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua D Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Valérie M Wouters
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Division of Pathology/Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Campbell S Roxburgh
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul G Horgan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Nourse
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin W Steele
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
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36
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Steins A, Ebbing EA, Creemers A, van der Zalm AP, Jibodh RA, Waasdorp C, Meijer SL, van Delden OM, Krishnadath KK, Hulshof MCCM, Bennink RJ, Punt CJA, Medema JP, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Chemoradiation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2792-2803. [PMID: 31018252 PMCID: PMC6767775 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multimodality treatment has advanced the outcome of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but overall survival remains poor. Therapeutic pressure activates effective resistance mechanisms and we characterized these mechanisms in response to the currently used neoadjuvant treatment against EAC: carboplatin, paclitaxel and radiotherapy. We developed an in vitro approximation of this regimen and applied it to primary patient‐derived cultures. We observed a heterogeneous epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal (EMT) response to the high therapeutic pressure exerted by chemoradiation. We found EMT to be initiated by the autocrine production and response to transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) of EAC cells. Inhibition of TGF‐β ligands effectively abolished chemoradiation‐induced EMT. Assessment of TGF‐β serum levels in EAC patients revealed that high levels after neoadjuvant treatment predicted the presence of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes on the post‐chemoradiation positron emission tomography‐scan. Our study shows that chemoradiation contributes to resistant metastatic disease in EAC patients by inducing EMT via autocrine TGF‐β production. Monitoring TGF‐β serum levels during treatment could identify those patients at risk of developing metastatic disease, and who would likely benefit from TGF‐β targeting therapy. What's new? Therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence are major setbacks affecting the survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Resistance mechanisms in EAC, however, await elucidation. Here, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of invasive tumor phenotype, was investigated as a possible mechanism driving chemoradiation resistance in EAC. In EAC cells, chemoradiation was found to induce EMT, a process mediated via autocrine TGF‐β production. Inhibition of TGF‐β counteracted this process. In patients, elevated circulating TGF‐β levels post‐chemoradiation were associated with progressive disease. Together, these data suggest that TGF‐β is a useful marker for identifying patients who might benefit from TGF‐β inhibition during chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Ebbing
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke Creemers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber P van der Zalm
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajni A Jibodh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto M van Delden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C C M Hulshof
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof J Bennink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Heijden M, Miedema DM, Waclaw B, Veenstra VL, Lecca MC, Nijman LE, van Dijk E, van Neerven SM, Lodestijn SC, Lenos KJ, de Groot NE, Prasetyanti PR, Arricibita Varea A, Winton DJ, Medema JP, Morrissey E, Ylstra B, Nowak MA, Bijlsma MF, Vermeulen L. Spatiotemporal regulation of clonogenicity in colorectal cancer xenografts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6140-6145. [PMID: 30850544 PMCID: PMC6442578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813417116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer evolution is predominantly studied by focusing on differences in the genetic characteristics of malignant cells within tumors. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of clonal outgrowth that underlie evolutionary trajectories remain largely unresolved. Here, we sought to unravel the clonal dynamics of colorectal cancer (CRC) expansion in space and time by using a color-based clonal tracing method. This method involves lentiviral red-green-blue (RGB) marking of cell populations, which enabled us to track individual cells and their clonal outgrowth during tumor initiation and growth in a xenograft model. We found that clonal expansion largely depends on the location of a clone, as small clones reside in the center and large clones mostly drive tumor growth at the border. These dynamics are recapitulated in a computational model, which confirms that the clone position within a tumor rather than cell-intrinsic features, is crucial for clonal outgrowth. We also found that no significant clonal loss occurs during tumor growth and clonal dispersal is limited in most models. Our results imply that, in addition to molecular features of clones such as (epi-)genetic differences between cells, clone location and the geometry of tumor growth are crucial for clonal expansion. Our findings suggest that either microenvironmental signals on the tumor border or differences in physical properties within the tumor, are major contributors to explain heterogeneous clonal expansion. Thus, this study provides further insights into the dynamics of solid tumor growth and progression, as well as the origins of tumor cell heterogeneity in a relevant model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje van der Heijden
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël M Miedema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bartlomiej Waclaw
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique L Veenstra
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lecca
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne E Nijman
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C Lodestijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan J Lenos
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina E de Groot
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pramudita R Prasetyanti
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Arricibita Varea
