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Carrijo DR, LaHue GT, Parikh SJ, Chaney RL, Linquist BA. Mitigating the accumulation of arsenic and cadmium in rice grain: A quantitative review of the role of water management. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156245. [PMID: 35644407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure through rice consumption is a growing concern. Compared to Continuous Flooding (CF), irrigation practices that dry the soil at least once during the growing season [referred to here as Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD)] can decrease As accumulation in grain; however, this can simultaneously increase grain Cd to potentially unsafe levels. We modelled grain As and Cd from field studies comparing AWD and CF to identify optimal AWD practices to minimize the accumulation of As and Cd in grain. The severity of soil drying during AWD drying event(s), quantified as soil water potential (SWP), was the main factor leading to a reduction in grain total As and inorganic As, compared to CF. However, lower SWP levels were necessary to decrease grain inorganic As, compared to total As. Therefore, if the goal is to decrease grain inorganic As, the soil needs to be dried further than it would for decreasing total As alone. The main factor driving grain Cd accumulation was when AWD was practiced during the season. Higher grain Cd levels were observed when AWD occurred during the early reproductive stage. Further, higher Cd levels were observed when AWD spanned multiple rice growth stages, compared to one stage. If Cd levels are concerning, the minimum trade-off between total As and Cd accumulation in rice grain occurred when AWD was implemented at a SWP of -47 kPa during one stage other than the early reproductive. While these results are not meant to be comprehensive of all the interactions affecting the As and Cd dynamics in rice systems, they can be used as a first guide for implementing AWD practices with the goal of minimizing the accumulation of As and Cd in rice grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R Carrijo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Gabriel T LaHue
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Rufus L Chaney
- Chaney Environmental, 10910 Dresden Dr, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Bruce A Linquist
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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2
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Li HH, Tsui MTK, Ku P, Chen H, Yin Z, Dahlgren RA, Parikh SJ, Wei J, Hoang TC, Chow AT, Cheng Z, Zhu XM. Impacts of Forest Fire Ash on Aquatic Mercury Cycling. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:11835-11844. [PMID: 35905396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment and its methylated form, methylmercury (MeHg), poses a worldwide health concern for humans and wildlife, primarily through fish consumption. Global production of forest fire ash, derived from wildfires and prescribed burns, is rapidly increasing due to a warming climate, but their interactions with aqueous and sedimentary Hg are poorly understood. Herein, we compared the differences of wildfire ash with activated carbon and biochar on the sorption of aqueous inorganic Hg and sedimentary Hg methylation. Sorption of aqueous inorganic Hg was greatest for wildfire ash materials (up to 0.21 μg g-1 or 2.2 μg g-1 C) among all of the solid sorbents evaluated. A similar Hg adsorption mechanism for activated carbon, biochar made of walnut, and wildfire ash was found that involves the formation of complexes between Hg and oxygen-containing functional groups, especially the -COO group. Notably, increasing dissolved organic matter from 2.4 to 70 mg C L-1 remarkably reduced Hg sorption (up to 40% reduction) and increased the time required to reach Hg-sorbent pseudo-equilibrium. Surprisingly, biochar and wildfire ash, but not activated carbon, stimulated MeHg production during anoxic sediment incubation, possibly due to the release of labile organic matter. Overall, our study indicates that while wildfire ash can sequester aqueous Hg, the leaching of its labile organic matter may promote production of toxic MeHg in anoxic sediments, which has an important implication for potential MeHg contamination in downstream aquatic ecosystems after wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Han Li
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Ziyu Yin
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Tham C Hoang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Alex T Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Zhang M, Lin K, Li X, Wu L, Yu J, Cao S, Zhang D, Xu L, Parikh SJ, Ok YS. Removal of phosphate from water by paper mill sludge biochar. Environ Pollut 2022; 293:118521. [PMID: 34793910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar modification by metals and metal oxides is considered a practical approach for enhancing the adsorption capacity of anionic compounds such as phosphate (P). This study obtained paper mill sludge (PMS) biochar (PMSB) via a one-step process by pyrolyzing PMS waste containing ferric salt to remove anionic P from water. The ferric salt in the sludge was transformed into ferric oxide and zero-valent-iron (Fe0) in N2 atmosphere at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. The maximum adsorption (Qm) of the PMSBs for P ranged from 9.75 to 25.19 mg P/g. Adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process, which implies chemisorption. PMSB obtained at 800 °C (PMSB800) exhibited the best performance for P removal. Fe0 in PMSB800 plays a vital role in P removal via adsorption and coprecipitation, such as forming the ≡Fe-O-P ternary complex. Furthermore, the possible chemical precipitation of P by CaO decomposed from calcite (CaCO3; an additive of paper production that remains in PMS) may also contribute to the removal of P by PMSB800. Moreover, PMSBs can be easily separated magnetically from water after application and adsorption. This study achieved a waste-to-wealth strategy by turning waste PMS into a metal/metal oxide-embedded biochar with excellent P removal capability and simple magnetic separation properties via a one-step pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodian Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Materials & Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang M, Sun R, Song G, Wu L, Ye H, Xu L, Parikh SJ, Nguyen T, Khan E, Vithanage M, Ok YS. Enhanced removal of ammonium from water using sulfonated reed waste biochar-A lab-scale investigation. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118412. [PMID: 34737106 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The removal of excessive ammonium from water is vital for preventing eutrophication of surface water and ensuring drinking water safety. Several studies have explored the use of biochar for removing ammonium from water. However, the efficacy of pristine biochar is generally weak, and various biochar modification approaches have been proposed to enhance adsorption capacity. In this study, biochar obtained from giant reed stalks (300, 500, 700 °C) was modified by sulfonation, and the ammonium adsorption capabilities of both giant reed biochars (RBCs) and sulfonated reed biochars (SRBCs) were assessed. The ammonium adsorption rates of SRBCs were much faster than RBCs, with equilibrium times of ∼2 h and ∼8 h for SRBCs and RBCs, respectively. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of SRBCs were 4.20-5.19 mg N/g for SRBCs, significantly greater than RBCs (1.09-1.92 mg N/g). Physical-chemical characterization methods confirmed the increased levels of carboxylic and sulfonic groups on sulfonated biochar. The reaction of ammonium with these O-containing functional groups was the primary mechanism for the enhancement of ammonium adsorption by SRBCs. To conclude, sulfonation significantly improved the adsorption performance of biochar, suggesting its potential application for ammonium mitigation in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311122, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California -Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4015, USA
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Finney TJ, Parikh SJ, Berman A, Sasaki DY, Kuhl TL. Characterizing and Tuning the Properties of Polydiacetylene Films for Sensing Applications. Langmuir 2021; 37:12940-12951. [PMID: 34699228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled, polymerized diacetylene (DA) nanostructures and two-dimensional films have been studied over the past two decades for sensor applications because of their straightforward visual readout. DA monomers, when exposed to UV light, polymerize to produce a visibly blue polymer. Blue phase polydiacetylenes (PDAs) when exposed to an external stimuli, such as temperature or UV light, undergo a chromatic phase transition to a fluorescent, visibly red phase. The tunability of the monomer to blue to red chromatic phase transitions by choice of diacetylene monomer in the presence of metal cations is systematically and comprehensively investigated to determine their effects on the properties of PDA Langmuir films. The polymerization kinetics and domain morphology of the PDA films were characterized using polarized fluorescent microscopy, UV-vis-fluorescent spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Increasing the monomer alkyl tail length was found to strongly increase the UV dose necessary to produce optimally blue films and fully red films. A decrease in the polymer domain size was also correlated with longer-tailed DA molecules. Metal cations have a diverse effect on the film behavior. Alkaline-earth metals such as Mg, Ca, and Ba have a negligible effect on the phase transition kinetics but can be used to tune PDA polymer domain sizes. The Ni and Fe cations increase the UV dose necessary to produce red phase PDA films and significantly decrease the polymer domain sizes. The Zn, Cd, and Cu ions exhibit strong directed interactions with the PDA carboxylic acid headgroups, resulting in quenched fluorescence and a unique film morphology. FTIR analysis provides insight into the metal-PDA binding mechanisms and demonstrates that the coordination between the PDA film headgroups and the metal cations can be correlated with changes in the film morphology and kinetics. The findings from these studies will have broad utility for tuning PDA-based sensors for different applications and sensitivity ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner J Finney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Amir Berman
