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Raspor M, Mrvaljević M, Savić J, Ćosić T, Kaleri AR, Pokimica N, Cingel A, Ghalawnji N, Motyka V, Ninković S. Cytokinin deficiency confers enhanced tolerance to mild, but decreased tolerance to severe salinity stress in in vitro grown potato. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1296520. [PMID: 38362121 PMCID: PMC10867153 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is a plant hormone that plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development. CK-deficient plants are widely used as model systems for investigating the numerous physiological roles of CK. Since it was previously shown that transgenic or mutant CK-deficient Arabidopsis and Centaurium plants show superior tolerance to salinity, we examined the tolerance of three CK-deficient potato lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE2 (AtCKX2) gene to 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM NaCl applied in vitro. Quantification of visible salinity injury, rooting and acclimatization efficiency, shoot growth, water saturation deficit, and chlorophyll content confirmed that the CK-deficient potato plants were more tolerant to low (50 mM) and moderate (100 mM) NaCl concentrations, but exhibited increased sensitivity to severe salinity stress (150 and 200 mM NaCl) compared to non-transformed control plants. These findings were corroborated by the data distribution patterns according to principal component analysis. Quantification of the activity of superoxide dismutases, peroxidases, and catalases revealed an impaired ability of AtCKX2-transgenic lines to upregulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salinity, which might contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of these potato lines to severe salt stress. Our results add complexity to the existing knowledge on the regulation of salinity tolerance by CK, as we show for the first time that CK-deficient plants can exhibit reduced rather than increased tolerance to severe salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Raspor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mrvaljević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Nina Pokimica
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Cingel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nabil Ghalawnji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang D, Zheng J, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Chen J. Unveiling terahertz wave stress effects and mechanisms in Pinellia ternata: Challenges, insights, and future directions. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14195. [PMID: 38332400 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to elucidate the intricate effects and mechanisms of terahertz (THz) wave stress on Pinellia ternata, providing valuable insights into plant responses. The primary objective is to highlight the imperative for future research dedicated to comprehending THz wave impacts across plant structures, with a specific focus on the molecular intricacies governing root system structure and function, from shoots to roots. Notably, this review highlights the accelerated plant growth induced by THz waves, especially in conjunction with other environmental stressors, and the subsequent alterations in cellular homeostasis, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids are explored for their dual role as toxic by-products of stress metabolism and vital signal transduction molecules in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The paper further investigates the spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of phytohormones, including growth hormone, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA), which significantly influence the growth and development of P. ternata under THz wave stress. With a comprehensive review of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Brassinosteroid Insensitive (BRI) homeostasis and signalling under THz wave stress, the article elucidates the current understanding of BRI involvement in stress perception, stress signalling, and domestication response regulation. Additionally, it underscores the importance of spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of key plant hormones, such as growth hormone, cytokinin, and ABA, in determining root growth and development under THz wave stress. The study of how plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses holds fundamental biological significance, and enhancing plant stress tolerance is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and mitigating the environmental burdens associated with low-tolerance crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiatong Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Mulaudzi T, Sias G, Nkuna M, Ndou N, Hendricks K, Ikebudu V, Koo AJ, Ajayi RF, Iwuoha E. Seed Priming with MeJa Prevents Salt-Induced Growth Inhibition and Oxidative Damage in Sorghum bicolor by Inducing the Expression of Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10368. [PMID: 37373514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major detrimental abiotic stresses at the forefront of deterring crop productivity globally. Although the exogenous application of phytohormones has formerly proven efficacious to plants, their effect on the moderately stress-tolerant crop "Sorghum bicolor" remains elusive. To investigate this, S. bicolor seeds primed with methyl jasmonate (0; 10 and 15 μM MeJa) were exposed to salt (200 mM NaCl) stress, and their morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular attributes were measured. Salt stress significantly decreased shoot length and fresh weight by 50%, whereas dry weight and chlorophyll content were decreased by more than 40%. Furthermore, salt-stress-induced oxidative damage was evident by the formation of brown formazan spots (indicative of H2O2 production) on sorghum leaves and a more than 30% increase in MDA content. However, priming with MeJa improved growth, increased chlorophyll content, and prevented oxidative damage under salt stress. While 15 µM MeJa maintained proline content to the same level as the salt-stressed samples, total soluble sugars were maintained under 10 µM MeJa, indicating a high degree of osmotic adjustment. Shriveling and thinning of the epidermis and xylem tissues due to salt stress was prevented by MeJa, followed by a more than 70% decrease in the Na+/K+ ratio. MeJa also reversed the FTIR spectral shifts observed for salt-stressed plants. Furthermore, salt stress induced the expression of the jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes; linoleate 92-lipoxygenase 3, allene oxide synthase 1, allene oxide cyclase, and 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1. In MeJa-primed plants, their expression was reduced, except for the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 transcript, which further increased by 67%. These findings suggest that MeJa conferred salt-stress tolerance to S. bicolor through osmoregulation and synthesis of JA-related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takalani Mulaudzi
- Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Gershwin Sias
- Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Mulisa Nkuna
- Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Nzumbululo Ndou
- Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Kaylin Hendricks
- Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Vivian Ikebudu
- Life Sciences Building, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rachel F Ajayi
- SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Trifunović-Momčilov M, Stamenković N, Đurić M, Milošević S, Marković M, Giba Z, Subotić A. Role of Sodium Nitroprusside on Potential Mitigation of Salt Stress in Centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) Shoots Grown In Vitro. Life (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36676103 DOI: 10.3390/life13010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most common abiotic stressors that affects plant growth and development. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide (NO), on the physiological response of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) shoots grown under stress conditions caused by sodium chloride (NaCl) in vitro. Centaury shoots were first grown on nutrient medium containing different SNP concentrations (50, 100 and 250 μM) during the pretreatment phase. After three weeks, the shoots were transferred to nutrient media supplemented with NaCl (150 mM) and/or SNP (50, 100 or 250 μM) for one week. The results showed that salinity decreased photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic content and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) concentration. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), were also reduced under salt stress. However, MDA concentration was decreased, while H2O2 and proline content did not drastically change under the stress conditions caused by NaCl. Exogenous application of SNP altered the biochemical parameters of centaury shoots grown under salt stress. In this case, increased photosynthetic pigment content, total phenolics and proline content were noted, with reduced MDA, but not H2O2, concentration was observed. In addition, the exogenous application of SNP increased the degree of DPPH reduction as well as SOD, CAT and POX activities.
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