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Zhou Z, Zhang Z, van der Putten PEL, Fabre D, Dingkuhn M, Struik PC, Yin X. Triose phosphate utilization in leaves is modulated by whole-plant sink-source ratios and nitrogen budgets in rice. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6692-6707. [PMID: 37642225 PMCID: PMC10662237 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Triose phosphate utilization (TPU) is a biochemical process indicating carbon sink-source (im)balance within leaves. When TPU limits leaf photosynthesis, photorespiration-associated amino acid exports probably provide an additional carbon outlet and increase leaf CO2 uptake. However, whether TPU is modulated by whole-plant sink-source relations and nitrogen (N) budgets remains unclear. We address this question by model analyses of gas-exchange data measured on leaves at three growth stages of rice plants grown at two N levels. Sink-source ratio was manipulated by panicle pruning, by using yellower-leaf variant genotypes, and by measuring photosynthesis on adaxial and abaxial leaf sides. Across all these treatments, higher leaf N content resulted in the occurrence of TPU limitation at lower intercellular CO2 concentrations. Photorespiration-associated amino acid export was greater in high-N leaves, but was smaller in yellower-leaf genotypes, panicle-pruned plants, and for abaxial measurement. The feedback inhibition of panicle pruning on rates of TPU was not always observed, presumably because panicle pruning blocked N remobilization from leaves to grains and the increased leaf N content masked feedback inhibition. The leaf-level TPU limitation was thus modulated by whole-plant sink-source relations and N budgets during rice grain filling, suggesting a close link between within-leaf and whole-plant sink limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Zhou
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zichang Zhang
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peter E L van der Putten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Dingkuhn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Bertrand H, Lapointe L. Bulb growth potential is independent of leaf longevity for the spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum Ker-Gawl. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:489-505. [PMID: 36308523 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth in most spring ephemerals is decreased under warmer temperatures. Although photosynthetic activities are improved at warmer temperatures, leaves senesce earlier, which prevents the bulb from reaching a larger size. A longer leaf life duration during a warm spring, therefore, may improve bulb mass. We tested this hypothesis by modulating leaf life span of Erythronium americanum through the application of Promalin® (PRO; cytokinins and gibberellins) that prolonged or silver thiosulfate (STS) that reduced leaf duration. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured along with leaf and bulb carbohydrate concentrations. Plants were also pulse labelled with 13CO2 to monitor sugar transport to the bulb. Lower photosynthetic rates and shorter leaf life span of STS plants reduced the amount of carbon that they assimilated during the season, resulting in a smaller bulb compared with control plants. PRO plants maintained their photosynthetic rates for a longer period than control plants, yet final bulb biomass did not differ between them. We conclude that seasonal growth for E. americanum is not limited by leaf life duration under warm growing conditions, but rather by limited sink growth capacity. Under global warming, spring geophytes might be at risk of being reduced in size and, eventually, reproducing less frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Bertrand
- Département de biologie and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Line Lapointe
- Département de biologie and Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V0A6, Canada
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3
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Tejera-Nieves M, Abraha M, Chen J, Hamilton SK, Robertson GP, Walker BJ. Corrigendum: Seasonal decline in leaf photosynthesis in perennial switchgrass explained by sink limitations and water deficit. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1204150. [PMID: 37152143 PMCID: PMC10157273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023571.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tejera-Nieves
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael Abraha
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stephen K. Hamilton
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - G. Philip Robertson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley James Walker
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Berkley James Walker,
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Tejera M, Boersma NN, Archontoulis SV, Miguez FE, VanLoocke A, Heaton EA. Photosynthetic decline in aging perennial grass is not fully explained by leaf nitrogen. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:7582-7595. [PMID: 36194426 PMCID: PMC9730795 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging in perennial plants is traditionally observed in terms of changes in end-of-season biomass; however, the driving phenological and physiological changes are poorly understood. We found that 3-year-old (mature) stands of the perennial grass Miscanthus×giganteus had 19-30% lower Anet than 1-year-old M.×giganteus (juvenile) stands; 10-34% lower maximum carboxylation rates of Rubisco and 34% lower light-saturated Anet (Asat). These changes could be related to nitrogen (N) limitations, as mature plants were larger and had 14-34% lower leaf N on an area basis (Na) than juveniles. However, N fertilization restored Na to juvenile levels but compensated only 50% of the observed decline in leaf photosynthesis with age. Comparison of leaf photosynthesis per unit of leaf N (PNUE) showed that mature stands had at least 26% lower PNUE than juvenile stands across all N fertilization rates, suggesting that other factors, besides N, may be limiting photosynthesis in mature stands. We hypothesize that sink limitations in mature stands could be causing feedback inhibition of photosynthesis which is associated with the age-related decline in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tejera
