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Hashemi Haeri H, Schneegans N, Eisenschmidt-Bönn D, Brandt W, Wittstock U, Hinderberger D. Characterization of the active site in the thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense (TaTFP) using EPR spectroscopy. Biol Chem 2024; 405:105-118. [PMID: 37586381 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are plant thioglucosides, which act as chemical defenses. Upon tissue damage, their myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis yields aglucones that rearrange to toxic isothiocyanates. Specifier proteins such as thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense (TaTFP) are non-heme iron proteins, which capture the aglucone to form alternative products, e.g. nitriles or thiocyanates. To resolve the electronic state of the bound iron cofactor in TaTFP, we applied continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy at X-and Q-band frequencies (∼9.4 and ∼34 GHz). We found characteristic features of high spin and low spin states of a d 5 electronic configuration and local rhombic symmetry during catalysis. We monitored the oxidation states of bound iron during conversion of allylglucosinolate by myrosinase and TaTFP in presence and absence of supplemented Fe2+. Without added Fe2+, most high spin features of bound Fe3+ were preserved, while different g'-values of the low spin part indicated slight rearrangements in the coordination sphere and/or structural geometry. We also examined involvement of the redox pair Fe3+/Fe2 in samples with supplemented Fe2+. The absence of any EPR signal related to Fe3+ or Fe2+ using an iron-binding deficient TaTFP variant allowed us to conclude that recorded EPR signals originated from the bound iron cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Hashemi Haeri
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nicola Schneegans
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Eisenschmidt-Bönn
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ute Wittstock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Lam YTH, Hoppe J, Dang QN, Porzel A, Soboleva A, Brandt W, Rennert R, Hussain H, Davari MD, Wessjohann L, Arnold N. Purpurascenines A-C, Azepino-Indole Alkaloids from Cortinarius purpurascens: Isolation, Biosynthesis, and Activity Studies on the 5-HT 2A Receptor. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:1373-1384. [PMID: 37306303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed azepino-indole alkaloids, named purpurascenines A-C (1-3), together with the new-to-nature 7-hydroxytryptophan (4) as well as two known compounds, adenosine (5) and riboflavin (6), were isolated from fruiting bodies of Cortinarius purpurascens Fr. (Cortinariaceae). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses and ECD calculations. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of purpurascenine A (1) was investigated by in vivo experiments using 13C-labeled sodium pyruvate, alanine, and sodium acetate incubated with fruiting bodies of C. purpurascens. The incorporation of 13C into 1 was analyzed using 1D NMR and HRESIMS methods. With [3-13C]-pyruvate, a dramatic enrichment of 13C was observed, and hence a biosynthetic route via a direct Pictet-Spengler reaction between α-keto acids and 7-hydroxytryptophan (4) is suggested for the biosynthesis of purpurascenines A-C (1-3). Compound 1 exhibits no antiproliferative or cytotoxic effects against human prostate (PC-3), colorectal (HCT-116), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. An in silico docking study confirmed the hypothesis that purpurascenine A (1) could bind to the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor's active site. A new functional 5-HT2A receptor activation assay showed no functional agonistic but some antagonistic effects of 1 against the 5-HT-dependent 5-HT2A activation and likely antagonistic effects on putative constitutive activity of the 5-HT2A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T H Lam
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuanthuy, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Jana Hoppe
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Quang N Dang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuanthuy, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alena Soboleva
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert Rennert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Hansen CC, Sørensen M, Bellucci M, Brandt W, Olsen CE, Goodger JQD, Woodrow IE, Lindberg Møller B, Neilson EHJ. Recruitment of distinct UDP-glycosyltransferase families demonstrates dynamic evolution of chemical defense within Eucalyptus L'Hér. New Phytol 2023; 237:999-1013. [PMID: 36305250 PMCID: PMC10107851 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The economic and ecologically important genus Eucalyptus is rich in structurally diverse specialized metabolites. While some specialized metabolite classes are highly prevalent across the genus, the cyanogenic glucoside prunasin is only produced by c. 3% of species. To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms behind prunasin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus, we compared de novo assembled transcriptomes, together with online resources between cyanogenic and acyanogenic species. Identified genes were characterized in vivo and in vitro. Pathway characterization of cyanogenic Eucalyptus camphora and Eucalyptus yarraensis showed for the first time that the final glucosylation step from mandelonitrile to prunasin is catalyzed by a novel UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT87. This step is typically catalyzed by a member of the UGT85 family, including in Eucalyptus cladocalyx. The upstream conversion of phenylalanine to mandelonitrile is catalyzed by three cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes from the CYP79, CYP706, and CYP71 families, as previously shown. Analysis of acyanogenic Eucalyptus species revealed the loss of different ortholog prunasin biosynthetic genes. The recruitment of UGTs from different families for prunasin biosynthesis in Eucalyptus demonstrates important pathway heterogeneities and unprecedented dynamic pathway evolution of chemical defense within a single genus. Overall, this study provides relevant insights into the tremendous adaptability of these long-lived trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Cetti Hansen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Matteo Bellucci
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Production and Characterization PlatformUniversity of Copenhagen2200CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz‐Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle06120Germany
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | - Ian E. Woodrow
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.3052Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Elizabeth H. J. Neilson
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark
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Fobofou SAT, Franke K, Brandt W, Manzin A, Madeddu S, Serreli G, Sanna G, Wessjohann LA. Bichromonol, a dimeric coumarin with anti-HIV activity from the stem bark of Hypericum roeperianum. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1947-1953. [PMID: 35959682 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by viruses like HIV and SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pose serious public health threats. In search for new antiviral small molecules from chemically underexplored Hypericum species, a previously undescribed atropisomeric C8-C8' linked dimeric coumarin named bichromonol (1) was isolated from the stem bark of Hypericum roeperianum. The structure was elucidated by MS data and NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configuration at the biaryl axis was determined by comparing the experimental ECD spectrum with those calculated for the respective atropisomers. Bichromonol was tested in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity against MT-4 (CC50 = 54 µM) cells and anti-HIV activity in infected MT-4 cells. It exhibits significant activity at EC50 = 6.6-12.0 µM against HIV-1 wild type and its clinically relevant mutant strains. Especially, against the resistant variants A17 and EFVR, bichromonol is more effective than the commercial drug nevirapine and might thus have potential to serve as a new anti-HIV lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A T Fobofou
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
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5
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Fu N, Becker T, Brandt W, Kunert M, Burse A, Boland W. Involvement of CYP347W1 in neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid-based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae. Insect Sci 2022; 29:453-466. [PMID: 34235855 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chrysomelina beetlesstore 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pretoxin, isoxazolin-5-one glucoside-conjugated ester, to protect themselves against predators. Here we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP347W1, to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester. Knocking down CYP347W1 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval hemolymph. Enzyme assays with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed free β-alanine was not the direct substrate. Homology modeling indicated that β-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1's active site. Furthermore, we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo synthesize 3-NPA, although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-NPA-conjugated ester are present in the eggs. These results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a P. cochleariae chemical defense compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Fu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tobias Becker
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Ernst Abbe Hochschule Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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6
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Naumann C, Heisters M, Brandt W, Janitza P, Alfs C, Tang N, Toto Nienguesso A, Ziegler J, Imre R, Mechtler K, Dagdas Y, Hoehenwarter W, Sawers G, Quint M, Abel S. Bacterial-type ferroxidase tunes iron-dependent phosphate sensing during Arabidopsis root development. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2189-2205.e6. [PMID: 35472311 PMCID: PMC9168544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Access to inorganic phosphate (Pi), a principal intermediate of energy and nucleotide metabolism, profoundly affects cellular activities and plant performance. In most soils, antagonistic Pi-metal interactions restrict Pi bioavailability, which guides local root development to maximize Pi interception. Growing root tips scout the essential but immobile mineral nutrient; however, the mechanisms monitoring external Pi status are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT 1 (LPR1), one key determinant of Fe-dependent Pi sensing in root meristems, encodes a novel ferroxidase of high substrate specificity and affinity (apparent KM ∼ 2 μM Fe2+). LPR1 typifies an ancient, Fe-oxidizing multicopper protein family that evolved early upon bacterial land colonization. The ancestor of streptophyte algae and embryophytes (land plants) acquired LPR1-type ferroxidase from soil bacteria via horizontal gene transfer, a hypothesis supported by phylogenomics, homology modeling, and biochemistry. Our molecular and kinetic data on LPR1 regulation indicate that Pi-dependent Fe substrate availability determines LPR1 activity and function. Guided by the metabolic lifestyle of extant sister bacterial genera, we propose that Arabidopsis LPR1 monitors subtle concentration differentials of external Fe availability as a Pi-dependent cue to adjust root meristem maintenance via Fe redox signaling and cell wall modification. We further hypothesize that the acquisition of bacterial LPR1-type ferroxidase by embryophyte progenitors facilitated the evolution of local Pi sensing and acquisition during plant terrestrialization. Arabidopsis thaliana LPR1 multicopper oxidase typifies a novel ferroxidase cohort Fe availability tunes LPR1-dependent root responses to phosphate (Pi) limitation LPR1 specificity links Fe-Pi interactions to root Pi sensing via redox cycling Streptophyte ancestors acquired LPR1-type ferroxidase from soil bacteria by HGT
