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Yan Y, Shi Q, Gong B. S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase-Mediated Nitric Oxide Affects Axillary Buds Outgrowth of Solanum lycopersicum L. by Regulating Auxin and Cytokinin Signaling. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:458-471. [PMID: 33493306 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and cytokinin are two kinds of important phytohormones that mediate outgrowth of axillary buds in plants. How nitric oxide and its regulator of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) take part in auxin and cytokinin signaling for controlling axillary buds outgrowth remains elusive. We investigated the roles of GSNOR during tomato axillary bud outgrowth by using physiological, biochemical and genetic approaches. GSNOR negatively regulated NO homeostasis. Suppression of GSNOR promoted axillary bud outgrowth by inhibiting the expression of FZY in both apical and axillary buds. Meanwhile, AUX1 and PIN1 were down-regulated in apical buds but up-regulated in axillary buds in GSNOR-suppressed plants. Thus, reduced IAA accumulation was shown in both apical buds and axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants. GSNOR-mediated changes of NO and auxin affected cytokinin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. And a decreased ratio of auxin: cytokinin was shown in axillary buds of GSNOR-suppressed plants, leading to bud dormancy breaking. We also found that the original NO signaling was generated by nitrate reductase (NR) catalyzing nitrate as substrate. NR-mediated NO reduced the GSNOR activity through S-nitrosylation of Cys-10, then induced a further NO burst, which played the above roles to promote axillary buds outgrowth. Together, GSNOR-mediated NO played important roles in controlling axillary buds outgrowth by altering the homeostasis and signaling of auxin and cytokinin in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P.R. China
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, P.R. China
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Matamoros MA, Cutrona MC, Wienkoop S, Begara-Morales JC, Sandal N, Orera I, Barroso JB, Stougaard J, Becana M. Altered Plant and Nodule Development and Protein S-Nitrosylation in Lotus japonicus Mutants Deficient in S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductases. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:105-117. [PMID: 31529085 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule that conveys its bioactivity mainly through protein S-nitrosylation. This is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) that may affect protein function. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a cellular NO reservoir and NO donor in protein S-nitrosylation. The enzyme S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) degrades GSNO, thereby regulating indirectly signaling cascades associated with this PTM. Here, the two GSNORs of the legume Lotus japonicus, LjGSNOR1 and LjGSNOR2, have been functionally characterized. The LjGSNOR1 gene is very active in leaves and roots, whereas LjGSNOR2 is highly expressed in nodules. The enzyme activities are regulated in vitro by redox-based PTMs. Reducing conditions and hydrogen sulfide-mediated cysteine persulfidation induced both activities, whereas cysteine oxidation or glutathionylation inhibited them. Ljgsnor1 knockout mutants contained higher levels of S-nitrosothiols. Affinity chromatography and subsequent shotgun proteomics allowed us to identify 19 proteins that are differentially S-nitrosylated in the mutant and the wild-type. These include proteins involved in biotic stress, protein degradation, antioxidant protection and photosynthesis. We propose that, in the mutant plants, deregulated protein S-nitrosylation contributes to developmental alterations, such as growth inhibition, impaired nodulation and delayed flowering and fruiting. Our results highlight the importance of GSNOR function in legume biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrici�n Vegetal, Estaci�n Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient�ficas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria C Cutrona
- Departamento de Nutrici�n Vegetal, Estaci�n Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient�ficas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Juan C Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas", University of Ja�n, 23071 Ja�n, Spain
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Irene Orera
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Investigaciones Biom�dicas de Arag�n, Instituto Aragon�s de Ciencias de la Salud, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas", University of Ja�n, 23071 Ja�n, Spain
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrici�n Vegetal, Estaci�n Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient�ficas, Apartado 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kolbert Z, Molnï R Ï, Olï H D, Feigl G, Horvï Th E, Erdei L, Ï Rdï G A, Rudolf E, Barth T, Lindermayr C. S-Nitrosothiol Signaling Is involved in Regulating Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism of Zinc-Stressed Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:2449-2463. [PMID: 31340034 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals such as zinc (Zn) disturbs the metabolism of reactive oxygen (e.g. hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) and nitrogen species (e.g. nitric oxide, NO; S-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO) in plant cells; however, their signal interactions are not well understood. Therefore, this study examines the interplay between H2O2 metabolism and GSNO signaling in Arabidopsis. Comparing the Zn tolerance of the wild type (WT), GSNO reductase (GSNOR) overexpressor 35S::FLAG-GSNOR1 and GSNOR-deficient gsnor1-3, we observed relative Zn tolerance of gsnor1-3, which was not accompanied by altered Zn accumulation capacity. Moreover, in gsnor1-3 plants Zn did not induce NO/S-nitrosothiol (SNO) signaling, possibly due to the enhanced activity of NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase. In WT and 35S::FLAG-GSNOR1, GSNOR was inactivated by Zn, and Zn-induced H2O2 is directly involved in the GSNOR activity loss. In WT seedlings, Zn resulted in a slight intensification of protein nitration detected by Western blot and protein S-nitrosation observed by resin-assisted capture of SNO proteins (RSNO-RAC). LC-MS/MS analyses indicate that Zn induces the S-nitrosation of ascorbate peroxidase 1. Our data collectively show that Zn-induced H2O2 may influence its own level, which involves GSNOR inactivation-triggered SNO signaling. These data provide new evidence for the interplay between H2O2 and SNO signaling in Arabidopsis plants affected by metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zs Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ï Molnï R
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - D Olï H
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Horvï Th
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Erdei
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Ï Rdï G
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Rudolf
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum M�nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, M�nchen/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Barth
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum M�nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, M�nchen/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum M�nchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, M�nchen/Neuherberg, Germany
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