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas N Boersma
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Andy VanLoocke
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, IL, USA
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5
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Tejera-Nieves M, Abraha M, Chen J, Hamilton SK, Robertson GP, Walker James B. Seasonal decline in leaf photosynthesis in perennial switchgrass explained by sink limitations and water deficit. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1023571. [PMID: 36684783 PMCID: PMC9846045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthesis of perennial grasses usually decreases markedly from early to late summer, even when the canopy remains green and environmental conditions are favorable for photosynthesis. Understanding the physiological basis of this photosynthetic decline reveals the potential for yield improvement. We tested the association of seasonal photosynthetic decline in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with water availability by comparing plants experiencing ambient rainfall with plants in a rainfall exclusion experiment in Michigan, USA. For switchgrass exposed to ambient rainfall, daily net CO2 assimilation ( A n e t ' ) declined from 0.9 mol CO2 m-2 day-1 in early summer to 0.43 mol CO2 m-2 day-1 in late summer (53% reduction; P<0.0001). Under rainfall exclusion shelters, soil water content was 73% lower and A n e t ' was 12% and 26% lower in July and September, respectively, compared to those of the rainfed plants. Despite these differences, the seasonal photosynthetic decline was similar in the season-long rainfall exclusion compared to the rainfed plants; A n e t ' in switchgrass under the shelters declined from 0.85 mol CO2 m-2 day-1 in early summer to 0.39 mol CO2 m-2 day-1 (54% reduction; P<0.0001) in late summer. These results suggest that while water deficit limited A n e t ' late in the season, abundant late-season rainfalls were not enough to restore A n e t ' in the rainfed plants to early-summer values suggesting water deficit was not the sole driver of the decline. Alongside change in photosynthesis, starch in the rhizomes increased 4-fold (P<0.0001) and stabilized when leaf photosynthesis reached constant low values. Additionally, water limitation under shelters had no negative effects on the timing of rhizome starch accumulation, and rhizome starch content increased ~ 6-fold. These results showed that rhizomes also affect leaf photosynthesis during the growing season. Towards the end of the growing season, when vegetative growth is completed and rhizome reserves are filled, diminishing rhizome sink activity likely explained the observed photosynthetic declines in plants under both ambient and reduced water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tejera-Nieves
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael Abraha
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Stephen K. Hamilton
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - G. Philip Robertson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, United States
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley Walker James
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Berkley Walker James,
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Suh JH, Guha A, Wang Z, Li SY, Killiny N, Vincent C, Wang Y. Metabolomic analysis elucidates how shade conditions ameliorate the deleterious effects of greening (Huanglongbing) disease in citrus. Plant J 2021; 108:1798-1814. [PMID: 34687249 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under tropical and subtropical environments, citrus leaves are exposed to excess sunlight, inducing photoinhibition. Huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening), a devastating phloem-limited disease putatively caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, exacerbates this challenge with additional photosynthetic loss and excessive starch accumulation. A combined metabolomics and physiological approach was used to elucidate whether shade alleviates the deleterious effects of HLB in field-grown citrus trees, and to understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms related to shade-induced morpho-physiological changes in citrus. Using metabolite profiling and multinomial logistic regression, we identified pivotal metabolites altered in response to shade. A core metabolic network associated with shade conditions was identified through pathway enrichment analysis and metabolite mapping. We measured physio-biochemical responses and growth and yield characteristics. With these, the relationships between metabolic network and the variables measured above were investigated. We found that moderate-shade alleviates sink limitation by preventing excessive starch accumulation and increasing foliar sucrose levels. Increased growth and fruit yield in shaded compared with non-shaded trees were associated with increased photosystem II efficiency and leaf carbon fixation pathway metabolites. Our study also shows that, in HLB-affected trees under shade, the signaling of plant hormones (auxins and cytokinins) and nitrogen supply were downregulated with reducing new shoot production likely due to diminished needs of cell damage repair and tissue regeneration under shade. Overall, our findings provide the first glimpse of the complex dynamics between cellular metabolites and leaf physiological functions in citrus HLB pathosystem under shade, and reveal the mechanistic basis of how shade ameliorates HLB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Anirban Guha
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Sheng-Yang Li