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7
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Junior L, Baroudi K, Barroso LS, Miranda M, Vitti R, Brandt W. Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to dentin using different adhesion protocols. J Clin Exp Dent 2022; 14:e35-e39. [PMID: 35070122 PMCID: PMC8760965 DOI: 10.4317/jced.59043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lam YTH, Ricardo MG, Rennert R, Frolov A, Porzel A, Brandt W, Stark P, Westermann B, Arnold N. Rare Glutamic Acid Methyl Ester Peptaibols from Sepedonium ampullosporum Damon KSH 534 Exhibit Promising Antifungal and Anticancer Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312718. [PMID: 34884518 PMCID: PMC8657771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal species of genus Sepedonium are rich sources of diverse secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, peptaibols), which exhibit variable biological activities. Herein, two new peptaibols, named ampullosporin F (1) and ampullosporin G (2), together with five known compounds, ampullosporin A (3), peptaibolin (4), chrysosporide (5), c(Trp-Ser) (6) and c(Trp-Ala) (7), have been isolated from the culture of Sepedonium ampullosporum Damon strain KSH534. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated based on ESI-HRMSn experiments and intense 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The sequence of ampullosporin F (1) was determined to be Ac-Trp1-Ala2-Aib3-Aib4-Leu5-Aib6-Gln7-Aib8-Aib9-Aib10-GluOMe11-Leu12-Aib13-Gln14-Leuol15, while ampullosporin G (2) differs from 1 by exchanging the position of Gln7 with GluOMe11. Furthermore, the total synthesis of 1 and 2 was carried out on solid-phase to confirm the absolute configuration of all chiral amino acids as L. In addition, ampullosporin F (1) and G (2) showed significant antifungal activity against B. cinerea and P. infestans, but were inactive against S. tritici. Cell viability assays using human prostate (PC-3) and colorectal (HT-29) cancer cells confirmed potent anticancer activities of 1 and 2. Furthermore, a molecular docking study was performed in silico as an attempt to explain the structure-activity correlation of the characteristic ampullosporins (1–3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T. H. Lam
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Manuel G. Ricardo
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert Rennert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Pauline Stark
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.T.H.L.); (M.G.R.); (R.R.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (W.B.); (P.S.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5582-1310
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Zabel S, Brandt W, Porzel A, Athmer B, Bennewitz S, Schäfer P, Kortbeek R, Bleeker P, Tissier A. A single cytochrome P450 oxidase from Solanum habrochaites sequentially oxidizes 7-epi-zingiberene to derivatives toxic to whiteflies and various microorganisms. Plant J 2021; 105:1309-1325. [PMID: 33617106 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Secretions from glandular trichomes potentially protect plants against a variety of aggressors. In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, glandular trichomes of wild species produce a rich source of chemical diversity at the leaf surface. Previously, 7-epi-zingiberene produced in several accessions of Solanum habrochaites was found to confer resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and other insect pests. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of 9-hydroxy-zingiberene (9HZ) and 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene (9H10epoZ), two derivatives of 7-epi-zingiberene produced in glandular trichomes of S. habrochaites LA2167. Using a combination of transcriptomics and genetics, we identified a gene coding for a cytochrome P450 oxygenase, ShCYP71D184, that is highly expressed in trichomes and co-segregates with the presence of the zingiberene derivatives. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that ShCYP71D184 carries out two successive oxidations to generate 9HZ and 9H10epoZ. Bioactivity assays showed that 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene in particular exhibits substantial toxicity against B. tabaci and various microorganisms including Phytophthora infestans and Botrytis cinerea. Our work shows that trichome secretions from wild tomato species can provide protection against a wide variety of organisms. In addition, the availability of the genes encoding the enzymes for the pathway of 7-epi-zingiberene derivatives makes it possible to introduce this trait in cultivated tomato by precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zabel
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
- IDT Biologika Deutschland, Am Pharmapark, Dessau-Rosslau, 06861, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Benedikt Athmer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Stefan Bennewitz
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Petra Schäfer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Ruy Kortbeek
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Bleeker
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
- VERROVACCiNES GmbH, Blücherstraße 26, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
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Lemfack MC, Brandt W, Krüger K, Gurowietz A, Djifack J, Jung JP, Hopf M, Noack H, Junker B, von Reuß S, Piechulla B. Reaction mechanism of the farnesyl pyrophosphate C-methyltransferase towards the biosynthesis of pre-sodorifen pyrophosphate by Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3182. [PMID: 33542330 PMCID: PMC7862628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical terpenoid biosynthesis involves the cyclization of the linear prenyl pyrophosphate precursors geranyl-, farnesyl-, or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GPP, FPP, GGPP) and their isomers, to produce a huge number of natural compounds. Recently, it was shown for the first time that the biosynthesis of the unique homo-sesquiterpene sodorifen by Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13 involves a methylated and cyclized intermediate as the substrate of the sodorifen synthase. To further support the proposed biosynthetic pathway, we now identified the cyclic prenyl pyrophosphate intermediate pre-sodorifen pyrophosphate (PSPP). Its absolute configuration (6R,7S,9S) was determined by comparison of calculated and experimental CD-spectra of its hydrolysis product and matches with those predicted by semi-empirical quantum calculations of the reaction mechanism. In silico modeling of the reaction mechanism of the FPP C-methyltransferase (FPPMT) revealed a SN2 mechanism for the methyl transfer followed by a cyclization cascade. The cyclization of FPP to PSPP is guided by a catalytic dyad of H191 and Y39 and involves an unprecedented cyclopropyl intermediate. W46, W306, F56, and L239 form the hydrophobic binding pocket and E42 and H45 complex a magnesium cation that interacts with the diphosphate moiety of FPP. Six additional amino acids turned out to be essential for product formation and the importance of these amino acids was subsequently confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. Our results reveal the reaction mechanism involved in methyltransferase-catalyzed cyclization and demonstrate that this coupling of C-methylation and cyclization of FPP by the FPPMT represents an alternative route of terpene biosynthesis that could increase the terpenoid diversity and structural space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chantal Lemfack
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - Katja Krüger
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gurowietz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinberg 10, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jacky Djifack
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,PIMAN Consultants, 12 Rue Barthelemy Danjou, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jan-Philip Jung
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marius Hopf
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Duale Hochschule Gera-Eisenach, Weg der Freundschaft 4, 07546, Gera, Germany
| | - Heiko Noack
- Institute of Pharmacy/Biosynthesis of Active Substances, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Björn Junker
- Institute of Pharmacy/Biosynthesis of Active Substances, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan von Reuß
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Abstract
The recently described flavin-dependent halogenase BrvH is able to catalyse both the bromination and chlorination of indole, but shows significantly higher bromination activity. BrvH was annotated as a tryptophan halogenase, but does not accept tryptophan as a substrate. Its native substrate remains unknown. A predictive model with the data available for BrvH was analysed. A training set of compounds tested in vitro was docked into the active site of a complete protein model based on the X-ray structure of BrvH. The atoms not resolved experimentally were modelled by using molecular mechanics force fields to obtain this protein model. Furthermore, docking poses for the substrates and known non-substrates have been calculated. Parameters like distance, partial charge and hybridization state were analysed to derive rules for predicting activity. With this model for activity of the BrvH, a virtual screening suggested several structures for potential substrates. Some of the compounds preselected in this way were tested in vitro, and several could be verified as convertible substrates. Based on information on halogenated natural products, a new dataset was created to specifically search for natural products as substrates/products, and virtual screening in this database yielded further hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia R. Neubauer
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 2533501BielefeldGermany
| | - Silke Pienkny
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry (IPB)Weinberg 306120HalleGermany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry (IPB)Weinberg 306120HalleGermany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry (IPB)Weinberg 306120HalleGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstrasse 2533501BielefeldGermany
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12
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Jouda JB, Njoya EM, Fobofou SAT, Zhou ZY, Qiang Z, Mbazoa CD, Brandt W, Zhang GL, Wandji J, Wang F. Natural Polyketides Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. CAM212 with a Semisynthetic Derivative Downregulating the ERK/IκBα Signaling Pathways. Planta Med 2020; 86:1032-1042. [PMID: 32757200 DOI: 10.1055/a-1212-2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed natural products, phomopsinin A - C (1: - 3: ), together with three known compounds, namely, cis-hydroxymellein (4: ), phomoxanthone A (5: ) and cytochalasin L-696,474 (6: ), were isolated from the solid culture of Phomopsis sp. CAM212, an endophytic fungus obtained from Garcinia xanthochymus. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, including IR, NMR, and MS. The absolute configurations of 1: and 2: were assigned by comparing their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Acetylation of compound 1: yielded 1A: , a new natural product derivative that was tested together with other isolated compounds on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cytochalasin L-696,474 (6: ) was found to significantly inhibit nitric oxide production, but was highly cytotoxic to the treated cells, whereas compound 1: slightly inhibited nitric oxide production, which was not significantly different compared to lipopolysaccharide-treated cells. Remarkably, the acetylated derivative of 1: , compound 1A: , significantly inhibited nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 14.8 µM and no cytotoxic effect on treated cells, thereby showing the importance of the acetyl group in the anti-inflammatory activity of 1A: . The study of the mechanism of action revealed that 1A: decreases the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 without an effect on IL-1β expression. Moreover, it was found that 1A: exerts its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by downregulating the activation of ERK1/2 and by preventing the translocation of nuclear factor κB. Thus, derivatives of phomopsinin A (1: ), such as compound 1A: , could provide new anti-inflammatory leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bosco Jouda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Serge Alain Tanemossu Fobofou