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Morrissey
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A Nowak
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Yui et al. (2018) show how tissue regeneration is driven by changes in the microenvironment. During intestinal regeneration, the epithelium is reprogrammed into a fetal state by an altered extracellular matrix (ECM), which is dependent on YAP/TAZ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Prasetyanti PR, van Hooff SR, van Herwaarden T, de Vries N, Kalloe K, Rodermond H, van Leersum R, de Jong JH, Franitza M, Nürnberg P, Todaro M, Stassi G, Medema JP. Capturing colorectal cancer inter-tumor heterogeneity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:366-371. [PMID: 30151914 PMCID: PMC6587871 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models have become an important asset in translational cancer research. However, to provide a robust preclinical platform, PDXs need to accommodate the tumor heterogeneity that is observed in patients. Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be stratified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) with distinct biological and clinical features. Surprisingly, using a set of CRC patients, we revealed the partial representation of tumor heterogeneity in PDX models. The epithelial subtypes, the largest subgroups of CRC subtype, were very ineffective in establishing PDXs, indicating the need for further optimization to develop an effective personalized therapeutic approach to CRC. Moreover, we showed that tumor cell proliferation was associated with successful PDX establishment and able to distinguish patient with poor clinical outcomes within CMS2 group. What's new? Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models have become an important asset in translational cancer research. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) can be stratified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) with distinct biological and clinical features, and to what extent the existing CRC PDX collection represents the inter‐patient heterogeneity remains an open question. This study identifies a subtype‐specific bias in the establishment of PDXs from CRC patients, leaving the major subtype CMS2 strongly underrepresented. Additionally, the findings suggest that further classification within CMS can be achieved. For CMS2, the proliferation‐related marker Ki67 may thus help refine patient classification, estimate prognosis, and guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramudita R Prasetyanti
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa van Herwaarden
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie de Vries
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kieshen Kalloe
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Leersum
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joan H de Jong
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Franitza
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Giorgio Stassi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Lenos KJ, Miedema DM, Lodestijn SC, Nijman LE, van den Bosch T, Romero Ros X, Lourenço FC, Lecca MC, van der Heijden M, van Neerven SM, van Oort A, Leveille N, Adam RS, de Sousa E Melo F, Otten J, Veerman P, Hypolite G, Koens L, Lyons SK, Stassi G, Winton DJ, Medema JP, Morrissey E, Bijlsma MF, Vermeulen L. Stem cell functionality is microenvironmentally defined during tumour expansion and therapy response in colon cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1193-1202. [PMID: 30177776 PMCID: PMC6163039 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid malignancies have been speculated to depend on cancer stem cells (CSCs) for expansion and relapse after therapy. Here we report on quantitative analyses of lineage tracing data from primary colon cancer xenograft tissue to assess CSC functionality in a human solid malignancy. The temporally obtained clone size distribution data support a model in which stem cell function in established cancers is not intrinsically, but is entirely spatiotemporally orchestrated. Functional stem cells that drive tumour expansion predominantly reside at the tumour edge, close to cancer-associated fibroblasts. Hence, stem cell properties change in time depending on the cell location. Furthermore, although chemotherapy enriches for cells with a CSC phenotype, in this context functional stem cell properties are also fully defined by the microenvironment. To conclude, we identified osteopontin as a key cancer-associated fibroblast-produced factor that drives in situ clonogenicity in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan J Lenos
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël M Miedema
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C Lodestijn
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne E Nijman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van den Bosch
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Romero Ros
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filipe C Lourenço
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria C Lecca
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje van der Heijden
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M van Neerven
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita van Oort
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Leveille
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronja S Adam
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joy Otten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Veerman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Hypolite
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Koens
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Preclinical Imaging, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Douglas J Winton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Morrissey