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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Dox I, Gričar J, Marchand LJ, Leys S, Zuccarini P, Geron C, Prislan P, Mariën B, Fonti P, Lange H, Peñuelas J, Van den Bulcke J, Campioli M. Timeline of autumn phenology in temperate deciduous trees. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1001-1013. [PMID: 32348497 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cessation of xylem formation or wood growth (CWG) and onset of foliar senescence (OFS) are key autumn phenological events in temperate deciduous trees. Their timing is fundamental for the development and survival of trees, ecosystem nutrient cycling and the seasonal exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere, and affects the impact and feedback of forests to global change. A large-scale experimental effort and improved observational methods have allowed us to compare the timing of CWG and OFS for different deciduous tree species in Western Europe, particularly in silver birch, a pioneer species, and European beech, a late-succession species, at stands of different latitudes, of different levels of site fertility, for 2 years with contrasting meteorological and drought conditions, i.e., the low moderately dry 2017 and the extremely dry 2018. Specifically, we tested whether foliar senescence started before, after or concurrently with CWG. Onset of foliar senescence and CWG occurred generally between late September and early November, with larger differences across species and sites for OFS. Foliar senescence started concurrently with CWG in most cases, except for the drier 2018 and, for beech, at the coldest site, where OFS occurred significantly later than CWG. The behavior of beech in Spain, the southern edge of its European distribution, was unclear, with no CWG, but very low wood growth at the time of OFS. Our study suggests that OFS is generally triggered by the same drivers of CWG or when wood growth decreases in late summer, indicating an overarching mechanism of sink limitation as a possible regulator of the timing of foliar senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Dox
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lorène J Marchand
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), Université de Rennes, Campus Beaulieu, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, Rennes, France
| | - Sebastien Leys
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paolo Zuccarini
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charly Geron
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Peter Prislan
- Department of Yield and Silviculture, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bertold Mariën
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Dendro-Sciences Research Unit, Subunit Palaeo-Ecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Holger Lange
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Postboks 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08290, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matteo Campioli
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Parvin S, Uddin S, Tausz-Posch S, Armstrong R, Tausz M. Carbon sink strength of nodules but not other organs modulates photosynthesis of faba bean (Vicia faba) grown under elevated [CO 2 ] and different water supply. New Phytol 2020; 227:132-145. [PMID: 32129887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]) may be limited by the capacity of sink organs to use photosynthates. In many legumes, N2 -fixing symbionts in root nodules provide an additional sink, so that legumes may be better able to profit from e[CO2 ]. However, drought not only constrains photosynthesis but also the size and activity of sinks, and little is known about the interaction of e[CO2 ] and drought on carbon sink strength of nodules and other organs. To compare carbon sink strength, faba bean was grown under ambient (400 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) atmospheric [CO2 ] and subjected to well-watered or drought treatments, and then exposed to 13 C pulse-labelling using custom-built chambers to track the fate of new photosynthates. Drought decreased 13 C uptake and nodule sink strength, and this effect was even greater under e[CO2 ], and was associated with an accumulation of amino acids in nodules. This resulted in decreased N2 fixation, and increased accumulation of new photosynthates (13 C/sugars) in leaves, which in turn can feed back on photosynthesis. Our study suggests that nodule C sink activity is key to avoid sink limitation in legumes under e[CO2 ], and legumes may only be able to achieve greater C gain if nodule activity is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaj Parvin
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia
| | - Shihab Uddin
- The University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger Armstrong
- Agriculture Victoria Research, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Michael Tausz
- Department of Agriculture, Science and the Environment, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, CQUniversity Australia, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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Cabon A, Peters RL, Fonti P, Martínez-Vilalta J, De Cáceres M. Temperature and water potential co-limit stem cambial activity along a steep elevational gradient. New Phytol 2020; 226:1325-1340. [PMID: 31998968 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to develop mechanistic tree growth models are hindered by the uncertainty of whether and when tree growth responses to environmental factors are driven by carbon assimilation or by biophysical limitations of wood formation. In this study, we used multiannual weekly wood-formation monitoring of two conifer species (Larix decidua and Picea abies) along a 900 m elevational gradient in the Swiss Alps to assess the biophysical effect of temperature and water potential on wood formation. To this end, we developed a model that simulates the effect of water potential on turgor-driven cambial division, modulated by the effect of temperature on enzymatic activity. The model reproduced the observed phenology of tracheid production, as well as intra- and interannual tracheid production dynamics of both species along the elevational gradient, although interannual model performance was lower. We found that temperature alone explains the onset of tracheid production, yet water potential appears necessary to predict the ending and the total amount of tracheids produced annually. We conclude that intra-annual cambial activity is strongly constrained by both temperature and water potential at all elevations, independently of carbon assimilation. At the interannual scale, biophysical constraints likely interact with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cabon