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Zong Yuan Zhou
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Céline Djama Mbazoa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guo-Lin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jean Wandji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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13
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Holzmeyer L, Hartig AK, Franke K, Brandt W, Muellner-Riehl AN, Wessjohann LA, Schnitzler J. Evaluation of plant sources for antiinfective lead compound discovery by correlating phylogenetic, spatial, and bioactivity data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12444-12451. [PMID: 32393619 PMCID: PMC7275773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915277117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and viral diseases are rising around the world and are becoming major threats to global health, food security, and development. One measure that has been suggested to mitigate this crisis is the development of new antibiotics. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns of antiinfective compounds from seed plants in one of the most species-rich regions on Earth and identify clades with naturally occurring substances potentially suitable for the development of new pharmaceutical compounds. Specifically, we combine taxonomic and phylogenetic data for >7,500 seed plant species from the flora of Java with >16,500 secondary metabolites and 6,255 georeferenced occurrence records to 1) identify clades in the phylogeny that are characterized by either an overrepresentation ("hot clades") or an underrepresentation ("cold clades") of antiinfective compounds and 2) assess the spatial patterns of plants with antiinfective compounds relative to total plant diversity across the region. Across the flora of Java, we identify 26 "hot clades" with plant species providing a high probability of finding antibiotic constituents. In addition, 24 "cold clades" constitute lineages with low numbers of reported activities but which have the potential to yield novel compounds. Spatial patterns of plant species and metabolite diversity are strongly correlated across Java, indicating that regions of highest species diversity afford the highest potential to discover novel natural products. Our results indicate that the combination of phylogenetic, spatial, and phytochemical information is a useful tool to guide the selection of taxa for efforts aimed at lead compound discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Holzmeyer
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Hartig
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexandra N Muellner-Riehl
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Schnitzler
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Schnabel A, Cotinguiba F, Athmer B, Yang C, Westermann B, Schaks A, Porzel A, Brandt W, Schumacher F, Vogt T. A piperic acid CoA ligase produces a putative precursor of piperine, the pungent principle from black pepper fruits. Plant J 2020; 102:569-581. [PMID: 31837062 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is known for its high content of piperine, a cinnamoyl amide derivative regarded as largely responsible for the pungent taste of this widely used spice. Despite its long history and worldwide use, the biosynthesis of piperine and related amides has been enigmatic up to now. In this report we describe a specific piperic acid CoA ligase from immature green fruits of P. nigrum. The corresponding enzyme was cloned and functionally expressed in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme displays a high specificity for piperic acid and does not accept the structurally related feruperic acid characterized by a similar C-2 extension of the general C6-C3 phenylpropanoid structure. The enzyme is also inactive with the standard set of hydroxycinnamic acids tested including caffeic acid, 4-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid. Substrate specificity is corroborated by in silico modelling that suggests a perfect fit for the substrate piperic acid to the active site of the piperic acid CoA ligase. The CoA ligase gene shows its highest expression levels in immature green fruits, is also expressed in leaves and flowers, but not in roots. Virus-induced gene silencing provided some preliminary indications that the production of piperoyl-CoA is required for the biosynthesis of piperine in black pepper fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Schnabel
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Fernando Cotinguiba
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais (IPPN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil
| | - Benedikt Athmer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Angela Schaks
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Schumacher
- Core Facility Vienna Botanical Gardens, Rennweg 14/2, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany
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15
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Sheludko YV, Volk J, Brandt W, Warzecha H. Expanding the Diversity of Plant Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Employing Human Cytochrome P450 3A4. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1976-1980. [PMID: 32181956 PMCID: PMC7496586 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human drug‐metabolizing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) have enormous substrate promiscuity; this makes them promising tools for the expansion of natural product diversity. Here, we used CYP3A4 for the targeted diversification of a plant biosynthetic route leading to monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. In silico, in vitro and in planta studies proved that CYP3A4 was able to convert the indole alkaloid vinorine into vomilenine, the former being one of the central intermediates in the ajmaline pathway in the medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. However, to a much larger extent, the investigated conversion yielded vinorine (19R,20R)‐epoxide, a new metabolite with an epoxide functional group that is rare for indole alkaloids. The described work represents a successful example of combinatorial biosynthesis towards an increase in biodiversity of natural metabolites. Moreover, characterisation of the products of the in vitro and in planta transformation of potential pharmaceuticals with human CYPs might be indicative of the route of their conversion in the human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V Sheludko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3-5, 64285, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jascha Volk
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3-5, 64285, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3-5, 64285, Darmstadt, Germany
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16
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Fellenberg C, Corea O, Yan LH, Archinuk F, Piirtola EM, Gordon H, Reichelt M, Brandt W, Wulff J, Ehlting J, Peter Constabel C. Discovery of salicyl benzoate UDP-glycosyltransferase, a central enzyme in poplar salicinoid phenolic glycoside biosynthesis. Plant J 2020; 102:99-115. [PMID: 31736216 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The salicinoids are anti-herbivore phenolic glycosides unique to the Salicaceae (Populus and Salix). They consist of a salicyl alcohol glucoside core, which is usually further acylated with benzoic, cinnamic or phenolic acids. While salicinoid structures are well known, their biosynthesis remains enigmatic. Recently, two enzymes from poplar, salicyl alcohol benzoyl transferase and benzyl alcohol benzoyl transferase, were shown to catalyze the production of salicyl benzoate, a predicted potential intermediate in salicinoid biosynthesis. Here, we used transcriptomics and co-expression analysis with these two genes to identify two UDP-glucose-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGT71L1 and UGT78M1) as candidate enzymes in this pathway. Both recombinant enzymes accepted only salicyl benzoate, salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid as glucose acceptors. Knocking out the UGT71L1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in poplar hairy root cultures led to the complete loss of salicortin, tremulacin and tremuloidin, and a partial reduction of salicin content. This demonstrated that UGT71L1 is required for synthesis of the major salicinoids, and suggested that an additional route can lead to salicin. CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts for UGT78M1 were not successful, and its in vivo role thus remains to be determined. Although it has a similar substrate preference and predicted structure as UGT71L1, it appears not to contribute to the synthesis of salicortin, tremulacin and tremuloidin, at least in roots. The demonstration of UGT71L1 as an enzyme of salicinoid biosynthesis will open up new avenues for the elucidation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Fellenberg
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oliver Corea
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lok-Hang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Finn Archinuk
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eerik-Mikael Piirtola
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harley Gordon
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Jeremy Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jürgen Ehlting
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Peter Constabel
- Centre for Forest Biology and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Vasco AV, Moya CG, Gröger S, Brandt W, Balbach J, Pérez CS, Wessjohann LA, Rivera DG. Insights into the secondary structures of lactam N-substituted stapled peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3838-3842. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NMR and CD studies together with molecular dynamics simulation reveal new insights into the s-cis/s-trans isomerism and the effect of the lactam bridge N-substituent on the secondary structure of stapled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldrin V. Vasco
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Celia G. Moya
- Center for Natural Products Research
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Havana
- Havana
- Cuba
| | - Stefan Gröger
- Institute of Physics/Biophysics and Center for Structural and Dynamics of Proteins
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Jochen Balbach
- Institute of Physics/Biophysics and Center for Structural and Dynamics of Proteins
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Germany
| | - Carlos S. Pérez
- Center for Natural Products Research
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Havana
- Havana
- Cuba
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
| | - Daniel G. Rivera
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry
- Halle/Saale
- Germany
- Center for Natural Products Research
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18
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Fu N, Yang ZL, Pauchet Y, Paetz C, Brandt W, Boland W, Burse A. A cytochrome P450 from the mustard leaf beetles hydroxylates geraniol, a key step in iridoid biosynthesis. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 113:103212. [PMID: 31425853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae synthesize the iridoid chysomelidial via the mevalonate pathway to repel predators. The normal terpenoid biosynthesis is integrated into the dedicated defensive pathway by the ω-hydroxylation of geraniol to (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diol (ω-OH-geraniol). Here we identify and characterize the P450 monooxygenase CYP6BH5 as the geraniol hydroxylase using integrated transcriptomics, proteomics and RNA interference (RNAi). In the fat body, 73 cytochrome P450s were identified, and CYP6BH5 was among those that were expressed specifically in fat body. Double stranded RNA mediated knockdown of CYP6BH5 led to a significant reduction of ω-hydroxygeraniol glucoside in the hemolymph and, later, of the chrysomelidial in the defensive secretion. Heterologously expressed CYP6BH5 converted geraniol to ω-OH-geraniol. In addition to geraniol, CYP6BH5 also catalyzes hydroxylation of other monoterpenols, such as nerol and citronellol to the corresponding α,ω-dihydroxy compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Fu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Zhi-Ling Yang
- Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Yannick Pauchet
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany; Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Ernst Abbe Hochschule Jena, Carl Zeiss Promenade 2, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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19
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Lam YTH, Palfner G, Lima C, Porzel A, Brandt W, Frolov A, Sultani H, Franke K, Wagner C, Merzweiler K, Wessjohann LA, Arnold N. Nor-guanacastepene pigments from the Chilean mushroom Cortinarius pyromyxa. Phytochemistry 2019; 165:112048. [PMID: 31229789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the pigment composition of basidiocarps from the Chilean mushroom Cortinarius pyromyxa was studied under various aspects like phylogeny, chemistry and antibiotic activity. A molecular biological study supports the monotypic position of C. pyromyxa in subgenus Myxacium, genus Cortinarius. Four undescribed diterpenoids, named pyromyxones A-D, were isolated from fruiting bodies of C. pyromyxa. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on comprehensive one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis, ESI-HRMS measurements, as well as X-ray crystallography. In addition, the absolute configurations of pyromyxones A-D were established with the aid of JH,H, NOESY spectra and quantum chemical CD calculation. The pyromyxones A-D possess the undescribed nor-guanacastane skeleton. Tested pyromyxones A, B, and D exhibit only weak activity against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Aliivibrio fischeri as well as the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea, Septoria tritici and Phytophthora infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T H Lam
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Götz Palfner
- Departamento de Botanica, Facultad de CienciasNaturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Celia Lima
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de CienciasBiológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany; St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sredny Prospekt V.O. 41, 199004, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Haider Sultani
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kurt Merzweiler
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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20
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Francioso A, Franke K, Villani C, Mosca L, D'Erme M, Frischbutter S, Brandt W, Sanchez-Lamar A, Wessjohann L. Insights into the Phytochemistry of the Cuban Endemic Medicinal Plant Phyllanthus orbicularis: Fideloside, a Novel Bioactive 8- C-glycosyl 2,3-Dihydroflavonol. Molecules 2019; 24:E2855. [PMID: 31390787 PMCID: PMC6695706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus orbicularis (Phyllanthaceae) is an endemic evergreen tropical plant of Cuba that grows in the western part of the island and is used in traditional medicine as an infusion. The aqueous extract of this plant presents a wide range of pharmacological activitiessuch as antimutagenic, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Given the many beneficial effects and the great interest in the development of new pharmacological products from natural sources, the aim of this work was to investigate the phytochemistry of this species and to elucidate the structure of the main bioactive principles. Besides the presence of several known polyphenols, the major constituent was hitherto not described. The chemical structure of this compound, here named Fideloside, was elucidated by means of HR-ESIMS/MSn, 1D/2D NMR, FT-IR, and ECD as (2R,3R)-(-)-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside. The compound, as well as the plant aqueous preparations, showed promising bioactive properties, i.e., anti-inflammatory capacity in human explanted monocytes, corroborating future pharmacological use for this new natural C-glycosyl flavanonol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 10 200 La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudio Villani
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria D'Erme
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Angel Sanchez-Lamar
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 10 200 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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21
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Eisenschmidt‐Bönn D, Schneegans N, Backenköhler A, Wittstock U, Brandt W. Structural diversification during glucosinolate breakdown: mechanisms of thiocyanate, epithionitrile and simple nitrile formation. Plant J 2019; 99:329-343. [PMID: 30900313 PMCID: PMC6850609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolism is characterized by an impressive structural diversity. Here, we have addressed the mechanisms underlying structural diversification upon damage-induced activation of glucosinolates, a group of thioglucosides found in the Brassicales. The classical pathway of glucosinolate activation involves myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis and rearrangement of the aglucone to an isothiocyanate. Plants of the Brassicaceae possess specifier proteins, i.e. non-heme iron proteins that promote the formation of alternative products by interfering with this reaction through unknown mechanisms. We have used structural information available for the thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense (TaTFP), to test the impact of loops protruding at one side of its β-propeller structure on product formation using the allylglucosinolate aglucone as substrate. In silico loop structure sampling and semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations identified a 3L2 loop conformation that enabled the Fe2+ cofactor to interact with the double bond of the allyl side chain. Only this arrangement enabled the formation of allylthiocyanate, a specific product of TaTFP. Simulation of 3,4-epithiobutane nitrile formation, the second known product of TaTFP, required an alternative substrate docking arrangement in which Fe2+ interacts with the aglucone thiolate. In agreement with these results, substitution of 3L2 amino acid residues involved in the conformational change as well as exchange of critical amino acid residues of neighboring loops affected the allylthiocyanate versus epithionitrile proportion obtained upon myrosinase-catalyzed allylglucosinolate hydrolysis in the presence of TaTFP in vitro. Based on these insights, we propose that specifier proteins are catalysts that might be classified as Fe2+ -dependent lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Eisenschmidt‐Bönn
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Nicola Schneegans
- Institute of Pharmaceutical BiologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigMendelssohnstr. 138106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Anita Backenköhler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical BiologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigMendelssohnstr. 138106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ute Wittstock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical BiologyTechnische Universität BraunschweigMendelssohnstr. 138106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120Halle (Saale)Germany
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22
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Loesche A, Kahnt M, Serbian I, Brandt W, Csuk R. Triterpene-Based Carboxamides Act as Good Inhibitors of Butyrylcholinesterase. Molecules 2019; 24:E948. [PMID: 30866589 PMCID: PMC6429507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of overall 40 carboxamides was prepared from five different natural occurring triterpenoids including oleanolic, ursolic, maslinic, betulinic, and platanic acid. All of which were derived from ethylene diamine holding an additional substituent connected to the ethylene diamine group. These derivatives were evaluated regarding their inhibitory activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) employing Ellman's assay. We further determined the type of inhibition and inhibition constants. Carboxamides derived from platanic acid have been shown to be potent and selective BChE inhibitors. Especially the mixed-type inhibitor (3β)-N-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)-3-acetyloxy-20-oxo-30-norlupan-28-amide (35) showed a remarkably low Ki of 0.07 ± 0.01 µM (Ki' = 2.38 ± 0.48 µM) for the inhibition of BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Loesche
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Michael Kahnt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Immo Serbian
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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23
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Vattekkatte A, Garms S, Brandt W, Boland W. Enhanced structural diversity in terpenoid biosynthesis: enzymes, substrates and cofactors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:348-362. [PMID: 29296983 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The enormous diversity of terpenes found in nature is generated by enzymes known as terpene synthases, or cyclases. Some are also known for their ability to convert a single substrate into multiple products. This review comprises monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases that are multiproduct in nature along with the regulation factors that can alter the product specificity of multiproduct terpene synthases without genetic mutations. Variations in specific assay conditions with focus on shifts in product specificity based on change in metal cofactors, assay pH and substrate geometry are described. Alterations in these simple cellular conditions provide the organism with enhanced chemodiversity without investing into new enzymatic architecture. This versatility to modulate product diversity grants organisms, especially immobile ones like plants with access to an enhanced defensive repertoire by simply altering cofactors, pH level and substrate geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abith Vattekkatte
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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24
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Schüler JA, Neumann S, Müller-Hannemann M, Brandt W. ChemFrag: Chemically meaningful annotation of fragment ion mass spectra. J Mass Spectrom 2018; 53:1104-1115. [PMID: 30103269 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Identification and structural determination of small molecules by mass spectrometry is an important step in chemistry and biochemistry. However, the chemically realistic annotation of a fragment ion spectrum can be a difficult challenge. We developed ChemFrag, for the detection of fragmentation pathways and the annotation of fragment ions with chemically reasonable structures. ChemFrag combines a quantum chemical with a rule-based approach. For different doping substances as test instances, ChemFrag correctly annotates fragment ions. In most cases, the predicted fragments are chemically more realistic than those from purely combinatorial approaches, or approaches based on machine learning. The annotation generated by ChemFrag often coincides with spectra that have been manually annotated by experts. This is a major advance in peak annotation and allows a more precise automatic interpretation of mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jördis-Ann Schüler
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Department of Stress and Development Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller-Hannemann