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba 8410501, Israel
| | - Darryl Y Sasaki
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Tonya L Kuhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Santos-Medellin C, Zinke LA, Ter Horst AM, Gelardi DL, Parikh SJ, Emerson JB. Viromes outperform total metagenomes in revealing the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural soil viral communities. ISME J 2021; 15:1956-1970. [PMID: 33612831 PMCID: PMC8245658 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are abundant yet understudied members of soil environments that influence terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Here, we characterized the dsDNA viral diversity in biochar-amended agricultural soils at the preplanting and harvesting stages of a tomato growing season via paired total metagenomes and viral size fraction metagenomes (viromes). Size fractionation prior to DNA extraction reduced sources of nonviral DNA in viromes, enabling the recovery of a vaster richness of viral populations (vOTUs), greater viral taxonomic diversity, broader range of predicted hosts, and better access to the rare virosphere, relative to total metagenomes, which tended to recover only the most persistent and abundant vOTUs. Of 2961 detected vOTUs, 2684 were recovered exclusively from viromes, while only three were recovered from total metagenomes alone. Both viral and microbial communities differed significantly over time, suggesting a coupled response to rhizosphere recruitment processes and/or nitrogen amendments. Viral communities alone were also structured along an 18 m spatial gradient. Overall, our results highlight the utility of soil viromics and reveal similarities between viral and microbial community dynamics throughout the tomato growing season yet suggest a partial decoupling of the processes driving their spatial distributions, potentially due to differences in dispersal, decay rates, and/or sensitivities to soil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A Zinke
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Danielle L Gelardi
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanne B Emerson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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7
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Cheng J, Ye Q, Lu Z, Zhang J, Zeng L, Parikh SJ, Ma W, Tang C, Xu J, He Y. Quantification of the sorption of organic pollutants to minerals via an improved mathematical model accounting for associations between minerals and soil organic matter. Environ Pollut 2021; 280:116991. [PMID: 33845409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The retention of organic pollutant (OP) in soils is commonly attributed to interactions with soil organic matter (SOM), perhaps overlooking substantial involvement of soil minerals. In this study, 36 soil samples with far-ranging ratios of clay to organic carbon were used to examine contribution of minerals on soil sorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and phenanthrene (PHE). Sorption isotherms (n = 216) were fit individually using three typical sorption models, with the most fitted Kd values screened out for quantification of the net mineral contribution to total sorption via development of mathematical model accounting for associations between minerals and SOM. Two mineral-relevant parameters [adsorption distribution coefficient (Kmin) and mineral contribution index (MCI)] were simultaneously defined. Previously reported soil sorption data of PCP, PHE and butachlor (13, 12 and 46, respectively) were also extracted and included to improve the credibility of mathematic model. The average MCI values were calculated as 0.421, 0.405 and 0.512 in PCP, PHE and butachlor treated soils, respectively, very close to or even over than the minerals dominant critical value (0.5). This suggested the significant, or even predominant, contribution of minerals - as compared to SOM. Significant dependence of MCI with four conventional parameters of soil property further offered the possibility to roughly evaluate mineral contributions based on estimated threshold values of soil property parameters (especially TOC). This study provides an accessible approach for predicting the contribution of minerals in soil OP retention, especially highlighting their predominant roles vs. SOM in regulating OP removal in most of subsurface soil or contaminated brownfields where organic carbon content of soil was very low, that was not like what previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingzao Zeng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wanzhu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wan X, Li C, Parikh SJ. Chemical composition of soil-associated ash from the southern California Thomas Fire and its potential inhalation risks to farmworkers. J Environ Manage 2021; 278:111570. [PMID: 33129023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires poses human health risks, especially for those within burnt regions. The potential health effects of fire ash on farmworkers in orchards via inhalation exposure after fire is rarely studied. After the 2017 Thomas Fire, in Ventura County (California, USA), fire ash and corresponding soil samples were collected from several impacted orchards and analyzed for eight trace elements (TEs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Results indicate that except for mercury (Hg), the concentrations of TEs and PAHs were higher in ash samples compared with the corresponding soil samples. In general, ash samples showed greater potential to expose farmworkers to health risks than the corresponding soil samples. One site had particularly high concentrations of As (778 mg kg-1), Cr (629 mg kg-1), and Cu (499 mg kg-1) in the ash. This location corresponds to a house which was burned during the Thomas Fire, which might have contained chromated copper arsenate as a wood preservative. Therefore, the existence of construction materials in orchards could add hazardous materials to ash deposited on soil. Furthermore, a monitored dust generation experiment was designed to obtain the particle emission factors (PEF) of soil and ash, which is an essential parameter for the calculation of inhalation health risks. A two-fold difference in the PEFs was found between ash and the corresponding soil sample. Hence, health risks through inhalation exposure from fire ash may be underestimated if the default PEF suggested by the US Environmental Protection Agency is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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9
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Hassan M, Liu Y, Naidu R, Parikh SJ, Du J, Qi F, Willett IR. Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2020; 744:140714. [PMID: 32717463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a porous, amorphous, stable, and low-density carbon material derived from the carbonization of various biological residues. Biochars have multifunctional properties that make them promising adsorbents for the remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water. High temperature treatment (HTT) and the properties of feedstocks are key factors influencing the properties of biochars. Feedstocks have distinctive physicochemical properties due to variations in elemental and structural composition, and they respond heterogeneously to specific pyrolysis conditions. The criteria for the selection of feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions for designing biochars for specific sorption properties are inadequately understood. We evaluated the influence of pyrolysis temperature on a wide range of feedstocks to investigate their effects on biochar properties. With increasing HTT, biochar pH, surface area, pore size, ash content, hydrophobicity and O/C vs. H/C (ratios that denote stability) increased, whereas, hydrophilicity, yield of biochar, O/C, and H/C decreased. Discriminant analysis of data from 533 published datasets revealed that biochar derived from hardwood (HBC) and softwood generally have greater surface area and carbon content, but lower content of oxygen and mineral constituents, than manure- (MBC) and grass-derived biochars (GBC). GBC and MBC have abundant oxygen-containing functional groups than SBC and HBC. The sequence of stability and aromaticity of feedstocks was MBC < GBC < SBC < HBC. Therefore, SBC and HBC are suitable for sorption of hydrophobic molecules. Biochars produced from low HTT are suitable for removal of ionic contaminants, whereas those produced at high HTT are suitable for removal of organic contaminants. The influences of biochar properties on sorption performance of heavy metals and organic contaminants are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masud Hassan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jianhua Du
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ian R Willett
