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You L, Połońska A, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Richard F, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Banaś A, Hu H, Pan Y, Hao X, Jin H, Allen AE, Amato A, Gong Y. Two plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases differentially mediate the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and triacylglycerols in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. New Phytol 2024; 241:1543-1558. [PMID: 38031462 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) catalyze the formation of phosphatidic acid (PA), a central metabolite in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms for glycerolipid biosynthesis. Phaeodactylum tricornutum contains at least two plastid-localized LPAATs (ptATS2a and ptATS2b), but their roles in lipid synthesis remain unknown. Both ptATS2a and ptATS2b could complement the high temperature sensitivity of the bacterial plsC mutant deficient in LPAAT. In vitro enzyme assays showed that they prefer lysophosphatidic acid over other lysophospholipids. ptATS2a is localized in the plastid inner envelope membrane and CRISPR/Cas9-generated ptATS2a mutants showed compromised cell growth, significantly changed plastid and extra-plastidial membrane lipids at nitrogen-replete condition and reduced triacylglycerols (TAGs) under nitrogen-depleted condition. ptATS2b is localized in thylakoid membranes and its knockout led to reduced growth rate and TAG content but slightly altered molecular composition of membrane lipids. The changes in glycerolipid profiles are consistent with the role of both LPAATs in the sn-2 acylation of sn-1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate substrates harboring 20:5 at the sn-1 position. Our findings suggest that both LPAATs are important for membrane lipids and TAG biosynthesis in P. tricornutum and further highlight that 20:5-Lyso-PA is likely involved in the massive import of 20:5 back to the plastid to feed plastid glycerolipid syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie You
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ada Połońska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, Gdansk, 80-307, Poland
| | | | - Fabien Richard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité mixte de recherche 5168, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité mixte de recherche 5168, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité mixte de recherche 5168, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, Gdansk, 80-307, Poland
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiahui Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Andrew E Allen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité mixte de recherche 5168, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, F-38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Klińska S, Kędzierska S, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Banaś A. In Vitro Growth Conditions Boost Plant Lipid Remodelling and Influence Their Composition. Cells 2021; 10:2326. [PMID: 34571973 PMCID: PMC8472737 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-lipids are vital components for all life functions of plants. They are widely studied using often in vitro conditions to determine inter alia the impact of genetic modifications and the description of biochemical and physiological functions of enzymes responsible for acyl-lipid metabolism. What is currently lacking is knowledge of if these results also hold in real environments-in in vivo conditions. Our study focused on the comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo growth conditions and their impact on the acyl-lipid metabolism of Camelina sativa leaves. The results indicate that in vitro conditions significantly decreased the lipid contents and influenced their composition. In in vitro conditions, galactolipid and trienoic acid (16:3 and 18:3) contents significantly declined, indicating the impairment of the prokaryotic pathway. Discrepancies also exist in the case of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs). Their activity increased about 2-7 times in in vitro conditions compared to in vivo. In vitro conditions also substantially changed LPLATs' preferences towards acyl-CoA. Additionally, the acyl editing process was three times more efficient in in vitro leaves. The provided evidence suggests that the results of acyl-lipid research from in vitro conditions may not completely reflect and be directly applicable in real growth environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (S.K.); (K.J.-G.); (A.B.)
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3
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Połońska A, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, You L, Hao X, Klińska S, Gong Y, Banaś A. Diatoms and Plants Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferases (LPCATs) Exhibit Diverse Substrate Specificity and Biochemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169056. [PMID: 34445762 PMCID: PMC8396554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The search of the Phaeodactylum tricornutum genome database revealed the existence of six genes potentially encoding lysophospholipid acyltransferases. One of these genes, Phatr3_J20460, after introduction to yeast ale1 mutant disrupted in the LPCAT gene, produced a very active acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCAT) enzyme. Using in vitro assays applying different radioactive and non-radioactive substrates and microsomal fractions from such yeast, we have characterized the biochemical properties and substrate specificities of this PtLPCAT1. We have found that the substrate specificity of this enzyme indicates that it can completely supply phosphatidylcholine (PC) with all fatty acids connected with a biosynthetic pathway of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) used further for the desaturation process. Additionally, we have shown that biochemical properties of the PtLPCAT1 in comparison to plant LPCATs are in some cases similar (such as the dependency of its activity on pH value), differ moderately (such as in response to temperature changes), or express completely different properties (such as in reaction to calcium and magnesium ions or toward some acyl-CoA with 20C polyunsaturated fatty acids). Moreover, the obtained results suggest that cloned “Phatr3_J20460” gene can be useful in oilseeds plant engineering toward efficient production of VLC-PUFA as LPCAT it encodes can (contrary to plant LPCATs) introduce 20:4-CoA (n-3) to PC for further desaturation to 20:5 (EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Połońska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.-G.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.-G.); (S.K.)
| | - Lingjie You
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (L.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xiahui Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (L.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Sylwia Klińska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.-G.); (S.K.)