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
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25
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Lohmann JS, von Nussbaum M, Brandt W, Mülbradt J, Steglich W, Spiteller P. Rosellin A and B, two red diketopiperazine alkaloids from the mushroom Mycena rosella. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Wang D, Pentzold S, Kunert M, Groth M, Brandt W, Pasteels JM, Boland W, Burse A. A subset of chemosensory genes differs between two populations of a specialized leaf beetle after host plant shift. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8055-8075. [PMID: 30250684 PMCID: PMC6145003 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its fundamental role in shaping host selection behavior, we have analyzed the chemosensory repertoire of Chrysomela lapponica. This specialized leaf beetle evolved distinct populations which shifted from the ancestral host plant, willow (Salix sp., Salicaceae), to birch (Betula rotundifolia, Betulaceae). We identified 114 chemosensory candidate genes in adult C. lapponica: 41 olfactory receptors (ORs), eight gustatory receptors, 17 ionotropic receptors, four sensory neuron membrane proteins, 32 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 12 chemosensory proteins (CSP) by RNA-seq. Differential expression analyses in the antennae revealed significant upregulation of one minus-C OBP (Clap OBP27) and one CSP (Clap CSP12) in the willow feeders. In contrast, one OR (Clap OR17), four minus-C OBPs (Clap OBP02, 07, 13, 20), and one plus-C OBP (Clap OBP32) were significantly upregulated in birch feeders. The differential expression pattern in the legs was more complex. To narrow down putative ligands acting as cues for host discrimination, the relative abundance and diversity of volatiles of the two host plant species were analyzed. In addition to salicylaldehyde (willow-specific), both plant species differed mainly in their emission rate of terpenoids such as (E,E)-α-farnesene (high in willow) or 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (high in birch). Qualitatively, the volatiles were similar between willow and birch leaves constituting an "olfactory bridge" for the beetles. Subsequent structural modeling of the three most differentially expressed OBPs and docking studies using 22 host volatiles indicated that ligands bind with varying affinity. We suggest that the evolution of particularly minus-C OBPs and ORs in C. lapponica facilitated its host plant shift via chemosensation of the phytochemicals from birch as novel host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Stefan Pentzold
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann InstituteJenaGermany
| | | | | | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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27
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Wiemann J, Karasch J, Loesche A, Heller L, Brandt W, Csuk R. Piperlongumine B and analogs are promising and selective inhibitors for acetylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:222-231. [PMID: 28802122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Piperlongumine B (19), an alkaloid previously isolated from long pepper (Piper longum) has been synthesized for the first time in a short sequence and in good yield together with 19 analogs. Screening of these compounds in Ellman's assays showed several of them to be good inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase while being less active for butyrylcholinesterase. Activity of the compounds increased with the ring size of the heterocycle, and a maximum of activity was observed for an analog holding 12 methylene groups in the aliphatic side chain. These compounds may be regarded as promising candidates for the development of efficient inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase being useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wiemann
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Karasch
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Loesche
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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28
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Cotrim CA, Weidner A, Strehmel N, Bisol TB, Meyer D, Brandt W, Wessjohann LA, Stubbs MT. A Distinct Aromatic Prenyltransferase Associated with the Futalosine Pathway. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. Cotrim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Annett Weidner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Nadine Strehmel
- Stress and Developmental Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
| | - Tula B. Bisol
- Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Danilo Meyer
- Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Bioorganic Chemistry; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Milton T. Stubbs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
- ZIK HALOmem; Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3 06120 Halle/Saale Germany
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29
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Bilova T, Paudel G, Shilyaev N, Schmidt R, Brauch D, Tarakhovskaya E, Milrud S, Smolikova G, Tissier A, Vogt T, Sinz A, Brandt W, Birkemeyer C, Wessjohann LA, Frolov A. Global proteomic analysis of advanced glycation end products in the Arabidopsis proteome provides evidence for age-related glycation hot spots. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15758-15776. [PMID: 28611063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a post-translational modification resulting from the interaction of protein amino and guanidino groups with carbonyl compounds. Initially, amino groups react with reducing carbohydrates, yielding Amadori and Heyns compounds. Their further degradation results in formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), also originating from α-dicarbonyl products of monosaccharide autoxidation and primary metabolism. In mammals, AGEs are continuously formed during the life of the organism, accumulate in tissues, are well-known markers of aging, and impact age-related tissue stiffening and atherosclerotic changes. However, the role of AGEs in age-related molecular alterations in plants is still unknown. To fill this gap, we present here a comprehensive study of the age-related changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana glycated proteome, including the proteins affected and specific glycation sites therein. We also consider the qualitative and quantitative changes in glycation patterns in terms of the general metabolic background, pathways of AGE formation, and the status of plant anti-oxidative/anti-glycative defense. Although the patterns of glycated proteins were only minimally influenced by plant age, the abundance of 96 AGE sites in 71 proteins was significantly affected in an age-dependent manner and clearly indicated the existence of age-related glycation hot spots in the plant proteome. Homology modeling revealed glutamyl and aspartyl residues in close proximity (less than 5 Å) to these sites in three aging-specific and eight differentially glycated proteins, four of which were modified in catalytic domains. Thus, the sites of glycation hot spots might be defined by protein structure that indicates, at least partly, site-specific character of glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bilova
- From the Departments of Bioorganic Chemistry and .,the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.,the Departments of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and
| | - Gagan Paudel
- From the Departments of Bioorganic Chemistry and.,the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikita Shilyaev
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rico Schmidt
- the Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and
| | - Dominic Brauch
- the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.,the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Svetlana Milrud
- the Departments of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and.,Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alain Tissier
- Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- the Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and
| | | | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrej Frolov
- From the Departments of Bioorganic Chemistry and .,the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Natalio F, Wiese S, Brandt W, Wessjohann L. Reconstitution of Vanadium Haloperoxidase's Catalytic Activity by Boric Acid-Towards a Potential Biocatalytic Role of Boron. Chemistry 2017; 23:4973-4980. [PMID: 28248430 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Boron's unusual properties inspired major advances in chemistry. In nature, the existence and importance of boron has been fairly explored (e.g. bacterial signaling, plant development) but its role as biological catalyst was never reported. Here, we show that boric acid [B(OH)3 ] can restore chloroperoxidase activity of Curvularia inaequalis recombinant apo-haloperoxidase's (HPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions. Molecular modeling and semi-empirical PM7 calculations support a thermodynamically highly favored (bio)catalytic mechanism similarly to vanadium haloperoxidases (V-HPO) in which [B(OH)3 ] is assumedly located in apo-HPO's active site and a monoperoxyborate [B(OH)3 (OOH)- ] intermediate is formed and stabilized by interaction with specific active site amino acids leading ultimately to the formation of HOCl. Thus, B(OH)3 -HPO provides the first evidence towards the future exploitation of boron's role in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Natalio
- Kimmel Center for Archaeological Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Institut für Chemie-Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wiese
- Institut für Chemie-Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II-Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, Germany
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Otto A, Porzel A, Westermann B, Brandt W, Wessjohann L, Arnold N. Structural and stereochemical elucidation of new hygrophorones from Hygrophorus abieticola (Basidiomycetes). Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rissel D, Heym PP, Thor K, Brandt W, Wessjohann LA, Peiter E. No Silver Bullet - Canonical Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases (PARPs) Are No Universal Factors of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28220129 PMCID: PMC5292411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stress can have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity. Hence, there is a substantial demand for key factors of stress responses to improve yield stability of crops. Members of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) protein family, which post-translationally modify (PARylate) nuclear proteins, have been suggested as such universal determinants of plant stress responses. A role under abiotic stress has been inferred from studies in which a genetic or, more commonly, pharmacological inhibition of PARP activity improved the performance of stressed plants. To further elucidate the role of PARP proteins under stress, T-DNA knockout mutants for the three Arabidopsis thaliana PARP genes were subjected to drought, osmotic, salt, and oxidative stress. To exclude a functional redundancy, which was indicated by a transcriptional upregulation of the remaining parp genes, a parp triple mutant was generated. Surprisingly, parp mutant plants did not differ from wild type plants in any of these stress experiments, independent from the number of PARP genes mutated. The parp triple mutant was also analyzed for callose formation in response to the pathogenassociated molecular pattern flg22. Unexpectedly, callose formation was unaltered in the mutant, albeit pharmacological PARP inhibition robustly blocked this immune response, confirming previous reports. Evidently, pharmacological inhibition appears to be more robust than the abolition of all PARP genes, indicating the presence of so-far undescribed proteins with PARP activity. This was supported by the finding that protein PARylation was not absent, but even increased in the parp triple mutant. Candidates for novel PARP-inhibitor targets may be found in the SRO protein family. These proteins harbor a catalytic PARP-like domain and are centrally involved in stress responses. Molecular modeling analyses, employing animal PARPs as templates, indeed indicated a capability of the SRO proteins RCD1 and SRO1 to bind nicotinamide-derived inhibitors. Collectively, the results of our study suggest that the stress-related phenotypes of parp mutants are highly conditional, and they call for a reconsideration of PARP inhibitor studies. In the context of this study, we also propose a unifying nomenclature of PARP genes and parp mutants, which is currently highly inconsistent and redundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Rissel