- School of Agriculture & Food, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Wang Z, Bakshi S, Li C, Parikh SJ, Hsieh HS, Pignatello JJ. Modification of pyrogenic carbons for phosphate sorption through binding of a cationic polymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:258-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Zhang M, Song G, Gelardi DL, Huang L, Khan E, Mašek O, Parikh SJ, Ok YS. Evaluating biochar and its modifications for the removal of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate in water. Water Res 2020; 186:116303. [PMID: 32841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from water through the use of various sorbents is often considered an economically viable way for supplementing conventional methods. Biochar has been widely studied for its potential adsorption capabilities for soluble N and P, but the performance of different types of biochars can vary widely. In this review, we summarized the adsorption capacities of biochars in removing N (NH4-N and NO3-N) and P (PO4-P) based on the reported data, and discussed the possible mechanisms and influencing factors. In general, the NH4-N adsorption capacity of unmodified biochars is relatively low, at levels of less than 20 mg/g. This adsorption is mainly via ion exchange and/or interactions with oxygen-containing functional groups on biochar surfaces. The affinity is even lower for NO3-N, because of electrostatic repulsion by negatively charged biochar surfaces. Precipitation of PO4-P by metals/metal oxides in biochar is the primary mechanism for PO4-P removal. Biochars modified by metals have a significantly higher capacity to remove NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P than unmodified biochar, due to the change in surface charge and the increase in metal oxides on the biochar surface. Ambient conditions in the aqueous phase, including temperature, pH, and co-existing ions, can significantly alter the adsorption of N and P by biochars, indicating the importance of optimal processing parameters for N and P removal. However, the release of endogenous N and P from biochar to water can impede its performance, and the presence of competing ions in water poses practical challenges for the use of biochar for nutrient removal. This review demonstrates that progress is needed to improve the performance of biochars and overcome challenges before the widespread field application of biochar for N and P removal is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Danielle L Gelardi
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Longbin Huang
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, United States
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95618, United States
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Mukome FND, Buelow MC, Shang J, Peng J, Rodriguez M, Mackay DM, Pignatello JJ, Sihota N, Hoelen TP, Parikh SJ. Biochar amendment as a remediation strategy for surface soils impacted by crude oil. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:115006. [PMID: 32593903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of organic bulking agents on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil impacted soils was evaluated in batch laboratory experiments. Crude oil impacted soils from three separate locations were amended with fertilizer and bulking agents consisting of biochars derived from walnut shells or ponderosa pine wood chips produced at 900 °C. The batch reactors were incubated at 25 °C and sampled at pre-determined intervals to measure changes in total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) over time. For the duration of the incubation, the soil moisture content was adjusted to 75% of the maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) and prior to each sampling event, the sample was manually stirred. Results show that the addition of fertilizer and bulking agents increased biodegradation rates of TPH. Soil samples amended with ponderosa pine wood biochar achieved the highest biodegradation rate, whereas the walnut shell biochar was inhibitory to TPH biodegradation. The beneficial impact of biochars on TPH biodegredation was more pronounced for a soil impacted with lighter hydrocarbons compared to a soil impacted with heavier hydrocarbons. This study demonstrates that some biochars, in combination with fertilizer, have the potential to be a low-technology and eco-friendly remediation strategy for crude oil impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fungai N D Mukome
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; School of Natural and Applied Sciences, William Jessup University, Rocklin, CA, 95765, USA
| | - Maya C Buelow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Junteng Shang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael Rodriguez
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Douglas M Mackay
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joseph J Pignatello
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Natasha Sihota
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Thomas P Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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13
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Bair DA, Anderson CG, Chung Y, Scow KM, Franco RB, Parikh SJ. Impact of biochar on plant growth and uptake of ciprofloxacin, triclocarban and triclosan from biosolids. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:990-1001. [PMID: 32877275 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1807264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of municipal biosolids in agriculture present a concern with potential uptake and bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical compounds from biosolids into agronomic plants. We evaluated the efficacy of biochar as a soil amendment to minimize uptake of antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, triclocarban, and triclosan) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and carrot (Daucus carota) plants. Biochar reduced the concentration of ciprofloxacin and triclocarban in lettuce leaves and resulted in a 67% reduction of triclosan in carrot roots. There was no substantial difference in pharmaceutical concentrations in carrot and lettuce plant matter at low (2.0 g kg-1 soil) and high (20.4 g kg-1 soil) rates of applied biochar. The co-amendment of biochar and biosolids increased soil pH and nutrient content which were positively correlated with an increase in lettuce shoot biomass. Our results demonstrate the potential efficacy of using walnut shell biochar as a sorbent for pharmaceutical contaminants in soil without negatively affecting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bair
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Carolyn G Anderson
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Young Chung
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kate M Scow
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roberta Brancher Franco
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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14
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Hafner SC, Parikh SJ. Sorption and abiotic transformation of monensin by iron and manganese oxides. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126623. [PMID: 32302916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, is commonly administered as a feed additive to cattle and poultry. A large percentage of the administered dose is excreted in animal waste, which is often applied to agricultural fields as fertilizer. The objective of this work is to gain insight into the fate of monensin in soil by investigating the interactions between monensin and common soil minerals, including sorption and transformation to unmonitored partial oxidation products. Batch sorption experiments across varying conditions (i.e., pH, ionic strength) and desorption experiments (i.e., methanol, PO43-, methyl tert-butyl ether) were used to determine the extent to which a selection of common redox-active soil minerals [birnessite (δ-MnO2), goethite (α-FeOOH), hematite (α-Fe2O3)] can bind and transform monensin. Monensin was bound by hematite (pH < 7.5, up to 7.5 mmol kg-1), goethite (pH < 7.5, up to 3.4 mmol kg-1), and birnessite (pH < 7, up to 0.1 mmol kg-1). Combined sorption and transformation were the greatest for hematite and the lowest for birnessite. Sorption to hematite was more reversible than to goethite. Each desorption from goethite recovered <10% of sorbed monensin, whereas desorption from hematite recovered up to 69% of sorbed monensin, dependent on the solution. The potential for iron and manganese (hydr)oxides to abiotically transform monensin through reductive dissolution to partial oxidation products was evaluated by mass spectral analysis following sorption experiments. Additionally, the dominant sorption mechanism was inferred through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, via examination of the carboxylate peak separation differences, on goethite and hematite to be bridging bidentate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hafner
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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15