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Mari L, Hoefnagel SJM, Zito D, van de Meent M, van Endert P, Calpe S, Sancho Serra MDC, Heemskerk MHM, van Laarhoven HWM, Hulshof MCCM, Gisbertz SS, Medema JP, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Meijer SL, Bergman JJGHM, Milano F, Krishnadath KK. microRNA 125a Regulates MHC-I Expression on Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells, Associated With Suppression of Antitumor Immune Response and Poor Outcomes of Patients. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:784-798. [PMID: 29885883 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immune checkpoint inhibition may affect growth or progression of highly aggressive cancers, such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We investigated the regulation of expression of major histocompatibility complex, class 1 (MHC-I) proteins (encoded by HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C) and the immune response to EACs in patient samples. METHODS We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction array analyses of OE33 cells and OE19 cells, which express different levels of the ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (TAP1) and TAP2, required for antigen presentation by MHC-I, to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate their expression. We performed luciferase assays to validate interactions between miRNAs and potential targets. We overexpressed candidate miRNAs in OE33, FLO-1, and OACP4 C cell lines and performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and flow cytometry analyses to identify changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression; we studied the effects of cytotoxic T cells. We performed miRNA in situ hybridization, RNA-sequencing, and immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissues from 51 untreated patients with EAC in the Netherlands. Clinical and survival data were collected for patients, and EAC subtypes were determined. RESULTS We found OE19 cells to have increased levels of 7 miRNAs. Of these, we found binding sites for miRNA 125a (MIR125a)-5p in the 3' untranslated region of the TAP2 mRNA and binding sites for MIR148a-3p in 3' untranslated regions of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C mRNAs. Overexpression of these miRNAs reduced expression of TAP2 in OE33, FLO-1, and OACP4 C cells, and reduced cell-surface levels of MHC-I. OE33 cells that expressed the viral peptide BZLF1 were killed by cytotoxic T cells, whereas OE33 that overexpressed MIR125a-5p or MIR 148a along with BZLF1 were not. In EAC and nontumor tissues, levels of MIR125a-5p correlated inversely with levels of TAP2 protein. High expression of TAP1 by EAC correlated with significantly shorter overall survival times of patients. EACs that expressed high levels of TAP1 and genes involved in antigen presentation also expressed high levels of genes that regulate the adaptive immune response, PD-L1, PD-L2, and IDO1; these EACs had a poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and associated with shorter overall survival times of patients. CONCLUSIONS In studies of EAC cell lines and tumor tissues, we found increased levels of MIR125a-5p and MIR148a-3p to reduce levels of TAP2 and MHC-I, required for antigen presentation. High expression of MHC-I molecules by EAC correlated with markers of an adaptive immune response and significantly shorter overall survival times of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mari
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne J M Hoefnagel
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Domenico Zito
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marian van de Meent
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Calpe
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Del Carmen Sancho Serra
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology & Radiobiology (LEXOR), AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten C C M Hulshof
- Department of Radiation Oncology, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne S Gisbertz
- Department of Surgery, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center for Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Milano
- Section of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:486-541. [PMID: 29362479 PMCID: PMC5864239 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3535] [Impact Index Per Article: 589.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Antonov
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Investigation (CIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- INSERM U1180, Châtenay Malabry, France
- University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, CeSI-MetUniversity of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin S Duckett
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231 "Lipides Nutrition Cancer", Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy France Comté, Dijon, France
- Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Pierre Golstein
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Team labeled "Ligue Contre le Cancer", Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- CNRS UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- INSERM U964, Illkirch, France
- University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gyorgy Hajnoczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe P Juin
- Team 8 "Stress adaptation and tumor escape", CRCINA-INSERM U1232, Nantes, France
- University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, Angers, France
- Institute of Cancer Research in Western France, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
- Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom Luedde
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Department Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Malewicz
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Walter Malorni
- National Centre for Gender Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cellular Networks and Molecular Therapeutic Targets, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Departments of Genetics, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development laboratory, CRCL, Lyon, France
- Team labeled "La Ligue contre le Cancer", Lyon, France
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gabriel Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Overholtzer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emre Sayan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medicinal Biomaterials, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - John Silke
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome, Italy
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for DAMP Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Protein Modification and Degradation of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, "Jozef Stefan" Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Sud/Paris XI University, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Paris Descartes/Paris V University, Paris, France.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Team 11 labeled "Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer", Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.