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Peter P. Heym
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kathrin Thor
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany
- Agrochemisches Institut Piesteritz e.V.Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Germany
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Loesche A, Wiese J, Sommerwerk S, Simon V, Brandt W, Csuk R. Repurposing N,N'-bis-(arylamidino)-1,4-piperazinedicarboxamidines: An unexpected class of potent inhibitors of cholinesterases. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:430-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Paudel G, Bilova T, Schmidt R, Greifenhagen U, Berger R, Tarakhovskaya E, Stöckhardt S, Balcke GU, Humbeck K, Brandt W, Sinz A, Vogt T, Birkemeyer C, Wessjohann L, Frolov A. Osmotic stress is accompanied by protein glycation in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:6283-6295. [PMID: 27856706 PMCID: PMC5181577 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Among the environmental alterations accompanying oncoming climate changes, drought is the most important factor influencing crop plant productivity. In plants, water deficit ultimately results in the development of oxidative stress and accumulation of osmolytes (e.g. amino acids and carbohydrates) in all tissues. Up-regulation of sugar biosynthesis in parallel to the increasing overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) might enhance protein glycation, i.e. interaction of carbonyl compounds, reducing sugars and α-dicarbonyls with lysyl and arginyl side-chains yielding early (Amadori and Heyns compounds) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Although the constitutive plant protein glycation patterns were characterized recently, the effects of environmental stress on AGE formation are unknown so far. To fill this gap, we present here a comprehensive in-depth study of the changes in Arabidopsis thaliana advanced glycated proteome related to osmotic stress. A 3 d application of osmotic stress revealed 31 stress-specifically and 12 differentially AGE-modified proteins, representing altogether 56 advanced glycation sites. Based on proteomic and metabolomic results, in combination with biochemical, enzymatic and gene expression analysis, we propose monosaccharide autoxidation as the main stress-related glycation mechanism, and glyoxal as the major glycation agent in plants subjected to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Paudel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rico Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Uta Greifenhagen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Berger
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stefanie Stöckhardt
- Department of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Balcke
- Department of Metabolic and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Metabolic and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Piechulla B, Bartelt R, Brosemann A, Effmert U, Bouwmeester H, Hippauf F, Brandt W. The α-Terpineol to 1,8-Cineole Cyclization Reaction of Tobacco Terpene Synthases. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:2120-2131. [PMID: 27729471 PMCID: PMC5129724 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Flowers of Nicotiana species emit a characteristic blend including the cineole cassette monoterpenes. This set of terpenes is synthesized by multiproduct enzymes, with either 1,8-cineole or α-terpineol contributing most to the volatile spectrum, thus referring to cineole or terpineol synthase, respectively. To understand the molecular and structural requirements of the enzymes that favor the biochemical formation of α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole, site-directed mutagenesis, in silico modeling, and semiempiric calculations were performed. Our results indicate the formation of α-terpineol by a nucleophilic attack of water. During this attack, the α-terpinyl cation is stabilized by π-stacking with a tryptophan side chain (tryptophan-253). The hypothesized catalytic mechanism of α-terpineol-to-1,8-cineole conversion is initiated by a catalytic dyad (histidine-502 and glutamate-249), acting as a base, and a threonine (threonine-278) providing the subsequent rearrangement from terpineol to cineol by catalyzing the autoprotonation of (S)-(-)-α-terpineol, which is the favored enantiomer product of the recombinant enzymes. Furthermore, by site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to identify amino acids at positions 147, 148, and 266 that determine the different terpineol-cineole ratios in Nicotiana suaveolens cineole synthase and Nicotiana langsdorffii terpineol synthase. Since amino acid 266 is more than 10 Å away from the active site, an indirect effect of this amino acid exchange on the catalysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Piechulla
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.);
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
| | - Richard Bartelt
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.)
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
| | - Anne Brosemann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.)
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
| | - Uta Effmert
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.)
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.)
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
| | - Frank Hippauf
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.)
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany (B.P., A.B., U.E., F.H.)
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (R.B., W.B.); and
- Plant Sciences, University of Wageningen, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (H.B.)
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Heller L, Kahnt M, Loesche A, Grabandt P, Schwarz S, Brandt W, Csuk R. Amino derivatives of platanic acid act as selective and potent inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:652-668. [PMID: 27936444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A set of thirtyfive 30-norlupan derivatives (2-36) was prepared from the natural triterpenoid platanic acid (PA), and the hydroxyl group at C-3, the carboxyl group at C-17 and the carbonyl group at C-20 were modified. These derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity for the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE, from electric eel) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, from equine serum) using Ellman's assay. Extra enzyme kinetic studies were performed. The most active compound was (3β, 20R)-3-acetyloxy-20-amino-30-norlupan-28-oate (32) showing a Ki value of 0.01 ± 0.003 μM for BChE. This compound proved to be a selective (FB = 851), mixed-type inhibitor for BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heller
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Kahnt
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Loesche
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patricia Grabandt
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Scheler U, Brandt W, Porzel A, Rothe K, Manzano D, Božić D, Papaefthimiou D, Balcke GU, Henning A, Lohse S, Marillonnet S, Kanellis AK, Ferrer A, Tissier A. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of carnosic acid and its reconstitution in yeast. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12942. [PMID: 27703160 PMCID: PMC5059481 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary extracts containing the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and its derivative carnosol are approved food additives used in an increasingly wide range of products to enhance shelf-life, thanks to their high anti-oxidant activity. We describe here the elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of carnosic acid and its reconstitution in yeast cells. Cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYP76AH22-24) from Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia fruticosa already characterized as ferruginol synthases are also able to produce 11-hydroxyferruginol. Modelling-based mutagenesis of three amino acids in the related ferruginol synthase (CYP76AH1) from S. miltiorrhiza is sufficient to convert it to a 11-hydroxyferruginol synthase (HFS). The three sequential C20 oxidations for the conversion of 11-hydroxyferruginol to carnosic acid are catalysed by the related CYP76AK6-8. The availability of the genes for the biosynthesis of carnosic acid opens opportunities for the metabolic engineering of phenolic diterpenes, a class of compounds with potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities. Diterpenes are plant products with high antioxidant properties and potential application as food additives and therapeutics. Here, the authors describe the complete biosynthetic pathway of carnosic acid and reconstruct it in yeast, opening the way to metabolic engineering of phenolic diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulschan Scheler
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Kathleen Rothe
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - David Manzano
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dragana Božić
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Papaefthimiou
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerd Ulrich Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Anja Henning
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Swanhild Lohse
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Marillonnet
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Angelos K Kanellis
- Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Program of Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle 06120, Germany
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Faden F, Ramezani T, Mielke S, Almudi I, Nairz K, Froehlich MS, Höckendorff J, Brandt W, Hoehenwarter W, Dohmen RJ, Schnittger A, Dissmeyer N. Phenotypes on demand via switchable target protein degradation in multicellular organisms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12202. [PMID: 27447739 PMCID: PMC4961840 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes on-demand generated by controlling activation and accumulation of proteins of interest are invaluable tools to analyse and engineer biological processes. While temperature-sensitive alleles are frequently used as conditional mutants in microorganisms, they are usually difficult to identify in multicellular species. Here we present a versatile and transferable, genetically stable system based on a low-temperature-controlled N-terminal degradation signal (lt-degron) that allows reversible and switch-like tuning of protein levels under physiological conditions in vivo. Thereby, developmental effects can be triggered and phenotypes on demand generated. The lt-degron was established to produce conditional and cell-type-specific phenotypes and is generally applicable in a wide range of organisms, from eukaryotic microorganisms to plants and poikilothermic animals. We have successfully applied this system to control the abundance and function of transcription factors and different enzymes by tunable protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Faden
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Ramezani
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Mielke
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Isabel Almudi
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Knud Nairz
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marceli S. Froehlich
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Höckendorff