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Rippner DA, Lien J, Balla H, Guo T, Green PG, Young TM, Parikh SJ. Surface modification induced cuprous oxide nanoparticle toxicity to duckweed at sub-toxic metal concentrations. Sci Total Environ 2020; 722:137607. [PMID: 32213435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle capping agents are critical for controlling the growth, oxidation state, and final particle size during aqueous synthesis. However, despite the known phytotoxicity of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to plants, it is used to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles of uniform size and with mesoporous structure. Among the few studies that have investigated how CTAB influences nanoparticle toxicity, CTAB has never been identified as the primary cause of nanoparticle toxicity in environmental systems; rather nanoparticle surface charge or morphology was identified as the driver of toxicity in environmentally relevant systems. In the current study, CTAB release from CTAB surface modified Cu2O nanoparticles (SM-Cu2O NPs) inhibited duckweed (Landoltia punctata) growth, even when administered at subtoxic Cu concentrations. Organic ligands, such as humic acid (HA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), lessened growth inhibition associated with exposure to SM-Cu2O NPs, likely through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with CTAB. Such results highlight the need for a more holistic approach to nanoparticle surface modification and improved communication between toxicologists and synthetic chemists to develop green alternatives for nanoparticle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin A Rippner
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Hagr Balla
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Peter G Green
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Thomas M Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
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16
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Wan X, Li C, Parikh SJ. Simultaneous removal of arsenic, cadmium, and lead from soil by iron-modified magnetic biochar. Environ Pollut 2020; 261:114157. [PMID: 32086161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective and economically viable method to remove elevated metal(loid)s from farm and industrial lands remains a major challenge. In this study, magnetic biochar-based adsorbents with Fe3O4 particles embedded in a porous biochar matrix was synthesized via iron (Fe) treated biochar or thermal pyrolysis of Fe treated cedar sawdust. Application and separation of the adsorbent to a multi-contaminated soil slurry simultaneously removed 20-30% of arsenic, cadmium and lead within 24 h. Fast removal of multi-metal(loid)s result from the decrease in all operationally defined fractions of metal(loid)s, not limited to the exchangeable fraction. The direct removal of arsenic-enriched soil particles was observed via micro X-ray fluorescence maps. Furthermore, through comparison of biochars with different production methods, it has been found that magnetization after pyrolysis treatment leads to stronger metals/metalloids adsorption with a higher qe (bound sorbate) than other treatments but pyrolysis after magnetization stabilized Fe oxides on the biochar surface, indicating a higher biochar recovery rate (∼65%), and thus a higher metal(loid)s removal efficiency. The stability of Fe oxides on the surface of biochar is the determining factor for the removal efficiency of metal(loid)s from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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17
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Wu J, Li Z, Huang D, Liu X, Tang C, Parikh SJ, Xu J. A novel calcium-based magnetic biochar is effective in stabilization of arsenic and cadmium co-contamination in aerobic soils. J Hazard Mater 2020; 387:122010. [PMID: 31927353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel calcium-based magnetic biochar by pyrolysing rice straw mixed with calcium carbonate and iron oxide for stabilization of contamination of multiple metals. A 160-day incubation study was conducted to investigate its performance in stabilization of cadmium and arsenic co-contamination in soil. Both biochar and Ca-MBC treatments increased soil pH, decreased the bioavailability of cadmium. Ca-MBC decreased but biochar enhanced the bioavailability of arsenic. The BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction confirmed Ca-MBC facilitated the transformation of the unstable fraction of arsenic to stable fractions. The stabilization mechanisms were explored through synchrotron-based micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure. The results show that Ca-MBC remediated the dual contamination of arsenic and cadmium through (1) elevated pH and cation exchange capacity (for Cd); (2) the formation of bi-dentate chelate and ternary surface complexes on the surface of iron oxide; (3) enhanced adsorption ability of porous biochar. In addition, Ca-MBC increased the abundance and diversity of bacterial community, and modified the relative abundances of bacterial taxa, leading to a shift of the composition. These new insights provide valuable information for stabilization of co-contamination of arsenic and cadmium in soil using the potential material Ca-MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizi Wu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhangtao Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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18
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Redman ZC, Tran KH, Parikh SJ, Tjeerdema RS. Influence of pH and Divalent Metals Relevant to California Rice Fields on the Hydroxide-Mediated Hydrolysis of the Insecticide Chlorantraniliprole. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12402-12407. [PMID: 31663732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; CAP) was investigated over the pH range of 6-10, reflective of California rice field conditions, with variable additions of Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, or Ni2+. Dissipation accelerated as pH increased with half-lives ranging from 26.9 to 2.2 days with slight inhibition in rice field water. The addition of divalent metals was not observed to catalyze the hydrolysis of CAP at pH 6, indicating that the insecticide is likely to remain recalcitrant to hydrolysis in neutral or acidic surface waters. However, Mn2+ and Ni2+ were observed to inhibit hydrolysis at pH 8 and 9. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared analysis supports the conclusion that divalent metals may withdraw electron density from the amide nitrogen via interaction with the amide oxygen, though additional quantum chemical modeling is necessary to provide further mechanistic insights. Overall, the hydrolysis of CAP in California rice fields and their surrounding surface waters will be dominated by pH and inhibited by dissolved metal species.
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19
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Gelardi DL, Li C, Parikh SJ. An emerging environmental concern: Biochar-induced dust emissions and their potentially toxic properties. Sci Total Environ 2019; 678:813-820. [PMID: 31085497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amending soils with biochar is increasingly proposed as a solution to many pressing agricultural and environmental challenges. Biochar, created by thermochemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen-limited environment, has several purported benefits, including remediation of contaminated soils, increased crop yields, reduced fertilizer demands, increased plant available water, and mitigation of climate change. Due to these potential benefits, biochar-related research has flourished in the past decade, though there remains a critically understudied area of research regarding biochar's potential impact on human health. Because biochar characteristically has low bulk density and high porosity, the material is susceptible to atmospheric release via natural or mechanical soil disturbance. The specific risks of biochar inhalation have not been elucidated; however, recent publications have demonstrated that biochar can increase soil dust emissions of particles <10 μm (PM10) or possess elevated levels of toxic chemicals. These data should not be interpreted to suggest that all biochars are problematic, but rather to highlight an important and overlooked field of study, and to stress the need to critically assess parameters for biochar production and management strategies that safeguard human health. Here the literature on biochar-related dust emissions and potentially toxic properties (PTPs) is reviewed in order to summarize what is known, highlight areas for future study, and aggregate solutions to minimize potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Gelardi
- University of California Davis, Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Chongyang Li
- University of California Davis, Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- University of California Davis, Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
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20
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Redman ZC, Parikh SJ, Hengel MJ, Tjeerdema RS. Influence of Flooding, Salinization, and Soil Properties on Degradation of Chlorantraniliprole in California Rice Field Soils. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:8130-8137. [PMID: 31287295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; CAP) was granted supplemental registration for use in rice cultivation in California through December, 2018. Previous work investigated the partitioning of CAP in California rice field soils; however, its degradation in soils under conditions relevant to California rice culture has not been investigated. The degradation of CAP in soils from two California rice fields was examined under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with varying salinity via microcosm experiments. Results indicate that soil properties governing bioavailability may have a greater influence on degradation than flooding practices or field salinization over a typical growing season. Differences between native and autoclaved soils (t1/2 = 59.0-100.2 and 78.5-171.7 days) suggest that biological processes were primarily responsible for CAP degradation; however, future work should be done to confirm specific biotic processes as well as to elucidate abiotic processes, such as degradation via manganese oxides and formation of nonextractable residues, which may contribute to its dissipation.