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (L.Y.); (X.H.); (Y.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.J.-G.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.B.)
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Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Demski K, Gidda SK, Klińska S, Niedojadło J, Lager I, Carlsson AS, Minina EA, Mullen RT, Bozhkov PV, Stymne S, Banaś A. Subcellular Localization of Acyl-CoA: Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Acyltransferases (LPEATs) and the Effects of Knocking-Out and Overexpression of Their Genes on Autophagy Markers Level and Life Span of A. thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063006. [PMID: 33809440 PMCID: PMC8000221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana possesses two acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferases, LPEAT1 and LPEAT2, which are encoded by At1g80950 and At2g45670 genes, respectively. Both single lpeat2 mutant and double lpeat1 lpeat2 mutant plants exhibit a variety of conspicuous phenotypes, including dwarfed growth. Confocal microscopic analysis of tobacco suspension-cultured cells transiently transformed with green fluorescent protein-tagged versions of LPEAT1 or LPEAT2 revealed that LPEAT1 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas LPEAT2 is localized to both Golgi and late endosomes. Considering that the primary product of the reaction catalyzed by LPEATs is phosphatidylethanolamine, which is known to be covalently conjugated with autophagy-related protein ATG8 during a key step of the formation of autophagosomes, we investigated the requirements for LPEATs to engage in autophagic activity in Arabidopsis. Knocking out of either or both LPEAT genes led to enhanced accumulation of the autophagic adaptor protein NBR1 and decreased levels of both ATG8a mRNA and total ATG8 protein. Moreover, we detected significantly fewer membrane objects in the vacuoles of lpeat1 lpeat2 double mutant mesophyll cells than in vacuoles of control plants. However, contrary to what has been reported on autophagy deficient plants, the lpeat mutants displayed a prolonged life span compared to wild type, including delayed senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.D.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.D.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Satinder K. Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.K.G.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Sylwia Klińska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.D.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Janusz Niedojadło
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230-53 Alnarp, Sweden; (I.L.); (A.S.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Anders S. Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230-53 Alnarp, Sweden; (I.L.); (A.S.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena A. Minina
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.A.M.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.K.G.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Peter V. Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.A.M.); (P.V.B.)
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230-53 Alnarp, Sweden; (I.L.); (A.S.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; (K.D.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
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Wilmowicz E, Kućko A, Pokora W, Kapusta M, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Tranbarger TJ, Wolska M, Panek K. EPIP-Evoked Modifications of Redox, Lipid, and Pectin Homeostasis in the Abscission Zone of Lupine Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3001. [PMID: 33809409 PMCID: PMC7999084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow lupine is a great model for abscission-related research given that excessive flower abortion reduces its yield. It has been previously shown that the EPIP peptide, a fragment of LlIDL (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) amino-acid sequence, is a sufficient molecule to induce flower abortion, however, the question remains: What are the exact changes evoked by this peptide locally in abscission zone (AZ) cells? Therefore, we used EPIP peptide to monitor specific modifications accompanied by early steps of flower abscission directly in the AZ. EPIP stimulates the downstream elements of the pathway-HAESA and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE6 and induces cellular symptoms indicating AZ activation. The EPIP treatment disrupts redox homeostasis, involving the accumulation of H2O2 and upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. A weakening of the cell wall structure in response to EPIP is reflected by pectin demethylation, while a changing pattern of fatty acids and acyl lipids composition suggests a modification of lipid metabolism. Notably, the formation of a signaling molecule-phosphatidic acid is induced locally in EPIP-treated AZ. Collectively, all these changes indicate the switching of several metabolic and signaling pathways directly in the AZ in response to EPIP, which inevitably leads to flower abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Wilmowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Agata Kućko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Timothy John Tranbarger
- UMR DIADE, IRD Centre de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France;
| | - Magdalena Wolska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Panek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 1 Lwowska Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (K.P.)