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Computational Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Proteomics Unit, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - R. Jürgen Dohmen
- Institute for Genetics, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Independent Junior Research Group on Protein Recognition and Degradation, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- ScienceCampus Halle—Plant-based Bioeconomy, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- University Group at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Max Delbrück Laboratory, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Institute of Botany III, Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47 b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
- Département Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Plasticité Phénotypique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, IBMP-CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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Domik D, Thürmer A, Weise T, Brandt W, Daniel R, Piechulla B. A Terpene Synthase Is Involved in the Synthesis of the Volatile Organic Compound Sodorifen of Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:737. [PMID: 27242752 PMCID: PMC4872519 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria release a plethora of volatile organic compounds, including compounds with extraordinary structures. Sodorifen (IUPAC name: 1,2,4,5,6,7,8-heptamethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene) is a recently identified and unusual volatile hydrocarbon that is emitted by the rhizobacterium Serratia plymuthica 4R×13. Sodorifen comprises a bicyclic ring structure solely consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, where every carbon atom of the skeleton is substituted with either a methyl or a methylene group. This unusual feature of sodorifen made a prediction of its biosynthetic origin very difficult and so far its biosynthesis is unknown. To unravel the biosynthetic pathway we performed genome and transcriptome analyses to identify candidate genes. One knockout mutant (SOD_c20750) showed the desired negative sodorifen phenotype. Here it was shown for the first time that this gene is indispensable for the synthesis of sodorifen and strongly supports the hypothesis that sodorifen descends from the terpene metabolism. SOD_c20750 is the first bacterial terpene cyclase isolated from Serratia spp. and Enterobacteriales. Homology modeling revealed a 3D structure, which exhibits a functional role of amino acids for intermediate cation stabilization (W325) and putative proton acception (Y332). Moreover, the size and hydrophobicity of the active site strongly indicates that indeed the enzyme may catalyze the unusual compound sodorifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Domik
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock Rostock, Germany
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Dieckow J, Brandt W, Hattermann K, Schob S, Schulze U, Mentlein R, Ackermann P, Sel S, Paulsen FP. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Mediate TFF3-Induced Cell Migration Independently From the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:56-65. [PMID: 26780310 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides, and in particular TFF3, are characteristic secretory products of mucous epithelia that promote antiapoptosis, epithelial migration, restitution, and wound healing. For a long time, a receptor for TFF3 had not yet been identified. However, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been described as a low affinity receptor for TFF2. Additionally, CXCR7, which is able to heterodimerize with CXCR4, has also been discussed as a potential TFF2 receptor. Since there are distinct structural similarities between the three known TFF peptides, this study evaluated whether CXCR4 and CXCR7 may also act as putative TFF3 receptors. METHODS We evaluated the expression of both CXCR4 and CXCR7 in samples of human ocular surface tissues and cell lines, using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, we studied possible binding interactions between TFF3 and the receptor proteins in an x-ray structure-based modeling system. Functional studies of TFF3-CXCR4/CXCR7 interaction were accomplished by cell culture-based migration assays, flow cytometry, and evaluation of activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade. RESULTS We detected both receptors at mRNA and protein level in all analyzed ocular surface tissues, and in lesser amount in ocular surface cell lines. X-ray structure-based modeling revealed CXCR4 and CXCR7 dimers as possible binding partners to TFF3. Cell culture-based assays revealed enhanced cell migration under TFF3 stimulation in a conjunctival epithelial cell line, which was completely suppressed by blocking CXCR4 and/or CXCR7. Flow cytometry showed increased proliferation rates after TFF3 treatment, while blocking both receptors had no effect on this increase. Trefoil factor family 3 also activated the MAP kinase signaling cascade independently from receptor activity. CONCLUSIONS Dimers CXCR4 and CXCR7 are involved in TFF3-dependent activation of cell migration, but not cell proliferation. The ERK1/2 pathway is activated in the process, but not influenced by CXCR4 or CXCR7. These results implicate a dependence of TFF3 activity as to cell migration on the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dieckow
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hattermann
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany 5Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Schulze
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rolf Mentlein
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Ackermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saadettin Sel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht Karl University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich P Paulsen
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Fobofou SAT, Franke K, Porzel A, Brandt W, Wessjohann LA. Tricyclic Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum lanceolatum and Regioselective Synthesis of Selancins A and B. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:743-753. [PMID: 26950610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the chloroform extract of Hypericum lanceolatum guided by (1)H NMR, ESIMS, and TLC profiles led to the isolation of 11 new tricyclic acylphloroglucinol derivatives, named selancins A-I (1-9) and hyperselancins A and B (10 and 11), along with the known compound 3-O-geranylemodin (12), which is described for a Hypericum species for the first time. Compounds 8 and 9 are the first examples of natural products with a 6-acyl-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one core fused with a dimethylpyran unit. The new compounds 1-9 are rare acylphloroglucinol derivatives with two fused dimethylpyran units. Compounds 10 and 11 are derivatives of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols related to hyperforin, the active component of St. John's wort. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, HRESIMS, and comparison with the literature data. The absolute configurations of 5, 8, 10, and 11 were determined by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized regioselectively in two steps. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract (88% growth inhibition at 50 μg/mL) and of compounds 1-6, 8, 9, and 12 (no significant growth inhibition up to a concentration of 10 mM) against colon (HT-29) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines was determined. No anthelmintic activity was observed for the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A T Fobofou
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katrin Franke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Farag MA, Al-Mahdy DA, Salah El Dine R, Fahmy S, Yassin A, Porzel A, Brandt W. Structure-Activity Relationships of Antimicrobial Gallic Acid Derivatives from Pomegranate and Acacia Fruit Extracts against Potato Bacterial Wilt Pathogen. Chem Biodivers 2016; 12:955-62. [PMID: 26080741 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilts of potato, tomato, pepper, and or eggplant caused by Ralstonia solanacearum are among the most serious plant diseases worldwide. In this study, the issue of developing bactericidal agents from natural sources against R. solanacearum derived from plant extracts was addressed. Extracts prepared from 25 plant species with antiseptic relevance in Egyptian folk medicine were screened for their antimicrobial properties against the potato pathogen R. solancearum by using the disc-zone inhibition assay and microtitre plate dilution method. Plants exhibiting notable antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogen include extracts from Acacia arabica and Punica granatum. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of A. arabica and P. granatum resulted in the isolation of bioactive compounds 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid and gallic acid, in addition to epicatechin. All isolates displayed significant antimicrobial activities against R. solanacearum (MIC values 0.5-9 mg/ml), with 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid being the most effective one with a MIC value of 0.47 mg/ml. We further performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study for the inhibition of R. solanacearum growth by ten natural, structurally related benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt (phone: +20-2-23632245; fax: +20-2-25320005). , .,Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, DE-06120 Halle (Saale). ,
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt (phone: +20-2-23632245; fax: +20-2-25320005)
| | - Riham Salah El Dine
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt (phone: +20-2-23632245; fax: +20-2-25320005)
| | - Sherifa Fahmy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt (phone: +20-2-23632245; fax: +20-2-25320005)
| | - Aymen Yassin
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Dept. Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, DE-06120 Halle (Saale)
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt (phone: +20-2-23632245; fax: +20-2-25320005)
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Esther Hernández-Corroto
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Bojana B. Zmejkovski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Weigl S, Brandt W, Langhammer R, Roos W. The Vacuolar Proton-Cation Exchanger EcNHX1 Generates pH Signals for the Expression of Secondary Metabolism in Eschscholzia californica. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:1135-48. [PMID: 26578709 PMCID: PMC4734569 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell cultures of Eschscholzia californica react to a fungal elicitor by the overproduction of antimicrobial benzophenanthridine alkaloids. The signal cascade toward the expression of biosynthetic enzymes includes (1) the activation of phospholipase A2 at the plasma membrane, resulting in a peak of lysophosphatidylcholine, and (2) a subsequent, transient efflux of vacuolar protons, resulting in a peak of cytosolic H(+). This study demonstrates that one of the Na(+)/H(+) antiporters acting at the tonoplast of E. californica cells mediates this proton flux. Four antiporter-encoding genes were isolated and cloned from complementary DNA (EcNHX1-EcNHX4). RNA interference-based, simultaneous silencing of EcNHX1, EcNHX3, and EcNHX4 resulted in stable cell lines with largely diminished capacities of (1) sodium-dependent efflux of vacuolar protons and (2) elicitor-triggered overproduction of alkaloids. Each of the four EcNHX genes of E. californica reconstituted the lack of Na(+)-dependent H(+) efflux in a Δnhx null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Only the yeast strain transformed with and expressing the EcNHX1 gene displayed Na(+)-dependent proton fluxes that were stimulated by lysophosphatidylcholine, thus giving rise to a net efflux of vacuolar H(+). This finding was supported by three-dimensional protein homology models that predict a plausible recognition site for lysophosphatidylcholine only in EcNHX1. We conclude that the EcNHX1 antiporter functions in the elicitor-initiated expression of alkaloid biosynthetic genes by recruiting the vacuolar proton pool for the signaling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Weigl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology (S.W., W.R.), and Institute of Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics (R.L.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology (S.W., W.R.), and Institute of Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics (R.L.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Renate Langhammer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology (S.W., W.R.), and Institute of Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics (R.L.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Werner Roos