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21
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Carrijo DR, Li C, Parikh SJ, Linquist BA. Irrigation management for arsenic mitigation in rice grain: Timing and severity of a single soil drying. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:300-307. [PMID: 30173036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice grain is a public health concern since As is toxic to humans; in particular, inorganic As can cause many chronic diseases including cancer. Rice crops are prone to accumulating As, in part, due to the anaerobic soil conditions triggered by the traditional continuously flooded irrigation practice. The objective of this study was to determine how the severity and the timing (i.e. crop stage) of a single soil drying period impact total As concentration and As speciation within the rice (both white and brown) grain, compared to a continuously flooded (CF) control. Drying the soil until the perched water table reached 15 cm below the soil surface (same severity as in the "Safe Alternate Wetting and Drying"), which in this study corresponded to a soil (0-15 cm) water potential of ~0, did not decrease grain As concentrations, regardless of timing. Drying the soil to Medium Severity [MS: soil (0-15 cm) water potential of -71 kPa] or High Severity [HS: soil (0-15 cm) water potential of -154 kPa] decreased total As by 41-61%. However, inorganic As did not always decrease because the severity and the timing of soil drying affected As speciation within the grain. Overall, the soil had to be dried to HS and/or late in the growing season (i.e., at booting or heading instead of at panicle initiation) to decrease inorganic As concentration in the rice grain. This study indicates that the imposition of a single soil drying period within the growing season can mitigate As accumulation in rice grain, but it depends on the severity and timing of the drying period. Further, irrigation management affects As speciation within the rice grain and this must be considered if regulations on inorganic As are based on a percentage of total As measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R Carrijo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, 387 North Quad, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California-Davis, 387 North Quad, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California-Davis, 387 North Quad, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bruce A Linquist
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, 387 North Quad, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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22
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Margenot AJ, Parikh SJ, Calderón FJ. Improving Infrared Spectroscopy Characterization of Soil Organic Matter with Spectral Subtractions. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30688294 DOI: 10.3791/57464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) underlies numerous soil processes and functions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy detects infrared-active organic bonds that constitute the organic component of soils. However, the relatively low organic matter content of soils (commonly < 5% by mass) and absorbance overlap of mineral and organic functional groups in the mid-infrared (MIR) region (4,000-400 cm-1) engenders substantial interference by dominant mineral absorbances, challenging or even preventing interpretation of spectra for SOM characterization. Spectral subtractions, a post-hoc mathematical treatment of spectra, can reduce mineral interference and enhance resolution of spectral regions corresponding to organic functional groups by mathematically removing mineral absorbances. This requires a mineral-enriched reference spectrum, which can be empirically obtained for a given soil sample by removing SOM. The mineral-enriched reference spectrum is subtracted from the original (untreated) spectrum of the soil sample to produce a spectrum representing SOM absorbances. Common SOM removal methods include high-temperature combustion ('ashing') and chemical oxidation. Selection of the SOM removal method carries two considerations: (1) the amount of SOM removed, and (2) absorbance artifacts in the mineral reference spectrum and thus the resulting subtraction spectrum. These potential issues can, and should, be identified and quantified in order to avoid fallacious or biased interpretations of spectra for organic functional group composition of SOM. Following SOM removal, the resulting mineral-enriched sample is used to collect a mineral reference spectrum. Several strategies exist to perform subtractions depending on the experimental goals and sample characteristics, most notably the determination of the subtraction factor. The resulting subtraction spectrum requires careful interpretation based on the aforementioned methodology. For many soil and other environmental samples containing substantial mineral components, subtractions have strong potential to improve FTIR spectroscopic characterization of organic matter composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign;
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis
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Popova IE, Morra MJ, Parikh SJ. Pressurized liquid extraction of six tetracyclines from agricultural soils. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 54:35-40. [PMID: 30406723 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1530547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics used in agriculture can be introduced into the environment through land application of animal manure, accumulating in soils and groundwaters and posing a significant risk to human health and animal well-being. As the analysis of tetracyclines in soil is challenging due to their strong interaction with soil minerals and organic carbon, the objective of this study was to develop a reliable and reproducible method for quantitative analysis of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline, and their respective metabolites in soils. A method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cell clean-up was developed for the extraction of chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline and four likely metabolites from a set of four soils. Optimized conditions included a cell size of 22 mL, soil loading of 5 g, pH of 8.0, methanol:water ratio of 3:1, 50 °C, and two cycles. Soil extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). Recoveries of seven tetracyclines from soil ranged from 41% to 110%. The limits of detection for tetracyclines were 0.08-0.3 µg g-1 soil, and intra- and inter-day variation ranged from 0.12-0.34%. The proposed PLE method is suitable for quantification of tetracyclines in agricultural soils at typical concentrations expected in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna E Popova
- a 1 Department of Soil and Water Systems , University of Idaho , Moscow , ID , USA
- b 2 Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California-Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Matthew J Morra
- a 1 Department of Soil and Water Systems , University of Idaho , Moscow , ID , USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- b 2 Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California-Davis , Davis , CA , USA
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Li C, Bair DA, Parikh SJ. Estimating potential dust emissions from biochar amended soils under simulated tillage. Sci Total Environ 2018; 625:1093-1101. [PMID: 29996406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although biochars may provide agricultural benefits, the potential risks related to agricultural dust emissions have not been adequately investigated. This study examines the impact of biochar type (WS 900: walnut shell, 900°C; PW 500, PW 700 and PW 900: pine wood, 500, 700, 900°C), biochar application rate (0, 1, 2, 5% wt.) and soil water content (low, medium and high) on dust emissions in two different textured-soils (silt loam, sandy loam). Dust was produced via a dust generator simulating soil disturbance (e.g, tillage) and dust fractions with an aerodynamic diameter under 100μm and 10μm (PM100 and PM10) were collected. The data indicate that the higher application rate of WS 900 led to higher PM100 and PM10 emissions while PW biochar treatments emitted equivalent amounts of dust as controls (non-amended soils). Dust emissions were exponentially reduced as soil water content increased, irrespective of biochar's presence. Specific markers for biochar, benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs), were used to estimate the biochar content within dust. Results indicate that the increased dust emissions from WS 900 treatments mainly derive from soil particles due to the greater dispersion potential of WS 900 biochar. The collected data also reveal that PM10 dust contains less biochar particles than PM100, attributed to biochars originally containing negligible amounts of particles <10μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Li
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel A Bair