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Demski K, Łosiewska A, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Klińska S, Banaś A. Phospholipid:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase1 Overexpression Delays Senescence and Enhances Post-heat and Cold Exposure Fitness. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:611897. [PMID: 33381143 PMCID: PMC7767865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.611897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In an alternative pathway to acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis from diacylglycerol, phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) utilizes not acyl-CoA but an acyl group from sn-2 position of a phospholipid, to form TAG. The enzyme's activity in vitro matches DGAT's in a number of plant species, however its main function in plants (especially in vegetative tissue) is debatable. In the presented study, we cultivated PDAT1-overexpressing, pdat1 knockout and wild-type lines of Arabidopsis thaliana through their whole lifecycle. PDAT1 overexpression prolonged Arabidopsis lifespan in comparison to wild-type plants, whereas knocking out pdat1 accelerated the plant's senescence. After subjecting the 3-week old seedlings of the studied lines (grown in vitro) to 2-h heat stress (40°C) and then growing them for one more week in standard conditions, the difference in weight between wild-type and PDAT1-overexpressing lines increased in comparison to the difference between plants grown only in optimal conditions. In another experiment all lines exposed to 2-week cold stress experienced loss of pigment, except for PDAT1-overexpressing lines, which green rosettes additionally weighed 4 times more than wild-type. Our results indicate that plants depleted of PDAT1 are more susceptible to cold exposure, while PDAT1 overexpression grants plants a certain heat and cold resilience. Since it was shown, that lysophospholipids may be intertwined with stress response, we decided to also conduct in vitro assays of acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and acylCoA:lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT) activity in microsomal fractions from the PDAT1-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines in standard conditions. The results show significant increase in LPEAT and LPCAT activity in comparison to wild-type plants. PDAT1-overexpressing lines' rosettes also present twice as high expression of LPCAT2 in comparison to control. The presented study shows how much heightened expression of PDAT1 augments plant condition after stress and extends its lifespan.
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Klińska S, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Demski K, Banaś A. Editing of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine by acyl-CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferases in developing Camelina sativa seeds. Planta 2020; 252:4. [PMID: 32524208 PMCID: PMC7286856 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main source of polyunsaturated acyl-CoA in cytoplasmic acyl-CoA pool of Camelina sativa seeds are fatty acids derived from phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidic acid. Contribution of phosphatidylethanolamine is negligible. While phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the second most abundant phospholipid, phosphatidic acid (PA) only constitutes a small fraction of C. sativa seeds' polar lipids. In spite of this, the relative contribution of PA in providing fatty acids for the synthesis of acyl-CoA, supplying cytosolic acyl-CoA pool seems to be much higher than the contribution of PE. Our data indicate that up to 5% of fatty acids present in mature C. sativa seeds are first esterified with PA, in comparison to 2% first esterified with PE, before being transferred into acyl-CoA pool via backward reactions of either acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (CsLPAATs) or acyl-CoA:lysophoshatidylethanolamine acyltransferases (CsLPEATs). Those acyl-CoAs are later reused for lipid biosynthesis or remodelling. In the forward reactions both aforementioned acyltransferases display the highest activity at 30 °C. The spectrum of optimal pH differs for both enzymes with CsLPAATs most active between pH 7.5-9.0 and CsLPEATs between pH 9.0 to 10.0. Whereas addition of magnesium ions stimulates CsLPAATs, calcium and potassium ions inhibit them in concentrations of 0.05-2.0 mM. All three types of ions inhibit CsLPEATs activity. Both tested acyltransferases present the highest preferences towards 16:0-CoA and unsaturated 18-carbon acyl-CoAs in forward reactions. However, CsLPAATs preferentially utilise 18:1-CoA and CsLPEATs preferentially utilise 18:2-CoA while catalysing fatty acid remodelling of PA and PE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