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology (S.W., W.R.), and Institute of Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics (R.L.), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; andLeibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
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Otto A, Porzel A, Schmidt J, Brandt W, Wessjohann L, Arnold N. Structure and Absolute Configuration of Pseudohygrophorones A(12) and B(12), Alkyl Cyclohexenone Derivatives from Hygrophorus abieticola (Basidiomycetes). J Nat Prod 2016; 79:74-80. [PMID: 26722697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudohygrophorones A(12) (1) and B(12) (2), the first naturally occurring alkyl cyclohexenones from a fungal source, and the recently reported hygrophorone B(12) (3) have been isolated from fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Hygrophorus abieticola Krieglst. ex Gröger & Bresinsky. Their structures were assigned on the basis of extensive one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as ESI-HRMS measurements. The absolute configuration of the three stereogenic centers in the diastereomeric compounds 1 and 2 was established with the aid of (3)JH,H and (4)JH,H coupling constants, NOE interactions, and conformational analysis in conjunction with quantum chemical CD calculations. It was concluded that pseudohygrophorone A(12) (1) is 4S,5S,6S configured, while pseudohygrophorone B(12) (2) was identified as the C-6 epimer of 1, corresponding to the absolute configuration 4S,5S,6R. In addition, the mass spectrometric fragmentation behavior of 1-3 obtained by the higher energy collisional dissociation method allows a clear distinction between the pseudohygrophorones (1 and 2) and hygrophorone B(12) (3). The isolated compounds 1-3 exhibited pronounced activity against phytopathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Otto
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schmidt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ludger Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Otto M, Naumann C, Brandt W, Wasternack C, Hause B. Activity Regulation by Heteromerization of Arabidopsis Allene Oxide Cyclase Family Members. Plants (Basel) 2016; 5:plants5010003. [PMID: 27135223 PMCID: PMC4844422 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals in plant stress responses and development. A crucial step in JA biosynthesis is catalyzed by allene oxide cyclase (AOC). Four genes encoding functional AOCs (AOC1, AOC2, AOC3 and AOC4) have been characterized for Arabidopsis thaliana in terms of organ- and tissue-specific expression, mutant phenotypes, promoter activities and initial in vivo protein interaction studies suggesting functional redundancy and diversification, including first hints at enzyme activity control by protein-protein interaction. Here, these analyses were extended by detailed analysis of recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Treatment of purified AOC2 with SDS at different temperatures, chemical cross-linking experiments and protein structure analysis by molecular modelling approaches were performed. Several salt bridges between monomers and a hydrophobic core within the AOC2 trimer were identified and functionally proven by site-directed mutagenesis. The data obtained showed that AOC2 acts as a trimer. Finally, AOC activity was determined in heteromers formed by pairwise combinations of the four AOC isoforms. The highest activities were found for heteromers containing AOC4 + AOC1 and AOC4 + AOC2, respectively. All data are in line with an enzyme activity control of all four AOCs by heteromerization, thereby supporting a putative fine-tuning in JA formation by various regulatory principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Otto
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Dippe M, Brandt W, Rost H, Porzel A, Schmidt J, Wessjohann LA. Rationally engineered variants of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthase: reduced product inhibition and synthesis of artificial cofactor homologues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3637-40. [PMID: 25642798 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthase was engineered for biocatalytic production of SAM and long-chain analogues by rational re-design. Substitution of two conserved isoleucine residues extended the substrate spectrum of the enzyme to artificial S-alkylhomocysteines. The variants proved to be beneficial in preparative synthesis of SAM (and analogues) due to a much reduced product inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dippe
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Yahyaa M, Matsuba Y, Brandt W, Doron-Faigenboim A, Bar E, McClain A, Davidovich-Rikanati R, Lewinsohn E, Pichersky E, Ibdah M. Identification, Functional Characterization, and Evolution of Terpene Synthases from a Basal Dicot. Plant Physiol 2015; 169:1683-97. [PMID: 26157114 PMCID: PMC4634067 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) is an agriculturally and economically important dioecious tree in the basal dicot family Lauraceae used in food and drugs and in the cosmetics industry. Bay leaves, with their abundant monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, are used to impart flavor and aroma to food, and have also drawn attention in recent years because of their potential pharmaceutical applications. To identify terpene synthases (TPSs) involved in the production of these volatile terpenes, we performed RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome of L. nobilis leaves. Bioinformatic analysis led to the identification of eight TPS complementary DNAs. We characterized the enzymes encoded by three of these complementary DNAs: a monoterpene synthase that belongs to the TPS-b clade catalyzes the formation of mostly 1,8-cineole; a sesquiterpene synthase belonging to the TPS-a clade catalyzes the formation of mainly cadinenes; and a diterpene synthase of the TPS-e/f clade catalyzes the formation of geranyllinalool. Comparison of the sequences of these three TPSs indicated that the TPS-a and TPS-b clades of the TPS gene family evolved early in the evolution of the angiosperm lineage, and that geranyllinalool synthase activity is the likely ancestral function in angiosperms of genes belonging to an ancient TPS-e/f subclade that diverged from the kaurene synthase gene lineages before the split of angiosperms and gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaab Yahyaa
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Yuki Matsuba
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Einat Bar
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Alan McClain
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
| | - Mwafaq Ibdah
- Newe Yaar Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (M.Y., A.D.-F., E.B., R.D.-R., E.L., M.I.);Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (Y.M., A.M., E.P.); andDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany (W.B.)
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Gumz F, Krausze J, Eisenschmidt D, Backenköhler A, Barleben L, Brandt W, Wittstock U. The crystal structure of the thiocyanate-forming protein from Thlaspi arvense, a kelch protein involved in glucosinolate breakdown. Plant Mol Biol 2015; 89:67-81. [PMID: 26260516 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Kelch repeat-containing proteins are involved in diverse cellular processes, but only a small subset of plant kelch proteins has been functionally characterized. Thiocyanate-forming protein (TFP) from field-penny cress, Thlaspi arvense (Brassicaceae), is a representative of specifier proteins, a group of kelch proteins involved in plant specialized metabolism. As components of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system of the Brassicaceae, specifier proteins determine the profile of bioactive products formed when plant tissue is disrupted and glucosinolates are hydrolyzed by myrosinases. Here, we describe the crystal structure of TaTFP at a resolution of 1.4 Å. TaTFP crystallized as homodimer. Each monomer forms a six-blade β-propeller with a wide "top" and a narrower "bottom" opening with distinct strand-connecting loops protruding far beyond the lower propeller surface. Molecular modeling and mutational analysis identified residues for glucosinolate aglucone and Fe(2+) cofactor binding within these loops. As the first experimentally determined structure of a plant kelch protein, the crystal structure of TaTFP not only enables more detailed mechanistic studies on glucosinolate breakdown product formation, but also provides a new basis for research on the diverse roles and mechanisms of other kelch proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Gumz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joern Krausze
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniela Eisenschmidt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anita Backenköhler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leif Barleben
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ute Wittstock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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50
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Khalil MNA, Brandt W, Beuerle T, Reckwell D, Groeneveld J, Hänsch R, Gaid MM, Liu B, Beerhues L. O-Methyltransferases involved in biphenyl and dibenzofuran biosynthesis. Plant J 2015; 83:263-76. [PMID: 26017378 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Malinae involving apple and pear. Biosynthesis of the defence compounds includes two O-methylation reactions. cDNAs encoding the O-methyltransferase (OMT) enzymes were isolated from rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) cell cultures after treatment with an elicitor preparation from the scab-causing fungus, Venturia inaequalis. The preferred substrate for SaOMT1 was 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl, supplied by the first pathway-specific enzyme, biphenyl synthase (BIS). 3,5-Dihydroxybiphenyl underwent a single methylation reaction in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). The second enzyme, SaOMT2, exhibited its highest affinity for noraucuparin, however the turnover rate was greater with 5-hydroxyferulic acid. Both substrates were only methylated at the meta-positioned hydroxyl group. The substrate specificities of the OMTs and the regiospecificities of their reactions were rationalized by homology modeling and substrate docking. Interaction of the substrates with SAM also took place at a position other than the sulfur group. Expression of SaOMT1, SaOMT2 and SaBIS3 was transiently induced in rowan cell cultures by the addition of the fungal elicitor. While the immediate SaOMT1 products were not detectable in elicitor-treated cell cultures, noraucuparin and noreriobofuran accumulated transiently, followed by increasing levels of the SaOMT2 products aucuparin and eriobofuran. SaOMT1, SaOMT2 and SaBIS3 were N- and C-terminally fused with the super cyan fluorescent protein and a modified yellow fluorescent protein, respectively. All the fluorescent reporter fusions were localized to the cytoplasm of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermis cells. A revised biosynthetic pathway of biphenyls and dibenzofurans in the Malinae is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N A Khalil
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till Beuerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dennis Reckwell
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Josephine Groeneveld
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mariam M Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benye Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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