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Rippner DA, Green PG, Young TM, Parikh SJ. Dissolved organic matter reduces CuO nanoparticle toxicity to duckweed in simulated natural systems. Environ Pollut 2018; 234:692-698. [PMID: 29241155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for recycled wastewater for irrigation purposes, there is a need to evaluate the potential for manufactured nanomaterials in waste water to impact crop production and agroecosystems. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have previously been shown to negatively impact the growth of duckweed (Landoltia punctata) a model aquatic plant consumed by water fowl and widely found in agricultural runoff ditches in temperate climates. However, prior studies involving CuO NP toxicity to duckweed have focused on systems without the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the current study, duckweed growth inhibition was shown to be a function of aqueous Cu2+ concentration. Growth inhibition was greatest from aqueous CuCl2 and, for particles, increased with decreasing CuO particle size. The dissolution of CuO NPs in ½ Hoagland's solution was measured to increase with decreasing particle size and in the presence of Suwannee river humic and fulvic acids (HA; FA). However, the current results suggest that HA, and to a lesser extent, FA, decrease the toxicity of both CuO NPs and free ionized Cu to duckweed, likely by inhibiting Cu availability through Cu-DOM complex formation. Such results are consistent with changes to Cu speciation as predicted by speciation modeling software and suggest that DOM changes Cu speciation and therefore toxicity in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin A Rippner
- University of California, Davis, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peter G Green
- University of California, Davis, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; University of California, Davis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M Young
- University of California, Davis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- University of California, Davis, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Davis RA, Rippner DA, Hausner SH, Parikh SJ, McElrone AJ, Sutcliffe JL. In Vivo Tracking of Copper-64 Radiolabeled Nanoparticles in Lactuca sativa. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:12537-12546. [PMID: 28954194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in commercial products including automotive lubricants, clothing, deodorants, sunscreens, and cosmetics and can potentially accumulate in our food supply. Given their size it is difficult to detect and visualize the presence of NPs in environmental samples, including crop plants. New analytical tools are needed to fill the void for detection and visualization of NPs in complex biological and environmental matrices. We aimed to determine whether radiolabeled NPs could be used as a noninvasive, highly sensitive analytical tool to quantitatively track and visualize NP transport and accumulation in vivo in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and to investigate the effect of NP size on transport and distribution over time using a combination of autoradiography, positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transition electron microscopy (TEM). Azide functionalized NPs were radiolabeled via a "click" reaction with copper-64 (64Cu)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane triacetic acid (NOTA) azadibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO) conjugate ([64Cu]-ADIBO-NOTA) via copper-free Huisgen-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This yielded radiolabeled [64Cu]-NPs of uniform shape and size with a high radiochemical purity (>99%), specific activity of 2.2 mCi/mg of NP, and high stability (i.e., no detectable dissolution) over 24 h across a pH range of 5-9. Both PET/CT and autoradiography showed that [64Cu]-NPs entered the lettuce seedling roots and were rapidly transported to the cotyledons with the majority of the accumulation inside the roots. Uptake and transport of intact NPs was size-dependent, and in combination with the accumulation within the roots suggests a filtering effect of the plant cell walls at various points along the water transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, ‡Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, §Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, ∥USDA-ARS, Department of Viticulture and Enology, ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California-Davis , 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Devin A Rippner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, ‡Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, §Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, ∥USDA-ARS, Department of Viticulture and Enology, ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California-Davis , 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Sven H Hausner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, ‡Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, §Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, ∥USDA-ARS, Department of Viticulture and Enology, ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California-Davis , 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, ‡Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, §Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, ∥USDA-ARS, Department of Viticulture and Enology, ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California-Davis , 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, ‡Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, §Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, ∥USDA-ARS, Department of Viticulture and Enology, ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California-Davis , 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, ‡Radiochemistry Research and Training Facility, §Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, ∥USDA-ARS, Department of Viticulture and Enology, ⊥Department of Biomedical Engineering, and #Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California-Davis , 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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Wang D, Fonte SJ, Parikh SJ, Six J, Scow KM. Biochar additions can enhance soil structure and the physical stabilization of C in aggregates. Geoderma 2017; 303:110-117. [PMID: 29109589 PMCID: PMC5669273 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Corresponding author: Daoyuan Wang, , Phone: +1-530-574-9610, Address: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, 3310 PES Building, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven J. Fonte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523 USA
| | - Sanjai J. Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zürich, CH 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kate M. Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Bair DA, Popova IE, Tate KW, Parikh SJ. Transport of oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and ivermectin in surface runoff from irrigated pasture. J Environ Sci Health B 2017; 52:631-640. [PMID: 28898166 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1330069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transport of oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and ivermectin from manure was assessed via surface runoff on irrigated pasture. Surface runoff plots in the Sierra Foothills of Northern California were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation water application rates, pharmaceutical application conditions, vegetative cover, and vegetative filter strip length on the pharmaceutical discharge in surface runoff. Experiments were designed to permit the maximum potential transport of pharmaceuticals to surface runoff water, which included pre-irrigation to saturate soil, trimming grass where manure was applied, and laying a continuous manure strip perpendicular to the flow of water. However, due to high sorption of the pharmaceuticals to manure and soil, less than 0.1% of applied pharmaceuticals were detected in runoff water. Results demonstrated an increase of pharmaceutical transport in surface runoff with increased pharmaceutical concentration in manure, the concentration of pharmaceuticals in runoff water remained constant with increased irrigation flow rate, and no appreciable decrease in pharmaceutical runoff was produced with the vegetative filter strip length increased from 30.5 to 91.5 cm. Most of the applied pharmaceuticals were retained in the manure or within the upper 5 cm of soil directly beneath the manure application sites. As this study evaluated conditions for high transport potential, the data suggest that the risk for significant chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and ivermectin transport to surface water from cattle manure on irrigated pasture is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bair
- a Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California , Davis , California , USA
| | - Ina E Popova
- a Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California , Davis , California , USA
- b Department of Plant , Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho , Moscow , Idaho , USA
| | - Kenneth W Tate
- c Department of Plant Sciences , University of California , Davis , California , USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- a Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources , University of California , Davis , California , USA