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), E08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Richard L Peters
- Dendrosciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Basel University, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Dendrosciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), E08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel De Cáceres
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), E08193, Catalonia, Spain
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Fabre D, Dingkuhn M, Yin X, Clément-Vidal A, Roques S, Soutiras A, Luquet D. Genotypic variation in source and sink traits affects the response of photosynthesis and growth to elevated atmospheric CO 2. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:579-593. [PMID: 31961455 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the response of photosynthesis and growth to e-CO2 conditions (800 vs. 400 μmol mol-1 ) of rice genotypes differing in source-sink relationships. A proxy trait called local C source-sink ratio was defined as the ratio of flag leaf area to the number of spikelets on the corresponding panicle, and five genotypes differing in this ratio were grown in a controlled greenhouse. Differential CO2 resources were applied either during the 2 weeks following heading (EXP1) or during the whole growth cycle (EXP2). Under e-CO2 , low source-sink ratio cultivars (LSS) had greater gains in photosynthesis, and they accumulated less nonstructural carbohydrate in the flag leaf than high source-sink ratio cultivars (HSS). In EXP2, grain yield and biomass gain was also greater in LSS probably caused by their strong sink. Photosynthetic capacity response to e-CO2 was negatively correlated across genotypes with local C source-sink ratio, a trait highly conserved across environments. HSS were sink-limited under e-CO2 , probably associated with low triose phosphate utilization (TPU) capacity. We suggest that the local C source-sink ratio is a potential target for selecting more CO2 -responsive cultivars, pending validation for a broader genotypic spectrum and for field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Dingkuhn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Clément-Vidal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Roques
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Armelle Soutiras
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Luquet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Dee JR, Adams HD, Palmer MW. Belowground annual ring growth coordinates with aboveground phenology and timing of carbon storage in two tallgrass prairie forb species. Am J Bot 2018; 105:1975-1985. [PMID: 30512197 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Herb chronology, the study of belowground annual growth rings in perennial forbs, has much potential as a tool for monitoring plant growth as a function of environment. To harness this potential, understanding of the coordination between ring ontogeny, aboveground phenology, and the temporal allocation of carbon products belowground in herbaceous forbs must be improved. METHODS We investigated these relationships in two southern United States tallgrass prairie perennial forb species, Asclepias viridis and Lespedeza stuevei, making monthly excavations for a year. KEY RESULTS Belowground xylogenesis began when starch reserves were at their seasonal low in the spring as shoots reached maximum height. The highest relative radial growth of the ring occurred concurrently with replenishment of root starch reserves in early summer. Xylogenesis concluded with leaf senescence in late summer and belowground starch reserves near saturation. CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating that ring ontogeny is tied to early summer starch replenishment, our results illustrate the mechanisms behind previous findings where ring width was highly correlated with summer climatic conditions for these two species. This study provides a new physiological link between how ring chronologies in herbs often accord with growing-season environment; further dissecting this phenomenon is vital in unlocking the potential of herb chronology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Dee
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, 301 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, 301 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
| | - Michael W Palmer
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, 301 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
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Abstract
The yield of sugar beet has continuously increased in the past decades. The question arises, whether this progress will continue in the future. A key factor for increasing yield potential of the crop is breeding progress. It was related to a shift in assimilate partitioning in the plant toward more storage carbohydrates (sucrose), whereas structural carbohydrates (leaves, cell wall compounds) unintendedly declined. The yield potential of sugar beet was estimated at 24 t sugar ha-1. For maximum yield, sufficient growth factors have to be available and the crop has to be able to fully utilize them. In sugar beet, limitations result from the lacking coincidence of maximum irradiation rates and full canopy cover, sink strength for carbon assimilation and high water demand, which cannot be met by rainfall alone. After harvest, sugar losses during storage occur. The paper discusses options for a further increase in yield potential, like autumn sowing of sugar beet, increasing sink strength and related constraints. It is prospected that yield increase by further widening the ratio of storage and structural carbohydrates will come to its natural limit as a certain cell wall stability is necessary. New challenges caused by climate change and by prolonged processing campaigns will occur. Thus breeding for improved pathogen resistance and storage properties will be even more important for successful sugar beet production than a further increase in yield potential itself.