- INSERM U1138, Paris, France.
- Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI University, Paris, France.
- Biology Pole, European Hospital George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Steins A, Ebbing EA, Pistorius MCM, Waasdorp C, Krishnadath KK, Medema JP, Wilmink JW, Mathôt RAA, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Systemic effects of angiogenesis inhibition alter pharmacokinetics and intratumoral delivery of nab-paclitaxel. Drug Deliv 2018; 24:1801-1810. [PMID: 29172757 PMCID: PMC8241153 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1406559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical to the growth of tumors. Vascularization-targeting agents, with or without cytotoxic drugs, are widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors including esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. However, little is known about the systemic effects of anti-angiogenic therapies and how this affects the pharmacokinetics and intratumoral delivery of cytotoxic agents. In this study, patient-derived xenograft mouse models of esophageal adenocarcinoma were used to identify the effects of DC101, a murine vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and the intratumoral uptake of nab-paclitaxel (NPTX). We showed that DC101 had large systemic effects resulting in decreased vasculature of intraperitoneally located organs. As a consequence, after intraperitoneal administration of NPTX, plasma uptake (5.029 ± 4.35 vs. 25.85 ± 2.27 µM) and intratumoral delivery (5.48 ± 5.32 vs. 38.49 ± 2.805 pmol/mg) of NPTX were greatly impaired in DC101-treated animals compared to control animals. Additionally, routes of NPTX elimination were altered upon angiogenesis inhibition; unchanged renal clearance and intraperitoneal accumulation of NPTX were observed, but NPTX levels were significantly lower in the liver. Histological examination of the intestine revealed a reduced thickness of the intestinal wall following DC101 therapy and suggested seepage of intraperitoneally injected NTPX through the intestinal wall to explain its reduced uptake in liver, plasma, and tumor tissue. These data explain several adverse effects observed in the clinic when using anti-angiogenic therapies and also imply that the combined use of anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxic agents in both preclinical and clinical setting is still suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steins
- a Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Ebbing
- a Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C M Pistorius
- c Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Waasdorp
- a Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- a Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- a Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Cancer Genomics Center , Center for Molecular Medicine , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- b Department of Medical Oncology , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ron A A Mathôt
- c Department of Hospital Pharmacy , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- a Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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44
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Linnekamp JF, Hooff SRV, Prasetyanti PR, Kandimalla R, Buikhuisen JY, Fessler E, Ramesh P, Lee KAST, Bochove GGW, de Jong JH, Cameron K, Leersum RV, Rodermond HM, Franitza M, Nürnberg P, Mangiapane LR, Wang X, Clevers H, Vermeulen L, Stassi G, Medema JP. Consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer are recapitulated in in vitro and in vivo models. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:616-633. [PMID: 29305587 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease both from a molecular and clinical perspective. Several distinct molecular entities, such as microsatellite instability (MSI), have been defined that make up biologically distinct subgroups with their own clinical course. Recent data indicated that CRC can be best segregated into four groups called consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), each of which has a unique biology and gene expression pattern. In order to develop improved, subtype-specific therapies and to gain insight into the molecular wiring and origin of these subtypes, reliable models are needed. This study was designed to determine the heterogeneity and identify the presence of CMSs in a large panel of CRC cell lines, primary cultures and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). We provide a repository encompassing this heterogeneity and moreover describe that a large part of the models can be robustly assigned to one of the four CMSs, independent of the stromal contribution. We subsequently validate our CMS stratification by functional analysis which for instance shows mesenchymal enrichment in CMS4 and metabolic dysregulation in CMS3. Finally, we observe a clear difference in sensitivity to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, specifically between CMS2 and CMS4. This relates to the in vivo efficacy of chemotherapy, which delays outgrowth of CMS2, but not CMS4 xenografts. Combined our data indicate that molecular subtypes are faithfully modelled in CRC cell cultures and PDXs, representing tumour cell intrinsic and stable features. This repository provides researchers with a platform to study CRC using the existing heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke F Linnekamp