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Anderson CG, Joshi G, Bair DA, Oriol C, He G, Parikh SJ, Denison MS, Scow KM. Use of nuclear receptor luciferase-based bioassays to detect endocrine active chemicals in a biosolids-biochar amended soil. Chemosphere 2017; 181:160-167. [PMID: 28437741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biosolids are a potentially valuable source of carbon and nutrients for agricultural soils; however, potential unintended impacts on human health and the environment must be considered. Virtually all biosolids contain trace amounts endocrine-disrupting chemicals derived from human use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). One potential way to reduce the bioavailability of PPCPs is to co-apply biosolids with biochar to soil, because biochar's chemical (e.g., aromaticity) and physical properties (e.g., surface area) give it a high affinity to bind many organic chemicals in the environment. We developed a soil-specific extraction method and utilized a luciferase-based bioassay (CALUX) to detect endocrine active chemicals in a biosolids-biochar co-amendment soil greenhouse study. Both biochar (walnut shell, 900 °C) and biosolids had positive impacts on carrot and lettuce biomass accumulation over our study period. However, the walnut shell biochar stimulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity, suggesting the presence of potential endocrine active chemicals in the biochar. Since the biochar rate tested (100 t ha-1) is above the average agronomic rate (10-20 t ha-1), endocrine effects would not be expected in most environmental applications. The effect of high temperature biochars on endocrine system pathways must be explored further, using both quantitative analytical tools to identify potential endocrine active chemicals and highly sensitive bioanalytical assays such as CALUX to measure the resulting biological activity of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Anderson
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Geetika Joshi
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniel A Bair
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Charlotte Oriol
- Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, Maison des Sciences de l'Eau, 300, Avenue du Professeur Emile Jeanbrau, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kate M Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Hafner SC, Watanabe N, Harter T, Bergamaschi BA, Parikh SJ. Effects of solid-liquid separation and storage on monensin attenuation in dairy waste management systems. J Environ Manage 2017; 190:28-34. [PMID: 28030781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental release of veterinary pharmaceuticals has been of regulatory concern for more than a decade. Monensin is a feed additive antibiotic that is prevalent throughout the dairy industry and is excreted in dairy waste. This study investigates the potential of dairy waste management practices to alter the amount of monensin available for release into the environment. Analysis of wastewater and groundwater from two dairy farms in California consistently concluded that monensin is most present in lagoon water and groundwater downgradient of lagoons. Since the lagoons represent a direct source of monensin to groundwater, the effect of waste management, by mechanical screen separation and lagoon aeration, on aqueous monensin concentration was investigated through construction of lagoon microcosms. The results indicate that monensin attenuation is not improved by increased solid-liquid separation prior to storage in lagoons, as monensin is rapidly desorbed after dilution with water. Monensin is also shown to be easily degraded in lagoon microcosms receiving aeration, but is relatively stable and available for leaching under typical anaerobic lagoon conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hafner
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Naoko Watanabe
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Thomas Harter
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Brian A Bergamaschi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Placer Hall 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Bair DA, Mukome FND, Popova IE, Ogunyoku TA, Jefferson A, Wang D, Hafner SC, Young TM, Parikh SJ. Sorption of Pharmaceuticals, Heavy Metals, and Herbicides to Biochar in the Presence of Biosolids. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:1998-2006. [PMID: 27898796 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.03.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural practices are increasingly incorporating recycled waste materials, such as biosolids, to provide plant nutrients and enhance soil functions. Although biosolids provide benefits to soil, municipal wastewater treatment plants receive pharmaceuticals and heavy metals that can accumulate in biosolids, and land application of biosolids can transfer these contaminants to the soil. Environmental exposure of these contaminants may adversely affect wildlife, disrupt microbial communities, detrimentally affect human health through long-term exposure, and cause the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study considers the use of biochar co-amendments as sorbents for contaminants from biosolids. The sorption of pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin, triclocarban, triclosan), and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb) to biochars and biochar-biosolids-soil mixtures was examined. Phenylurea herbicide (monuron, diuron, linuron) sorption was also studied to determine the potential effect of biochar on soil-applied herbicides. A softwood (SW) biochar (510°C) and a walnut shell (WN) biochar (900°C) were used as contrasting biochars to highlight potential differences in biochar reactivity. Kaolinite and activated carbon served as mineral and organic controls. Greater sorption for almost all contaminants was observed with WN biochar over SW biochar. The addition of biosolids decreased sorption of herbicides to SW biochar, whereas there was no observable change with WN biochar. The WN biochar showed potential for reducing agrochemical and contaminant transport but may inhibit the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides. This study provides support for minimizing contaminant mobility from biosolids using biochar as a co-amendment and highlights the importance of tailoring biochars for specific characteristics through feedstock selection and pyrolysis-gasification conditions.
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Wang D, Griffin DE, Parikh SJ, Scow KM. Impact of biochar amendment on soil water soluble carbon in the context of extreme hydrological events. Chemosphere 2016; 160:287-292. [PMID: 27391051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendments to soil have been promoted as a low cost carbon (C) sequestration strategy as well as a way to increase nutrient retention and remediate contaminants. If biochar is to become part of a long-term management strategy, it is important to consider its positive and negative impacts, and their trade-offs, on soil organic matter (SOM) and soluble C under different hydrological conditions such as prolonged drought or frequent wet-dry cycles. A 52-week incubation experiment measuring the influence of biochar on soil water soluble C under different soil moisture conditions (wet, dry, or wet-dry cycles) indicated that, in general, dry and wet-dry cycles increased water soluble C, and biochar addition further increased release of water soluble C from native SOM. Biochar amendment appeared to increase transformation of native SOM to water soluble C, based on specific ultraviolet absorption (SUVA) and C stable isotope composition; however, the increased amount of water soluble C from native SOM is less than 1% of total biochar C. The impacts of biochar on water soluble C need to be carefully considered when applying biochar to agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Wang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 95616, United States; College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Deirdre E Griffin
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 95616, United States
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 95616, United States
| | - Kate M Scow
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, 95616, United States
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Hafner SC, Harter T, Parikh SJ. Evaluation of Monensin Transport to Shallow Groundwater after Irrigation with Dairy Lagoon Water. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:480-487. [PMID: 27065394 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal waste products from concentrated animal feeding operations are a significant source of antibiotics to the environment. Monensin, an ionophore antibiotic commonly used to increase feed efficiency in livestock, is known to have varied toxicological effects on nontarget species. The current study builds on prior studies evaluating the impact of dairy management on groundwater quality by examining the transport of monensin in an agricultural field with coarse-textured soils during irrigation with lagoon wastewater. The dairy is located in California's San Joaquin Valley, where groundwater can be encountered <5 m below the surface. Groundwater samples were collected from a network of monitoring wells installed throughout the dairy and adjacent to irrigated fields before and after an irrigation event, which allowed for measurement of monensin potentially reaching the shallow groundwater as a direct result of irrigation with lagoon water. Monensin was extracted from water samples via hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solid-phase extraction and quantified with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Irrigation water was found to contain up to 1.6 μg L monensin, but monensin was only detected in monitoring wells surrounding the waste storage lagoon. Water chemistry changes in the wells bordering the irrigated field suggest that up to 7% of irrigation water reached groundwater within days of irrigation. The study suggests that contamination of groundwater with monensin can occur primarily by compromised waste storage systems and that rapid transport of monensin to groundwater is not likely to occur from a single irrigation event.