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Hayat A, Hacket-Pain AJ, Pretzsch H, Rademacher TT, Friend AD. Modeling Tree Growth Taking into Account Carbon Source and Sink Limitations. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:182. [PMID: 28377773 PMCID: PMC5359310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing CO2 concentrations are strongly controlled by the behavior of established forests, which are believed to be a major current sink of atmospheric CO2. There are many models which predict forest responses to environmental changes but they are almost exclusively carbon source (i.e., photosynthesis) driven. Here we present a model for an individual tree that takes into account the intrinsic limits of meristems and cellular growth rates, as well as control mechanisms within the tree that influence its diameter and height growth over time. This new framework is built on process-based understanding combined with differential equations solved by numerical method. Our aim is to construct a model framework of tree growth for replacing current formulations in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, and so address the issue of the terrestrial carbon sink. Our approach was successfully tested for stands of beech trees in two different sites representing part of a long-term forest yield experiment in Germany. This model provides new insights into tree growth and limits to tree height, and addresses limitations of previous models with respect to sink-limited growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Hayat
- Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- *Correspondence: Amaury Hayat
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D. Friend
- Department of Geography, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- Andrew D. Friend
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Ruiz-Vera UM, De Souza AP, Long SP, Ort DR. The Role of Sink Strength and Nitrogen Availability in the Down-Regulation of Photosynthetic Capacity in Field-Grown Nicotiana tabacum L. at Elevated CO 2 Concentration. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:998. [PMID: 28649261 PMCID: PMC5465258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Down-regulation of photosynthesis is among the most common responses observed in C3 plants grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). Down-regulation is often attributed to an insufficient capacity of sink organs to use or store the increased carbohydrate production that results from the stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated [CO2]. Down-regulation can be accentuated by inadequate nitrogen (N) supply, which may limit sink development. While there is strong evidence for down-regulation of photosynthesis at elevated [CO2] in enclosure studies most often involving potted plants, there is little evidence for this when [CO2] is elevated fully under open-air field treatment conditions. To assess the importance of sink strength on the down-regulation of photosynthesis and on the potential of N to mitigate this down-regulation under agriculturally relevant field conditions, two tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana; cv. Mammoth) of strongly contrasting ability to produce the major sink of this crop, leaves, were grown under ambient and elevated [CO2] and with two different N additions in a free air [CO2] (FACE) facility. Photosynthetic down-regulation at elevated [CO2] reached only 9% in cv. Mammoth late in the season likely reflecting sustained sink strength of the rapidly growing plant whereas down-regulation in cv. Petit Havana reached 25%. Increased N supply partially mitigated down-regulation of photosynthesis in cv. Petit Havana and this mitigation was dependent on plant developmental stage. Overall, these field results were consistent with the hypothesis that sustained sink strength, that is the ability to utilize photosynthate, and adequate N supply will allow C3 crops in the field to maintain enhanced photosynthesis and therefore productivity as [CO2] continues to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M. Ruiz-Vera
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
| | - Amanda P. De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
| | - Stephen P. Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityLancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Donald R. Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, United States
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureUrbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Donald R. Ort