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pramudita R Prasetyanti
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raju Kandimalla
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Y Buikhuisen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Prashanthi Ramesh
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly A S T Lee
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Grehor G W Bochove
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan H de Jong
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Cameron
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Leersum
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M Rodermond
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Franitza
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura R Mangiapane
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 131, Palermo, 90134, Italy
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hans Clevers
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC), 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 131, Palermo, 90134, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), CEMM, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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45
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Abstract
Intestinal stem cell research has greatly aided our understanding of the biology of intestinal self-renewal but has also shed light on the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in carcinogenesis, cancer growth, and dissemination. With new possibilities for CSC targeting, there is a need to have established techniques for quantifying (cancer) stem cell clonogenicity, particularly in organoid cultures. Here, we describe a detailed methodology for the isolation and expansion of mouse intestinal crypts from three different locations-the colon, proximal, and distal small intestine. In addition, we describe techniques that allow the measurement of stem cell clonogenicity and its manipulation using two approaches-organoid counting and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar Buryanov Kirov
- LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Johannes Huels
- LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- LEXOR, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paul Medema
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
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47
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Dulos J, Driessen L, Snippert M, Guadagnoli M, Bertens A, Hulsik DL, Tzu TY, Anderson K, Medema JP, Cameron K, Eenennaam H, Elsas A. Abstract 2645: Development of a first in class APRIL fully blocking antibody BION-1301 for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
APRIL, or tumor necrosis factor super family member 13 (TNFSF13), is a ligand for the receptors B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand (CAML) interactor (TACI). APRIL serum levels are enhanced in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and colorectal carcinoma and are correlated with poor prognosis.
As a paracrine factor produced by osteoclasts, macrophages and other cells in the bone marrow niche, APRIL binds to BCMA to drive proliferation and survival of human Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells and induces resistance to several standard of care agents. Using a mouse anti-human APRIL blocking antibody 01A1 originally discovered using Aduro’s B-Select platform, we demonstrated that osteoclast-induced MM cell in vitro proliferation and survival is dependent on APRIL. In these co-cultures, cytolytic activity of lenalidomide and bortezomib is significantly enhanced by 01A in a dose-dependent fashion2. Importantly, APRIL drives and 01A inhibits expression of an immunosuppressive gene set including the immune checkpoint programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), interleukin-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta.
The human APRIL antagonist antibody 01A was humanized and designated BION-1301. The antibody binds an epitope overlapping the BCMA and TACI binding sites potently and fully blocks BCMA and TACI binding (IC50 <1 nM). Biophysical and functional experiments indicated that BION-1301 recapitulated all characteristics of 01A. In vivo, BION-1301 was shown to suppress T cell-independent B cell responses to NP-Ficoll. Furthermore, APRIL blockade demonstrated single agent anti-multiple myeloma activity in a humanized SCID model2 confirming its activity in vivo, and potentially indicating that BION-1301 is active targeting multiple myeloma cells in a tumor-protective bone marrow microenvironment.
