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Rizwan MZ, Kamstra K, Pretz D, Shepherd PR, Tups A, Grattan DR. Conditional Deletion of β-Catenin in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus Impairs Adaptive Energy Expenditure in Response to High-Fat Diet and Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1666232024. [PMID: 38395612 PMCID: PMC10993030 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1666-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a bifunctional molecule that is an effector of the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling to control gene expression and contributes to the regulation of cytoskeleton and neurotransmitter vesicle trafficking. In its former role, β-catenin binds transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), which shows strong genetic associations with the pathogenesis of obesity and type-2 diabetes. Here, we sought to determine whether β-catenin plays a role in the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis. Bilateral injections of adeno-associated virus type-2 (AAV2)-mCherry-Cre were placed into the arcuate nucleus of adult male and female β-catenin flox mice, to specifically delete β-catenin expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH-β-cat KO). Metabolic parameters were then monitored under conditions of low-fat (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD). On LFD, MBH-β-cat KO mice showed minimal metabolic disturbances, but on HFD, despite having only a small difference in weekly caloric intake, the MBH-β-cat KO mice were significantly heavier than the control mice in both sexes (p < 0.05). This deficit seemed to be due to a failure to show an adaptive increase in energy expenditure seen in controls, which served to offset the increased calories by HFD. Both male and female MBH-β-cat KO mice were highly glucose intolerant when on HFD and displayed a significant reduction in both leptin and insulin sensitivity compared with controls. This study highlights a critical role for β-catenin in the hypothalamic circuits regulating body weight and glucose homeostasis and reveals potential mechanisms by which genetic variation in this pathway could impact on development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dominik Pretz
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Rizwan MZ, Kerbus R, Kamstra K, Keerthisinghe P, Tups A. Dietary wheat gluten induces astro- and microgliosis in the hypothalamus of male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13326. [PMID: 37534400 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Gluten, which is found in cereals such as wheat, rye and barley, makes up a major dietary component in most western nations, and has been shown to promote body mass gain and peripheral inflammation in mice. In the current study, we investigated the impact of gluten on central inflammation that is typically associated with diet-induced obesity. While we found no effect of gluten when added to a low-fat diet (LFD), male mice fed high fat diet (HFD) enriched with gluten increased body mass and adiposity compared with mice fed HFD without gluten. We furthermore found that gluten, when added to the LFD, increases circulating C-reactive protein levels. Gluten regardless of whether it was added to LFD or HFD led to a profound increase in the number of microglia and astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, as detected by immunohistochemistry for ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively. In mice fed LFD, gluten mimicked the immunogenic effects of HFD exposure and when added to HFD led to a further increase in the number of immunoreactive cells. Taken together, our results confirm a moderate obesogenic effect of gluten when fed to mice exposed to HFD and for the first-time report gluten-induced astro- and microgliosis suggesting the development of hypothalamic injury in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Rizwan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Romy Kerbus
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kaj Kamstra
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pramuk Keerthisinghe
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexander Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abshirini M, Coad J, Wolber FM, von Hurst P, Miller MR, Tian HS, Kruger MC. Effect of green-lipped mussel ( Perna canaliculus) supplementation on faecal microbiota, body composition and iron status markers in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e58. [PMID: 37252684 PMCID: PMC10214140 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of whole meat GSM powder on gut microbiota abundance, body composition and iron status markers in healthy overweight or obese postmenopausal women. This was a 3-months trial involving forty-nine healthy postmenopausal women with body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to receive 3 g/d of either GSM powder (n 25) or placebo (n 24). The gut microbe abundance, serum iron status markers and body composition were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. The between-group comparison at the baseline showed a lower abundance of Bacteroides and Clostridium XIVa in the GSM group compared with the placebo (P = 0⋅04). At the baseline, the body fat (BF)% and gynoid fat% were higher in the GSM group compared with the placebo (P < 0⋅05). No significant changes were found in any of the outcome measures, except for ferritin levels that showed a significant reduction over time (time effect P = 0⋅01). Some trend was observed in bacteria including Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium which tended to increase in the GSM group while their abundance decreased or remained at their baseline level in the control group. Supplementation with GSM powder did not result in any significant changes in gut microbe abundance, body composition and iron markers compared with placebo. However, some commensal bacteria such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria tended to increase following supplementation with GSM powder. Overall, these findings can expand the knowledge surrounding the effects of whole GSM powder on these outcome measures in healthy postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abshirini
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Wolber
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pamela von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Hong Sabrina Tian
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Sanford Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Unger AL, Jetton TL, Kraft J. Dietary fat quality impacts metabolic impairments of type 2 diabetes risk differently in male and female CD-1(®) mice. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1013-28. [PMID: 34605388 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521004001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic impairments associated with type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and loss of glycaemic control, disproportionately impact the elderly. Lifestyle interventions, such as manipulation of dietary fat quality (i.e. fatty acid (FA) composition), have been shown to favourably modulate metabolic health. Yet, whether or not chronic consumption of beneficial FAs can protect against metabolic derangements and disease risk during ageing is not well defined. We sought to evaluate whether long-term dietary supplementation of fish-, dairy- or echium-derived FAs to the average FA profile in a U.S. American diet may offset metabolic impairments in males and females during ageing. One-month-old CD-1® mice were fed isoenergetic, high-fat (40 %) diets with the fat content composed of either 100 % control fat blend (CO) or 70 % CO with 30 % fish oil, dairy fat or echium oil for 13 months. Every 3 months, parameters of glucose homoeostasis were evaluated via glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Glucose tolerance improved in males consuming a diet supplemented with fish oil or echium oil as ageing progressed, but not in females. Yet, females were more metabolically protected than males regardless of age. Additionally, Spearman correlations were performed between indices of glucose homoeostasis and previously reported measurements of diet-derived FA content in tissues and colonic bacterial composition, which also revealed sex-specific associations. This study provides evidence that long-term dietary fat quality influences risk factors of metabolic diseases during ageing in a sex-dependent manner; thus, sex is a critical factor to be considered in future dietary strategies to mitigate type 2 diabetes risk.
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