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Delpierre N, Berveiller D, Granda E, Dufrêne E. Wood phenology, not carbon input, controls the interannual variability of wood growth in a temperate oak forest. New Phytol 2016; 210:459-470. [PMID: 26619197 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the analysis of flux data has increased our understanding of the interannual variability of carbon inputs into forest ecosystems, we still know little about the determinants of wood growth. Here, we aimed to identify which drivers control the interannual variability of wood growth in a mesic temperate deciduous forest. We analysed a 9-yr time series of carbon fluxes and aboveground wood growth (AWG), reconstructed at a weekly time-scale through the combination of dendrometer and wood density data. Carbon inputs and AWG anomalies appeared to be uncorrelated from the seasonal to interannual scales. More than 90% of the interannual variability of AWG was explained by a combination of the growth intensity during a first 'critical period' of the wood growing season, occurring close to the seasonal maximum, and the timing of the first summer growth halt. Both atmospheric and soil water stress exerted a strong control on the interannual variability of AWG at the study site, despite its mesic conditions, whilst not affecting carbon inputs. Carbon sink activity, not carbon inputs, determined the interannual variations in wood growth at the study site. Our results provide a functional understanding of the dependence of radial growth on precipitation observed in dendrological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delpierre
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Elena Granda
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Eric Dufrêne
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
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Wingler A. Comparison of signaling interactions determining annual and perennial plant growth in response to low temperature. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:794. [PMID: 25628637 PMCID: PMC4290479 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature inhibits plant growth despite the fact that considerable rates of photosynthetic activity can be maintained. Instead of lower rates of photosynthesis, active inhibition of cell division and expansion is primarily responsible for reduced growth. This results in sink limitation and enables plants to accumulate carbohydrates that act as compatible solutes or are stored throughout the winter to enable re-growth in spring. Regulation of growth in response to temperature therefore requires coordination with carbon metabolism, e.g., via the signaling metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate. The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA) play an important role in regulating growth in response to temperature. Growth restriction at low temperature is mainly mediated by DELLA proteins, whose degradation is promoted by GA. For annual plants, it has been shown that the GA/DELLA pathway interacts with JA signaling and C-repeat binding factor dependent cold acclimation, but these interactions have not been explored in detail for perennials. Growth regulation in response to seasonal factors is, however, particularly important in perennials, especially at high latitudes. In autumn, growth cessation in trees is caused by shortening of the daylength in interaction with phytohormone signaling. In perennial grasses seasonal differences in the sensitivity to GA may enable enhanced growth in spring. This review provides an overview of the signaling interactions that determine plant growth at low temperature and highlights gaps in our knowledge, especially concerning the seasonality of signaling responses in perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wingler
- *Correspondence: Astrid Wingler, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK e-mail:
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Stomph TJ, Choi EY, Stangoulis JCR. Temporal dynamics in wheat grain zinc distribution: is sink limitation the key? Ann Bot 2011; 107:927-37. [PMID: 21385780 PMCID: PMC3080623 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Enhancing the zinc (Zn) concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain is a breeding objective in order to improve human Zn nutrition. At enhanced plant Zn uptake, grain Zn levels do not increase proportionally and within the grain the endosperm Zn levels remain below grain Zn levels. This study analysed the temporal dynamics of Zn concentrations in grain tissues during grain filling to find major bottlenecks. METHODS Plants of two cultivars were grown at 1 and 5 mg Zn kg(-1) soil. Individual panicles were harvested 7, 14, 24 or 34 d after their flowering or at maturity and seeds were dissected into constituting tissues, which were analysed for Zn and other minerals. KEY RESULTS The Zn concentration of the crease was found to increase five- to nine-fold between 7 and 34 d after anthesis, while that of the endosperm decreased by 7 and 45 % when grown at 1 or 5 mg Zn kg(-1), respectively. The Zn turnover rate (d(-1)) in the crease tissues was either independent of the Zn application level or higher at the lower Zn application level, and the Zn concentration increased in the crease tissues with time during grain filling while the turnover rate gradually decreased. CONCLUSIONS There is significant within-seed control over Zn entering the seed endosperm. While the seed crease Zn concentration can be raised to very high levels by increasing external Zn supply, the endosperm Zn concentrations will not increase correspondingly. The limited transfer of Zn beyond the crease requires more research to provide further insight into the rate-determining processes and their location along the pathway from crease to the deeper endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stomph
- Wageningen University, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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