To our knowledge, BION-1301 is a first-in-class humanized APRIL antagonist demonstrated in to inhibit multiple myeloma survival, drug resistance and an immune suppressive phenotype preclinical. These data suggest a rationale to develop BION-1301 as a single agent, and in combination with lenalidomide, bortezomib, or possibly checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1. BION-1301 is expected to enter Phase 1 in 2017.
1) Guadagnoli at al. Blood. 2011 Jun 23;117(25):6856-65
2) Yu-Tzu et al. Blood. 2016 Jun 23;127(25):3225-36
Citation Format: John Dulos, Lilian Driessen, Marc Snippert, Marco Guadagnoli, Astrid Bertens, David Lutje Hulsik, Tai Yu Tzu, Kenneth Anderson, Jan Paul Medema, Kate Cameron, Hans Eenennaam, Andrea Elsas. Development of a first in class APRIL fully blocking antibody BION-1301 for the treatment of multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2645. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2645
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tai Yu Tzu
- 2Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth Anderson
- 3LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Oss, MA
| | | | - Kate Cameron
- 4University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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48
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Ebbing EA, Steins A, Fessler E, Stathi P, Lesterhuis WJ, Krishnadath KK, Vermeulen L, Medema JP, Bijlsma MF, van Laarhoven HWM. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells and Xenograft Tumors Exposed to Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 and 3 Inhibitors Activate Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling, Which Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:63-76.e14. [PMID: 28286209 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Drugs that inhibit the erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2 or HER2) are the standard treatment of patients with different types of cancer, including HER2-overexpressing gastroesophageal tumors. Unfortunately, cancer cells become resistant to these drugs, so overall these drugs provide little benefit to patients with these tumors. We investigated mechanisms that mediate resistance of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cells and patient-derived xenograft tumors to ERBB inhibitors. METHODS We cultured primary tumor cells, isolated from EAC patient samples, and OE19 and OE33 EAC cell lines with trastuzumab (an inhibitor of HER2), with or without pertuzumab (which inhibits dimerization of HER2 with HER3) or a specific antibody against HER3 (anti-HER3). HER2 was knocked down by expression of small hairpin RNAs. In addition, cells were incubated with NRG1-β, a mediator of HER2-HER3 signaling, or A83-01, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. Cells were analyzed for markers of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We performed limiting dilution, transwell, and cell viability assays to study the functional effects of HER2 and HER3 inhibition and reactivation. We analyzed publicly available EAC gene expression datasets to correlate expression of ERBB genes with genes encoding epithelial and mesenchymal proteins. NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were given subcutaneous injections of AMC-EAC-007B cells and also given injections of single or combined inhibitors; growth of these patient-derived xenograft tumors was quantified. RESULTS EAC cells incubated with trastuzumab decreased expression of epithelial markers (CD24, CD29, and CDH1) and increased expression of mesenchymal markers (CXCR4, VIM, ZEB1, SNAI2, and CDH2), compared with cells not exposed to trastuzumab, indicating induction of EMT. Addition of NRG1-β to these cells restored their epithelial phenotype. Incubation of EAC cells with trastuzumab and pertuzumab accelerated the expression of EMT markers, compared with cells incubated with trastuzumab alone. EAC cells cultured for 2 months with a combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab became resistant to chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluoruracil, carboplatin, cisplatin, eribulin, and paclitaxel), based on their continued viability, which was accompanied with an enhanced migratory capacity in transwell assays and clonogenicity in limiting dilution analyses. In comparisons of EAC gene expression patterns, we associated high expression of ERBB3 with an epithelial gene expression signature; expression of TGFβ correlated with expression of EMT-related genes, and we found an inverse correlation between expression of TGFB1 and ERBB3. EAC cells incubated with ERBB inhibitors began to secrete ligands for the TGFβ receptor and underwent EMT. Incubation of EAC cells with trastuzumab, followed by 10 days of incubation with the TGFβ receptor inhibitor in the presence of trastuzumab, caused cells to regain an epithelial phenotype. EAC patient-derived xenograft tumors grew more slowly in mice given the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and the TGFβ inhibitor than in mice given single agents or a combination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Tumors exposed to trastuzumab and pertuzumab expressed EMT markers and were poorly differentiated, whereas tumors exposed to the combination of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and the TGFβ inhibitor expressed epithelial markers and were more differentiated. CONCLUSIONS EAC cells become resistant to trastuzumab and pertuzumab by activating TGFβ signaling, which induces EMT. Agents that block TGFβ signaling can increase the anti-tumor efficacies of trastuzumab and pertuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A Ebbing