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Demski K, Jeppson S, Lager I, Misztak A, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Waleron M, Stymne S, Banaś A. Isoforms of Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase2 Differ Substantially in Their Specificities toward Erucic Acid. Plant Physiol 2019; 181:1468-1479. [PMID: 31619508 PMCID: PMC6878005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In most oilseeds, two evolutionarily unrelated acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, are the main contributors to the acylation of diacylglycerols in the synthesis of triacylglycerol. DGAT1 and DGAT2 are both present in the important crop oilseed rape (Brassica napus), with each type having four isoforms. We studied the activities of DGAT isoforms during seed development in microsomal fractions from two oilseed rape cultivars: edible, low-erucic acid (22:1) MONOLIT and nonedible high-erucic acid MAPLUS. Whereas the specific activities of DGATs were similar with most of the tested acyl-CoA substrates in both cultivars, MAPLUS had 6- to 14-fold higher activity with 22:1-CoA than did MONOLIT. Thus, DGAT isoforms with different acyl-CoA specificities are differentially active in the two cultivars. We characterized the acyl-CoA specificities of all DGAT isoforms in oilseed rape in the microsomal fractions of yeast cells heterologously expressing these enzymes. All four DGAT1 isoforms showed similar and broad acyl-CoA specificities. However, DGAT2 isoforms had much narrower acyl-CoA specificities: two DGAT2 isoforms were highly active with 22:1-CoA, while the ability of the other two isoforms to use this substrate was impaired. These findings elucidate the importance, which a DGAT isoform with suitable acyl-CoA specificity may have, when aiming for high content of a particular fatty acid in plant triacylglycerol reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Simon Jeppson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Agnieszka Misztak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Waleron
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
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Klińska S, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Banaś A. Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs) of Camelina sativa seeds: biochemical properties and function. Planta 2019; 250:1655-1670. [PMID: 31407031 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine to other lipids involves several enzymes. In Camelina sativa seeds, acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases could be one of the most important players in this process. The transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the location of their synthesis (phosphatidylcholine) to other lipids, e.g., triacylglycerol, remains insufficiently understood. Several enzymes could be involved in this process. One of these enzymes is acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs). In Camelina sativa seeds, LPCATs could be one of the most important players in this process. Our data clearly indicate that the CsLPCATs present in developing seeds have the potential to transfer almost all polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesised on phosphatidylcholine to the acyl-CoA pool. CsLPCAT activity is the highest at 30 °C, and the enzymes operate well at a pH of 7.0-11.0, with the best activity at a pH of 9.0. The activity of CsLPCATs was inhibited by calcium and magnesium ions at a concentration of 0.05-2 mM. In the forward reaction, CsLPCATs preferentially utilise 18:2-CoA; however, other C18 unsaturated fatty acids are also well accepted. In the backward reactions, there is no clear discrimination between the C18 unsaturated fatty acids utilised by the enzymes for phosphatidylcholine remodelling. The activity of CsLPCATs does not differ much between the stages of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
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Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Lager I, Carlsson AS, Gutbrod K, Peisker H, Dörmann P, Stymne S, Banaś A. Acyl-CoA:Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Acyltransferase Activity Regulates Growth of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2017; 174:986-998. [PMID: 28408542 PMCID: PMC5462050 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains two enzymes (encoded by the At1g80950 and At2g45670 genes) preferentially acylating lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) with acyl-coenzyme A (CoA), designated LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (LPEAT1) and LPEAT2. The transfer DNA insertion mutant lpeat2 and the double mutant lpeat1 lpeat2 showed impaired growth, smaller leaves, shorter roots, less seed setting, and reduced lipid content per fresh weight in roots and seeds and large increases in LPE and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) contents in leaves. Microsomal preparations from leaves of these mutants showed around 70% decrease in acylation activity of LPE with 16:0-CoA compared with wild-type membranes, whereas the acylation with 18:1-CoA was much less affected, demonstrating that other lysophospholipid acyltransferases than the two LPEATs could acylate LPE The above-mentioned effects were less pronounced in the single lpeat1 mutant. Overexpression of either LPEAT1 or LPEAT2 under the control of the 35S promotor led to morphological changes opposite to what was seen in the transfer DNA mutants. Acyl specificity studies showed that LPEAT1 utilized 16:0-CoA at the highest rate of 11 tested acyl-CoAs, whereas LPEAT2 utilized 20:0-CoA as the best acyl donor. Both LPEATs could acylate either sn position of ether analogs of LPC The data show that the activities of LPEAT1 and LPEAT2 are, in a complementary way, involved in growth regulation in Arabidopsis. It is shown that LPEAT activity (especially LPEAT2) is essential for maintaining adequate levels of phosphatidylethanolamine, LPE, and LPC in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Ida Lager
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Helga Peisker
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Sten Stymne
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.)