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Mulligan RA, Parikh SJ, Tjeerdema RS. Abiotic partitioning of clothianidin under simulated rice field conditions. Pest Manag Sci 2015; 71:1419-1424. [PMID: 25450761 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clothianidin is registered for pre- and post-flood application in Californian rice fields for control of the rice seed midge, Cricotopus sylvestris, and the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. The objective was to characterize air-water and soil-water partitioning of clothianidin under simulated Californian rice field conditions. RESULTS Clothianidin was confirmed to be non-volatile (from water) via the gas purge method, as no loss from the aqueous phase was observed at 22 and 37 °C; an upper-limit KH value was calculated at 2.9 × 10(-11) Pa m(3) mol(-1) (20 °C). Soil-water partitioning was determined by the batch equilibrium method using four soils collected from rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, and sorption affinity (Kd ), sorbent capacity, desorption and organic-carbon-normalized distribution (Koc ) were determined. Values for pH, cation exchange capacity and organic matter content ranged from 4.5 to 6.6, from 5.9 to 37.9 and from 1.25 to 1.97% respectively. The log Koc values (22 and 37 °C) ranged from 2.6 to 2.7, while sorption capacity was low at 22 °C and decreased further at 37 °C. Hysteresis was observed in soils at both temperatures, suggesting that bound residues do not readily desorb. CONCLUSIONS Soil-water and air-water partitioning will not significantly reduce offsite transport of clothianidin from flooded rice fields via drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Mulligan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ronald S Tjeerdema
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Rohwedder K, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ. Verringertes Hypoglykämierisiko mit Dapagliflozin gegenüber Glipizid als Add-on-Therapie bei Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus: 4-Jahresdaten einer Phase-3-Studie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Katz A, Yeh H, Sugg JE, Parikh SJ, List JF, Heidorn C. Wirksamkeit von Dapagliflozin bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus und Ausgangs-HbA1c ≥9,0%. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yavin Y, Mansfield TA, Ptaszynska A, Apanovitch AM, Johnsson KM, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ, List JF, Marbach S. Keine erhöhte Hyperkaliämie-Inzidenz bei Therapie mit dem SGLT-2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Johnsson E, Johnsson KM, Mansfield TA, Apanovitch A, Yavin Y, Ptaszynska A, Parikh SJ, List JF, Rist R. Sicherheit und Verträglichkeit von Dapagliflozin hinsichtlich Diurese zur Behandlung des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus über 24 Wochen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ptaszynska A, Mansfield TA, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ, Yavin Y, List JF, Pieperhoff S. Langfristige renale Verträglichkeit der Dapagliflozin-Behandlung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Johnsson KM, Ptaszynska A, Mansfield TA, Apanovitch A, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ, List JF, Job S. Der selektive SGLT-2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin ist nicht mit einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko assoziiert. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gause-Nilsson I, de Bruin TWA, Sugg J, Parikh SJ, Johnsson E, Leiter LA, Pieperhoff S. Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Dapagliflozin über 2 Jahre bei T2DM-Patienten mit kardiovaskulärer Vorerkrankung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cefalu WT, Gause-Nilsson I, de Bruin TWA, Sugg JE, Parikh SJ, Johnsson E, Hein UK. Langfristige Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Dapagliflozin bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes, kardiovaskulärer Erkrankung und Hypertonie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mansfield TA, Fioretto P, Ptaszynska A, Yavin Y, Apanovitch A, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ, List JF, Kuske M. Dapagliflozin ist sicher und gut verträglich bei älteren Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Katz A, Ptaszynska A, Mansfield TA, Iqbal N, Sugg JE, Yeh H, Parikh SJ, List JF, Proske O. Verbesserung der glykämischen Parameter und des Körpergewichts im Zeitverlauf bei Patienten, die Dapagliflozin als Add-on zu Metformin oder als initiale Kombinationstherapie mit Metformin erhalten haben. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rohwedder K, Del Prato S, Nauck M, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ. Bessere Beständigkeit der glykämischen Kontrolle mit Dapagliflozin im Vergleich zu Glipizid als Add-on-Therapie bei unter Metformin unzureichend kontrolliertem Typ 2 Diabetes: 4-Jahres Daten. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Suarez MD, Southard RJ, Parikh SJ. Understanding Variations of Soil Mapping Units and Associated Data for Forensic Science. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:894-905. [PMID: 25808848 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soil samples have potential to be useful in forensic investigations, but their utility may be limited due to the inherent variability of soil properties, the wide array of analytical methods, and complexity of data analysis. This study examined the differentiation of similar soils based on both gross (texture, color, mineralogy) and explicit soil properties (elemental composition, cation exchange, Fe-oxyhydroxides). Soils were collected from Fallbrook and adjacent map units from Riverside and San Diego Counties in California. Samples were characterized using multiple techniques, including chemical extracts, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results were analyzed using multiple analytical approaches to compare counties and land uses. Some analyses (XRD, extractions) were better at distinguishing among samples than others (color, texture). Ratios of rare earth elements were particularly useful for distinguishing samples between counties. This potential to "fingerprint" soils illustrates the usefulness of a comprehensive soil database for criminal investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Suarez
- Department of Forensic Science, University of California Davis, 1909 Galileo Ct., Suite B, Davis, CA, 95618.,Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Randal J Southard
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616
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Nauck MA, Del Prato S, Durán-García S, Rohwedder K, Langkilde AM, Sugg J, Parikh SJ. Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:1111-20. [PMID: 24919526 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the long-term glycaemic durability, safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin alone. METHODS This was a 52-week, randomised, double-blind study of dapagliflozin (n = 406) versus glipizide (n = 408), uptitrated over 18 weeks according to tolerability and glycaemic response to a maximum of 10 and 20 mg/day, respectively, as add-on therapies to metformin (≥ 1500 mg/day) with a 156-week double-blind extension period. Data over 104 weeks are reported here. RESULTS In total, 53.1% of patients completed 104 weeks of treatment. After the greater initial decrease (0-18 weeks) in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with glipizide, the 18-104-week HbA1c coefficient of failure (CoF) was lower with dapagliflozin (0.13%/year) than with glipizide (0.59%/year), resulting in significant dapagliflozin versus glipizide differences of -0.46%/year (95% CI -0.60,-0.33; p = 0.0001) for CoF and -0.18%(-2.0 mmol/mol) [95% CI -0.33(-3.6),-0.03(-0.3); p = 0.021] for 104-week HbA1c. Dapagliflozin produced sustained reductions in weight and systolic blood pressure, whereas glipizide increased weight and systolic blood pressure, giving 104-week dapagliflozin versus glipizide differences of -5.1 kg (95% CI: -5.7,-4.4) and -3.9 mmHg (95% CI: -6.1,-1.7), respectively. Over 104 weeks, the hypoglycaemia rate was 10-fold lower with dapagliflozin than with glipizide (4.2 vs. 45.8%), whereas patient proportions with events suggestive of genital infection and of urinary tract infection (UTI) were greater with dapagliflozin (14.8 and 13.5%, respectively) than with glipizide (2.9 and 9.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Over 2 years, compared with glipizide, dapagliflozin demonstrated greater glycaemic durability, sustained reductions in weight and systolic blood pressure and a low hypoglycaemia rate; however, genital infections and UTIs occurred more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nauck
- Diabetes Centre, Bad Lauterberg, Germany
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T. Nguyen K, B. Ita K, J. Parikh S, E. Popova I, A. Bair D. Transdermal Delivery of Captopril and Metoprolol Tartrate with Microneedles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/2210303104666141001003127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Bruin TWA, Fioretto P, Johnsson E, Ptasynska A, Parikh SJ, List J, Rohwedder K. Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit des SGLT-2-Hemmers Dapagliflozin bei älteren Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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de Bruin TWA, Leiter LA, Cefalu WT, Gause-Nilsson I, Johnsson E, Parikh SJ, Rohwedder K. Dapagliflozin bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes und bestehender kardiovaskulärer Erkrankung: Hypotonie und Verträglichkeit in Bezug auf Volumenverlust. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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