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne Steins
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Fessler
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phylicia Stathi
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Center, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that cancers are heterogeneous and contain a hierarchical organization consisting of cancer stem cells and their differentiated cell progeny. These cancer stem cells are at the core of the tumor as they represent the clonogenic cells within a tumor. Moreover, these cells are considered to contain selective therapy resistance, which suggests a pivotal role in therapy resistance and tumor relapse. Here we show that differentiated cells can re-acquire stemness through factors secreted from fibroblasts. This induced CSC state also coincides with re-acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy. Resistance induced in newly formed CSCs is mediated by the anti-apoptotic molecule BCLXL and inhibition of BCLXL with the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 sensitizes these cancer cells toward chemotherapy. These data point to an important interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment in the regulation of stemness and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Colak
- a LEXOR (Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- a LEXOR (Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Cancer Genomics Center , The Netherlands
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50
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Kandimalla R, Linnekamp JF, van Hooff S, Castells A, Llor X, Andreu M, Jover R, Goel A, Medema JP. Methylation of WNT target genes AXIN2 and DKK1 as robust biomarkers for recurrence prediction in stage II colon cancer. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e308. [PMID: 28368388 PMCID: PMC5520503 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stage II colon cancer (CC) still remains a clinical challenge with patient stratification for adjuvant therapy (AT) largely relying on clinical parameters. Prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for better stratification. Previously, we have shown that WNT target genes AXIN2, DKK1, APCDD1, ASCL2 and LGR5 are silenced by DNA methylation and could serve as prognostic markers in stage II CC patients using methylation-specific PCR. Here, we have extended our discovery cohort AMC90-AJCC-II (N=65) and methylation was analyzed by quantitative pyrosequencing. Subsequently, we validated the results in an independent EPICOLON1 CC cohort (N=79). Methylation of WNT target genes is negatively correlated to mRNA expression. A combination of AXIN2 and DKK1 methylation significantly predicted recurrences in univariate (area under the curve (AUC)=0.83, confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.94, P<0.0001) analysis in stage II microsatellite stable (MSS) CC patients. This two marker combination showed an AUC of 0.80 (CI: 0.68–0.91, P<0.0001) in the EPICOLON1 validation cohort. Multivariate analysis in the Academic Medical Center (AMC) cohort revealed that both WNT target gene methylation and consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4) are significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio (HR)methylation: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.14–12.43; HRCMS4: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.22–11.48). CMS4 subtype tumors with WNT target methylation showed worse prognosis. Combining WNT target gene methylation and CMS4 subtype lead to an AUC of 0.89 (0.791–0.982, P<0.0001) for recurrence prediction. Notably, we observed that methylation of DKK1 is high in BRAF mutant and CIMP (CpG island methylator phenotype)-positive cancers, whereas AXIN2 methylation appears to be associated with CMS4. Methylation of AXIN2 and DKK1 were found to be robust markers for recurrence prediction in stage II MSS CC patients. Further validation of these findings in a randomized and prospective manner could pave a way to identify poor prognosis patients of stage II CC for AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kandimalla
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J F Linnekamp
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Castells
- Institut de Malaties Digestives i Metabòliques, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Llor
- University of Yale, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Andreu
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Jover
- Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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