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland (K.J.-G., A.B.);
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden (I.L., A.S.C., S.S.); and
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany (K.G., H.P., P.D.)
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Zhang D, Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Wan X, Luo L, Zhang Y, Banas A, Jiang M, Gong Y. Molecular Characterization of Two Lysophospholipid:acyl-CoA Acyltransferases Belonging to the MBOAT Family in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144653. [PMID: 26684752 PMCID: PMC4684200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the remodeling pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), acyl-CoA-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) acyltransferase (LPCAT) catalyzes the reacylation of lysoPC. A number of genes encoding LPCATs have been cloned and characterized from several plants in recent years. Using Arabidopsis and other plant LPCAT sequences to screen the genome database of Nicotiana benthamiana, we identified two cDNAs encoding the putative tobacco LPCATs (NbLPCAT1 and NbLPCAT2). Both of them were predicted to encode a protein of 463 amino acids with high similarity to LPCATs from other plants. Protein sequence features such as the presence of at least eight putative transmembrane regions, four highly conserved signature motifs and several invariant residues indicate that NbLPCATs belong to the membrane bound O-acyltransferase family. Lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity of NbLPCATs was confirmed by testing lyso-platelet-activating factor (lysoPAF) sensitivity through heterologous expression of each full-length cDNA in a yeast mutant Y02431 (lca1△) disrupted in endogenous LPCAT enzyme activity. Analysis of fatty acid profiles of phospholipids from the NbLPCAT-expressing yeast mutant Y02431 cultures supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids suggested more incorporation of linoleic acid (18:2n6, LA) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n3, ALA) into PC compared to yeast mutant harbouring empty vector. In vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that NbLPCAT1had high lysoPC acyltransferase activity with a clear preference for α-linolenoyl-CoA (18:3), while NbLPCAT2 showed a high lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPA) acyltransferase activity towards α-linolenoyl-CoA and a weak lysoPC acyltransferase activity. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed a ubiquitous expression of NbLPCAT1 and NbLPCAT2 in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds, and a strong expression in developing flowers. This is the first report on the cloning and characterization of lysophospholipid acyltransferases from N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | | | - Xia Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yinbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Antoni Banas
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80–822, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mulan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz K, Demski K, Lager I, Stymne S, Banaś A. Possible Role of Different Yeast and Plant Lysophospholipid:Acyl-CoA Acyltransferases (LPLATs) in Acyl Remodelling of Phospholipids. Lipids 2015; 51:15-23. [PMID: 26643989 PMCID: PMC4700060 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent results have suggested that plant lysophosphatidylcholine:acyl-coenzyme A acyltransferases (LPCATs) can operate in reverse in vivo and thereby catalyse an acyl exchange between the acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) pool and the phosphatidylcholine. We have investigated the abilities of Arabidopsis AtLPCAT2, Arabidopsis lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT2), S. cerevisiae lysophospholipid acyltransferase (Ale1) and S. cerevisiae lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SLC1) to acylate lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH and act reversibly on the products of the acylation; the PtdCho, PtdEtn and PtdOH. The tested LPLATs were expressed in an S. cervisiaeale1 strain and enzyme activities were assessed in assays using microsomal preparations of the different transformants. The results show that, despite high activity towards lysoPtdCho, lysoPtdEtn and lysoPtdOH by the ALE1, its capacities to operate reversibly on the products of the acylation were very low. Slc1 readily acylated lysoPtdOH, lysoPtdCho and lysoPtdEtn but showed no reversibility towards PtdCho, very little reversibility towards PtdEtn and very high reversibility towards PtdOH. LPEAT2 showed the highest levels of reversibility towards PtdCho and PtdEtn of all LPLATs tested but low ability to operate reversibly on PtdOH. AtLPCAT2 showed good reversible activity towards PtdCho and PtdEtn and very low reversibility towards PtdOH. Thus, it appears that some of the LPLATs have developed properties that, to a much higher degree than other LPLATs, promote the reverse reaction during the same assay conditions and with the same phospholipid. The results also show that the capacity of reversibility can be specific for a particular phospholipid, albeit the lysophospholipid derivatives of other phospholipids serve as good acyl acceptors for the forward reaction of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Demski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ida Lager
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sten Stymne
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdańsk, Poland.
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